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FLUMY Project Version 3.5 User's guide

1. 2200 Avulsions Levee breach Period periodic Avulsions Regional Frequency 3800 Avulsions Regional Period 0 5 Avulsions Probability CSI to CS 0 9 Avulsions Probability CS to CS 1000 Equilibrium Profile Initial Elevation never Equilibrium Profile Frequency Frequency constant Equilibrium Profile Intensity Distribution type 0 Equilibrium Profile Intensity constant overbankfloods Flood Type 1000 Flood Thickness exp decrease m 6 Flood Levee width multiple of channel width periodic Flood Frequency Frequency 100 Flood Frequency Period constant Flood Intensity Distribution type 0 359 Flood Intensity constant distribution value 0 Flood Peatland proportion draping Flood Draping Facies true Define a new sequenc 165426 Simulation Seed Value none Surface Surface type exceed Surface Import option 0 Surface Constant Surface Elevation m none Surface Surface File undefined Surface Facies 10 Wells Relaxation Parameter false Wells Closure activated 0 1 Wells Closure limit none Channel Centerline fil 100 Channel Width m 4 Channel Mean Depth m 1 Channel Wave Length m
2. 165426 Simulation Seed Value Default Floodplain Name 0 Floodplain Origin X m 0 Floodplain Origin Y m 101 Floodplain Dimensions Number of nodes along X 81 Floodplain Dimensions Number of nodes along Y 50 Floodplain Lags Lag X m 50 Floodplain Lags Lag Y m 0 Floodplain Grid Direction degrees 0 Floodplain Z Reference Level m none Surface Surface type exceed Surface Import option 0 Surface Constant Surface Elevation m none Surface Surface File undefined Surface Facies 0 Wells Count 0 Wells Nb Classes 10 Wells Relaxation Parameter false Wells Closure activated 0 1 Wells Closure limit none Channel Centerline fil 100 Channel Width m 4 Channel Mean Depth m 1 Channel Wave Length m 10 Channel Domain Margin multiple of channel width 90 Channel Flow Direction degrees 0 001 Channel Slope along flow direction 0 01 Channel Friction coefficient 15 Channel Depth to width factor 1 Channel Depth to width power 2e 008 Erodibility Coefficient constant Erodibility From none Erodibility Erodibility Map File false Avulsions Levee breach during overbank floods periodic Avulsions Levee breach Frequency 13 12 2013 65 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS
3. Facies CL PB SP EST CCH CS2 LV OB MP CF WL FaciesID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Classes 1 4 4 8 5 8 5 8 6 9 8 11 8 11 12 16 15 15 16 Grain size 0 875 0 6875 0 625 0 5 0 75 0 4375 0 6875 0 3125 0 5625 0 3125 0 5625 0 3125 0 0 125 0 125 0 0625 13 12 2013 76 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 6 6 Some references Bridge 2003 Rivers and Floodplains Blackwell Publishing 49 1p Leopold Wolman Miller 1964 Fluvial processes in geomorphology Freeman and Company Sun 1996 A simulation model for meandering rivers Water Resources Research 32 9 Karssenberg T rnqvist Bridge 2001 Conditioning a process based model of sedimentary architecture to well data Journal of Sedmientary Research Vol 71 13 12 2013 77 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 7 User s comments Any comments are welcome by sending an email to flumy geosciences ensmp fr Please join the Project file or the set of journal file and input files when reporting any problem Note however that zip files cannot be routed to us as they will be blocked by Ecole des Mines mail server If possible change manually the zip file extension for instance into zap Or use another archive format for instance rar 13 12 2013 78 flumy3 5_usersguide
4. Batch l her Sequence 5 ip Sequence in Ex Launch Launch Until Refresh Loop Pause Ready iteration 1300 Eq Profile 1000 m Sinuosity 2 25 Upper Limit 0 Forecast Sand 35 Aggradation Rate 5m 10000 iterations Figure 14 Aggradation 13 12 2013 27 CH y MINES ARMINES flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 3 7 1 Equilibrium Profile The equilibrium profile corresponds to a plane parallel to the reference plane and its elevation can vary in time The equilibrium profile controls the rate of aggradation incision Test on the potential aggradation incision is made at every overbank flood Then the aggradation will be limited by the distance of the equilibrium profile above the floodplain topography the system is free if the distance exceeds the overbankflood intensity see section 3 7 2 2 Incision will occur if the equilibrium profile is lower than the floodplain topography Elevation in meters elevation including grid elevation see section 3 2 2 of the equilibrium profile above the reference plane at the beginning of the sequence of iterations By default it is inherited from the elevation of the Equilibrium Profile at the end of the previous sequence if any Changes in number of iterations changes of the equilibrium profile elevation can occur never at each iteration periodically or randomly following a Poisson process default i
5. The green value always corresponds to Z_TOP Z_BOTTOM The columns number 1 sample index and 4 a sample property are ignored All values of a discrete attribute are collected comparing the characters case sensitive In the example above the different possible categorical values of the discrete attribute are Silt Sand Gravel and Shale The user will have to indicate the Flumy facies associated to each categorical value found in the input wells see section 3 4 2 For continuous attribute the user will have to create user classes defining which interval of the continuous variable corresponds to a Flumy Facies see section 3 4 2 13 12 2013 64 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 5 5 Journal file IN OUT Each line of the journal excepting blank lines and lines starting with contains a parameter value A description of the parameter can be found after the sign all characters following are comments The parameters order is significant and must not be changed The first section sections are separated with blank lines corresponds to initial values of the parameters before the first launch The other sections correspond to a simulation sequence The last parameter of the sequence corresponds to the number of iterations Here is an example of a Journal File for a simulation having only one sequence of 10 000 iterations
6. Small Medium Large Channel maximum depth m e 3 6 15 2 Sandbodies extension ratio 100 ribbon 30 std 100 sheet 250 Sandbodies extension m 600 ribbon 120 sta 600 sheet 1500 Net to gross so 5 20 50 Update grid size when apply Apply non expert parameters Domain Grid Lags m DX so DY 8 Give Grid Size m Length 5000 Width O Give Number of Nodes NX ro NY Grid Location m Longitude o Latitude Grid Elevation inl fo Grid Rotation degree o Note West gt East direction is O degree counterclockwise Restore default parameters Launch Launch Until Refresh Loop Batch I Her Sequence Skip Sequence Ready iteration 0 Eq Profile 1000 m Figure 3 Initialization 13 12 2013 10 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 3 2 1 Non expert user The non expert user pre calculator uses 3 input key parameters The Channel maximum depth in m The horizontal Sandbodies extension in m OR its ratio to maximum channel depth characterizing the type of channels from 30 for ribbon type through 100 for standard to 250 for sheet type The Net to gross 1 e sand proportion Default values are proposed When applying these 3 parameters the values of all main Flumy parameters are computed automatically by a pre calculator The user has the possibility to comp
7. 10 Channel Domain Margin multiple of channel width 90 Channel Flow Direction degrees 0 001 Channel Slope along flow direction 0 01 Channel Friction coefficient 15 Channel Depth to width factor 1 Channel Depth to width power 2e 008 Erodibility Coefficient constant Erodibility From none Erodibility Erodibility Map File false Avulsions Levee breach during overbank floods periodic Avulsions Levee breach Frequency 2200 Avulsions Levee breach Period periodic Avulsions Regional Frequency 3800 Avulsions Regional Period 00 5 Avulsions Probability CSI to CS 0 9 Avulsions Probability CS to CS 1000 Equilibrium Profile Initial Elevation 13 12 2013 66 flumy3 5_usersguide never constant 0 overbankfloods 1000 6 periodic 100 constant 0 359 0 draping 100000 13 12 2013 Sh sk de de de dh SE de SR SR SR SR H ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS Equilibrium Profile Frequency Frequency Equilibrium Profile Intensity Distribution type Equilibrium Profile Intensity constant Flood Type Flood Thickness exp decrease m Flood Levee width multiple of channel width Flood Frequency Frequency Flood Frequency Period Flood Intensity Distribution type Flood Intensity constant distribution value Flood Peatland proportion Flood Draping Faci
8. All graphical views are refreshed every N iterations where N is the Refreshment period Default is N 100 iterations Choosing N 1 enables to see each iteration Note However that a low value may increase considerably computation time 13 12 2013 35 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 4 3 Visualisation of simulation When running the program a first graphic window opens at the same time as the interface window More New graphic window can be opened with the File menu This allows visualizing simultaneously different views of the simulation at the same time Note Each window is independent from the others Closing the first graphical window will close all others The key h permits to display in the Message Window File menu all the keyboard shortcuts available in graphical views 4 3 1 Graphical views The different graphical views and associated shortcuts are the following Key a W To display the 2D aerial view Key x a To display the vertical cross section in the y z plane Looking in upstream direction x decreasing Key y BA To display the vertical cross section in the x z plane Looking in y increasing direction Key3 To display a 3D aerial view of the top topography 13 12 2013 36 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 4 3 2 General operators These operators are available in all graphical views Keyr tad To reset the view to the default graphical
9. Here is an example of a 2D topography file using the F2G format F2G_DIM 2 F2G_VERSION 1 F2G_LOCATION 447100 527300 O F2G_ROTATION 0 F2G_ORIGIN 0 0 F2G_NB_NODI ES 211 166 F2G_LAGS 20 20 F2G_ORDER Z X Y F2G_NB_VARIABLES 1 F2G_VARIABLE F2G_UND F2G_VAL 81 74 81 78 79 64 1 Elevation EFIN ED_1 NA UES The file above has 35026 lines 211x166 cell values plus 12 header lines compulsory keywords 13 12 2013 56 flumy3 5_usersguide 5 2 3 Erodibility map IN OUT ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS The erodibility map Emap file must use the F2G format Input Emap values can be Absolute E 0 1 E 7 or Relative any value see section 3 5 1 Output Emap values generated by Flumy are Absolute The Emap file has only one variable the Erodibility The grid of the Emap file could partially cover the floodplain area Missing values are automatically calculated from proximal erodibility values found into the Emap file Here is an example of a 2D erodibility map file using the F2G format with absolute values F2G_DIM 2 F2G_VERSION 1 F2G_LOCATION 447100 527300 O F2G_ROTATION 0 F2G_ORIGIN 0 0 F2G_NB_NODI ES 211 166 F2G_LAGS 20 20 F2G_ORDER Z X Y F2G_NB_VARIABLES 1 F2G_VARIABLE F2G_UND F2G_VAL 2e 08 2e 08 2e 08 1 Erodibility EFIN ED_1 NA UES The file above has 35026 lines 21
