USER'S MANUAL
Contents
1. Spot s s s s s Jump Frevious screen Proceed Entering label Entering data amp Entering parameters d m seere ent entre tene tona memme comes wens enn nnm m de NEMALO gt X wb Cn P Ud F i 1 t H 1 i 1 i 3 FRAME u QUTFPLUT s F i 1 Jump t Previous screen i Proceed 4 Summary of input 5S General output 6 Detailed output dM M EE NEMAIDs gt 4 SUMMARY OF INPUT Itum RR sare poene ncmo me nents mmn snema patat mesae metet peses sos T SAMPLE OR SFECIES Comparison of sample to the species in the genus SELECTION GF SUBSET OF SPECIES nace cone sore tonne muro seen peson spaga seems comme T seers Gives state sents Pron cutee aeeoe i li i Definition of genus A Helicotylenchus s 1 including Rotylenchoides 2 Description of species R Only valid descriptions and redescriptions 3 Selection of species based on the result of previous run NO 4 Selection of species based on the value of characters NO Type G to go to next screen Type Q to quit listing 12 g SUMMARY OF INFUT CONTINUE LABEL Test NEMAID 2 Fopulation in Fortuner 1979 Revue Nematol2. mp Previous screen i New runs keeping all input of present run i i 4 New runs discarding all input of present run vit program saving the present input on the diskette 6 Exit program not saving the present input on the di ER Tez a f i i i 1 seme as na ean ste enn ser mn tnt sty n as sna gtr ete nn ote ate ean eer ee etn at erm nnn tein uty eet tee ant tan gary ene cane aang ns mes sss ne NEMATD Choices 1 and 2 are explained page 5 Choices 3 and 4 will go back to Frame 2 menu page 20 With choice 3 all your input is saved including choice of sample vs species sample label and data parameter values and subset of species You can then either keep these values or change any of then and try to identify your sample under different conditions With choice 4 all input is discarded and the program reverts to the original default options You can start a new identification without having to reload the genus database Choices 5 and 6 will exit the program and return to operating system level Choice 5 is equivalent to choice 3 above 11 your input is saved into a special file stored in the generic diskette When you start a new session with NEMAID you can reload this input from the diskette see page 9 use L Choice 6 is equivalent to choice 4 and
3. 13600 H abunaamai Siddiqi 1972 iFUOO H acunae Fernandez et al 1980 1GBOO H acutucaudatus Fernandez et al 1980 1HIOO O H acutus Teben kova 1985 1HCOO H affinis Luc 1960 i Ccoo H africanus topotypes in Sher i766 ianCOZ H africanus in Van den Ferg Heyns 1975 iaDOO H agricola Elmiligy 1970 11 i976 iGWOO H amplius Anderson amp Eveleigh 1932 HH angularis Mull amp Siddiqi 1782 EOO H anhelicus Sher 1966 H annobonensis adea 1960 OGGOO H apiculus Roman 1955 H adquili khan Nanjappa 1972 LATOO H arachisi Hulk Jairajpuri 197 Type G to go to next screen Type to quit listing gt The program displays only that part of the list that can fit into one screen frame You must type G RETURN go to see each successive frame After the last frame has been displayed or if you want to stop the listing type Q RETURN and the program will return to Frame 2 menu page 20 22 FRAME 2 OPTION 5 LIST OF CODE NAMES OF ALL POPULATIONS OF A PARTICULAR SPECIES For example type 5 RETURN at Frame 2 menu page 20 to see the following message MES ONE FARTICULAR SPECIES Enter only species name omit genus name Type to quit NEMATOs gt Type for example DIHYSTERA to obtain the list of all the descriptions of H dihystera in the generic database Helicotylenchus NAMES ONE PARTICULAR SPECIES Enter only species nam
4. 45 In the general output the descriptions are given by decreasing values of their coefficient of similarity with your sample For each successive description the number of characters used for the comparison and the number of characters that were similar in your sample and in the description are also given GUDE SPECIES COEFFICIENT NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NAMES NAMES OF SIMILARITY O ERS USED iBO1 H dihystera 1 00 17 17 168060 H abunaamai 1 00 i2 15 168011 H edihystera 1 00 iz iGTOO H caudatus 1 00 14 14 18099 H dihystera 1 00 17 17 1HNOO H interrogativus 1 00 16 O18 8 H dihystera 1 00 14 13 H dihystera 0 99 15 14 H digonicus 0 99 13 12 1CSO2 H leiocephalus Q 99 17 f i6 10100 H sagitovi 0 99 i5 14 LELEO H densibullatus Q 99 14 1X LEUOO H elegans 0 99 13 12 10500 H persici 0 98 i2 11 16008 H dihystera 0 97 16 14 iHROO H laevicaudatus f 0 97 14 13 Type G to qo to next screen Type Q to quit listing gt Type G RETURN to see each successive screen When you consider that the coefficients of similarity of the descriptions have become too low type Q RETURN to quit the listing and go back to Frame 6 menu page 43 46 FRAME 6 OPTION 6 DETAILED OUTPUT The general output give the coefficient of similarity between your sample and each description It is very informative to know how was this coefficient calculated for some descriptions From Frame 6 menu page 43 type
5. i7 numerical value 29 numerical value 23 numerical value 25 numerical value 27 numerical value 29 numerical value 31 numerical value 33 numerical value 36 numerical value 38 numerical value 42 numerical value 44 numerical value 45 yesc i nozso yeszusl nos 47 yesci noso g COLUMNS CONTENTS moot fees saume ane emmen eters dost meeen meene Piria reame 48 49 50 ol Type G to go to next screen Type to quit listing 48 yes cl noso 49 yescsl nozO yescl no co 51 yeszsi noso yeszl nozso yes 1 no oO th th 4 yes l nozso 33 yesci nozo 6 yes 1 noxO Ln Cm The whole list takes several screens After each screen type RETURN to see the next screen or type Q RETURN to return to Frame 2 menu page 20 27 FRAME 3 SAMPLE OR SPECIES NEMAID is primarily designed to compare an unknown sample to the described species of a genus NEMAID can also be used to study the taxonomic status of one of the descriptions in the genus database NEMAID will in this case compare this description to the rest of the descriptions in the database Frame 3 gives you the possibility to study an unknown sample default option or a description in the database FRAME 3 SAMP
6. Entering data i amp Entering parameters feet eee eee cr te ne te tt te tt en ct tm in i i wm nn NEMATO gt 1 1 1 i i k 1 3 3 1 1 ENTERING DATA No CHARACTER VALUE i Body length mnnn unus nas 7 Z Stylet length nnn manna ee X Distance stylet idorsal gland opening waawen anew ne nan ewe 4 Distance anterior end excretory pore l2 nnns 2 5 Width of one body annule nsn nomm unnm amp Tail length eee T 7 Number of ventral tail annules n T 8 Fhasmids in annules from anus ianus level 20 7 9 Ratio a body length body diameter 7 eee T 10 Ratio c body length tail length 4 nnnaununuus T ii Ratio c tail length tail diameter Fo wee T 12 Ratio m cone stylet Length ws un nnununuannunamnunua 7 iX Ratio v head vulva body length is nnn ene ne we eee 7 4 Spicule Lengthy snnm nmmusm nsus us onm mnn Doc Quita Goto next screen F denotes missing value For Line numbers Value igs See page 38 for explanations on how to enter data for your sample For example type I RETURN 671 0 RETURN for character 1 type 2 RETURN 24 5 RETURN for character 2 etc The sc
