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1. o _ en concentration of ethyl chloride ca un Input shape fle o emane eoncentationofethane un Input shape le oo en concentration of carbon ten Mmpatinshapetle o _ CF concentration of rchloromethane horror ten e Mmputinshapetile 0 _ cw concentationofDichoromethene Methylene Mmputinshapetile kw fconcentationofchiromethane Methyctlorde eM ml Mmputinshapetile 0 _ RAD concentration ofAccticnid mA bombe concentration of free coras my Mputinshapetie o METHANE Concentration of Methane mputinshapetile o _ SULFATES Concentration ofsulfates meh Mmputinshapetie oo SULFIDE my tmp shape le o _ FeTOTAL concentration offotlion input shape fle O jcoenwawonoffemeswon my iS MANGANESE concentration of Manganese 0 concentationchNieates Mmputinshapetie 0 AMMONIUM concentration ofAmmonium my mputinshapete 0 En impatinshapetile 0 p mtmshgetie Dissolved Organic Carbon Non Purgeable organic Carbon VOCs OC mg l Input in shape file excluded DOC NPOC CHEMOXD Chemical oxygen demand Input in shape file ALCOHOLS Concentration of Alcohols Input in shape file Concentration of Non halogenated Volatile Org
2. SOFTWARE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF MASS BALANCE AND BIODEGRADATION IN AQUIFERS USER S GUIDE VERSION 1 0 CRDZ102218 RREDLB00034 September 24th 2014 This document was produced for ADEME Convention n 0972C0077 by Juliette CHASTANET S bastien KASKASSIAN Jean Marie COME BURGEAP Wl BURGEAr ADEME coordinator Yves DUCLOS Service Friches Urbaines et Sites Pollu s SFUSP Direction Villes et Territoires Durables ADEME Angers FRANCE Agence de l Environnement et de la Ma trise de l Energie USER S GUIDE SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Ervirennament et de ha Mehrise de l Energie Acknowledgments This software was developed by BURGEAP with the help of the French Agency for the Environment and Energy Management ADEME and of the Fluid Mechanics Institute in Toulouse IMFT We gratefully acknowledge ADEME for its financial support and IMFT for its scientific support Toute repr sentation ou reproduction int grale ou partielle faite sans le consentement de l auteur ou de ses ayants droit ou ayants cause est illicite selon le Code de la propri t intellectuelle art L 122 4 et constitue une contrefa on r prim e par le Code p nal Seules sont autoris es art 122 5 les copies ou reproductions strictement r serv es l usage priv de copiste et non destin es une utilisation collective ainsi que les analyses et courtes citations justifi es par la caract re critique p dagogiq
3. 76332 OUTFLUX mg volatiisation 2674 _ 207661 _ 1327958 1055 220615 488403 ee 997 recharge gain 3212204 006 0062 8159004 22046004 0003 ns am ne c volatiisation loss 0107 990 465 _ 185 _ 7708 2302 _ biodegradation loss 775898 0178 108707 99 5 818726 _ Refer to the user guide for details Flow of each mecanism in the central volume mg d nl 6 lt 5 x 5 o ve m Biodegradation Loss or Gain Dilution Loss Recharge Gsin Volstilisation Loss Upstream Downstream difference SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers Assumption 2 the biodegradation occurs in the central region only INFLUX mg d amu Lis asma sms OUTFLUX mg ane uns _ biodegradation 71630818 455652 3672656 1318238 1880013 104992 _ TU recharge gain 3212204 0006 000 81589004 22046004 0003 me voltisation loss 0107 512 465 185 2302 biodegradation 77 559 62 941 Flow of each the central volume mg d Mass flux 1083 32 Biodegrsdstion Loss or Gain Dilution Loss Recharge Gain Volstilisstion Loss Upstream Downstream difference burgeap fr ADEME Agence da l Envirennament et de
4. mg L 102 00 Sulfide mg L 0 03 0 26 0 06 0 02 ND 0 00 ND Nitrates mg Total iron mg L Dissolved oxygen mg l Ferrous Iron mg L Manganese mg l Eh mV Nitrates mg L ORP mV Ammonium mg L 0 00 1 84 541 518 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 Alcalinity mg l DOC NPOC mg l Dipl conan vali Temperature C Non halogenated VOC ORP nV read value the color classes for sulfate concentrations depend on the values of other Alcalinity mg L parameters please refer to the User s Guide for details L FIGURE 5 INPUT WINDOW OF THE QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT MODULE SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 17 ADEME Agence da l Envirennament et de ha Meftrise de l Energie SAMBBA User s Guide On the right part of the window two areas are dedicated to e instructions to use the sheet Workflow area e acolour coded legend to help in the assessment of the main data table see details in Table 3 In the top left area the user is invited to choose the two shape files needed for the evaluation a plume centerline file and a monitoring wells file The format and information that must contain these files are described in Section 3 1 Besides the user must set the number of monitoring wells to consider in the study this number will only be used in the Qualitative Assessment stud
5. products i e ethene and ethane In addition cis DCE and especially VC reach the identified receptors Moreover biological degradation of TCE cis DCE and VC in the remote plume more than 660 m away from the source zone proves to be inefficient in aerobic conditions The increase in TCE concentration at well PzC is due to the presence of a TCE plume from a nearby site site E Figure 4 mixing together with the main plume from site A 4 2 Tutorial 2 Quantitative evaluation The following example is conducted on the same industrial site than the previous tutorial see the site description in the first paragraph of Section 4 1 In the methodology it is advised to compute the mass balance of the quantitative evaluation in each homogeneous redox condition zone independently Therefore the evaluation will be conducted in the area identified as a suitable zone for methanogen biodegradation in the qualitative evaluation see the conclusion of tutorial 1 The area is located downstream but close to the source zone it is delineated by see figures below a section passing through well A11 with a length fitting the source zone extension 25m and a section located between wells A25 and PZA where the width of the plume is 120m see Figure 4 Before starting the user must always prepare the GIS input files The four required files are ready to use for this tutorial TUTOCenterline sho TUTOWellsData shp TUTOSections shp and TUTOControlVolume s
6. 4 The reader might also refer to the technical guide for more details C me et al 2006a SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 10 ADEME SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Envirennament et de ha Meftrise de l Energie 3 Dealing with the SAMBBA interface The application is composed of three modules Database Qualitative Assessment and Quantitative Assessment These modules are described below In the main window clicking on one of the module box allows to open it Once one module is opened navigation between modules is possible by clicking on another module box the former module stays open in the main menu Only one form for each module can be opened at the same time If the user wants to start a new study he she will have to close the previous one first SAMBBA informs the user about it when opening a new study In both Qualitative Assessment and Quantitative Assessment modules SAMBBA requires GIS files shape format as input The user must prepare these files in any GIS tool first Note that a shape file always goes with a dbf file that includes the attribute table and a shx file for geometric features SAMBBA requires these 2 files with each shp input file 3 1 GIS input files Four different shape files are needed as input see Figure 4 for an example e he plume centerline file polyline shape file e he monitoring wells file point shape file e he
7. Central subsection Total subsection Intermediate subsection Section length m 24 23 Section length m 2493 Section length m 119 50 Section length m Aquifer depth m 4 Aquifer depth m 4 Aquifer depth m Aquifer depth m subsections 4 subsections 3 subsections 5 of subsections yl m y2 m Well name Darcy velocity m d y1 m y2 m Nell name Darcy velocity m d y 1 m y2 m Well name Darcy velocity m d 10 0 06 10 0 06 7 PzA v 0 06 10 14 0 06 10 15 0 06 75 85 0 06 14 18 0 06 15 24 83 0 06 85 90 0 06 18 24 83 0 06 90 100 A25 v 0 06 100 11950 0 06 Volatilisation and Rain Recharge Total control volume shape file TUTOControlVolume shp Browse Volatilized flux ug m d Concentration of recharge ug 0 3 0 009 Surface of total area m 8912 47 233 0 173 149 24 Surface of central area m 2744 20 124 0 0736 26 1 0 009 Recharge flux m s 9 5e 10 54 8 0 009 Compute FIGURE 8 INPUT WINDOW OF THE QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT MODULE SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 23 ADEME Agence da l Envirennament et de ha Meftrise de l Energie SAMBBA User s Guide The second part is dedicated to the input data that are required to compute the convection mass fluxes The data are similar on the upstream and the downstream sections e Section Name the user can choose one of the two sections included in t
