Linktropy Mini2 User's Guide
Contents
1. revert to Bridging Mode click on the link 57 to Bridging Mode Bridge Route settings are not stored with emulation parameters and will not change when a stored emulation is loaded Bridging Mode In Bridging Mode the Linktropy device functions as a bridge between the Ethernet segments connected to the LAN A and LAN B ports In this mode it can forward any Ethernet based frame regardless of network layer protocol including IP IPv6 IPX and AppleTalk Link Emulation Bridge Route Device Settings Save ILoad Upgrade Bridging Mode 6 switch to IP Routing Mode Emulation Bypass i O Multicast Learning Bridge i L Enable MAC address learning filtering Apply Changes Clear Changes Figure 6 Bridging Mode APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EAsY TM LiNKTROPY 2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 22 Emulation Bypass By default all frames brideed by the Linktropy device are assumed to be part of the WAN traffic and are subjected to the configured WAN link conditions This includes ARP and multicast traffic which may be processed or filtered prior to traversal of the WAN link The Emulation Bypass row is used to specify whether ARP and multicast frames are to be included as part of the WAN traffic ot bypass the WAN emulation ARP and multicast frames will bypass the WAN emulation when the corresponding boxes are checked Frames that bypass the WAN emulation are not subjected to loss or delay and do n2. WAN EMULATION MADE EASY TM LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 34 A table of statistics displays the following real time data in each direction e Transmission Count Bytes number of bytes transferred over the emulated link Frames number of Ethernet frames transferred over the emulated link e Drops Loss number of frames dropped due to packet loss BER number of frames dropped due to bit errors Queue number of frames dropped due to configured queuing limits Total total number of frames dropped due to loss BER and queuing limits Percent total number of dropped frames as a percentage of the total number of frames received ARP Table The ARP Table page displays the current ARP table for the device In Bridging Mode the ARP table only contains entries used for device management In IP Routing Mode the ARP table includes entries for the MGMT LAN A and LAN B interfaces To update the display with the current contents of the ARP table click the Refresh button at the top of the page APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 35 10 COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Management and configuration of the Linktropy Mini including the setting of all emulation parameters is via the Linktropy GUI The Linktropy Mini also includes a command line interface CLI with a limited feature set that can be accessed via the CONSOLE interface or through a Telnet connectio
3. 1 Emulated packet loss Frames are randomly discarded based on the specified packet loss rate Since frame discard occurs after the frames have been rate throttled discarded frames will consume link bandwidth 2 Emulated bit errors Frames are randomly discarded based on the specified bit error rate Since this discard also occurs after the frames have been rate throttled discarded frames will consume link bandwidth 3 Queue drops If frames arrive faster than they can be transmitted over the emulated link excess frames will be queued to the specified maximum queue depth Once the queue is full additional frames are discarded These dropped frames do not consume WAN bandwidth When functioning as a bridge the Linktropy WAN Emulator is not limited to emulating IP netwotks but can emulate any type of network so long as the traffic is encapsulated in Ethernet In addition to IP the device can be used with IPv6 IPX AppleTalk SCPS and proprietary network and transport layer protocols Linktropy Configuration Configuration of the Linktropy Mini WAN Emulator is primarily through the browser based Linktropy GUI Graphical User Interface The GUI is accessible from any PC or other device with a standard web browser Management connectivity is via a dedicated Ethernet management interface on the Linktropy WAN Emulator or in band through the LAN or LAN B interface See Section 3 for mote information on the Linktropy GUI In addition t
4. component itself accompanies the executable If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code 4 You may not copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License Any attempt otherwise to copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this License However parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance 5 You are not required to accept this License since you have not signed it However nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License Therefore by modifying or distributing the Program or any work based on the Program you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so and all its terms and conditions for copying distributing or modifying the Program or wotks based on it 6 Each time you redistribute the Program or any work based on the Program the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy distribute or
5. ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU Term and Termination This agreement takes effect upon your use of the software and remains effective until terminated You may terminate it at any time by destroying all copies of the Software and Documentation in your possession This license will terminate immediately if you fail to comply with any term or condition of this agreement You agree on termination of this license to cease all use of the Software and Documentation In addition the provisions of the sections U S Government Restricted Rights and Export shall survive termination of this agreement Export The Product including the underlying technology is subject to U S export control laws and may be subject to export or APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LiNKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 41 import regulations in other countries You may not export or import the Product and the underlying technology directly or indirectly in violation of these laws You agree to comply strictly with all such laws and regulations and acknowledge that you have the responsibility to obtain such licenses to export re export or import as may be required U S Govemment Restricted Rights The Software and Documentation qualify as commercial computer software and commercial computer software documentation pursuant to FAR 12 212 and DFAR 227 7202 The Software and Documentation are being licensed to U S Government e
6. INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFIIS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE Yahoo User Interface Library Copyright c 2006 Yahoo Inc All rights reserved Redistribution and use of this software in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LiNKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 44 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution Neither the name of Yahoo Inc nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software wit
7. INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 43 ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many individuals on behalf of the PHP Group The PHP Group can be contacted via Email at group php net For more information on the PHP Group and the PHP project please see lt http www php net gt This product includes the Zend Engine freely available at lt http www zend com gt LightIPD Copyright c 2004 Jan Kneschke incremental All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions ate met Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution Neither the name of the incremental nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES
8. MGMT interface can be reached through the LAN A and LAN B interfaces When this feature is enabled in IP Routing Mode the device can be managed using the MGMT LAN A or LAN B interface addresses For maximum performance this feature should be disabled if not required Ethemet Ports The Linktropy Mini includes three 10 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet interfaces labeled LAN A LAN B APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE Easy IM LiNKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 26 and MGMT By default all Ethernet interfaces are set to auto negotiate the proper speed and duplex settings It is strongly recommended to keep the interfaces set to auto negotiate unless auto negotiation is not working properly Only the LAN A and LAN B interfaces can be set to override auto negotiation Use the drop down menu to disable auto negotiation and force the interface to a particular setting If full duplex is selected manually the device the interface is connected to must be forced to the same setting APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LiNKTROPY 2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 27 7 LOAD TAB Save Load and Delete Named Emulations Use the Save Load tab to store emulation parameters to a named configuration or to reload a previously stored emulation The Save Load tab also provides the ability to rename and delete stored emulations Radio buttons on the left side of the tab are used to select between
9. Save Load and Delete operations Link Emulation Bridge Route Device Settings Save 1 Upgrade Group 1 high speed link rename group Slot 1 Name test run 1 Description 45 Mbps loss short delay Save Cancel Figure 9 Save Load Tab Save and load operations only save or load the emulation parameters from the Link Emulation tab Other device configuration parameters including the settings from the Bridge Route tab and the Device Settings tab are not affected by saving or loading an emulation APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE Easy IM LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 28 Save Emulation The Save screen is used to store the current emulation parameters as named emulation Emulations are stored on the Linktropy device Twenty named emulations can be stored in each of 10 groups for a total of 200 separate emulations Groups can be used to separate emulations by project date netwotk user or any other criteria If the Save screen is not displayed click on the Save radio button To save an emulation first select a Group from the drop down menu next to Group Then pick a slot number from the drop down menu next to 5 o Until a slot is selected the name and description fields and the Save button remained grayed out Select an empty slot or write over an existing configuration Once the slot is selected the Name and
10. address of the opposite interface For example if a packet is received on the LAN A interface and has a destination address on subnet that is not directly connected to either the LAN or LAN B interface the packet is forwarded across the emulated link to the LAN APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE Easy IM LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 23 B gateway router Packets that ate forwarded out the same interface on which they were received do not traverse the emulated WAN link Packets ate never forwarded between the MGMT and LAN or LAN B interfaces Routing Mode supports only the forwarding of IP frames and does not support multicast forwarding Link Emulation Bridge Route Device Settings Save Load Upgrade IP Routing Mode switch to Bridging Mode Address Netmask Gateway 10 1 0 100 255 255 255 0 10 1 0 1 10 2 0 100 255 255 255 0 Figure 7 Routing Mode IP Addresses In IP Routing Mode an IP address and netmask must be configured for the LAN A and LAN B interfaces Use of the gateway field is optional All addresses are entered in dotted decimal notation If a gateway address is set it must be on the same subnet as the corresponding LAN A or LAN B address If a gateway address is set for only one interface then the Linktropy Mini will use this address as its default next hop router When gateway addresses are set for both interfaces the default next hop router f
11. are configured as bit error rates packet loss rates or both Losses due to packet loss and bit errors are emulated independently and may be combined to emulate links with physical layer corruption as well as congestion induced packet loss For a lossless link set the packet loss rate and bit error rate to 0 The default setting is for a lossless link Packet loss rates can be set from 0 100 in increments of 0 00015 Bit error rates can take values of 1 10 4 or greater and are entered in scientific notation The coefficient of the rate the field on the left must be entered as a value greater than or equal to 0 and less than 10 The exponent may be between 1 and 14 The minus sign 1s supplied and only the digits of the exponent should be entered in the exponent field Losses are assumed to occur over the WAN link itself Discarded packets therefore consume WAN bandwidth For example if a 1 Mbps link is specified to have a 10 packet loss rate the maximum possible average throughput is 900 Kbps APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE Easy IM LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 19 Advanced Parameters To view and configure advanced emulation parameters click on the show link next to the Advanced Parameters label Note that even when hidden the advanced parameter settings are used in the emulation The advanced parameters section cannot be hidden when any of the entered values are invalid Queue Depth T
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14. of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices Many people have made generous contributions to the wide APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY o O a LiNKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 48 range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system it is up to the author donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License 8 If the distribution and or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded In such case this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License 9 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and or new versions of the General Public License from time to time Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address new problems ot concerns Each version is given a distinguishing version number If the Program specifies a version number of
15. this License which applies to it and any later version you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation If the Program does not specify a version number of this License you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation 10 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different write to the author to ask for permission software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation write to the Free Software Foundation we sometimes make exceptions for this Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally NO WARRANTY 11 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION 12 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQ
16. 4 4 Link Emulation Tab Link Emulation Parameter Configuration ee eese tette tnnt ttn 15 Basic Parameters assis 17 e e eer 17 Delay epp PPS 17 LOSS 18 Adyahced Paratmetets pasaq etienne ear 19 Qu sue 19 JErarmi ecOverbhedd a M 19 5 Bridee Route T 21 Bridging 21 Emulation Bypass EET T 22 Learning BrHdoeg 22 IP Routine e 22 E huc N 23 G Settings m 24 Device 24 MGME etse eo 25 Mariaeem entuaAee SSa ga sasanananauanahawaaqaqaQanqaaanaqaqanaaanahaqhaqqnanqaqayaawqiqasasa 25 Bihernet Ports i sgh deas ende inet deett Sha gana E e ete be it t eR ERI RA RR 25 T Save Load Labazsuscnanami tane mom Ra DG ida ad e ue B nS 27 Save EMIGO gniis ritar tre hr EH EGRE e REIR a LS RETIA RI Pe TEGERE RR RESTER TEETH REESE ER Re ERE eee de ad 28 Load Emulation teet extat ee 28 Delete Emulation cere pp Eae eia
17. Apposite s Return Material Authorization RMA procedures Any repaired or replaced Software or Hardware will be warranted for the remainder of the original Warranty Period or thirty 30 days whichever is longer Disclaimer of Warranties THE FOREGOING LIMITED WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS EXPRESS OR IMPLIED AND APPOSITE DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF TITLE NONINFRINGEMENT MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS AND YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS WHICH VARY BY JURISDICTION Limitation of Liability REGARDLESS WHETHER ANY REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN FAILS OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE IN NO EVENT WILL APPOSITE OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY LOST PROFTIS BUSINESS INTERRUPTION LOSS OF INFORMATION OR OTHER INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES HOWEVER CAUSED AND REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF LIABILITY OR WHETHER ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT AND EVEN IF APPOSITE OR IIS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES IN NO EVENT SHALL APPOSITE OR ITS SUPPLIERS LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCH BREACH OF WARRANTY OR OTHERWISE EXCEED THE PRICE PAID FOR THE PRODUCT SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES SO THE
