EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS User's manual
Contents
1. Figure 111 40 Discrete illumination menu It specifies the dimensions of the illuminated sub scene 24 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL III GRAPHIC INTERFACE III 6 3 DART products Any DART image is georeferenced It is a binary file Mp extension with a header file mpr extension that contains information numbers of rows and lines Associated files extensions grf and gr store the association coordinates x y row line Dart Products BRE BTF products BRF BTF Component Total Mean BRF BTF per image BRF BTF Products Float Double images Double Radiation budget products Byte images Results include extrapolation LAI Products O Estan jon m of results per iteration Image ang orm s Results per iteration Dart Products Maximal zenith 4 Only images with a smaller view angle are stored BRF BTF Component Total Tree ceil and and Sacaba images with last scattering Leaf scattered rad cing from tree soil or grass Image due to radiation at least scattered once by leaf interior R W images coding No change EY INTEL Motorola coding Horizontal plane An oversampling improves sensor plane im the quality of images Figure III 41 DART BRF BTF products menu Mode R lt BRE BTE Products Diffuse T otal Radiation budget products Diffyse Direct Palas Atmosphere Firs Li LI Li jesse Direct2. 1000 for mode lambertian specular Col 5 Alpha e g 0 2 rad for mode lambertian specular Col 6 spectral albedo initialized with 30 for Hapke specular Col 7 A e g 1000 for Hapke specular Col 8 Alpha e g 0 2 for Hapke sp culaire text that describes the material Lambda and Ro lambertian reflectance Number of Lambda pertinent values 491 are from the Aster data base Lambda min Lambda max 0 42 14 All other parameters are defined by the user Hapke parameters Bo h bl cl b2 c2 11111 Lambda Ro Refraction Index A Alpha _Hapke A_Hapke_spec Alpha_Hapke_spec 0 42 4 522 1 4 1000 0 2 30 1000 0 2 14 4029 1 4 1000 02 30 1000 0 2 Figure IV 2 File text for opaque material e Vegetation materials 1 line text that describes the material asterisks delimit the comments in the file 2 line number of available values 3 line Non spectral leaf parameters LAD Leaf size type of rugosity sup type of rugosity inf By default LAD 1 spherical Dim 0 05 m Type_RS O cst Type_RI 0 4 line Spectral parameters A Ripaxia Radaxia transmittance Ning Nsup 7 KOinf KOsup Kinf Ksup Wavelength abaxial reflectance adaxial reflectance transmittance refraction index inf and sup e g 1 4 rugosity inf and sup e g 0 9 and rugosity index inf and sup e g 0 2 At least 23 text files derived from the reflectance data bas
3. es ARS a Centre d Etudes Spatiales de la BIOsph re Paul Sabatier University CNES CNRS IRD EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS User s manual Reference DART User Manual V1 doc Release date 21 02 2006 Author CESBIO Associated industrial company Magellium 10 avenue de Europe mage FT 31520 Ramonville Saint Agne France amp 05 61 28 81 30 Fax 05 61 28 56 00 www magellium fr APE Contents CONTENTS ceca ae dare ate das A enue cane soie 2 I ENVIRONMENT FOR RUNNING THE SIMULATION EDITOR ccccuscccnscccnnssennnesenes 3 1 1 DEFINITION OF A DART SIMULATION nia RAS 3 1 2 DART TREE ARBORESCEN CE A E AS teen notes la 3 13 CONTEXT OF USER a reac ce eee ld dd 3 1 4 RUN OP TAR EDITOR 1 it a a dci do dead 3 II DESCRIPTION OF THE EDITOR ici nadaa 4 IT 1 THE MAIN MENU coords 5 11 2 THE NAVIGATION TREE Piti bs 5 II 3 THE GRAPHIC DISPLAY WINDOW OF THE SCENE viccccecccccccnccnnteenennnenntesssneneenttesnnnnennntensnnggs 6 II 4 THE WINDOW OF EDITION OF THE PROPERTIES sir AAA AAA 7 II 5 THE TABLE OF THE ERRORS OF VALIDATION sois oia ali el a Si dia 8 TIL GRAPHIC INTERFACE in mu ue in dede see 9 III 1 MAIN WINDOW nn AS EEE EEE EEE eed ES 9 TZ DIRECTION sarran pee aL ee ra et Eee ere eee ee Ut eet ac ate del on dd 9 HES PHASE INPUP PARAMETERS ii sde Dee a 10 III 4 SCATTERING PROPERTIES AND TEMPERATURES A a 10 MES MARE a o dl e al 12 USA Maket MOC Urb usina RA AO AAA 12 11252 Maket UD da 17 IS Maket QuMOSD
4. Atmosphere data base Or sky irradiance mnt_mak gt DART DEM file MNT It is created by Maket from a DEM file mak DART scene simulation file mak_inv scene vegetation inventory actual forest coverage plot LAI and canopy LAI values figures src file that stores the number of figures and the coordinates and optical properties of all figures control_maket con general information about vegetation in the scene includes mak_inv IV 1 File directions dir The directions xml file shown in Table IV 1 specifies that the module direction will create 2 sectors and 95 directions 6 6 stored in file directions dir Table IV 2 without oversampling the hot spot and the sun plane Directions 0 0 180 0 and sun direction here 0 150 6 0 are always present Actually 111 directions and 6 sectors are created The sector index indicates the sector to which direction 6 6 belongs lt xml version 1 0 encoding UTF 8 gt lt DartFile version 1 0 gt lt Directions angleStep 10 0 hotSpotOverSampling 0 numberOfAngularSector 2 numberOfPropagationDirections 95 planesOverSampling 0 sunAzimuthAngle 45 0 sunZenithAngle 150 0 gt lt DartFile gt ee eee ee ee 1441300 0 12868 156160 0 089044 pee lees eee m 1681270 10 068275 1441240 0 12868 0 03442 Table IV 2 File directions dir 4 150 0 28 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL IV Format of files used by
5. DART simulation It contains e the description of a scene scene size digital elevation model etc geometrical elements natural or urban walls roads trees lake rivers houses buildings that compose it optical and thermal characteristics of the elements description of the atmosphere e a set of parameters of calculation method of calculation DART Monte Carlo spectral bands e a list of the products of exit total radiative budget images The parameters of a simulation are stored on hard disk in structured XML files e Atmosphere xml e Directions xml e Urban xml e Coeff_diff xml e Maket xml e Vegetation xml e Dart xml e Phase xml The editor of Simulations ensures the coherence of the data of the files The construction of the interface being fully dynamic and being controlled by the structure of the data files the user is ensured of coherence of the visualized saved data I 2 DART tree arborescence The editor of simulations respects the tree structure described by the environment of execution of DART system 1 3 Context of use The editor is a graphic application that gives a global view of all parameters defining a DART simulation It allows the edition of all parameters defining a DART simulation It is used for creating and modifying a simulation 1 4 Run of the editor The editor of Simulations is run through the DART launcher A simulation is a directory which contains the 3
6. cut menu save views Figure III 46 Figure III 45 2D scene horizontal display Coordinates and nature of the scene element under the mouse 26 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL III GRAPHIC INTERFACE 4 Enregistrer X x E o 0 0 4 O y coupe ipg C ima pg Nom de fichier Fichiers du type JPEG Image jpg D Tous les fichiers PNG Image png JPEG Image jpg Figure III 46 save menu Formats jpg and png 3 Display of DART images The user specifies the image file name usually a file with an mp extension The system automatically reads the associated header file extension mpr that informs about image characteristics row number etc Images can be saved Figure III 46 Note files with mpr and mp extensions are image files in the ILWIS format 4 Display of reflectance values and brightness temperatures under development 5 Display of spectra under development 27 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL IV Format of files used by DART IV Format of files used by DART soma Drain aon Optical data base coeff diff xml l atmosphere src coeff_diff src atmosphere xml phase xml gt gt lib_phase feuille_transm LAD txt feuille_diff Input MNT pes i urban xml mnt_dart mak figures src i Maket iain i mak_inv control_maket con gt gt DART BAND i
7. the propagation space around the hot spot can be oversampled Values 0 AQ are stored in file directions dir DARTIHM Simulation Editor Version 1 0 Cesbio 2005 c arbre1 e lx Directions can be added here 1 Direction input parameters Direction input parameters un angles Phase input parameters Sun zenith angle Scattering properties amp temperatures e A Miles dise ban Sun azimuth angle Ap P E oximate number re s of directions Maket Urban Number of directions Maket Atmosphere Dart Maket Land cover s Planes over sampling with a mouse right click Hot Spot over sampling Automatic hot spot oversampling Sampling step Oversampling of sun 2D display of ihe Nuriberafarelarssetons f perpendicular planes with a specified angular step scene simulation RSC Approximate number of angular sectors ELU Li used for multiple scattering directions Ta Figure 111 2 Parameters for the Direction module EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL III GRAPHIC INTERFACE III 3 Phase input parameters This menu is used to specify some general parameters Radiative transfer method flux tracking or Monte Carlo only for mode R without RT within the air of BA Name of the file that contains the directions 6 6 AQ sector number Sun direction Spectral mode monospectral or multispectral Account or not of vegetation specular reflexio
