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User's Manual TNC 306

1. _ dt Je iva Si het Laas Pot op jl zeae i ae ee Rae eee RAE PARSER SES SERS ES T eae ee E BrE ENAERE Le eee on cd Eg 4 il HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 General Information Machine Operating Modes M Switch On Manual Operation Setup or 9 A Electronic Handwheel s Incremental Jog Traversing the reference points Traversing with the axis direction buttons Handwheel Rotational speed of C axis Miscellaneous functions M Datum setting with probe functions Calibrating effective length Calibrating effective radius Reference surface Position measurement Workpiece midpoint Datum Basic rotation Angular measurement Corner datum Determining corner coordinates Circle center datum Determining the circle radius Touch Si in the datum table 0 D Touch points in Cycle 3 Too Definition Positioning with Manual Data Input Program Run HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Too call C axis Rotational speed of C axis Positioning to entered coordinates Single block Full sequence Interrupting the program run Checking changing Q parameters Background programming Cycle STOP Re approaching the contour Machine Operating Modes CW 2 e ee 11 13 15 16 19 2 21 22 22
2. Program section repeats LBL SET LBL CALL REP with number Jump direction Program run Error message HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Jumping Within a Program Program section repeats An executed program section can be executed again immediately This is called a program loop or program section repeat A label number marks the beginning of the pro gram section which is to be repeated The end of the program section to be repeated is designated by a call LBL CALL with the number of repetitions REP 22 LBL 2 23 LIX 10 FMAX M99 oa section can be repeated up to 65534 24 CALL LBL 2 REP 5 5 A called program section repeat is always exe cuted completely i e until LBL CALL A program jump is therefore only meaningful if it is a return jump In other words the called labe LBL SET must have a smaller block number than the calling block LBL CALL The contro executes the main program along with the associated program section until the label number is called Then the return jump is carried out to the called program label and the program section is repeated The number of remaining repetitions on the dis 22 LBL play is reduced by 1 REP 2 1 After another return jump the program section is 23 L IX 10 repeated a second time FMAX M99 When all programmed repetitions have been per formed display REP 2 0 the main program is 24 CALL LBL 2 resumed REP 5 5 The total number of times a program secti
3. Activating compensation Ending compensation Too call Spindie axis Tool undersize Following electrode Page P18 Tools a Tool call p Tool length compensation becomes effective upon the next movement of the tool axis It can be seen as a single infeed height movement z Tool radius compensation does not become effective until the compensation direction RL or RR is pro grammed in a positioning block B A TOOL CALL block ends the old tool length and too radius compensation and calis the compensation values of the new tool Example TOOL CALL 12 Z U 2 Tool radius compensation is also ended by programming RO in the positioning block If only the electrode undersize is entered with TOOL CALL the compensations remain valid Example TOOL CALL U 2 TOOL Initiate the dialog TOOL NUMBER G Enter the too number i TOOL AXIS X Y Z 4 z Enter the electrode axis e g Z TOOL UNDERSIZE DIAMETER G enter undersize e g 0 5 FOLLOWING ELECTRODE YES NO G no press NO ENT g Programming Modes a z Tool change position Workpiece related change position m Machine related change position Manual tool change Automatic tool change HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Tool Call Tool change To change the tool the electrode must be re tracted in the tool axis and the C axis must be stopped We recommend the insertion of an additional
4. maximum coordinates g MIN can only be entered in absolute dimensions MAX may also be incremental The blank data are stored in the associated machining program and are available after program call Graphic Machining can be simulated in the three main display axes with a fixed tool axis Tool form Machining is correctly displayed with a cylindrical tool in the graphic view The graphic must be interpreted accordingly when using form tools Page i HEIDENHAIN P8 Programming Modes 7 TNC 306 BLK Program Selection FORM sta Blank form definition Example The MIN point has the coordinates XO YO and Z 40 The MAX point has the coordinates X100 Y100 and ZO To define a blank a program must be selected in the Programming and editing operating mode Entering Initiate the dialog the cuboid corner points TOOL AXIS PARALLEL X Y Z 4 Z Enter the electrode axis e g Z MIN DEF BLK FORM MIN CORNER 0 X coordinate 0 Y coordinate 4 0 Z coordinate MAX DEF BLK FORM ORE E o O O x coordinate D 0 Y coordinate 0 Z coordinate Example display 1 BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 40 2 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 Error messages BLK FORM DEFINITION INCORRECT The MIN and MAX points are incorrectly defined or the machining program contains more than one blank definition or the side proportions differ too greatly PGM SECTION CANNOT BE SHOWN Wrong tool axis is progr
