Flow Technology FTO Turbine Flowmeter Installation, Operation and
Contents
1. STANDARD U UNITS R RANGE B BOTH SERVICE L LIQUID G GAS CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS H STANDARD U HIGH TEMPERATURE N CORROSION RESISTANT BEARINGS A BALL BEARING C STANDARD PIVOT G CERAMIC JOURNAL D CARBIDE JOURNAL E GRAPHITE JOURNAL PICKOFF REFER TO SECTION 6 5 OPTIONAL DESIGNATORS CONSULT FACTORY Ranges 1 and 2 are not available for Journal Bearing configurations Not all combinations of construction materials and bearings are available Refer to Section 6 4 Does not affect the physical configuration of the FTO flowmeter 2 TM 86674 14 TABLE 2 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS LIQUID GAS 10 1200Hz depending on Model Repeatability 0 1 of reading within normal 0 2 of reading within 10 to 1 flow range in water or normal 10 to 1 flow range at solvent MIL C 7024B ambient temperature and Type II or equivalent pressure See Note 1 See Note 1 Pressure Drop less than 10 psi for maximum less than 12 inches water based normal flow rate based on 1 2 on air at 1 ATM centistoke fluid with S G 76 Viscosity Range 0 1 to 100 centistokes Consult Factory for ranges depending on flow range See Note 2 Temperature Range 60 F to 400 F Optional 43 F to 750 F See Bearings and Pickoff Specs Limited by end connection rating Note 1 Note 2 TM 86674 FTO meters are highly repeatable although inherently nonl2. Pressure Variations Calibrated at atmosphere Recalibrate at proper density Gas Meters Only but run at high density due to high pressure TM 86674 32 8 1 METER READS HIGH OPERATING PROBABLE CAUSE CONDITIONS CORRECTIVE ACTION Improper Electrical Power and signal cables Installation are fun together signal of sufficient amplitude to be mistaken as a flowmeter signal OR Improper hook up of cable Check for ground noise that can be shields mistaken as a flowmeter signal OR Voltage spikes on signals Check for transients and spikes that can be mistaken as a flowmeter signal OR Gain adjustment of Check to see if the input amplifier is magnetic input amplifier is amplifying noise signals or is set high oscillating Improper Mechanical Installation Gasket intruding into flow stream OR RF amplifier is installed in close proximity to the high temperature line OR Insufficient filtering Separate cables and check for noise Check to see if the gasket has shifted and is disturbing flow stream Locate the RF where the temperature of the fluid line does not affect the operation of RF possible an added extension between flowmeter and RF Check to see if foreign material has built up on rotor or supports Deformed Flowmeter Foreign Materials in Flowmeter Foreign materials have accumulated on flowmeter internals and act as TM 86674 33 Check for deposit build up on orifice 8 1 ME
3. 20 point normal 10 1 range in oil blend YA 20 point extended range in air YW 20 point extended range in water YS 20 point extended range in solvent YB 20 point extended range in oil blend FA 15 point extended range in air FW 15 point extended range in water FS 15 point extended range in solvent FB 15 point extended range in oil blend GA 30 point extended range in air GW 30 point extended range in water GS 30 point extended range in solvent GB 30 point extended range in oil blend RI 10 point normal 10 1 range Reynolds No calibration 1 pressure R2 10 point normal 10 1 range Reynolds No calibration 2 pressures R3 10 point normal 10 1 range Reynolds No calibration 3 pressures El 20 point normal 10 1 range Reynolds No calibration 1 pressure E2 20 point normal 10 1 range Reynolds No calibration 2 pressures E3 20 point normal 10 1 range Reynolds No calibration 3 pressures 6 3 SERVICE Liquid service or Gas service 6 4 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Table 4 below shows the available combinations of bearing types and materials of construction TABLE 4 BEARING TYPE MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION N TM 86674 20 6 4 1 Materials of Construction CODE H Standard 316 17 4 Teflon O Ring The standard configuration 316 17 4 Teflon O Ring is available with ball bearings A standard pivot bearings C carbide journal D graphite journal E and ceramic journal G High Tempera
4. 86674 18 6 1 END CONNECTIONS The following end fittings are available others available upon request Code Al NI BI Cl C2 C3 C4 J2 J3 J4 GI G2 G3 TI T2 DI D3 DS D7 DI Description 1 2 inch Internal MS Per MS33649 08 1 2 inch Internal NPT British Standard internal pipe threads 150 Raised Face Flange 1 2 3004 Raised Face Flange 2 600 Raised Face Flange 2 900 Raised Face Flange 1 2 300 Ring Joint Flange 12 600 Ring Joint Flange 12 900 Ring Joint Flange 12 1GR4 Grayloc 900 Bar 1GR7 Grayloc 460 Bar 1GR11 Grayloc 730 Bar 34 Tri Clover 1 Tri Clover DIN Flange DN20 PN10 40 DIN Flange DN25 PN64 160 DIN Flange DN25 PN250 DIN Flange DN25 PN400 DIN Flange DN40 PN10 400 6 2 CALIBRATION Code KA KW KS KB NA NW NS NB XA XW XS XB Description 3 point K factor average in Air 60 F 1 atmosphere 3 point K factor average in water 3 point K factor average in solvent 3 point K factor average in oil blend 10 point normal 10 1 range in air 10 point normal 10 1 range in water 10 point normal 10 1 range in solvent 10 point normal 10 1 range in oil blend 10 point extended range in air 10 point extended range in water 10 point extended range in solvent 10 point extended range in oil blend TM 86674 19 TA 20 point normal 10 1 range in air TW 20 point normal 10 1 range in water TS 20 point normal 10 1 range in solvent TB
