sat-nms Network Management System Software Installation Manual
Contents
1. 10 To do the first configuration of the NAS device configure a computer to be able talking to this address With one of the NMS computers you can do this while the NMS service is stopped bay entering the following commands at an X Term window su password is root ifconfig eth down ifconfig eth0 10 10 10 1 netmask 255 255 255 0 up 2 Now start the web browser and connect to 10 10 10 10 3 Using the web based configuration menu set the following parameters o The IP address for the NAS device o Configure the disks to RAID 1 mirroring mode o Make the NAS device installing one Unix NFS type volume called Public 4 Reboot the NAS device and the NMS computer Rebooting the NAS takes a couple of minutes After this time the NMS computer should be able to connect to the NAS device Now the backed up data must be restored on the NAS device e Enter the following commands at an XTerm window the IP address is an example replace it by the address of the NAS device C 2013 SatService GmbH WWW satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 17 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH mount 192 168 10 112 Public home nas cd home nas tar xpf home backup nas tar cd umount home nas Restoring the data takes a few minutes After you have unmounted the NAS device again you can start the NMS service using the nms start command or the analogous start menu entry Network configuration For a redundant NMS comp2. 110 192 168 10 111 resp in this example The other Ethernet interface is configured at both computers to have the same IP address and even the same Ethernet MAC address Only the active server has this interface up the backup server has this interface disabled Client computers running the NMS user interface always see the NMS server at the same address 192 168 10 107 regardless of which computer actually is running During a server swap the system performs the following steps The active server stops the NMS service The active server disables it s eth1 Ethernet interface The active server disconnects from the NAS device The backup server connects to the NAS device The backup server enables it s eth1 Ethernet interface The backup server starts the NMS service SU PWN Depending on the number of VLCs controlled by the NMS this takes 30 to 120 seconds During the swap an operator has to switch the connections to the modems terminal adapters from the active server to the backup one The serial interface boards used with the NMS computers provide a dispatch cable with one common multi pin connector at the PC hence this can be done in some seconds Unlike a single server NMS which automatically starts with power on a redundant NMS server configuration must be started C 2013 SatService GmbH www satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 15 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH explicitly by an operator after the
3. Operator entries are printed bold Command m for help n ENTER Command action e extended p primary partition 1 4 p ENTER Partition number 1 4 1 ENTER First cylinder 1 1245 default 1 ENTER Using default value 1 Last cylinder or size or sizeM or sizeK 1 1245 default 1245 2048M ENTER 4 Using the same procedure create the second partition Command m for help n ENER C 2013 SatService GmbH WWW satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 13 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH Command action e extended p primary partition 1 4 p ENTER Partition number 1 4 2 ENTER First cylinder 263 1245 default 263 ENTER Using default value 263 Last cylinder or size or sizeM or sizeK 264 1245 default 1245 128M EIER 5 Make the second partition a swap partition Command m for help t ENTER Partition number 1 4 2 EMER Type 82 ENTER 6 Make the first partition bootable Command m for help a ENTER Partition number 1 4 1 EMER 7 Now check the partition table typing p ENTER This should look like this Start and end cylinders may be different depending on the geometry of you hard disk Disk dev hda 255 heads 63 sectors 1245 cylinders Units cylinders of 16065 512 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System dev hda1 1 262 2104483 83 Linux dev hda2 263 279 136552 82 Linux swap 8 Now exit and save the partition table Type w ENTER C Format th
4. computers are up The procedure is the same as swapping the servers Maintaining a redundant NMS Handling the server swap for the operator is as simple as it could be Simply start the NMS service on that computer where it shall run The NMS computer have been configured to do the swapping sequence as described in the previous chapter automatically Swapping the servers local operation When operating the NMS server locally use the start menu entry of the computer which shall run the NMS service to start it there This automatically stops the service on the other computer Ju NMS user interface TX DI Show process list E Midnight Commander Open root shell n Adminisiralion Start the NM ice on this computer 9 Stop the NMS service on this computer e Monitor the NMS service FW Shutdown computer tJ Reboot computer Remember to change the cable to the telephone modems when you do a server swap You will not be able to connect to any VLC if the modems are connected to the non active NMS computer Another small shell script enables you to test if the NMS service is running on a particular computer Select the Monitor the NMS service start menu entry to get a small window which tells about the state of the NMS service on this computer The display gets updates every two seconds Below you see two examples Every 2st nms stat Tue Aug 13 11 37 05 2002 SERVER B ETH1 interface UP MAS device MOUNTED NMS ser
5. in some way Use T1 for the ttyS1 interface and so on After modifying the file you must be root for this type init q ENTER at the shell prompt to make the init process re read the inittab file letc mgetty mgetty conf The file etc mgetty mgetty conf defines the runtime parameters for the mgetty processes Below an example of an mgetty conf file is given debug 0 port owner uucp port group uucp port mode 0664 port ttySO init chat ATQOE1V1HO OK speed 38400 modem type data login prompt Q login The file consists of a global definition part there usually is nothing to change followed by one section for each mgetty or interface port respectively This example defines parameters for the mgetty running a ttySO The settings used here are suitable for a standard analog modem With an ISDN terminal adapter you might want to use a higher communication speed and a modified modem initialization string as well Chapter Mixed communication technologies contains an example for this application To add a modem duplicate the lines starting at port ttySO to the bottom change the port name at the copy and modify the parameters of the new port definition to your needs home nms modems The file home nms modems tells the NMS server application which modem lines are available for inbound and outbound traffic It is read when the NMS server application starts so you have to stop and start again the server after you changes t