18. Description fields become active If an existing emulation is selected the Name and Description of the emulation are shown and may be edited If an empty slot 15 selected the Name and Description fields are blank The Name field must be filled in The Description field is only for reference to record identifying details of the emulation and may be left blank Once the Group and Slot are selected and a Name assigned the Save button becomes active Press Save to store the emulation The preset group names of Group 1 through Group 10 can be changed by clicking the Rename link adjacent to the Group drop down list When the link is clicked a name field will appear Enter the new name and click App to set the Group name or click Cancel to cancel the Group rename process Changing the name of a Group does not affect the emulations stored in that Group Load Emulation Previously stored emulations can be reloaded from the Load screen Click the Load radio button to display the Load screen To load an emulation first select the Grozp from the drop down list Only Groups that contain stored emulations are shown Next select a stored emulation from the Name drop down list The emulation description will be displayed Clicking the display configuration link will show a description of the configuration in a pop up window If this is the correct emulation click the Load button to restore the emulation Once the emulation has been loaded the emu
19. EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 7 Linktropy Operation The Linktropy Mini emulates a wide area network link between two local networks Depending on configuration the Linktropy device is installed as either a bridge or a router between the Ethernet segments connected to the LAN and LAN B ports of the unit Frames received on one port are subjected to the emulated WAN conditions before being forwarded to the opposite port Frames are processed by the Linktropy WAN Emulator in the following steps 1 Ethernet frames arrive on the LAN or LAN B interface of the Linktropy Mini 2 The effective size of the frame is calculated as the data portion of the Ethernet frame without the Ethernet header or FCS plus the configured value for framing overhead 3 Frames are throttled to the specified WAN bandwidth Frames in excess of the specified WAN bandwidth are queued to the configured maximum queue depth When the queue is full newly arriving frames are discarded 4 Frames are subjected to random discard based on the configured packet loss and bit error parameters 5 Frames remaining after the discard procedure are held for the specified link delay Frames are not reordered in this step even if subjected to differing delays For example if the delay is specified as a uniform distribution between 10 and 100 ms and the first frame is subjected to a 90 ms delay and the second frame is subjected to a 20 ms delay the second frame can not be transmitt
20. LINKTROPY MIN WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE Firmware Version 3 0 elexo CAPPOSITES Groupe Bul TECHNOLOGIES Linktropy Mini WAN Emulator User s Guide Revision 3k October 2011 ELEXO 20 Rue de Billancourt 92100 Boulogne Billancourt T l phone 33 0 1 41 22 10 00 T l copie 33 0 1 41 22 10 01 Courriel info elexo fr TVA FR00722063534 Apposite Technologies Inc 11500 W Olympic Blvd Suite 510 tel 1 310 477 9955 Los Angeles CA 90064 USA fax 1 310 477 9956 www apposite tech com email info apposite tech com Copyright 2005 2011 Apposite Technologies Inc All rights reserved Apposite and Linktropy are registered trademarks of Apposite Technologies Inc The Apposite logo and WAN Emulation Made Easy are trademarks of Apposite Technologies Inc Part No DOC UG LM2 3k CONTENTS nts 5 Linktropy Product Family iuto rrr rro 5 LanktrOpy Icio M 6 Linktropy GOnfIeutation a 8 2 Getting Started Installing the Linktropy Mini WAN Ezatfhabr sees eee ttes 9 os Iinkttopy GL aan a ed e tee a epe irte eed Sahanaya Vea deret nde ete ate 12 oaa EC EEE Sanpa sasa 12 Meri C 13 Emulation On Off xu itam minim mirum eased 13 Message Bat c 1
21. S 232 serial port running terminal emulation software such as HyperTerminal or PuTTY Hardware Installation Plug in the supplied AC to DC power adaptor to the DC power input on the back of the unit The Power LED on the front panel will glow green and the system will be available for use within 60 seconds IP Address Configuration via the Linktropy GUI To configure the management interface using the Linktropy GUI Configure PC running a supported web browser with an IP address on the 10 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 subnet APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE Easy IM LiNKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 10 Connect an Ethernet cable between the PC and the MGMT port of the Linktropy Mini2 Open the browser on the PC and enter http 10 0 0 10 the preconfigured management address in the address bar The Linktropy End User License Agreement will be displayed in a separate window O Review the License Agreement The Linktropy GUI will be displayed once the License Agreement is accepted The Linktropy GUI will open to the Device Settings tab If desired modify the IP address netmask and default gateway for the management interface Click the Apply Changes button when done Once the management interface has been configured use the Ethernet cable to connect the port to the management network Operation LAN A LAN B Install the Linktropy Mini between two LAN C segments as show
22. UIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES INCLUDING ANY GENERAL SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 49 elexo Groupe Bul ELEXO 20 Rue de Billancourt 92100 Boulogne Billancourt T l phone 33 0 1 41 22 10 00 T l copie 33 0 1 41 22 10 01 Courriel info elexo fr TVA FR00722063534 Apposite Technologies Inc 11500 W Olympic Blvd Suite 510 tel 1 310 477 9955 Los Angeles CA 90064 USA fax 1 310 477 9956 www apposite tech com email info apposite tech com APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY
23. ake restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software or if you modify it For example if you distribute copies of such a program whether gratis for a fee you must give the recipients all the rights that you have You must make sure that they too receive or can get the source code And you must show them these terms so they know their rights We protect your rights with two steps 1 copyright the software and 2 offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy distribute and or modify the software Also for each author s protection and ours we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software If the software is modified by someone else and passed on we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors reputations Finally any free program is threatened constantly by software patents We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses in effect making the program proptietary To prevent this we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone s free use or not licensed at all The precise terms and conditions for copying distribution and modificat