5. Flow Technology Inc display instruments specify where the shield is to be grounded PICKOFF INSTALLATION Pickoffs should bottom in the well of the flowmeter housing but should only be finger tightened to approximately 4 in lb 4500 gm cm max to prevent distortion of the coil housing The pickoff is secured in position by tightening the lock nut to approximately 25 in lb 30000 gm cm Pickoff is removed by loosening the hex lock nut and unscrewing pickoff from the housing An electronic signal conditioning circuit is required to convert the frequency output of the flowmeter into a visual presentation on a display or to provide process control signals Flow Technology Inc manufactures a complete line of flowmeter electronic packages A typical pickoff connection to the electronic readout equipment is shown in Figure 4 The Magnetic pickoff output is a low level signal that ranges from 5 mV to several volts peak to peak The signal conditioner also called a pulse converter is needed to convert the pickoff low level signal to a 10 V peak to peak pulse signal suitable for process instrumentation The Modulated Carrier RF pickoff must be installed with an appropriate signal conditioner Consult Sales Rep or Factory The signal conditioner is needed to convert the modulated carrier signal to a 10 V peak to peak pulse signal suitable for process instrumentation TM 86674 7 4 4 7 Figures 4 shows pickoff connection to the electronics and
6. TM 86674 REVISIONS E I cesta eme b Kroes oso E mm TROY ooo 6 ss TROY mom e je naas sos m mm naas me 5 wos nam TM 86674 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION TITLE PAGE 1 7 10 10 I 1 6 1 1 I 20 20 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 HIGH TEMPERATURE amp EXOTIC MATERIAL CAPSULE 27 REPLACEMENT 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 NON REPEATABLE METER 4 CONSTANT METER OUTPUT 45 2 3 9 9 1 2 3 5 5 6 6 2 2 5 9 3 TM 86674 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURES AND TABLES NUMBER TITLE TANGENTIAL FLOW DIMENSIONS FLANGED FTO DIMENSIONS MS OR NPT pn PICKOFF CONNECTIONS TO ELECTRONICS go MAGNETIC PICKOFF CONNECTIONS 9 TYPICAL DEVIATION CURVES CAPSULE ALIGNMENT CAPSULE INSTALLATION INTO FTO HOUSING ILLUSTRATED PARTS BREAKDOWN FTO MODEL NUMBERING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION TABLE 3 FLOW RANGES TABLE 4 BEARING TYPE TABLE 5 BEARING APPLICATION GUIDE TABLE 6 PICKOFF CHARACTERISTICS TABLE 7 ILLUSTRATED PARTS LIST 2 2 2 3 TM 86674 v 10 SCOPE This manual provides information and guidance for the installation operation and main tenance of the FTO Flowmeter manufactured by Flow Technology Inc Phoenix Arizona 2 0 PURPOSE The contents of this manual are for general information and to describe the operational characteristics of the FTO Flowmeter This manual does not include information pertaining to special equipment applications nor does it include i
7. UNDER RANGE When used below the minimum specified range FTO meters may become very non linear The repeatability of the meter may also be poor due to bearing drag 5 3 FLOWMETER LIQUID CHARACTERISTICS When measuring the flow of a liquid an FTO meter generates an electrical pulse for each discrete volume of fluid passing through it The frequency or pulse repetition rate of the electrical signal that is generated is proportional to the flow rate of the liquid provided that the flow rate is within the design range of the flowmeter The relationship between the number of pulses produced by the flowmeter and the volume of liquid passing through it is called the meter calibration factor This is usually termed the K factor in technical shorthand K factor is a unit normally expressed in terms of pulses per unit volume such as pulses per gallon pulses per liter or pulses per barrel for example TM 86674 10 Each individual flowmeter has its own K factor This is determined by calibrating the flowmeter where a known volume of liquid is passed through the flowmeter in a known period of time At Flow Technology this calibration is accomplished with Flow Calibrators traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST formerly NBS The accuracy of the flowmeter is the degree to which the pulses represent the true volume of liquid passing through the flowmeter over a specified flow rate range Flow rate is a derived standar
8. flowmeter Check for deposit build up on orifice Clean internals and flush the line Check to see if the gasket has shifted and disturbs the flow of fluid METER READS LOW continued PROBABLE CAUSE Calibration in Improper Fluid Defective Bearings Pressure Variations Gas Meters Only Invalid Calibration Associated Equipment Lack of Lubrication TM 86674 OPERATING CONDITIONS Fluid viscosity is not the same as the viscosity of the fluid used for calibration Intermittent operation Frozen or locked OR Corroded or worn Calibrated at atmosphere but run at low pressure Flowmeter is not mated to proper electronics Bearing misapplication 38 CORRECTIVE ACTION Recalibrate in proper fluid Clean or flush the system Replace capsule Recalibrate for low pressure Check data sheets and assemble system correctly Use proper bearing 8 3 ZERO OUTPUT PROBABLE CAUSE RF Amplifier ZERO OUTPUT continued TM 86674 OPERATING CONDITIONS Pickoff not connected or not installed properly OR Impedance mismatch OR High temperature OR RF Amplifier electronics overheated 39 CORRECTIVE ACTION Check the pickoff The pickoff must be connected to the readout instrument and be bottomed in the flowmeter housing Check for an impedance mismatch between RF and the readout instrument RF Amplifiers are temperature sensitive and r
9. interconnected Check the wiring to ensure that system is wired correctly between components Check for connections to wrong terminals units improperly grounded and loose connections Check the distance between components of the system The maximum allowable distance between the pickoff and the amplifier is 1000 feet for magnetic amplifier and 100 feet for the RF amplifier Check for signals at both ends of the interconnecting wire Flush internals Replace capsule PROBABLE CAUSE Warped Shaft Low Flow No Flow Lack of Lubrication TM 86674 OPERATING CONDITIONS Bearing will not rotate on shaft Internal components are bent broken or corroded Some readout units contain a low flow cutoff usually set for 5 or 25 Hz and the unit will not provide an output for flow below the cutoff setting Some of the line valves may be closed so fluid does not pass through the flowmeter Journal bearing parts bound together 42 CORRECTIVE ACTION Replace capsule Check the flowmeter data sheet for a low cutoff frequency Check for closed valves Use proper bearing Consult factory 8 4 INTERMITTENT OPERATION PROBABLE CAUSE Loose Electrical Connections Improperly Installed Pickoff Noise Pickup Electronic Malfunction Non ferrous Rotor Materials High Temperature Pickoff High Temperature Electronics Bearings Uneven Flow TM 86674 OPERATING CON