6. of the goup DISTRIB Data Backup amp Restore The NMS is prepared to do a backup of all individual data stored on the NMS computer either on a regular basis or at an operator s request For this purpose the NMS computer is equipped with a ZIP disk drive Manual backup To do a backup manually insert a ZIP disk into the drive and select System Administration gt Backup to ZIP from the start menu The NMS does the backup and ejects the ZIP disk when the backup has completed The backup process writes one file called backup tgz to the disk each subsequent backup overwrites the old file on the disk Doing the backup manually is the recommended method if you primarily want to backup your configuration files They need to be saved only after they have been changed Once the NMS has been set up the configuration probably will not be changed for a longer time You should do a backup in the following cases e Ifyou changed the configuration of the NMS setup e If something with the Linux configuration e g the networking parameters have been modified e It is also a good idea to back up the configuration before you start to change the NMS configuration If the NMS does not work as expected after the change you have the chance to restore the state before the change If you do manual backups you should use at least two disks Use the disks on a rotating basis you will be able to restore an older state if you backed up the system with some d
7. the Linux system clock in tune with the hardware clock chip built in the computer Setting the clock means setting time and date of the clock chip clktrimd then will tune the system clock accordingly Depending of the amount of time the clock chip was set it takes a few hours or severals days until the system clock is in sync with the clock chip To set the NMS server s clock you need root privileges The procedure is as follows 1 Openan XTerm window 2 Become root type in su ENTER and the root password 3 Type hwelock set date YYYY MM DD HH MM SS Euer 4 Close the window It is recommended to set the NMS clock to UTC rather than to local time Specially NMS systems with nodes located in different time require this as as common standard C 2013 SatService GmbH www satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 12 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH Syncing the clock with a NTP server The NMS server has been prepared to sync it s clock automatically once a week to a NTP reference in the network To activate this option perform the following steps 1 Openan XTerm window 2 Become root type in su ENTER and the root password 3 Type vi usr local bin set clock from ntp server ENTER One of the first lines of the file shows NTP_SERVER 4 Insert the IP address of the NTP server to poll between the double quotes 5 Save the file and close the window The NMS now will set it s clock chip e
8. the file users located in the home directory of the NMS application Please note the leading dot in the file name it makes the file hidden in a directory listing The NMS system administrator logged in as Linux user nms is permitted to modify this file NMS operators cannot change their passwords only the NMS system administrator can do this by modifying the users file The NMS comes with a default user called anonymous in the users file The entry demonstrates the format of the password file 4 sat nms password file name password level anonymous anonymous 150 A user entry of the password file consists of three or four fields separated by semicolons The first field defines the login name the second field the password and the third field defines the privilege level for this user An optional fourth field defines a comma separated list of VLC groups this user may control Omitting this field lest the user control all VLC groups Empty lines and lines beginning with a dash are ignored Example for a more sophisticated users file admin topsecret 150 jack passwdxxx 100 DSNG1 DSNG2 joe passwdyyy 100 DISTRIB The user admin has the privilege level 150 required to configure the NMS and has access to all VLCs in all groups User jack has the standard operator privilegele level 100 he only sees the VLCs in groups DSNG1 and DSNG2 Finally user joe also has privilege level 100 but he only sees VLC
9. unnecessary in many cases Data mirroring is implemented in this way e The NAS device implements a RAID 1 redundant hard disk Data is mirrored by two hard disks If one disk fails no data is lost e Once a day the active computer saves it s Linux configuration data mainly the etc directory and some other files to a file on the NAS device These files are required to reconstruct the computer s settings after a crash recovery procedure Once a day the active computer backs up the complete contents of the NAS device to a file at it s local disk This is an additional assurance in case of a complete damage of the NAS device e g due to surge Due to the fact that only the active NMS computer is able to exchange backup data between the NAS device and it s local hard disk it is recommended to swap the NMS computer on a weekly basis Configuring a redundant NMS A redundant NMS system demands some additional configuration steps during installation While you usually will receive the near hot backup system ready configured from SatService GmbH the configuration steps below will be required if you need to replace a component of the near hot backup NMS due to a hardware failure Setting up the NAS device If for some reason the NAS device has to be replaced the unit must be initialized and configured before it can be used with the NMS The following steps are to do 1 The NAS device initially listens to the invalid IP address 10 10 10
10. user password list for this is contained in a file you have to edit e Backup your data If you do not backup your data it will be lost irretrievably if the computer hardware breaks Checking your mail The Linux operating system of NMS server does a lot of jobs in the background You don t need to care about this If one of these background jobs fails it sends a mail to the nms user If for example you have configured the NMS computer to synchronize it s Clock to a NTP time server in the net this is done by such a background job If the clock sync was not successful because the time server was unreachable you get informed about this with a mail A 20 23 If there is a message for you the mailbox icon left beside the clock contains a letter Click to the mailbox symbol and a simple e mail program starts If you are familiar with another mail program at your desktop computer you quickly will be oriented with this program If there is some unread mail in the mailbox when you comnect with a telnet client to the NMS server you get a short note about new or unread mail when you log in It is principally possible to read the mail during the telnet session However the text based mail reader the program is called mail is quite difficult to use It is recommended to read the system administrator s mail in front of the NMS computer NMS password list The NMS uses it s own password protection system to prevent the system from ac