8. 0 001065 0 001409 Table IV 4 File _ diff Coefficients T Q Q T Qsector kr Qi and TG Q with ke 1 6 andie 1 112 File _spec has the same structure as _diff It is created if leaf specular reflectance is possible There are as many files _diff and _spec as there are leaf species The Phase module stores in the directory ib_phase opaque surface a file tthat contains the discrete phase function of this opaque surface turbid medium 3 text files that contain transfer functions for scattering fonc_fol j _diffq for specular and polarized 1 fichier fonc fol j specq for transmittance fonc_fol j _ trans where j is the turbid medium type and q is the spectral band index File fonc fol j trans is computed once because it is independent of wavelength It contains 7 J Q 1 1 N8 N total number of directions File fonc fol j diffq is for wavelength q It contains TG 2sorei 2y qd v i n and TO r Qy 1 1 s v 1 n S number of angular sectors File fonc_fol j _specq is for wavelength q It contains in the order Ts5 J7 Qsolei 2v G v 1 Nn transfer function for specular Tp j Qs Qy q 1 N transfer function for polarization Ts 21 Qv 1 1 S v 1 Nr TGQ 2v Q v 1 Nr TGs 2v Q v 1 nr S1 J Qs Qv 4 v 1 N S1 1 91 94 0 1 1 5 v 1 04 SM 2v 4 v 1 n P1G 2v v t n 29 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL IV Format of files used by DART e Turbid medium 3 files their names have a roo
9. 000000 270 200012 lt xml version 1 0 encoding UTF 8 gt lt DartFile version 1 0 gt lt Atmosphere notYetProcessedByPhase 1 gt lt AtmosphereProperties database 1 heightOfSensor 20 gt lt AtmosphericOpticalPropertyModel aerosolModel 1 atmosphericModel 7 databaseFileName database10 txt spectralRangeLambdaMax 0 6 spectralRangeLambdaMin 0 550 gt lt AtmosphericModel_7 ozoneModel 4 scaleFactorModel 6 temperaturesModel 2 waterVaporModel 3 gt lt AtmosphericOpticalPropertyModel gt lt AtmosphereProperties gt lt Atmosphere gt lt DartFile gt Figure IV 4 The format of each line of the file is a comment between asterisks followed of one or more parameters separated by spaces To remain compatible with the other atmosphere options of DART the atmosphere src file is always created even if there is no data base Then it contains only one line of comment No Atmosphere simulation 1 0 1 0 790 92 0 1 0 4 a 01 0 95 Gas Optical Depth diffusion 0 049 Gas Scale Factor diffusion 8454 9 H20 Optical Depth dd 2402 5 CO2 Optical Depth 8467 9 CO Optical Depth 6243 7 E Already Not yet processed by phase 0 1 Without with database s 0 1 if without with database 1 Database file name di databasel0 txt Spectral sampling 2 0 2 5 Type of model atmosphere 0 7 7 if Type of model atmosphere 7 Scale Factor model 0 6 Oz
10. 33 Number of A for gas transmittance 3267 Number of liquid H20 values E SPECTRAL SAMPLING nu_max 33327 lambda_min 0 300057 nu _ min 667 lambda max 14 992504 freg_incr 10 AEROSOLS PARAMETERS model manual RURALV23 RURALVD5 MARITV23 URBANV D TROPOV50 FOGRVO5 Hp 050 2000 0 2000 0 2000 0 2000 0 2000 0 2000 0 gl_p 0 0000 0 7900 0 7900 0 7900 0 7900 0 7900 0 7900 az Pp 0 0000 0 4000 0 4000 0 4000 0 4000 0 4000 0 4000 a_p 0 0000 0 9500 0 9500 0 9500 0 9500 0 9500 0 9500 UNIFORMLY MIXED GASES PARAMETERS alpha 0 0086 beta 4 1303 model manual USSTD76 TROPICAL MIDLATSUM MIDLATWIN SUBARCSUM SUBARCWIN H_m 0 0 8454 9 383835 3 8814 5 7972 3 8424 1 7552 8 H_H20 0 0 2402 5 2167 4 2087 9 2434 5 2289 4 3471 8 H_CO2 0 0 8467 9 8846 7 8653 6 7997 0 8415 3 7542 9 H_CO 00 6243 7 6393 4 6307 9 59570 6195 8 OTA eo H CH4 0 0 8192 5 3535 5 90253 7485 4 7795 0 7061 1 H_N20 0 0 8108 9 8463 9 7989 9 7459 6 7449 0 7052 9 H_O2 O0 8449 5 8847 4 8644 3 7971 6 8424 2 93145 H_N2 0 0 4639 6 4845 1 4694 1 4259 4 4567 3 3914 4 OZONE CUMULATIVE AMOUNTS AND DISTRIBUTION Z1 KM Z2 KM manual USSTD76 TROPICAL MIDLATSUM MIDLATWIN SUBARCSUM SUBARCWIN 0 il 0 000000 0 006558 0 008132 0 007508 0 006722 0 005979 0 004661 24 25 0 000000 0 043723 0 049540 0 041565 0 040334 0 042038 037826 25 30 0 000000 0 206903 0 263277 0 213186 0 187265 0 193216 164728 45 50 0 000000 0 010384 0 011341 0 010606 0 007419 0 009831 006077 50 70 0 000000 0 012805 0 014831 0 013944 0 009
11. 4 The window of edition of the properties Dark input parameters Topography M 4 F F Figure II 6 Graphic display window of the scene The contents of the window adapt dynamically according to the node of data selected starting from the tree or of the display window EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL II Description of the editor The window shows the parameters of the current node and thus makes it possible to visualize and edit its parameters Certain data influence directly the structure of the file boxes to notch boxes of selection These modifications are dynamically reflected on the level of the GUI appearance or disappearance of fields of input parameters The passage and holding of the cursor of the mouse over an input field or on its label reveals if it is available a description of the pointed field When an input is considered as no valid formatting not respected value out of range non existing phase function a red bottom appears in the corresponding input fields II 5 The table of the errors of validation Propert Figure II 7 Table of the errors of validation This window appears only if a validation error is detected in the current document Then the window shows in the shape of a table all validation errors detected in the document o The column Property indicates the access path to the invalid property parameter o The column Message indicates the associated
12. 6 Temperatures Ozone distribution nb layers 32 model 0 6 Water vapor model 0 7 6423 0 000000 1 000000 0 006722 32 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL Type of aerosol model 0 6 1 Height of sensor km 20 000000 TOA solar irradiance W m2 um 1889 524658 Aerosol scale factor m 2000 000000 Total aerosols optical depth 0 309879 0 981135 0 790000 0 400000 0 950000 Gas optical depth scattering 0 085122 Aerosol albedo 0 1 IV Format of files used by DART 1 000000 2 000000 0 006050 2 000000 3 000000 0 005498 3 000000 4 000000 0 005498 45 000000 50 000000 0 007419 50 000000 70 000000 0 009123 70 000000 100 000000 0 000127 Temperatures distribution 33 0 000000 299 700012 1 000000 293 700012 Gas Scale Factor scattering 7552 799805 2 000000 287 700012 H20 Scale Factor CO2 Scale Factor CO Scale Factor CH4 Scale Factor N20 Scale Factor O2 Scale Factor 753 1 500000 N2 Scale Factor 3914 399902 CO2 Transmittance absorption 0 996820 CO Transmittance absorption 0 996820 70 000000 218 899994 CH4 Transmittance absorption 0 996820 100 000000 190 699997 Figure IV 5 Example of atmosphere src file associated to 3471 800049 7542 899902 5713 799805 7061 100098 7052 899902 24 000000 219 199997 25 000000 221 399994 30 000000 232 300003 35 000000 243 100006 40 000000 254 000000 45 000000 264 799988 50
13. DART IV 2 File LAD txt Phase module computes systematically the uniform 0 spherical 1 erectophile 2 planophile 3 extremophile 4 plagiophile 5 horizontal 6 and vertical 7 LADs 8 LADs They are stored in the LAD txt file This file contains also the ellipsoidal 8 or the elliptical 9 LADS if one of these is required Phase module stores also the elliptical LAD in the LAD _ELLIPT txt file if this LAD is specified Bo BIE ANR esma ALI AA A giso A AGE ojo 0 01098 1 0 0001522 0 o 3 obo219784 00 021739 5 0 o efo TS M un ee Peli la Re e lee dee e ds Ce pee E ee 0 890 010989 189 0 017452 2 890 021971 3 89 0 000007 4 890 0217131 5 goJo ooo108 6 so 0 789 o 8 s9 002082 9 90 215362 00 010989 1p0 o f2jpoo oz1o78 3ppoj o Bop o21739 s5 ojo o000276 9o o 7bo 1 8j900 379844 9 bob 003750 Table IV 3 File LAD txt Only 1 or none of the ellipsoidal 8 and elliptical 9 LAD is stored 1V 3 Format of file diff File diff stores scattering coefficients T A sun 2 and T Qsector Qi and coefficient TG Q with ke 1 Number_of_sectors and ie 1 Number_of_directions The example shown in Table IV 4 is for 6 sectors and 112 directions 0 0 including sun direction 0 150 d 0 SectorDirection 112 is sun direction with a null solid angle this information is redundant Pirlo Dir2 Dir3 Dir 4 Dir 109 Dir 110 Dir 111 Dir 112 0 001331 0 0 001409 0 001065 0 001065 0 001066