10. into the slot in the capsule to provide the proper orientation between the rotor and the pickoff TM 86674 27 ALIGNING MARKS IN s UPSTREAM VIEW Si Figure 7 Capsule Alignment TM 86674 28 FIO O RING THREADED RETAINING R 116 Figure 8 Capsule Installation in FTO Housing TM 86674 29 7 3 PARTS LIST Table 7 contains a detailed listing of the turbine flowmeter parts referenced in this manual Information from the list must be used when contacting the factory for repairs ordering spare parts or any questions in reference to the turbine flowmeters Refer to Figure 9 Illustrated Parts Breakdown for visual identification of the various components of the flowmeters TABLE 7 STANDARD ILLUSTRATED PARTS LIST ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY MS NPT FLANGE Housing Flowmeter 13 83892 01 13 83685 01 13 83904 XX 2 Retaining Ring 2 57 13001 68 di Ali 4 O ring Teflon 1 5091814015 Locknut Pickoff 4610060 Ir 6 Pickoff RF SUE E A 7 MS Connector 1 15 12070 01 2 pin Tail 15 12097 01 The above list is for standard FTO Part numbers may be different due to special construction or operating conditions The complete model number and serial number must be provided when ordering parts same part number as in preceding column XX Dash number defined by flange size XXX Dash number defined by orifice size and bearing type 1 Capsule Assembly includes O ring
11. signal is not detected by electronics Operating fluid has a viscosity different then the fluid used for calibrating the flowmeter OR Temperature change has caused a viscosity shift of the operating fluid Fluid surges possible but meter will usually read high 36 CORRECTIVE ACTION Check for weak flowmeter signal that may not be detected above the noise level of the electronics Recalibrate in proper fluid Recalibrate for the operating temperature Provide damping in the system METER READS LOW continued PROBABLE CAUSE Improper Electrical Installation Improper Mechanical Installation TM 86674 OPERATING CONDITIONS Loose pickoff OR Improper hook up of cable shield Fluid contamination OR Meter install backwards OR Internals installed backwards OR Meter installed in different orientation than calibrated OR Filter is installed in the wrong place or is the wrong size OR Gasket intrudes into line and blocks flow 37 CORRECTIVE ACTION Verify that the pickoff bottoms in the housing and secure locknut Check for ground loops that attenuate the signals into the noise level Foreign material in bearings clean meter internals Check to see if the flow direction arrow on the flowmeter is aligned with the direction of flow Verify meter is assembled properly Check the data sheet to ascertain proper orientation for the
12. 8930 South Beck Avenue Suite 107e Tempe Arizona 85284 U S A Telephone 480 240 3400 e Fax 480 240 3401 e www ftimeters com TURBINE FLOWMETER Installation Operation and Maintenance Manual SERIAL NUMBER The specifications contained in this manual are subject to change without FTO notice and any user of these specifications TURBINE FLOWMETER should verify from the manufacturer that the specifications are currently in effect Installation Operation Otherwise the manufacturer assumes no and responsibility for the use of specifications that have been changed and are no longer Maintenance Manual in effect TM 86674 REV K PUBLISHED BY FLOW TECHNOLOGY INC February 2008 Thank you for selecting a FLOW TECHNOLOGY INC product for your flow measurement application Virtually every major commercial government and scientific organization is making use of our products expertise and extensive technical support This is a culmination of years of refinement in our flowmeter and calibrator designs that has resulted in the technological leadership in the flow measurements field that we enjoy We are proud of our quality products our courteous service and welcome you as a valued customer to our growing family TM 86674 i TM 86674 WARRANTY Limited Warranty Seller warrants that goods delivered hereunder will at delivery be free from defects in materials and workmanship and will conform to seller s opera
13. CABLE MW PICKOFF BELDEN 8761 A R E ASIG Lee pal o S DA SHIELD GND FIGURE 5 PICKOFF CONNECTION TO ELECTRONICS STANDARD LINE FLOWMETER TWO WIRE SHIELDED CABLE FLOW READOUT I aw na TY e e JJ JJ DD DD oo oo ale z la J B23 4 CHASSIS SS E ca R gt GROUND oo oo Te q gt nn ran TYPICAL FIGURE 6 MAGNETIC PICKOFF CONNECTIONS 1169 TM 86674 9 5 0 OPERATION 5 1 OVER RANGE Once an FTO meter has been installed the greatest hazard is over ranging of the meter In general FTO meters remain quite linear when they are over ranged and it may not be immediately apparent that the instrument is being misused However the pressure drop will become excessive and overspeeding of the bearings will cause permanent damage Flow Technology s specifications should be consulted for over range capability of the instrument During operation and especially during system start up 50 over range is normal over the extended top end of ball bearing and journal bearing flowmeters for brief periods of time is allowable For jewel bearings 10 over range is acceptable Output frequency of the meter should be monitored to insure that the frequency corresponding to the maximum over range is not exceeded The probability of an overspeed condition for liquid flowmeter usually occurs during system start up when there is still air in the lines Air should be bled carefully from lines before high flow range is established 5 2