11. H a modem v1lc0001 Ej s 192 168 100 1 Workplace 1 Workplace 2 NMS server oe 192 168 10 101 192 168 10 102 192 168 10 30 v1c0002 192 168 100 17 modem LAN 132 168 10 0 24 NetPerformer 192 168 100 18 Router LAN 192 168 100 16 28 192 168 10 1 to SatService GmbH via ISDN for remote assistance modem v1c0003 192 168 100 33 The network plan above shows a typical network topology for a NMS system The NMS server and two MS Windows based workplace computers communicates via LAN The subnet 192 168 10 0 24 used here is an example other addresses are possible The NMS server acts as a router to the VLCs which are accessed through non permanent modem links The first VLC occupies a 16 addresses wide subnet 192 168 100 0 28 with 192 168 100 1 being the VLC itself VLC0002 owns the next 16 addresses and so on This addressing scheme is hard coded in the NMS VLC software and can t be changed by the customer Each VLC again acts as a router giving the NMS access to some devices which may be comnected to the VLCs Ethernet port The example above shows a ACT NetPerformer connected to the Ethernet port of VLC0002 A router as 192 168 10 1 connects the LAN to SatService GmbH for remote assistance Selecting the LAN subnet address The NMS server can be configured to work within almost any subnet To avoid interference with addresses which are predefined 192 168 100 0 24 to These subnets are used by VLCs which are con
12. S_OTHER_IP 192 168 10 111 used in scripts to identify who originated the messages NMS_THIS_NAME SERVER A Appendix e A short introduction to vi A short introduction to vi vi is the standard text editor used on Unix systems The M amp C system being based on the Linux operating system uses an enhanced version of vi called vim vi improved The paragraphs below give a short introduction how to use this text editor C 2013 SatService GmbH www satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 18 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH First of all why to use vi vi is known to be difficult to learn as it s concept is different as you might expect There are other text editors available for Linux which are easier to handle The answer is vi turned out to be the only text editor program which works in a satisfying way when used in the Microsoft Windows telnet client If you are going to maintain and configure a sat nms network management system you will find it comfortable even to do configuration jobs from your desk The most important difference between text editors like the notepad known from the MS Windows operating system and vi is the modal behavior of vi This means vi treats keystrokes in a different way depending on it s current mode The two most important modes of vi are the COMMAND mode and the INSERT mode In COMMAND mode each keystroke tells the editor to do something Even plain characters are commands r
13. Tresen ege otorga 7 Modems for inbound connections eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee nn n en n nn 7 Modems for outbound connections uunsssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nn 8 Mixed communication technologies eese eene eene eene nennen nnn enn nn 8 System Administration RR 9 Checking your math 12 3 eiae edea egre iere e dase aee de bebe qae eae ae cea 10 NMS password list oer en pe tei o SERE Eee dant Patet e e Sce dede iP KE AEAEE 10 Data Backup amp Restore eee eo ege ede Tere eom Jae chegueeeveses demande 11 Glock synchtoniz tion ee eene rete ete e de E e aaia R aeaa e saneren na irais n aen 12 Manually setting the Clock s ueteres ren 12 Syncing the clock with a NTP server cccscccecccenecccecececeecececececeececcecececeeeeceesecececeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeees 13 Crash Recovery nie Hr in re ee a eee 13 Near Hot Backup configuration 2 eher Ite eure ce En sun eee tiere ee de tae dede 15 Maintaining redundant NMS aeieeiaii lokped ac tbesecde obse tas shatened Do aae d beer o de a dee shatends Pola doc eene 16 Redundant NMS Data Backup nenn aan lan an 17 Configuring a redundant NMS iere ER 17 A PPE GIR aed se 18 A Short introduction to VI ier E eere eee DREI I ee Hard 18 Commonic om MANS 4 iioc eee t prex ele enl rene uber nents tbeheoegehobecdstoenes
14. ata already corrupted Automatic backup If you must rely on the event log data collected by the NMS e g if you derive some billing data from the times with a carrier on air a daily backup is essential You may configure the NMS to backup your data every day To enable this feature perform the following steps 1 Open an XTerm window 2 Enter su and give the root password root when requested 3 Open the file etc crontab in the editor by typing vi etc crontab C 2013 SatService GmbH www satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 11 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH About 15 lines below the top of the file you find an entry looking like this backup all configuration files 30 4 TOUR root usr local bin backup to floppy Remove the dash in front of the 30 this activates the background job The backup will be done every morning at 4 30 am UTC if the computer s clock is running at UTC Save the file and leave the editor Ed x Now at every evening insert a ZIP disk to the drive The NMS server automatically will do the backup in the following morning By using 7 disks in a rotating way you get a one week backup Data restore Restoring the data stored with the backup facility is as simple as doing the manual backup Perform the following steps 1 Stop the NMS server process Select System Administration Stop NMS service from the start menu for this 2 Insert the ZIP disk
15. ather than they are inserted into the text The advantage of ths COMMAND mode is that you can operate the editor without any special keys arrows or function keys In contrast the INSERT mode lets you enter text but no commands You have to switch between these modes while you are editing a text Early versions of vi really didn t provide any commands while in INSERT mode vim is much more flexible with this e g you may move around the text using the cursor keys even if you are in INSERT mode The vi editor contains a extensive online help manual which you can view from within the editor Type the key followed by h and ENTER The editor splits the window and shows the online help in the upper part Type q to remove the help again e Belp txt For Vim version 5 3 Last modification 1998 Aug 23 VIM main help file k Move around Use the cursor keys or h to go left h m j to go down k to go up 1 to go right J Close this window Use tq lt Enter gt Get out of Vim Use tgal lt Enter gt careful all changes are lost Jump to a subject Position the cursor on a tag between lbars and hit CTRL With the mouse tset mouse a to enable the mouse in xterm or GUI Double click the left mouse button on a tag between lbarsl jump back Type CTRL T or CTRL O Get specific help It is possible to go directly to whatever you want help on bu giving an argument to the help command l helpl It is possible to further specif
