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LMJ-PETAL User Guide

1. Jil Spatial filters RES SII Pai CUM 4 pass Amplifiers A y Mere Deformable i Power conditioning modules Pre Amplifier Modules Diagnostics p rooms C LT Control room Figure II 1 Schematic view of the Laser Megajoule showing the main elements of the laser system At the center of the target bay the target chamber consists of a 10 meter diameter aluminum sphere equipped with two hundred ports for the injection of the laser beams the location of diagnostics and target holders It is a 10 cm thick aluminum sphere covered with a neutron shielding made of 40 cm thick borated concrete The inside is covered by protection panels for X ray and debris LMJ is configured to operate in the indirect drive scheme which drives the laser beams into cones in the upper and lower hemispheres of the target chamber Forty quads enter the target chamber through ports that are located on two cones at 33 2 and 49 polar angles Four other quads enter the target chamber at 59 5 polar angle and will be dedicated to radiographic purpose The 44 laser beam ports include the final optics assembly vacuum windows debris shield and device to check the damages on optics A lot of equipments is required in the target area e a Reference Holder RH is used for the alignment of all beams diagnostics and target e a Target Positioning Systems TPS for room temperature experiments is operational e acryogenic TPS for ignition tar
2. A amp Ca F parabola CA D f ie a M y Figure VI 3 PETAL beam and LMJ bundles in the South East laser bay and PETAL focusing scheme The PETAL performances depend on the damage threshold of optics Great efforts have been made on gratings in order to improve their strength The effect of electric field on damages has been demonstrated 54 and the groove profile of PETAL multilayer dielectric gratings has been optimized in order to obtain a damage threshold above 4 J cm in the ps range But in fact the transport mirrors may not sustain more than 2 J cm compared to the 4 J cm specified value required for a 3 kJ output level Therefore the current mirrors will first limit the available energy on target at a 1 kJ level New technologies are required to increase this value and the intensity on target Several ways of improvement are identified and are being explored CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 22 TARGET AREA AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENTS VII Target area and associated equipments As shown previously in Figure IV 1 the target bay area occupies the central part of the building There are 8 floors A detailed CAD of the target chamber with the major target bay equipments is shown in Figure VILI Figure VII 1 CAD of the target area The radius of LMJ target chamber is 5 meters Beam and diagnostics ports cover the full surface A SID is provided on several different port locations for inserting di
3. foals NT CM bundles 100 m S E Laser bay S O Laser bay bundles PETAL bundles Figure IV 1 a Drawing of the building with total dimensions b CAD of the target bay with transport of the beams the experimental chamber and its equipment target positioning system plasma diagnostics CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 11 LMJ LASER SYSTEM V LMJ Laser system V 1 Laser architecture LMJ is under commissioning at CEA CESTA at a stage of 176 beams LMJ is a flashlamp pumped neodymium doped glass laser 1 053 um wavelength configured in a multi pass power amplifier system The LMJ 3100 glass laser slabs will be capable of delivering more than 3 MJ of 1 053 um light that is subsequently frequency converted to the third harmonic 0 351 um and focused on a target at the center of target chamber LMJ will deliver shaped pulses from 0 7 ns to 25 ns with a maximum energy of 1 5 MJ and a maximum power of 400 TW of UV light on target The architecture of one beamline is shown on Figure V 1 The front end delivers the initial light pulse and provides its temporal and spatial shape as well as its spectrum and enables synchronization of all the beams The front end is made of four sources one per laser hall which deliver the first photons about 1 nJ and 88 Pre amplifier Modules PAM 1 per 2 beams including a regenerative cavity and an amplifier which deliver a 500 mJ energy beam to the amplification section
4. DE LA RECHERCHE L INDUSTRIE T ms d r 4 mil a Ea o y z r ja BET es ne ms P id i 3 b OT Fe te hs ne E dE f e Tx x i x z p 1 zs i a BP ge rau rms e LUN a 4 Z r et z m m bi LMJ PETAL User Guide Version 1 1 Release April 2015 JLM AC EV Updated version available at http www Imj cea fr CEA DAM le de France Bruy res le Ch tel F 91297 Arpajon Cedex France CEA CESTA 15 avenue des Sabli res CS 60001 F 33116 Le Barp Cedex France CONTENTS Contents IM el sao a LUTE T0 NER mn 2 l LMJ PETAL OVIN ICW Re 3 II Policies and Access to CEA CESTA and LMJ factlIitY ccccccceeeeeeccccccciiiiiiiiieeeeeeeeeeeeeens 5 III 1 Driving directions and accommodations ss 5 II 2 Office space at ILP Campus and Computer access 6 IIL 5 CEA CESTA Access and TeSULAIONS cccvasivsscennadencsnvensavswesavassaacsdbenntadenoetaecdaensessevendaxdanseadeetaeees 6 D COMORES sense os PIA CRI ORUM ANI EUM DIU PIA PIRE 6 MT DSTO DOS atomos u sta Se ete Ux MED ESER EM D e M ED NE UM DRE f HIT 6 Experimental DIOC ESS cues een ae dense EE RE EEE ec I dE te 8 II 7 Responsibilities during Shot Cycle oo ss 9 III 8 Access to LMJ PETAL during shots sie 9 EE Me R Umm 10 III 10 Publications and Authorship practices 10 EVE NE Buildine ASC DOS OTT oo ETT 11 VERRA SC aa SO eee ones eee ne eee 12 V Las
5. PI TW Log scale 100 10 0 5 10 15 20 Figure V 10 Different envisioned pulses shapes for ignition target in red and blue The dashed black lines are supergaussian used to fit each specific part of the pulse ten a ail D oC 5 00E 403 LODE 08 1 SOE 0 2 DOE OH 7 506 Dg 7 004 CH mi Figure V 11 Typical pulse shape realized on the LIL facility for isentropic compression experiments 37 request in red On LMJ the Pre Amplifier Module PAM is common for two beams within one quadruplet However as the two PAMS of a single quadruplet share the same master oscillator see Figure V 12 only one pulse shape is available per quadruplet This versatility in pulse shaping will be beneficial for Polar Direct Drive Shock Ignition 47 Delays between quadruplets could be defined for example to use one quadruplet as the main driver and one quadruplet to irradiate an X ray backlighter The maximum available delays are currently limited to 100 ns CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 18 LMJ LASER SYSTEM Pre Amplification Amplification module module PAM se armana sence 2 Temporal pulse shaping TPS Optical Fiber _ up e aT mma 4G ma Figure V 12 Schematic of the pulse shaping capability within a LMJ bundle 2 quads 8 beams V 7 Laser performances The first LMJ experiments were carried out in October 2014 with the 8 initial
6. Rev Sci Instrum vol 81 10 pp 3 2010 66 H Maury et al Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect A vol 621 1 3 pp 242 6 2010 67 P Troussel et al Proc of SPIE vol 8139 2011 68 P Troussel et al Rev Sci Instrum vol 83 10 pp 3 2012 69 J L Bourgade et al Rev Sci Instrum 79 10 p 8 2008 70 K B Fournier et al Phys Plasmas 16 5 pp 13 2009 71 L Jacquet et al Phys Plasmas 19 8 pp 13 2012 72 F Perez et al Phys Plasmas 19 8 pp 10 2012 73 P Troussel et al Rev Sci Instrum 85 013503 2014 74 G Debras et al EPJ Web of Conferences 59 02006 2013 75 T Caillaud et al Rev Sci Instrum 83 10 10E131 2012 76 O Landoas et al Rev Sci Instrum vol 82 7 pp 8 2011 77 Y Cauchois Journal de Physique 3 320 1932 78 J F Seely et al Rev Sci Instrum 81 10 pp 3 2010 79 I Thfouin et al submitted to Rev Sci Instrum CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 38 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XIII Acknowledgements LMJ is a CEA project funded by the French Ministry of Defense Libert galit Fraternit R PUBLIQUE FRAN AISE MINIST RE DE LA D FENSE PETAL is a project of the Aquitaine Region funded by Europe the French Ministry of Research and the Aquitaine Region MINIST RE Ko MP HEN DE L ENSEIGNEMENT SUP RIEUR AQUITAINE z be a FRANCAISE ET DE LA RECHERCHE PETAL is an Equipex project of the Uni
7. X 2 Tareet Day COMO 0 Ue ass a ee 35 OS PR E E E 10249 A2 E 59079 E00 290720 129 6 O02 2005012900 E00Y 010279 36 XI 1 Assembly and metrology capabilities eese 36 X2 USSR ee co de 36 PAN RSR N A E ee cue bh REDRE 37 ATH Acknowledgements sedium olo puiecd inso cos quies natia prse quio xo d nspevd busta qae t a epe SUE ssa cavae a rentes 39 PARCI ca 40 zx Ven 0 0 01 cerea mn EMEN MEME EE 42 Ped ouo 43 CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 1 INTRODUCTION I Introduction The Military Applications Division of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission CEA DAM has promoted for several decades collaboration with national and international scientific communities 1 31 Regarding laser facilities according to the decision of the French Ministry of Defense the CEA DAM has given access to the scientific communities to the LIL facility the prototype of Laser Megajoule LMJ for a period of 9 years since 2005 until 2014 Ten types of experimental campaigns and a total of one hundred laser shots on targets in collaboration have been performed on the LIL during this period 32 37 With the LMJ 38 and PETAL facilities 39 the CEA DAM is once again in a position to welcome national and international teams in perfect accordance with its legal obligations to confidentiality da y me v ARCU