14. DITIONS Connections have worked loose by vibration Pickoff may become loose in housing Flowmeter signals are not being differen tiated from noise Flowmeter is working correctly but electronics are operating erratically Drift in electronics Fluid temperature exceeds range of pickoff Electronics are heat sensitive Bearings are worn broken corroded or contaminated Flow surging or pulsating 43 CORRECTIVE ACTION Tighten connections Tighten pickoff Increase gain of preamplifier Verify that shielding is properly grounded Troubleshoot electronics Adjust and align electronics Replace with proper pickoff Relocate the electronics to reduce temperature to an acceptable level Replace capsule Increase system back pressure or provide damping 8 5 NON REPEATABLE METER PROBABLE CAUSE Bearings Cavitation Liquid Meters Only Loose Electrical Connections Improperly Installed Pickoff Noise Pickup Electronic Malfunction OPERATING CONDITIONS Bearings are worn broken corroded or contaminated A portion of the fluid vaporizes as it passes through the meter and again liquifies downstream Connections have worked loose by vibration Pickoff may become loose in housing Flowmeter signals are not being differen tiated from noise Flowmeter is working correctly but electronics are operating erratically 8 6 CONSTANT METE
15. Figure 5 shows the magnetic pickoff connections The following rules must be observed for proper operation 1 Do not mount the pickoff close to electrical equipment motors relays etc 2 Use a twisted and shielded cable Belden 8761 or equivalent for the pickoff amplifier connection 3 Mount the amplifier as close as possible to the pickoff For Magnetic pickoffs up to 1000 feet of Belden 8761 or equivalent is the maximum cable length in an electrically noise free environment For Modulated Carrier RF pickoffs cable length may not exceed 100 feet 30 meters 4 The conduit for the pickoff cable must not be shared with other services cables 5 A 14 AWG or larger diameter ground wire connected from the amplifier ground to the pickoff body or pipe may reduce electrical noise 6 Earth ground attached to the amplifier ground may reduce the noise Pickoff Specifications 2 Pin MS Non polarized Pins 27 31386 3 Pin MS Pins A Coil B Coil C N C Inductance 0 350 mh 10 Resistance 3 5 ohms 10 Amplified Pickoffs 3 Pin MS Pins A Power B Ground C Pulse 27 61313 Wire Leads Red Power Black Ground White Pulse Input Power 9 to 32 VDC 10 ma Output 0 to 5 VDC Pulse Output Impedance 2 2 K ohms Mag Amp Frequency Range 10 Hz to 10 KHz Input Sensitivity 20 MV p p RF Amp Frequency Range 10 to 3200 Hz Oscillator Carrier Frequency 45 KHz TM 86674 8 SIGNAL CONDITIONER
16. R OUTPUT TM 86674 44 CORRECTIVE ACTION Flush internals or replace capsule Increase back pressure Tighten connections Tighten pickoff Increase gain of preamplifier Verify that shielding is properly grounded Troubleshoot electronics PROBABLE CAUSE RF Amplifier to meter mismatch Improper Switch Position Noise TM 86674 OPERATING CONDITIONS Pickoff and preamplifier mismatch provides constant non zero output due to oscillation of RF circuit Run Calibrate switch on the electronics is in the calibrate position System is detecting a 60 Hz AC signal 45 CORRECTIVE ACTION Check data sheet Secure proper components Set switch to the run position Check system shielding ground and gain adjustment
17. TER READS HIGH PROBABLE CAUSE OPERATING CONDITIONS CORRECTIVE ACTION accelerators OR Foreign materials in fluid have deformed internals Return to factory TM 86674 34 8 2 METER READS LOW PROBABLE CAUSE Distorted Signals Varying Signal Amplitude Noise Pickup METER READS LOW continued TM 86674 OPERATING CONDITIONS Magnetized rotor Hint Error is some multiple of magnetized blades divided by the number of rotor blades 10 is the standard NX 1 of Blades OR RF Amplifier to flowmeter mismatch Electronics does not detect some pulses OR Bent rotor blades amplitude and width of signals may vary Power and signal cables are run together OR AC signals override flowmeter signals and are detected as pulses 35 CORRECTIVE ACTION Check for unequal signal in repeat pattern Degauss rotor blades Check for electrical mismatch between RF circuit and the flowmeter Adjust amplifier gain Check to see if the signals produced by the rotor blades are individual pulses Replace rotor if pulses are not differentiated from each other Check to see if large noise signal from motor or relay is preventing the detection of pulses Check for 60 Hz signals that attenuate or over ride flowmeter signals PROBABLE CAUSE Weak Flowmeter Signal Viscosity Shift Pulsation Pump Actions TM 86674 OPERATING CONDITIONS Weak flowmeter
18. aft and Sleeve D Carbide Journal Carbide Shaft and Sleeve E Graphite Journal Standard Graphite Sleeve Bearing TABLE 5 BEARING APPLICATION GUIDE BEARING SERVICE CORROSION TEMPERATURE COMMENTS TYPE RATING RATING Ball 440C Liquid or Gas Fair Limiting factor Greatest reliability 440C Stainless F papas Journal Liquid limited gas Good to excellent Up to 500 F Epoxy impregnated and steam service graphite Temperature rating limited by impregnant Carbide Liquid Good Limiting factor Up to 1200 F Excellent wear Journal Tungsten Carbide resistance Ceramic Liquid Excellent Up to 1200 F Excellent wear Journal resistance Polymer Liquid Limited Gas Excellent Up to 200 F Limited usage because Journal Service of wear and temperature limitations Pivot Gas and Steam Good Limiting Up to 600 F Best low flow Synthetic Jewel factors Tungsten performance Carbide Pivot Carbide Carbide set screw Pivot needs Engineering Shaft staking adhesive approval Pivot Gas or Steam Excellent Limiting Up to 600 F Good low flow Synthetic Jewel factor set screw performance Pivot Ceramic staking adhesive or Synthetic Shaft Increased bearing friction limits low end of extended flow range Consult Engineering for specific application Temperature rating limited by pickoff availability Limiting factor is set screw staking adhesive Higher temperature adhesives are curren