8. dilution volatilisation et lessivage Il est bas sur le principe de bilan des flux et permet de calculer des taux de biod gradation tape 3 de la m thodologie Le pr sent ouvrage est le guide de l utilisateur pour ce logiciel SAMBBA version 1 0 Il est compos d instructions pour lancer l application d une description des diff rentes fen tres de l interface et d un tutorial pour chacun des modules Ce logiciel a t d velopp par BURGEAP avec l aide de l Institut de M canique des Fluides de Toulouse IMFT dans le cadre d un projet de Recherche amp D veloppement cofinance par l ADEME BURGEAP est propri taire des sources de ce logiciel Le logiciel SAMBBA est distribu gratuitement SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 5 Agence da l Envirennament et de Is Mehrise de l Energie y SAMBBA User s Guide SAMBBA SOFTWARE END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT IMPORTANT THIS SOFTWARE END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT IS A LEGAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN YOU HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AS CUSTOMER AND BURGEAP READ IT CAREFULLY BEFORE COMPLETING THE INSTALLATION PROCESS AND USING THE SOFTWARE IT PROVIDES A LICENSE TO USE THE SOFTWARE AND CONTAINS WARRANTY INFORMATION AND LIABILITY DISCLAIMERS BY INSTALLING AND USING THE SOFTWARE YOU ARE CONFIRMING YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THE SOFTWARE AND AGREEING TO BECOME BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT 1 License G
9. harmless for the Ethene Ethane environement It highlights a the completion of the Final product dechlorination for chloroethenes amp chloroethanes can lead to chlore balance calculation if it is a conservative Free chloride tracer Methanogenesis Methane Highlight strong reductive conditions highlight sulfate reduction condition only if sulfate Sulfate reduction Sulfates medium concentrations significantly decrease along the plume centerline ginem cnn high Nitrates reduction Nitrates if O2 gt 0 5 mg l and Fell 2 mg l then the degradation is anaerobic aerobic Dissolved oxygen a strictly in aerobic condition Eh 8 confirm the electronic pressure in the medium SS Alcalinity informs on the production of CO2 Non purgeable DOC NPOC informs on the available non purgeable carbons does not dissolved organic inform on the longevity of the DOC source high should be measured when there is a contamination by monoaromatic Purgeable organic UC hydrocarbons These compounds are purgeable and are not carbons 8 low included in the DOC NPOC group If present they are a carbon source for degradation in the presence of dissolved oxygen C_upstream is the parameter concentration or value at the monitoring wells identified by the user as upstream ref in location field TABLE 3 INTERPRETATION OF PARAMETERS FOR THE QUALITATIVE EVALUATION OF BIODEGRADATI
10. high sulfate concentrations prevent even more complete dechlorination due to competition between sulfate reducers and halo respirators for electrons o Measurements of ferrous iron 6 mg L to 18 mg L in A9 A11 and A25 confirm reductive conditions with in addition the absence or near absence of nitrates and dissolved oxygen at locations up gradient from the source zone Lastly alkalinity concentrations confirm high CO2 production at A25 the starting point of the plume Therefore at this site and at the most contaminated zones in particular from A9 to A25 there is evidence of active biological degradation e The pollution caused by chlorinated solvents comes together with other carbon contamination as shown by the high content of dissolved organic carbon that fuels the biological reactions Methanogenesis will continue as long as carbon is available The high production of ethene and ethane indicates that efficient dehalorespirators in particular Dehalococcoides ethenogenes are present and benefit from suitable physic chemical conditions e Regarding the variations of contaminant along the plume centerline the contaminant concentrations are still high at the receptor locations e g in the private well PPB2 Indeed the spatial dimensions of the zone that shows strongly reductive conditions are too small to allow for a long enough residence time for complete reductive dechlorination of the chlorinated contaminants into the harmless end
11. no warranty or condition of title quiet enjoyment quiet possession correspondence to description or non infringement with regard to the software EXCEPT FOR DAMAGE RESULTING FROM BURGEAP S WILLFUL MISCONDUCT THE LIABILITY OF BURGEAP TO CUSTOMER OR ANY THIRD PARTY ARISING FROM THE LICENSE OR USE OF THE SOFTWARE OR THE PROVISION OF TECHNICAL SUPPORT INSTALLATION TRAINING OR OTHER SERVICES IN CONNECTION THEREWITH HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY INCLUDING CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORT SHALL BE LIMITED TO DIRECT DAMAGES NOT TO EXCEED THE AMOUNT OF THE RELATED LICENSE AND SPECIFICALLY IN NO EVENT WILL BURGEAP BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS REVENUE DATA OR DATA USE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES THESE LIMITATIONS WILL APPLY NOTWITHSTANDING THE FAILURE OF THE ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY REMEDY 5 General 5 1 This Agreement and any matter relating thereto shall be governed construed and interpreted in accordance with French law The parties agree that any dispute in relation to the validity interpretation or execution of the Agreement shall be brought before the competent courts in Paris France 5 2 This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the license and use of the Software and supersedes any prior or contemporaneous understandings between the parti
12. sections file polylines shape file he control volume file polygon shape file The first two are required for both the qualitative and the quantitative assessment modules and the last two only for the quantitative assessment The coordinate reference system CRS of these shape files must be a unique metric system same CRS for all the files Graphical Information System SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 11 Agence da l Envirennament et de Is Maftrise de l Energie SAMBBA User s Guide w Sections Control Volume N e Monitoring Wells Plume Centerline Water table elevation m NGF Railway Roads MU Rivers Residential area st Industrial area FIGURE 4 EXAMPLE OF THE FOUR SHAPE FILES REQUIRED BY THE APPLICATION SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 12 ADEME Agence da l Envirennament et de Is Meftrise de l Energie SAMBBA User s Guide 3 1 1 The plume centerline file The plume centerline file must include only one polyline object that represents the plume centerline It passes through the source zone of pollution located around the monitoring wells A10 and A14bis in Figure 4 and extends upstream and downstream to cover the investigated area where the monitoring wells are located This file is used by SAMBBA for its geometric features there are no special requireme
13. CHLOROETHANE 1122 PCA 1 1 2 2 TETRACHLOROETHANE 111 TCA 1 1 1 TRICHLOROETHANE 112 TCA 1 1 2 TRICHLOROETHANE 11 DCA 1 1 DICHLOROETHANE 12 DCA 1 2 DICHLOROETHANE CA CHLOROETHANE ETHANE PCE TETRACHLOROETHENE TCE TRICHLOROETHENE 11 DCE 1 1 DICHLOROETHENE C DCE Cis 1 2 DICHLOROETHENE T DCE TRANS 1 2 DICHLOROETHENE VC VINYL CHLORIDE E ETHENE VOCs Package chlorinated Chloroethenes chloroethanes chloromethanes and petroleum hydrocarbons BTEX and petroleum derivatives Chlorides Sulfates M E E Package Methane ethene et ethane Dissolved Organic Carbon Non Purgeable Organic Carbon DOC NP Pack Se VOCs excluded already measured VOCs Package Dissolved Oxygen mg L Electrochemical Package on site measure Redox Potential mV Temperature C Conductivity uS cm Colorimetric Package Alkalinity mg L of CaCO3 on site measure Ferrous Iron mg L TABLE 1 DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYTICAL PACKAGES REQUIRED FOR THE QUALITATIVE EVALUATION OF THE BIODEGRADATION OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS IN GROUNDWATER The quantitative evaluation step 3 is based on a mass flux balance computation of each process involved in Natural Attenuation NA and allows for the calculation of the biodegradation rates In the present version v1 0 the evaluation can be conducted in the groundwater plume only and for the Chloroethenes family only Note that the method of assessment in the source zone and or for othe
14. Is Mehrise de l Energie SAMBBA User s Guide The mass fluxes of each mechanism together with residual total balance and biodegradation rates are computed by SAMBBA and showed in the resulting tables and charts Assuming biodegradation rates are homogeneous over the whole control volume assumption 1 the results leads to the following comments all contaminants show a decrease in the convective mass fluxes of dissolved contaminant in groundwater between section 1 and section 2 except for ethane dilution considered here as the sum of dilution and dispersion cf Section 3 4 2 is the most prevalent process in the central volume for all contaminants except for DCE where convection is predominant and ethane depending on the contaminant dilution accounts for 67 to 84 96 of the flux attenuation between sections difference between the up gradient and down gradient transects The error flag shown next to the dilution flux of ethane indicates a mass balance incoherence as dilution fluxes should be negative outfluxes sign is negative by convention the second most prevalent processes except for ethane are convection and biodegradation the later accounting for 496 to 2496 the contribution from volatilization is non significant while the contribution from vapour washout is nearly zero largely due to the presence of industrial buildings and road asphalt 1 order biodegradation constants given from mass balance calculations vary