16. cidentally or even deliberately being misused The fundamental idea of the password protection system is that each operator has to login with a user name and password to the NMS to be allowed to change parameters A privilege level assigned to each operator defines if he may change some sensitive settings Privilege levels There are two standard privilege levels used by the NMS software 100 The privilege level 100 is used for normal operators With this level an operator is permitted to change all equipment settings but not to modify any configuration parameters 150 The privilege level 150 gives complete access to all settings in the software This is the privilege level of the NMS system administrator The privilege level regulates the write permission of the operator to software parameters or device settings Read only access is permitted to every operator even if he is not logged in With a customer designed a k a task oriented user interface additional privilege levels may defined In such an application specific setup it is possible e g to give a group of operators the permission to work on the receive equipment only while other operators may change the settings of the transmit equipment too C 2013 SatService GmbH www satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 10 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH Password file The list of users together with the password and privilege levels is stored in
17. computer works 2 Installthe Java Runtime Environment on the client computer 3 Installthe NMS client program on the client computer To do the installation you need the following prerequisites 1 You must know the IP address ofthe NMS server you want to connect to 2 You should be familiar with the MS Windows network setup procedures unless the network setup of your computer matches by default 3 You need an Internet access in order to download the Java Runtime Environment from Sun Microsystems Inc If you cannot download the JRE you may request a free copy on CD from SatService GmbH Network link To control the NMS server from another computer you need a working TCP IP network connection to this machine Generally there are three basic scenarios for this The client computer directly connects via Ethernet to the NMS Server he client computer connects to one Ethernet the NMS server to another one Both Ethernets are coupled by some sort of router The client computer connects via modem or ISDN as a RAS client to the network the NMS server is part of Beside this the network setup suitable for your computer depends of the actual settings you need to connect to the other services you are commonly using Hence there is no universally valid rule how to setup the network options for the client computer Typing ping aaa bbb ccc ddd where aaa bbb ccc ddd is the IP address of the NMS server computer at a command pro
18. d which configure the software for your application F Restore the customer specific data Finally remove the rescue CD from the drive and type reboot Eres The NMS server now shuts down and re boots with the X Windows graphical login screen Login as user mnc password mnc and restore the application data from the recent backup ZIP disk Use the procedure described at the last paragraph of the chapter Data Backup amp Restore Near Hot Backup configuration The sat nms network management system is available in a redundant near hot backup configuration The redundant NMS permits to switch between the primary and the backup NMS server in less than two minutes without any loss of data The redundant NMS consists of two server computers which both are continuously running The actually active computer runs the NMS server application the backup computer has the NMS service stopped An external NAS Network Attached Storage disk keeps all NMS relevant data Active NMS Server 192 168 10 107 192 168 10 110 ethi Network Attached 192 168 10 112 Storage RAID 1 Disk disabled modems esaa Server ISDN TAs 192 168 10 111 LAN As shown in the example above both NMS computers are connected with two Ethernet interfaces to the LAN Each computer provides a maintenance interface with a unique IP address The computer is permanently reachable at this IP address 192 168 10
19. e partitions Now you have to create the Linux file systems on the disk partitions Type the following mke2fs dev hda1 mkswap dev hda2 D Copy the Linux system from the CD ROM to the disk Now install the Linux system on the NMS computer The sequence of commands is umask 000 mount dev hdc cdrom mount dev hda1 mnt cd mnt tar xzvpf cdrom linux tgz cd umount mnt Installing this may take some minutes depending on the speed of the computer By using the v flag with tar you see the name of each file which is going to be installed you see that the computer is working not frozen E Boot the installed Linux the first time Now you have to boot the installed Linux system the very first time It is till not yet able to boot by itself so leave the CD in the drive 1 Type reboot EXERT 2 After the computer booted again when it prompts LILO boot enter linux root dev hdal EMER Be aware that the computer at this early stage expects an American keyboard To type the use the key next to the right shift key you will find left beside the backspace key in the top row of the main keyboard block 3 Log onas root password root 4 Type lilo ENTER C 2013 SatService GmbH www satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 14 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH The new Linux installation is now bootable but the M amp C application is not able to run as up to now there are no files installe
20. eaehe pends PER Ere id 19 vi in the MS Windows telnet client esses 20 C 2013 SatService GmbH WWW satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 1 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH Introduction This document describes the installation and configuration of a sat nms network management system It complements the online help user manual of the software While the user manual primarily explains the usage of the software s user interface including aspects of configuration and setup the installation manual contains the following topics The chapter Installation describes how to install the NMS server hardware and how to do a first setup of the NMS In also includes a description how to install the user interface software on a MS Windows based computer Chapter Administration deals with administrative tasks like making backups or maintaining the NMS user list There is a chapter Crash Recovery on it s own which explains step by step how to re install operating system and application software on a NMS computer where the hard disk had to be replaced Version 1 3 2009 04 21 Installation The sat nms NMS server comes with a ready installed Linux operating system and with the NMS application software installed and pre configured However some aspects of the software must be configured to integrate NMS system into the environment where it gets installed 1 Installation cabling As a first step you have to m