14. Direct Sensor plane im q Radiation budget products LAI products Profiles TINCR fINTR fABSR SC Number of no empty cells layer 3D fINCR fINTR fABSR fSCAR Y Vertical LAI profile T T Extrapolation 3D LAI matrix Figure III 42 Radiation budget and LAI products menu Mode R LAI products are simply derived from the computer scene 111 7 View menu The View menu Figure 111 43 is used to display and save information format jpg or png CloartiHm Launcher 1 1 2 G Documents and Settings gastellu dart local simulations vertier Eoo ioj xj Application Parameters Run View 7 DART Cut Image Column X axis H Line Y axis Reflectance Brightness temperature Laver Z axis Spectre Figure III 43 View menu 25 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL III GRAPHIC INTERFACE 1 3D display of the scene Figure III 44 Visualisation 3D Figure ITI 44 3D display of the DART scene with the 3 D viewer 2 2D display of the scene Figure 111 45 It displays 2D sections of the scene planes xy yz or xz with an indication of the nature of the cell under the mouse Directly for the 2D display the user can zoom with the zoom navigator menu change of level within the same section and change of section e g from xy horizontal plane to yz vertical plane through the present y z coordinates with the
15. It can be 1 a soil surface that is simply superimposed over the soil surface of the DART scene 2 a vegetation parallelepiped with a bottom interface that is the soil surface of the DART scene and 3 a vegetation parallelepiped with a soil surface that is superimposed over the soil surface of the DART scene Plot Type of plot Vegetation y Polygon 2D anticlockwise Point 2D x m 27 y m 24 Point 2D x m 35 y m 24 Point 2D x m 35 y m 26 Point 2D Soil x m 27 Optical property y m 26 Phase function s name sol Type of phase function Lambertian Plot vegetation properties Height m 0 50 Topography Standard deviation 0 6 Presence of topography LAI uf if LAI lt 0 0 3 Topography pe Vegetation optical propert Filename cloche100x100 E g P i Phase function s nz feuille Figure III 9 Parameters of a the soil surface of the scene and b of a vegetation plot c Water surface Lakes and rivers are the 2 types of water surfaces They can be priority on vegetation plots Each is defined by an opaque scattering function and its projection on a horizontal plane lake ellipse defined by its center and its two axes along the x and y axes river segments between successive points x y and with a specified width Water surfaces Figure 111 10 Water priority on vegetation C Selecti on of water priority on vegetation 13 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUA
16. error message The causes of invalidity of a field are as follows o Badly formatted field presence of unexpected character o Value seized out of the interval of definition o Non existing phase function o Input file absent of the local filing system A click on a line of the table allows one to reach the edition of the erroneous parameter EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL III GRAPHIC INTERFACE ITIGRAPHIC INTERFACE III 1 Main window e Menu Application Used to create a new simulation or to load a previous simulation e Menu Parameters Opens an editor used to specify all parameters for all DART modules A priori parameters are usually proposed in order to ease the operator e Menu Run Used to run the executable modules DIRECTIONS PHASE MAKET and RT_DART e Menu View Used to view the landscape computer simulation images and some results New Simulation Application Parameters Run Direction Phase Maket Dart Vegetation DART Reflectance Brightness temperature Spectre Figure III 1 Welcome menu of DARTI a Creation of a new simulation or selection of a previous one b Parameter editor c DART executables d Display of the scene and of a few DART results III 2 Direction This menu is used to create the Ng propagation directions The 4m space is homogeneously Sampled In addition the solar plane and the perpendicular plane can be oversampled Similarly
17. n Hapke specular Tsop j Qs Qv G v 1 n Hapke polarisation Figure IV 1 Files created by the Phase module Mode monospectral top Mode multispectral bottom IV 4 Format of _transm file File _transm stores coefficients G Q for all directions of directions dir plus sun direction with a null solid angle Thus here this file contains 112 values 30 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL IV Format of files used by DART Dirt Di 2 Dies Did Dir 109 Dir 110 Dir 111 Dir 112 os 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 Table IV 5 File _transm Spherical LAD Coefficient G Q with e 1 112 Dir 112 sun direction Qs with 4Q 0 redundant information because Q is already present IV 5 Format of txt data base reflectance The structure of the data base reflectance differs depending on the fact that we deal with opaque materials surface scattering or turbid vegetation volume scattering e Opaque materials 1 line text that describes the material asterisks delimit the comments in the file 2 line number of available values 3 line Lambda_min Lambda_max Amin Amax 4 line non spectral Hapke parameters b h b c b c by default b h b c1 b2 C2 1 5 line spectral parameters lambda Ro n A O A Col 1 wavelengths Col 2 lambertian spectral reflectance Col 3 refraction index e g 1 4 for mode lambertian specular Col 4 A e g
18. simulation opening of a simulation safeguards simulation in progress to leave the application a hierarchical tree of navigation of the structure of the data offering the functions of addition suppression of nodes of data a chart window of visualization of the scene a zone of visualization and input of the parameters a table of the errors associated to the validation of the current simulation EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL II Description of the editor II 1 The main menu File Mew Simulation Open Simulation Save Simulation Quit Figure 11 2 Main menu New Simulation Creates a new simulation Open Simulation Opens an existing simulation Save Simulation Saves the current simulation Leaves the editor 11 2 The navigation tree ae 10 Direction input parameters 2 Phase input parameters Scattering properties amp temperatures E Scattering properties 0 Lambertian multispectral Functions 2 0 Lambertian Specular multispectral Functions i 0 Hapke Specular multispectral Functions 0 Phase multispectral Functions D Vegetation multispectral phase Functions E 6 Lambertian monospectral Functions fave 0 Lambertian Specular monospectral Functions 7 0 Hapke Specular monospectral Functions gt 0 Phase monospectral Functions E 1 Vegetation monospectral phase Functions Temperature except leaves Maket Mot urban o e Soi 0 Plots E
19. specified in the Phase input parameters menu DART mode is R if Amax lt Ai T if Amin gt A2 and R T if Amax gt A1 and Amin lt A2 All atmospheres are possible except Atmosphere simulation without data base In mode R in the absence of atmosphere simulation atmosphere illumination is simulated with spectral SKYL in the DART atmospheric parameters menu Parameters associated to modes R and T are input because a single multispectral simulation can include different modes among R T and R T Dart input parameters multispectral Radiative transfer method Scene simulation file Tapoja Sun zenith angle Sun azimuth angle Subscene illumination Gauss Siedel Specular leaf amp grass Dart mode Directions filename Propagation treshold Albedo treshold Number of iteration Radiometric sensor simulation Exactly penodic scene Dart mode R T R T Number of spectral bands Flux tracking mak Figure III 39 DART multispectral input parameters menu directions dir 0 000010 0 000010 Source Earth Sun min wavelengtl 2 5 Source Earth Sun max wavelengt 3 0 Spectral domain TIR Earth surface temperature Discretelllumination Width dx m Width dy m Cente x m Center y m Humination Illumination Temperatures file
20. 0 089044 eee Neos PEA ae 1681270 0 068275 0 089044 0 12868 0 03442 Table IV 7 File of incident BOA irradiance Its structure is identical to that of the IIDAq out file Its last line is a comment between asterisks followed by the value of sun BOA illumination in W m m A In multispectral mode all files must have the same name followed by the number of the spectral interval IV 9 Format of files coeff_diff xml and src lt xml version 1 0 encoding UTF 8 gt lt DartFile version 1 0 gt lt Coeff_diff gt lt OpticalFunctions gt lt LambertianMonoFunctions gt lt LambertianMono ident sol parameters 1 ro 0 33 roStDev 0 000 gt lt LambertianMono ident tronc parameters 1 ro 0 2 roStDev 0 000 gt lt LambertianMono ident toit parameters 1 ro 0 3 roStDev 0 000 gt lt LambertianMono ident mur parameters 1 ro 0 3 roStDev 0 000 gt lt LambertianMonoFunctions gt lt LambertianSpecularMonoFunctions gt lt HapkeSpecularMonoFunctions gt lt PhaseMonoFunctions gt lt LeafPhaseMonoFunctions gt lt LeafPhaseMono dimFoliar 0 01 ident feuille indRefracInf 1 40 indRefracSup 1 40 koInf 1 koSup 1 lad 1 parameters 1 rhoMoy 0 500046 rhoMoySpec 0 rolnf 0 30 roSup 0 30 tMax 310 tMin 300 to 0 20 typeRugositelnf 0 typeRugositeSup 0 gt 35 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL IV Format of files used by DART lt Directi