19. and retaining ring TM 86674 30 Figure 9 Standard Illustrated Parts Breakdown of Capsule Assembly TM 86674 31 8 0 TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE FTO flowmeters are inherently reliable devices and many of the problems that occur during operation are the result of improper installation and or maintenance In the following pages a guide shows some of the common problems that occur during the use of FTO flowmeters Various causes are given for each problem including a description of the cause and the corrective action to be taken 8 1 METER READS HIGH OPERATING PROBABLE CAUSE CONDITIONS CORRECTIVE ACTION Air in Line Bubbles or Line not full of fluid Check plumbing arrangement Froth Liquid Meters Only Cavitation Liquid Meters Fluid vaporizes as it slips Check for insufficient back pressure Only over rotor blades amp liquefies beyond blades Pulsations Fluid Surges Pump or rotor actions Provide damping in system Viscosity Shift Operating fluid does not Recalibrate in proper fluid Calibration Viscosity amp have the same viscosity as Operative Viscosity are the fluid used to calibrate Different the flowmeter OR Temperature of the Recalibrate for the operation metered fluid differs from temperature the temperature used for calibration Invalid Calibration Calibrated in wrong fluid Recalibrate in proper fluid OR Specifications for Clarify specs and recalibrate calibration not clear
20. ard cubic feet per minute SCFM or standard cubic meters per second SCMS TM 86674 12 To convert from ACFM to SCFM we must assume that the gas obeys the Perfect Gas Law The following equation is used to convert the actual measured volume flow rate in ACFM to equivalent of standard conditions of SCFM Os Q x Pa x Ts Ps Ta where Q gas flow rate in SCFM or m sec Q gas flow rate as measured in ACFM or m sec P measured gas pressure in the flowmeter in psia or kg cm P standard pressure 14 7 psia 1 0333 kg cm T standard temperature 520 R 273 2 K The short form of this equation created by gathering and combining the terms for English system units can be written as Q Q x 35 37 x Pa Ta 35 37 Qu Pi Ta The pressure and temperature measurements made to obtain the data for conversion should be taken immediately downstream of the flowmeter 6 0 SPECIFICATIONS AND OPTIONS Table 1 shows the complete model numbering system for the FTO flowmeters The sections that follow describe the contents of Table 1 in detail The general specifications of the performance of Flow Technology s FTO product line of tangential flowmeters is given in Table 2 Table 3 specifies the flow ranges for Liquid and Gas FTO flowmeters TM 86674 13 TABLE 1 FTO MODEL NUMBERING SYSTEM FTO BASE MODEL I RANGE 1 THROUGH 5 END FITTINGS REFER TO SECTION 6 1 CALIBRATION REFER TO SECTION 6 2
21. d since one can obtain traceability to standards for volume or for time but not for volume per unit time The repeatability of a flowmeter is its ability to reproduce a given signal output or K factor under identical conditions of flow rate temperature viscosity pressure and other fluid parameters If the flowmeter is used with liquids having viscosities greater than 3 0 centistokes the K factor will change This effect is sometimes referred to as viscosity shift Note that the higher viscosity of the fluid the greater the viscosity shift effect The data sheet supplied with this flowmeter gives the actual pulses per gallon measured at various flow rates during the calibration operation The pulses generated by the flowmeter the GPM flow rates and the pulses per gallon are related as follows FLOW in GPM Pulses per second or frequency in Hz x 60 Pulses per gallon Pulses per second GPM x Pulses per gallon or frequency in Hz 60 MASS FLOW in pounds per hour PPH is a function of the specific gravity PPH Pulses per second or frequency in Hz x 3600 x S G x 8 347 Pulses per gallon For reference the approximate relationship between GPM and PPH is PPH GPM x 500 x S G or GPM PPH y 500 x S G TM 86674 11 54 FLOWMETER GAS CHARACTERISTICS When measuring liquids an FTO meter s output is readily related to an absolute standard because the volume of the liquid is essentially independent of its pressur
22. e i e the liquid is considered to be incompressible in the flow regimes normally covered by these flowmeters This simple approach cannot be taken when a flowmeter measures the flow of a gas A gas is by definition compressible It changes its volume with changes in both its temperature and its pressure in accordance with the relationships established by Boyle s Law and Charles Law In order for the actual volume of gas measured by the turbine flowmeter to have useful technical meaning it must be related to an absolute standard an equivalent volume of gas at a mutually agreed upon standard of temperature and pressure The actual measured volume of gas must be compared against its equivalent standard volume of gas The standard conditions of pressure and temperature that are used in the United States of America are Pressure 14 7 pounds per square inch absolute psia Temperature 520 degrees Rankine 60 degrees Fahrenheit For proper conversion an absolute temperature scale must be used In the metric SI system these standards are cubic meters per second at 0 C and 1 atmosphere 760 mm of Hg pressure The actual flow rate of gas passing through the turbine flowmeter is expressed in terms of actual cubic feet per minute ACFM in the English system In the metric SI system the unit is cubic meters per second The equivalent flow rate of the gas at standard conditions of temperature and pressure set forth is in terms of stand
23. equire a high temperature pickoff for high temperature operation Insure that the fluid temperature is not above the operational temperature range of the pickoff Check that the RF is not placed in proximity of the flowmeter where the fluid temperature can affect the RF operation PROBABLE CAUSE Electronic Malfunction Pickoff Defective or Improperly Installed TM 86674 OPERATING CONDITIONS Pickoff is working but the electronic unit does not totalize or perform flow rate indication Open coil OR Broken leads OR Pickoff not bottomed in flowmeter housing 40 CORRECTIVE ACTION Troubleshoot the electronics Perform resistance check on pickoff leads for 3 to 3000 ohms Perform resistance check on pickoff leads for above readings Finger tighten the pickoff in the flowmeter housing and secure with locking nut ZERO OUTPUT continued PROBABLE CAUSE Improper Wiring Locked Rotor Defective Bearings ZERO OUTPUT continued TM 86674 OPERATING CONDITIONS Flowmeter and readout instrument are not connected OR Flowmeter and readout instrument are improperly connected OR Excessive distance from flowmeter to readout instrument OR Broken wires The rotor is locked in one position and will not turn The bearings have worn or corroded and will not permit the rotor to turn 41 CORRECTIVE ACTION Check the wiring to see that the system is