10. mean of e e Emap Dynamic Upper limit In Flumy it is possible to introduce an imported surface so that the simulation will stop when this is exceeded everywhere In the case this imported surface represents an erosional surface the user then has just to replace the actual topography by the imported one In the case the imported surface represents an upper limit to be approximately reached by the sedimentation i e a stratigraphic surface an Emap Dynamic is to be used during the simulation that favours at any time new location of channel and so deposition preferentially where the imported surface to be reached is the highest above the actual topography 13 12 2013 21 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 3 5 2 Channel Channel cross section is parabolic defined by its width and mean depth Recommended values are given in section 6 1 Width in meters default 40 m Maximum depth in meters This is the maximum channel depth over a normal cross section default 4 m The maximal depth is 1 5 the mean depth for a parabolic cross section The Auto buttons permit to automatically calculate the Width resp the Maximum depth from the Maximum depth resp the Width using the following formula W 10x D a s Import centerline Unless a centerline data file is given a centerline will automatically be generated similarly to a regional avulsion see section 3 6 The user has the
11. Stratton Modified JAE File Settings Compute About Initialization Topography Wells Channel Avulsions aggradation Seed Summary Avulsion Regional Avulsion Periodic 3800 Edit Local Avulsion Periodic 2200 Edit Cl Levee Breaches During Aggradation Probability for transition from CSI to CSI os Probability for adding a new CS Channel foo Launch Launch Until e Batcl I her sequence Refresh Loop Palisa Reset Sh ip Sequence in Ext Exit Ready iteration 1300 i form Eq Profile 1000 m Sinuosity 2 25 Upper Limit 0 oN Forecast Sand 35 Aggradation Rate 5m 10000 iterations MINES ARMINES Figure 13 Avulsions 13 12 2013 25 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS Regional avulsion default is periodic 2200 upstream of the domain four options are offered for its period never always periodic or Poisson These avulsions can be considered to be caused by successful levee breaches upstream of the domain and result in a new path within the domain extended with its lateral margins to avoid border effects see previous section Local avulsion default is periodic 1300 within the domain four options are offered for the period of levee breaches that occur independently from overbank floods never always periodic or Poisson The user has to click on the Edit button to customize the
12. lowlands the lower parts of the domain with respect to the reference plane At some times coinciding with overbank floods or not a levee breach may occur within the domain producing either a chute cut off or a crevasse splay of type I that may evolve into a crevasse splay of type II and possibly into an avulsion In addition to such local avulsions regional avulsions may be caused by levee breaching upstream of the domain resulting in a change of the entry point All this meandering sedimentation may take place within given sedimentary units defined by topographic surfaces possibly planes with given elevation Facies other than resulting from meandering sedimentation may be deposited between two topographic surfaces Imported surfaces may be used to replace erode or aggrade the current topography An imported surface may also correspond to an upper stratigraphic surface to which the deposition will tend A conditioning process is used to honour vertical well data It aims at reproducing at each iteration the local conditions of deposition assuming that the system is aggrading or at least not incising so that the process deposits preferentially but not 100 what is expected at data points The process is thus expected to provide plausible realizations of the model when the density of the wells is reasonable typically 1 to 10 wells The basic output block model consists at each node of the 2D grid in successive deposition units w
13. 1 Coordinates depth and thickness ar xpressed in meters Well Location _WELL 10000 ELL 20000 ei r He SE SE e Se Bottom elevation _BOTTOM 100 Top elevation _TOP 81 62 Ne Noe e Fei Deposits From top to bottom Facies_id Facies Depth Thickness Time Warning Depth from top of deposit basis TRIBUTE_COLUMN 1 EPTH_COLUMN 3 DISCRETE_ATTRIBUTE 1 STANDARD_FACIES 1 D D e e e Ascii E LV 5 68 5 68 8401 2 PB 8 45 2 77 8347 1 CL 8 84 0 39 8347 2 PB 10 57 1273 8231 1 CL 10 88 0 31 2366 8 OB 11 07 0 19 2279 LL WL TH E 0 03 2279 8 OB 17 18 0 22 93 8 OB 17 38 0 20 2 0 UDF 18 38 1 00 1 The two red values are always the same as the first sample thickness corresponds to the first sample cumulative depth from the top The green value always corresponds to Z_TOP Z_ BOTTOM 13 12 2013 62 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 5 4 2 Format for a non vertical well The format for an imported non vertical well is close to the format of a vertical well A well is identified as a non vertical well if columns XS_BOT YS_BOT ZS_BOT representing the x y z of the bottom of each sample are defined and informed The values of ZS_BOT must decrease the last one should equal Z_BOTTOM value File example of an input deviated well Well Location WELL 6500 X Y_WELL 3800 4 Bottom elevation Z_BOTTOM 18 3 T
14. 6875 3969 2 0 6875 3967 F2G_U 9 0 125 123101 The file above has 7900 lines 10x10x79 cell values plus 12 header lines compulsory keywords 13 12 2013 58 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 5 3 Channel centerline IN OUT Data for the channel centerline are given as an ASCII file containing the discretization points of the channel in 2D or 3D The first point must be upstream of the channel the last point must be downstream of the channel Comments are not allowed after the Ascii line delimiter Coordinates are given in the geographical system Centerline saved by MCRC Dimension of points 2D or 3D N_DIMENSIONS 3D Number of points in the centerline N_POINTS 178 Channel centerline path x y z Ascii 4535 2808 11 0 4486 97 2792 14 0 4437 86 2779 01 O 4387 76 2768 73 0 4359 50 1255 74 0 The file above has 178 lines 178 channel points plus 8 header lines 13 12 2013 59 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 5 4 Well file IN OUT There is one separate file per well to be imported exported Imported wells can be vertical or non vertical but then with an elevation decreasing along hole Non vertical wells are automatically identified by the presence of the x y z of each sample see below Only vertical wells can be exported The file format is inspired from the well known LA
15. Note Another transparent operation is dynamically applied by Flumy to improve conditioning process It consists in virtually replacing all small sand interval where thickness is less than half the maximum channel depth by a less constraining facies CS1 It implies that small sand interval wouldn t be honoured by Flumy The Fill Nexus button is a way to automatically fill the three nexus parameters deduced from the well data analysis see Section 3 1 1 The Channel maximum depth is deduced from the analysis of the sand well sample thicknesses The extension ratio is deduced by a heuristic formula and the Net to Gross corresponds to the sand proportion observed in the wells 13 12 2013 17 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 3 4 2 User classes The User classes feature is a way to convert non standard wells into Flumy facies well Either discrete or continuous well can be used In case of discrete well the user must associate each discrete attribute observed into the well the value to the corresponding Flumy facies see section 5 1 In case of continuous well i e porosity property the user muse defines for each interval min max the corresponding Flumy facies The user can choose a name and a colour for each class These information are used by the Histogram feature in Attribute mode see section 4 4 3 The classes must be ordered in decreasing grain size The Master check box indicates which class will be use
16. at each iteration periodically or randomly following a Poisson process Note This period also rules the control on aggradation as well as incision when equilibrium profile is used see section 3 7 1 Thickness default 0 281 m in meters maximum thickness deposited on levees during an overbank flood It can be constant or follow a probability distribution whose parameters are to be chosen uniform between a min and a max normal with given mean and standard deviation lognormal with mean and standard deviation of this not of its log Wetland proportion default 0 in percentage extension of lowlands to be covered by peat in between two successive overbank floods entered as a maximal proportion of the floodplain area Note the aerial view it may be partly covered by the overbank sediment deposited just afterwards Draping Facies only active when using Draping mode Indicates which facies Draping or Undefined will be deposited Thickness Exponential Decrease default 1000 m in meters scaling distance of the negative exponential distribution which rules the decreasing of alluvium thickness away from the channel The deposited thickness is thus 37 14 and 5 of the maximum thickness respectively at one two or three times this scaling distance from the channel Levee Width as a multiple of channel width default 6 define the distance from the channel centerline of the frontier between L
17. different units that are iteratively deposited at each point of the 2D grid As the beginning and the end elevations of the deposited material may vary with the 2D grid point facies NA is added below and above in the 3D regular grid outputs See the section 6 5 for more details regarding the facies list 13 12 2013 54 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 5 2 Grid files Grid files are used to import export surfaces and erodibility map 2D grid and to export simulation regular block 3D Grid All grid files have the same ASCII format whose name is Flumy Generic Grid F2G 5 2 1 Flumy Generic Grid format The Flumy Generic Grid format handles regular grid localization 3D location as Longitude Latitude and Elevation in the geographical system and rotation 2D rotation around vertical axis This format indicates the order description in which the grid values are dumped It permits also to dump more than one variable column by column An ASCII file with the Flumy Generic Grid Format is composed first by a header with several keywords in the appropriate order see below then all grid cell values one grid cell by line where different variable values are separated by the space character on the same line Keyword Value Comment F2G_DIM 2 or 3 2D or 3D grid F2G_VERSION 1 or more F2G format version F2G_LOCATION XYZ m Grid location in the geographical system Z is ignored for 2D grid F2G_RO
18. flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS ER Project stratton Modified fan File Settings Compute About Summary Initialization Topography Wells Channel Avulsions aggradation Seed Non expert user Max Depth 6m Extension 600 Sand 50 Domain Size 5000m 4000m Discretization 50m 50m Initial Elevation Om Imported Surface File topo txt Exceed Wells Number of Wells 2 Erodibility Coefficient 22 08 Channel Width 100m Max Depth 6m Centerline not used Avulsions Regional periodic 3800 it Levee breaches during Aggradation No Other levee breaches periodic 2200 it Equilibrium Profile Elevation 1000m Changes never Aggradation Overbank Occurence periodic 100 it Thickness constant 0 359m Wetland 0 Graphical ZCut option File None Launch Launch until Refresh Loop Paice Reset TT mer zeguencg Skip Sequence nl Exit Exit AN Ready iteration 1300 Eq Profile 1000 m Sinuosity 2 25 Upper Limit 0 PAZ Forecast Sand 35 Aggradation Rate 5m 10000 iterations MIRES ARMINES Figure 2 Summary 13 12 2013 9 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 3 2 Initialization Flumy 3 501 Project Stratton File Settings Compute About Initialization Topography Wells Channel Avulsions Aggradatior Non expert user