21. 123 0 012533 007516 70 100 0 000000 0 000150 0 000200 0 000266 0 000127 0 000277 000161 TEMPERATURES Z KM manual USSTD76 TROPICAL MIDLATSUM MIDLATWIN SUBARCSUM SUBARCWIN 0 0 0 288 2 299 7 294 2 TAr 287 2 257 2 24 Ur 220 6 219 2 223 9 215342 226 6 211 8 25 0 0 221 6 221 4 225 1 215 2 228 1 211 2 30 0 0 226 5 232 3 233 7 217 4 239a L 216 0 35 0 0 236 5 243 1 245 2 2271 9 247 2 ENTE 34 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL IV Format of files used by DART 2d 21032 Lo Allaz LOS 219 210 2 4 23021 216 6 245 4 LOS T907 i 218 6 190 4 Valles a SPECTRAL TRANSMITTANCE OF ABSORBING GASES AND WATER VAPOR V Ea To To To To To To To 0 OO 0 OO OO 0 0 Teo2 Teo2 Teo2 Tco2 Tco2 Teo2 Teo2 Teo eo 8 s Teo Tona e o o Tona Txoo e o o Ty20 To e o o To Tyo e o o Tyo To3 e o o cm Um W m um manual RURALV23 RURALV5 MARITV23 URBANV5 TROPOV50 FOGRVO5 manual RURALV23 RURALV5 MARITV23 URBANV5 TROPOV50 FOGRVO5 manual USSTD7 76 TROPICAL MIDLATSUM MIDLATWIN SUBARCSUM SUBARCWIN manual USSTD76 TROPICAL MIDLATSUM MIDLATWIN SUBARCSUM SUBARCWIN d 0 1 d 0 2 d 0 3 d 0 4 d 0 6 d 0 8 d 1 0 d 1 4 d 1 8 d 2 2 d 2 6 d 3 0 d 3 4 d 3 8 d 4 2 d 4 6 d 5 0 14 992504 5 15E 02 0 0000 0 0163 0 0677 0 0218 0 0881 0s 00S 2 oa a a dio F0Z lt 0 0000 Desi Diada 0 4652 LoS Ove OL ies dad e Table IV 6 Atmosphere data base 10cm source Modtran 3 IV 8 Format of the irradiance file that specifies the Earth scene irradiance 144 300 0 aa
22. H CC 2e rs masse dd ae nn ne Cairn 20 III 6 DAR D a eT eS hee tree de eee Oe Or een D re 22 ITI 6 1 DART atmospheric parameters ss rr 22 11 62 DART NDUT parameters ucrsanssocenanrsosetenmerantarsssatenmotastamenasecsenantareesebenmetacte 22 HE SD ART Dr OGUCES Sn nee dan ne Net san D ec di te 25 WED VEW MENG 0 EAS niet ce AAA Ress im 25 IV FORMAT OFFILES USED BY DARTI iia ana aaa 28 IV 1 PILE DIRECTIONS DIR SRE O ne ne nr Ne Se Re nn ne ne pee ee 28 IV 2 PIE LAD D Mestad aihon aegis sac senaasatereaemics Sasa sages teas hart Clete cadet taco h dad eee shea iees 29 IV 3 EORMATOP FILE DIF iaa oa 29 IV 4 FORMAT OF TRANSM FILES 30 IV 5 FORMAT OF TXT DATA BASE REFLECTANCE Js AS 31 IV 6 FORMAT OF ATMOSPHERE SRG FILE 2er aia 32 IV 7 ATMOSPHERE DATA BASE io 34 IV 8 FORMAT OF THE IRRADIANCE FILE THAT SPECIFIES THE EARTH SCENE IRRADIANCE 35 IV 9 FORMAT OF FINES COEFF DIFF XMISAND SAC iii 35 NETO FORMAT OF URBAN ME FILE td sete nan nes 37 IV 11 FORMAT OF FILES VEGETATION XML AND ASSOCIATED FILES ccseeeeccsseeeteeeeeesueeeeeeeeesggugees 38 IVi FORMAT OF RESULT PIRES ccexacresceneer nee a elo 39 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL I Environment for running the simulation editor This document presents the principal functions of the editor of DART simulations I Environment for running the simulation editor I 1 Definition of a DART simulation The whole set of all DART input parameters is called
23. K De K K K K K K KK K K K K K K K K K Current coverage 0 112400 Total LAI for all tree species 0 000716 Total Plot LAI 0 011805 Figure IV 15 Example of control_maket con file 39 i DART EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL IV Format of files used by 40
24. L III GRAPHIC INTERFACE River nee AY Figure 111 11 Er Path 2D g Phase function s name eau A Parameters of a river iT Width m 0 5 Type of phase function Lambertian m w Lake Ellipse 2D Figure 111 12 pes Parameters of a x m 40 lake y m 40 Half axes x m 4 5 y m 7 Optical property Phase function s name eau Type of phase function Lambertian d Trees Their number is given There can be several tree species specific leaf trunk optical properties 1 Random tree location For each specie trees are within circles around the nodes of a grid spread over the whole scene grid option a quadrilateral zone option or an ellipse FctDistribution option Actually the tree presence within a circle depends on the probability presence and it is more or less homogeneous within this circle depending on the position standard deviation The grid is defined by the inter trees distances along the Ox and Oy axes Trees are characterized by trunk optical properties a crown shape and a specific mean geometry mean and standard deviation of trunk diameter crown dimensions and also trunk height below and within crown Specie Number of trees 12 c Figure 111 13 Spatial distribution Grid Tree Fa ndom Probability of presence 1 location Mean trunk height below crown m 5 00 Mean trunk height below crown std dev m 0 20 Trunk height within crown m 3 00 Trunk hei
25. Multiplicative factor 100 Already process Yes Half angular width rad 0 20 b2 0 00 Phase function s sol Refraction ind b ha e me ion index p Er 0 50 Reflectance 0 3 0 00 r Computed albedo c2 1 00 Reflectance s St 0 000 C ted lar albed 0 00 L A db omputed specular albedo C h Hot Spot width 0 003 a Figure III 5 Parameters of scattering monospectral functions for opaque surfaces a Lambertian b Lambertian specular c Hapke specular Vegetation monospectral phase function Leaf dimension for Hot Spot Leaf adaxial reflectance Leal abaxial reflectance Leaf transmittance a rante Adil acon nex 1 CS Leal adaxial roughness Constant CT Compad aedo osco nosi Compa spero o U eenn Verica Erectophile Directional weight of function G Uniform Omega min 1 Elliptical Extremophile Omega max 0 RTS A Ellipsoidal a jo Horizontal Figure III 6 Parameters of Vegetation monospectral phase function and the 10 pre defined LADs 11 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS Lambertian multispectral function Already processed No no_name E Phase function s name Database filename Standard deviation 0 000 b USER S MANUAL Lambertian Specular multispectral function Already processed No Phase fu
26. Waker surfaces E C1 Trees with exact description Maket Urban 1149 Buildings 0 Roads 627 Small walls z Maket Atmosphere a Dart Dart input parameters l Dart Products ke BRFJBTF products Dart atmospheric parameters Maket Land cover Figure 11 3 Tree of navigation display in hierarchical form the nodes of data The eight root nodes correspond to the 8 backup files of the data of a simulation corresponding to the 8 independent modules of the calculator EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL II Description of the editor Name of the node Name of the file of parameters directions xm Vegetation vegetation xml dart xml maket xml Atmosphere atmosphere xml Urban urban xml Coeff_ diff coeff_diff xml The tree structure is dynamically built starting from the data present in the parameter files The contextual menu accessible by right click allows the addition or the removal of simulation element when that is allowed To indicate the nodes allowing the addition of element a figure corresponding to the number of elements present in the node is displayed between brackets Navigation and selection of the current node of data The tree of navigation makes it possible to select the current node whose parameters are posted then in the window of edition of the parameters Edition A dynamic contextual menu right button click makes it possible to add or remove nodes of data in sim
27. amberian Without horizontal profile of holes and leaves Figure 111 18 Vertical weigth for uf 1 00 Description of a crown level Empty and or leaf cells Leaves Holes Horizontal profiles of holes Relative trunk diameter 1 00 and leaves Optical property Phase function s name tronc Type of phase function Lambertian Vegetation optical property Phase function s name feuille v Leaves distribution Kappa 1 00 Alpha 0 10 Beta 0 30 Gamma 0 80 i Holes distribution Relative horizontal distributior 0 20 Relative horizontal distributior 0 80 T of full cells 0 40 Ei 2 Exact location mean characteristics a text file gives for each tree its location and the index of its species i e leaf and trunk optical properties and also a mean geometry If the text file does not exist the user can create it with a grid distribution for trees similarly to option 1 Trees with exact location Tree position file availab Tree text file x y speci tree50 txt E Position standard deviati 0 01 LAI value for Whole scene Specie LAI uf if LAI lt 0 4 00 Branch amp Twig simulation Optical property ai of My Phase function s name tronc Type of phase function Lambertian Figure III 19 Exact tree location Random parameters option 3 Exact location exact characte
28. cal properties Polygon 3D anticlockwise Optical property Point 3D Phase function s name a z m 4 50 Optical property Point 3D x m Type of phase function Lambertian Y 14 00 y m 11 00 Opica papey a po Point 3D Type of phase function Optical property z m Point 3D Figure 111 26 Complex roof menu z m c Roads Road Point 2D Optical property Figure III 27 Road menu Small wall Point 3D Polygon 3D anticlockwise 30 50 Optical property Prase ni MI Lambertian Figure 111 28 Small wall menu 19 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL III GRAPHIC INTERFACE Figure III 29 Graphic User Interface with the 2 D nadir display of the DART T scene Trees are not displayed They appear in the 3 D gp viewer Figure 111 44 111 5 3 Maket atmosphere The Maket Atmosphere menu describes the atmosphere if there is an atmosphere i e atmospheric radiative transfer The DART input parameters menu specifies 1 no atmosphere none same isotropic atmosphere SKYL 0 2 atmosphere without atmospheric radiative transfer isotropic atmosphere with a specified SKYL anisotropic atmosphere with a text file that stores a sky irradiance angle distribution 3 atmosphere with atmospheric radiative transfer without atmosphere data base input parameters