7. RETURN if you want to go back to the previous frame and change your answers to the previous question PROCEED The third choice of each frame is always 3 Proceed Type 3 RETURN if you are done with the frame and you want to go to the next frame and proceed with the identification G G go is used throughout the program to go from one screen to the next when the frame you are working with necessitates several screenful of information Type G RETURN when you are done with the information on one screen and you want to see more information on the next screen GETTING STARTED WITH NEMAID 2 0 The following instructions may vary slightly with different computers They refer to the mode of operation of an IBM PC single disc dive 128K RAM See the user s manual of your own computer for any conflicting instructions Don t forget use copies of program and database see page 4 1 Insert operating system diskette into drive or into drive if you have a double disk drive 2 Turn on the microcomputer Wait about 2 minutes 3 Enter time and date optional 4 Take O S diskette out of the drive 5 Insert NEMAID 2 0 diskette into drive or into drive A 6 Type NEMAID RETURN Frame 1 will appear FRAME i KEKE ONCE RE EEE E E E E EEE RENEE IC CREE RE IE E E E RR E E E E E HE E E FE E E E E E KE E E S EE eR KEK k k k X NEMA I D COMPUTER FROGRAM FOR IDENTIFICATION OF NEM
8. page 36 42 FRAME 6 OUTPUT When you have entered label and sample data and when you are satisfied with the parameters go back to Frame 5 menu type Q RETURN and proceed option 3 to Frame 6 FRAME amp OUTPUT TF mer em tm eaten enm I ne eem um l Il nee arene ma ee seers nam na aut anes l mata rape etm see steer ne e i Jump o2 Previous screen Proceed i 4 Summary of input i General output amp Detailed output NEMAIDs gt Choices 1 and 2 are explained page 5 Choice 3 Proceed will take you directly to Frame 7 see page 49 Choice 4 recapitulates the input page 44 Choice 5 gives the results in an abbreviated form page 45 Choice 6 gives more detailed results page 47 Type the number of your choice and press RETURN 43 FRAME 6 OPTION 4 SUMMARY OF INPUT Choice 4 at Frame 6 menu page 43 gives on screen a summary of all your input including sample label BT values of sample characters parameters eventually selection of a subset of descriptions The input is presented in several screens After seeing each screen type G RETURN to go to the next one or type Q RETURN to quit and return to Frame 6 menu page 43 If you notice any error and you want to change your input type Q RETURN to go back to Frame 6 menu 43 Then type 2 RETURN
9. 6 RETURN to see the following question DETAILED OUTPUT Enter description code name or type G to quit NEMAID ibqoi Enter the code name 5 digits of the description you are interested in and press return You may take this code name from the general results of Frame 6 option 5 or you may obtain it from Frame 2 options 4 and 5 or from the documents attached to each genus database Enter for example 1bq03 RETURN The computations will take a few seconds then you will see DETAILED QUTPUT YOUR INPUT IS COMPARED TO DESCRIPTION FROM DATA BASE iBOOS H dihystera in Siddigi 1972 No CHARACTER INPUT DESCRIP SCORE WEIGHT SW Henge sates creme peot mesi i Body length f 671 0 670 0 1 00 Oo 70 O Z 2 Stylet length 24 5 26 0 1 00 1 00 1 00 Distance stylet dorsal gland opening 5 7 O OQ O OO OO 4 Distance anterior end excretory pore F OO QG ac S Width of one body annule 7 0 00 amp Tail length 20 9 o 00 O OO Z Number of ventral tail annules 15 5 19 0 1 00 O SH 8 Fhasmide in annules from anus xa 29 0 0 99 O 70 Q Ratio a length body diameter 28 6 30 0 1 00 0 30 lG Ratio c body length tail length 5 48 0 O OO O OO 11 Ratio c tail length tail diameter 1 2 0 00 Q 00 Q OO iz Ratio m cone stylet length i Y Q OG OO 0 0
10. F nn ene nese wwe nnn Lip anteriorly rounded FP nent nner Flattened 7 Vu erie ee ama we v OR REOR a Fusion of incisures y or v shaped u or m shaped wane eee nh nn Lip annulations three or less nna nna FOF EO Five T ers OR ee ee KO ROS ag R MORIR Six OF more Fo s suwa wa e 4 a Quit G Goto next screen denotes missing value For Line number Value is a VALUE ES oy r3 After you have entered your data same method as above the screen looks like this ENTERING DATA No CHARACTER 15 Males present wa eww nw ewe wee ws nmn ad N US W Rm WQ 16 Labial disc visible in lateral view 17 Canals fasciculi present 18 Habitus open circle to straight n closed circle to spiral F Lip anteriorly rounded J nce nee ee flattened T asi u st es www uw UO ee w Fusion of incisures ye orc v shaped u or m shaped 0 Lip annulations three or less 3 TOur bo fYwve iugo en AR SI Or MORE Ong vu sce aE RE a a ee al ca Q Quit G Goto next screen denotes missing value For Line numberszg Value is Type G RETURN to go to next screen 14 VALLE n n n n ENTER
11. quit listing s2 After each screen type G RETURN to see the next screen Type Q RETURN to quit and return to Frame 2 menu page 20 25 FRAME 2 OPTION 8 INFORMATION ON CODES USED IN THE DATABASE This option explains how was coded the data for each description as read from the documents attached to the genus database or as obtained through Frame 2 option 6 page 24 The first column gives the taxonomic status valid 1 nonvalid 0 of each description according to the opinion of the author of the genus database Later see page 32 you can decide to compare your sample to all descriptions coded 1 and 0 or only to the valid descriptions coded 1 If you disagree with the author about the validity of a particular description you can modify the code by changing 1 to 0 or vice versa in the genus database The next four columns give the coded name of the species two letter and of the description two digit number as explained page 21 The characteristics of each population are given in the rest of the columns Numerical characters are entered as the mean or as midrange if mean is unknown for a measurement Qualitative characters are entered as presence 1 or absence 0 of each character state To see this information on screen type 8 RETURN at Frame 2 menu page 20 ji CODE NAME FORMAT COLUMNS CONTENTS i Validity of description X i 1 validzsl nonvalici o z Species XX 27 3 letters 5 Descr
12. rmt s onsen t nmm nene nte nn sagan net enn cett meuna sone 1 verme eet mere rnt eve Het sane tet ses eee Mace sacar mses orten camee eon MEMAID gt 4 lc ENTERING LABEL Type Q to quit up to 60 characters per line For line text See page 37 for detailed explanations on now to label your identification job For example type 1 RETURN Test NEMAID 2 RETURN to enter text on the first line Then type 2 RETURN Population in Fortuner 1979 RETURN to enter text on the second line Then type 3 RETURN Revue Nematol 2 197 202 RETURN to enter text on the third line The screen now looks like this ENTERING LABEL Test NEMAID 2 Population in Fortuner 1979 Revue Nematol 2 197 202 id M NE Type to quit up to 60 characters per line For line q text 12 FRAME 3 ENTERING LABEL DATA AND FARAMETERS Peu seres sunu ev Poems stese s EERE votes pagne prera si APLIS dM s nease meata senda podte 04496 4 simit s 2 2 ss s Ue s eens meine Z v s GILAP bravt ss BESS s MAREA OOO s papap s sinap as s qapay Jump Previous screen i Proceed 4 Entering label i
13. screen denotes missing value For Line numberzg Value is Type Q RETURN to return to Frame 5 menu see page 36 Type G RETURN to see the next frame which includes qualitative characters ENTERING DATA No CHARACTER VALLE serto senen seere senos muon eneon meone apose poate secos veem comme omeno omad ortet meent petet vesen ceems stoan nemet Males present nee aaa wee Labial disc visible in lateral view nnnunununs P Canals fasciculi present iik T Habitus open circle to straight aa closed circle to spiral F T Lip anteriorly rounded mnaunuuauunenuununununnuuunnuuunnm flattened Foc wwe ee s a u a a s 7 Fusion of incisures yr or v shaped 7 u or m shaped T 24 Lip annulations three or less T aunnaasannuannunanusuununu Four to five T puwa enn 26 Six Or more T Pr PEDES Quit G Goto next screen denotes missing va