24. inear Figure 6 shows typical deviation curves for various models A Linearizer or Microprocessor must be used if a linear output signal is required However equally accurate flow information can be achieved by monitoring output frequency and using the flowmeter calibration data sheet to obtain corresponding flow rates As the viscosity increases the rangeability is sharply decreased 15 e x OTT O 10 gt gt 5 x 20 Mae E da 30 Z gt lt ai AO ES po 40 50 O 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 OF MAXIMUM FLOW LIQUID NORMAL 10 1 RANGE 1173 Figure 6 Typical Deviation Curves TM 86674 16 TABLE 3 FLOW RANGE LIQUID JEWEL BEARING STD 10 1 RANGE GPM EXTENDED FLOW RANGE GPM RE MAG RE MAG FTO 1___ 002 02 N A FTO 2 008 08 N A FTO 3___ 025 25 04 4 FTO 4 08 8 ES FIOS 5 1 5 CEE FLOW RANGE LIQUID BALL BEARING RE MAG RE MAG FTO 1 002 02 N A STD 10 1 RANGE GPM EXTENDED FLOW RANGE GPM RF MAG RE MAG FTO 4 13 13 15 13 FTO 5 15 15 20 20 TM 86674 17 TABLE 3 CONT D FLOW RANGE GAS JEWEL BEARING STD 10 1 RANGE ACFM EXTENDED FLOW RANGE ACFM RE RE FTO 1 20015 015 FTO 2 0025 025 FTO 3 005 05 FIO4 012 12 FTOS 02 20 FLOW RANGE GAS BALL BEARING STD 10 1 RANGE ACFM EXTENDED FLOW RANGE ACFM RE RE MAG N TM
25. n place 2 Remove the capsule and O ring 4 from the flowmeter housing 3 Insert new O ring 4 against upstream retaining ring 2 4 Insert new capsule 3 and downstream retaining ring 2 CAUTION The orientation of the capsule must be correct for the pickoff to function properly The O ring end of the capsule must be upstream and the dimple on the upstream end must be aligned with the dimple on the upstream end of the housing Refer to Figure 7 TM 86674 26 7 2 2 High Temperature amp Exotic Material Capsule Replacement Refer to Figure 8 1 Remove the retaining ring from the upstream end of the flowmeter housing that holds the capsule assembly in place Zi Remove the capsule O ring On the flanged versions there will be a spacer between the threaded retaining ring and the O ring di Insert the new capsule so that the locator pin fits into the alignment slot Insure that the capsule bottoms out on the step in the housing 4 Insert the new O ring on the flanged housing the spacer and the threaded retaining ring in the housing The capsule is installed from the upstream end of the housing with the capsule being inserted first Work the O ring into the groove using a blunt instrument to avoid damaging the O ring Then install the retaining ring NOTE a machined shoulder in the housing prevents the capsule from being installed from the downstream end The capsule is self aligning A pin in the housing fits
26. ng must be larger than the orifice TM 86674 3 4 2 3 4 2 4 4 2 5 4 2 6 4 2 7 RECOMMENDED SAFETY PROCEDURE If your system is critical to metal parts in the flow stream filtering is recommended downstream of the turbine flowmeter to contain dislodged broken parts Install the meter in the direction of flow as indicated by the arrow on the housing See Figure 2 The connecting plumbing should not impose a bending stress on the meter housing or end connections Sustained over speeding can be detrimental to the rotor bearing As a safeguard check the model number against the General Flowmeter Data Sheet and the flow rate against the system flow rate or the pump capacity Where particles may be present in the fluid a filter should be installed ahead of the flowmeter to extend the service life It is advisable to filter to at least 100 microns 10 microns for the ball bearing configuration The flowmeter should be located upstream of all final control elements and bypass throttling or on off valves It should never be installed so the flowmeter drains completely when flow ceases NOTE Water hammering is a term used during start up introducing fluid into the piping to describe a high velocity flow impact on the turbine rotor This must be avoided to prevent damage to the mechanical parts CAUTION Pressure should be built up gradually at start up to avoid possible damage by over speeding the rotor Any severe wa
27. nstructions for factory repairs 3 0 DESCRIPTION The FTO flowmeter is an in line volumetric flow metering device utilizing a blade rotor to generate flow information The FTO has the ability to measure very low liquid or gas flows under high temperature and pressure conditions with accuracy and reliability A precision orifice within the meter directs all of the measured fluid tangentially See Figure 1 past the underside of a paddle blade rotor The rotor rotates in a plane in line with the fluid s motion in the same manner as an undershot water wheel The rotor is freely suspended and of low mass so it rotates with a speed relative to the velocity of the flowing medium within the meter The pickoff is located externally and adjacent to the rotor The pickoff in conjunction with an amplifier senses the rotation of the rotor and provides an output pulse whose frequency is correlated with the fluid flow rate The sum of the output pulses corresponds to the total volume of the fluid being measured These pulses can be fed into digital totalizers frequency to DC converters or any of the many frequency indicating recording and control devices available within the field TM 86674 1 Figure 1 Tangential Flow TM 86674 2 4 0 INSPECTION AND INSTALLATION 4 1 INSPECTION UPON RECEIPT The FTO flowmeter should be unpacked carefully and inspected to verify that no damage occurred during