21. er gateway in the network the client computer uses e g to access the company internal WAN the NMS server gets configured to use this router as default gateway As this routes any data traffic from the client computer to the router through the NMS computer this should be done with a limited number of client computers only Client Computer IP 192 168 10 123 GW 192 168 10 100 7 onnects to 114 24 10 213 1 NMS Server IP 192 168 10 100 GW 192 168 10 1 WAN Router r IP 192 168 10 1 4 LAN A the client computer the gateway address is set in the TCP IP settings dialog which is available from the system settings window At the NMS server the gateway is defined in the configuration file etc network interfaces as described in chapter Setting the IP address of the NMS server Client installation C 2013 SatService GmbH www satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 4 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH The NMS server computer is able to work as a stand alone system operated at it s keyboard amp screen In many cases however you may want to operate the NMS from another place Any computer running a Microsoft Windows operating system that has a network connection to the NMS server can be configured to to run the NMS user interface The following pages describe how to prepare a computer for this purpose 1 Ensure that the network connection to the NMS
22. hange this definition to meet the board type you have installed 0 7 no board installed 1 Moxa SmartIO C104H installed 2 Moxa SmartIO C164H installed 3 Moxa C320Turbo PCI installed O00 0 4 Save the file Escix ENTER and reboot the NMS computer To use the installed serial interfaces you also have to configure the ports for the usage with modems for inbound or outbound traffic The following chapter gives advice to do this Modem installation The sat nms software uses modems ISDN terminal adapters or other AT modem style communication devices to access it s VLCs These communication devices are connected to serial interfaces at the NMS server computer The number modems used determines the number of online sessions to VLCs which can operated in parallel Tee NMS software strictly separates lines used for outbound traffic an such used for inbound traffic Hence you need at least two modems one to connect to VLCs on an operator s request and one listening for calls from VLCs sending a fault report to the NMS With this minimal layout one operator can work on one VLC at a time NMS configurations with more modems allow several online connections in parallel Beside this configurations using varying communication network technologies e g to access some VLCs via conventional telephone other via ISDN are supported The following chapters describe how to configure the NMS server to recognize additional modem lines Modems f
23. he file 4 defines the list of modem lines used for ppp connections ttySO IN MODEM ttyS1 OUT MODEM The example above shows a home nms modems file defining the simplest possible configuration ttySO is used for inbound traffic ttyS1 for outbound connections Both lines are part of the MODEM group To add a modem to the list simply duplicate a line of the list and change the port name accordingly Unless you configure a setup mixed from analog modems and ISDN adapters use the group MODEM for all lines Modems for outbound connections Modems for outbound connections are much easier to configure They are directly controlled by the NMS service more exactly spoken by a PPP daemon which is invoked by the by the NMS service The only thing to do is to change the home nms modems file defines the list of modem lines used for ppp connections ttySO IN MODEM ttyS1 OUT MODEM To add a modem to the list simply duplicate the OUT line of the list and change the port name accordingly Unless you configure a setup mixed from analog modems and ISDN adapters use the group MODEM for all lines Mixed communication technologies The sat nms NMS software is capable of handling connections based on multiple communication technologies in parallel All communication media for which AT style modems are available can be used Actually analog telephone lines ISDN and GSM are supported You may imagine a network of twenty VLCs ten of
24. in the following java cp satnms jar satnms gui M CFrame aaa bbb ccc ddd Exe Again replace aaa bbb ccc ddd by the IP address of the M amp C system If the NMS client principally works but neither the debug terminal window nor the VLC equipment setup tool can be opened for any VLC this might be a problem of TCP IP routing via multiple gateways Chapter Defining IP addresses and routes explains how routing across gateways must be setup to make these functions work Adding serial interfaces With a minimal configuration the NMS server uses the two standard serial interfaces to connect to telephone modems or ISDN C 2013 SatService GmbH www satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 6 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH terminal adapters one for dial in one for dial out Additional serial interfaces can be installed into the NMS server The NMS server has been prepared to use a PCI serial interface board to serve additional modem lines The supported types of serial interface boards are e Moxa SmartlO C104H 4 ports e Moxa SmartlO C168H 8 ports e Moxa C320Turbo PCI 8 32 ports expandable To configure the NMS computer for the usage of an additional serial interface board do the following steps 1 At an XTerm window type the following commands su password is root vi etc init d serial 2 About ten lines from the top of this file the variable SERIAL BOARD is defined SERIAL BOARD O 3 C
25. mpt should list 4 echoes from the NMS server then the network link to the NMS server works If you are working with a dial up connection you must start this connection before Java runtime environment installation You need the Java Runtime Environment JRE Version 1 4 or newer to be installed on the client computer in order to run the NMS client software You get the JRE from Sun JavaSoft at http java sun com Download the JRE installation file from the URL shown above and install the JRE by double clicking to the icon of the downloaded file When asked by the install program include the files for internationalization i18n even if you intend to use the English language settings only After the installation has finished you may delete the installation fle you downloaded unless you want to save it for later use Installing the program The NMS client program consists of a single file called satnms jar You have to copy this file to the client computer and finally to create a link to start the program The procedure is as follows 1 Use the Windows Explorer to create a new directory called c satnms 2 If you are using a dial up connection to the NMS server start this connection 3 Connect a new network drive e g s to the share aaa bbb ccc ddd public where aaa bbb ccc ddd is to be replaced by the IP address of the NMS server 4 Browse the drive s it contains a file satnms jar 5 Copy the file satnms jar to