14. the original and composite descriptions of the species considered as valid by the author of the genus database To change the default option B all valid descriptions and redescrip tions to one of the other options for example D enter 2 press RETURN then type D and press RETURN again For question no 2 RETURN Answer D RETURN Type Q RETURN to go back to Frame 4 menu page 29 or see following pages to use other options 32 FRAME 4 QUESTION 3 SELECTION OF DESCRIPTIONS FROM A PREVIOUS RUN OF THE PROGRAM If you use only a few characters you will find that NEMAID will discard all the species that do not fit your sample description for these characters do poorly in differentiating between your samples and all the species that do share these characteristics Many species will have a coefficient of similarity equal to 1 It is impossible to decide which is the most similar to your sample NEMAID permits to overcome this difficulty in the following manner l 2 Run the identification program a first time using very selective conditions a few characters heavy weights The results of this first run are stored in a temporary memory list of all species with decreasing similarity coefficients Then you may decide to run the program again Use choice 3 on Frame 7 menu page 49 This will save all your input and return you to Frame 2 menu page 20 When you run the program a second ti
15. to return to Frame 5 From Frame 5 you can change label data or parameters If you want to change your selection of a subset of descriptions you need to go back to Frame 4 page 29 You can go to Frame 4 by typing 2 RETURN at Frame 5 menu page 36 You can also jump page 6 directly from Frame 6 menu to Frame 4 From Frame 6 menu type RETURN to go to jump menu then type 4 RETURN to jump to Frame 4 menu You can use jump again to return to Frame 6 44 FRAME 6 OPTION 5 GENERAL OUTPUT Once you are satisfied with your input go back Q RETURN to Frame 6 menu page 43 and type 5 RETURN to obtain the results The computa tions will take a few seconds then you will see the first screen of the general output NEMAID GENERAL OUTPUT The species with the highest coefficients of similarity are listed below with their coefficient of similarity 7 the number of characters used weights not equal to 0 0 7 the number of characters in agreement score at least equal to 0 7 LABEL Test NEMAID 2 Population in Fortuner 1979 Revue Nematol 2 197 202 167 ORIGINAL DESCRIPTIONS 2 COMPOSITE DESCRIPTIONS 47 REDESCRIFTIONS Type G to go to next screen to quit listing 7 This screen repeats your sample label and the numbers of selected sets of descriptions with which you compared your sample Type G RETURN to see the next screen or Q RETURN to quit and return to Frame 6 menu page 43
16. you are comparing a description from the database to the other descriptions Frame 3 choice 5 page 28 To enter the description of your sample type 5 RETURN at Frame 5 menu page 36 to obtain the following table ENTERING DATA No CHARACTER i Body length wn cena wn ee ener eee Z Stylet length asrsansnsssannnasnansaunasnuu X Distance stylet dorsai gland opening 4 Distance anterior end excretory pore e Width of one body annule 4 Tail length wc senna nen nnn 7 Number of ventral tail annules n S Phasmids in annules from anus anus levelz20 9 Ratio a body length body diameter 19 Ratio c body length tail length 11 Ratio c tail length tail diameter 1 2 Ratio m cone stylet length rne i3 Ratio v Chead vulva body length 14 Spicule length onm G Quit G Goto next screen 7 denotes missing For Line number Value is VALUE e ow wow 4 wow wa omo se een eee Pe ee f E ON uoa ono E P u EN ow wow E ouon wa sn on 1 Z moa on non s E won oa sou non 1 T nouo won muon i gt wo a 7 ow value Question marks at the right column of the table show that all character values are missing until you ent
17. 0 13 Ratio v head vulva body length 62 1 63 0 1 00 1 00 1 00 14 Spicule length 7 22 0 QQ U OO GO GO Type to go to next screen Type to quit listing 12 47 For each character is given the value in your sample or in a description if you are using option SPECIES from Frame 3 page 28 the value in the description you just selected 1bq03 in the example above the score s for this character the weight w attributed to the character the final score sw for the character At the end the following sums are given the sum of all the weights gt w and of all the final scores gt sw the computation of the coefficient of similarity SG Dew The detailed output takes several screens After each screen type G RETURN to go to the next screen or Q RETURN to quit and return to Frame 6 menu page 43 You can use this option as many times as you wish to study successively any number of detailed results and decide which particular description fits best your sample 48 FRAME 7 END After studying the general results and as many detailed results you want type Q RETURN to quit and return to Frame 6 menu page 43 then use option 3 to proceed to Frame 7 END snes anca saves sense eaves torts seven erna evene pete iene neon DE M eee
18. 00 0100 and 1000 If you use a measure ment only species with similar measurement will be used For example if you use STY and if your sample has a stylet length of 25 um mean value the sample will be compared only to species with STY 25 3 3 um is the correction factor change the default answer enter 4 press RETURN then type Y for yes and press RETURN For question no 4 RETURN Answer Y RETURN Then type G RETURN to see the following table SELECTION OF A SUBSET OF ON THE Ra as TERESAN No CHARACTER USE NU CHARACTER gt Body length NO i3 Ratio v head vulva body ler Styvlet length NC 14 Spicule length NU 3 Distance styletigland opening NO iS Fresence male 4 Distance anterior end iexcr pore NG 16 Labial disc visible NC 5 Width of one body annule NO 17 Presence canals fasciculi NO 6 Tail length NO 18 Habitus MC 7 Number of ventral tail annules NO 19 iip shape NO Fhasmids in annules from anus NO 20 Incisure shape NU 9 Ratio a body len body diam NO 21 Lip annulation NU io Ratio c tbody len tail len NO 22 Stylet knobs shape IN 11 Ratio c tail len tail diam NO 22 Tail shape NO iz Ratio m cone stylet length NO 24 Female post genital branch NO Type Go to quit Change usage NO to YES or vice versa for character No This table lists all the characters available for the genus The USE colum shows whether a character is used YES
19. 2 197 202 Type to go to next screen to quit listing 25 g 16 RETURN to go to each successive frame and see a summary of all your input After the last screen the program will continue as follows FRAME 6 OUTPUT T CM EET i 1 Jump i i 2 Previous screen i i 24 Proceed i 4 Summary of input i i 3 General output i i amp Detailed output i Ro D NEMALDs gt 3 NEMAID GENERAL OUTFUT The species with the highest coefficients of similarity are listed below withs their coefficient of similarity the number of characters used weights not equal to 0 0 the number of characters in agreement score at least equal to 0 7 LABEL Test NEMAID 2 Population in Fortuner 1979 Revue Nematol 2 197 202 167 ORIGINAL DESCRIPTIONS z COMPOSITE DESCRIPTIONS 47 REDESCRIPT IONS Type to go to next screen Type to quit listing if g CODE SFECIES COEFFICIENT NUMBER OF NUMBER DF NAMES NAMES OF SIMILARITY CHARACTERS USED AGREEMENTS EMIR H dihystera 1 00 17 17 16600 H abunaamai 1 900 15 15 16011 H dihystera 1 00 ic 12 iGTOO H caudatus 1 00 i4 f 14 IRA H dihystera 1 00 17 17 iHNOO H interrogativus 1 00 16 15 iBGo0 H dihystera 1 00 14 13 a H dihystera 0 99 I 15 14 H digonicus 0 99 i3 12 H leiocephalus 0 99 1 iGIOO H sagitovi 0 99 15 14 iBLOO H densibullatus 0 99 I 14 i3 iBUOO H elegans 0 99 12 10300 H persici 0 98 12 11 1BQOS H dihystera 0 97 16 14 1lHROO H