8. Amplification Transport Frequency conversion and focusing Deformable pockels mirror ps Cell T DE patial 4 be 7e Filters Section Angular multiplexing Frequency conversion Target amp focusing system Chamber lt N Pc Q A MSS Git 16 kJ amplifiers d1 Sen EI Source DNE Regenerative Phase debris shield 75k UV plate E Transport mirrors Front end Figure V 1 Architecture of one LMJ beamline The basic unit for experiment is a quad made of 4 identical beamlines 1 gt Figure V 2 PreAmplifier Module in the North East Laser Bay CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 12 LMJ LASER SYSTEM Figure V 3 South West Laser Bay equipped with 5 amplification sections In the amplification section the beams are grouped in bundle of 8 beams and they are amplified 30 000 times to reach energy of 15 18 kJ per beam The amplification section includes two 4 pass amplifiers two spatial filters a plasma electrode pockels cell a polarizer and a deformable mirror for wavefront correction Figure V 4 Mounting of 4 laser slabs plasma electrode pockels cell and deformable mirror In the switchyards each individual bundle is divided into two quads which are directed to the upper and lower hemispheres of the chamber by the mean of 5 6 or 7 transport mirrors The quad is the basic independent unit for experiments The LMJ target chamber is ar
9. Jean Luc Miquel Alexis Casner Emmanuelle Volant 1 1 28 April 2015 po II 4 Confidentiality rules Rearrangement of section III p7 8 I 5 Selection process precisions on Selection process p8 IIL6 Experimental process addition of Experimental process p16 V 4 Spot sizes Table V 2 Modification of spot sizes p19 V 7 Laser performances Addition of Laser performances p26 VII LMJ Diagnostics Table VIII 1 Addition of Mini DMX p30 31 VIIL3 Mini DMX JLM EV All Photos 9 CEA photo Eric Journot JA Ste ake ert Py n gt S DIR 4 y 4 ae age Se 7 10 dine eng Fe A MR gt 1 VEI utor rim 1 TS oies 7 81 N darat A FACE E SUN A RU SL bos TY pedes AA Se YAN i bef 4 Commissariat l nergie atomique et aux nergies alternatives Direction des applications militaires Centre DAM le de France Bruy res le Ch tel 91297 Arpajon Cedex Etablissement public caract re industriel et commercial RCS Paris B 775 685 019 CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 43
10. beams 28U and 28L They revealed good performances of the whole system The pointing accuracy of the quad was 50 6 23 um compare to a 100 um specification and the beams synchronization was about 20 ps compare to a 100 ps specification The figure V 13 shows the history of energy delivered on the target for the eight shots of this first physics campaign The mean energy obtained over the eight shots is 19 92 kJ 0 16 per chain to compare with the 20 kJ 2 5 kJ x 8 required Energy kJ E Upper Quad 8 Lower Quad Figure V 13 History of the energy delivered on the target for the eight first shots October 2014 For these 8 experiments the achieved pulse durations present a good reproducibility 2 85 0 1 ns see Figure V 14 CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 19 LMJ LASER SYSTEM 4 5 4 0 3 5 3 0 2 5 2 0 1 5 15 10 2015 17 10 2015 28 10 2015 29 10 2015 Power TW 1 0 30 10 2015 0 5 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 Time ns Figure V 14 Pulse shapes of the first physics campaign on LMJ for clarity only 5 of them are shown CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 20 PETAL LASER SYSTEM VI PETAL Laser system The PETAL design is based on the Chirped Pulse Amplification CPA technique combined with Optical Parametric Amplification OPA 48 50 Moreover it takes the benefits of the laser developments made for the high energy LMJ facility allowing it to reach the kilojoules level Figu
11. corrections 51 The compression scheme is a two stage system see Figure VI 2 The first compressor in air atmosphere reduces the pulse duration from 1 7 ns to 350 ps in an equivalent double pass configuration The output mirror is segmented in order to divide the initial beam into 4 sub apertures which are independently compressed and synchronized into the second compressor in a single pass configuration under vacuum 52 These sub apertures are coherently added using the segmented mirror with three interferometric displacements for each sub aperture The pulse duration is adjustable from 0 5 to 10 ps The focusing system consists in an off axis parabolic mirror with a 90 deviation angle followed by a pointing mirror see Figure VI 3 The focal length is 7 8 meters and the focal spot goal is a 50 um diameter this will result in intensities above 10 W cm on target Due to the 4 sub apertures of the beam 53 a multi beam option could be available a segmented pointing mirror could redirect the beams towards up to 4 separate focuses This option will be studied in detail 1f required CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 21 PETAL LASER SYSTEM Segmented mirror Diagnostics room H Ist stage Figure VI 2 Compressor stages with a subaperture compression scheme first stage in air and second stage in vacuum with 4 independent compressors s u a Pointing mirror E Er Alignment axis B FE mirror Off axis lp
12. feedback of LIL s diagnostics consist of e four hard and soft X ray imaging systems 30 eV to 15 keV range with a 15 to 150 um spatial resolution and a 30 to 100 ps time resolution providing 30 imaging channels e a diagnostic set for hohlraum temperature measurements including an absolutely calibrated broadband X ray spectrometer 30 eV 20 keV a grating spectrometer a time resolved imaging system of the emitting area e an absolutely calibrated broadband X ray spectrometer 30 eV 7 keV e an optical diagnostic set dedicated to EOS measurements including 2 VISAR Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector 2 SBO Shock Break Out a pyrometer and a reflectivity measurement e a Full Aperture Backscatter System and a Near Backscatter Imager to measure the power spectrum and angular distribution of backscatter light to determine the energy balance The main characteristics of the first set of diagnostics are described in Table VIIL 1 X ray Imagers Diagnostics Spatial resol um Temp resol ps Characteristics Spectral range DON NE n amp Setting n Fo Magnifieaion 44 OOOO O T O sm Mamfabn los Imager medium resol SID 2 time integrated lenses channels 5 IOkeV 130 20 or 50 6 5 Gated X ray Imager 2x4 toroidal mirror channels 0 5 IOkeV 150 I5 100 10 50 20 medium resolution 4 X ray lenses channels 6 15 keV 150 15 Do an n o o Streaked Soft X ray 2 toroidal
13. the proposals for experiments will be done by Institut Laser amp Plasmas ILP through the PETAL international Scientific Advisory Committee This document provides the necessary technical references to researchers for the writing of Letter of Intent LOI of experimental proposals to be performed on LMJ PETAL Regularly updated version of this LMJ PETAL User guide will be available on LMJ website at http www Imj cea fr CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 2 LMJ PETAL OVERVIEW H LMJ PETAL Overview LMJ is now under commissioning at CEA CESTA at a stage of 176 beams 44 quads LMJ is a flashlamp pumped neodymium doped glass laser 1 053 um wavelength configured in a multi pass power amplifier system The 1 053 jun light is frequency converted to the third harmonic 0 351 um and focused by means of gratings on a target at the center of the target chamber LMJ will deliver shaped pulses from 0 7 ns to 25 ns with a maximum energy of 1 5 MJ and a maximum power of 400 TW of UV light on the target The main building includes four similar laser bays 128 meter long situated in pairs on each side of the central target bay of 60 meter diameter and 38 meter height The 176 square 37 x 35 6 cm beams are grouped into 22 bundles of 8 beams In the switchyards each individual bundle is divided into two quads the basic independent unit for experiments which are directed to the upper and lower hemispheres of the chamber PETAL beamline
14. which will be delivered in 2016 is developed by the CEA and consists of one spectrometer for charged particles electrons and ions two electrons spectrometers one hard X ray Spectrometer diagnostics insertors SID IX 1 Electron and proton spectrometer SEPAGE The SEPAGE diagnostic includes an ion spectrometer for energy from 100 keV to 200 MeV an electron spectroscopy for energy from 100 keV to 150 MeV and an imaging module for proton radiography It is made of two Thomson Parabolas TP for low and high energy _ 0 gt N GUNT High er energy v TP Em E 150 200 Table IX 1 Spectral ranges of SEPAGE The imaging module is made of a set of Radio Chromic Film for particle energy from 1 to 200 MeV A CAD drawing of the diagnostic is shown in Figure IX 1 The preferred working location of SEPAGE is in SID position S26 opposite to the PETAL beam with an angle of 13 5 kcar Image Plate Ions High energy e Image Plate Low energy e Image Plate Low energy Thomson parabola High energy Thomson parabola Radio Chromic Film for proton radiography Figure IX 1 Current design of SEPAGE diagnostic CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 33 PETAL DIAGNOSTICS IX 2 Electron spectrometers SESAME Complementary to the SEPAGE spectrometer two additional electron spectrometers will be added at fixed location on t