19. parameters Key d ay To display current deposits using facies colours Key g EN To display current deposits using grain size colours see section 6 5 Finest grain size class Coarsest grain size class 0 E Figure 17 Grain size colour scale Key G CG To display current deposits using facies colour darkening with grain size increasing Key A EN To display current deposits using facies colour darkening with old age and grain size increasing The colors for PB LV and OB change with grain size and age of deposits The PB deposit is yellow getting red when older The LV OB deposits vary from yellow to red away from the channel becoming red to black when older Key c GC To display or to hide the grid discretized channel within the modelled domain Key C D To display or to hide the real channel Key s To display or to hide the location of the red cursor vertical sections Keyz Z To decrease the vertical exaggeration Key Z 4 To increase the vertical exaggeration Key o To display the simulation eroded from the top by a ZCut surface see section 3 3 Key f K To make a screenshot of the graphic window tiff file Arrows To move the red cursor location vertical sections 13 12 2013 37 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 4 3 3 2D Aerial view Graphic Window OLE BN Dae ap z 2 a Figure 18 2D aerial view 13 12 2013 38 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS Keys u
20. sequence Parameters Minimum Default Maximum Non expert user Channel Maximum depth m 1 4 15 Sand bodies extension ratio 1 30 250 Net to gross 1 20 99 Update grid size when apply No Domain Grid Lags m DX 0 01 20 00 Grid Lags m DY 0 01 20 00 Grid Number of Nodes NX 2 101 1000 Grid Number of Nodes NY 2 81 1000 Grid Location m Longitude or Latitude 00 0 00 Grid Elevation m 00 0 00 Grid Rotation degrees counterclockwise 360 0 360 Topography Surface Type 0 None Constant Elevation m 00 0 00 Topography File None Operation Upper limit Filling Facies Undefined Graphical ZCut Topography File 0 None Elevation offset m 00 0 00 Wells Relaxation 0 10 100 Closure limit activated No Closure limit m 0 01 0 1 100 13 12 2013 69 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS Parameters Minimum Default Maximum Erodibility Emap mode Constant Erodibility coefficient m s 0 2 E 8 1 E 7 Offset m s 00 0 00 Channel Width m 5 40 500 Maximum depth m 1 4 15 Domain Margin multiple of channel width 1 10 100 Flow direction degree clockwise 360 90 360 Slope along Flow Direction 0 0001 0 001 0 1 Friction Coefficient 0 005 0 01 0 02 Avulsions Regional Avulsion frequency Perio
21. 1x166 cell values plus 12 header lines compulsory keywords 13 12 2013 ae ee flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 5 2 4 3D block OUT The simulation ASCII file uses the F2G format This is a 3D regular grid vertically discretized at a given discretization step The user must indicate the following fields before exporting the simulation The Minimum Maximum X Y grid indices This is a way to export a sub block of the simulation not the whole grid The Vertical discretization step in m because Flumy internally stores vertical irregular pillar in each domain cell the exportation procedure must upscale the simulation content at a regular discretization step The variables the user wants to export The Facies variable is an integer see section 6 5 The grain size variable is a value between O finest grain and 1 coarsest grain see section 6 5 The age variable is an integer indicating the iteration number of the deposit Here is an example of a 3D sub block of the simulation exported into a file using the F2G format with the 3 variables F2G_DIM 3 F2G_VERSION 1 F2G_LOCATION 449100 525300 0 48 F2G_ROTATION O F2G_ORIGIN 0 0 0 F2G_NB_NODES 10 10 79 F2G_LAGS 20 20 1 F2G_ORDER Z X Y F2G_NB_VARIABLES 3 F2G_VARIABLE_1 Facies F2G_UNDEFINED_1 NA ARIABLE_2 Grain_Size ND AR D F2G_V EFINED_2 NA F2G_VARIABLE_3 Age F2G_UNDEFINED_3 NA F2G_VALUES 2 0
22. 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 4 4 3 3 Wells Vertical Proportion Curve Figure 26 Wells Vertical Proportion Curve When input wells have been added see section 3 4 1 the user can calculate VPC onto well data If the wells are non standard discrete or continuous the data displayed are interpreted Flumy facies Options are similar to Vertical proportion curve see section 4 4 3 1 This tool can be used to identify the different geological units if so and to analyse the facies proportions along wells 13 12 2013 50 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 4 4 3 4 Wells Histogram O SE SS RI Wells Histogram File Graphics 1 Figure 27 Wells histogram When input wells have been added see section 3 4 1 the user can build the well samples histogram Options are similar to Vertical proportion curve see section 4 4 3 1 The difference with VPC is that the orientation is switched and the user cannot show the removed data and hide the unavailable data which corresponds here to the empty white space The wells histogram is a way to analyse the distribution of the well samples according their height In the example above there is only one sample of Point Bar yellow which height is 15m This sample is probably an amalgamated Point Bar channel deposit Most Wetland purple samples have a really thin thickness The closure limit option is a way to see the impact of th
23. ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 000 FLUMY Project Version 3 5 User s guide December 2013 S FLUMY NN LD ARMINES PNE h 13 12 2013 1 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS Table of contents 1 Introduction E 5 2 KN TEE 6 2 1 Download and install the software 6 2 2 E EE H 2 3 Further information assam a Ea e aaia r a iair 7 3 OPE parameters A RT 8 3 1 BAe D TA AEAEE AAO SETAE SE ATEA TET 8 3 2 E toteasedelalonesszsndeeealsesees Selah asatevadeete ese eben aden giaae re eeRO A Sas 10 Ge ET 11 IL DOMAIN aho aia adria 11 A O A aas o r aiiai 12 3 3 dE dd pla 13 A TA 14 3 3 2 ET 15 3 4 Wells 16 Sa EE 17 Jl E I A EIN AIE EEE E E NERES rs da aa 18 3 5 E ngaat a1 S A EE SESE EEN TETE ES 19 Bt Deke TEE 20 Dele E 22 3 6 ET E 25 3 7 EE 27 LAS EE 28 VAL EE 28 3 8 e NS 30 3 9 SAS e 31 4 Simulation visualisation and results uouooosooncooncccnnncccncnonocionoconnoncnnonccnncccnnnccnnnccnnocconaconos 32 4 1 Kee EE 32 AL DIUGCCEIGUACH iii tii anal lidia 32 4 1 2 Resetand journal Md ase 32 41 3 Savine a I POICC A ataa eea ebessen 33 414 Message IDO a aras EE a EEEa eani 33 E CUM OS MICU s eeraa A ea aaant 34 BD FACIES E 34 A A tiree e eae ians na iaai 35 13 12 2013 2 flumy3 5_usersguide 5 7 ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 4 3 Visualisation Of Simulation ashiash a a 36 4 3 EE 36 4 3 2 General OPCrAators ccccccccccsccceeesceesesseeceeeecessecees
24. ES MINES DE PARIS 13 12 2013 4 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 1 Introduction the model This FLUMY software follow up of MCRC is a modelling tool both process based and stochastic for a meandering channel and its associated deposits at the scale of the reservoir The model is based on the evolution in time of the channel by migration cut off and avulsion and on the deposition of point bar sand mudplug crevasse splays overbank alluvium and organic matter In the FLUMY working space after a possible 2D rotation around an origin from the geographical space the floodplain is discretized as a rectangular 2D grid The channel can flow in any direction The flow direction is parallel to a slightly deeping reference plane with a given global floodplain slope Time is discretized into iterations or time steps At every time step e g year and except for a few punctual events migration is performed This is favoured by the erodibility either constant over the domain or defined as a map on the discretized grid optionally 3D When overbank flood occurs alluvium is deposited on the floodplain with thickness and granulometry decreasing exponentially from the channel The aggradation or on the contrary the incision may be constrained by the distance between the elevation of the floodplain and an equilibrium profile parallel to the reference plane and also varying in time Peat or wetland may be deposited in the
25. S format Unfortunately LAS format does not include well location The Flumy file header contains well location the elevation of the top and the bottom of the well The header contains also additional keywords indicating which columns are to be extracted from the data part The data part must follow the separator line Ascii Note to import wells from Petrel In Petrel export logs using LAS format then for each file remove all the lines before Ascii line and add the compulsory keywords at the beginning It is possible to extract vertical wells from the simulated block Caution the well must be extracted at the intersection of the S N and W E cross sections of the first window opened by the program since sections displayed on the different windows are independent 13 12 2013 60 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS Keyword Value Comment X_WELL X Well location abscissa longitude in the geographical system Y_WELL Y Well location ordinate latitude in the geographical system Z_BOTTOM Zb Bottom elevation of the well including grid elevation see section 3 2 2 Z_TOP Zt Top elevation of the well including grid elevation see section 3 2 2 ATTRIBUTE_COLUMN Attribute column index Interest variable The attribute is the Facies identifier for a standard Flumy well the custom discrete value for a non standard discrete well or the continuous property f
26. TATION Rotation Rotation in degrees counter clockwise around vertical axis West gt East direction is 0 F2G_ORIGIN Ox Oy Oz in m Offset of the origin of the grid Keep it to 0 0 0 Oz is ignored for 2D grid F2G_NB_NODES Nx Ny Nz Number of node along X axis Y axis and Z axis Nz is ignored for 2D grid F2G_LAGS Dx Dy Dz Lag between nodes along X axis Y axis and Z axis Dz is ignored for 2D grid F2G_ORDER A B C The order in which cells are dumped A B C must be replaced by X or Y or Z For example the order Z X Y means that the cells first are dumped along increasing Y axis faster index then along increasing X axis finally increasing Z axis F2G_NB_VARIABLES Nb variable Number of variables and for each variable F2G_VARIABLE Name Name of the variable F2G_UNDEFINED Undefined value Value to be considered as undefined F2G_VALUES Indicates that next line is the first grid cell values The above as to be replaced by the variable index starting from 1 for the first variable 13 12 2013 2295 flumy3 5_usersguide 5 2 2 Topography IN OUT ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS The topography file must use the F2G format The topography values are in meters Such file has only one variable the Elevation The topography must cover the floodplain area entirely The topography values must include the grid elevation see section 3 2 2