20. ATODES RENAUD FORTUNER CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 1220 N STREET SACRAMENTO CALIFORNIA 95814 USA PROGRAM WRITTEN BY ABBAS AHMADI HEH KKK EH Ye KEK JC ME CIC E XC E E UC HEHE C E E E E LER BEBE demnm w eir entra seeme tent arere meee came senda shone steed Senet tutte Sorts stint eeuen bte saree uet test tithe mounu erate dette Grete mett oneee rest tents omaro n be i First insert the genus diskette in the drive i i Then press RETURN to proceed or type L to load previous i i input file from diskette i sf E E o NEMAID 7 Take diskette out of drive 8 Insert genus database diskette into drive or into drive A 9 Press RETURN or type L according to instructions of Frame 1 Use RETURN if you want to start a new identification use L to recover data saved at the end of the previous session with the same genus database diskette see page 49 This permits you to work on a sample during several sessions without having to reenter the sample data each time In either case RETURN or L you will see some information about the database you are using For example AMM E E 3 E jE HE E E E E E E HE E E KEARSE
21. ING DATA No CHARACTER VALUE 27 Stylet knobs indented nee wwe wee es flatteneu to rounded wasn anne nnn nnn sloping backwards ew ee eee eee Tall hemispherical and symmetrical sanunsanannnanannan ventrally bent with rounded ee ev wenn n D and V sides joining at an angle with projection or indented c n u T Female post genital br functional F degenerated suuunuunnnnnunns T reduced to a PUS T Quit Goto next screen denotes missing value For Line number Value is ENTERING PATA CHARACTER VAL UE 27 Stylet knobs indented r eww y 3 flattened to rounded y 29 sloping backwards n SO Tail hemispherical and symmetrical n 31 ventrally bent with rounded end sas n Mz D and V sides joining at an angle y with projection or indented y Female post genital br functional nura n y degenerated M reduced to a FLS n G Quit G Goto next screen FT denotes missing value For Line numbersq Value is Type Q RETURN when all data has been entered 15 FRAME 5 ENTERING LABEL DATA AND PARAMETERS
22. KEK E E FF E FE HE E e E E E E ER HE FE FE FE JE E E EE HERE 1945 1958 GENUS Helicotylenchus Steiner SYNONYM Rotylenchoides Whitehead AUTHOR OF DATABASE Renaud Fortuner California Department of Food and Agriculture 1220 N Street Sacramento VERSION 1 01 CREATED April 1984 UPDATED October 19835 CA 95814 USA ko Re KEK HERE QE Ie QC OC RE Ob EEE ER E E E OC OEC OE IC QE E HE HE E E HE HE E E E ERE EER Press RETURN to proceed or type to quit the program You have now the possibility to end the program type Q RETURN to quit and return to system level This option may be used for example if you have loaded the wrong genus database If you want to continue with the identification press RETURN to proceed to Frame 2 EXAMPLE OF A STRAIGHTFORWARD IDENTIFICATION NEMAID has been designed to offer complete freedom to the users You are not obligated to use all the characters proposed you can change weights correction factors and ranges you are free to select a list of species to compare with your sample you can select one of the synonym genera included The exercise of this freedom makes necessary the use of many options selection of genus change of parameters and selection of spe cies that may bewilder the new user not familiar with the program However it is very eas
23. LE DR SPECIES P Dr R B RR M M l dump Z Previous screen s Proceed mp EM T 4 Sample i s Species i sense ence septs Ill e e steno sagen ances tense ener meve neve conor eee pesee II I reste aeons menen onsen satan menos Choices 1 and 2 explained page 5 Choice 3 proceed will take you to Frame 4 menu page 29 The program will utilise the default option sample or it will use species if you had used option 5 for a previous run of the program Choose option 4 if you want to study your own sample choose option 5 if you want to study one of the descriptions of the database If you choose option 4 sample you will have to enter the values of the characters in your sample later Frame 5 option 5 see page 38 If you choose option 5 species you will be asked to choose one of the descriptions redescriptions or composite descriptions available in the genus database for the species you selected Enter the code name 5 digits of the description you want to study The code names are given in the documents attached to each genus database or can be seen from Frame 2 option 4 see page 21 For example enter 1 00 for the description of the type population of H africanus E
24. NeMAID 2 0 COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFICATION OF NEMATODES USER S MANUAL R FORTUNER A AHMADI California Department of Food and Agriculture August 1986 n NEMAID 2 0 COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFICATION OF NEMATODES USER S MANUAL RENAUD FORTUNER Program Written By ABBAS AHMADI Associate in the Division of Nematology University of California Davis California Department of Food and Agriculture Analysis and Identification Nematology 1220 N Street Room 340 Sacramento Californ a 95814 USA August 1986 NEMAID 2 0 Computer program for identification of nematodes USER S MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction to NEMAID Before starting an identification Using this manual Getting started with NEMAID 2 Example of a straightforward identification FRAME 2 DATABASE INFORMATION Option List of code names of all populations in the genus database Option 5 List of code names of all populations of a particular spec es i Option 6 Descriptions of all populations Option 7 Description of one particular population Option 8 Information on codes used in the database FRAME 3 SAMPLE OR SPECIES FRAME 4 SELECTION OF A SUBSET OF SPECIES Question 1 Selection of a genus definition Question 2 Selection of specific descriptions Question 3 Selection of descriptions from a previous run of the program Question 4 Selection of descriptions based on the value of some charact
25. are noted as valid in the database 3 and 4 Options not used Choice 4 selection of a subset of species will permit you to change some of these options Type the number of your choice and press RETURN 29 Roc SEL Type to go For Type 4 ECTION OF RETURN to see the following table A SUBSET OF SPECIES Which definition of genus do you want to use f Helicotylenchus s 1 including Rotylenchoides EB Helicotylenchus s str excluding Rotylenchoides C Rotylenchoides sensu Siddiqi amp Husain 1964 D Rotvlenchoides sensu Luc 1960 Which description do you want to use A ALL descriptions and redescriptions Selection if YES Selection Question 3 Only valid descriptions and redescriptions All original descriptions valid and nonvalid nly valid original descriptions of species based on the result of previous run Y N enter the coefficient of similarity of species based on the value of sample characters Y N to next screen Type Q to quit Nos Answer The right hand column shows you that the program is currently using the default options following pages on how to change these options 30 NU O 7 NU FRAME 4 QUESTION 1 SELECTION OF A GENUS DEFINITION The widest possible definition has been accepted for every genus in NEMAID including all their synonym genera even if the synonymizations are contro versial For example Rotylenchoides is a