15. M Schafer G Mos R Delaplace P Haeseler F 2006 182 p http www ademe fr sites default files assets documents 255B51391 255D 2520Guide_modelisatio C me et al 2006b modelling the fate of chlorinated solvents in aquifers Technical guide extended abstract MACAOH R amp D project ADEME http www ademe fr sites default files assets documents 255B69420 255D 25206835 MACAOH Modeling Summary pdf SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 34 Agence da l Envirennament et de Is Mehrise de l Energie L ADEME EN BREF L Agence de l Environnement et de la Ma trise de l Energie ADEME est un tablissement public sous la triple tutelle du minist re de l Ecologie du D veloppement durable des Transports et du Logement du minist re de l Enseignement sup rieur et de la Recherche et du minist re de l Economie des Finances et de l Industrie Elle participe la mise en oeuvre des politiques publiques dans les domaines de l environnement de l nergie et du d veloppement durable Afin de leur permettre de progresser dans leur d marche environnementale l agence met disposition des entreprises des collectivit s locales des pouvoirs publics et du grand public ses capacit s d expertise et de conseil Elle aide en outre au financement de projets de la recherche la mise en uvre et ce dans les domaines suivants la gestion des d chets la pr servation des sols l
16. ON PLEASE REFER TO TABLE 2 FOR ABBREVIATIONS 3 3 2 The Graphs tabs These tabs are activated once the Input data tab is complete All graphs represent some parameters of the main table vertical axis versus the distance from the source horizontal axis The first three graphs tabs are dedicated to the three families of aliphatic chlorinated solvents see Figure 6 for the chloroethenes family They include e the mass concentrations of the family compounds including the final product of biodegradation ethene ethane or methane depending on the family e the molar concentration of the family compounds e the molar proportion of three groups of chlorinated compounds the parent species the metabolic intermediates and the final products Table 4 presents the groups of compounds for each family e the dechloration rates The last tab presents parameters for the visualisation of oxidation reduction and inorganic electrons acceptor donor along the centreline Figure 7 SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 19 SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Envirennament et de h Me trise de l Energie DataBase Qualitative Assesment Quantitative Assesment amp xX Chloroethenes Graphs Chioroethanes Graphs Chloromethanes Graphs Other Graphs Concentrations ug l Molar Concentrations ymol l E 9 o ui 8 ER RUE NALE
17. On this line select the monitoring well to work with from upstream to downstream left to right along the plume centerline A12 A9 A11 A25 PzA PzC and PPB2 When selecting a well the associated data contaminants concentrations redox parameters etc will automatically load in the column On the second line choose the location of each well compared to the source There should be at least one well upstream the first one is the upstream reference or upstream ref and only one well in the source Select A12 as the upstream reference well A9 in the source and all the others as downstream This will make the application to compute the distance of each well from the source well in the third line Now all the data are loaded and you are ready to analyse the displayed data in the table and on the graphs of the other tabs Your screen should look like the one on Figure 5 and the Choloroethenes graphs tab and the Other graphs tab are identical to Figure 6 and Figure 7 respectively Note that the results of this tutorial are saved under TUTOQquali xml and distributed with the application Tutorial folder Some cells are coloured to help you identify if the situation is suitable for biodegradation by reductive dechlorination see the legend besides the table and some details in Table 3 The analysis of the resulting table leads to the following comments e Regarding the chloroethenes data the reductive dechlorination quickly leads to the p
18. RA UTE trans DCE 4 tvans DCE 8 1 1 06 1 1 06 _O _ Ethene O _ Ethene 9 Emane 78 Ethane d4 Tots 200 0 200 400 600 200 0 200 400 600 Distance from the source m Distance from the source m Molar Concentration Total Molar Concentration of CE Dechloration rate t i Maximum i a be 400 200 0 200 400 600 Distance from the source m Distance from the source m FIGURE 6 CHLOROETHENES GRAPHS TAB OF THE QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT MODULE SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 20 SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Envirennament et de Me trise de l Energie E DataBase Qualitative Assesment Quantitative Assesment Input Data Chloroethenes Graphs Chloroethanes Graphs Chloromethanes Graphs Other Graphs Concentrations mg l Concentrations mg l 25 140 qe 11 Methane 8 Sufstes 8 Nimetes 10 120 9 100 8 7 80 6 60 4 40 3 2 20 1 0 0 200 400 200 0 200 400 600 Distance from the source m Distance from the source m Dissolved Oxygen mg l and EH mV Concentrations mg l z 500 I 1400 Dissolved Oxygen 9 Doc _ Atcalinity 400 1200 300 1000 200 800 100 600 0 400 100 200 200 0 200 0 200 400 600 200 0 200 400 600 Distance fr
19. SAMBBA follow the steps below Copy the SAMBBA folder called SAMBBAApp v1 0 on your computer e Check that the whole folder is present It should include four folders Icons Release Template and Tutorial for a total size of 85 4MB e Run SAMBBA exe located in the Release folder 2 What does SAMBBA do SAMBBA is an application to help users to proceed through the MACAOH methodology when assessing the feasibility of the monitored natural attenuation MNA This methodology is fully described in the technical guide MACAOH Att nuation naturelle for French readers C me et al 2006a An extended abstract of this guide is also available in English The methodology includes four successive steps Figure 1 e Step 1 preliminary data analysis to specify the spatial structure and temporal evolution of the pollution at the identified receptors e step 2 qualitative evaluation of the biodegradation mechanisms of dissolved and gaseous compounds in the plumes e step 3 quantitative evaluation based on mass balances of natural attenuation processes in the source zone and the plumes vapour and dissolved in groundwater e Step 4 prediction of the temporal evolution of NAPL saturations source zone and of concentrations in the groundwater and vadose plumes The MACAOH Modeling guide C me et al 2006b proposes various recommendations concerning the choice of computational tools the data required the implementation of numerical code
20. anic Compounds mg l Input in shape file VOC BTEX Alkyl benzenes Naphtalene Concentration of Hydrocarbons C5 C10 Input in shape file Concentration of Total Hydrocarbons C10 C40 Input in shape file Concentration of Hydrocarbons C10 C16 mgl inputimsbapefile Concentration of Hydrocarbons C16 C22 ere shapefile 5 D Concentration of Hydrocarbons C22 C30 Input in shape file Concentration of Hydrocarbons C30 Input in shape file COMPOUND1 to be specified Input in shape file I D gt gt O gt D zZ d Lil O O EL LO IOIO 2 B NENNEN COMPOUND2 to be specified Mnputinshapefile COMPOUND3 to be specified Mnputinshapefile COMPOUNDA to be specified tnt shapefile COMPOUNDS to be specified Mnputinshapefile COMPOUNDS to be specified Mnputinshapefile mputinshapefile mmputinshapefile mmputinshapefile 0 mputinshapefile 07 dmputinshapefile COMPOUND COMPOUNDS COMPOUNDS NOTE O Q Z T IOIO SINIO lt Z OIN SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance Biodegradation in Aquifers 14 ADEME SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Envirennament et de Is Meftrise de l Energie Field Name Description imput Output Optona _ LOCATION Location of the well compared to the contamina
21. ants data file TUTOWellsData shp Contaminant family Chloroethenes Biodegradation options Anaerobic biodegradation Location of the region Plume Effective porosity 0 06 of control volumes 2 Let s move to the convection section The sections included in the 7UTOSection shp file has been loaded assign the section name as 1 for upstream and 2 for downstream 1 and 2 are the ID of the polylines included in TUTOSection shp The downstream section must be wider than the upstream section If not SAMBBA will inform the user about it an error icon will show up besides the downstream section length The sections lengths are automatically computed by the application and are displayed for information Next set the aquifer depth to 4m on the three section subsection areas the aquifer depth is somewhat homogeneous on the studied plume portion of the industrial site between the sections Note that some sites can show variable aquifer depth for instance because of substratum interface rise or decline In such cases specify different aquifer depths at the two sections Next the section can be divided into subsections the convection flux through each section will be the sum of the convection flux through these subsections SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 29 ADEME SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Envirennament et de Is Mehrise de l Energie At the upstream section section
22. ass flux 10 3 FIGURE 9 OUTPUT WINDOW OF THE QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT MODULE SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 26 Biodegradstion Loss or Gain Dilution Loss Recharge Gain Volatilisation Loss Upstream Downstream difference ADEME Agence da l Envirennament et de ha Meftrise de l Energie y SAMBBA User s Guide 4 Tutorial Make sure to copy the SAMBBA material on your computer first Two tutorials are presented here one for each main module 4 1 Tutorial 1 Qualitative evaluation The industrial site presented in this tutorial is located on top of a sandy alluvial aquifer which has an average thickness of 5 m to 7 m lying on top of a clay loam substratum The groundwater table is at a depth of about 2 m The average hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer is 3 10 m s and the average pore velocity of the groundwater is about 1 m d Private individuals located down gradient from the site use groundwater for gardens and cattle the closest wells are 300 m down gradient from the source zone The site situation is presented on Figure 4 Pollution from chlorinated solvents has been present for about 30 years and is due to multiple overflows of a storage tank The lateral extension of the main source zone is about 25 m located in a rectangular area including the monitoring wells A14bis A9 and A16 Figure 4 The NAPL consisting o