15. 433 5 56 88 60 07 Tel 433 5 5753 21022 Fax 33 5 56 88 67 37 reservation qualitybordeaux com Domaine du Pont de l Eyre H tel Best Western Bayonne Etche Ona 3 2 route de Minoy 15 cours de l Intendance 33770 Salles 33000 BORDEAUX Tel 33 5 56 88 35 00 Tel 33 5 56 48 00 88 Fax 33 5 56 88 35 99 Fax 33 5 56 48 41 60 dom pont de leyre wanadoo fr bayetche bordeaux hotel com B amp B MIOS H tel TENEO gare Saint Jean 6 avenue ZAC 2000 4 cours Barbey Parc d activit s MIOS Entreprises 33800 BORDEAUX 33380 MIOS Tel 33 5 56 33 22 00 T l 33 8 92 70 20 70 or 33 5 56 77 33 11 bordeaux teneo fr bb_4527 hotelbb com H tel CAMPANILE A63 aire de repos de CESTAS Tel 433 5 57 97 87 00 Arcachon H tel LE DAUPHIN H tel Park Inn 7 avenue Gounod 4 rue du Professeur JOLYET 33120 ARCACHON 33120 ARCACHON Tel 433 5 56 83 02 89 Tel 33 5 56 83 99 9 Fax 433 5 56 54 84 90 Fax 33 5 56 83 87 92 info arcachon rezidorparkinn com H tel AQUAMARINA H tel Quality Suite Arcachon 4 82 boulevard de la Plage 960 avenue de l Europe 33120 ARCACHON 33260 LA TESTE DE BUCH Tel 433 5 56 83 67 70 Tel 33 5 57 15 22 22 Fax 433 5 57 52 08 26 reservation qualityarcachon spa fr H tel LES VAGUES 9 boulevard de l Oc an 33120 ARCACHON Tel 33 5 56 83 03 75 Fax 33 5 56 83 77 16 CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 42 REVISION LOG XVI Revision log 1 0 I2 Sept 2014 Initial release
16. 7 2000 21 C Courtois et al JOSA B 17 5 864 2000 22 B Cros et al IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 28 4 1071 2000 23 M Borghesi et al Laser and particle beams 18 389 2000 24 J Kuba et al Phys Rev A 62 043808 2000 25 A Benuzzi Mounaix et al Astrophysics and Space Science 277 1 143 2001 26 E Dattolo et al Phys Plasmas 8 260 2001 27 D Batani et al Phys Rev Lett 88 23 235502 2002 28 J L Bourgade et al Rev Sci Instrum 79 10F301 2008 29 A Morace et al Phys Plasmas vol 16 12 122701 2009 30 Y Inubushi et al Phys Rev E 81 3 036410 2010 31 S Jacquemot et al Nucl Fusion 51 094025 2011 32 G Schurtz et al Phys Rev Lett 98 9 095002 2007 33 L Videau et al Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 50 12 124017 2008 34 S Depierreux et al Phys Rev Lett 102 vol 19 195005 2009 35 C Labaune et al J Phys Conf Series 244 2 022021 2010 36 A Casner et al J Phys Conf Series 244 3 032042 2010 37 A Benuzzi Mounaix et al Physica Scripta T161 014060 2014 38 C Lion Journal of Physics Conference Series 244 012003 2010 39 N Blanchot et al EPJ Web of Conferences 59 07001 2013 40 F Philippe et al Phys Rev Lett 104 3 035004 2010 41 S Laffite and P Loiseau Phys Plasmas 17 10 102704 2010 42 J E Ducret et al Nuclear Instrum Methods in Physics Research A 720 141 2013 43 A Le Cain
17. ER Figure I 1 LIL and LMJ aerial view The Laser Megajoule is part of the French Simulation Program developed by the CEA DAM The Simulation program aims to improve the theoretical models and data used in various domains of physics by means of high performance numerical simulations and experimental validations LMJ offers unique capabilities for the Simulation Program providing an extraordinary instrument to study High Energy Density Physics HEDP and Basic Science A large panel of experiments will be done on LMJ to study physical processes at temperatures from 100 eV to 100 keV and pressures from 1 Mbar to 100 Gbar Among these experiments Inertial Confinement Fusion ICF is the most exciting challenge since ICF experiments fix the most stringent specifications on LMJ s performances 40 41 The PETAL project consists in the addition of one high energy multi Petawatt beam to LMJ This project is being performed by the CEA under the financial auspices of the Aquitaine Region maitre d ouvrage project owner of the French Government and of the European Union PETAL will provide a combination of a very high intensity beam synchronized with the very high energy beams of LMJ LMJ PETAL will be an exceptional tool for academic research offering the opportunity to study matter in extreme conditions LMJ PETAL will be open to the academic communities as the previously mentioned LIL The academic access to LMJ PETAL and the selection of
18. G Riazzuelo and J M Sajer Phys Plasmas 19 10 102704 2012 44 G Duchateau Opt Express 18 17 p 10434 10456 2010 45 O Morice Optical Enginneering 42 6 p 1530 1541 2003 46 X Julien et al Proc SPIE 7916 p 79610 2011 CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 37 REFERENCES 47 V Brandon et al Nuclear Fusion 54 8 083016 2014 48 N Blanchot et al Plasma Phys Control Fusion 50 124045 2008 49 E Hugonnot et al Appl Opt 45 2 p 377 382 2006 50 E Hugonnot et al Appl Opt 46 33 p 8181 8187 2007 51 C Rouyer Opt Express 15 2019 2032 2007 52 N Blanchot Opt Express 18 10088 10097 2010 53 N Blanchot Appl Opt 45 23 p 6013 6021 2006 54 J N auport et al Opt Express 15 12508 12522 2007 55 C Reverdin et al Rev Sci Instrum 79 10 10E932 2008 56 S Hubert et al Rev Sci Instrum 81 5 053501 2008 57 D Eder et al Nuclear Fusion 53 11 113037 2013 58 J L Bourgade et al Rev Sci Instrum 79 10 p 8 2008 59 J L Bourgade et al Rev Sci Instrum 79 10E904 2008 60 R Rosch et al Rev Sci Instrum 78 3 033704 2007 61 J P LeBreton et al Rev Sci Instrum 77 10 10F530 2006 62 T Beck et al IEEE Trans Plasma Sci vol 38 10 pp 2867 72 2010 63 J Baggio et al Fusion Engineering and Design vol 6 p 2762 2011 64 J L Dubois et al Phys Rev E 89 3 013102 2014 65 G Turck et al
19. Guide 27 LMJ DIAGNOSTICS Hermetic CCD Camera connectors Air box common Electronic package mechanical structure HV pulse generator with PFM Figure VIII 2 Current design of LMJ optical analyzers 62 Framing tube The first LMJ X ray imager GXI 1 has been commissioned on the facility in 2014 The optical block of the diagnostic includes an integrated unit consisting of three alignment lasers see Figure VIII 3 The optical scheme of the diagnostic is based on grazing incidence mirrors 65 68 together with a classical pinhole imaging in the central part of the system 12 time resolved images and 1 time integrated image will be acquired at the end with different filtering options see Figure VIIL4 Actual photographs of the GXI 1 diagnostic are displayed in Figure VIILS MC mirror MC mirrors ID cl GOT channels ni Alignment lasers Zerodur structure X ray microscope Figure VIII 3 Current design of the optical block of LMJ GXI 1 Frame CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 28 x ray mirrors LMJ DIAGNOSTICS 2x4 mirrors channels 4 pinholes channel 12 time resolved images 1 time integrated images Figure VIII 5 Photograph of GXI 1 and zoom on the optical block VIII 2 DMX LMJ Soft X ray broadband time resolved spectrometer DMX is a primordial diagnostic for hohlraum energetic performance measurements 69 DMX diagnostic is composed of a set of four diagnos
20. OOOO EE EN OG Nu WE CES SET HE EE NE os EG mu aw 3s 39b ues ss mu sz RUE or 9 Lu ss 3s o quos ss 230 595 236 125 3517 w 3325 1175 r u a9 9v a ues oo Table V 1 Spherical coordinates of beam ports V 2 LMJ Frequency conversion and focusing scheme The optics assembly for frequency conversion and focusing is composed of a lo grating two KDP crystals for Second and Third Harmonic Generation and a 30 focusing grating The 1o grating deflects by an angle of 50 the incoming 1 beam An angular dispersion of the spectrum is introduced by the grating which allows broadband frequency tripling The frequency converters use a Type I Type II third harmonic generation scheme The 3 grating deflects back the 3m beam by an angle of 50 while the unconverted light is stopped by absorbers As a consequence no volume restrictions and additional shielding for unconverted light issues have to be taken into account in the making of the experiments 3 focusing gratings V 4 x 15 kJ at 40x40 cm Phase plate 4 1 05 um 74 4 t t 4 3 focusing grating Beam dump for blocking 1 wand 20 30 1 grating KDP tal Protective C o optic Vacuum window 4 x 7 5 kJ at 0 35 um on target at m Figure V 7 LMJ frequency conversion and focusing by gratings The pointing accuracy of LMJ quadruplets depends on the aim point Two pointing volumes have been defined The
21. Several people will be in charge of the management of the experiment each of them having a specific responsibility The Principal Investigator PI is in charge of the scientific design of the experiment he may be assisted by a co PI from ILP for ICF studies for instance The practical design of the experimental project taking into account the facility capabilities and the expected results laser energy pulse shape laser beams diagnostics alignment debris from target etc comes under the responsibility of the CEA Experiment Manager MOB he will work in close collaboration with the PI The making of the experimental campaign is under the responsibility of the CEA Experiment Coordinator RCE he is in charge of the target and laser bay functioning and performances taking into account all inherent risks for the operation crew and material The laser shots during the campaign are under the responsibility of the LMJ Shot Director who is responsible for the LMJ safety The PI will not be in direct contact with the LMJ Shot Director Decisions related to the effective performance of the experimental campaign are taken according to the PI s wishes however communications with the Facility and LMJ Shot Director are the sole responsibility of the MOE and RCE III 8 Access to LMJ PETAL during shots Access to the LMJ PETAL facility requires half day training to LMJ security rules and general information This course is usually given on Monda