26. ate gente enn coven eere seee armee menee meane anene estes enpe poeme db i i dump i i 2 Previous screen New run keeping all input of present run i 4 New runs discarding all input of present run i i H 4 S Exit program saving the present input on the diskette i amp it program not saving the present input on the diskette i a ea Sa mal Ss fs SOc M an Ca aes td Pet M Sao eh E E HE xe ede qe dee Xx e HERE dee dee deae aed dede EERE ERK ae HEE e eae dex de ER de e EERE ede e THANE YOU FOR USING NEMATD X KEKE KEKE HEHE E HE EER IE IC JURE ETE HE E E HE EIE IC IE IE QE E E E ICE e Je EXEC EIE IE CIE E I KOC XC JE Ie e He de ede A gt You are now out of NEMAID and back to the operating system level NEMAID gives you much more freedom than used in this first example Each available option will now be presented frame by frame and option by option Reload NEMAID 2 0 page 7 8 and go to Frame 2 19 FRAME 2 DATABASE INFORMATION After pressing RETURN at Frame 1 see page 8 or when selecting option 2 on jump menu see page 5 you will see the Frame 2 menu INFORMATION zo Previous SCF CON o Proceed t 1 4 fall populations popu ions of one particular species 1 amp ons tall popul
27. ccepted as a synonym of Helico tylenchus and the species of both genera are found in the same genus database in NEMAID However NEMAID can be used by users who do not accept such synonymizations For example you can compare an unknown sample to A Helicotylenchus 8 1 ined i Rotylenchoides default option B Helicotylenchus s str excluding Rotylenchoides C Rotylenchoides sensu Siddiqi amp Husain 1964 D Rotylenchoides sensu Luc 1960 and Sher 1965 The list of genera and synonym genera included in NEMAID can be found in the documents attached to each genus database To change the default option A Helicotylenchus s 1 to one of the other options for example B enter 1 press RETURN then type B and press RETURN again For question no 1 RETURN Answer B RETURN If you do not wish to use any of the other options pages 32 to 35 type Q RETURN to return to Frame 4 menu page 29 See following pages if you want to use one of these options 31 FRAME 4 QUESTION 2 SELECTION OF SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS You may also decide against which set of descriptions you want to compare your sample s A all the descriptions and redescriptions in the genus database B only the descriptions and redescriptions considered as valid by the author of the database default option C only the original and composite descriptions whether or not they are considered as valid D only
28. culated by the program cannot be modified correction factor maximum difference in measurements that can be weight explained by the intraspecific variability A difference in measurement between your sample aud a species will be considered as indicating a specific dissimilarity only if it exceeds the correction factor You may change the values of the correction factors proposed by the author of the generic database page 41 42 the intermediate coefficient of similarity for each succes sive character can be given a weight from 0 character neutralized to 1 character taken at full value You may change the weights proposed by the author of the genus database page 41 42 40 To see the values of the parameters used in the program type 6 RETURN at Frame 5 menu page 36 to obtain the following table ENTERING FARAMETERS NO CHARACTER WEIGHT CORRECTION RANGE 1 Body length 0 7 150 0 827 0 Stylet length 1 0 3 0 21 5 5 Distance stylet dorsal gland opening 00 3 3 0 13 0 4 Distance anterior end excretory pore 10 0 72 0 S Width of one body annule 1 0 z 4 Tail length G a O 22 0 7 Ventral tail annules A 0 19 0 8 Fhasmids in annules from anus O Z 6 0 24 0 9 Ratio a body length body diameter O 8 0 24 0 10 Ratio c body length tail length Q 1 15 9 71 0 ii Ratio c tail length tail diameter os O a Ct i2 Ratio m cone stylet length o 8 4 0 13 0 1 Ratio v Chead
29. discards all input Type the number of you choice and press RETURN For example type 6 RETURN to see the last message d N dX qe e 4e gc x dede qe E E xo dee de xe de dede de qe de de dede e E E Kee dede E E x E E Ke de dee e de de Ae ede de ee de x E E eee THANE YOU FOR USING NEMAID EL EEE EX eX CREE CIC IEEE C E E IUE E FR E JE IE EERE ERE E E JE CIE E IE JEU CIC ERE EHE ICE EE e EEE Re PA MR A gt indicates that you are back to operating system level 49
30. e omit genus name Type to quit MEMOGID o dihystera CODE NAMES ONE FARTICULAR SPECIES CODE SPECIES NAME REFERENCE H dihystera topotypes in Sher 1966 iB OGX H dihystera in Siddiqi 1972 LEGOJ H adihystera in Anderson 1974 15008 H adihystera in Van den Berg amp Heyns 1975 18011 H dihystera in Zavaleta Meija Sosa Moss 1979 IRIS H dihystera in Fortuner 1979 18099 H dihystera composite description If there are more than 15 descriptions for the species one screen full type G RETURN to see the next screen Type Q RETURN to stop the listing or after the last screen to return to Frame 2 menu page 20 to go to next screen Type Q to quit listing s gt g CODE NAMES ONE PARTICULAR SPECIES Enter only species name omit genus name Type to quit MEMATD gt g 23 FRAME 2 OPTION 6 DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL POPULATIONS This option permits you to see how the author entered the descriptions of the species in the genus database Because of the great number of species involved the descriptions are given in coded form with the validity of the description 1 valid 0 nonvalid according to the author of the genus database the code name of the species two letters and a two digit number this code is given in Frame 2 option 4 page 21 the measurements entered as mean values or mid range if means are not known the coded value 0 o
31. ecom pile the source codes of NEMAID 2 0 using a Turbo Pascal compiler The source code s name is NEMAID PAS The following diskettes are available 1 NEMAID 2 0 object code 48K source code 131K 2 Genus database 1 02 Helicotylenchus Rotylenchoides 60K for 251 descriptions November 1986 Other genus databases will soon be available The 5 1 4 inch diskettes are available either single or double sided and on either eight or nine tracks Never use the original diskettes you receive but make copies for routine use Format blank diskettes and copy the source diskettes according to instructions from your microcomputer manuals BEFORE STARTING AN IDENTIFICATION 1 2 3 4 Gather a good sized sample of the nematode to be identified 20 specimens of each sex if possible Identify the genus Check if this genus is available with NEMAID Check which characters are used by NEMAID for this particular genus decide which of these characters you accept as significant for identi fication see documents attached to each genus database Record these characters in your sample Calculate the means of the measurements Score separately each state of the morphological characters as 0 state present or 1 state absent For example if head shape is coded for two states rounded flattened observe which shape s occur in your sample Only rounded heads code 1 0 Only flattened heads c
32. er author his conclusions are included in the description of the species In the list such descriptions are noted original author Smith 1976 when the redescription by Smith 1976 is included The code name of all original descriptions includes a group of 2 letters and a double zero by00 Descriptions of populations of known species other than the type population Only redescriptions from good sized samples n gt 10 with mean values given for the measurements and with intraspecific variability noted are included Reference include only the author s name s and the year of publication See the database NOMEN for more information The code names for the redescriptions use the same two letters as the original description followed by a two digit number byO0l by02 by03 etc Composite descriptions When at least five to ten good descriptions are known for a species a composite description can be made with measurements given as the mean of the successive sample means and morphological characters described including the variability observed in the successive samples The code names uses the same two letters as the original description followed by the number 99 by99 21 For example type 4 RETURN at Frame 2 menu page 20 using Helicotylenchus database to see the following information CODE NAMES CALL POFULATIONS CODE SPECIES NAME REFERENCE A A