23. ation step 2 aims at assessing whether or not the biodegradation of the chlorinated solvents is active and if so to specify under which redox conditions biodegradation occurs The method consists in analysing a list of parameters organized as analytical packages Table 1 and to be measured in at least 7 monitoring wells 1 up gradient from the source zone 2 in the source zone and 4 down gradient wells located at increasing distance from the source The measurements characterize the chlorinated solvents and their degradation products the dominant redox conditions in groundwater the carbon sources and the geochemical conditions of the aquifer The evaluation focuses on the reductive dechlorination of chloroethenes chloroethanes and chloromethanes Figure 2 It is conducted as a thorough data analysis that relies on the computation of a dechlorination rate and a comparison between the measured concentration and a proposed threshold value for each parameter Table 3 SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 8 ADEME SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Envirennament et de ha Meftrise de l Energie 11 14 d a FIGURE 2 DEGRADATION OF CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON VIA BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC PATHWAYS CT TETRACHLOROMETHANE CF TRICHLOROMETHANE DCM DICHLOROMETHANE CM CHLOROMETHANE M METHANE HCA HEXACHLOROETHANE PECA PENTACHLOROETHANE 1112 PCA 1 1 1 2 TETRA
24. biodegradation rates are greater than in assumption 1 by a factor 3 to more than 5 Ethane is not included in the comparaison since its mass flux balance seems off The computed biodegradation constants are between 0 60 year DCE and 5 0 year Ethene SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 33 ADEME vy Agence da l Envirennament et de ha Meftrise de l Energie 9 1 2 3 n pdf 4 SAMBBA User s Guide References C me et al 2006a Att nuation naturelle des compos s organo chlor s aliphatiques dans les aquif res Guide m thodologique ADEME Programme R amp D MACAOH Mod lisation Att nuation Caract risation dans les Aquif res des Organo Halog n s C me J M Kaskassian S Ropars M Quintard M Vogel T Razakarisoa O Nex F Sch fer G Haeseler F 2006 214 p french reader http www ademe fr C me et al 2006a Natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents in aquifers Technical guide extended abstract MACAOH R amp D project ADEME http www ademe fr sites default files assets documents 255B69418 255D 25206833_ MACAOH __ Natural 2520attenuation_Summary pdf C me et al 2006b Mod lisation du devenir des compos s organo chlor s aliphatiques dans les aquif res Guide m thodologique ADEME Programme R amp D MACAOH Mod lisation Att nuation Caract risation dans les Aquif res des Organo Halog n s C me J M Quintard
25. copy save print zoom SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 25 Agence da l Ervirennament et de h Merise de l Energie SAMBBA User s Guide EE DataBase USUS Quantitative Assesment Input Results in the Plume Assumption 1 the biodegradation occurs in the whole plume Residual total balance mg d Apparent biodegradation rate ug l d Intrinsic biodegradation rate ug l d 1st order biodegradation constant 1 year ess am 2030 conection in ne Lu NC Refer to the user guide for details Flow of each mecanism in the central volume mg d lt e 5 D e e gt Biodegrsdstion Loss or Dilution Loss Recharge Gain Volstilisation Loss Upstream Downstream difference Assumption 2 the biodegradation occurs in the central region only Residual total balance mg d Apparent biodegradation rate ug l d Intrinsic biodegradation rate ug l d 1st order biodegradation constant 1 year eua convection 210912 2066 eu _ ro meme om om oo _ Gowatrean convection S138 sm me di eC e MS An eoa _ enam ae ncm umm no Flow of each mecanism in the central volume mg d M
26. d Dri Rn i EY 7 3 Dealing with the SAMBBA interface 11 3 1 GIS TING Sa eee dan in 11 3 1 1 The plume Centerline file 13 Seles The mMonktorng WENS ed 13 3 1 3 Se CONS 13 3 1 4 control volume file 13 3 2 The Database module 5 0 0 0 60 00200000 coe i uites 16 3 9 The Qualitative Assessment 16 Ne Dala AD omm 16 eon He GDS D ee E 19 3 4 The Quantitative assessment Module 22 34i The eine ME ee ae ee Dee ee een se ee 22 3 4 2 The Results in plume tab seen 25 4 a A 27 4 1 Tutorial 1 Qualitative evaluation 27 4 2 Tutorial 2 Quantitative 28 5 References 34 SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance Biodegradation in Aquifers 3 Agence da l Ervirennament et de la Mehrise de l Energie y SAMBBA User
27. e a surface area accordingly Surface of total area mf this field is computed by the application according to the geometrical property of the control volume file Surface of central area mf this field is computed according to the geometrical properties of the plume centerline file and the sections file It represents the surface area of the central tube along the centerline which width equals the length of the upstream section e Recharge flux m s this field must be set by the user It usually equals the effective rain recharge The table includes the volatilized flux and the concentration of recharge for the compounds of the chloroethenes family and its biodegradation by products These fields must be set by the user The volatilized and rain recharge or vapour washout fluxes are computed according to the following equations SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 24 ADEME SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Envirennament et de Is Mehrise de l Energie Qi volatilisation Fi A 2 Qi rain recharge Ci A r Fi Volatilized flux of compound i A Surface of total area through which the volatilized flux and the rain recharge is computed Ci Concentration of compound i in vapour washout dissolved phase r Rain recharge At last clicking on the Compute button at the bottom right of the window makes the application compute the mass balance and fills in or upda
28. e ee concentration of chloroethanes CMS_HCA Total chloroethanes molar concentration HCA Solubility f CMS_PECA Total chloroethanes molar concentration PeCA Solubility f CS CT CS CF Total chloromethanes molar concentration CF Solubility QAL Required for the Qualitative Assessment Module QAT Required for the Quantitative Assessment Module Optional The parameter can be set in the input data tab of the Qualitative Assessement Interface Res see specifications given by the probe manufacturer oro 4412121919 gt OJO ti 2 lt 15 gt 020 Benzene Toluene Ethylbenz ne Xyl nes TABLE 2 REQUIRED FIELDS IN THE MONITORING WELLS FILE SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 15 ADEME Agence da l Envirennament et de Is Mehrise de l Energie SAMBBA User s Guide 3 2 The Database module The database includes the physical parameters molecular weight and water solubility of chloroethenes chloroethanes and chloromethanes 22 compounds included These parameters are needed for the calculation of the other modules The database module was created for visualization purpose only The user can visualize click open and print it click print or print preview to prepare the print 3 3 The Qualitative Assessment module The Qualitative Assessment wind
29. efficacit nerg tique et les nergies renouvelables la qualit de l air et la lutte contre le bruit SAMBBA User s Guide ADEME 20 avenue du Gresille BP 90406 49004 Angers Cedex 0 SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 35 SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Envirennament et de Is Mehrise de l Energie ABOUT ADEME The French Environment and Energy Management Agency ADEME is a public agency under the joint authority of the Ministry for Ecology Sustainable Development Transport and Housing the Ministry for Higher Education and Research and the Ministry for Economy Finance and Industry The agency is active in the implementation of public policy in the areas of the environment energy and sustainable development ADEME provides expertise and advisory services to businesses local authorities and communities government bodies and the public at large to enable them to establish and consolidate their environmental action As part of this work the agency helps finance projects from research to implementation in the areas of waste management soil conservation energy efficiency and renewable energy air quality and noise abatement www ademe fr ADEME 20 avenue du Gresille BP 90406 49004 Angers Cedex 0 SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and I
30. es 5 3 The failure of either of the parties hereto to perform any obligations under this Agreement solely by reason of Force Majeure shall not be deemed to be a breach of this Agreement provided however that the party so prevented from complying herewith shall continue to take all actions to comply as fully as possible herewith If such prevention continues for a period of more than a thirty 30 days then either party may terminate this Agreement effective upon written notice to the other party Force Majeure shall mean a strike a lock out an accident a fire an act of God a government action a state of war or any other cause beyond the reasonable control of a party 5 4 BURGEAP and SAMBBA are trademarks or registered trademarks of BURGEAP in France and or other countries Third party trademarks trade names product names and logos may be the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 6 ADEME SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Envirennament et de ha Meftrise de l Energie 1 Getting Started with SAMBBA The only system requirement for SAMBBA to run on your computer is the NET framework which commonly comes with Windows The supported systems are Windows XP and further Space requirement for SAMBBA to be installed is 85 4MB There is no set up procedure to install the application The first time you use