27. alues larger than 1 E 7 are set to this value An erodibility value of 0 corresponds to locations where no migration is desired Emap File For the 3 last options the Emap is read from an ASCIII file The file must have the F2G format see section 5 2 2 Emap with absolute values In this case absolute values 0 1 E 7 of erodibility are read The Erodibility coefficient is ignored 13 12 2013 20 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS Emap with relative values This option is to be used when the input values are not absolute erodibility values i e seismic block assumed as sand probability The user then can input The Erodibility Coefficient default E 2 E 8 The Offset default e 0 The relative values on the domain e will be transformed into absolute values Kj first by subtraction of the offset then by rescaling their mean to the Erodibility Coefficient Hence the offset corresponds to 0 erodibility and the Erodibility Coefficient corresponds to the mean erodibility over the domain unless resulting values smaller than O or larger than 1 E 7 are found that are set to these It is preferable not to change the default Erodibility Coefficient as this is used by the pre calculator An offset equal to or larger than the minimum of the input relative values corresponds to a very high confidence in the input Emap as strictly O erodibility values will be present
28. ameters is only available in the full version The trial version is limited for a period of one month and has no exportation feature Supported operating systems are the followings Windows 32 or 64 bits Linux 32 or 64 bits Delivery folder description bin executable files data sample files for importation features centerline well topography and erodibility map and color palettes doc this usersguide and tutorials 13 12 2013 6 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 2 2 Credits The Flumy software is the property of ARMINES MINES ParisTech The free demonstration software is for an academic used only The Flumy standalone software is given without any guarantee ARMINES MINES ParisTech is not responsible of any damage that this software could do to your data or to your computer DIS ARMINES Copyright 2013 MINES ParisTech ARMINES Meandering Channelized Reservoirs Creator flumy 3 501 Full Released on October 17th 2013 gt Distribution Full Expiration date unlimited More info http f Contact flumy This software uses the Freeglut library http the wxWidgets library http www older org Close Close Figure 1 About the software 2 3 Further information If problems remain please contact flumy O geosciences ensmp fr 13 12 2013 7 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 3 Input parameters 3 1 Overview When running t
29. and vertical section views by pushing the Key u The upper limit is used as long as the user doesn t change the Surface Type parameter to None The Filling Facies is used to fill possible gaps up to the imported surface for the two first options The user has the choice between either Undefined or Draping Upper limit 550 440 Z Top 500m Su 2 E ze AL sh 7 pT E tf 4 Lt AT en 4 Imported topo at startup 720 680 Fo AT 4 y 1 ae EX ll ZBase 700m AN AR E Z ref 800m initial grid elevation Figure 6 Imported topography and upper limit In the example above at startup the user replaces the topography to load initial basement then setup the upper limit during the simulation run 13 12 2013 14 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 3 3 2 Graphical ZCut option Graphical ZCut option this is a purely visual tool not recorded in the journal file that allows displaying the simulation as intersected by a given surface when using the key or the icon amp File contains the intersection surface ASCII at F2G format see chapter 5 Elevation offset m value to be added to the elevation values of the intersection surface including grid elevation see section 3 2 2 Figure 8 3D view with ZCut option vertical scale exaggerated This option is the best tool to understand the observed outcrops on a fossil reservoi
30. ave the current project to a new one using the Save Project As option in the File menu The user can navigate forward or backward step by step snapshot to another snapshot using the corresponding options in the File menu Finally an existing project can be reloaded to continue a previous work using the Open Project menu option Flumy automatically loads the last available snapshot in the project folder see section 4 4 1 By default Flumy starts within the last used project 4 1 4 Message windows The File menu contains also a check box which permits to open close a Messages Window containing information about simulated events warnings and errors This window can be emptied using the Clear button 13 12 2013 33 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 4 2 Settings menu 4 2 1 Facies Colours Use the menu Change facies colours to display the different facies with their default colours and possibly to change these The user can also Load facies colours or Save facies colours see file format section 5 7 Change Colors Dialog Channel Lag Point Bar Sand Plug Crevasse Splay Splay H Channels Crevasse Splay Il Levee Overbank Mud Plug Channel Fill Wetland Draping Undefined Figure 16 Facies Look at section 6 5 to see more details on the Facies handled by Flumy 13 12 2013 34 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 4 2 2 Refreshment period
31. average time interval between From Bridge 2003 p 268 event recurrence l Floodplain aggradation rate per year OB every 10 years Intensity 0 10 m rz 10t OB every 20 years Intensity 0 15 m t time interval between event recurrence OB every 30 years Intensity 0 20 m In the model OB every 40 years Intensity 0 24 m Overbank intensity r time interval 2 OB every U years Intensity 0 28 m x 0 67 OB every 75 years Intensity 0 36 m I 20t OB every 100 years Intensity 0 43 m 13 12 2013 72 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS Relationship between channel width and floodplain grid Channel width Grid lag If channel width lt lag x or and y Channel discretization will give a dotted line Channel width should be gt 2 lag max of x or y Channel width Floodplain width If floodplain is too narrow then meander loops will not be fully displayed on screen Floodplain width should be gt 40 channel width Channel width Floodplain length If floodplain is too short then meander loops will not be fully displayed on screen Floodplain length should be gt 40 channel width Relationship between exponential thickness decrease and channel width Exponential thickness decrease To preserve appropriate alluvium lateral extension toward the global Channel width channel shape Channel width should be lt exponential thicknes
32. bits corresponding to the intersections of the well with the cells of the 2D Flumy grid grid points being centered in cells Relaxation in between 0 and 100 default 10 ahigh relaxation will result in a more rapid simulation less constrained by the deposition of sand exactly at sand data alow relaxation will be constrained by the deposition of sand exactly at sand data but may deposit too much sand globally In details Relaxation probability of unblocking aggradation in the conditioning process Aggradation is being blocked when for instance Point Bar sand must be deposited at a well location and when channel is getting too high see Section 4 3 5 While attraction of the channel to the well data is simultaneously favoured the process may run a too long time and deposit a too large quantity of sand at this level before sand data at the well is honoured A compromise between exactness at well data and better reproduction of facies Vertical Proportion Curves can then be obtained by relaxing the process i e allowing aggradation with a given probability Aggradation is never blocked if relaxation 100 The Closure limit in m default is 0 1m can be defined to allow Flumy ignoring the little non sand interval If used Flumy will ignore each non sand interval where vertical thickness is less than the Closure limit This is a way to improve the conditioning process by grouping successive sand interval all together
33. bottom of the previous large channel 13 12 2013 22 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS Domain margin longitudinal and lateral extensions of the domain used to remove artificial border effects within the domain when the channel migrates or aggrades given as a multiple of the channel width Default is fixed to 10 this corresponds to the development of one meander according to the relationship Leopold Wolman Miller 1964 Lm 10 9xw where Lm is the meander wavelength and w the bankfull width Flow Direction direction of the slope of the reference plane given in degrees clockwise from South to North direction default 90 i e from West to East 0 is South to North direction See next figure Slope along Flow Direction value of the slope of the reference plane dipping in the direction of the flow direction default 0 001 Friction Coefficient friction of the substratum The higher this coefficient the greater the meander wavelength is important default 0 01 13 12 2013 23 flumy3 5_usersguide 13 12 2013 ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS Flow direction equal to 120 wf x ae e S av Domain margin South to North direction Geographic y axis Geographic x axis ye West to East direction Figure 12 Flow direction toward grid orientation 24 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 3 6 Avulsions ET Project
34. d when converting back simulation Flumy facies into a user class see exporting the simulation result at section 4 4 2 13 12 2013 18 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 3 5 Channel Flumy a 501 Project Stratton Modified JAE File Settings Compute About Initialization Topography Wells Channel Avulsions Erodibility Emap mode Constant gt es None Erodibility coefficient 2e 08 Offset lo Channe Width m 100 Auto Maximum Depth m lo Auto CI Import Centerline File None Domain Margin multiple of channel width Flow direction degree l z e clockwise 90 Note South gt North direction is O degree Slope along Flow Direction 0 001 Friction coefficient 0 01 Launch Launch Until Refresh Loop I Pa lise Reset Batch l ler Sequence Skip Sequence in Eat Exit Ready iteration 1300 i form Eq Profile 1000 m Sinuosity 2 25 Upper Limit 0 oN Forecast Sand 35 Aggradation Rate 5m 10000 iterations MINES ARMINES Figure 10 Channel 13 12 2013 19 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 3 5 1 Erodibility The higher the erodibility the more rapid the migration of the channel and the thickner the PointBar deposits Hence the erodibility is used to control eg favoring or slowing down the channel migration the migration of the channel at a given location is prop
35. dibility maps when using the simple ASCII file format the x y coordinates correspond to the geographical coordinates not the coordinates in the Flumy system related through an origin and a rotation around it see Section 3 1 2 z coordinate In imported or exported data files z is consistent with the input elevation of the reference level which does not take into account the global floodplain slope as it is easier to go directly between the horizontally flat reference system of Flumy simulation and the geographical system of the actual reservoir Some rules have to be strictly followed otherwise there might be some problems during the file exchange with other software Symbol any line starting with this symbol corresponds to a comment line Decimal numbers to be entered with a decimal point Field name to be exactly as in the model capital letter underscore The thickness of each deposition unit is rounded to the cm 13 12 2013 53 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS In the different output files the Flumy facies deposits are represented by abbreviation or number as follows No Abbr Type of deposit 0 UDF Undefined 1 CL Channel Lag 2 PB Point Bar 3 SP Sand Plug 4 CSI Crevasse Splay I 5 CCh Crevasse Splay II Channels 6 CSI Crevasse Splay II 7 LN Levee 8 OB Overbank alluvium 9 MP Mud Plug 10 CF Channel Fill 11 WL Wet Land 12 DR Draping Facies other than NA correspond to the