33. er these values characters with missing values You may leave some Enter numerical values as mean of each measurement in your sample The format is free you may use decimals at will For line number For example this is how you would enter body length 671 pm stylet length 24 5 pm etc RETURN value is 671 RETURN 1 For line number 2 RETURN value is 24 5 RETURN etc 38 The screen now looks as follows ENTERING DATA No CHARACTER VALUE li Hody Length erete ware iw ww WS RUE E RUE Rn 9 SOROR a Ee SONUS n E N 671 0 2 Stylet length xc aa teeny wo SE ea wd 24 9 3 Distance stylet dorsal gland opening 9 3 4 Distance anterior end excretory pore s nnunun 2 Width of one body annule Tail length nnennnunmananueununuH eusuatuatuZMusuuuua 7 Number of ventral tail annules 3 lhasmids in annules fram anus ianus level 20 1 9 Ratio a body length body diameter ER 2 6 lQ Ratio c body length tail length ween ee 7 11 Ratio c tail Llength tail diameter wo nwa wwe ete 12 Ratio m cone stylet length 13 Ratio v head vulva body length 2 1 14 Spicule length esi wae Race alla da oe Siew a a a ea Saree 7 Q Duit G Goto next
34. ers FRAME 5 ENTERING LABEL DATA PARAMETERS Option 4 Entering label Option 5 Entering sample data Option 6 Entering parameters FRAME 6 OUTPUT Option 4 Summary of input Option 5 General output Option 6 Detailed output FRAME 7 END INTRODUCTION TO NEMAID The program NEMAID has been described in two publications Fortuner R 1983 Computer assisted semi automatic identification of Helicotylenchus species California Plant Pest and Disease Report 2 2 45 48 Fortuner R amp Wong Y 1985 Review of the genus Helicotylenchus Steiner 1945 1 A computer program for identification of the species Revue de Nematologie 1984 7 4 385 392 NEMAID is designed as a tool to help identify the species in selected nematode genera To identify an unknown sample the user enters its description in the program NEMAID compares this description to that of every species in the database for the selected genus Coefficients of similarity are calculated for every species Coefficients range from 1 00 species identical with the sample for all the characters considered to 0 00 all characters considered are dissimilar between the sample and the species Species with coefficients closest to 1 00 are the most likely candidates for identification NEMAID 2 0 is available for IBM PC and IBM compatible MS DOS micro computers with 128K RAM or more With computers using different operating systems it is possible to r
35. escriptions are easier to read than the coded descriptions you obtain when using option 6 Because a detailed description will need several screens to be displayed only one population can be described at a time The program asks for the coded name of the description you want to see in details This coded name 5 digits can be found in the documents attached to each genus database It can also be obtained on line using options amp or 5 of Frame 2 pages 21 and 23 To use this option type 7 RETURN at Frame 2 menu page 20 to see the following message IPTION ONE PARTICULAR POPULATION Enter description code name or type Q to quit NEMALTDs gt Type the code name of a description as given in options 4 or 5 For example type 18003 to see the description of this population of H dihystera SURI TION ONE PARTICULAR POPULOGTION DE 1800635 H dihystera in Siddiqi 1972 Me CHARACTER VALUE 1 Body length 670 0 2 Stylet length z6 0 amp Distance stylet dorsal gland opening 4 Distance anterior end excretory pore S Width of one body annule 6 Tail length 7 Number of ventral tail annules 10 0 Fhasmida in annules from anus 29 0 9 Ratio a body length body diameter 30 0 id Ratio c body length tail length 48 0 11 Ratio c tail length tail diameter 1 2 iz Ratio m cone stylet length E ix Ratio v head vulva body length 63 0 i4 Spicule length 22 0 Type to go to next screen Type Q to
36. icons A faniy one particular population codes of database to Choices 1 and 2 are explained page 5 Choice 3 proceed will take you directly to Frame 3 see page 28 Choices 4 to 8 provide you with information on 4 Species names code names and literature references to all descrip tions and redescriptions included in the generic database see page 21 5 List of all the descriptions and redescriptions of a particular species that have been included in the database see page 23 6 Coded data of all the descriptions and redescriptions included in the genus database see page 24 7 Detailed description of a particular population see page 25 8 Information on the codes validity code name coded characters used in the genus database see page 26 Note that all this information is included in the documents attached to each genus database Type the number of your choice and press RETURN 20 FRAME 2 OPTION 4 LIST OF CODE NAMES OF ALL POPULATIONS Each genus database in NEMAID includes descriptions of l Every new species described in the genus including synonym species but excluding species now in a different genus The original author and date are noted This information appears between parentheses if the species was originally proposed in a dif ferent genus The complete reference is not given see database NOMEN When type material has been redescribed by a latt
37. iculture i220 N Street Sacramento CA 95814 USA VERSION 1 01 CREATED April 1964 UPDATED October 1985 3 EEK REE EERE ERA HERE HEE EEE EEE RE ERK EE EEL E E EER BRK EK Fress RETURN to proceed or type to quit the program FRAME 2 DATABASE INFORMATION m 1 jump i i 2 Previous screen i i 3 Proceed i 4 Code names all populations i Code names only populations of one particular species i i 6 Descriptions all populations 7 Description only one particular population i i key to codes of database i NEMAID gt 1 11 T i JUME TO d F 1 Start z Database information i 1 i i Sample or species 4 Selection of a subset of species 9 Entering label data and parameters i i 6 Output i Z End i i 8 Wherever I was before te et tee i tt nt nt tt ee tS ts en NEMAID gt 5 FRAME 5 ENTERING LABEL DATA AND PARAMETERS rnt te ens ient rtt soere tet stat e carl croce sooto neemt atent sett nones omore sates ter stt s usta aer dn i 1 Jump Previous screen Proceed 4 Entering label amp Entering data i Entering parameters eer men
38. iption XX 4 3 OO original 99 composite Ol O2 OS etem redescriptions B SPECIES CHARACTERISTICS No CHARACTER FORMAT COLUMNS CONTENTS i Body length AXXX ii numerical value Stylet length XX X 2 15 numerical value to go to next screen Type Q to quit listing gt g Type G RETURN to go to the next screen 26 SPECIES CHARACTERISTICS continue No CHARACTER 5 Distance stylet dorsal gland opening 4 Distance anterior end excretory pore 2 Width of one body annule 6 Tail length Z Ventral tail annules 8 Fhasmids in annules from anus 9 Ratio a body length body diameter iO Ratio c body length tail length 11 Ratio c tail length tail diameter 12 Ratio m cone stylet length 15 Ratio v head vulva body length i4 Spicule length iS Male present 16 Labial disc visible in lateral view 17 Canals fasciculi present FORMAT XX XXX XX Xx XX XX X XX x X X COLUMNS CONTENTS 16 18 21 24 26 28 Zo ue Do A4 47 59 43 45 45 47 Type G to go to next screen Type Q to quit listing SPECIES CHARACTERISTICS continue No CHARACTER 18 Habitus closed circle to spiral Open circle to straight 19 Lip shape anteriorly rounded anteriorly flattened 20 Iincisure shape Y or V shaped U or M shaped 21 Lip annulations three or less four to five Six or more FORMAT gt gt lt gt