5. Page A 13 MOD Functions Traverse range limits Limits The maximum displacements are preset by fixed S e enpeaeeeeaeee ese ee 2aeeae ns eeu eneaaeus software limits The MOD function Limits enables you to specify additional software limits for a safety range within the limits set by the fixed software limits Thus you can for example protect against colli sion when clamping a dividing attachment The displacements are limited on each axis successi vely in both directions based on the machine datum reference marks The position display must be switched to REF before specifying the limit positions of the position display To work without safety limits enter the maximum values 30000 000 or 30000 000 mm for the corresponding axes Effectiveness The entered limits do not account for tool compensations Like the software limit switches they are only effective after you traverse the reference points They are reactivated with the last entered values after a power interruption Oo 3 Determine values To determine the input values switch the xX Traverse to the end positions of position display to REF the axis axes which is are to be limited l Note the appropriate REF displays with signs Continue pressing woo Y until LIMIT appears Enter the limit s Bi Enter value or select the next limit Enter values Select E terminate the input Page HEIDENHAIN A14 General Informat
6. WR HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Erosion Parameter Tables Erosion parameters Electrode polarity The polarity of the electrode must be selected to fit the combination of tool and workpiece material This parameter has an important influence on stock removal and wear rate Positive electrode Q Negative electrode 1 High voltage selector During the pulse on time the generator produces a certain voltage between the electrode and the workpiece before the electrical discharge This voltage corresponds to the high voltage selector Wear rate The wear rate is the ratio of rhaterial volume removal from the electrode Ve electrode wear volume and from the workpiece Vw ex pressed in WR 100 W Programming Modes Page P69 RA SR Page P70 average erosion speed Erosion Parameter Tables Erosion parameters Surface finish If you look at the surface of a contour through a powerful magnifying glass you will see peaks and valleys The difference in height between the highest peaks and the lowest valieys is the maxi mum surface roughness Rmax All peaks and valleys are measured from the mean line of the profile The sum of the points R divided by the number n of all points results in the average for the surface roughness RA Ra Rit R2 Rn n and UNS 2G Rmax 5 The surface finish RA is given in um Stock removal The volume of workpiece material Vw is called t
7. Tool Definition Tool length L Tool length L The tool length is compensated with a single adjustment of the tool axis by the length com pensation Compensation becomes effective after tool call and subsequent movement of the tool axis Compensation ends after a tool is called or with To tool with a length of 0 The correct compensation value for the tool length can be determined on a tool presetter or on the machine if the compensation value is to be determined on the machine then you must first enter the work piece datum Length When the compensation values are determined on the machine the zero tool serves as a reference differences The length differences Z or Z of the other clamped tools to this zero tool are programmed as tool length compensations If a tool is shorter than the zero tool the difference is entered as a negative tool length compensation lf a tool is longer than the zero tool the difference is entered as a positive tool length compensation Preset tools lf a tool presetter is used all tool lengths are already known The effective compensation values cor respond to the tool length and are entered with the correct signs according to a iist HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P 1 Tool Definition Tool radius R Sinking erosion For sinking erosion the actual electrode radius Re equals the tool radius R to be programmed in TOOL DEF The required cavity diameter