22. agnostics used to make measurements during a target experiment on LMJ A SID is a two stage telescoping system that provides a precise positioning of a diagnostic close to the center of target chamber Two kinds of SIDs are available the LMJ SIDs are designed for ignition experiments they provide the best positioning accuracy for imaging system can be positioned on polar axis and use electronic detectors the PETAL SIDs are dedicated to PETAL diagnostics which use passive detectors due to electromagnetic perturbations induced by PETAL shots and cannot be positioned on polar axis About 10 SIDs are envisioned for the LMJ The port locations of the target handling equipment Reference Holder RH Target Positioning System TPS and cryogenic TPS SOPAC viewing stations and the possible port locations for the different SID are listed in the Table VII 1 Three Specific Mechanisms ports are also available 2 of them MS8 and MS9 being reserved for DM X Broadband time resolved spectrometer The diagnostics insertors locations are schematically drawn in Figure VII 3 Additional target chamber ports for fixed diagnostics exist and may be considered for future diagnostics developments CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 23 TARGET AREA AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENTS Remark EN 907 fiss Tageviwingsuin gt Cou is sw mis Tageviwngsuin gt LS 16e 99 Close to polar axis laser injection and collection for EOS Pack e amd S17 P
23. conditions Note that it is compulsory that all visitors satisfy the badging policy described in the paragraph III 2 PARIS LIBOURNE PERIGUEUX NANTES BORDEAUX rTouLOUSE NIC MONTPELLIER MARSEILLE Marcheprime 4 ARCACHON BORDEAUX A63 Sortie 23 Le Barp Marcheprime Marcheprime BAYONNE Belin Beliet ARCACHON BAYONNE Figure III 1 Map of Bordeaux South area and transportation routes to CEA CESTA and LMJ There are some hotels close to CEA CESTA but numerous hotels can be found in the city of Bordeaux or in the area of Arcachon seaside A list of hotels is given in the appendix CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 5 POLICIES AND ACCESS III 2 Office space at ILP Campus and Computer access To provide comfortable working conditions to worldwide researchers preparing their experiments the Institut Laser amp Plasmas ILP and CEA CESTA offer a large office space Internet access and administrative assistance inside the ILP Campus Building This building is located just outside CEA CESTA Meeting rooms are available as well as a 150 places amphitheater which could be used for workshops The ILP building is located only 2 km away from LMJ Control Room A cafeteria for lunch is also accessible at walking distance as well as supermarket restaurants and food services located in Le Barp city 3 km away Figure III 2 Photograph of the ILP Campus building located on t
24. cterization of specific hard X ray or proton backlighting sources etc 7 Shots logic and Draft Failure Modes The order of the shots 6 shots per campaign at maximum is required as well as the logic of the shots and the main possible failure modes and back up plan Final selection of the most pertinent experiments is done by the International Scientific Advisory Committee of PETAL in accordance with CEA DAM I 6 Experimental process Once the experiments have been selected the experimental campaigns are included in the schedule of the facility by the CEA DAM Programming Committee The selected groups are informed of this planning approximately 2 years in advance of the experimental campaign At the same time Experiment Managers from CEA MOE see III 7 are designated in order to prepare the experiment in close collaboration with the selected groups The key milestones in the PETAL LMJ experimental process will include several reviews in order to evaluate the experimental preparations and readiness e The Launch Review is conducted approximately 24 months in advance of the experimental campaign The selected group assisted by the MOE presents the experiment proposal in front of CEA DAM experts The primary purpose of this review is to ensure the proposed experiment meet the LMJ PETAL requirements and to identify additional studies CEA DAM will analyze the proposals in terms of confidentiality rules security rules and feasibility A
25. eld pinhole and filter Crystals lead shielding pinhole Collimator and Magnets lange Figure IX 3 Current design and principle of SPECTIX diagnostic CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 34 FIRST EXPERIMENTAL CONFIGURATION X First experimental configuration X 1 Laser beams characteristics By the end of 2016 the experimental configuration of the LMJ facility will include 4 quads and the PETAL beam The spherical coordinate of these beams and the angles between the quads and PETAL are given in Table X 1 Beam Port 6 Qq Angle vs PETAL Table X 1 Angle of the first LMJ quads and PETAL beam PETAL _ Equatorial plan ys n Ist LE 80 to 93 Figure X 1 First LMJ PETAL experimental configuration The CPP Type D see section V 4 will be available for all quads the CPP Type E will be available for two quads the CPP Type F will be available for two quads Concerning the Smoothing by Spectral Dispersion the 2 GHz modulation will be activated for all shots and the 14 GHZ modulation will be activated if required X 2 Target bay equipment About 10 SIDs are envisioned for LMJ but by the end of 2016 only 3 of them will be available 1 LMJ SID and 2 PETAL SID According to the first LMJ PETAL configuration the ILP has chosen in 2012 the preferred SID locations for the PETAL diagnostics As a consequence and for sake of minimizing the number of Facility reconfiguration the operational positions available i
26. er architecture a ANDEAN RANARMLA ESNAL A RAUAN3pA 12 V 2 LMJ Frequency conversion and focusing scheme cccccccccccccccceeeeaeeeesesseseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaas 15 Voe Beam y MOODS eseis a te a em 16 VPO 517205 ae EE E EE 16 N De EN61 M uer TET TETUR 17 V 0 Pulse shaping capabilities seien dete o oe Rene e Uwe terae oen pend de v ut emau e Qe Persea osten d knee uad 17 NT Lager PRICES T COE 19 VI PE TAL TS RSS ASS 1 T e 21 VL Target area and associated equipments sise 23 NME Da OS ICS RE 26 VII 1 De eS IMa ORDER 27 VIII 2 DMX LMJ Soft X ray broadband time resolved spectrometer 29 VIIL 3 Mini DMX Soft X ray broadband time resolved spectrometerf 30 M A UI EZ OS 3 4716 Cm 7 31 MIL SS Backscatt ring SOS cerca eacuee cate ssasacanqnececan N aas OE ENE K EEEE ENEE ER 32 VIII 6 Diagnostics in Conceptual Design Phase 22 IX FETAL Ora eS Sc da de ana see de aa Pas nM Ma boe eat at li ie 33 IX 1 Electron and proton spectrometer SEPAGE ss 33 IX 2 Electron spectrometers SESAME ccccccccccccssssesssssssessesscceceeecececeecececsscesscsssseeeeeeeeeeeeceeeees 34 IX 3 Hard X ray spectrometer SPECTIX sise 34 X First experimental Config ItatEOE s cepe oco saa vos o rerien ne 0000 i npin araea n SE EEn Ea ER S EE REDE E i Eais ii 35 AX l Laser beams CBatacbe ASUS eee ce errer 35
27. er pulse shape per quad P TW as a function of time and Energy kJ per quad the Energy Power diagram is presented in Figure V 9 The laser aim points per quad 2 2 For PETAL beam Pulse duration between 0 5 and 10 ps Energy the current transport mirrors limit the available energy on target at 1 kJ for the 2017 2018 timeframe Best focus position 3 The Diagnostic Configuration The primary and secondary diagnostics for the physics goal must be specified Concerning Diagnostics in SID 3 SID are available in the 2017 2018 timeframe The Table VII 1 indicates the available locations The fixed diagnostics if needed are DMX in MS8 SESAME 1 and SESAME 2 4 The Target description Sketch of the targets including their dimensions and the manufacturer of the targets must be provided The CEA target laboratory will be in charge of the alignment of the targets at target center chamber TCC 5 The Preliminary Nuclear Safety analysis In order to later fulfill the CEA LMJ nuclear safety rules the following information are required A rough estimate of the X ray and or electrons and or ions emitted spectra with their angular distribution The list of all the constitutive target materials with estimated mass 6 Preparation requirements The list of the experimental capabilities which need to be commissioned prior to the physics experiment is requested specific ns shaped pulse PW laser contrast chara