28. r Cooled High Temperature 1200 F with coolant ambient temperature and the model number 100 to 200 ohm depending on the ambient temperature and the model 10 to 16 ohms 3 to 5 ohms 10 to 16 ohms PICKOFF OUTPUT LEVEL Average 30 mV peak to peak for frequencies at lowest flow rate within normal 10 1 range No output unless connected to an amplifier A 10 volt pulse at the flowmeter frequency when the amplifier is connected and operating No output unless connected to an amplifier A 10 volt pulse at the flowmeter frequency when the amplifier is connected and operating Electronics must be protected from excessive heat TM 86674 24 FREQUENCY RANGE 10 to 10 KHz depending upon size and calibration of the flowmeter Refer to calibration sheet that accompanies the flowmeter 0 5 to 3500 Hz depending upon size and calibration of the flowmeter Refer to calibration sheet 0 5 to 3500 Hz depending upon size and calibration of the flowmeter Refer to the calibration data sheet 7 0 MAINTENANCE 7 1 ROUTINE MAINTENANCE Maintenance of the FTO consists of periodic inspection to insure that the internal parts have not been fouled or suffered any corrosion Should the assembly be damaged in any fashion it should be returned to the factory for exchange or repair Turbine type flowmeters are precision devices and must be treated as such The freedom with which the rotor is allowed to
29. rior written approval by the Seller all warranties are void Equipment and accessories not manufactured by Seller are warranted only to the extent of and by the original manufacturer s warranty Repair or replacement goods furnished pursuant to the above warranty shall remain under warranty only for the unexpired portion of the original warranty period Should Seller fail to manufacture or deliver goods other than standard products appearing in Seller s catalog Seller s exclusive liability and Buyer s exclusive remedy shall be release of the Buyer from the obligation to pay purchase price therefor THE FORGOING WARRANTIES ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER ORAL WRITTEN EXPRESSED IMPLIED OR STATUTORY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF FITNESS AND MERCHANTABILITY SHALL NOT APPLY SELLER S WARRANTY OBLIGATIONS AND BUYER S REMEDIES THEREUNDER EXCEPT AS TO TITLE ARE SOLELY AND EXCLUSIVELY AS STATED HEREIN IN NO CASE WILL SELLER BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGE The total liability of Seller including its subcontractors on any claim whether in contract tort including negligence whether sole or concurrent or otherwise arising out of or connected with or resulting from the manufacture sales delivery resale repair replacement or use of any goods or the furnishing of any service hereunder shall not exceed the price allocable to the product or service or part thereof which gives rise to the claim
30. rotate is the major contributor to this precision The majority of liquids measured by turbine meters contain impurities which if allowed to remain within the flowmeter after use would form hard or gummy residues When these residues are deposited within the flowmeter the unit s freedom of rotation will be severely degraded Therefore it is highly recommended that whenever possible the turbine meter should be THOROUGHLY FLUSHED with an appropriate solvent immediately after use The solvent should be chemically neutral and HIGHLY VOLATILE so that COMPLETE DRYING can take place soon after the flushing operation Some appropriate solvents would be ethyl alcohol stoddard solvent or trichloroethane CAUTION DO NOT OVERSPEED BEARINGS Care must be taken when flushing the turbine flowmeter not to overspeed or otherwise damage the bearings and rotor assembly TM 86674 25 7 2 REPAIRS The FTO repairs are generally limited to the replacement of the capsule assembly The complete capsule must be removed and replaced as described in Section 7 2 1 and 7 2 2 The capsule malfunction may be replaced with a new one and or returned to the factory for repair When ordering parts it is necessary to provide the complete model number and serial number of the flowmeter 7 2 1 Standard Capsule Replacement Refer to Figure 9 1 Remove the retaining ring 2 from the downstream end of the flowmeter housing that holds the capsule assembly i
31. rter studs that pass through only one of the meter flanges and one of the connecting pipe flanges Figure 2 Dimensions Flanged TM 86674 5 4 2 8 2 Internal MS 1 2 Inch Refer to Figure 3 When a flowmeter is equipped for MS fittings the inlet and outlet ports have 3 4 16 UNJF 3B threads MS33649 08 The mated fitting must have 3 4 16 UNJF 3A threads and a sealing O ring size MS29512 8 must be used 4 2 8 3 Internal NPT 1 2 Inch Refer to Figure 3 The FTO is also available with Internal NPT threads size 1 2 14 NPT Figure 3 FTO Dimensions MS or NPT TM 86674 6 4 3 ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS The standard pickoff connector is an AN two contact type MS3102A 10SL 4P with the mating connector NPT and Pigtail configurations are also available 4 3 1 4 3 2 44 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 6 The connecting cable between the flowmeter and the electronic display instrument should be two conductor 22 AWG shielded twisted cable with vinyl jacket Belden 8761 or equivalent The cable should not be installed in a conduit or tray containing power lines nor close to strong electromagnetic sources such as electric lines electric motors transformers welding machines or high voltage lines These sources may induce transient electrical noise in the coil and cause false pulse signals The shield of the cable is to be grounded at only one point in accordance with the instruction of the display instrument
32. shipment Make certain that the flowmeter internal parts are clean and free from packing materials or debris CAUTION A flowmeter is a precision instrument and may be damaged if a high pressure air hose used for cleaning the meter or for checking the rotation of the rotor 42 INSTALLATION 4 2 1 The FTO flowmeter is normally mounted with the rotor shaft in a horizontal position and the pickoff vertical Two exceptions to this recommendation are 1 If it is specifically noted otherwise on the flowmeter calibration data sheet The flowmeter must be calibrated in the attitude that it is to be mounted to provide accurate measurement throughout the calibrated flow range 2 2 If the flowmeter is used to measure low flow rates of less than 0 1 GPM All FTO 3 and smaller for liquids or 0 1 ACFM All FTO for gases For measuring flow rates below 0 1 using pivot bearings the recommended orientation is to rotate the flowmeter so that the pickoff is horizontal and the nomenclature is up This position reduces drag by placing the load of the rotor on a single pivot 4 2 2 Inlet and outlet are indicated on the housing by observing the flow direction arrow The design of the Omniflo makes it quite insensitive to upstream or downstream fluid flow disturbances therefore it is not necessary to be concerned about the length of straight line run either upstream or downstream of the flowmeter However the inside diameter of all connecting plumbi