8. block in which the axes of the machining plane are likewise backed off The tool moves to a workpiece related position if no additional measures are taken Example L Z 100 FMAX M06 The tool is driven 100 mm over the work surface if the tool length is O or TOOL CALL O was programmed TO reduces the distance to the workpiece danger of collision if a positive length compensation was effective prior to TOOL CALL O Example L Z 100 FMAX M92 see Machine related coordinates M91 M92 The program must be stopped for a manual tool change Therefore enter a program STOP before the TOOL CALL M6 has this stop effect when the control is set accordingly via machine para meters The program is then stopped until the external START button is pressed The tool is changed at a defined change position The control must therefore move the tool to a machine specific change position The program run is not interrupted Programming Modes lt You can use M91 M92 or a PLC positioning to traverse to a machine related tool change position 1 BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 40 2 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 3 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 5 4 TOOL DEF 2 L 2 4 R 3 5 TOOL CALL 0 Z 6 L Z 200 RO FMAX M06 7 TOOL CALL 1 Z U 1 8 L X 25 Y 30 FMAX 9 L Z 2 FMAX M3 Page P19 Feed rate Feed rate override Rapid traverse Rotational speed of the C axis Page P 20 Feed Rate F Rotational Speed of C Axis gt The
9. 130 Y 30 End of arc Arc B L X 10 Y 80 RL M36 1 tangent point semicircle L X 50 Y 80 Start of arc CT X 50 Y 0 End of arc A semicircle with R 40 is formed ArcC L X 10 Y 80 RL M36 1 tangent point quarter circle L X 50 Y 80 Start of arc CT X 80 Y 50 End of arc A quarter circle with R 30 is formed Different tangents Arc A L X 10 Y 80 RL M36 L X 50 Y 80 CT X 90 Y 40 Arc B L X 10 Y 60 RL M36 L X 50 Y 80 CT X 90 Y 40 Arc C L X 50 Y 110 RL M36 L X 50 Y 80 CT X 90 Y 40 Page HEIDENHAIN P F Programming Modes TNC 306 P Polar Coordinates Fundamentals The contro allows you to enter nominal positions in either Cartesian or polar coordinates in polar coordinates the points in a plane are specified by the polar radius PR distance to the pole and the polar angle PA angular direction The pole position is entered with the CC key in Cartesian coordinates based on the workpiece datum Marking Blocks in polar coordinates are marked by a P LP CP etc Angle The angle reference axis 0 axis is the reference X axis in the XY plane axis Y axis in the YZ plane Z axis in the ZX plane The machining plane e g XY plane is deter mined by a tool call The sign of the angle PA can be seen in the adjacent figure Absolute polar Absolute dimensions are based on the current coordinates pole Example LP PR 50 PA 40 Incremental polar A polar coordinate radius entered incrementally co
10. CU re e Erosion ON gap control on Foe Pat M37 _ Erosion OFF gap control off Cs OFF gap control off T TO oe ee Transferring coordinate values from the datum table 0 D to a part program Transferring Q parameter values from a part program to the rong ere table 0 D M89 Vacant Vacant miscellaneous function function eet E AD N Cycle call modal depends on machine parameters in the positioning block Coordinates refer to the scale reference point in the positioning block Coordinates refer to a position defined by the machine manufacturer machine datum e g tool change position M93 Reserved A a CU E A A m Reeves o ded o Mr Taeao O S intersection instead of tangential circle M98 Blockwise end of peth offset O ed Cycle call effective blockwise o e P 1 The direction of rotation is determined by the machine tool builder Program example EDM machining Dialog initiation key Function fae Program number mm inch BLK bens l Blank definition too axis Minimum point Maximum point a Calling the desired erosion parameter table EF Electrode definition Electrode number Electrode length Electrode radius ER Electrode call Electrode number Tool axis e g Z undersize UM Electrode change Retract tool axis length compensated Radius uncompensated electrode change os KS Starting position Approach the workpiece No radius compensation S Move tool ax
11. Editing functions Clearing deleting functions Creating a program Program protection erasure Blank form definition Too definition in part program Tool length L Tool radius R Transferring tool length Entering RL RR Working with radius compensation Radius compensation R R Tool change Input Initiating the dialog Overview of path functions 1D 2D 3D movements Positioning in rapid traverse Sinking Chamfer Example Additional axes Circular interpolation planes Selection guide Arbitrary transitions Tangential transitions Programming Modes 19 MWh y OD 10 12 13 14 16 17 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Programming Modes Programming Modes P Circular Movement Cartesian y5 ta EA Q DS t3 Polar Coordinates 5 4 NS a 2 R 5 ag N Tiv A 2 v CC C CR Corner rounding RND Tangential arc CT Fundamentals Pole Straight line LP Circular path CP Tangential arc CTP Corner rounding RND Helical interpolation CC C Z Circular interpolation CC C C with linear interpolation of the C axis Helical interpolation CC CT Z C with linear interpolation of the C axis nE Contour Approach and Departure Predetermined M Functions Program Jumps BE Jumping Within a Program Program Cails Starting and end position on an arc Small contour stop M97 End of compensation M98 Mac