24. ame is also shown at the top of the Status Box and on the browser title bar APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE Easy IM LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 25 MGMT interface The MGMT Interface row is used to set the IP address of the Linktropy management interface the subnet mask and the IP address of the default gateway All values are entered in dotted decimal notation If the entered IP address and default gateway address are not on the same subnet or if either address is the all zeros or all ones subnet address then a red error box will be drawn around the MGMT Interface row when the Apply Changes button is pressed and the changes will not be applied When the IP address of the Linktropy device is changed connectivity to the Linktropy GUI will be lost and a link to the newly configured IP address will be displayed in the Message Bar If the new address is reachable from the browser click on this link to reconnect to the Linktropy GUI A If you cannot regain connectivity to the Linktropy Mini after a change to the network settings use the CONSOLE interface to verify or change the network settings Management Access By default the Linktropy GUI is accessible only through the MGMT interface Checking the box labeled Allow management through LAN A B enables management from directly connected devices on the LAN A or LAN B network When this feature is enabled in Bridging Mode the IP address of the
25. atus messages are displayed Confirmation messages ate displayed on a blue background Alert messages are displayed on a red background APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY TM LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 15 4 LINK EMULATION TAB Link Emulation P arameter Configuration The Link Emulation tab contains all of the parameters for link emulation Each parameter can be configured separately for traffic from LAN A to LAN B and from LAN B to LAN A Basic parameter settings ate always visible on the Link Emulation tab Advanced parameters which generally only need adjustment for specialized conditions are hidden by default To display the advanced parameters click the sow link Click the Aide link to hide them again if desired The active configuration is not modified until the 45p y Changes button at the bottom of the tab is pressed The Apply Changes button is grayed out when there no changes to apply It is also grayed out if there are any invalid entries To return to the active configuration without applying any changes press the Clear Changes button When the App y Changes button is pressed final validation of the configuration is performed If there are no errors in the configuration the new configuration will take effect and the message Configuration Updated will be displayed in the Message Bar If there are any errors in the configuration a red box will be displayed around the invalid field
26. btaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files the Software to deal in the Software without restriction including without limitation the rights to use copy modify merge publish distribute sublicense and or sell copies of the Software and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so subject to the following conditions The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software The name and trademarks of copyright holders may NOT be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to the Software without specific wtitten prior permission Title to copyright in this Software and any associated documentation will at all times remain with copyright holders THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT TORT OR OTHERWISE ARISING FROM OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LiNKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 45 GNU Software Linktropy Software incorporates open source program files distributed under the GNU General Public License GPL ve
27. cannot be recovered after a reboot or power cycle of the device APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 33 10 072 10 Linktropy Monitor Microsoft Insernet Explorer PP0SI Stem Mene Ce LAN A LAN B Rate 5000 Mops Delayrt Lossi0 1 0 Queue 250 ex Transmission Count Drops Bytes Frames Loss BER Queue Total Percent 62 920 939 504 292 895 0 895 0 101 Average Tx Rue Transmission Rate ts intervals 2 00 Mbps 1 sec 580 1 Kbps 150 Mbps 10 sec 739 8 Kbps 1 00 Mbps 1 min 815 7 Kbps 500 Kbps 10 min 020 7 Kbps 10 min 8 min 6 ma 4 min 2 min 19 0507 LAN B LAN A Kate 4500 Mipr Delay 6 me LowerO05 Queusr260 ma Transmission Count Drops Bytes Fremes Loss BER Queue Total Percent 2 543 904 A28 1 675 938 ass 0 856 0 0510 Average Tx Rate Transmission Rate ts intervals 50 0 Mbps 1 sec 17 89 Mbps 37 5 Mbps 10 sec 29 62 Mbps 250 Mbps 1 min 22 2 Mb 2 ps 125 Mbps 10 min 33 53 Mbps 10 min B min 6 min 4 min 2 min 19 0505 Figure 11 Monitor Window Graphs show the transmission rate in each direction for the previous 10 minutes based on 1 second samples The y axis automatically adjusts to the maximum transmission rate over the period The average transmission rates for the past 1 second 10 seconds 1 minute and 10 minutes are also displayed in tabular form next to the graph APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES
28. e epe lente R ERA 29 e Upgrade Tabi 30 Upgrade 30 Jacense EEEE EEE EE Daun uuu uD D Sag ND LRL 31 9 Monitor Windora ic eret eo e a aw aO na dU Fee te e REA amu some 32 DEALS TICS chaz E 32 Du 34 10 C Cet 35 GLE Command Syntax de rete t E e e EURO LE ha n 36 11 Apposite Support 38 Appendix End User Lacense i ete poros tens asi 39 Appendix B 42 LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 5 1 OVERVIEW Thank you for purchasing Apposite Technologies Linktropy Mini WAN Emulator This User s Guide describes the installation configuration and operation of the Linktropy functionality Please consult the companion Hardware Guide for information on the Linktropy Mini hardware separate Quick Start Guide provides walk through for first time configuration Linktropy Product Family The Linktropy Mini is a portable low cost member of the Linktropy WAN Emulator product family designed primarily to emulate basic WANN conditions for customer demonstrations of networking products and application development of client server systems Its small size and light weight make it easy to carry while its fanless design and solid state storage offer extra reliability for frequent shipping Other tha
29. ed until after the first frame has been transmitted This effect can skew the measured mean delay to be higher than the configured value when using a normal or uniform distribution 6 Frames are bridged or routed to the opposite LAN interface and transmitted to the destination addtess Frames are subject to three separate delays 1 Propagation delay Delay caused by the distance the signal travels This delay is emulated as the specified link delay 2 Queuing delay If frames arrive faster than they can be transmitted over the WAN link they are held awaiting their slot for transmission The actual queuing delay will vary depending on how quickly frames arrive compared to how quickly they can be transmitted The maximum queuing delay is determined by the maximum queue depth which can be set in milliseconds bytes or packets 3 Transmission delay The time to transmit the individual bits in each frame is an additional delay that can be significant for large frames over low speed links For example the transmission of a APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE Easy IM LiNKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 8 1500 byte frame over 9 800 bps link adds 1 25 seconds The transmission delay is fixed by the frame size and link bandwidth Only the propagation delay is specified directly as an emulation parameter The end to end delay is the sum of the three individual delays Frames are subject to three separate types of loss
30. he Queue Depth row specifies the maximum amount of data that will be buffered when data is received at a rate exceeding the emulated link rate Any frames that arrive when the queue is full are discarded The queue depth can be set as a maximum numbers of packets maximum amount of data in kilobytes or a maximum queuing delay in milliseconds The queue depth is specified separately for each direction Valid entries are limited to 10 000 packets KB or milliseconds By default the queue depth is set to 250ms For most netwotks this setting will lead to few packet drops but the queuing delay can reach 250ms in each direction A smaller queue depth will lead to a smaller maximum delay but potentially more dropped packets If possible specify the queue depth and units to match the queuing behavior of the WAN transmission equipment on the network being emulated Framing Overhead Framing overhead is the number of additional bytes required by a link layer technology when transmitting a packet of data Typically the framing overhead consists of link layer addressing and error checking information To emulate a link layer technology with a particular framing overhead select the value from the drop down list if available or choose Custom and enter the specific value To emulate the traversal of a frame over a link the Linktropy WAN Emulator calculates the effective size of the frame as the data portion of the Ethernet frame without the Ether