33. ter hammering from improper start up or flow surges during operation must be avoided to prevent over speeding shaft or rotor blade breakage Care should be taken not to locate the flowmeter or connector cable in close proximity to strong electro magnetic fields such as electric motors transformers sparking devices or high voltage lines These may induce spurious signals in the pickoff coil or cable TM 86674 4 CAUTION Any severe hammering on the flowmeter may result in bearing failure or shaft breakage 4 2 8 The standard inlet and outlet connections are one of three options See Specifications optional end fittings and Table 1 Model Numbering System Internal MS Internal NPT or Flange 4 2 8 1 Flange 1 2 Inch ANSI B 16 5 Flange end connections are also available on the FTO turbine flowmeter The standard connections are 1 2 inch 150 pound raised face flanges Other types of flanges and higher ratings are available Consult factory for information The flowmeter dimensions will vary depending on the flange type ratings The dimensions for a flowmeter using 1 2 inch 150 pound flanges are shown in Figure 2 When installing the flanged FTO with 1 2 inch 150 pound flanges studs of sufficient length to pass through both meter flanges must be used because the close proximity of the bolt holes to the weld will not allow the nut to seat flush against the flange On flanges of other sizes it may be allowable to use sho
34. ting specifications Seller makes no other warranties express or implied and specifically makes NO WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Limitation of Liability Seller s obligation under the warranty shall be limited to replacing or repairing at Seller s option the defective goods within twelve 12 months from the date of shipment or eighteen 18 months from the date of shipment for destination outside of the United States provided that Buyer gives Seller proper notice of any defect or failure and satisfactory proof thereof Defective goods must be returned to Seller s plant or to a designated Seller s service center for inspection Buyer will prepay all freight charges to return any products to Seller s plant or other facility designated by Seller Seller will deliver replacements for defective goods to Buyer freight prepaid The watranty on said replacements shall be limited to the unexpired portion of the original warranty Goods returned to Seller for which Seller provides replacement under the above warranty shall become the property of the Seller The limited warranty does not apply to failures caused by mishandling or misapplication Seller s warranty obligations shall not apply to any goods that a are normally consumed in operation or b have a normal life inherently shorter than the watranty period stated herein ii In the event that goods are altered or repaired by the Buyer without p
35. tly being sought Staking adhesives can be tailored to corrosion resistance requirements at lower temperatures At higher temperatures the staking adhesive becomes more of a performance limiting factor TM 86674 22 6 5 PICKOFFS The following is a listing of some of the pickoffs that are available from Flow Technology Inc Refer to Table 6 for characteristics CODE 1 Modulated Carrier MS Connector 400 F Max 2 Magnetic MS Connector 450 F Max 3 Magnetic Explosion amp Weatherproof 450 F Max 5 Modulated Carrier Explosion amp Weatherproof 400 F Max 6 Magnetic MS Connector 750 F Max 7 Magnetic Explosion amp Weatherproof 750 F Max 8 Modulated Carrier 330 uH 50 KHZ 400 F Max 9 Modulated Carrier MS Connector 5 8 18 Thd 400 F Max U Magnetic MS Connector 400 F Intrinsically Safe FM X Modulated Carrier MS Connector 300 F Intrinsically Safe FM BB Magnetic MS Connector 185 F 2 wire 4 20 mA pulse DD Modulated Carrier MS Connector 185 F 2 wire 4 20 mA pulse Y Modulated Carrier Explosion Proof 400 F Max Z Magnetic Explosion Proof 450 F Max TM 86674 23 TABLE 6 PICKOFF CHARACTERISTICS TYPE OF PICKOFF PICKOFF Magnetic inductive RESISTANCE 2000 to 3000 ohms or Reluctance 450 F depending upon the Magnetic High Temperature Reluctance 750 F Modulated Carrier Modulated Carrier High Temperature 750 F Wate
36. ture 316 17 4 Metal O Ring Threaded Retaining Ring Stepped Housing The high temperature configuration 316 17 4 metal O Ring is available with standard pivot bearings C carbide journal D and ceramic journal G only Ball bearings A and graphite journals E are not suitable for high temperature applications High temperature and corrosive environment is a formidable combination that is rarely encountered and is normally not serviceable by turbine or tangential type flowmeters Corrosion Resistant Hastelloy C Teflon O Ring Threaded Retaining Ring Stepped Housing The corrosion resistant configuration is constructed with Hastelloy C Hastelloy C has been selected because traditionally it has been the most popular material of construction for corrosive environments In addition based on available corrosion resistance charts Hastelloy C is as suitable or in many cases more suitable than other available corrosion resistant materials for the great majority of applications encountered by Flow Technology Inc and is readily available in raw form This configuration is available with graphite journal E and ceramic journal G bearings only Ball bearings A standard pivot bearings C and carbide journal bearings D are not suitable for corrosive environments TM 86674 21 6 4 2 Bearings CODE A 440C Ball Bearings E Standard Pivot Carbide Shaft Jewel Pivots Upstream pivot is spring loaded G Ceramic Journal Ceramic Sh
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