36. dic Periodic Period it 1 2200 00 Poisson Average period it 1 2200 00 Local Avulsion frequency Periodic Periodic Period it 1 1300 00 Poisson Average period it 1 1300 00 Levee Breaches During Aggradation No Probability for transition from CSI to CSI 0 0 5 1 Probability for adding a new CS Channel 0 0 9 1 13 12 2013 70 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS Parameters Minimum Default Maximum Equilibrium Profile Elevation m 00 1000 00 Changes frequency Never Periodic Period it 1 100 00 Poisson Average period it 1 100 00 Variation distribution Constant Constant Constant value m 00 1 00 Uniform Minimum m 00 0 00 Uniform Maximum m 00 1 00 Normal Mean m 00 0 00 Normal Standard deviation m 0 1 00 Lognormal Mean m 00 0 00 Lognormal Standard deviation m 0 1 00 Flood Aggradation type Overbank Floods Occurence frequency Periodic Periodic Period it 1 60 00 Poisson Average period it 1 60 00 Thickness distribution Constant Constant Constant value m 0 02 0 281 00 Uniform Minimum m 0 02 0 28 00 Uniform Maximum m 0 02 1 00 Normal Mean m 0 02 0 28 00 Normal Standard deviation m 0 1 00 Lognormal Mean m 0 02 0 28 00 Lognormal Standard deviation m 0 1 00 Wetland Prop
37. dow Keyv To display the xOy base as a 3D empty cube Key R To rotate the camera Key C HM To display or to hide the real channel In 3D aerial view the whole channel is displayed as it goes inside and outside the domain The LMB Left Mouse Button to vary the 3D point of view The RMB Right Mouse Button can be used to zoom in out 13 12 2013 42 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 4 3 6 2D views in conditioning When well labels is activated Key w a grey label means that the well is inactive no impact on the processes a blue label means that the well is currently attracting the channel sand is requested at well a red label means that the well is repulsing the channel all but the sand is to be deposited at the well a pink label means that the well is totally honoured no more impact 4 3 6 1 Cross sections ESTS mua ESE ER F228 flumy 3 501 Full MINES ParisTech ARMINES well_disorete_1_at_3450x2650 txt SL Y Section 89 X 78 Figure 22 Vertical section with a well In the relevant vertical cross sections each vertical conditioning well is pictured with two columns delimited by vertical red lines The right column represents the current simulation that is being represented in the cross section The left column actually graphically superimposed on the current simulation pictures the well data The horizontal white line across the well indicates the ac
38. e at the same elevation 13 12 2013 74 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 6 4 Additional hints Wavelength The wavelength A of the channel is in the model proportional to the channel depth H approximately 2 800H Sinuosity The actual sinuosity is output in the Status Bar in the bottom of the Interface Window wE lgl gt ess av When the meanders are developing the sinuosity increases with c f Here w channel width H channel mean depth E mean erodibility coefficient I floodplain global slope g 9 81 the gravity Cr friction coefficient fay frequency of avulsions not a direct parameter in Flumy as it must take into account local avulsions in addition to regional ones For a given channel geometry the meanders develop and the sinuosity increases when the avulsion period s is larger Sand proportion N G The Net to Gross forecast is output in the Status Bar in the bottom of the Interface Window Aggradation rate The aggradation rate forecast is output in the Status Bar in the bottom of the Interface Window 13 12 2013 75 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 6 5 Facies and Grain Size 0 0 0625 S y m Ke gt Lie a 0 125 Clay 11 12 0 1875 0 25 0 3125 0 375 0 4375 0 5 0 5625 0 625 0 6875 0 75 0 8125 0 875 0 9375
39. e closure feature in the Well tab see section 3 4 1 The histogram is then recalculated using the limit set by the user 13 12 2013 51 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 4 4 3 5 Conditioning Statistics Statistics are computed on the part of well s that has been simulated possibly including undefined facies They give out of this part the proportion of a given facies on data Data on simulated values Simu as well as the proportion of the same part where the facies is both present on data and on simulation Matching hence the Matching proportion cannot exceed the Data proportion nor the Simu proportion The proportion of exactly honoured data is then given by the Matching proportion when considering all facies The listed facies represent the families of the facies considered as equivalent for the conditioning process see section 4 3 6 1 13 12 2013 52 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 5 Files formats In the following we are giving some general comments on the built up of the files and examples of all file formats These are intended to help the user in building its own files and in exchanging these with other software 5 1 General comments Important note All ASCII files must be encoded with either UTF 8 or ANSI ISO8859 x y coordinates In all imported or exported data files except imported surfaces or imported ero
40. ed Directories ite_ include the snapshot of the simulation as saved at iteration no Each such directory includes in particular Centerline current centerline at this iteration Current parameters SEED current seed EP equilibrium profile elevation Journal file Journal_ jnl Simulation The project folder includes also three or four files the current journal file Flumy jnl and its backup if so the Flumy version number the graphical parameters for each views 13 12 2013 45 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 4 4 2 Exported files These are individual well vertical well located at the intersection of the X and Y cross sections of the main graphical view topography current topography erodibility map current 2D erodibility map centreline current centreline simulation block a 3D regular sub grid for each variable facies grain size and age with a given vertical discretization step that can be directly imported into any software that import ascii files erodibility map built from the centreline to reproduce the channel belt The Emap is obtained by locating anisotropic bumps at channel centerline points making use of the input Extension from channel points as multiple of channel width along X and along Y and around the given mean value Formats of these export files are given in chapter 5 Note The global floodplain slope is not taken into accoun
41. es Number of iterations for this sequence 67 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 5 6 Colours file IN OUT It is used to save the current facies colours from Settings menu Colours are stored as RGB Red Green Blue values Each component is coded between 0 and 1 Note In the data directory you can find two files named mcrc_xxx_colors These files can be directly used in GocadO or Isatis in order to display Flumy facies it contains default colours for all facies Its format is slightly different Output Colours File example 4 1 0 Facies Colourmap Number of facies 3 Colour of facies with RGB components Undefined 60 0 60 0 90 Channel Lag 00 0 50 0 00 Point Bar 1 00 1 00 0 00 Sand Plug 275 0375 0 55 Crevasse Splay I 0 80 0 50 0 20 Splay II Channels 0 80 1 00 0 20 Crevasse Splay II 0 80 0 80 0 20 Levee 0 40 0 80 0 20 Overbank 00 1 00 0 00 Mud Plug 0 00 0 80 0 50 Q hannel Fill 0 50 0 50 0 50 Wetland 0 85 0 45 0 85 Draping 0 60 0 80 0 90 13 12 2013 68 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 6 Additional information 6 1 Range of values When starting a new sequence by using either launch launch until refreshment period an error window may show the parameters out of their range In that case the user must change the value of the parameter before launching the new
42. esaeeessesnecssnsneeceuseeceeuaeseesnseseeensseeeenenees 37 BID 2D YACTIAL EA EEA E A N eel case 38 4 3 4 Vertical section View 40 4 3 3 ET RRE ER 4 3 6 2D views in conditioning ccccccccccccessccceessceeesesseeceesneessescecesuseeecenseeceessaseeensasecenseeeeensnees 43 4 3 6 1 O TN 43 430 2 IN NN 44 4 4 EIER ro Deeg 45 AAD Project BA tia 45 44 2 EXPORT ES A a ERSTE 46 4 4 3 EE 46 4 4 3 1 Vertical proportion curve CV PC ur 47 Ge Proportion Maa ee 49 4 4 3 3 Wells Vertical Proportion CUE anti A a 50 44 34 Wells Histo Stain o 51 4 4 3 5 Conditioning Statistics A AA 52 MESA O 53 5 1 General COMMENIS nie eee anita al 53 5 2 E EE 55 DZ CE UY Generic Grid ET 55 5 2 2 Topography OUNZOUT 56 5 2 3 Erodibility map IN OUT EE 57 9 24 3D block OT a E ele e A E ate ern 58 5 3 Channel centerline IN OUT coonononconnnccnnononononccncnnonononnononnnnnnnnnonconanonnnncnnonnnonenccnnonanenanoos 59 54 O GUL THe NOUT wicca ee EE 60 5 4 1 Format for a vertical well 62 5 4 2 Format for a non vertical well 63 5 4 3 Format for a non standard well 64 5 5 Journal file CIN OUT 0 a Bal AU Ee ae 65 5 6 Colours file CIN OUD iicctanien aa 68 Additional information E 69 6 1 PRAM EOL A A 69 6 27 EE EE st As nh a 12 6 3 EHNEN 74 6 4 Additional hints AAA laine A E EN 75 6 5 le EC Be 76 6 6 SOMETE LE ENC ES LAA canal ua innate lanai aetna nae 77 User S COMME ii a 78 13 12 2013 3 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE D
43. evee and Overbank facies Look at section 6 5 to see grain size distribution for Levee and Overbank facies 13 12 2013 29 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 3 8 Seed Le Flumy 3 5011 Project Stratton Modified JAA File Settings Compute About Initialization Topography Wells Channel Avulsions Aggradation Seed Summary Simulation Seed 1523819887 Launch d Launch Until Refresh Loop Reset If y F d t e Exit Ready iteration 1300 Sam Eq Profile 1000 m Sinuosity 2 25 Upper Limit 0 e Forecast Sand 35 AggradationRate 5m 10000 iterations MINES ARMINES Figure 15 Seed Seed the simulation is stochastic and the seed value typically a natural number with several digits is used to generate the series of random numbers that are used 0 is forbidden A given simulation can be reproduced by taking the same seed value at the beginning of the simulation while keeping the other parameters unchanged On the contrary changing the seed value results in a different equiprobable simulation 13 12 2013 30 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 3 9 Status bar The status bar located at the bottom of the interface window shows several launching options for the simulation see section 4 1 Under the control buttons the following parameters are output status ready simulating curren