12. HEIDENHAIN device or software lf the RS 232 C mode EXT is selected the TNC is operating with a standard data interface The interface descriptions of all units and programs must be matched We recommend the following procedure Find the common settings e g data format baud rate Wire the data transfer cable to its connector according to the proper pin layout Connect the data transfer cable Connect the power cable of the peripheral device Switch on power if necessary start the data transfer program on the PC Programming Modes ig Note MP 5010 End of file character MP 5011 Interrupt character MP 5020 Data format Example of value determination MP 5990 Block number Page P 120 External Data Transfer EXD Machine parameters The following description of machine parameters MP 5010 to MP 5020 is only applicable when the data interface is in the EXT mode See chapter General Information section MOD Functions User parameters for instructions for calling user parameters The machine parameter MP 5010 determines the contro character for End of Text ETX for input or output e g MP 5010 3 ETX lf MP 5010 0 no end of file control character will be transmitted Machine parameter MP 5011 defines the control character for End of Transmission EOT e g MP 5011 4 EOT lf MP 5011 0 no interrupt control character will be transmitted MP 5020 defines the data format
13. MOO M02 or with a STOP or CYCL CALL block Constant path speed at corners Genera Information Parameter Input input number values 7210 O gt Control 1 Programming station PLC active 2 Programming station PLC inactive 7230 O gt First dialog language 1 gt Second dialog language English 7240 O gt Inhibited 1 gt Uninhibited 7270 O gt No display 1 Display 7271 O gt Display 1 No display 7272 O gt Display 1 No display 7280 0 Decimal comma n 1 Decimal point 7300 O gt Status display is not cleared 1 Status display ts cleared 7310 Bit O 0 gt European preferred 1 gt American preferred 1 0 gt No rotation 2 gt Coordinate system rotated by 90 Parameter Input Input number values 7410 O gt 3 axes 1 gt in the machining plane 0 gt Programmed stop at MO6 1 No programmed stop at MOG 0 gt No cycle call normal output of M89 at start of block 2 gt Modai cycle call at end of block 0 gt axis stop 4 gt no axis stop 7460 O to 179 999 Page A 17 User Parameters Mon Hardware Function Parameter Input number vaiues Feed rate override 7620 Bit Feed rate override if rapid O 0 gt Override inactive traverse key is pressed in 1 gt Override active operating mode Program run Feed rate override 1 0 gt 2 increments in 2 increments 2 gt 1 increments or 1 increments Feed rate override
14. Permissible tool numbers 1 9999 Tool radius The tool radius must be positive and is used to calculate the radius compensation Tool compensation The compensated axis and the associated positive or negative length compensation can be entered for a maximum of 4 axes X Y Z and C axes Cycle Initiate dialog or EJ definition CYCL DEF 3 TOOL DEF Select cycle TOOL NUMBER eolnumiber Confirm entry TOOL RADIUS R TOOL COMPENSATION fx Select axis a Enter tool compensation value Tool compensation is possible in all 4 axes Conclude block only after values for all compensated axes have been entered Page HEIDENHAIN P78 Programming Modes TNC 306 Coordinate Transformations Cycle 3 Tool definition Description Tools can be defined with the TOOL DEF function or with cycle 3 with tool compensation in up to 4 axes optional Tool number and tool radius input have the same meaning as in the TOOL DEF function it is also possible to compensate the electrode in up to 4 axes This compensation shifts the tool datum by the entered values Example A 5 mm hole is to be eroded at X 50 and Y 50 with the illustrated electrode X compensation 10 Z compensation 5 After tool definition you can then position the tool with a linear block to X 50 and Y 50 and begin erosion Program CYCL DEF 3 0 TOOL DEF CYCL DEF 3 1 T 1 R 0 p CYCL DEF 3 2 X 10 Z 5 Tool TOOL CALL 1 Z U 0 1 defi
15. Position see figure above L X 50 Y 50 Position L4 Chamfer L X 50 Y 0 Position HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P29 Example eroding straight lines Program Page P 30 aE EEE E pea E ge JI ON Un A UN m O DOO NGOO PW N ee Linear Movement Cartesian Example CYCL DEF 1 0 GENERATOR CYCL DEF 1 1 P TAB 1 CYCL DEF 1 2 MAX 10 MIN 10 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R5 TOOL CALL 1 Z U 0 1 L Z 200 RO FMAX M6 L X 10 Y 20 RO FMAX M36 L Z 20 R F80 L X 0 Y 0 RL F200 L X 0 Y 30 RL F400 L X 30 Y 50 RL L X 60 Y 50 RL L2 L X 60 Y 0 RL L X 0 Y 0 RL L X 20 Y 10 RO M37 L Z 200 R FMAX M2 Programming Modes The block numbers are shown in the figure to aid you in following the sequence Tool definition Tool call Tool change Pre position tool is up Plunge at downfeed rate Approach the contour call radius compensation Machine the contour switch on erosion Chamfer block Last block with radius compensation Cancel radius compensation switch off erosion Back off Z return to block 1 HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Linear Movement Cartesian Additional axes Linear axes Linear interpolation can be performed simulta U V W neously with a maximum of 3 axes even when 11 L X 0 IV 0 RR F100 using additional axes 12 L X 100 I V 0 For linear interpolation with an additional linear axis this axis must be programmed with the cor 13 L X 150 IV 70 responding coordinate in every N