26. nes you need to change are below the iface eth inet static line The gateway is the default gateway were packets are routed to which do not match another rule e Ifthere is no router in the network at all remove this line e Ifthe router which is used for remote assistance by SatService GmbH is the only router in the LAN specify it s address here The there are multiple routers in the network specify the address of that one which shall act as default e g for Internet access After you edited the changes save the file 2 Change the etc hosts file The file etc hosts specifies names for a couple of network addresses To make services like the SMB Microsoft Network server run properly it is required that the computer s name which is satnms can be resolved to the address of it s Ethernet interface Logged on as root edit the file etc hosts and search for the file defining the satnms IP address Change the address to the new value To activate the changes save the file and reboot the computer shell command reboot The computer will boot up with it s new network settings Setting the gateways To make a computer in the LAN which acts as a workplace client to the NMS server access a VLC the client computer must have set the NMS server as a gateway for the IP address of the VLC The simplest way do do this is to set the address of the NMS server as the default gateway at the client computer If there is another rout
27. or inbound connections The modems used for inbound connections are tightly integrated to the Linux operating system running on the NMS server For each modem a mgetty daemon process is running in background mgetty waits for a RING message from the modem but also sends an AT initialization command to the modem and checks the reply To change the number of inbound modems three configuration files must be modified or checked First the etc inittab file which launches the mgetty processes then the etc mgetty mgetty conf configuration file which controls the runtime parameters of all mgetty processes Finally in the file home nms modems the modems must be made known to the NMS server software letc inittab The etc inittab file controls the behavior of the Linux operating system at startup It launches a couple of processes which must be running all the time The lines which define the mgetty processes for the modem are at the very end of the file T0 23 respawn sbin mgetty ttyS C 2013 SatService GmbH WWW satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 7 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH This line it s part of the standard inittab file of the NMS computer defines an mgetty for the ttySO interface Additional mgetty processes are defined by duplicating this line and adapting the interface name Please note that the first two characters in the line must be a unique label corresponding with the interface name
28. osition te File buffer commands Quit abandon all changes Exit save changes Edit a file in a separate buffer Step through buffers Find replace commands Goto the next occurrence of pattern N Repeat the last search s pattern text gc Replace each occurrence of pattern in the document with text Ask for confirmation before executing each replace You normally will use the cursor keys at your keyboard for moving in the text rather than typing the commands shown in the table above If however the cursor keys do not work for some reason knowing the command characters may be very helpful vi in the MS Windows telnet client To make the MS Windows telnet client work well with the vi editor you should configure the telnet client as shown below js 1 Telnet orion Pis F3 Verbinden Bearbeiten Terminal tt USES_ETHERNET yes ETHER_ADDR 192 168 2 222 ETHER_SNET 192 140 2 n ETHER_MASK 255 SS gt ETHER_ADDR Terminaloptionen Emulation ETHER_SNET ETHER MASK Lokales Echo C VT 52 Iv Blinkender Cursor vT30D ANS Abbreche n et this to yes IV Cursor als K stchen S ULC to talk with 1 M YT100 Pfeiltasten Schriftarten a SES_SCC no PutfergroBe 24 Hintergrundf abe SCC_ADDR 8 8 8 SCC_SNET 8 8 8 SCC_MASK 255 2 U 8 8 55 255 255 Set this to yes if you have a modem terminal adapter connected to deu t
29. oting steps in the next chapter Command Line Arguments You can add additional command line arguments to the command described in the previous chapter option description u username use given username for automatical login p password use given password for automatical login S suppresses the beeper V enable verbose mode which prints all events to stdout V skip version check at startup Example javaw cp satnms jar satnms gui NMSApp u admin p secret v 192 168 1 1 This starts a client for the NMS at IP address 192 168 1 1 with automatic login as admin with password secret and without version checking Troubleshooting If the client installation does not work as described here a summary how to investigate what went wrong 1 Opena MS DOS shell window 2 Type java EmtER You should see a description of options the java program accepts If you get an error message instead you did not install the JRE program properly 3 Type c ENTER 4 Type cd satnms ENTER If you get an error message here you did not create the c satnms directory 5 Type ping aaa bbb ccc ddd where aaa bbb ccc ddd is the IP address of the M amp C system You should see four echoes from the server one per second If the ping command claims something like timed out you network connection to the M amp C system is not properly set up 6 Finally you can try to start the client program from the command line Type
30. ount the NMS computer into the rack and connect it to the network and to the modems used to access the VLCs 2 Network configuration The NMS will work on it s own without any network link installed To use features like operating the NMS from another computer or remote assistance from SatService GmbH you will however have to connect the NMS to a local area network This manual describes how to do the necessary network parameter settings at the NMS computer 3 Client installation The NMS is able to be remotely operated from any MS Windows or Linux based computer A network link to the NMS server permanent or dial up is the only prerequisite A chapter of this manual instructs how to install the user interface software on a client computer Installation cabling when installing the NMS server hardware you are advised to do the steps in the following order Mount the NMS into the rack Connect monitor keyboard and mouse Connect the network Connect the serial interfaces to the modems Finally connect the mains power UPWNE Network configuration The complete NMS system consisting of the server the VLCs and a couple of client computers is a connected by a TCP IP network If this network shall be integrated into an existing company LAN it is necessary to plan the IP addressing and routing carefully C 2013 SatService GmbH www satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 2 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mb