31. ese number and type of data are listed in TABLE POLLUANTS template folder 2 Import the plume centerline shape file and the monitoring well shape file 3 Enter the number of wells to consider in the qualitative assessment 4 n the table select the wells to consider Name combobox along the centerline wells should be ranked from upstream to downstream and select their location from the source Location combobox Location Distance from the source EA ED Zone 0 00 129 00 537 00 26 00 18 00 114 00 17 00 TCE ug L 0 00 22153 00 147 00 71 00 55 00 313 00 99 00 ee Re E cis DCE ug L 0 00 8734 00 21665 00 265 00 281 00 990 00 112 00 6 Choose the electron acceptor donor zone according to the analysis of trans DCE ug L 0 00 51 00 49 00 0 00 15 00 0 00 0 00 results EA ED zone combobox 11 DCE ug L 0 00 18 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 A NE EE VC ug L 0 00 172 00 3207 00 96 00 202 00 3 00 12 00 Ethene ug L 0 00 58 00 1026 00 18 00 24 00 0 00 0 40 Ethane ug L 0 00 3 00 84 00 135 00 4 00 27 00 0 90 Max dechloration rate NC Legend Min dechloration rate Dechloration rate Ethene Ethane Ethene Ethane g L Free chloride Acetic Acid ug L Free chloride mg L Methane mg l Sulfates mg Methane mg L Ferous iron mg l Sulfates
32. f a PCE TCE mixture about 60 40 molar fraction was identified at the alluvial aquifer substratum interface with a maximum total concentration of about 60 g kg dry weight The plume of dissolved chlorinated compounds emitting from the main source extends over 650 m down gradient with an end point discharge in a river the plume is also extremely wide with a width of about 300 m near the river Before starting the user must always prepare the GIS input files cf Section 3 1 The data acquired for the qualitative evaluation of the biodegradation on this site were prepared in the required csv format see Tutorial TABLE TUTOWellsData csv The required shape files were also prepared in the TutoriallGlSfiles folder TUTOCenterline shp and TUTOWellsData shp These shape files come with a Quantum GIS project 0 TUTOmainGIS qgs so that you can visualized them Click on Qualitative Assessment to start the tutorial First you have to load the two required shape files In the Select plume centerline file line click on browse and load TUTOCenterline shp In the Select monitoring wells file line click on browse and load TUTOWellsData shp We will conduct the study on 7 monitoring wells as recommended in the technical guide C me et al 20063 fill in the number of wells field accordingly and click OK 7 columns are then created in the main table below and the monitoring wells of the shape file are loaded in the combo boxes of the first table line
33. f the mass balance computation for quantitative evaluation of processes in the plume of dissolved contaminants 10 Figure 3 Example of the four shape files required by the application 12 Figure 4 Input window of the qualitative assessment 17 SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 4 i SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Ervirennament et de la Mehrise de l Energie FRENCH SUMMARY Le logiciel SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers a t cr pour faciliter la mise en oeuvre de la m thodologie MACAOH relative l tude de la faisabilit de l Att nuation Naturelle comme mesure de gestion d un site pollu C me et al 2006a Outre une base de donn es il est compos de deux modules correspondant chacun une tape de la m thodologie e e module qualitative assessment permet d valuer qualitativement si le m canisme de biod gradation est actif sur le site d tude et s il l est sous quelles conditions aerobie ana robie en zone methanogene sulfato ou ferri r ductrices tape 2 de la m thodologie e Le module quantitative assessment est d di au calcul de la proportion de chaque m canisme participant l att nuation naturelle d un panache de polluant convection dispersion
34. forehand from the concentration of dissolved compounds measured in the plume and the application of Henry s and Fick s laws vapour diffusion in the vadose zone The resulting fluxes are presented in the print screen below Note that this fluxes can also be issued from measurements at the soil outdoor interface or by measurements of soil gas concentrations and application of Fick s law C me et al 20062 e he Concentrations of recharge are the concentrations of dissolved compounds resulting from vapour washout These concentrations are assessed from soil gas measurements in piezair and the Henry s law They are showed on the print screen below Finally the volatilization and rain recharge area of the input window should look like the one below Now you are ready to compute the mass balance Click the Compute button at the bottom of the window and proceed to the Results in the plume tab The Result in the plume tab should look like the one below SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 31 SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Envirennament et de h Ma trise de l Energie Assumption 1 the biodegradation occurs in the whole plume 1st order biodegradation constant 1 year Apparent biodegradation rate ug l d Intrinsic biodegradation rate ug l d Upstream ee recharge 007 59 _ 004 _ 007 _ 007 2352048 57056 343
35. from 0 67 year for Vinyl Chloride to 1 3 year for Ethene since Ethane dilution sign is positive it is best to rule out the biodegradation constant for this contaminant The mass balance for ethane is inconsistent Indeed the positive flux on the dilution line should mean that there is a production of ethane by dilution which is not physically possible This problem can often be solved by changing the subsection discretisation and attributes wells velocity and or the plume geometry This could be tested as a sensitivity analysis of these parameters Assuming biodegradation only occurs in the central stream tube assumption 2 the results leads to the following comments Assumption 2 allows to correctly interpret the mass balance even for ethane For this compound the residual balance is negative indicating a bio production of the compound in the plume The dilution flux is however negative as it should be loss of mass in the central plume due to dilution and dispersion Dilution and biodegradation are the main mechanisms for all the compounds except for DCE where convection is predominant Moreover biodegradation is prevalent for PCE and Ethene 77 and 62 respectively The high biodegradation level for Ethane comes from a counterbalance against downstream concentration rise and the loss related to volatilization dispersion and dilution The contribution from volatilization and vapour washout are still non significant The
36. he Sections shape file that are loaded in the combo box Section length this field is computed by the application according to the geometrical property of the section selected above As each section should encompass the entire width of the plume the computed value actually refers to the width of the plume at the location of each section e Aquifer depth this field must be filled by the user e Number of subsections each section can be divided in many subsections As this number is set the small table below is resized accordingly one line for each subsection e n the table of subsections one line corresponds to one subsection and requires the following information o the length of the subsection along the main section from y1 to y2 The value refers to the width to which each subsection parameter groundwater velocity and contaminants concentrations is applied o the well associated with each subsection The user must select the well among the list of monitoring wells included in the Contaminants data file Note that concentrations of contaminants C for compound i included in this file are used for the computation Eq 1 o the Darcy velocity on the subsection vD The convection flux through the main section is then computed with the following equation Qi C a vD y2 y1 e 1 a subsection index in the main section e aquifer depth m for the main section Note that in the downstream section two sub
37. hp Please refer to Section 3 1 for details on how to prepare these files The site situation and the shape files can be visualize by opening the 0 TUTOmainGIS qgs Q GIS project and on Figure 4 Actually in this well high ferrous iron production indicates at least iron reducing conditions and near full methanogen conditions Requires Q GIS to be installed on your computer www qgis org SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 28 ADEME Agence da l Envirennament et de Is Meftrise de l Energie SAMBBA User s Guide Click on Quantitative Assessment to start the tutorial First you have to load the first three required shape files in the first three lines of the Input tab window Note that the file TUTOWellsData shp must be loaded on the Contaminant data line Next choose the biodegradation type you want to compute the mass balance with select Anaerobic Biodegradation Indeed as the qualitative evaluation tutorial 1 has showed previously anaerobic biodegradation is active in the zone delineated by the sections Fill in 0 06 for effective porosity measured by field pumping and tracer tests By following the above settings the top area of the input window should look like the one below Plume centeine shapefile TLITOCenterine shp Sections shape file TUTOSections shp Distance between sections 110 52 Contamin