16. SCL 1 0 CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM CYCL DEF 7 1 X 0 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 0 L Z 200 FMAX M02 Retract return jump Subprogram The corresponding subprogram see cycle 7 Datum shift is programmed after MO2 Page HEIDENHAIN P90 Programming Modes TNC 306 Other Cycles Cycle 9 Dwell time The cycle In a program which is being run the next block will be executed only after the end of the programmed dwell time Modal conditions such as radius compensation are not affected Activation The dwell cycle is valid immediately upon definition without being called CYCL DEF 9 0 DWELL TIME CYCL DEF 9 1 DWELL 0 500 Effect Dwell time can be used to delay the start or end of aiy erosion process input range The dwell time is specified in seconds Input range O to 30000 s 8 3 hours o CYCL GOTO Cycle initiate the dialog 9 definition CYCL DEF 9 0 DWELL TIME Confirm the selected cycle DWELL TIME IN SECS _ _ Enter desired dwell time in seconds Confirm entry HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P91 Other Cycles Cycle 12 Program call The cycles Machining procedures that you have programmed such as special eroding cycles curve eroding or geometry modules can be created as callable main programs and used like fixed cycles They can be called from any program with a cycle call They can thus help speed up programming and improve safety since you are using proven modules Cycle 12 A callable program define
17. TOOL CALL 1 Z U 0 5 CALL LBL 1 Non rotated execution CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM SHIFT Rotated execution Sequence CYCL DEF 7 1 X 70 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 60 1 Datum shift ae CYCL DEF 10 0 ROTATION 2 Rotation CYCL DEF 10 1 ROT 35 CALL LBL 1 3 Subprogram call CYCL DEF 10 0 ROTATION Reset rotation CYCL DEF 10 1 ROT 0 CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM SHIFT Cancel datum shift f CYCL DEF 7 1 X 0 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 0 Cog L Z 200 FMAX M02 Return jump to first block of the main program Subprogram The associated subprogram see cycle 7 Datum shift is programmed after M02 Page HEIDENHAIN 7 p gg Programming Modes TNC 306 Coordinate Transformations Cycle 11 Scaling The cycle Contours can be enlarged or reduced with this l cycle This permits generation of contours geo metrically similar to an original without repro _ gramming and also use of shrinkage and growth allowances Scaling is effective depending on the specified machine parameters either in the machining plane or in the three main axes see index General Information MOD Functions User parameters Activation Scaling is effective immediately without being called Scaling factors greater than 1 result in magnification factors between O and 1 result in reduction SCL factor The scaling factor SCL scaling is entered to magnify or reduce a contour The control applies this factor to all coordinates and radii either in the machining plane or depending on MP 74
18. and the type of transmission stop 7 or 8 data bits F Q 7 data bits ASCil code with 8 bit parity 1 8 data bits ASCII Code with 8 bit 0 and 9 bit parity wwen o o o Transfer stop due to RTS 2 0 gt inactive 4 active Transfer stop due to DC3 O gt inactive i 8 gt active Character parity even 0 gt even or odd 16 gt odd Character parity required O not required 4 32 aa No No function Number of stop bits C ee 2 stop bits 128 1 stop bit 128 Value to be entered for MP 5020 169 Standard data format 7 data bits ASCII code with 7 bits even parity l Transfer stop due to DC3 1 stop bit Bits 0 7 _ 7 ey e 4 3 27 1 e Significance of bit tg 64 32 16 8j 4j 2 Enter O or 1 accordingly ee a ae ae O After adding the significances you obtain the input value for machine parameter 5020 In our example 168 Block number check for external data transfer 0 Check block numbers 1 Do not check Programming Modes SNE AOR Miscellaneous functions M Miscellaneous functions with predetermined function Function Effective at Reference Begin of End of a Moo Stop program run 0 program run Stop program run or clear the status display return jump to block 1 w a a aaa wos Nenconroed cstonofcos SS YY mos Stop roncorwaled waone SiC moe Gecade change siop pogram vso sorae o rz moe amon SSC Mo9 Pushing of Te re m30 iemo2
19. can access the elements of a list e g two times gap values through a base parameter with the aid gt Q200 of a pointer variable Q201 0 04 0202 0 08 Example Q99 2 pointer parameter Q10 0200 099 base parameter Q222 0 26 Q223 0 3 Q224 0 4 Q225 0 5 gt Q10 lt Q203 gt 0 08 Programming Modes Hig QO to Q89 Vacant Q parameters Q80 to Q84 Datum table 0 D No erosion tables Q90 to Q99 Erosion tables active Q96 to Q255 Q100 to Q107 Eroding with time limit Page P 100 Parametric Programming Q Parameters with special functions You can use parameters Q80 to Q89 in the NC program for calculations i e they can be both read and overwritten Parameters Q80 to Q84 are used together with the M functions M38 reading values from the datum table 0 D and M39 writing values to the datum table 0 D to transfer data between the NC program and the datum table Function Parameter Number of the datum in the datum table O to 99 Q80 X axis coordinate 081 Y axis coordinate Q82 Z axis coordinate Q83 C axis coordinate Q84 lf the contro has no erosion tables the erosion specific Q parameters Q90 to Q99 for generator settings and other erosion functions are determined by the machine tool builder If the control has erosion tables the parameters Q96 to Q255 have the following meanings Function Parameter Additional erosion parameters function determined by t