29. cattering properties Figu re III 4 5 Lambertian monospectral functions Scattering amp Temperatures menu HAE Only monospectral functions are on defined 5 lambertian 1 En vegetation As usual new functions Gr are added with a right click on the 0 Lambertian Specular monospectral functions the selected function 0 Hapke Specular monospectral functions 0 Phase monospectral functions 1 Vegetation monospectral phase functions feuille 0 Lambertian multispectral functions 0 Lambertian Specular multispectral functions 0 Hapke Specular multispectral functions 0 Phase multispectral functions 0 Vegetation multispectral phase functions Temperature except leaves 10 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL III GRAPHIC INTERFACE Optical parameters are directly input with monospectral functions whereas they are derived from spectral databases with multispectral functions Hapke Specular monospectral function Already processed No Indicates that the Multiplic ative factor 100 Phase module already Half angular width rad 0 20 processed these Retraction index EE parameters and the Lambertian Specular monos pectral function Cc omputed albedo 0 00 associated albedo Al N v fa ones J No 2 Phase function s name noname Phase function s name no_name E ul E 0 25 O cmncente wo Lambertian monospectral fuyction
30. directories e Log contains files tracing the standard exits and errors of each executable run with the launcher e Input it contains no file at the right beginning of a new simulation After a Safeguard it contains the xml files e Output contains the output files of the calculator EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL II Description of the editor Note the title of the window of the launcher allows one to verify that the current simulation is in directory DART_LOCAL simulations DJ arTIHM Launcher C Documents and Settings pl Application Parameters Run View 7 Launch Editor of parameters From the menu Parameters click on the Editor Then the simulation editor loads current simulation or default simulation and its window appears II Description of the editor DARTIHM Simulation Editor Yersion 0 1 Cesbio 2005 fc TEST i af x El Directions Soil Added directions Optical property Phase Function s name 0O PE Type of phase functio 3 Phase Dart Product Me i Erf products properties E Lai products properties Absorption products properties E i Atmosphere E Maket El Water surfaces El Lakes O ie Lake Rivers El River E Path 2D Point 2D Fropert Point 20 Atmosphere 21 rhan Figure 11 1 Graphic User interface GUI The interface of edition is divided into 5 zones e a menu of access to the general functions initialization of a new
31. e http speclib jpl nasa gov from 0 3um to 15um are in the DATABASE directory 31 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL IV Format of files used by DART argile txt asphalte_chaussee txt goudron txt tuiles txt beton_de_construction txt beton_murs txt brique rouge txt eau txt feuille_conifere txt feuille_feuillu txt glace txt herbe txt herbe_seche txt neige txt peinture_noire txt pin_construction txt sable_blanc_de_dune txt terre_graveleuse txt terre_sablonneuse txt toit_asphalte txt toit_en_aluminium txt vitre txt x text that describes the material Base ASTER R paria Radaxian transmittance Number of Lambda pertinent values 550 Lambda_min Lambda_max 0 302 14 Leaf parameters LAD Foliar dimension m Upper type of roughness 0 1 cst var Lower type of User gt Ning nsu Koinf Kosup Ind_rugInf Indrug_Sup roughness 1 spherical 0 05 O O Lambda Lower reflectance Upper reflectance Transmittance Ninf Msup Koinf O 1 Kosup Ind_rugInf 0 1 0 3 Ind_rugSup 0 302 2 9582 2 9582 2 9582 1 4 1 4 0 9 Figure IV 3 File text for vegetation material In the case of Q spectral bands the module Phase creates e Q files coeff_diff src coeff_diffO src coeff_diff1 src starting from the files within DATABASE e Q files atmosphere src atmosphereO src atmospherel src etc starting from the atmosphere data base Default Atmosphere data base
32. ea Index The user can also specify the possibility that there is branch twig mixing which means that an individual cell can contain both branches and twigs Branches and twigs are characterized by specific optical properties Branches and twigs 2 R Geometry file s name I B l TAI Twig Area Index 1 Possible branch twig mixing Optical property F 3 Mis n Phase function s name tronc E IT Type of phase function Lambertian Vegetation optical property Phase function s name feuille 7 2 Trees with exact location 2 Specie Crown level Crown level Figure 111 15 Branches Twigs option Figure 111 16 Specification of the number of crown levels 15 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL Crown level Relative heigth vs crown height 1 00 Vertical weigth for uf 1 00 Empty and or leaf cells No Relative trunk diameter 1 00 Optical property Phase function s name tronc Type of phase function Lambertian Vegetation optical property Phase function s name feuille v Figure III 17 Description of a crown level Crown level Relative heigth vs crown height 1 00 III GRAPHIC INTERFACE Empty and or leaf cells No Relative trunk diameter gt F pe Holes Holes Optical property Phase function s name Leaves Type of phase function C
33. erties gt lt OpticalPropertyLink ident toit indexFctPhase 2 type 0 gt lt OpticalPropertyLink ident toit indexFctPhase 2 type 0 gt lt OpticalPropertyLink ident toit indexFctPhase 2 type 0 gt lt OpticalPropertyLink ident toit indexFctPhase 2 type 0 gt lt OpticalPropertyLink ident toit indexFctPhase 2 type 0 gt lt OpticalProperties gt lt RoofPlate gt lt House gt lt Building gt lt Buildings gt 37 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL IV Format of files used by DART lt Roads gt lt SmallWalls gt lt Urban gt lt DartFile gt Figure IV 9 Example of urban xml file 2 points x y z for classic roof 4 points x y z for plate roof and complex roof Coordinate z 1s the height relative to local DEM 1027 1 18 478975 28 478975 6 250000 18 478975 28 021025 6 250000 18 478975 28 478975 9 102592 1 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 1 11 0 18 250000 27 750000 6 950275 18 250000 28 250000 6 801988 18 750000 28 250000 7 089921 0 483329 0 248917 0 839305 0 0 11 0 18 250000 27 750000 6 950275 18 750000 27 750000 7 244261 18 750000 28 250000 7 089921 0 489807 0 257144 0 833046 0 0 11 Figure IV 10 Example of figure src file Index that specifies if it is a triangle or a parallelogram x y z coordinates of 3 points x y z coordinates of the unit normal vector type of scatterer Index for the specified type of scatterer Type of surface road etc IV 11 Format o
34. f NAS batchPhase LAD txt directions dir r coeff_diff src r coeff_diffn src w atmosphere src r atmospheren src w Turbid medium 3 files created per spectral channel q and per vegetation type fonc_fol j from spectral data base fonc_fol j _trans The geometric factor being independent of A is computed only for the first wavelength This file contains GGU Q n 1 v 1 N number of directions but the sun direction fonc_fol j _diffq with q 0 Q 1 he transfer function for scattering depending on this file contains Tg j 2 2y q v 1 n and d J 2 Qy Q i 1 5 v 1 n S nombre de secteurs angulaires fix 6 TGG Qv qQ v 1 n fonc_fol j _specq with q O Q 1 if Ning q OF Nsup q 0 Transfer functions for specular and polarized depending on A this file contains in the order T J 2s Qy v 1 n specular Tp 2s 2v q v 1 n polarised Ts 2 Qv i 1 s v 1 N TGO Qv Q v 1 N TG J 2Qv Q va1 n SIG 25 2 Q v 1 N 1 Slmoy J 2Qv Qv 1 n SMG Av v 1 1 PIG 2s 2 v 1 N e Horizontal opaque surface lambertian and specular Hapke Names of files names of transfer functions for lambertien specular and for polarisation derived from the data base Tsoi J Qs 2v Q v 1 n lambertian specular Tsop J 2s 2v Q v 1 n polarisation File names names of transfer functions for Hapke specular and polarisation from the data base THapke J Qs Qv G v 1