38. might choose the number of control volume 1 2 or 3 This field determines whether the mass balance is computed by considering convection dispersion and dilution as three separated mechanisms 3 control volumes by grouping together dispersion and dilution 2 control volumes or by adding the three mechanisms 1 control volume In the current version of SAMBBA v1 0 the study can be conducted on two control volumes only the field is then locked on 2 The right top area of the window entitled Source balance options is dedicated to specific parameters required when conducting studies on the contamination source As this option is not available on the current version of SAMBBA this input area has been deactivated SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 22 ADEME SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Envirennament et de la Ma trise de l Energie bes DataBase Qualitative Assesment Quantitative Assesment x Input Results in the Plume Plume centerline shape file TUTOCenterine shp Source balance options Sections shape file TUTOSections shp FE Distance between sections 110 52 Contaminants data file TUTOWellsData shp Browse Contaminant family Chloroethenes Biodegradation options Anaerobic biodegradation Location of the region Plume Effective porosity 0 06 of control volumes 2 Convection Upstream section Downstream section Section name 1 Y Section name 2 Y
39. mpute the advection mass flux flowing through each transect SAMBBA computes the length of each section for that purpose 3 1 2 The control volume file The control volume file must include a polygon Note that if the file contains many polygons SAMBBA will consider only one polygon the last one in the attribute table This polygon represents the horizontal extension of the plume between the two transect The surface of this polygon is used by SAMBBA to compute the volatilization and the vapour washout flux or rain recharge flux There is no special requirement for its attribute table SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 13 ADEME SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Envirennament et de Is Maftrise de l Energie FieldName Um ttt Optoma NAME SSS dtp shape fle OM QN 5 Wen concentration of exachiooethane en uw peca concentration of Pentachloroethane Peca Mmputinshapetile o nu PCA concentration of 1 122 Tetrchloroethane ml Mmputinshapetile o pea concentration of 1 112 Tetrachloroethane ml Mmputinshapetile o Tc concentration of choroethene ml Mmputinshapetle o marea concentration of 1 11 Tchoroethene aTe pen Mmputinshapetile o pca fconcentationchi 2Dicorcethene 1206N pen Mputinshapetile o ipo fconcentationch1 rDicorcethene L1DeN pen
40. n 1 4 subsections are set note that the length entered in the input window is cumulative For each new subsection only enter the y2 value e he first one is 10 meters long y2 10 and the measurements at the nearby monitoring well A18 is used for the calculation of the influx convective flux on this subsection e The second one is 4 meters long y2 14 it is about the centre of the section and probably the place where the convection influx is the most important There is no monitoring well close to it but well A16 seems relevant as it is representative of the observed concentration in the source zone e he next subsection is 4 meters long y2 18 and associated to the nearby monitoring well A11 e he last one is 7 meters long and associated with the nearby monitoring well A20 The downstream section section n 2 is divided into 5 sections e Inthe Central subsection table central subsection table the y2 values for the 5 subsections from east to west along the section are 75 85 90 100 119 50 by default the total length of the section stream tube three subsections are considered with lengths of 10m 5m and 10m y2 10 and 15 As there is no monitoring well near those subsections we assume that there is small variations of concentrations along the stream tube convection is dominant compared to other mechanisms and the upstream monitoring wells can be used A26 A4 and A25 are then associated
41. nd vadose zone Mass balance in the groundwater plume Mass balance in the vadose plume plume emitting from NAPL located in the vadose zone or from the groundwater plume Step 4 Prediction of temporal evolution of contaminant distribution General methodology refer to the MACAOH technical protocol on Modeling Standard modeling scenarios source area groundwater and vadose plumes Feasibility and performance evaluation of MNA as a strategy to achieve site specific remediation objectives within a given time frame Comparison with active clean up approaches Implementing Monitored Natural Attenuation Step 5 Long term groundwater monitoring Monitoring plan monitoring points parameters frequency and interpretation methods Phase I quarterly monitoring for at least 2 years effects of non permanent phenomena on NA effectiveness Phase II yearly or less frequent long term monitoring pollution attenuation Interpret new data refresh monitoring plan if needed Periodic re evaluation of MNA performance and of its adequacy with respect to the attainment of the site specific remediation objectives FIGURE 1 METHODOLOGICAL FLOWCHART FOR ASSESSING NATURAL ATTENUATION NA AND IMPLEMENTING MONITORED NATURAL ATTENUATION MNA THE BLUE BOXES SHOW THE STEPS CARRIED OUT BY THE CONTRACTOR E G CONSULTANTS AND THE GREEN BOXES SHOW THE STEPS PERFORMED BY THE CLIENT AND THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION The qualitative evalu
42. nterline shape file and the monitoring wells shape file to calculate this distance The EA ED zone field is set by the user once he she has analysed the results using the colour coded lines see Table 3 The next lines of the table consist of many parameters that are both input data contained in the monitoring wells file and computed data Note that the last fields are free for the user to define the title of these fields can be modified The user can refer to the tutorial for an example on how the data are analysed Note that a double click on the gt gt allows to hide some group of lines in the table No cells can be modified in the table except the title of the lines below OTHERS COMPOUNDS These lines are free to fill in by the user SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 18 SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Envirennament et de Is Mehrise de l Energie condition for Parameter Color legend Interpretation Pm EM very high allow to quantify the degradation extent of chlorinated solvents For Reductive 40 to 60 Chloroethenes the max rate and min rates are calculated from PCE and dechlorination Dechlorination rates TCE as unique parent product respectively For chloroethane the parent performance Jow product is the TCA sum of the 2 isomers For chloromethane the max and i min rates are from CT and CF respectively very low account for final product that are
43. nts for its attribute table 3 1 2 The monitoring wells file The monitoring wells file is a point shape file It must include the monitoring wells and many associated parameters that must be set in a special order in the attribute table The file TABLE WellsData csv included in the SAMBBA material in the Template folder presents the data that are required in the attribute table The order the titles and the number of fields must be as in this file It is strongly recommended to prepare the shape file from this csv file The required fields and there units are described in Table 2 Note that some fields are optional or contain output data nonetheless the columns of these fields must appear in the input file and might stay empty Note that some data are optional because the application does not need them to compute and to display results However some of these data are important for the user to analyse the results in the qualitative assessment module The user might refer to the technical guide C me et al 2006a for details on the calculation of output data 3 1 1 The sections file The sections file must include two polylines These two polylines represent transects that delineate the portion of plume on which the mass balance is computed They follow groundwater elevation contours and are chosen so that they can be represented by a set of nearby monitoring wells There is no special requirement for its attribute table This file is used to co
44. om source m Distance from the source m FIGURE 7 OTHER GRAPHS TAB OF THE OF THE QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT MODULE SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 21 ADEME Agence da l Envirennament et de ha Mehrise de l Energie SAMBBA User s Guide NENNEN Chloroethenes Chloroethanes Chloromethanes HCA 1 1 2 2 PCA 1 1 1 2 PCA 1 1 2 Parents species PCE TCE 111 TCA CF Metabolic 1 2 t 1 2 DCE 1 1 DCA 1 2 DCA 1 1 DCE product of TCA VC DORT SM Intermediates 1 1 DCE VC product of TCA CA Final products Ethene Ethane Ethene product of TCA Ethane TABLE 4 GROUP OF CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS FOR EACH FAMILY 3 4 The Quantitative assessment Module The Quantitative Assessment window consists in 2 tabs one for inputs and the other for outputs called Results in the plume In the Quantitative Assessment menu standard actions are available New Open Save Save as Note that the format for saving a quantitative assessment study is xml 3 4 1 The Input tab This tab is divided into 3 parts Figure 8 The first part is dedicated to general options the plume centerline shape file and the Sections shape file must be prepared in a GIS tool beforehand see section 3 1 the Contaminants data file is a shape file It has the same format that the monitoring wells shape file see Section 3 1 2 Note that the m