20. coordinates of the circle center and the circle radius on a clamped work piece with cylindrical surfaces The coordinates of the center can be used as the datum for subse quent machining All nominal positions are then referenced to this point The Basic rotation probing function must be carried out prior to Circle center datum Position the electrode in the pocket with the remote axis direction keys Four different positions are then touched by pressing the machine START button On workpieces with cylindrical outer surfaces the probing directions must be specified for each of the four points Machine Operating Modes Page M 13 ot oP Circle center datum Determining the circle radius Mo bi t G Select the probing function and enter Move the electrode to the first starting position wa aes ne probing direction if required Initiate the dialog CIRCLE CENTER DATUM Electrode travels in the selected direction After touching face the electrode is retracted to the starting position Traverse to the second and third starting positions and probe in different directions as described above Move the electrode to the fourth starting position Xe X Ye Y 7 a me probing direction if required Ma The electrode travels in the selected direction The electrode is retracted to the starting position after touching the side face Display X
21. dia log query TOUCH POINTS OF BASIC ROTATION by pressing the ENT key otherwise NO ENT If only the probing function CORNER DATUM is performed then it does not contain a basic rotation OUCH Initiate the dialog CORNER DATUM Select probing function and enter First side face x Move the electrode to the first starting position Select the probing direction e g Y The electrode travels in the selected direction After touching the side face the electrode is retracted to the starting position Traverse to the second starting position and probe in the same probing direction as described above Second Move the electrode to the third side face starting position a Select the probing direction e g X The electrode travels in the selected direction After touching the side face the electrode is retracted to the starting position Traverse to the fourth starting position and probe in the same probing direction as described above Display corner coordinates Enter the corner coordinates for Setting the DALUM TY X and Y if required e g X 0 Y 0 datum 7 DATUM Y 0 Confirm entries SER l l HEIDENHAIN g 33 Machine Operating Modes TNC 306 gt Circular pocket Outer cylinder HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Setup Circle center datum Determining the circle radius In the probing function Circle center datum the control computes the
22. displayed work with the MAGN key A wire model with a hatched surface appears next to the graphic This marks the sectional plane Selecting the You can select a different sectional plane with the sectional plane horizontal cursor keys i z ka gt Det i ae in GAAN Fg Lo ies marta joe a gt ne k rt has ay y A AS RRS mings A 4 4 A A R eea s w A gt f i Bement st weet rome a il mill ES ari Savy os ne Fi i Trimming You can trim the selected plane or cancel the se ie ny section with the horizontal cursor keys hae Transferring Once the desired detail is displayed select the the detail dialog TRANSFER DETAIL ENT with the vertical cursor keys and confirm with the ENT key Magnification The remaining workpiece is displayed on the SORT screen with MAGN Another graphic simulation of the magnified detail can be executed in the plan view the view in three planes or the 3D view via the START key Page HEIDENHAIN P 114 Programming Modes TNC 306 BLK Tips Displaying details Too call Counting the Machining Time HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Open the table TIMEW with the code number Test Graphics You can revert to the blank with the BLK FORM key and restart simulation with START The 3D view and View in three planes require extensive computing For long programs we therefore recommend displaying the workpiece with