44. g Migration is faster with larger width Channel width Channel migration favouring sand its horizontal connectivity sinuosity and mudplug Channel depth Channel migration Channel depth favours sand its vertical connectivity wavelength and mudplug When EP elevation is just above floodplain aggradation is reduced favouring sand and ei Aggradation horizontal connectivity An EP elevation high Equilibrium profile A above floodplain favours aggradatation shale and vertical connectivity of sand Incision When EP is below floodplain E Frequent OB favour aggradation shale and Overbank floods Petre vertical connectivity of sand occurrence EH Frequent OB favour incision since test on accommodation are made at each OB event Overbank floods An High OB intensity favours aggradation shale thickness eet and vertical connectivity of sand Overbank thickness High OB intensity favour aggradation shale Aggradation Ge parameter and vertical connectivity of sand e High frequency of avulsions decreases the EEN Gs of BC of the floodplain High frequency of avulsions gives less time Meandering pattern amp to meander loops to develop ribbon like Avulsion mudplug frequency channels with small sinuosity and less mud regional or local plugs Proportion of point bar Avulsion favours sedimentation over the whole floodplain and increases point bar proportion as several channel deposits are to b
45. he program an interface window opens Parameter values and names of possible data files are to be entered through the tabs of the interface window these are described in this Section 3 Alternatively they can be entered by launching the journal file from a previous simulation see Section 4 1 or by opening an existing Project Folder to re use a previous simulation see Section 4 4 1 Note that when running the program all the inputs as well as the saved simulation results are stored within a Project Folder including the journal files Remark The subdirectory data initially contains examples of channel centerline and erodibility maps as well as examples of journal files and well file Parameters units are Lengths in meters Time either in seconds ex erodibility coefficient 2 E 8 corresponding to velocity in m s orin iterations assuming iteration 1 year In the interface window decimal numbers must be entered with a decimal point or a decimal comma according to the environment in files only decimal point is to be used see chapter 5 The interface window contains several tabs described below Each tab except the Summary tab which gives a summary of the key parameters contains several fields corresponding to the parameters to be informed For some fields a choice of options is proposed by using the Edit button A table giving possible values for key parameters is provided in chapter 6 13 12 2013 8
46. ith variable height informed in facies age and granulometry 13 12 2013 5 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 2 Preamble 2 1 Download and install the software The last demo version of the Flumy software is available in the web site www cg ensmp fr flumy The trial standard or full version is available on demand Download the Flumy archive file to your local computer windows 32 bits windows 64 bits linux 32 bits or linux 64 bits with your linux distribution doesn t have the 32 bits support Extract the contents of the archive file in a directory of yours ex C Program Files windows home user linux A new directory flumy_W XYZ should be created where W XYZ is the Flumy software version number You will find in this directory a bin directory in which there is a program named flumy or flumy exe depending on your Windows Explorer settings Double click on it to start the program The program will ask you to register the software needed only one time If you don t want to register the software yet you can launch the demonstration version otherwise Send us by email the activation code the release version and the program name displayed and we will send back to you the corresponding serial number Each activation code serial number pair is unique by computer Once the software is unlocked the about software window indicates details of the current running version The full set of par
47. le None Elevation offset m o Launch Launch Until Refresh Loop Pause Reset Batti l iter Sequence Skip Sequence jnl Exit Exit f SE Ready iteration 1300 SH Eq Profile 1000 m Sinuosity 2 25 Upper Limit 0 en Forecast Sand 35 Aggradation Rate 5m 10000 iterations MIRES ARMINES Figure 5 Topography 13 12 2013 13 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 3 3 1 Surface Whenever he wants the user can choose to use a surface topography defining its Surface type None No input surface is used either as a Constant Elevation with the Elevation in m including grid elevation see section 3 2 2 oras a File ASCII file at F2G Format see chapter 5 2 1 Then the user has to choose between one of these Operations Replace the current topography by the Imported Surface Aggrade the current topography up to the Imported Surface Erode the current topography down to the Imported Surface Erode the lower part of the simulation up to the Imported Surface Stop the simulation when the Imported Surface is exceeded Upper limit The 4 first cases correspond to a punctual operation the program runs 1 iteration and the user has to switch off this operation to be able to do something else see section 4 1 1 The fifth option is not a punctual operation The user can display the upper limit topography in 2D aerial view
48. levation reference level is displayed as an horizontal black line in vertical sections See section 3 2 2 The current topography if distinct from this level is represented with a line colored as undefined facies where there is no deposit yet Note For convenience the global floodplain slope of the reference plane is neglected in visualisation 13 12 2013 40 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS Keys used to control the vertical section view within a window Key u To display as a black line the upper limit Keyp a To display the equilibrium profile as a blue line on the section Key w To display the well labels see section 4 3 6 for specific well description in vertical section views Key n To display the interpreted facies for well data see Closure limit in section 3 4 1 Key X To choose the number of the vertical cross section in the y z plane Key Y To choose the number of the vertical cross section in the x z plane The LMB Left Mouse Button can be used in vertical section views to zoom on a rectangular area The RMB Right Mouse Button can be used to change the section displayed 13 12 2013 4 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 4 3 5 3D aerial view a m Graphic Window Sieste UE EE ZI ESET dr z Z se B Flumy 3 501 Full gt MINES ParisTech ARMINES Figure 21 3D aerial view Keys used for 3D aerial viewing within a win
49. location origin to be applied to go from the geographical x axis West to East to the new x axis of the working space 13 12 2013 11 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS ie y aa e S Pi y of e y f O A e e D Geographic x axis West to East direction Figure 4 Grid convention Determination of the floodplain 2D grid in the geographical space Note Numbering corresponds to the numbering of x or y sections visible in section views origin of the 2D grid is at the intersection between x section 1 and y section 1 For x and y lags equal to 100 m the above 2D grid size is 600m along x and 300m along y and the simulated domain size 700m along x and 400m along y Number of nodes nx 7 ny 4 3 2 3 Default parameters All Flumy default parameters can be restored by the button Restore default parameters 13 12 2013 12 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 3 3 Topography Flumy 3 501 Project Stratton Modified JAE File Settings Compute About Surface Surface Type File gt Constant Elevation m Ip Topography File File topo txt Operation O Replace by Imported Surface Aggrade up to Imported Surface Erode down to Imported Surface O Erode up to Imported Surface Stop when exceeded Imported Surface Upper limit Filling Facies Undefined 12 Graphical ZCut Topography File 2D grid NX x NY Fi
50. ment period which can be modified in Settings default 100 iterations Exit from the program Note this procedure combined with a Refreshment period of 1 allows to see every step of the simulation However it is slowing down the calculations Remark some operations are punctual events each one being performed exclusively from all other operations in 1 iteration only After this iteration the program pauses whatever was asked and the user has to switch off the operation just performed to do something else These punctual events are in the order they are to be performed import topo in order to replace or aggrade or erode current topography by the imported surface then a new channel is generated import a centerline a new channel is also generated 4 1 2 Reset and journal file Each Launch Launch Launch until or Refreshment loop corresponds to a sequence of or more iterations The simulation is thus processed by sequences of time iterations make a distinction between a sequence of iterations and a geological sequence which can for instance be simulated with several sequences of iterations Some of the parameters sequence parameters can be changed at every sequence The other parameters are initial parameters and will be valid all along the simulation typically the domain to be simulated and conditioning wells The list of the operations performed initial parameter values and the different sequences of iterations
51. nel keeping it away from well locations where OverBank should be deposited Facies data at each well active level considered as attractive Point bar channel lag sand plug and mud plug when the channel elevation is becoming too high channel bottom getting higher that the active level or channel top reaching the level of non replacement facies such as OverBank Then the aggradation is also blocked to favour deposition of sand though not completely see Relaxation section 3 4 1 Levee and equivalent facies data if too far from channel Facies data considered as locally repulsive OverBank or Wetland Levee and equivalent facies if very close to channel well completely honoured In the aerial view a red cross indicates the location of each well When representing the true not pixelized channel a line joins each well to its closest channel point The colour of this line gives the status of the well in term of migration blue when the well is attractive then the closest channel point is defined in term of Von Mises distance d exp dx d favouring upstream points red when the well is repulsive the distance is limited to 6 times the channel width for OverBank and Wetland 2 times it for Levee and equivalent facies and 4 times it for a completely honoured well grey when the well is inactive 13 12 2013 44 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 4 4 Output Different types of
52. op elevation Z_TOP 115 0 4 Attribute description Flumy facies identifiers ATTRIBUTE_COLUMN 1 DEPTH_COLUMN 3 DISCRETE_ATTRIBUTE 1 STANDARD_FACIES 1 Sample bottom point coordinates XS_BOT 5 YS_BOT 6 ZS_BOT 7 Ascil 8 OB 6 60 6 60 6497 3803 108 4 3 PB 8 00 1 40 6496 3803 107 etc 8 OB 96 70 2 10 6418 3818 18 3 The green value always corresponds to Z_TOP Z_ BOTTOM The columns number 2 Flumy facies short name and 4 sample thickness are ignored 13 12 2013 63 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 5 4 3 Format for a non standard well The format for a non standard well is almost the same than a standard one The user must only indicates whether the attribute the interest variable is discrete DISCRETE_ATTRIBUTE 1 or continuous DISCRETE_ATTRIBUTE 0 A non standard well has the following keyword set to 0 STANDARD_FACIES 0 Here is an example of a vertical non standard discrete well Well Location X_WELL 3450 Y_WELL 2650 Bottom elevation Z_BOTTOM 0 Top elevation Z_TOP 25 Deposits From top to bottom Facies_id Facies Depth Thickness Time Warning Depth from top of deposit basis ATTRIBUTE_COLUMN 2 DEPTH_COLUMN 3 DISCRETE_ATTRIBUTE 1 STANDARD_FACIES 0 Ascii Y Silt 2 00 0 005 2 Sand 6 00 0 006 3 Gravel 7 00 0 012 4 Shale 14 75 0 024 5 Sand 20 00 0 007 6 Shale 25 00 0 003