28. f materials radiative hydrodynamics turbulent hydrodynamics X ray radiation transfer mixing physics in convergent flows actinides studies etc Some specific studies included in the previous list may be considered not sensitive EOS and opacities are notably concerned Regarding EOS and constitutive relations and damage laws simple elements or mixture can be studied at any pressure if their atomic number is lower or equal to 71 For atomic number between 72 and 91 included the pressure is limited to 1000 GPa For atomic number greater than 91 the domain is considered as sensitive at any pressure Atomic spectra and opacities can be studied for any temperature for element whose atomic number is lower or equal to 36 For other elements the temperature is limited to 50 eV The open domains for experiments are summarized in the figure III 3 Pressure Temperature GPa eV Sensitive Sensitive domain domain 1000 50 Open domain Open domain 71 H Asamionnmber Z 36 Atomic number Z Figure III 3 a Accessible pressure and atomic number for Equation of State experiments b Accessible temperature for opacities experiments III 5 Selection process A call for proposals for experiments on the LMJ PETAL laser facility will regularly be issued on an annual basis by ILP CEA and Aquitaine Region Depending on the experiment complexity experiments will be approved on a one year or two year basis The more complex selected ex
29. finest accuracy 50 um rms is achieved inside a 30 mm diameter x 30 mm high orthocylinder see Figure V 8 Outside this first cylinder the pointing volume can be described by two other imbricated cylinders with a 75 to 100 um pointing accuracy These capabilities have to be considered for the positioning of X ray backlighters for instance CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 15 LMJ LASER SYSTEM Upper quads 30mm 30 mm 100 mm sette 75 um DRE sais 100 mm Lower quads Figure V 8 LMJ pointing volume and expected pointing accuracy rms V 3 Beam Smoothing To reduce the peak intensity of the light on the target several techniques are available on LMJ continuous phase plate see paragraph V 4 and smoothing by spectral dispersion Two phase modulations at 2 GHz and 14 GHz around the central wavelength are realized The first one 2 GHz is used to raise the threshold of appearance of the Brillouin effects in optics at the end of the laser chain The second one 14 GHz is dedicated to Smoothing by Spectral Dispersion SSD The full bandwidth available with both frequency modulations is 0 5 nm at 10 in order to reduce the contrast in the speckles of the focal spot on the target down to 20 43 Due to the specific LMJ focusing system the movement of speckles in the focal spot 1s along the laser axis longitudinal SSD instead of being perpendicular to this axis transverse SSD as in standard laser faci
30. get will be installed later CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 3 LMJ PETAL OVERVIEW e a set of visualization stations for target positioning SOPAC stations as System for Optical Positioning and Alignment inside Chamber e aset of about ten Systems for Insertion of Diagnostic SID will be installed they will position 150 kg diagnostic with a 50 um precision The PETAL project consists in the addition of one short pulse 500 fs to 10 ps ultra high power high energy beam few kJ to LMJ PETAL will offer a combination of a very high intensity multi petawatt beam synchronized with the nanosecond beams of LMJ PETAL will expand the LMJ experimental field on HEDP The PETAL design is based on the Chirped Pulse Amplification CPA technique combined with Optical Parametric Amplification OPA Furthermore it takes the benefits of the laser developments made for the high energy LMJ facility allowing it to reach the kilojoule level Over 30 photon and particle diagnostics are considered with high spatial temporal and spectral resolution in the optical X ray and nuclear domains Beside classical diagnostics specific diagnostics adapted to PET AL capacities will be available in order to characterize particles and radiation yields that can be created by PETAL 42 The development of PETAL diagnostics takes place within the Equipex project PETAL funded by the French Research National Agency ANR within the framework of the Programme d I
31. he open zone and only 2 km away from LMJ PETAL building III 3 CEA CESTA Access and regulations CEA CESTA is a national security laboratory with regulated entry Visitors must make prior arrangements at least 8 weeks before any visit The experimental campaigns on LMJ PETAL will be planned at least 6 months in advance and the access to CEA CESTA could be extended up to a 3 months period In order to gain admittance the requested information 1s the following Last name first name place of birth nationality dual nationality if any nationality of birth passport number and date of validity CNI number and validity for French citizen home address name and address of employer research institution funding agency professional phone number professional email contact in case of emergency Please notice that access to LMJ PETAL is of CEA responsibility only Acceptance of an experimental proposal by ILP doesn t automatically grant access to CEA for all of the collaborators According to confidentiality rules no justifications would be given in case of denied access to the facility Professional computers may be authorized on site provided that the MAC address and physical address of the computer were given with the aforementioned personal information Internet connectivity will be provided in a dedicated room however no Wi Fi capabilities are available inside CEA CESTA All types of cellular telephones are forbidden This restriction also app
32. he target chamber see Table VILI SESAME 1 will allow electrons spectra measurements at 0 of PETAL axis whereas SESAME 2 will work at 45 of PETAL axis Permanent magnets are used to deflect particles toward Imaging Plates Detectors IPs The range of these electron spectrometers is 5 to 150 MeV 150 MeV Magnetic shielding Image plate IP Electrons Figure IX 2 Principle and current design of SESAME diagnostic IX 3 Hard X ray spectrometer SPECTIX The SPECTIX spectrometer is a hard photon spectrometer intended to be complementary with the photon spectrometers DMX that will be working for the first LMJ shots The energy range 6 to 100 keV the resolving power gt 100 and the signal dynamics 10 to 10 photons sr lead to choose a transmission Cauchois type optics 77 78 The concept of SPECTIX is based on the combination of a spherical crystal used in transmission refraction and a mechanical collimator The refraction properties of the crystal are combined geometrically with the collimator in order to correlate the positions of the photons with their energies In this scheme the dispersion of the spectrometer convoluted with the size of the collimator provides the resolving power of the device Identification of contributors to the background noise in such type of hard X ray spectrometers and shielding optimization were performed with the help of Monte Carlo simulations 79 Alignment laser Debris shi
33. idered The maximum sustainable laser energy for a given pulse shape will be refined with feedbacks from laser scientists 45 46 during the preliminary design review of an experiment Operational limits depend on the exact pulse shape and the type of CPP The figure V 9 gives the maximum performances and the recommended setting as a function of pulse duration for square pulses Power per quad TW 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Energy per quad kJ Figure V 9 LMJ sustainable operational energy and power limits The red line is the maximum performances the green line is the recommended setting in order to limit damage on optics 9 During the first experiments performed in 2014 the LMJ facility has proved a shot to shot repeatability of the delivered energy per quad better than 3 V 6 Pulse shaping capabilities The LMJ source master oscillator is designed to deliver complex ignition pulse As a consequence a wide variety of pulse shapes can be produced on LMJ with a minimum duration of 0 7 ns and a maximum duration of 20 ns Complex pulse shapes rising pulse decreasing pulse multiple pulse with pedestal etc can be fashioned but will required some test laser shots for a fine tuning 46 Some examples of pulse shapes are given in figure V 10 and V 11 All the LMJ beams will be synchronized at the center of the target chamber within a standard deviation of 40 ps CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 17 LMJ LASER SYSTEM