23. executed with rotation and shown rotated in the graphic simulation Measuring angles In addition to basic rotation angle measurements can also be performed on aligned workpieces Carry out the following procedure Execute a basic rotation Display the rotation angle Cancel the basic rotation Page ie HEIDENHAIN M 10 Machine Operating Modes TNC 306 Setup Corner datum Determining corner coordinates vo With the probing function Corner datum the contro computes the coordinates of a corner on the clamped workpiece The computed value can be taken as datum for subsequent machining All nominal positions then refer to this point The probing function Basic rotation should be performed before Corner datum Procedure The electrode touches two side surfaces see figure from two different starting positions per side The corner point P is computed by the control as the intersection of straight line A contact points and with straight line B contact points and After performing If the probing function Corner datum is called a basic rotation after performing a basic rotation straight line A the first side need not be contacted HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Machine Operating Modes M 11 Setup M Corner datum Determining corner coordinates To transfer the direction of the first side face from the routine basic rotation simply respond to the
24. feed rate F i e the traversing speed of the tool in its path is programmed in positioning blocks in mm min or 0 1 inch min The current feed rate is shown in the status display on the lower right of the screen If no feed rate is programmed the feed rate is read from the general user parameter MP 1090 You do not need to enter a feed rate in the NC program The feed rate can be varied within a range of 0 to 150 with the feed rate override on the control operating panel gt The maximum input value rapid traverse on the control for positioning is 29998 mm min or 11 800 10 inch min The maximum operating speeds are set for each axis FMAX or the max input is programmed for rapid traverse The control automatically limits rapid traverse to the permissible values FMAX is only effective blockwise lf the F display is highlighted and the axes do not move this means the feed rate was not enabled at the control interface In this case you must contact your machine manufacturer The rotational speed of the C axis is set in the Q parameter see Parametric Programming Special _ functions If the rotational speed is not programmed via Q parameter or if the corresponding Q parameter is as signed the value O the speed will be taken from the general user parameter MP 2090 This rotational speed programming is only valid however for free rotation of the C axis with the aid of the miscellane ous function M lf
25. for the tangential arc and in the preceding block The tangent is specified by both positions and directly preceding the CT block Therefore the first CT block can appear no earlier than the third block in a program The electrode is to travel a circle connecting tan gentially to and to target point Only is programmed in the CT block Geometry grammed in either Cartesian or polar coordinates WRONG CIRCLE DATA The required minimum 2 positions before the CT block were not programmed ANGLE REFERENCE MISSING Both coordinates of the machining plane are not given in the CT block and the preceding block Cartesian coordinates Besides the arc end point coordinates in the work ing plane a third coordinate can be entered in the tool axis e g C X 20 Y 20 Z 50 or CT X 90 Z 27 1C 20 The tool axis is linearly interpolated with the circu lar interpolation in the working plane This feature enables the tool to move in a helical path for example to approach a contour tangentially in three dimensions Polar coordinates Programming Modes Bg ct Circular Movement Cartesian Tangential arc CT Input CT xX 90 40 Arc endpoint Program biock CT X 90 Y 40 Enter R F and M as for straight lines Input is only necessary to change earlier definitions Examples TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R10 different TOOL CALL 1 Z U 0 5 endpoints Arc A L X 10 Y 80 RL M36 1 tangent point L X 50 Y 80 Start of arc CT X
26. machined at positions and The middle figure shows two independent work pieces Positions and are not connected The electrode must therefore be guided to posi tions and if you program a position with M98 the path off set remains valid until the end of this element and is ended there for this block No intersection is computed and no transi tion arc is generated for the end position so the electrode is always traversed perpendicular to the contour end point The previous compensation is reactivated auto matically tn the following block Position is approached perpendicularly to The contour is thus completely machined at and L X 0 Y 26 RL L X 20 Y 26 L X 20 Y 0 M98 L X 50 Y 0 GOOO L X60 Y26 Stepover milling with infeeds in Z TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R4 5 TOOL CALL 1 Z U 0 5 L X 70 Y 10 Pre positioning RR FMAX L Z 10 M36 Plunge L Y 110 M98 Stepover L Z 20 Second infeed L Y 110 RL Pre positioning L Y 10 M98 Stepover Programming Modes Page P55 M91 M92 Applications Displaying fixed machine coordinates Page P 56 Predetermined M Functions Machine based coordinates M91 M92 Coordinates programmed with M91 and M92 are independent of the manually set workpiece datum Positions programmed with M91 are referenced to the datum of the linear or angle encoders The datum is located at the negative end of the measuring range on linear