31. sat nms Network Management System Software Installation Manual Version 1 3 2009 04 21 Copyright SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikatiosnsysteme mbH Hardstrasse 9 D 78256 Steisslingen www satnms com www satservciegmbh de Tel 49 7738 97003 Fax 49 7738 97005 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH Table Of Contents Fable Of C nteits MERE a a A EL a 1 Introduction 1 2 2 3 nn rinnen ete ine dte bu Tee th redete 2 Installations TEE 2 Installation Cabling jo i e ce et A RE e RR Eu 2 Network configuration u a ed need ee eee dt eee de dene t Pe epa e eee dete ee de ode ee teo epe rp eet dona 2 selecting the LAN subnet address ecisoee cm pcena t eee ini ne 3 Setting the IP address of the NMS server sssss II III I II e eI nennen nennen nenne nennen senes 3 Setting the gateways un Here 4 Client installation ete Sibi oes LAY Rinne I E eet bs Dan 4 Network INK 4 1 n enn rn RT stm Run een nee 5 Java runtime environment installation uusuuusnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 5 Installing the program o D DERE tr DRAMA 5 Command Line Atg ments e set ie RE HE qp e Ete lei 6 Troubleshooting io neisiet ere e il sn eio ieu Tap ede ie ta die aod 6 Adding serialanterfaces 2 iiti ttai taedio ta tegit be tuoo ibo Pa Pot LR ge EAEE EE EEE EEEE A 6 Modemrinstallati om jist iors 1 22222 Ra ege ed vo end RENIN e egeo ege el
32. the directory c satnms with a dial up connection this may take some seconds satnms jar is almost 1 MByte You have now the satnms jar file installed locally on you computer Finally you have to create a link in the start menu or on the desktop which starts the program for you The steps below describe how to create a link on the computer s desktop 1 Click the desktop with the right mouse button choose New link C 2013 SatService GmbH www satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 5 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH 2 Enter the following properties for this link Link name NMS Client Program You may replace this name by any other you like Command javaw cp satnms jar satnms gui NMSApp aaa bbb ccc ddd Replace aaa bbb ccc ddd by the NMS server s IP address Pay attention to the case of the letters in satnms gui NMS App the command will not work if you use upper lower case letters other than shown here Working c satnms Directory The command will find the satnms jar file only if you fill in the location of this file here 3 Choose an icon for the link The Windows 98 standard icons contain a satellite dish you may want to use Additional command line switches are described in chapter Command Line Arguments Now the installation of the program is finished You should be able to start the NMS client program by double clicking to the link you installed If not try the trouble sho
33. the list of modem lines used for ppp connections ttySO IN MODEM ttyS1 IN ISDN ttyS11 OUT MODEM ttyS12 OUT ISDN The file also defines that ttySO and ttyS11 are part of the MODEM group while ttyS1 and ttyS12 are part of the ISDN group Now at the properties dialog for each VLC define the modem group which shall be used for this particular VLC If you request to connect to the VLC the NMS software will select the suitable communication line for this VLC vic0016 Example 9 9 Name Group Example DEFAULT PPP IP Address ETH SCC Address Dial Group 192 168 100 241 MODEM Dial Command ES ATD System administration C 2013 SatService GmbH WWW satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 9 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH The sat nms NMS computer in fact is a Linux based server running the NMS process and some other programs in background The NMS Linux has been tuned to require as little as possible administration effort Almost everything you want to do with the NMS server you do at the NMS user interface Anyhow some administrative tasks should be done at the NMS computer They are e Check your mailbox The Linux based NMS server provides a local e mail box where you find messages from the background jobs the computer does If a background process detects some failure it sends a mail to you e Maintain the NMS user list The NMS software uses it s own password protection system The
34. them are connected to conventional telephone lines the other ten use ISDN C 2013 SatService GmbH www satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 8 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH for the communication to the NMS The NMS provides two analog modems and two ISDN terminal adapters for the communication to the VLCS there always must be at least one inbound and one outbound line for each type of communication media Below you find examples for the configuration files for this setup letc inittab The etc inittab defines mgetty processes for the two inbound lines They are connected to ttySO analog modem and ttyS1 ISDN T A T0 23 respawn sbin mgetty ttyS T1 23 respawn sbin mgetty ttyS1 letc mgetty mgetty conf The file etc mgetty mgetty conf defines the runtime parameters for the two mgetty processes Line speeds and modem initialization is different for the two lines debug 0 port owner uucp port group uucp port mode 0664 port ttySO init chat ATQOE1V1HO OK speed 38400 modem type data login prompt Q login port ttySi init chat ATQOE1V1HO OK AT IMSN 9 12345 OK speed 115200 modem type data login prompt Q login hnome nms modems The home nms modems configures the NMS service how to use the modem lines ttySO and ttyS1 are used for inbound traffic ttyS11 and ttyS12 they are on an additional serial interface card are used for outbound traffic defines
35. trolled via telephone modem lines You never 192 168 254 0 24 should use these subnets for your LAN 192 168 1 0 24 and These subnets are used by SatService GmbH If you want to make use ofthe SatService remote 192 168 2 0 24 assistance via ISDN you should not use these subnets for your LAN Setting the IP address of the NMS server The NMS server computer comes with it s IP address set to 192 168 1 100 To change this address to your needs two steps are to be done for redundant NMS systems consisting of two server computers see chapter Redundant NMS systems 1 Change the etc network interfaces file The IP address of the computer s Ethernet interface is defined in the file etc network interfaces You need root privileges to change this definition Below there is an example for this file etc network interfaces configuration file for ifup 8 ifdown 8 4 The loopback interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback The first network card this entry was created during the Debian installation network broadcast and gateway are optional auto ethO iface ethO inet static address 192 168 1 100 C 2013 SatService GmbH www satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 3 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH netmask 255 255 255 0 network 192 168 1 0 broadcast 192 168 1 255 gateway 192 168 1 1 To change the computer s network address login as root and edit the file etc network interfaces The li
36. tyuS8 and you want to use a PSTN line for the ULC NHS INSERT 35 1 27 it is important to have the following parameters set C 2013 SatService GmbH www satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 20 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH No local echo selected e The VT100 ANSI emulation chosen e The buffer size set to 24 lines e VT100 cursor keys enabled With these settings you get most comfortable control about the vi editor in the telnet window Text scrolling works as you expect with a buffer size of 24 lines with the VT100 cursor keys enabled you can move in the text even in INSERT mode The keys Ins Del Pos1 End Pg Up and Pg Dn do not work You should not try to use them as they might insert strange characters in the text instead of doing the function you expect C 2013 SatService GmbH www satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 21 21