31. hout specific prior written permission of Yahoo Inc THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE Click License Portions of this software are subject to the license below The relevant source files are cleatly marked they refer to this file using the phrase the Click LICENSE file This license is an MIT license plus a clause taken from the W3C license requiring prior written permission to use our names in publicity The AUTHORS file lists the people who have contributed to this software c 1999 2007 Massachusetts Institute of Technology c 2000 2007 Mazu Netwotks Inc c 2001 2007 International Computer Science Institute c 2004 2007 Regents of the University of California Permission is hereby granted free of charge to any person o
32. ion follow APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LiNKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 46 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0 This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License The Program below refers to any such program or wotk and a work based on the Program means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law that is to say a wotk containing the Program or a portion of it either verbatim or with modifications and or translated into another language Hereinafter translation is included without limitation in the term modification Each licensee is addressed as you Activities other than copying distribution and modification are not covered by this License they are outside its scope The act of running the Program is not restricted and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program independent of having been made by running the Program Whether that is true depends on what the Program does 1 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program s source code as you receive it in any medium provided that you conspicuously and approptiately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty keep intact all the notice
33. ion of the Apposite Technologies website at http www apposite tech com Save the firmware image on the PC running the browser or on a file server accessible from the browser In the Upgrade Firmware row click the Browse button to find and select the image or type the name of the image including the full path name Then click the Upgrade button to install the new firmware blank pop up window will open when the upgrade is initiated It will take at least 45 seconds for the operation to complete at which time the result will be displayed The new firmware will not run until the unit is rebooted APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY TM LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 31 The same procedure can be used to restore an older version of firmware if necessary However when downgrading to an older release the link emulation parameters and device settings may not be preserved A support contract and associated password are required to access support resources the Apposite Technologies website License Key The license key controls the maximum WAN bandwidth that can be emulated The Linktropy Mini has a maximum rate of 100 Mbps APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 32 9 MoNiTOR WINDOW Statistics and Graphs ARP Table The Monitor window displays link statistics throughput graphs and the ARP table To access the Mon
34. itor window click on Monitor to the right of the row of tabs in the Configuration window The Monitor window will open in a separate browser window To switch between statistics and ARP table pages click the corresponding link at the top of the Monitor window Statistics The statistics page displays real time statistics and throughput graphs of the traffic over the emulated link Traffic from LAN A to LAN B is shown on the top half of the page and traffic from LAN B to LAN A is shown below For each direction there is a summary of the current emulation settings a table of statistics a graph of the transmission rate and a table of average transmission rates The currently running emulation parameters are also displayed All statistics are based on values since the last reset and are independent of whether the Monitor window has been open or not Rebooting or power cycling the device resets all values The reset button at the top of the page resets values for the window After reset transmission rates are displayed in the table only after data is available for their respective intervals The page display is periodically refreshed at the rate set from the drop down menu in the upper right corner The res button resets statistics for its browser window only Opening a new ea Monitor Schedule window will restore statistics from the last reboot or power cycle Reloading the current window also restores all statistics AN Statistics
35. lation parameters can be viewed and changed on the Link Emulation tab APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 29 A Loading a saved emulation overwrites the current emulation parameters To preserve the current emulation save the emulation before loading a new emulation Delete Emulation Stored emulations can be deleted from the Delete screen Click the De ere radio button to display the Delete screen To delete an emulation first select the Grozp trom the drop down list Only Groups that contain stored emulations are shown Next select a stored emulation from the Name drop down list The emulation description will be displayed Click the De ete button to delete the selected emulation AN Once deleted emulations can not be recovered APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 30 8 UPGRADE TAB Firmware Upgrades and License Keys Use the Upgrade tab to upgrade the Linktropy firmware and install new license keys Link Emulation Bridge Route Device Settings Save Load Upgrade Current Version 3 0 11 Current MAXRATE 100000000 add key Reboot Figure 10 Upgrade Tab Upgrade Firmware The firmware version currently installed on the Linktropy Mini is displayed in the Upgrade Firmware row To change the version of firmware first download the new image from the support sect
36. m t amates mt i T MNT i ili foot Figure 2 Configuration Window Figure 3 Monitor Window The Configuration window contains a set of tabs used to specify the emulation parameters and device settings Sections 4 through 8 of this User s Guide describe each of the individual tabs The top portion of the Configuration window also includes the Status Box Emulation On Off button and Message Bar These elements remain visible across the various tabs Each input field of the Configuration window is checked for validity when modified Valid changes ate displayed in bold Invalid changes are noted with a red box around the field Additional checks APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY TM LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 13 are performed when the user attempts to apply the changes and any errors are marked with a red box at that time Clicking any info button on the Configuration window brings up a Help window with documentation for the specific field This User s Guide is also accessible from any Help window The Monitor window displays real time statistics and throughput graphs of the traffic traversing the emulated WAN link See Section 9 for details on the Monitor window linktropy mini 10 0 0 10 LAN A LINKTROPY MIN Configuration Updated Figure 4 Linktropy Mini Status Box and Message Bar Status Box The Status Box containing the Emulation On Off but