45. onitoring wells file used for the qualitative assessment can be used in the quantitative assessment module as well Biodegradation options the user can choose to work with no biodegradation aerobic biodegradation or anaerobic biodegradation According to the chosen option the mass balance will be computed in a different manner see the technical guide for more details on the calculation C me et al 2006a Effective porosity this field must be set by the user between zero and 1 in accordance with its physical definition Distance between sections this field is automatically computed from the sections file and the plume centerline file It represents the distance between the two transects included in the sections file along the plume centerline The user cannot modify this value it is only displayed for information and used for computations of travel time Contaminant family the user might choose the contaminant family to work with among aliphatic chlorinated solvents In the current version of SAMBBA v1 0 this option is not activated the study can be conducted with chloroethenes only Location of the region the user might choose whether to work in the contamination source or in the plume The mass balance is slightly different in the two zones C me et al 2006a The study can be conducted in the plume zone only in the current version of SAMBBA v1 0 this field is then locked on the plume option Number of contro volume the user
46. ow consists in 5 tabs The first one is dedicated to the input data and the next four to the visualization of results through graphics The latters are activated once the input data have been filled in In the Qualitative Assessment menu standard actions are available New Open Save Save as Print Data Results and Save Graphics Note that the format for saving a qualitative assessment study is xml The last action Save Graphics is available once the input data have been filled in and graphs tab activated Print Data Result consists in printing the main table of the nput Data tab Save Graphics allows to save every graphics of the four last tabs in JPEG format 3 3 1 The Input Data tab The Input Data tab window is divided in 4 areas Figure 5 SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 16 SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Envirennament et de h Ma trise de l Energie DataBase Qualitative Assesment Quantitative Assesment B8 input Data Chloroethenes Graphs Chloroethanes Graphs Chloromethanes Graphs Other Graphs TUTOCenterine shp Workflow for the qualitative assesment of natural attenuation TUTOWellsData shp 7 1 Before starting make sure that the input data files are prepared Two files are required a shape file defining the main plume centerline one polyline file only a shape file defining monitoring wells and their associated data point file th
47. rant 1 1 Subject to the terms and conditions hereof BURGEAP grants to Customer a non exclusive non transferable and non sublicensable license to use in object code format the present BURGEAP s software and corresponding documentation the Software 1 2 Use of the Software shall be limited to the computing needs of the Customer Customer may not relicense rent or lease the Software for third party training or commercial time sharing 1 3 This License is valid for use on multiple computers provided the Customer is the primary user Except one copy of the Software for back up purposes and multiple computer installation Customer shall have no right to copy the Software All titles trademarks and copyright and restricted notices shall be reproduced in such copies 1 4 Customer agrees that only BURGEAP shall have the right to alter maintain enhance or otherwise modify the Software Customer shall not cause nor permit either through its direct efforts or through any third party the modification disassembly de compilation or reverse engineering of the Software 1 4 BURGEAP reserves all rights not expressly granted to Customer in this Agreement 2 Proprietary Rights Customer recognizes and agrees that the full ownership rights in the Software is reserved to and remains with BURGEAP Customer agrees not to remove from view any copyright legend trademark or confidentiality notice appearing on the Software or Software output C
48. roduction of large amounts of all metabolic intermediates especially cis DCE in A11 Apparently cis DCE does not form a bottleneck in the source zone since VC and ethene are also produced in large quantities Requires Q GIS to be installed on your computer http www agis org SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 27 ADEME Agence da l Envirennament et de Is Mehrise de l Energie SAMBBA User s Guide The calculated dechlorination rates are therefore quite high maximum of 34 and 5996 for A9 and A11 respectively It is important to note the high quantities of ethene and ethane produced 1100 ug L of ethane in A11 which indicate efficient and complete reductive dechlorination e Regarding the redox conditions o Biological reductive dechlorination is efficient because the redox conditions are methanogenic at the presumed location of the source zone A9 In this monitoring well the methane concentration is slightly below the threshold value but the monitoring wells located down gradient and near A9 A11 and A25 indicate considerable production of methane 17 to 21 mg L which is confirmed by strongly negative redox potentials Eh from 54 to 2 mV that is associated to favourable conditions for reductive dechlorination o sulfate reduction is not as efficient there are high sulfate concentrations in the most contaminated zone It is possible that the very
49. rs hydrocarbons families is quite similar and might be supported in future versions of the application In the plume of dissolved contaminants groundwater the mass flux balance is computed between two aquifer transects delineated by groundwater elevation contours and characterized by a set of monitoring wells located on a plane perpendicular to the flow direction Figure 3 This approach consists in an analytical SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 9 SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Envirennament et de Is Meftrise de l Energie evaluation of the relative contributions from advection volatilization and vapour washout between two plume transects The contributions of hydrodynamic dispersion and dilution on one hand and biodegradation processes on the other hand are then computed by difference This method also allows for the calculation of biodegradation rates based on the site specific data Volatilization from Groundwater table 7 Vapor washout Dilution in vadose zone Observed extension of groundwater plume Source Groundwater ad of contaminarts Vapor washout in vadoselzone Xo X upgradient downg radient FIGURE A SCHEMATIC OF THE MASS BALANCE COMPUTATION FOR THE QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF NA PROCESSES IN THE PLUME OF DISSOLVED CONTAMINANTS The application of the method is demonstrated in the tutorial section Section
50. s and the information that should be included in the study report After completing these steps responsible parties the consulting company the industry and the public administration must decide whether MNA is accepted as a remediation strategy either implemented as a stand alone technique or in combination with an active technique SAMBBA addresses steps 2 and 3 of the MACAOH methodology Natural 2520atte nuation Summary pdf SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 7 ADEME SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Envirennament Assessing Natural Attenuation processes et de h Maitrise de l Energie Step 1 Preliminary data analysis Site geography geology hydrogeology and surface water bodies Receptors identification Nature spatial distribution and temporal evolution of contaminants Site conceptual model Site and processes characterization Complementary data acquisition plan Advection Dispersion Step 2 Qualitative evaluation of biodegradation Ds Acquisition of biodegradation specific parameters 6 analytical packs Dissolution Biotic mechanisms identification Volatilization Field data expertise based on a comparison with concentration thresholds Sorption Abiotic and biotic o degradation Step 3 Quantitative evaluation of Natural Attenuation processes Dilution Mass balance in the source zone groundwater a
51. s Guide List of Table Table 1 Description of the analytical packages required for the qualitative evaluation of the biodegradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in groundwater ss 9 Table 2 required fields in the monitoring wells file 15 Table 3 Interpretation of parameters for the qualitative evaluation of biodegradation 19 Table 4 Group of chlorinated compounds for each family 22 List of figures Figure 1 Methodological flowchart for assessing natural attenuation NA and implementing monitored natural attenuation MNA The blue boxes show the steps carried out by the contractor e g consultants and the green boxes show the steps performed by the client and the public CMS ATOM a D de de D ete De 8 Figure 2 Degradation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon via biotic abiotic pathways Tetrachloromethane CF Trichloromethane DCM Dichloromethane CM Chloromethane M Methane HCA Hexachloroethane PeCA Pentachloroethane 1112 PCA 1 1 1 2 tetrachloroethane 1122 PCA 1 1 2 2 tetrachloroethane 111 1 1 1 trichloroethane 112 1 1 2 trichloroethane 11 DCA 1 1 dichloroethane 12 DCA 1 2 dichloroethane CA Chloroethane A Ethane PCE Tetrachloroethene TCE Trichloroethene 11 DCE 1 1 dichloroethene c DCE Cis 1 2 dichloroethene t DCE Trans 1 2 dichloroethene VC Vinyl Chloride E 9 Figure 3 schematic o