53. or a non standard continuous well DISCRETE_ATTRIBUTE Oor 1 Indicate whether attribute is discrete 1 Flumy facies identifiers or custom categories or not 0 continuous variable STANDARD_FACIES 0 or 1 If attribute is discrete indicate if the attribute corresponds to standard Flumy facies identifiers 1 or custom category 0 AGE_COLUMN Age Age of the sample number of iterations since the simulation beginning only for extracted well DEPTH_COLUMN Depth column index Depth are defined relative Used only in to the top of the well vertical well XS_BOT X sample bottom Sample bottom abscissa in column index geographical system YS_BOT Y sample bottom Sample bottom ordinate in Used only in non column index geographical system vertical well ZS_BOT Z sample bottom Sample bottom elevation in column index geographical system 13 12 2013 61 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 5 4 1 Format for a vertical well Only the facies identifier and the depth are necessary Other variables are ignored in a vertical well The vertical output well file contains the following variables integer facies code compulsory facies short name depth from well top compulsory deposit thickness age of deposit iteration number only for output File example of an extracted well Well extracted from Flumy simulation ix 1 iy
54. ortion 0 0 99 Draping Facies Draping Thickness Exponential Decrease m 1 1000 00 Levee width multiple of channel width 0 05 6 00 Seed Seed 1 165426 2432 1 13 12 2013 71 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 6 2 Usual range of values When starting a simulation by using either launch launch until refreshment period a warning window may show the parameters out of the usual range of values The warning is intended to help the user to choose adequate parameters inform the user that the obtained results may not be realistic Nevertheless the simulation can be run with these parameters Floodplain slope Global Floodplain slope Observed values in natural and experimental systems Minimum Warning message if greater 0 001 0 016 Channel geometry Width to depth relation Compiled from natural and experimental observations the ratio between channel width and depth must be realistic From E Held PhD 2011 Width Mean depth Max depth 50m 3 3m 5m W 10 Hmax 15 Hmean TEEN Se Om 150m 10 m 15m 200 m 13 3 m 20m 300 m 20 m 30m 400 m 26 7 m 40 m 500 m 33 3 m 50m Grid size Grid number of nodes NX x NY Too much grid nodes makes the simulation slow down Warning message if greater Maximum 500 000 1 000 000 Relationship between overbank intensity and overbank frequency Deposited thickness varies with the
55. ortional to the velocity perturbation at its outer bank and to the erodibility The erodibility can be constant over the domain or variable 2D or 3D map Seismic block could be input into Flumy as erodibility map assuming that sand probability property coming from the seismic block can be assimilated to an erodibility coefficient low probability gt low erodibility gt less sand to be deposited high probability gt high erodibility gt more sand to be deposited The user can give Emap Erodibility map mode Constant the erodibility is constant over the domain equal to the erodibility coefficient Loaded from file absolute values IO 1 E 7 possibly an Erodibility map built from the Centerline see section 4 4 2 Loaded from file relative values each value is converted into absolute value see further Dynamic upper limit the upper limit is used as a conditioning stratigraphic top surface Erodibility coefficient real number lt 1 E 7 default 2 E 8 this value was found to produce a realistic channel evolution after Sun 1996 A velocity perturbation of 1 m s then gives a migration of 2 E 8 m per s 1 e 0 3156 m per year This value is preferably not to be changed as this is used by the pre calculator favoring migration can still be obtained by reducing aggradation and avulsions Note erodibility values can vary from 0 to a maximum of 1 E 7 Negative values will be set to 0 V
56. output are available output files of the parameters and the simulation saved within the Project Folder through Save Project in the menu File output files generated through Export in the menu File general statistics about the simulation 4 4 1 Project Folder All the inputs as well as the states of the simulation that the user has saved at different iterations are stored within the Project Folder The user can define a New Project or Open Project in the case he wants to continue a previously saved simulation per default a Project Folder is created named FlumyDefaultW XYZ prj and located into the home folder The user can Save Project to save the results at the current iteration simulation snapshot and thus can save the results at different iterations The user can navigate within the sequence of saved results using Project Navigate Backward and Project Navigate Forward Thus the user can for instance go back to a previously saved simulation and rerun the simulation with a new choice of parameters note that the sequence of saved results will be updated only by a further Save Project The Project Folder is a directory which includes several directories and files centreline directory this includes the channel centerline files used erodibility directory this includes the erodibility map files used topography directory this includes the topography files used wells directory this includes the well files us
57. period value Levee breaches During Aggradation select this option to make levee breaches during overbank floods default is false In the model a levee breach occurs preferentially at banks where the velocity and erodibility are higher It produces either a chute cut off reconnecting the channel at a distance less than 10 times the channel width ora Crevasse Splay of type I CSI erosive and elongated CSI may evolve into a CSII non erosive Crevasse Splay of type II on which CS Channels may be automatically and iteratively added The user can specify The Probability for transition from CSI to CSH default 0 5 The Probability for adding a new CS Channel on CSII default 0 9 Finally CSII may lead to a successful local avulsion new path with the probability oa Sy 5 where S1 and SO are the slopes of the old path and new path downwards 13 12 2013 26 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 3 7 Aggradation Flumy 3 5011 Project Stratton Modified File Settings Compute About Equilibrium Profile Elevation m Changes Never A Edit Variation m Constant 0 c Edit Floo Occurrence Periodic 100 Edit Thickness m Constant 0 359 Edit Wetland Proportion fo Draping Facies Draping lt Thickness Exponential Decrease m 1000 Levee width multiple of channel width e e
58. possibility to load a given channel ASCII file including discretization points of the channel centerline in 2D or 3D in geographical coordinates see format in section 5 3 The first point must be upstream of the domain the last point must be downstream of the domain Loading a centerline corresponds to a punctual operation the program runs iteration and the user has to switch off this operation to be able to do something else see section 4 1 1 The Channel Centerline is saved within the Project Folder when using Save Project in the menu File at the current iteration Further running of the simulation will use the 3 coordinates to locate the channel on top of the previously saved simulation When importing a pre existing Channel Centerline the z coordinate of centerline channel points is not used The channel centerline is placed at the surface of the floodplain topography and the channel cuts through the underlying volume nitial centerline Floodplain surface channel section Figure 11 Channel section The channel is vertically positioned by the elevation of its centerline Changing the width and the depth of the channel cross section does not change this elevation An important exception is when reducing both width and depth to less than La of their previous values Then the elevation of the new centerline corresponds to the bottom of the previous channel this allows building nested channels with the small channel located at the
59. r 13 12 2013 15 flumy3 5_usersguide 3 4 Wells ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS Project Stratton MER File Settings Compute About Relaxation C Closure limit m User classes List well_discrete_2 at 450x2650 txt ai Add Delete Clear m Reset classes from wells Add a class Note Class values and names must not contain any space or special characters Value Name bx E ce gt MO Master EIER leng Jm zB a ser 4 4 9 Finesand Fresand re cl O Master DOE Ge wo O tte 4 ax Shae Shale os gt O Master e 9x Meana we gt El O Master Launch ASS Refresh Loop Refresh Loop Pave Reset Batch L me Sequence kip Sequence inl Eat Se Iteration O Eq Profile 1000 m 13 12 2013 Figure 9 Wells 16 j gt i Na ARMINES flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 3 4 1 Input Wells The Wells can be added before the first iteration before simulation has started Each well should be described in one ASCII file The format of a well ASCII file is given in the section 5 2 9 Well list list of the wells loaded for the conditional simulation The user can Add well s to the list Delete well s or Clear delete all wells from the list In the case a well is not vertical it will be kept as a single well but will be split automatically into pseudo vertical
60. s decrease Relationship between domain margin and domain size Domain margin Floodplain width If the margin is too big toward the floodplain width the simulation will be slow down for nothing no deposit Domain margin should be lt floodplain width Domain margin Floodplain length If the margin is too big toward the floodplain length the simulation will be slow down for nothing no deposit Domain margin should be lt floodplain length Relationship between exponential thickness decrease and channel width Exponential thickness decrease To preserve appropriate alluvium lateral extension toward the global Channel width channel shape Channel width should be lt exponential thickness decrease 13 12 2013 73 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 6 3 Some sensibility analysis In the following we are presenting the major role of parameters As there are many cross influences the table is just intended to show the influence of the variation of one parameter the others remaining unchanged Process influenced Consequence Global Floodplain slope Channel migration Length of meander loops Steeper slope slightly increases the velocity of migration and the length of meander loops Migration is faster with larger erodibility Erodibility Channel migration favouring sand its horizontal connectivity sinuosity and mudplu
61. s never Variation in meters variations of the elevation when changes occur can be constant or follow a probability distribution whose parameters are to be chosen uniform between a min and a max normal with given mean and standard deviation lognormal with mean and standard deviation of this not of its log Note Variations can be positive or negative The elevation of the Equilibrium profile is output in the Status bar see section 3 9 To deactivate the equilibrium profile set a very high elevation and never change its value 3 7 2 Flood The options for Aggradation type are None No aggradation Draping At each occurrence a constant Draping layer thickness is deposited everywhere on the floodplain to build a basement at the beginning of the simulation with a thickness exceeding the maximal channel depth or to protect a imported topography surface from being incised by the channel with a thickness exceeding the maximal channel depth to simulate external sediment deposition Note Draping is not affected by the Equilibrium Profile Wetland Proportion is inactive when draping is used 13 12 2013 28 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS Overbank Floods At each occurrence alluviums are deposited on the floodplain starting from the channel to the maximal distant Occurrence default is periodic 60 in number of iterations draping or overbank floods can occur never