37. n The CLI provides the following subset of the functionality available in the Linktropy GUI gt Configure the management IP address subnet mask and default gateway Load previously stored emulations To access the CLI either through Telnet and the CONSOLE interface log into the device at the prompt as admin There is no password Multiple simultaneous Telnet sessions are allowed APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 36 CLI Command Syntax Command Syntax and Description help or help Displays a list of commands available through the CLI A question mark after any command displays the command syntax ifstat lt interval gt Continuously reports the number of frames and bytes transmitted and received on each ifstat interface at the specified interval The interval is specified in seconds and defaults to 1 sec if no interval is specified Use CTRL C to stop init config nolicense init Returns the configuration to factory default settings Include nolicense to also reset the license acceptance list saved Trst Displays a list of saved configurations ordered by Group index and Slot index load lt group idx gt lt group name gt lt slot idx gt lt config name gt load Loads a saved configuration specified by Group and Slot The Group and Slot may be specified by name or index Any spaces in the name mu
38. n in the diagram By default the Linktropy Mini acts as a bridge between the Ethernet segments connected to the LAN and A LAN B ports Frames received on one port are r APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EAsY TM LiNKTROPY 2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 11 subjected to the emulated WAN conditions before being forwarded to the opposite port Emulation conditions for the WAN link are configured in the Linktropy GUI and operate independently in each direction To set the emulation parameters use a web browser to connect to the Linktropy GUI at the configured management address All emulation parameters are found on the Link Emulation tab Emulation is disabled until the red Emulation On Off button at the top of the screen is pressed See the following chapters for details on Linktropy emulation parameters or click the buttons on the GUI for information on specific parameters APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY TM LiNKTROPY 2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 12 3 LINKTROPY GUI Overview The browser based Linktropy GUI is the primary configuration interface for the Linktropy Mini The GUI is compatible with Internet Explorer v6 and later Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome JavaScript must be enabled The Linktropy GUI consists of a Configuration window and a Monitor window w A inta 1 1770 i TERE T Lov gt A w
39. n the ultra compact form factor of the Mini the Linktropy Mini and Mini are identical in functionality and performance The Linktropy Mini and Mini are not designed to provide the same level of precision performance and functionality as the Linktropy 5500 and 8500 which are built as professional test tools for lab testing and product validation The table on the next page shows the matrix of features for the different products in the Linktropy product family APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY TM LINKTROPY MiNI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 6 Linktropy Model Performance Maximum throughput per link full duplex Emulated links Maximum packet forwarding rate pps Test lab level precision Jumbo Frame Support up to 9 KB Link Impairment Emulations Bandwidth Latency constant uniform and normal distributions Packet Loss Bit Errors Background Traffic Packet Duplication Packet Reordering Live condition capture and replay Linktropy Scheduler for dynamic conditions Installation Record and download traffic statistics Install as Bridge Install as Router 2FE 2 GigE 8 GigE EE 10 100baseT RJ45 or SFP RJ45 or SFP Form factor compact 1U 1U Hardware warranty and software maintenance 1 year 1 year 1 year Customer support 90 days 1 year 1 year APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EAsY TM LINKTROPY MiNI2 WAN
40. nd users only as Commercial Items and with only those rights as are granted to all other end users pursuant to the terms and conditions of this agreement General Provisions This agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California without reference to its conflicts of law provisions This agreement shall not be governed by the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods the application of which is expressly excluded If for any reason a court of competent jurisdiction finds any provision or portion thereof to be unenforceable the remainder of this agreement shall continue in full force and effect This agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the Product and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous understandings regarding such subject matter whether written or oral and supersedes any conflicting or additional terms contained in any purchase order or elsewhere all of which terms are excluded No amendment to or modification of this agreement are binding unless in writing and signed by Apposite Third Party Acknowledgements Portions of the Software utilize or include third party software and other copyrighted material Acknowledgements licensing terms and disclaimers for such material are contained in the Linktropy User s Guide and your use of such material is governed by their respective terms Certain third party software are f
41. ndependently for each direction Delay can be set from 0 milliseconds to 10 seconds Entered values are rounded to the nearest 0 1 millisecond The radio buttons are used to specify the delay distribution gt Constant single fixed value for delay gt Uniform A uniform distribution of delay ranging between the configured minimum and maximum values gt Normal truncated normal distribution curve with a specified minimum mean and standard deviation If the entered minimum delay is greater than the entered maximum for a uniform distribution or mean for a normal distribution a red error box will be drawn around the invalid fields when the Apply Changes button is pressed and the changes will not be applied APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 18 F The round trip time RTT of the link is the sum of the delay in both directions Using the delay parameter frames are not reordered even if subjected to differing delays For example if the delay is specified as a uniform distribution between 10 and 100 ms and the first frame is subjected to a 90 ms delay and the second frame is subjected to a 20 ms delay the second frame will not be transmitted until after the first frame has been transmitted This effect can skew the measured mean delay to be higher than the configured value when using a normal or uniform distribution Loss Data loss rates
42. net header or FCS plus the specified framing overhead The Linktropy WAN Emulator includes three choices for framing overhead APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 20 gt Ethernet header FCS This option emulates WAN link layer with an Ethernet like frame of 18 bytes of header and frame check sequence FCS This is the default option and is a reasonable choice if the properties of the link layer are unknown Ethernet header FCS preamble pad This option emulates an actual Ethernet link including the preamble and padding between Ethernet frames Select this option to emulate an Ethernet based WAN netwotk gt Custom This option allows the specification of any link layer framing overhead in bytes per data packet up to a maximum of 300 bytes Select this option if the link layer framing overhead is known APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 21 5 BRIDGE ROUTE TAB Bridge and Routing Mode Configuration The Linktropy Mini can be installed as either a bridge or router to forward frames between the LAN A and LAN B Ethernet interfaces By default the Linktropy Min 1s configured as a bridge and this mode is recommended for simplicity unless the LAN A and LAN B interfaces need to be on separate subnets To switch to IP Routing Mode from Bridging Mode click on the link seb to IP Routing Mode
43. o the GUI the Linktropy WAN Emulator includes a limited command line interface CLI that can be accessed via the console serial port or over the network using Telnet The CLI is used primarily to set the management IP address if the GUI is not accessible over the network and to load stored emulation conditions for use with script based automated testing See Section 10 for details on the CLI APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE Easy IM LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 9 2 GETTING STARTED Installing the Linktropy Mini WAN Emulator The Linktropy Mini is managed through a browser based GUI over an Ethernet connection to a dedicated management interface Prior to operation this management interface must be configured with appropriate network settings either through the Linktropy GUI or through the command line interface accessed via the serial console For convenience the management interface comes preconfigured with an IP address of 10 0 0 10 and the GUI is accessible from a directly connected host on the 10 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 subnet Preparation Management of the Linktropy Mini requires a PC running a supported web browser Internet Explorer v6 ot later Mozilla Firefox or Google Chrome JavaScript must be enabled Initial configuration of the management interface requires either gt a PC running a supported web browser that can be configured and placed on the 10 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 network gt a PC with an R