37. u the context WHAT PREPEND EXAMPLE lid Normal mode commands nothing thelp x Visual mode commands M thelp v_u Insert mode commands i thelp i Esc backup vleroot etc rc vlc RO help txt RO 1185L 55790C The following chapter lists the most frequently used commands for the vi editor as a reference Common commands The table below lists some frequently used commands for the vi editor Pleas note that allthe commands except must be typed in COMMAND mode This means if the editor is in another mode than the COMMAND mode you have to press the key first Commands starting with a colon are so called ex commands which are entered in the command status line at the bottom of the terminal window As soon as you press the colon character in COMMAND mode the cursor jumps to the bottom line and lets you edit the command Press to complete the command or to retum to COMMAND mode without changing anything Mode changes Leave the INSERT mode revert to COMMAND mode Go to INSERT mode Cursor movements C 2013 SatService GmbH www satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 19 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH Start of line End of line First line of the text Last line ofthe text Start visual mode this marks the block start Yank the marked block into the paste buffer Yank the marked block and delete it from the text Paste the contents of the buffer before the cursor p
38. uter the network configuration is slightly different The computer s first Ethernet interface is used as the maintenance interface and configured as described in chapter Setting the IP address of the NMS server The second the operational interface is controlled by the server swap scripts and activated only while the NMS service is running The configuration parameters for this interface are defined in the file etc nhb conf You need root privileges to change this file Below an example for a nhb conf file The comments in the file should explain the definition sufficiently etc nhb conf configuration file for the sat nms near hot backup facility s IP address of the NAS device containing the NMS application data NMS_NAS_IP 192 168 10 112 The common IP address used by clients to access the currently active NMS server The active NMS server provides this address at eth1 the backup server has eth1 switched off NMS_COMMON_IP 192 168 10 107 Address for the unused interface The non active NMS computer configures it s eth1 interface to this IP address NMS_DUMMY_IP 192 168 10 109 MAC address used for the switched Ethernet interface eth1 Bets choice is to use the address of one of the eth1 Ethernet cards NMS_COMMON_MAC 00 02 B3 B1 AF E1 IP address used by this NMS server at the maintenance interface ethO NMS_THIS_IP 192 168 10 110 IP address used by the other NMS server NM
39. very Monday at 12 00 from this NTP server If this fails a mail is sent to the NMS operator If you want to sync the clock at another time or in other intervals modify the file etc crontab to your needs Crash Recovery The NMS comes with a system recovery CD which enables you to re install the NMS software as well as the underlying Linux operating system on the NMS computer Before you start with the recovery procedure below ensure that the hardware fault which has broken the NMS system is fixed Then the following steps have to be done A Boot the recovery CD Switch on the NMS computer Before the computer tries to boot insert the recovery CD When the screen shows LILO boot hit ENEA The Linux rescue system booting now automatically logs you on as root If you are using a non American keyboard you might use the kmap command to load the appropriate keyboard driver example kmap de PWNP B Partition the hard disk The next step is to partition the hard disk Use the fdisk command to delete all existing partitions on the hard disk then create the new partitions 1 Type fdisk dev hda ENTER to start fdisk 2 Type p EIER to show the partition table of the disk If there are already any partitions of the disk delete them by typing d Enter followed by the partition number You should start with the higher numbers if there is more than one partition 3 Create the first partition Follow transcript below
40. vice RUNNING e NMS server is running Every 2st nms stat Tue Aug 13 11 33 14 2002 SERVER B ETH1 interface DOWN NAS device UNMOUNTED NMS service STOPPED e NMS server is stopped Finally there is a Stop the NMS service on this computer entry in the start menu Normally you don t need this function It has been foreseen for maintenance purposes e g if you want to detach the NAS device Swapping the servers telnet operation You also can do the server swap from any other computer in the network via telnet Some person however must be with the servers to change the serial interface cable to the modems To swap the servers from remote do the following steps C 2013 SatService GmbH www satnms com NMS IM 1307 Page 16 21 SatService Gesellschaft f r Kommunikationssysteme mbH 1 Open a telnet session to the computer which shall take over the NMS service Use the maintenance IP address of this computer 2 Login as nms password nms 3 Type in nms start 4 Close the telnet session Beside the nms start command there also are the commands nms state and nms stop available resembling the start menu entries discussed above nms state called from a telnet client reports the NMS state once rather than providing an auto update display Redundant NMS Data Backup A redundant NMS system mirrors it s data using several methods This renders backups to removable media
41. with the backup data to restore 3 Select System Administration gt Restore from ZIP from the start menu to read the data from the ZIP disk The computer ejects the ZIP disk after it has read the data 4 Re boot the NMS server by selecting System Administration gt Reboot computer The NMS server shuts down and re boots Clock synchronization The NMS server provides a master clock for all VLCs managed by it Every time the NMS connects to a VLC the VLC receives the actual time from the NMS and tunes the local clock a little bit faster or lower in order to get the clocks of NMS and VLC in sync The clock synchronization mechanism used by the NMS never sets the time at the VLC system time with a leap This would be fatal for the VLC software which depends on the system time in many aspects While the NMS VLC time synchronization works mostly by itself the NMS system administrator must take care that the NMS server s clock always is accurate As PC clocks tend to be not very accurate the NMS clock should be checked at least once a week Principally there are two methods to correct the clock 1 Setthe clock manually 2 Read the clock from another computer Without doubt the second method is the more comfortable one It however requires a NTP Network Time Protocol server providing the accurate time visible for the NMS in the network Manually setting the clock The NMS server runs a daemon called clktrimd which keeps
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