62. sed to control the 2D aerial view within a window Keye A To display the erodibility map When displaying the erodibility map the facies are hidden The erodibility has the following colour scale 0 1 E 7 Figure 19 Scale of erodibility from 0 black and low values red up to 1 E 7 dark green Key EN To display an horizontal section Z slice The user must indicates the elevation of the horizontal section in the popup Window Press Close to return to 2D aerial view Key C ns To display or to hide the real channel In 2D aerial view grey arrows at centerline points indicate 500 times the migration assuming an erodibility equal to 2e 8 In presence of conditioning wells blue arrows are increased by a factor of 2 corresponding to forced migration Red arrows are reduced corresponding to forced repulsion See also section 4 3 6 Key u To display the current upper limit Only the part of the simulation above this topography is displayed The rest of the deposits is white See section 3 3 Key w To display the well labels Well locations are always displayed as a red cross The LMB Left Mouse Button can be used in 2D aerial view to zoom on a rectangular area 13 12 2013 39 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 4 3 4 Vertical section view Graphic Window HSH RR Ses Monu zz ce 9 Flumy 3 501 Full gt MINES ParisTech d ARMINES xX Section 16 Y 80 Figure 20 Vertical X section The e
63. t in the output files nor in the input files as it is easier to go directly between the horizontally flat reference system of Flumy simulation and the geographical system of the actual reservoir 4 4 3 General statistics These are available through the menu Compute 13 12 2013 46 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 4 4 3 1 Vertical proportion curve VPC File Graphics 28 Al Figure 24 Vertical Proportion Curve It corresponds to a cumulative histogram of the proportions of the different facies calculated level by level parallel to the reference plane Several options are available on the window Vertical proportion curve The VPC is computed over a given interval default overall thickness of deposits specifying Either number of levels discretization of the interval Or thickness thickness of each unitary level and use elevation limits to give the limits of the selected interval can be used with the option number of levels or thickness By default the graphic window displays VPC including all facies present in the simulation with same colors as in the simulation 13 12 2013 47 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS On the graphic window Vertical proportion curve Through the menu Graphics one can Remove data to remove a facies from the histogram Concatenate data then a new name has to be given to the new facies Classify data opens the
64. t iteration updated at every refreshment loop current elevation of the equilibrium profile the current sinuosity approximated as full channel length divided by its curvilinear length when using an upper limit the percentage of surface that is above this upper limit the forecast of sand proportion in and aggradation rate in m 10000 iterations these are supposed to give an order of magnitude for Net to Gross and for aggradation rate according to heuristic formulas the values are updated using the current parameters only when the simulation has been launched 13 12 2013 31 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 4 Simulation visualisation and results Outputs are available through the status bar at the bottom of the interface window see section 3 9 as text giving the list of simulated events and actions on Linux in the terminal from which the software is run on Windows or Linux in the Messages Window in one or several graphic windows as output files 4 1 Launch 4 1 1 Direct launch Directly from the interface window lower tool bar or from the File menu the user can Launch the simulation Pause the simulation Launch until a given iteration number default the next iteration The window opens giving the elapsed time and the remaining time for the launched simulation use Refreshment loop to launch the simulation for a number of iterations equal to the Refresh
65. tive level under which all data have been validated One desirable reason for a facies data to be validated is its being honoured by the deposition of the same facies or of an equivalent facies point bar channel lag and sand plug are considered equivalent levee crevasse splays and crevasse channel are also considered as equivalent However though the conditioning process aims at reproducing at best the local conditions of depositions it is not 100 exact This results in some facies data to be validated while not being honoured For instance an OverBank sediment data where a different facies would have been deposited is automatically validated for not being a replacement facies OverBank cannot be any further honoured Similarly when the active level is becoming too deep in practice at more than 80 of the maximum channel depth from the current topography at the well it is updated by validating the corresponding data But the data is possibly misfit i e not honoured 13 12 2013 43 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 4 3 6 2 Aerial view EES e Graphic Window Elf RR Jemp e Figure 23 Attractive well left and repulsive well right The conditioning process is essentially based on temporary modifications of parameters like the erodibility in order to attract in migration or avulsion the channel to well data where for instance sand should be deposited or to repulse the chan
66. ttom to 0m and top to 21m will remove all unavailable data from the VPC black Another way to obtain a cropped simulation without any empty space is to erode the simulation with a constant surface from the bottom to 0m and from the top to 21m using the Surface eroion punctual operations see section 3 3 1 13 12 2013 48 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS 4 4 3 2 Proportion Matrix aon Proportion Matrix n ob o L A D i D oo D E L D oo k pa i ka N N Li i N IM N ds E N D N 4 N ka gt pa o pa we pas 2 28 1 I gt i 4 1 4 4 4 pa La m pa a he ka i N fe D N MM N co MAA N N de oe oh E 1 N ii N H D La co i may pa Va o pa pa pi a La kal Li N D 0 N ae js N H N Y nN de E N i D de co o ka pa pas pa ka D T N N N de E N A E D IP N de E D D o Oo of pa A pa o pas put pal pa ki nN N co i N A D N b D N de o N de oo N D co ka i o La kal ka ra pad pus D M N i MM N A E N de E D m N de oo E D D E CH Figure 25 Vertical Proportion Matrix domain split 8x8 The overall 2D domain can be divided along Ox and Oy axes VPC is then computed within each sub domain Options are similar to Vertical proportion curve see section 4 4 3 1 13 12 2013 49 flumy3
67. ute update also the grid size The user always keeps a direct access to the usual Flumy parameters In particular he can use the non expert user facilities for a first guess of the parameters Note that the pre calculator like the forecast tool section 3 8 is based upon formula developed for Flumy that aim at giving only orders of magnitude 3 2 2 Domain Grid Lags mesh size of the grid along Flumy Ox and Oy axes real numbers in meters default 20 20 Size of the 2D grid the user has the possibility to enter the size through one of the two options Give Grid Sizes in meters along Ox and Oy axes default 2000 1600 Give Number of Nodes along Ox and Oy axes default nx 101 ny 81 Note When choosing one option the data of the other option will be automatically calculated and displayed on the dialog window Simulations with a number of nodes nx ny above 500000 may be slow The maximal number of nodes nx ny is 1 000 000 Grid Location in m real numbers in meters giving the Longitude and the Latitude coordinates of the origin of the 2D grid standard way southwestern point of the grid equivalently cell center default 0 0 Grid Elevation in m at the origin giving the elevation reference level default 0 This is displayed as a black horizontal line in vertical section views Grid Rotation angle in degrees default 0 counted anticlockwise giving the rotation around the grid
68. window Classify Dialog where facies order can be changed by using the up down buttons choice to be validated before closing the window Switch orientation vertical lt gt horizontal the proportions are still calculated vertically Show removed data removed data are displayed in white Show unavailable data by default in black VPC is presented as 100 of the present facies including the possible proportion of level which is not informed Change data colors new facies colors do not apply to simulation only VPC Background color color of the background on which the diagram is displayed Through the menu File one can Save the proportions in a text file Update the proportions Cancel previous operations made by using 3 first Graphics menu options operations remove concatenate classify are cancelled one by one Change parameters go back to the parameters window Vertical proportion curve Proportion slices save a slice ASCII file giving the VPC of each grid cell for a given vertical interval Statistics display the proportions for each VPC level where user can then saves it into an ASCII file Print print or save the image in postscript format The global statistics whole simulation can be edited by choosing a number of levels equal to 1 through the overall thickness of the deposits The bottom and top elevation can be used to crop the VPC so that a full filled block will be considered In the previous example setting bo
69. with their parameter values is automatically recorded in a journal file stored in the Project Folder see section 4 4 1 13 12 2013 32 flumy3 5_usersguide ARMINES ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS From the interface window lower tool bar or from the File menu the user can also Reset the simulation to start a new simulation Then the user has the possibility to replay the sequences that were automatically recorded in the old journal file The options are the same than when launching a journal file see just further Note When using the Reset button the saved results within the Project Folder are deleted From the File menu the user can also Launch journal file to launch a simulation according to the parameters stored in a previous journal file Then from either the interface window lower tool bar or the File menu the user can Choose Batch to execute the journal file with no stop Choose lter Sequence to execute the next sequence of iterations of the journal file Skip sequence of the journal file and Jnl Exit from the journal jnl file Of course the user can also introduce additional Launch between the sequences that were recorded in the journal file 4 1 3 Saving a Project The user can save the project at the current iteration using the menu option File Save Project Each time the user save a project a simulation snapshot is stored into the project folder see section 4 4 1 The user can s

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