44. on are the Product Conditioned upon compliance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement Apposite hereby grants you a nonexclusive and nontransferable license to use the Software solely as embedded on the Hardware and to use the Documentation solely in conjunction with the Software and Hardware Tie and Restrictions Apposite retains all right title and interest in the Software and Documentation The Software and Documentation are protected by United States and international copyright and other intellectual property laws and international trade provisions Except as otherwise expressly provided under this Agreement you shall not directly or authorize any third party to copy the Software except as necessary for archival backup purposes only ii transfer assign sublicense rent lease lend or otherwise transfer your license rights to any other person or entity install use the Software computing device other than Hardware iv modify or adapt the Software or Documentation or create derivative works based upon the Software Documentation reverse engineer disassemble decompile decrypt or otherwise attempt to derive the source code of the Software except to the extent otherwise expressly permitted under applicable law notwithstanding this restriction To the extent required by law and at your written request Apposite will provide you with the interface information needed
45. or an error message will be displayed in the Message Bar A Advanced parameter settings are used in the emulation even if the parameters are hidden APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE Easy IM LiNKTROPY 2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 16 Link Emulation Bridge Route Device Settings Save Load Upgrade LAN B gt LANA 10 Mbps Constant Uniform Normal mun max 30 Packet Loss 2 2500 oaot O Packets ms 18 EthemetHDR FCS 18 Ethernet HDR FCS Figure 5 Link Emulation Tab APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY TM LiNKTROPY 2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 17 Basic Parameters Bandwidth The Bandwidth row is used to configure the link rate of the emulated WAN The link rate is set independently in each direction in increments of 1 bps with a minimum rate of 300 bps and a maximum rate determined by the purchased license Entered rates can not have fractional bits per second The link rate is set in units of bps Kbps or Mbps selected from the drop down menu next to the fate If the entered link rate is not a valid value when the Apply Changes button is pressed red error box will be drawn around the invalid fields and the changes will not be applied 1 Kbps is 1 000 bps not 1 024 bps Similarly 1 Mbps is 1 000 000 bps Delay The Delay parameter specifies the link latency in milliseconds and is set i
46. or packets received on one interface is the gateway of the opposite interface The following entries are invalid gt a gateway address not on the same subnet as the interface address gt an interface address or gateway address with an all zeros host component gt an interface address or gateway address with an all ones host component If there are any invalid entries when the Apply Changes button is pressed red error box will be drawn around the row Changes ate not applied until the errors are fixed and the Apply Changes button pressed again APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE Easy IM LiNKTROPY 2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 24 6 DEVICE SETTINGS TAB Device and Interface P arameters The device name and interface settings are configured on the Device Settings tab Settings are saved by pressing the Apply Changes button on the bottom of the tab Settings remain unchanged through reboots and power cycles Device settings are not stored with emulation parameters and will not change when a stored emulation is loaded Link Emulation Bridge Route Device Settings Save 1 Upgrade linktropy mini IP address 10 0 0 10 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Default gateway 0 0 0 0 O Allow management through LAN A B Auto negotiate Auto negotiate Figure 8 Device Settings Tab Device Name The name of the Linktropy unit is displayed and changed here This n
47. ot consume emulated link bandwidth Learning Bridge By default the Learning Bridge feature is disabled and the Linktropy Mini forwards all frames received on the LAN and LAN B interfaces to the opposite side This provides the fastest packet handling rates and highest throughput and is recommended except when learning bridge functionality is specifically required When the box labeled Enable MAC address learning filtering is checked the Linktropy Mini acts as a learning bridge and provides MAC address learning and filtering The device examines the source MAC addtess of received frames to learn the network segment LAN or LAN on which each directly connected device is located Received frames for which the source and destination devices are on the same network segment are discarded Learning Bridge functionality is generally only required when connecting multiple devices on a network segment through a repeater hub When using a switch the switch provides the filtering functionality and learning bridge functionality is not needed on the Linktropy Mini IP Routing Mode In IP Routing Mode the Linktropy Mini functions as a router between the Ethernet segments connected to the LAN and LAN B ports IP Routing Mode provides a default routing mechanism that eliminates the need for multiple static routes When a gateway address is set for both interfaces the default next hop for packets received on one interface is the gateway
48. p php net You may indicate that your software works in conjunction with PHP by saying Foo for PHP instead of calling it PHP Foo or phpfoo 5 The PHP Group may publish revised and or new versions of the license from time to time Each version will be given a distinguishing version number Once covered code has been published under a particular version of the license you may always continue to use it under the terms of that version You may also choose to use such covered code under the terms of any subsequent version of the license published by the PHP Group No one other than the PHP Group has the right to modify the terms applicable to covered code created under this License 6 Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following acknowledgment This product includes PHP freely available from lt http www php net gt THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PHP DEVELOPMENT TEAM AS IS AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PHP DEVELOPMENT TEAM OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT
49. ree software licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License GPL You may obtain a complete machine readable copy of the source code for such free software under the terms of the GPL The GPL software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE A copy of the GPL is included in the product Users Guide APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LiNKTROPY MiNI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 42 APPENDIX B Third Party Licenses PHP License This product includes PHP freely available from http www php net Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification is permitted provided that the following conditions are met 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution 3 The name PHP must not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without prior written permission For written permission please contact group php net 4 Products derived from this software may not be called PHP nor may PHP appear in their name without prior written permission from grou