34. later It is also the case for data depending on material handling inside target bay area which is regulated by safety procedures for contamination control and radiation monitoring Raw experimental data and or data translated into physics units will be accessible to the PI and his experimental team as soon as possible after the shot The data release is of CEA responsibility The release of detailed response functions of some diagnostics like for example the detailed response functions of DMX LMJ channels may be considered as classified information This is why only consolidated data in physics units will be delivered to the PI in such a case By any way the CEA Experiment Manager will ensure that all essential physics data are delivered to the PI He is responsible for the quality of the experimental data Data support will be either USB keys for the data directly available after the shot or CD ROM for consolidated and scanned data The baseline data format of LMJ data is a custom hdf5 CEA will provide hdf5 structure description and if necessary basic tools to extract the information III 10 Publications and Authorship practices Results of LMJ PETAL experiments are expected to be published in major journals and presented in scientific conferences The PI should inform CEA DAM of any publication a few weeks before any major conference APS DPP IFSA EPS ECLIM ICHED HEDLA HTPD etc using the email address userLM J cea fr It is of PI resp
35. lies for CEA people inside restricted areas like the LMJ PETAL building The cell phones should be kept secured in a cell phones garage at the badging center entry III 4 Confidentiality rules The CEA DAM would be pleased to promote a wide participation of the academic communities to the scientific and technologic researches which will be performed on the LMJ PETAL facility However as an organism which is in charge for the control of scientific disciplines involved in nuclear deterrence the CEA DAM has to follow the protection rules regarding National Defense As a consequence some information and data obtained from laser experiments have to be protected according to the Guide on the sensitiveness of information in the field of Inertial Confinement Fusion General Secretary for Defense and National Security Document 3235 SGDSN AIST of May 30 2012 CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 6 POLICIES AND ACCESS That is why some indications are given below to prevent or reduce any risk of reject of proposal according to confidentiality rules Most of research themes can be carried out on LMJ PETAL without any restriction optics laser plasma interaction plasma physics particles transport thermal conduction mechanics in continuous media general hydrodynamics nuclear physics etc Some other research fields are considered as sensitive Equation of State EOS atomic spectra and opacities constitutive relations and damage laws o
36. list of materials and masses of the target has to be provided to CEA The targets should arrive at CEA targets laboratory well in advance of the shot to allow proper time for assembly and metrology Targets redundancy should be sufficient to allow fulfilling the shot plan 6 shots CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 36 REFERENCES XII References 1 P Monot et al Phys Rev Lett 74 15 p 2953 1995 2 M Schn rer et al J Appl Phys 80 10 5604 1996 3 G Malka et al Phys Rev Lett 79 11 2053 1997 4 T Feurer et al Phys Rev E 56 4 4608 1997 5 J Fuchs et al Phys Rev Lett 80 1658 1998 6 J Fuchs et al Phys Rev Lett 80 11 2326 1998 7 E Lefebvre et al Phys Plasmas 5 2701 1998 8 P Gibbon et al Phys Plasmas 6 947 1999 9 R L Berger et al Phys Plasmas 6 1043 1999 10 A Chiron et al Euro Phys Journal D 6 383 1999 11 C Cherfils et al Phys Rev Lett 83 5507 1999 12 Th Schlegel et al Phys Rev E 60 2209 1999 13 L Gremillet et al Phys Rev Lett 83 5015 1999 14 A MacKinnon et al Phys Plasmas 6 2185 1999 15 J Fuchs Phys of Plasmas 6 6 2563 1999 16 Ph Mounaix et al Phys Rev Lett 5 4526 2000 17 G Glendinning et al Phys Plasmas 7 2033 2000 18 V N Goncharov et al Phys Plasmas 7 12 5118 2000 19 G Glendinning et al Astrophys J Suppl Series 127 325 2000 20 O Willi et al Nucl Fusion 40 53
37. lities Another smoothing technique polarization smoothing will be installed later for ignition experiments V 4 Spot sizes Various Continuous Phase Plates CPP could be considered for the spot sizes Three types have been defined for the first phase of operations with circular focal spots called CPP Type D Type E and Type F The nominal phase plate is the Type D for heating the target The Type E provides a larger focal spot for uniform irradiation direct drive EOS experiments or large backlighter The Type F provides a smaller focal for radiography purposes The peak intensity on target for a 5 TW pulse the diameters of focal spots at 3 of the peak intensity and the order of the super Gaussian describing the intensity profile are given in the Table below CPP Diameters at 3 Intensity 5 TW Super Gaussian um W cm Order Type D 940 1 8 10 2 6 Type E 3 5 Type F 630 6 10 TBD Table V 2 Characteristics of standard Continuous Phase Plates CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 16 LMJ LASER SYSTEM V 5 Energy and Power The available laser energy for user experiments is constrained by optical damages on gratings 44 and vacuum windows and operating costs Whereas LMJ nominal laser energy is designed for 30 kJ per quad for ignition experiments a lot of CEA experiments will be performed at limited laser energy to reduce the optical damages on final optics Experimental designs with 10 to 15 kJ per quad are to be cons
38. ls 350 750 nm Table VIII 1 LMJ diagnostics names and their main characteristics Companion Table top laser facilities 55 or X ray sources 56 are used to perform metrology of the X ray diagnostics before any plasma experiment VIII 1 X rays imagers The development of grazing incidence X ray microscopes is one of the skills of CEA diagnostics development laboratory On LMJ shrapnel 57 and X ray loading 58 impose to place any imager as far away from the source as possible which would degrade the spatial resolution Grazing incidence X ray microscopes allow overpassing this limitation Compared to standard pinhole imagers they offer also the best solution in terms of resolution versus signal to noise ratio The design of LMJ X rays imagers benefits from years of expertise either on OMEGA 59 or LIL X rays imagers 60 61 These imagers either gated GXI 1 and GXI 2 or streaked SHXI and SSXI share a common mechanical structure see Figure VIII 1 with the X rays optical block itself a telescopic extension and the optical analyzer X ray framing camera or streaked camera working inside an air box mechanical structure see Figure VIIL2 62 Diagnostics development takes into account the harsh environment 63 which will be encountered on LMJ as well as the electromagnetic perturbations induced by PETAL 64 Target Chamber center Figure VIII 1 Common mechanical structure of LMJ X rays imager CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User
39. mbining filters mirrors and coaxial detectors It is positioned at its working distance 1000 mm or 3500 mm by an insertion device manipulator SID This diagnostic like DMX is absolutely calibrated CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 30 LMJ DIAGNOSTICS Figure VIII 5 Mini DMX diagnostic positioned at working distance with SID Coaxial detector holder Laser alignment system Entrance 4 Grazing incidence Filters 8 collimator array mirror holder Figure VIII 9 Details of mini DMX diagnostic VIII 4 EOS Pack The development of the EOS pack takes into account the feedback of the same kind of diagnostic that was in operation on the LIL facility 74 The diagnostic laser and optical analyzers will be hardened and protected against EMP inside a Faraday cage The goal is to be fully operational with PETAL so that simultaneous EOS measurements and side on shock radiography may be possible The different acquisition channels are listed in the Table VIIL I A two dimensional Gated Optical Imager GOI will be added together with the 2 VISAR at 532 nm and 1060 nm The use of the EOS pack requests the S20 location for the insertion of the optical system inside the chamber and the S7 location see Table VIL 1 for laser injection and laser collection see Figure VIII 10 CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 31 LMJ DIAGNOSTICS Optical system im i Faraday room Figure VIII 10 EOS pack location and closer view on
40. mirror channels 0 05 1 5keV 30 5 amp 50 15 50 5to 250 25 Imager high resolution X ray Spectrometers Spatial resol um Temp resol ps Field of view mm dynamic ns 20 broad band channels 0 03 20 keV 2 5 0000 100 DMX 0 1 1 5 keV Broad band X ray Grating X ray spectrometer AA 1A 1 5 LAM o a spectrometer Laser Entrance Hole Imager 0 5 2 keV 100 5 00 Specific mechanics hi X ray Power 2 0 4 0 keV 2 5 100 4 0 6 0 keV Mini DMX ROUE ACTES 16 broad band channels 0 03 7 keV 45 100 spectrometer CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 26 Diagnostics X 5 Characteristics Spectral range amp Setting LMJ DIAGNOSTICS Optical diagnostics Diagnostics Spatial resol um Temp resol ps Field of view mm dynamic ns Characteristics Spectral range 2 VISAR Infra Red and Green 0 5 200 km s 50 5 to 500 100 EOS pack Shock Break Out SBO _ 30 110 100 10 experiments SID microscope Reflectiviy O01 1 10 11050 5 50 5 to 500 100 Image 2D 2 or 4 images 100 10 75 200 5 20 amp Setting Brillouin spectrometer AA lt 346 356 nm 346 356 FABS 0 05nm id MEM 50 5 to 250 25 Full Aperture Raman spectrometer AA lt 5 nm 350 750 nm Backscattering Stations F 2 Brillouin power channels ocusing system 250 25 2 Raman power channels 350 750 nm NBI 2 Brillouin power channels 346 356 nm Near Backscatter Imager 27 16 1000 10 Lobo 2 Raman power channe