39. laevicaudatus 0 97 16 i35 Type to go to next screen to quit listing gt g 17 OB No 14 Ty Type G RETURN to see successive frames with the general results See as many screen as you wish Then type Q RETURN to continue with the program FRAME 6 OUTPUT bm mmm emm m mmm yI i Jump i 2 Previous screen i 4 Proceed i 4 Summary of input General output i Detailed output E oe NEMAID gt 5 DETAILED OUTFUT Enter description code name or type to quit NEMATD s gt Obx OO H 1 i 1 1 t t f t t t t UY Hum Hn oven waves seeme nen ren steme nets tury eum innen penae oeenn Neues estes Gime Soent Stuer ones rers sees nates meote veost utens pacar spose Gente tenet er Sebat Seeon smoor copes poset repe rrace assed Use the option Detailed output type 6 RETURN to see a detailed comparison between your data and one of the descriptions in the generic database for example here OBXOO the original description of H flatus H flatus Roman 1965 DETAILED OUTPUT YOUR INPUT IS COMPARED TO DESCRIPTION FROM DATA BASE CHARACTER INFUT DESCRIP SCORE WEIGHT SW Body length Stylet length Distance stylet dorsal gland opening Distance anterior end excretory pore Width of one body annule Tail length Number af ventral tail annules Fhasmids in annules from anus Ratio a body length b
40. lue For Line number Value is For each character unless missing enter character state line number RETURN then indicate if the state is present Y for yes in at least one specimen in your sample or absent N for no Type G RETURN to see the next frame Type Q RETURN to return to Frame 5 menu p 36 39 FRAME 5 OPTION 6 ENTERING PARAMETERS The computation of the coefficients of similarity by NEMAID utilizes several quantities range difference between the highest and the lowest specific value in the genus database This value is computed automatically from all the values of the characters in the descriptions you have selected If you are using a restricted generic definition Frame 4 question 1 page 31 only the descriptions that fit this generic definition are used to calculate ranges For example if you selected answer C in the example page 31 only Helico tylenchus spp with posterior genital branch reduced to a PUS are used to calculate the range Frame 4 also permits you to select only some of the descrip tions included in the database This selection does not influence the computation of the range For example if descriptions in Helicotylenchus s 1 are selected from Frame 4 question 4 page 34 with character No 24 female pos terior genital branch reduced to a PUS ranges are calculated from all descriptions in Helicotylenchus s 1 and not only from those with PUS Range values cal
41. me and you arrive at Frame 4 you need to change the default answer no at question 3 to a yes and you need to set the coefficient of similarity you want to use as a cut point The default value is set at 0 7 This means that only the descriptions with a coefficient of similarity at least equal to 0 7 as calculated during the first run of the program will be used for the second run You can change 0 7 to any value you prefer Enter 3 press RETURN then type Y for yes press RETURN then you will see that a new question appears at the end of the line and you are asked to enter the value of the coefficient of similarity you want to use for example 0 8 For question no 3 RETURN Answer Y RETURN and coefficient 0 8 RETURN 5 When you press RETURN the program takes you directly to Frame 4 question 4 page 34 where you can change your previous selections For the second run of the program you will have to choose less restrictive conditions a larger set of characters different character weights see Frame 5 to modify the parameters page 40 5335 FRAME 4 QUESTION 4 SELECTION OF DESCRIPTIONS BASED ON THE VALUE OF SOME CHARACTERS You can select a set of species from the genus database that share one or several morphological characters with your sample You will have to decide which characters you want to use If you use TAIL and your sample has TAIL 1100 it will be compared only to species with TAIL 11
42. ng a description from the database Frame 3 choice 5 see page 28 and if you do not wish to modify the parameters Choices 4 to 6 allow you to 4 enter a sample label i e a short title for your sample see page 37 5 enter the values of the characters in your sample see page 38 6 modify the parameters see page 40 Type the number of you choice and press RETURN 36 FRAME 5 OPTION 4 ENTERING LABEL For an easy record keeping you may want to note some information about your sample This sample label will be displayed with the results of the identification If for any reason you do not want to record sample data type Q then press the RETURN key to go back to Frame 5 menu page 36 ENTERING LABEL R Li hi Type to quit I up to 60 characters per line For lines text To enter data type 1 RETURN then start typing using a maximum of 60 characters on line no 1 including spaces and punctuation marks then type 2 RETURN and enter the text for line no 2 etc Use 5 lines maximum ENTERING LABEL Test MEMAID 2 Fopulation in Fortuner 1979 Revue Nematol 2 197 202 a d Fi az ar oa z Aoi t Type Q to quit u up to 60 characters per line For line q text When all the data has been entered type Q then press the RETURN key to go back to Frame 5 menu page 36 37 FRAME 5 OPTION 5 ENTERING SAMPLE DATA Do not use this option if
43. nter lac02 for the population of this species described by Van den Berg and Heyns Once you have selected a population its description is read from the genus database and is used by the program as input for the identifi cation Type the number of your choice and press RETURN 28 FRAME 4 SELECTION OF SUBSET OF SPECIES After answering the question asked at Frame 3 page 28 you arrive at Frame amp menu I FRAME 4 SELECTION OF SUBSET OF SPECIES safe este sanu seve stn ssn cnt sans sot sta sate ates tu ote snes ane sete tune uth stn atm tne gute sees ornat neh ses seen ane ste ace erme nah Seren nn eon es suey cent min see xt cute 1 jump Previous screen i 3 Proceed 4 Selection of a subset of species j M NEMA ID Choices 1 and 2 are explained page 5 Choice 3 proceed will take you to Frame 5 page 36 using the default option of the program if you are running it for the first time during the current session If you have already used NEMAID and if you have changed the default options in any way choice 3 will proceed keeping whatever choice you have made before Everytime you exit NEMAID and unless you decide to save your input for the next session see page 49 the program reverts to the default options as below 1 Genus defined sensu lato in the widest sense 2 Utilization of all the descriptions and redescriptions that
44. ode 0 1 Both rounded and flattened heads observed ades 1 1 Have ready The operating system diskette for example the DOS diskette for an IBM PC The diskette with NEMAID program The diskette with the genus database The coded value of the characters in your sample Eventually which genus definition you recognize as valid see page 31 Eventually the value you want to attribute to character weights coefficients of correction see page 40 Eventually a set of characters for a preselection of some species to which you want to compare your sample see page 34 USING THIS MANUAL NEMAID gt This signal displayed by your terminal is a prompt that indicates that the program expects an answer from you RETURN Indicates that you must press the key marked RETURN or RTRN on your keyboard JUMP The first choice of each frame is always 1 Jump By typing 1 RETURN you will be able to jump directly to any frame in the program through a jump menu as follows 1 Start i 2 Database information i Sample or species i 4 Selection of a subset of species i 5 Entering label data and parameters i 6 Output i 7 End i 8 Wherever I was before i NEMAID Enter the number of the frame you want to go For example enter 5 RETURN to go to frame 5 and enter or modify label data and parameters PREVIOUS SCREEN The second choice of each frame is always 2 Previous screen Type 2