35. f files vegetation xml and associated files lt xml version 1 0 encoding UTF 8 gt lt DartFile version 1 0 gt lt Vegetation is Vegetation 1 gt lt VegetationProperties coverLandMapDescFileName descCOS xml presenceOfTopography 0 selectSubZone 1 spectralBandNumber 3 temperature 0 gt lt SpectralBandProperties max Wavelength 0 550 minWavelength 0 500 gt lt SelectSubZoneProperties columnNbSubZone 50 columnOfTopLeftPixel 1 lineNbSubZone 50 lineOfTopLeftPixel 1 gt lt SpectralBandProperties maxWavelength 0 68 minWavelength 0 61 gt lt SpectralBandProperties max Wavelength 0 89 minWavelength 0 79 gt lt VegetationProperties gt lt Vegetation gt lt DartFile gt Figure IV 11 Example of vegetation xml file The file descCOS xml must already exist and be located in the directory Input It must be edited manually lt DartVegCosDescriptor gt lt RasterCOSInformation nbLi 50 nbCol 50 pixelByteSize 1 pixelSize 20 rawFilename new_3x3 gt lt ClassCOSInformation classFilename 17juil_newlai_sol txt gt lt DartVegCosDescriptor gt Figure IV 12 Example of desCOS xml file Buildings Tiles txt Wheat Deciduous Friche Jachere Lac Water txt 38 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL IV Format of files used by DART Poplars SolSa txt Decidious txt 0 795875 10 Pasture SolSa txt Grass txt 0 863473 0 5 Figure 1V 13 Exam
36. ght within crown std dev m 0 70 Mean trunk diameter below crown m 0 40 Mean trunk diameter below crown std dev m 0 10 Crown shape Ellipsoid v Crown height m 6 00 Crown height std dev m 0 10 LAI uf if LAI lt 0 4 00 Position standard deviation m 0 2 Branch amp Twig simulation O Inter trees distance dx m 10 Inter trees distance dy m 20 Radius for tree presence m a Optical property Phase function s name sol E Type of phase function Lambertian Crown ellipsoid First axis m 4 00 First axis std dev m 0 20 Second axis m 3 00 Second axis std dev m 0 10 14 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL Polygon 2D anticlockwise Point 2D x ml y im Point 2D x m y ml Point 2D x m y m Point 2D Zone E m Grid a Fct distribution b y Im 0 3 0 3 Ns ie 3 15 3 53 03 115 3 c II GRAPHIC INTERFACE EllipsoidSub one Ellipse center XO m 5 0 Ellipse center YO m 5 0 Gauss Std Dev for X m 0 02 Gauss Std Dev for Y m 0 03 Treshold 0 3 Figure III 14 The 3 types of areas where trees are located in the case Random location Trees can contain twigs and branches For that the user validates the option Branch amp twig simulation The information about twigs and branches is stored in a text file The quantity of twigs is specified with the TAI Twig Ar
37. hermal Propagation and albedo thresholds they stop low energy rays and simulation if albedo cst Number of iterations We get 1 scattering order simulations if the iteration number is set to 0 Radiometric sensor simulation Exactly periodic scene or not exactly periodic scene for simulating infinite slopes Dart input parameters monospectral Dart input parameters monospectral Radiative transfer method Flux tracking Radiative transfer method Flux tracking Y scene simulation file mak Scene simulation file mak Topography Topography O Sun zenith angle 150 0 Sun zenith angle 150 0 Sun azimuth angle Sun azimuth angle 45 0 Subscene illumination Normal Subscene illumination Normal ina Gauss Siede Gauss Siedel Accelerating technique z Specular leal Usually selected Specular leaf amp grass LI Dart mode Dart mode IT Directions filefrarre ections di Directions filename directions dir Propagation treshold 0 000010 Propagation treshold 0 000010 Albedo treshold 0 000010 Albedo treshold 0 000010 Number of iteration j Number of iteration 4 0 actual Ist m l l Radiometric se Radiometric sensor simulatior scattering order p Exactly periodic scene Exactly periodic scene Topography Spectral domain TIR Filename cloche100x100 al Earth surface temperature Illumination Spectral band fee Minimum wavele
38. in the Maket Atmosphere menu with atmosphere data base input parameters in the Maket Atmosphere menu In both cases the user specifies the sensor height and the sun constant e Atmosphere without data base Input parameters for aerosols height scale factor optical depth albedo and coefficients g G2 a of the Greenstein function phase function Input parameters for gases height scale factor optical depth associated to scattering and transmittance associated to absorption Maket Atmosphere Status Simul Atmospher Atmosphere properties With database Atmospheric OpticalProperty 0 i 0 Aerosol scale factor Ha m 1000 Aerosol optical depth total 0 202 Aerosols gl am Greenstein parameters E g2 of the phase function a Gas optical depth scattering Atmospheric Gas scale factor Hg m gases Gas transmittance absorption 0 750 Figure III 30 Maket Atmosphere menu Case Atmospheric radiative simulation without database 20 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL e Atmosphere with data base Maket Atmosphere Figure 111 31 Status simul Atmosphere Maket Atmosphere menu Atmosphere properties Case Atmospheric radiative With database simulation with database Height of sensor Km Atmospheric optical property model Manual within data base US standard Tropical Database file s name Minimum wavelength um Mid latitude summer Maxim
39. is database10 txt spectral resolution 10 cm One can work with smaller spectral resolutions For example the databasel1 txt file 1 cm can simply replace the databasel0 txt file in DATABASE and also in function calcul_constante_solaire of phase c IV 6 Format of atmosphere src file The module phase creates an atmosphere src file from an atmosphere xml file Figure IV 4 lt xml version 1 0 encoding UTF 8 gt lt DartFile version 1 0 gt lt Atmosphere notYetProcessedByPhase 1 gt lt AtmosphereProperties database 1 heightOfSensor 20 gt lt AtmosphericOpticalPropertyModel aerosolModel 1 atmosphericModel 7 databaseFileName databasel0 txt spectralRangeLambdaMax 0 6 spectralRangeLambdaMin 0 550 gt lt AtmosphericModel_7 ozoneModel 4 scaleFactorModel 6 temperaturesModel 2 waterVaporModel 3 gt lt AtmosphericOpticalPropertyModel gt lt AtmosphereProperties gt lt Atmosphere gt lt DartFile gt Figure IV 4 Example of atmosphere xml file with data base Already processed by Phase 1 N20 Transmittance absorption 0 996820 Without with database 1 O2 Transmittance absorption 0 996820 Database file name database 10 txt N2 Transmittance absorption 0 996820 Spectral sampling 0 550000 0 600000 O3 Transmittance absorption 0 954105 Type of model atmosphere 0 7 7 H20 Transmittance absorption 0 995023 Scale factor model 0 6 Ozone model 0
40. lbedo moy Phase Parameters 0 1 File Name Number of parameters if this number is 4 Lambertan Specular Ro A Alpha Refraction Index Albedo moy if this number is 10 Hapke Specular Albedo BO b1 b2 cl c2 h A Alpha Refraction Index Albedo moy Understory Parameters 0 1 File Name omegaMin omegaMax clumpingA clumpingB LAD Ellipsoidal ALA Elliptical Thetam Eccentricity Dim Foliar RoSup Rolnf To IndRefracInf IndRefracSup TypeRugositelnf KoInf Ind_RugInf TypeRugositeSup KoSup Ind_RugSup Albedo moy Albedo spec 1 feuille 1 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 1 0 010000 0 300000 0 300000 0 200000 1 400000 1 400000 0 1 000000 0 1 000000 0 500046 0 000000 36 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL IV Format of files used by DART Tmin Tmax for soil 300 000000 310 000000 Tmin Tmax for water 300 000000 310 000000 Tmin Tmax for roads 300 000000 310 000000 Bees e T are Hecessaty Tmin Tmax for opaque plots 300 000000 310 000000 Tmin Tmax for roofs 300 000000 310 000000 Tmin Tmax for walls 300 000000 310 000000 Tmin Tmax for Trunks 300 000000 310 000000 Temperature for bounding walls 300 000000 Tmin Tmax for leaf phase function nb 0 300 000000 310 000000 Figure IV 8 Example of coeff_diff src file Monospectral mode In multispectral mode with Q bands there are Q coeff_diff
41. location 1 Specie Crown level 1 Specie Crown level Maket Not urban With trees Type of Tree spatial distribution Actual DART scene Bounding wall Scene Exactly periodic scene Scene simulation file Control file of scene simulation Cell dimensions x m y m z m Scene dimensions x m y m The DART scene can be 4 built with or without trees Random location Random dimensions Y Whole M DART actual scene can be a sub set of the defined scene Option possible if there is at mak least one tree in the scene control_maket con 0 50 0 50 0 50 50 00 Figure III 8 Parameters of Maket not urban menu 12 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL III GRAPHIC INTERFACE The user must define all elements that are present in the scene The only element that is always present is soil For each element soil plot water surface tree that is present in the scene the user must specify the optical properties and also the geometric characteristics Optical properties are defined by the type of phase function and the name of one of the functions of this type that were already defined with the help of the parameters entered in the Scattering properties and Temperature module a Soil Optical properties presence or not of topography and in that case the DEM file name b Plot Its projection over an horizontal plane is a quadrilateral 4 points