41. n the 2017 2019 timeframe will be e 12 16 S20 522 S26 in the equatorial plane for LMJ or PETAL SIDs e S2 and S17 close to the polar axis for LMJ SIDs The proposed experimental configurations should take these constraints into account The available LMJ diagnostics by the end of 2016 will be GXI 1 SHXI GXI 2 SSXI DMX and EOS pack FABS and NBI will be available by the end of 2017 CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 35 TARGETS XI Targets XI 1 Assembly and metrology capabilities The target laboratory at CEA CESTA is responsible for the mounting of the user supplied targets on the structure necessary for the alignment at target center chamber TCC The metrology of the targets prior to the shot will also be performed in this laboratory Depending on the target geometry a precision better than 10 um rms can be reached A CAD drawing of the target step file must be provided to CEA before any target part fabrication in order to check the feasibility of alignment diagnostics line of sight etc The SOPAC stations will provide various targets views at TCC The target engineer and CEA Experiment Coordinator RCE together with the PI and CEA Experiment Manager MOE will define the alignment reticles necessary to match the requested alignment precision Figure XI 1 Examples of SOPAC views and alignment reticles in red XI 2 User supplied targets To comply with nuclear and facility safety procedures the exhaustive
42. nostics Project funded by ANR Equipex Projects PFM Pulse Forming Module PI Principal Investigator PIA Programme d Investissement d Avenir French National program for promising investment RCE CEA Experiment Coordinator RCF Radio Chromic Film RH Reference Holder RMS Root mean square SBO Shock Break Out SEPAGE Electrons and protons spectrometer for high energy SESAME Electron spectrometer for medium energy SHXI Streaked Hard X ray Imager CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 40 GLOSSARY SID System for Insertion of Diagnostics SOLEIL French Synchrotron facility located at L orme des Merisiers 91190 Saint Aubin SOP Streaked Optical Pyrometer SOPAC System for Optical Positioning and Alignment inside Chamber SSD Smoothing by Spectral Dispersion SSXI Streaked Soft X ray Imager TBD To be determined TCC Target chamber center TP Thomson Parabola TPS Target Positioning System VISAR Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 41 APPENDIX XV Appendix GPS coordinates e CEA CESTA 44 39 30 N 0 48 29 8 W e LMJ 44 38 08 8 N 0 47 12 W e LP building 44 38 13 N 0 47 54 1 W List of hotels close to CEA CESTA in Bordeaux and Arcachon Close to CEA CESTA Bordeaux H tel Restaurant LE R SINIER H tel Quality Suites Bordeaux a roport 4 68 av des Pyr n es RNIO 83 avenue JF Kennedy 33114 LE BARP 33700 MERIGNAC Tel
43. nvestissement d Avenir PIA of the French Government The first CEA DAM physics experiments on LMJ have been performed at the end of 2014 with a limited number of beams and diagnostics The operational capabilities number of beams and plasma diagnostics will increase gradually during the following years The first academic experiments on LMJ PETAL will be performed in 2017 with 16 beams 4 quads and PETAL beam 3 SID and 12 diagnostics First laser shots on LIL 2002 Beginning of the construction of the LMJ facility 2003 LMJ target chamber installed 2006 LMJ building commissioning 2008 First target physics experiments on LMJ with 2 quads 2014 First academic experiments on LMJ with 4 quads and PETAL 2017 Table II 1 History of LIL LMJ and PETAL facilities from the beginning of the LIL to the academic opening of LMJ PETAL CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 4 POLICIES AND ACCESS III Policies and Access to CEA CESTA and LMJ facility III 1 Driving directions and accommodations The LMJ PETAL facility is located at CEA CESTA 15 avenue des Sabli res CS 60001 33116 Le Barp Cedex France GPS coordinates are given in the appendix In Figure III 1 directions are given for visitors traveling from either the Bordeaux Merignac Airport or SNCF Bordeaux railway station The A63 highway provides direct access to CEA CESTA The driving distance from Bordeaux is 35 km approximately 30 minutes in normal traffic
44. olar axis Target viewing station 292 59 Optical system of EOS pack 328 5 PETAL SPECTIX diagnostic Opposite S12 180 PETAL SEPAGE diagnostic Table VII I Spherical coordinate of target equipment and diagnostics insertors The unavailable locations for experiments in 2017 19 are indicated 79 Close to polar axis gt CAPRA A xe Bs UNE ENI A Na EN CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 24 TARGET AREA AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENTS S17 0 0 S1 16 333 En S3 16 153 S26 90 180 3 S12 90 148 5 1 S5 90 112 5 lt 5 a o o m S S22 90 328 5 S2 164 279 Figure VII 3 3D view of the SIDs location on the target chamber S1 S3 and S5 are unavailable in 2017 19 7 is dedicated to laser injection and collection for EOS Pack Figure VII 4 View of the upper part of the target bay CEA DAM LMI PETAL User Guide 25 LMJ DIAGNOSTICS VIII LMJ Diagnostics Over 30 diagnostics are considered with high spatial temporal and spectral resolution in the optical X ray and nuclear domains Plans for LMJ diagnostics began with LIL laser facility and rely on decades of expertise in the design fabrication and commissioning of advanced plasma diagnostics The OMEGA laser facility has also been used and will continue to be the test bed for the development of CEA nuclear diagnostics The early diagnostics designed using the
45. onsibility to judge who made a significant contribution or only a minor to the research study However CEA Experiment Manager MOE and CEA Experiment Coordinator RCE as well as CEA Diagnostics leaders should be co authors of the first publications of the campaign they have been involved in A statement acknowledging the use of LMJ PETAL should be included in all publications The sources of financial support for the project ANR ILP ERC should also be disclosed CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 10 LMJ BUILDING DESCRIPTION IV LMJ Building description The LMJ building covers a total area of 40 000 m 300 m long x 100 to 150 m wide It includes four similar laser bays 128 meters long situated in pairs on each side of the central target bay The target bay 1s a cylinder of 60 meters diameter and 38 meters height with a 2 meters thick concrete wall for biological protection At the center of the target bay the target chamber consists of a 10 meters diameter aluminum sphere fitted with two hundred ports for the injection of the laser beams and the location of diagnostics and target holders The four lasers bays completed by the end of 2013 are now equipped with all the supporting optics infrastructures and the final optical components are currently being installed The PETAL laser beam takes the place of one classical LMJ bundle inside the South East laser Bay Switchyard N O Easer bay e K N E Laser bay 5 bundles
46. periments will be given a few laser shots in the first year intended to demonstrate the feasibility of the experiment On the basis of the results of the campaign of the first year more laser shots will be assigned on the second year The selection process for experimental proposals on LMJ PETAL is the following e First a Letter of Intent LOI should be addressed by research groups to ILP Z A Laseris 1 avenue du M doc F 33114 Le Barp ILP LMJ call cpht polytechnique fr This LOI should describe the purpose of the experiment the research groups involved in the experiment the laser requirements energy power pulse shape etc the diagnostic requirements the target requirements the number of laser shots requested limited to 6 per campaign A pre selection of the most pertinent experiments will be done by the International Scientific Advisory Committee of PETAL established by ILP e Secondly a full proposal should be sent to ILP ILP LMJ call cpht polytechnique fr and CEA DAM userLM J cea fr by the pre selected groups This report will include 1 The experimental configuration at the target chamber center including realistic target dimensions and position of additional targets backlighter if any 2 The laser configuration CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 7 POLICIES AND ACCESS 2 1 For LMJ beams The desired spot sizes see Table V 2 and Optical Smoothing Conditions 2 GHz or 2 14 GHz The las
47. ranged with a vertical axis LMJ is configured to operate usually in the indirect drive scheme 41 which directs the laser beams into cones in the upper and lower hemispheres of the target chamber Forty quads enter the target chamber through ports that are located on two cones at 33 2 CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 13 LMJ LASER SYSTEM and 49 polar angles Four other quads enter the target chamber at 59 5 polar angle and will be dedicated to radiographic purpose see Figure V 5 The PETAL beam enters the experimental chamber in the equatorial plane 33 2 0 quads 59 5 2 quads DORE TA y ZOS AE quads xh AN 131 10 quads 146 8 10 quads Figure V 5 Target chamber and geometry of the LMJ irradiation A detailed configuration of irradiation geometry is given in Figure V 6 and the spherical coordinates of all beam ports are given in Table V 1 Upper quad 99 81 Po Lower quad i First operative lt P lt quads in 2016 F 49 59 5 90 T PETAL 346 5 333 Third operative quads E 2d 315 297 Second 261 279 operative quads Figure V 6 Irradiation geometry of LMJ quads and PETAL beam The first operative quads are indicated CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 14 LMJ LASER SYSTEM Beam Port 6 oq BeamPort 6 o BeamPort 9 BeamPort 6 7280 7 3527 817 10286 1317 ui 3 733 ss 65 1 A PETALS 3465 O