45. ody diameter Ratio c body length tail length Ratio c tail length tail diameter Ratio m cone stylet length Ratio v head vulva body length Spicule length pe G to go to next screen Type Q to quit listing 2 Type G RETURN to see successive frames with comparison 671 0 th 24 Far e 20 9 12 5 x 2x 28 6 m3 z 1 5 620 0 26 5 10 0 26 0 27 0 63 5 1 90 1 00 1 00 O OG 0 00 OO Oo OQ 1 00 1 00 G OO OO OO 1 00 00 dq characters After the last frame G will return to the menu 3 18 Q 70 1 00 Q XQ oO OO oO a0 oO G0 Oo OO 0 70 AO OO O OG U OO 1 00 UO of all Q 70 1 00 O 5 y GO f GG OO O GG G ZO 20 Oo OO CO OW OO 1 00 GQ GG FRAME amp OUTPUT 9 General output 6 Detailed output wom ecet eere menee rary penen are arere tutte mwene venus ereot arame caret aese Sonne heus NEMA gt 3 sof sree sere tate ste ete shat snes ce tenses eet nts sth st enn steve eee tees ene tt ste etn etre sei tn ns ste wn sen ee em ne teases tt ste ner eats ne ete te Sith west tee ete ns rte ete ese net M l Jump i i 2 Previous screen 1 32 Proceed i amp Summary of input i i FRAME 7 END F m smee snes num mem rents tr
46. or not used NO to select descriptions In the default option none of the characters are used Change the NO into YES for those characters you want to use by entering the reference number of the character 34 Change usage NO to YES or vice versa for character No 2 RETURN You will see that the second character stylet length in the example above change from NO to YES on the screen You can revert your choice by entering again the character number Change usage NO to YES or vice versa for character No 2 RETURN This time the YES of stylet lenght changes back to NO Type Q RETURN quit when you are satisfied with the options selected You will then go back to Frame 4 menu page 29 Type 3 RETURN to proceed to Frame 5 35 FRAME 5 ENTERING LABEL DATA PARAMETERS When you are through with Frame 4 type 3 RETURN at Frame 4 menu page 29 or use option 5 in jump menu page 6 to see Frame 5 menu FRAME 5 ENTERING LABEL DATA AND PARAMETERS sof mee re rte sete es stan F i 1 Jump i 2 Previous screen i O Proceed i 4 Entering label i i Entering data i amp Fhberang parameters i Ass sss banet tte me cen sit NEMA I Dz Choices 1 and 2 are explained page 5 Choice 3 proceed will take you directly to Frame 6 see page 43 Use this choice if you have already entered and saved the sample data in a previous run of the program or if you are studyi
47. r 1 of the morphological characters The characters are listed in the same order as given in option 8 page 26 and the descriptions are listed in the same order as in option 4 page 21 To obtain these descriptions type 6 RETURN at Frame 2 menu page 20 to see the following message TIONS CALL POPULATIONS CODE DESCRIPTION 9 0 OUZX27381 347 61 5 J000110101101100011100 1i1272338 61 35 g j1io0101010000 1 14400 iFuoo O9SSL ISS R UOO001 10100101 Oooo 1100 5 m7570 95260 0 000 iooioiooioocooQ0lioQ a 514 1922311 pear OOooloiolioO0101000010001 132637312 044461 0Z2Z1001010 oOoiooioO0O001100 1021 422112437391 6 Metu OQioiioooo1100 i ADC O ed OOK 1 5 O926290321 2 63 0 QOQOOiiooioiOo1iO000111io00 iGWgoo 076128 m 31 92211 27361 Z4361 0 OOOO0110010101000001100 LHF OG Q925X0491 24665 GOOGLLO 1101100001100 Mis adr OLOLOOOLOOLOO iXi 6280835 65 0 GL OOLOOOLLOO a ea a amp x mEXi0O00110010111000001100 LAHOO OF X0o2758 564 0 OOOO110100101001000100 2 O090951 5 2428451 24762 OOO00110100101101110100 Type G to go to next screen Type Q to quit listing gt qg After each screen frame the listing stops and you are asked if you want to see the next frame type G RETURN or if you want to quit listing type Q RETURN and return to Frame 2 menu page 20 24 FRAME 2 OPTION 7 DESCRIPTION OF ONE PARTICULAR POPULATION Detailed d
48. reen now looks like this ENTERING BATA Mo CHARACTER VALUE i length nnnm unn um nm mw 671 0 2 Stylet length nnn nuns een eee 24 30 5 Distance stylet dorgal gland opening s s suene 9 3 4 Distance anterior end excretory pore Width of one body annul wan e ae ween nnn hh hn nnn PPM 5 Tail length nnn nnnunusnsuaues uw sumus 20 9 7 Number of ventral tail annules s nomh mme wn wo 13 9 8 Phasmids in annules from anus tanus levels20 22 8 9 Ratio a body length body diameter ec z8 6 10 Ratio c body 1iength tail length ween nan nen nuns mmm n F ii Ratio c tail length tail diameter nonus i2 Ratio m cone stylet length iis sus nun has nnne 15 Ratio v head vulva body length wna sane ween noe aes 1 14 Spicule length enn none ene 13 Type G to go to next screen Use Y yes or N no to describe whether qualitative character is present ENTERING DATA No CHARACTER 15 Males present i a sn xa nnn nns nus uw i Labial disc visible in lateral view 17 Canals fasciculi present e V VOIR ee ARCA RITU m Habitus Open circle to straight u closed circle to spiral
49. vulva body length 1 0 2 0 A9 14 Spicule length 0 7 a O 20 0 Fress RETURN to skip a field Quit G Goto next screen For Char No Weight Correction If you accept these values type G RETURN to see each successive screen or type Q RETURN to go back to Frame 5 menu page 36 You can also change any weight and any correction factor To change the parameters of body length 1 to weight 0 5 and correction factor 75 type 1 RETURN 0 5 RETURN 75 RETURN For Char No 1 RETURN Weight 0 5 RETURN Correction 75 RETURN 41 You may change only the correction factor To change the correction factor of tail length No 6 to 1 5 without changing the weight type 6 RETURN RETURN 1 5 RETURN For Char No 6 RETURN Weight RETURN Correction 1 5 RETURN For qualitative characters there are no correction factors or ranges ENTERING PARAMETERS NO CHARACTER WEIGHT 15 Presence male GQ F 15 Labial disc visible in lateral view oO 17 Presence canals fasciculi 0 9 19 Habitus O19 19 Lip shape O F 20 Incisure shape o 8 1 Lip annulation O 3 22 Stylet knobs shaoe Oud Tail shape Female post genital br 1 0 Press RETURN to skip a field Quit G Goto next screen For Char No Weights You can only modify weights as above For example to change weight of habitus No 18 to 1 0 type 18 RETURN 1 Type Q RETURN at any time to return to Frame 5 menu
50. y to use NEMAID if you trust the author who pro posed a genus in this identification Programs The example below shows how you can go quickly through NEMAID Load NEMAID program and genus database according to instructions on pages 8 and 9 Follow instructions on pages ll to 19 10 FRAME 1 E E HE E HE EE KEKE KEKE ERE LER ER EEE MEEKER ERE REREREREREERERERREEREEEE NEMAID ok bk A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFICATION OF NEMATODES RENAUD FORTUNER CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICUL TURE 1220 N STREET SACRAMENTO CALIFORNIA 95814 USA FROGRAM WRITTEN BY ABBAS AHMADI E E JC E C JC OE QC IC OCC OEC IE HR HERE KH KER EE EXER ER KER FE E E E KE e E e HE fe E E E E OOO edem f i First insert the genus diskette in the drive A i Then press RETURN to proceed or type L to load previous i input file from diskette i emmen ee comme ameen mre fiver preni cervs seth prewe Sense oe tafe NEMAIDs Gd X A EGRE EERE ER EKER ERE KEK EKER E E HE E E E E HE E E E HE EEL EER ee CE E E EIC E HE HR E JE ee GENUS Helicotylenchus Steiner 1945 SYNONYM Rotylenchoides Whitehead 1958 AUTHOR OF DATABASE Renaud Fortuner California Department of Food and Agr
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