42. n SA DARTIHM Simulation Editor Version 1 0 Cesbio 2005 c arbrel Normal flux tracking or Monte Carlo File 0 Direction input parameters Phase input parameters Phase input parameters sae A Radiative transfer method Flux tracking gt Scattering properties amp temperatures f Maket Not urban Directions filename directions dir b Maket Urban Sun zenith angle 150 0 Maket Atmosphere F rs b Dar pn azimuth angle 45 0 o Maket Land cover Es Spectral mode Monospectral Y Specular leaf amp grass L Figure III 3 Phase input parameters menu III 4 Scattering properties and temperatures This menu specifies the extreme temperatures of scene elements other than leaves and also the optical monospectral and multispectral parameters of Opaque surfaces Lambertian Hapke and Phase functions With Lambertian and Hapke functions scattering is computed on the fly with the specified parameters On the other hand Phase functions represent pre computed scattering transfer matrices M associated to Lambertian and Hapke functions This is intended to speed up the calculation of scattering by horizontal opaque surfaces Actually these M scattering matrices could be replaced by any scattering matrices computed with any model Vegetation Vegetation phase functions Scattering properties temperatures o S
43. nction s name no_name ae Database filename III GRAPHIC INTERFACE Vegetation multispectral phase function Already processed No Phase function s name no_name Database filename testa El Leaf Angle Distribution Spherical y Tmin K 300 Tmax K 310 Directional weight of function G Omega min 1 Omega max 0 0 b 0 C Figure III 7 Parameters of scattering multispectral functions for opaque surfaces a Lambertian b Lambertian specular c Hapke specular 111 5 Maket 111 5 1 Maket not urban It specifies general parameters cell and scene dimensions presence of a bounding wall that bounds partly or totally the DART scene presence or not of trees If trees are present the user must specify the type of tree distribution Indeed trees can be randomly located exactly located with mean dimensions and exactly located with exact dimensions The exact characteristics location and possibly dimensions of each tree are stored in a text file If trees are present and only in this case the user can extract from the specified scene the actual DART scene In that case the crowns of trees located right outside the DART scene can appear in the DART scene whereas t trunks of these trees do not appear type of DART scene exactly periodic or not Maket Not urban Sail 5 Plots Plot Plot Plot Plot Plot Water surfaces gt 1 Lakes gt 1 Rivers 2 Trees with exact
44. ngth um Temperatures file v Maximum wavelength um 2 0 Figure III 36 DART monospectral input parameters menu a Mode R b Mode T Monte Carlo Figure III 37 DART Monte Carlo menu Maximum RAM of calculator Mo 1000 Available RAM is specified to adapt the Eu ossible accuracy Photons number 10000 id y The photons number Np per sub cell is Order 1 LI specified for each cell 25 Np photons Radiometric sensor simulation properties Figure 111 38 z Sensor Impulse response file ee properties menu r It specifies sensor Impulse response dimension 5 a oa ooo Characteristics for Al 0 1 E simulating actual Sigma 0 0 1 sensor images Mode T monospectral The user specifies Scene temperatures They are computed through a scene illumination in the visible VIS domain or given by a 3 D cell matrix unique temperature per cell stored in a file With 23 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL III GRAPHIC INTERFACE the illumination option temperatures of elements within a same cell can differ The VIS illumination is simply defined by a SKYL in the VIS DART atmospheric parameters menu In mode R T absolute sun constant is required It comes from the atmosphere data base the spectral interval Case Multispectral The user specifies Here the user specifies here 2 wavelengths A and Az Spectral bands Amin Amax Used for the simulations are
45. onalClumpingIndexProperties clumpinga 0 clumpingb 0 omegaMax 0 omegaMin 1 gt lt LeafPhaseMono gt lt LeafPhaseMonoFunctions gt lt LambertianMultiFunctions gt lt LambertianSpecularMultiFunctions gt lt HapkeSpecularMultiFunctions gt lt PhaseMultiFunctions gt lt UnderstoryMultiFunctions gt lt OpticalFunctions gt lt Temperatures gt lt Soil tMax 310 0 tMin 300 0 gt lt Water tMax 310 0 tMin 300 0 gt lt Roads tMax 310 0 tMin 300 0 gt lt OpaquePlots tMax 310 0 tMin 300 0 gt lt Roofs tMax 310 0 tMin 300 0 gt lt Walls tMax 310 0 tMin 300 0 gt lt Trunks tMax 310 0 tMin 300 0 gt lt BoundingWalls temperature 300 0 gt lt Temperatures gt lt Coeff_diff gt lt DartFile gt Figure IV 7 Example of coeff_diff xml file Nb Lambertien Nb Lambertian Specular Nb Hapke Specular Nb Phase for opaque surfaces Nb Leaf Phase 40001 Lambertian The index 0 1 indicates if the computation of mean Parameters 0 1 Name Ro Ecart Type reflectance and or transfer function already took place 1 sol 0 330000 0 000000 1 tronc 0 200000 0 000000 1 toit 0 300000 0 000000 1 mur 0 300000 0 000000 Lambertian Specular Parameters 0 1 File Name Ro A Alpha Refraction Index Albedo moy Albedo spec Hapke Specular Parameters 0 1 Name w BO bI b2 cl c2 h A Alpha Refraction Index A
46. one model 0O 6 Temperatures model 0 6 Water Vapor model 0 7 1117 if Vapor model 7 Precipitable water amount cm 1 4 Aerosol model 0 x if without with database 0 Solar Illumination W m 2 um 1 Aerosols Scale Factor a Aerosols Optical Depth CH4 Optical Depth 8192 5 N20 Optical Depth 8108 9 O2 Optical Depth i 8449 5 N2 Optical Depth 4639 6 CO2 Transmittance absorption 0 3354 CO Transmittance absorption 1 0 CH4 Transmittance absorption 1 0 N20 Transmittance absorption 0 9998 2000 2000 0 202 33 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL IV Format of files used by DART Aerosols albedo 0 1 92 0 1 a lO 1 Gas Optical Depth Gas Scale Factor Gaseous Transmittance part written by phase c if data 1 if without with database 1 Solar Illumination W m 2 um 1 Aerosols Scale Factor A Aerosols Optical Depth i Aerosols albedo O2 Transmittance absorption N2 Transmittance absorption 03 Transmittance absorption H20 Transmittance absorption Ozone distribution nb layers 0 0 006558 1 0 006558 a Temperatures distribution 0 288 2 1 281 7 Figure IV 6 General structure of atmosphere src file IV 7 Atmosphere data base DATABASE FORMAT Number of gas models 7 Number of aerosol models 7 Number of altitudes of O3 profile 32 Number of altitudes of temperature
47. perature model data base menu Sub artic winter sc Pr mae US standart 1976 21 III GRAPHIC INTERFACE EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL III GRAPHIC INTERFACE a i Water Vapor model Mid latitude summer Y Gas model Manual Mid atitude summer Ozone model j Mid latitude summer Sub artic summer Temperature model Sub artic summer User defined a Water Vapor model User defined Tropical Tropical Water Vapor model I Manual WaterVaporModel_7 WaterVaporModel_7 Mid latitude winter Mid latitude winter Precipitable amount wi Precipitable amount wi Sub artic winter Sub artic winter US standart 1976 US standart 1976 w Figure III 33 Gas model and Water vapor menus The User specified option for water vapor implies to give the precipitable water vapor profile proportional to that of US standard Aerosol model Atmospheric model Gas model Ozone model Temperature model Water Wapor model Rural V 23Km Figure 111 34 Maritime V 23Km Tropospheric W 50K m Rural W 5Km Manual Maket Atmosphere cl data base menu Aerosol model selection Fog Radiation W 0 5Kn 111 6 DART III 6 1 DART atmospheric parameters This menu defines how the scene is illuminated cf Maket atmosphere menu no illumination pre defined isotropic or anisotropic illumination illumination that results from atmospheric radiative transfer with without data base The Maket atmosphe
48. ple of file that describes the land cover map soil and or vegetation optical properties with possibly vegetation structure IV 12 Format of result files Name of scene file mak Name of MNT file cloche100x100 dart Size of an elementary cell 0 500000 m 0 500000 m 0 500000m Scene size 50 000000 m 50 000000 m 21 000000m Nli Ncol Nalt 100 100 42 Sun direction teta 150 000000 phi 45 000000 Prise en compte de l acceleration de Gauss Siedel Pas de calcul de sp culaire et polarisation Repertoire de sortie Seuil energetique 0 000010 Seuil sur l albedo du couvert 0 000010 Nombre d iterations max 4 Simulation Atmosphere fichier Atmosphere atmosphere src Figure IV 14 Example of control_dart out file E K K K K K K K KK K KK K K K K K K K K Species Number 1 KKK KK K K ok K K K K K K K K ok K K K K K K K K aul Exact Tree Location X 23 50m Y 34 00 m Z 5 00 m Species Number 0 gt Exact Tree Location X 17 00m Y 22 50m Z 5 50m X 1850m Y 28 50m Z 6 50 m X 7 00m Y 49 50m Z 0 00 m Out of 15 trees 15 have been built LAI of elementary cell with unit density 24 524832 X 22 00m Y 11 50m Z 2 50m Total LAI 4 000000 X 9 50m Y 3550m Z 0 50m Full cell number 20862 Out of 15 trees 15 have been built Leaf cell number 7165 LAI of elementary cell with unit density 7 200720 Twig cell number 0 Total LAI 4 000000 N_turbid cell number 0 Opaque_NT cell number 0 KKK