48. re VI 1 shows the implementation of PETAL in the LMJ facility The PETAL beamline occupies the place of a LMJ bundle in the South East laser bay The compressor stages are situated at the bottom level of the target bay and after a transport under vacuum the beam is focused in the equatorial plane of the LMJ chamber via an off axis parabolic mirror Focusing parabola LMJ bundles Fig VI 1 Implementation of PETAL in the LMJ facility The PETAL beam is focused in the equatorial plane of the target chamber The front end consists in a standard Ti sapphire mode locked oscillator delivering 3nJ 100 fs 16 nm pulse at 77 76 MHz and 1053 nm wavelength The pulse is stretched to 9 ns in an Offner stretcher in eight passes Then the pulse is sent to the Pre Amplifier Module PAM including OPA stages and pump laser The OPA scheme consists of two cascaded LBO crystals and a BBO crystal A 150 mJ amplified signal pulse with a shot to shot stability of less than 2 has been demonstrated on the LIL facility 49 50 The PETAL amplifier section has the same architecture as the LIL LMJ amplifier section using a single 37 x 35 6 cm beam It is a four pass system with angular multiplexing and a Reverser It uses 16 amplifier laser slabs arranged in two sets and delivering up to 6 kJ At this stage due to gain narrowing the bandwidth is reduced to 3 nm and duration to 1 7 ns The main differences with the LIL LMJ power chain are the wavefront and chromatism
49. t this point CEA DAM could ask the CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 8 POLICIES AND ACCESS research group to amend their proposal if it does not match the rules or if a feasibility matter is identified Following the Launch Review the selected groups will prepare a detailed report to be sent to CEA DAM userLM J cea fr approximately 18 months in advance of the experimental campaign This report will complete the full proposal with feasibility studies simulation results including X ray and particles emissions detailed target description etc e A Follow up Review occurs approximately 6 months later The selected group exposes the advances of the experimental preparations and results of identified extra studies This review is based on the abovementioned detailed report Depending on the progresses made other Follow up Reviews may be scheduled e The Design Review is conducted approximately 12 months in advance of the experimental campaign In addition to the previous specified data s laser and diagnostic configurations target description shots logic this review provides all information required by the facility consideration of target debris nuclear safety analysis diagnostics predictions etc e The Readiness Review occurs approximately 1 month prior to the date of the experiment It is the final check to ensure that all preparations for execution of the experiment are complete III 7 Responsibilities during Shot Cycle
50. the analysis Table VIII 5 Backscattering stations A Full Aperture Backscattering Stations FABS will be operational in 2017 on the upper quadruplets 28U a second one will be installed later on the upper quadruplets 29U see Table V 1 They will allow power and spectral measurements of the Brillouin and Raman scattering light within the focusing aperture of LMJ quadruplet Power measurements in the Raman and Brillouin range outside the focusing aperture Near Backscattered Imager NBI will be operational soon after VIII 6 Diagnostics in Conceptual Design Phase The future LMJ diagnostics in Conceptual Design Phase include Enhanced resolution X ray imager Spatially resolved spectrometer Gated soft X ray imager Activation diagnostic Neutron Imaging and Neutron Time of Flight Detectors 75 76 Neutron Spectrometer The delivery of these new diagnostics will begin in 2019 CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 32 PETAL DIAGNOSTICS IX PETAL diagnostics Beside classical LMJ diagnostics specific diagnostics adapted to PETAL capacities are being fabricated in order to characterize particles and radiation yields that can be created by PETAL 42 this is the PETAL project PETAL is an academic project coordinated by the University of Bordeaux It is funded by the French Agency for National Research ANR within the framework of the National program EquipEx devoted to scientific equipment of high quality The set of equipment
51. tics a time resolved Soft X ray Large Band spectrometer made of 20 measurement channels combining mirror filters and X ray diodes a time resolved Soft X ray spectrometer with gratings and streaked camera a time resolved Soft X ray Laser Entrance Hole Imaging with X ray diodes array a time resolved X ray Power measurement spectrally integrated CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 29 LMJ DIAGNOSTICS Vacuum valve Filters box X ra gt 200 unities 4 Target chamber detectors Streaked interface i camera Telescopic arm Gimbal collimators inside Vacuum and nuclear venting equipment Length 8 to 11 meters Figure VIII 6 DMX diagnostic Beside standard soft X ray measurements devoted to hohlraum energetics the filtration of the channels could be adapted for specific purpose such as conversion efficiency characterization of backlighters 70 72 However as those measurements may require additional filters metrology on synchrotron beam lines synchrotron SOLEIL at Saint Aubin the request should be done well in advance Multilayer mirrors with spectral bandwidth are also under development for flat response X ray channels 73 Figure VIII 7 Photograph of DMX during qualification test VIIL 3 Mini DMX Soft X ray broadband time resolved spectrometer Mini DMX is a second hohlraum energetic performance measurements axis on the LMJ facility This diagnostic is composed of 16 broadband channels co
52. versity of Bordeaux funded through the PIA by the ANR French National Research Agency universit BORDEAUX CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 39 GLOSSARY XIV Glossary ANR French Agency for National Research APS DPP Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American Physical Society CAD Computer Assisted Design CEA DAM Military Applications Division of CEA CPA Chirped Pulse Amplification CPP Continuous Phase Plates DMX Broad band X ray spectrometer ECLIM European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter EOS Equation of State EOS Pack Diagnostics set for EOS experiments EPS Conference on Plasma Physics of the European Physical Society ERC European Research Council FABS Full Aperture Backscattering Stattion GOI Gated Optical Imager GXII Gated X ray Imager GXI2 Gated X ray Imager HEDLA Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics HEDP High Energy Density Physics HTPD Conference on High Temperature Plasma Diagnostics ICF Inertial Confinement Fusion ICHED International Conference in High Energy Densities IFSA Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications ILP Institut Laser amp Plasmas IP Imaging Plate LIL Laser Integration Line LMJ Laser Megajoule LOI Letter of Intent LPI Laser Plasma Interaction MOE CEA Experiment Manager NBI Near Backscattered Imager OPA optical parametric amplification PAM Pre Amplifier Module PETAL Petawatt Aquitaine Laser PETAL PETAL diag
53. y To ensure personnel and equipment safety it is mandatory that the LMJ Control Room remains a quiet area during shot operations Shot preparation is a long process and will take a few hours which include some phases not relevant for physicists A dedicated meeting room will be available close to the LMJ Control Room for the PI for the final shot phase when his presence is necessary To limit administrative duties and escort procedures the number of external users allowed to follow one shot is limited to 4 people maximum typically the PI co PI if any one PhD student and diagnostics expert for PETAL diagnostics for instance Those people could rotate during the week or the experimental campaign providing the access procedures have been followed CEA DAM LMJ PETAL User Guide 9 POLICIES AND ACCESS p 4 Figure III 4 View of the LMJ Control Room III 9 Data access The laser pulse shapes and raw laser energy are immediately observable after the shot like X ray images acquired on X ray framing camera or streaked camera when they are directly recorded on electronic devices CCD The consolidated laser energy will be communicated at the end of the experimental campaign because it requires evaluation of the vacuum window transmission which could have been modified by laser induced damages For data requiring digitizing or scan like Image Plate the data release will not be possible immediately after the shot but a few hours

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