50. rsion 2 a copy of which is included below For a period of three years upon request Apposite will send you a machine readable copy of the source code of these program files GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LIC ENSE Version 2 June 1991 Copyright C 1989 1991 Free Software Foundation Inc 51 Franklin St Fifth Floor Boston MA 02110 1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not allowed Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it By contrast the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software to make sure the software is free for all its users This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation s software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead You can apply it to your programs too When we speak of free software we are referring to freedom not price Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software and charge for this service if you wish that you receive source code or can get it if you want it that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs and that you know you can do these things To protect your rights we need to m
51. s that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee 2 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it thus forming a work based on the Program and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above provided that you also meet all of these conditions You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change b You must cause any work that you distribute or publish that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License c If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run you must cause it when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty or else saying that you provide a warranty and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions and telling the user how to view a copy of this License Exception if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcemen
52. st be surrounded by double quotes logout IRI Logout from the command line interface Returns user to the login prompt mgmt set addr lt addr gt netmask lt mask gt Sets the IP address and netmask of the MGMT interface mgmt set gw lt addr gt mgmt Sets the default gateway of the device mgmt show Displays the IP address and netmask of the MGMT interface and default gateway of the device ping lt address gt lt size gt ping Pings from the device to address with the specified sized packets Use CTRL C to stop APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE Easy IM LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 37 reboot Reboots the device Returns user to the login prompt after reboot upgrade image name server address tftp Upgrades the Linktropy firmware If the image is not located in the root directory of the HTTP server or server the image name must include the full path name Specify the IP address of the HTTP or TFTP server By default the Linktropy WAN Emulator will use HTTP to download the firmware image Specify ftp to use TFTP instead upgrade version version Displays the operating firmware version APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 38 11 APPOSITE SUPPORT If you experience any problem with the Linktropy hardware consult the Linktropy Mini Hardware Guide you ha
53. t your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves then this License and its terms do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it Thus it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you rather the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program In addition mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program or with a wotk based on the Program on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License 3 You may copy and distribute the Program or a work based on it under Section 2 in object code or executable form APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY LiNKTROPY 2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 47 under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the
54. to achieve interoperability between the Software and another independently created program vi remove alter cover or obfuscate any of the trademarks trade names logos patent or copyright notices markings or add any other notices or markings to or on the Software Documentation or Hardware without the express written authorization of Apposite Limited Warranty Apposite watrants that for a period of ninety 90 days from the date of shipment of the Hardware to you Warranty Period the Hardware will be free of any defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and the Software will perform substantially in accordance with the Documentation This limited warranty extends only to the original user of APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE Easy IM LiNKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 40 the Product This limited warranty is void if failure of the Hardware or Software to conform to the warranty has resulted from improper installation testing misuse neglect accident fire or other hazard or any breach of this Agreement Apposite and its suppliers entire liability and your sole and exclusive remedy shall be at Apposite s sole discretion to 1 repair the Software or Hardware provide replacement Hardware or Software or refund the purchase price and terminate this Agreement This limited warranty applies only if the product is returned to Apposite freight and insurance prepaid in accordance with
55. ton interface status and basic statistics is located in the top right corner of the Configuration window and is visible across all tabs The Status Box displays the status of the LAN and LAN B Ethernet interfaces If the interface is unplugged fails to negotiate Ethernet connection down will be displayed in red During normal operation the speed and duplex state of the interface are displayed in green When emulation is turned on the Status Box displays the current instantaneous throughput in each direction averaged over a 1 second interval and the total number of dropped frames Statistics are refreshed at the interval set from the drop down menu in the lower right corner of the Status Box More detailed statistics and throughput graphs are shown in the separate Monitor window Emulation Off Button The Emulation On Off Button is located on the left side of the Status Box The button is lit red when emulation is turned off and green when emulation is on Click the button to toggle between on and off states The saved configuration 1s immediately updated when the emulation state is changed APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE EASY TM LiNKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 14 Emulation is turned off by default when the Linktropy WAN Emulator is first installed Message Bar The Message Bar located in the center of the screen between the Status Box and configuration tabs 15 only visible when st
56. ve any questions about the firmware not answered in this User s Guide please check the Apposite Technologies website at http www apposite tech com for updated firmware and documentation If your question is not answered please contact Apposite Support Purchase of the Linktropy Mini comes with ninety days of support and maintenance If you believe the firmware is not functioning properly please upgrade to the latest firmware release If the problem persists please contact Apposite Support at support apposite tech com 1 310 477 9955 ext 2 When contacting Apposite Support please include the following information gt Linktropy model gt Serial number gt Your e mail address and phone number gt Installed firmware version gt A detailed description of the problem Do not attempt to fix any hardware problem yourself The Linktropy Mini contains no user setviceable parts Opening the chassis voids the warranty APPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES WAN EMULATION MADE Easy IM LINKTROPY MINI2 WAN EMULATOR USER S GUIDE 39 APPENDIX Linktropy End User License Agreement The Apposite Technologies Inc Apposite Linktropy product includes the Linktropy hardware Hardware software embedded in the Hardware Software including any upgrades modified versions updates additions and copies of the Software and related explanatory materials Documentation Collectively the Hardware Software and Documentati
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