49. re menu specifies the characteristics of the atmosphere Dart atmospheric parameters Dart atmospheric parameters Atmosphere Atmosphere Anisotropic radiance Atmosphere simulation Anisotropic radiance R T within the air of BA Atmosphere parameters filer Figure III 35 DART atmospheric menu Case Anisotropic radiance The atmosphere file must be specified if there is radiative transfer in the air of BA It is computed with the atmosphere specified in the Maket atmosphere menu R T within the air of BA Anisotropic radiance Atmosphere parameters filenan one Atmo simulation with database Isotropic radiance es Irradiance filename Irradiance filename 111 6 2 DART input parameters The user specifies Radiative transfer method DART or DART Monte Carlo only valid for mode mono XS Name of the file that stores the scene simulation Presence of topography and the topography filename if there is topography Sun zenith azimuth angles For modes R R T T if Earth temperatures are computed starting from an illumination in the visible Also required for the Multispectral case Illumination mode irradiation of the whole scene or a rectangle with a specified size Acceleration method Gauss Seidel 22 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL III GRAPHIC INTERFACE Account of vegetation specular processes i e Fresnel reflectance DART mode R reflectance or T t
50. ristics a text file gives for each tree its location geometry and its species index Here a species refers to leaf trunk optical properties 16 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL III 5 2 Maket urban a Building III GRAPHIC INTERFACE building is a set of houses the walls and roofs of which can have the same optical properties o Maket Urban 7 1 Buildings 2 Building b Houses 0 Small walls Building Optical properties of walls House Same properties for walls Wall L gt Roof classic Optical property House Phase function s name mur al Type of phase function Lambertian Roof classic o 1 Roads Road Optical properties of roofs F Y 3 Path 2D Same properties for roofs Point 2D Optical property Point 2D Phase function s name toit Point 2D Type of phase function Lambertian Figure III 20 Building menu A house is made of 4 walls and a roof Their optical properties can be defined in the building menu Walls they are defined by the 4 upper corners given in the anticlockwise Optical properties can be specified for each wall Wall Polygon 3D anticlockwise Optical properties Point 3D x m Optical property y m Phase function s name mur 2 im ali bes Type of phase function Lambertian La Point 3D x m eu y m Phase function s name mur z m Type of phase function Lambertian a Optical property Phase func
51. src files and for each one there are 2 additional lines at the beginning of the file spectral band and sun constant computed with the atmosphere data base IV 10 Format of urban xml file lt xml version 1 0 encoding UTF 8 gt lt DartFile version 1 0 gt lt Urban gt lt Buildings gt lt Building gt lt WallProperties sameWall 1 gt lt OpticalPropertyLink ident mur indexFctPhase 3 type 0 gt lt W allProperties gt lt RoofProperties sameRoof 1 gt lt OpticalPropertyLink ident toit indexFctPhase 2 type 0 gt lt RoofProperties gt lt House typeRoof 2 gt lt Wall gt lt Polygon3D gt lt Point3D x 10 00 y 10 00 z 3 gt lt Point3D x 15 00 y 10 00 z 4 gt lt Point3D x 15 00 y 15 00 z 5 gt lt Point3D x 10 00 y 15 00 z 6 gt lt Polygon3D gt lt OpticalProperties gt lt OpticalPropertyLink ident mur indexFctPhase 3 type 0 gt lt OpticalPropertyLink ident mur indexFctPhase 3 type 0 gt lt OpticalPropertyLink ident mur indexFctPhase 3 type 0 gt lt OpticalPropertyLink ident mur indexFctPhase 3 type 0 gt lt OpticalProperties gt lt Wall gt lt RoofPlate height 4 gt lt Polygon3D gt lt Point3D x 10 00 y 10 00 z 4 gt lt Point3D x 15 00 y 10 00 z 6 gt lt Point3D x 15 00 y 15 00 z 9 gt lt Point3D x 10 00 y 15 00 z 8 gt lt Polygon3D gt lt OpticalProp
52. t that is a name specific to the type of vegetation j and an extension that is an abbreviation associated with the 3 physical mechanisms considered transm for transmission This file contains the geometrical factor related to the function transfer for transmission GU Q n 1 v 1 N Numberof directions without sun direction diff for diffuse This file contains in the order the transfer functions diffuse Tal 25 Qy v 1 n 7 Ta 2 2v i 1 s v 1 n S Number of angular sectors TGV Qv v 1 N I spec for specular if Ninf OF Nsup 0 This file contains in the order TJ 2 Qy v 1 n specular Toj 2s Qy v 1 n polarised Ts 2 2v i 1 5 v 1 TGO Qv v 1 n TG Qy v 1 0 SIO 2s Q v 1 Simoy Lv v 1 SMO Qv v 1 07 PI Rs Qv v 1 e Horizontal opaque surface lambertian and specular Hapke Transfer functions for lambertian specular and for polarisation are stored in a file with a specific name Tsa 2s Qv v 1 n lambertian specular Tso p 257 2v v 1 n polarisation Transfer functions for Hapke sp culaire and for polarisation are stored in a file with a specific name Thapke J Qs Qv v 1 Hapke specular Tso1 p J 2s Qv v 1 n Hapke polarised DATABASE This directory contains the atmosphere data base DART 2 text files of resolution 1 and 10 cm resulting from Modtran simulation and spectral reflectance data bases 23 text files extracted the ASTER data base o
53. tion s name mur fail Type of phase function Lambertian Point 3D Optical property x Im Phase functions name mur Type of phase function Lambertian z m Figure III 21 Building menu Roofs we can have no roof plate roof classic roof and complex roof 17 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL III GRAPHIC INTERFACE House Figure 111 22 ape ee Menu for selecting the type of roof Roof none Figure 111 23 Optical properties Optical property No roof menu Roof plate Optical properties Height Optical property epe Point 3D im Type of phase functio x m y Im Optical property T Point 3D Optical property Point 3D im Optical propery Figure 111 24 Plate roof menu Roof classic Optical property Polygon 3D anticlockwise Phase ho ae lo Point 3D Type of phase function Lambertian OI Optical property fe Phase function s name toit y ml Type of phase function Lambertian Optical property Point 3D Phase function s name toit y ml Optical propery 55 O O Phase function s name toit T sso ik Type of phase function Lambertian Figure III 25 Classic roof menu 18 EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL III GRAPHIC INTERFACE Roof complex Opti
54. ulation On a node containing a variable list of sub nodes example Building can have a variable number of nodes House the function Add of the contextual menu is un grayed and proposes the list of nodes that can be inserted here only nodes of the type House can be added to a node Building Remove Figure II 4 Contextual menu of the tree On an optional node belonging to a variable list of nodes of which one did not reach the minimal number of occurrence yet the function Remove is un grayed allowing to remove the selected node of the simulation II 3 The graphic display window of the scene The graphic display window visualizes the elements constituting the scene e lakes e walls e various vegetation plots e rivers e roads e plots containing trees e houses The element in the course of edition is marked of a red edging Note trees do not appear in the 2D display window of the present GUI version They appear only in the 3D display This problem is being solved for the next version EDITOR OF DART SIMULATIONS USER S MANUAL II Description of the editor Figure II 5 Graphic display window of the scene Selection of a scene element The display window makes it possible to directly select the nodes of data associated with the scene graphic elements with a left click on the graphic element That causes to select in the associated tree item to open and post its parameters in the zone of edition II
55. um wavelength um Mid latitude winter Atmosphere model Usefdefined IS Sub artic summer Aerosol model Rural W 23Km Sub artic winter Atmospheric model A E Manual within data base Rural V 23km Ozone model Mid latitude winter Rural V 5km Gas model Sub artic winter Temperature model Tropical Maritime V 23km Urban V 5km Tropospheric V 50km Water Vapor model Mid atitude summer The user must select Atmospheric data base and spectral domain The spectral domain is needed for computing the appropriate optical parameters with the information from the data base Atmosphere gas model available gas models are Mid latitude summer Sub artic summer Tropical Mid latitude winter Sub artic winter and US standard 1976 The option User defined sets the vertical profiles of O3 H20 all other gases and temperature from different models Aerosol model models are Maritime V 23km Tropospheric V 50km Rural V 5km Urban V 5km Fog radiation V 0 5km Rural V 23km Term V stands for visibility The Manual option in the menus gas amp aerosols models allows the user to select user defined profiles e g from radio sounding are stored in specific columns of the data base Atmosphere model User defined Aerosol model Midlatitude summer Figure III 32 Atmospheric model Sub artic summer apio ERES ne model Tropical selection EE ae Maket Atmosphere Mid latitude winter Tem
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