52. sections are defined e the central subsection corresponds to the central part of the downstream section which length equals the length of the upstream section It is the width of the central tube of the plume e the total subsection corresponds exactly to the downstream section total width of the plume due to dilution and dispersion processes The convection fluxes through these two subsections are required for the mass balance to compute The convection input parameters for these two subsections can be set as described above i e each subsection can be divided into many smaller subsections Note that when working with three control volumes option non available in the current version of the software the downstream section contains an intermediate subsection that must be set as well The parameter setting area for this last subsection is not activated in the current version located on the right hand side of the convection area The last part of the window is dedicated to the input data required to compute the fluxes for the volatilisation and rain recharge mechanisms Total control volume shape file the control volume file must be prepared in a GIS tool beforehand see section 3 1 It usually encompasses the surface area located between the two sections included in the Sections shape file If this area intersects with a vapour impermeable layer geological layer in the vadoze zone or a concrete slab for example the user might need to delineat
53. tes the Results in the plume tab 3 4 2 The Results in plume tab The result in plume tab presents the results Figure 9 For each assumption see C me et al 2006a for the definition of these assumptions the computed mass balance is presented in a table of results and a column chart All the output parameters are described in the technical guide C me et al 2006a with two additional parameters e he residual total balance is the difference between influxes and outfluxes of the input mechanisms convection recharge and volatilization This residual is assumed to be the remaining flux in the mass balance that is attributed to the dilution and biodegradation If the residual is negative it can mean that there might be an error in the input settings of the influxes mechanisms or that biodegradation results in production of the related compounds which is a possible situation during dechlorination formetabolic intermediates and final products only e he dilution line of the tables actually equals the sum of the dilution and dispersion fluxes the two processes are gathered when working with only 2 control volumes which is the only option supported in the current version of SAMBBA cf Section 3 4 1 The convention in the flux table is that influxes are positive and outfluxes are negative The column charts present the results of the mass balance Right clicking on this figure allows to access to standard options for the figures
54. tion source zone imputinthe QUAL interface DSOURCE Distance of the well from the source o m oww BIOZONE Iypeofbiodegradationzone imputinthe QUAU interface o CEMAX Maximum dechloration rate of Chloroethenes o Oww CEMIN Minimum dechloration rate of Chloroethenes o output CS Ratio Concentration SolubilityofPCE 9 Output CS Concentration Solubilityoftce RDCEA Rate of DCEasaproductoftea Ltt RCVA Rate ofVCasaproductoftca tt REA Rateof Ethene asaproductoftca Ltt RAA Rateof thaneasaproductoftea Ltt CM CE Total molar concentration of Chloroethenes output CMS Total chloroethenesmolar concentration PCESolubility output KMS Total chloroethenes molar concentration TCE Solubility TX pechloration rate of Chloroethanes Ltt CS Ratio Concentration SolubilityofHcA CS PECA Ratio Concentration SolubilityofPecA 9 ow KS 22PCA Ratio Concentration Solubilityof42 2PcA 1 oww CS 12PCA Ratio Concentration Solubility of 1412PCA ow CS 12TCA Ratio Concentration Solubility of 2 227 Owpt CS 117CA Ratio Concentration Solubility of 2 227 Ltt CM CAT Total molar concentration of Chloroethanes output Ratio EER OSCE molar concentration Total molar ee e
55. to the subsections e Inthe Total subsection table the same central subsections are filled and 2 additional subsections are considered one on the eastern side 75m length and one on the western side 20m length Since there is no monitoring well on either lateral subsections the same downstream monitoring well is chosen for both well PzA note that well A5 could be used too In the Total Finally the Darcy velocity of groundwater is homogeneous and about 0 06 m d By following the above settings the Convection area of the input window should look like the one below SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 30 P SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Ervirennament et de h Ma trise de l Energie yli y24m Welname Darcy velocity n d E o fey ow 9 M o w sw 1 20 m e o Now in the volatilisation and rain recharge area you must load the control volume shape file TUTOControlVolume shp The surface of the control volume is then computed the geometric surface area covered by the plume between the two sections as well as the surface of the central area stream tube area Those are displayed for information You need also to set the following data e he recharge flux corresponds to the effective rainfall it was measured at 30 mm year on the site 9 5 10 9 m s e he Volatilized fluxes were calculated be
56. ue ou d information de l oeuvre laquelle elles sont incorpor es sous r serve toutefois du respect des dispositions des articles L 122 10 L 122 12 du m me Code relatives la reproduction par reprographie Any representation or reproduction of the contents herein in whole or in part without the consent of the author s or their assignees or successors is illicit under the French Intellectual Property Code article L 122 4 and constitutes an infringement of copyright subject to penal sanctions Authorised copying article 122 5 is restricted to copies or reproductions for private use by the copier alone excluding collective or group use and to short citations and analyses integrated into works of a critical pedagogical or informational nature subject to compliance with the stipulations of articles L 122 10 L 122 12 incl of the Intellectual Property Code as regards reproduction by reprographic means SAMBBA Software for the Assessment of Mass Balance and Biodegradation in Aquifers 2 ADEME SAMBBA User s Guide Agence da l Emrennament et de ha Mahrise de l Energie TABLE OF CONTENTS FRENCH SOMME 5 SAMBBA SOFTWARE END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT 6 1 Getting Started with SAMBBA 0 nU cw aHa aui an au EP FRE SERRE MEN som 7 2 What does SAMBBA coser rib dried Der cdd Dedi ir
57. ustomer further agrees not to adapt translate reverse engineer decompile or otherwise derive the source code for the Software nor to communicate the Software to the public except to the extent applicable laws specifically prohibit such restrictions It is agreed that BURGEAP can t claim any resale right or property on the results the data the information the concepts generated by the Customer by using the Software 3 Termination 3 1 Either party has the right to terminate this Agreement and the license granted hereunder upon written notice to the other party if the other party is in default of any obligation hereunder which default is incapable of being cured or which being capable of being cured has not been cured within 30 days after receipt of written notice of such default 3 2 Immediately upon termination the licenses granted hereunder shall terminate and Customer shall cease all use of the Software 4 Limited warranty and liability To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law BURGEAP provide the Software AS IS and hereby disclaim all other warranties duties and conditions either express implied or statutory including but not limited to any if any implied warranties or conditions of merchantability of fitness for a particular purpose of accuracy or completeness of responses of results of workmanlike effort of lack of viruses and of lack of negligence all with regard to the Software Also there is
58. y The application requires at least one monitoring well although it is recommended to work with 7 wells or more in the MACAOH methodology Clicking ok allows sizing the main data table below with one column for each monitoring well The main table located in the bottom left area of the input window includes all the required information to conduct the qualitative evaluation of biodegradation Some data are extracted from the input files and others are computed by the application First the user must select monitoring wells among those of the monitoring wells shape file using the combo boxes in the first line of the table The method consists in selecting from left to right the monitoring wells from upstream to downstream along the plume centerline cf C me et al 2006a The user must then choose the location of each monitoring well combo boxes in the second line among upstream ref upstream source downstream At least one upstream ref well is needed for the table to colour properly cf Table 3 for more details and one source well is required to compute the distance from the source field third line of the table Once the first two lines are set the input data are automatically updated the output data are computed and the graphics tab are activated The Distance from the source field represents the distance between a monitoring well and the monitoring well selected as the source along the plume centerline The application use the plume ce

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