27. operating modes 0 ES i Manual operation The axes can be moved either with the electronic Electronic Handwheel Positioning with manual data input MDI Program run Full sequence Singie block Page A8 handwhee or with the machine axis direction buttons The position displays can be set to any desired values datum setting and presetting for machin ing The axes can be moved either via an electronic handwheel or via the machine axis direction buttons It is also possible to position by defined jog increments The axes are positioned paraxially according to the incremental or absolute data keyed in These data are not stored A part program in the memory of the control is executed by the machine After starting via the machine START button the program is automatically executed until the end or a STOP is reached Each block is started separately with the machine START button General Information MANUAL OPERATION RCTL INCREMENT INTERPOLATION JOSGING VALUE cad ACTL X Y Z C POSITIONING MANUAL DATA INPUT Si Oe Ed eC oe re ie dita ba X 28 RCTL Y Z C PROGRAM RUN FULL SEQU BEGIN PGM 1886 BLK FORM 90 1 Y FORM 8 2 TNC 306 HEIDENHAIN Programming and editing External data transfer Test run Note GRAPHICS isuofor 5 HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Graphic simulation of workpiece machining Programming modes Part programs
28. or columns Page HEIDENHAIN P82 Programming Modes TNC 306 Coordinate Transformations Cycle 7 Datum shift Datum points from the datum table O D CYCL GOTO Ea Cycle Initiate dialog or as C selection CYCL DEF 7 DATUM SHIFT Q select cycle input Enter datum number D Confirm entry Example A machining sequence in the form of a subprogram is to be a referenced to the datum X 0 Y 0 and b also referenced to the shifted datum X 40 Y 60 Datum D X Y Z C table 0 0 0 0 0 1 40 60 0 0 END a Program CALL LBL 1 Without datum 3 shift CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM SHIFT CYCL DEF 7 1 1 CALL LBL 1 With datum shift CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM SHIFT CYCL DEF 7 1 0 Cancel datum shift L Z 50 M02 Subprogram j LBL 1 L X 20 Y 20 RO FMAX LZ 2 L Z 5 M36 L X 0 Y 0 RL L Y 20 L X 25 L X 30 Y 15 L Y 0 L X 0 L X 20 Y 20 RO L Z 2 FMAX M37 LBL 0 HEIDENHAIN i Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P83 M functions M38 M39 Q parameters Q80 to 084 Example with M38 Example with M39 Error messages Page P84 Coordinate Transformations Transferring numerical values between the NC program and the datum table 0 D in addition to the datum shift function with values from the datum table O D it is also possible to use the M function M38 to transfer the values located in a datum table to Q parameters in an NC program The M function M39 transfers Q parameters from an NC program to the datum
29. part program Sm Start machining Operating mode Esc Select and wi edit the program Operating mode or ES transfer a program via the RS 232 C V 24 data interface The screen is divided into two halves during parallel operation The program to be edited is shown in the upper half The program currently in process appears in the lower half program number current block number and current status are displayed Operating mode Parallel operating is terminated by pressing the Program run full sequence key aoe Page Machine Operating Modes M 23 Cycle STOP Example Page M 24 ae P Run Cycle STOP The cycle STOP button is built into the machine control panel by the machine tool builder This button interrupts a running erosion program and retracts the electrode by a maximum of 20 program positions back to the beginning of erosion This feature ensures that the electrode returns to its starting position along the same path which led to the point of interruption thereby preventing damage to the workpiece or the electrode 10 L X 50 Y 50 Z 2 Positioning to start erosion 11 L Z 5 F100 M36 First erosion step sinking 12 L C 10 Second erosion step rotating the C axis 13 L IX 15 Third erosion step eroding in the X direction R 14 L IZ 8 Fourth erosion step sinking if you press the cycle STOP button during block 14 the control will return the electrode to block 10 by retracing its p
30. retract in the machining plane to cancel the radius compensation Then back off the tool axis separately R Programming Modes Pi 5 tlectrode Path Compensation Radius compensation R R initiating By pressing R or R you can lengthen or the dialog shorten a single axis displacement by the elec B A x trode radius pii This simplifies positioning with manual data input single axis machining The input dialog may be initiated directly via the corresponding yellow axis key R Effect This radius compensation has the following effect e The displacement is shortened by the elec trode radius display R i 3 The electrode traverses to the programmed nominal position display Ro The displacement is lengthened by the elec trode radius display R R R do not affect the tool axis Example The electrode is to traverse from initial position X Q to X 46 electrode radius Initiate the dialog x POSITION VALUE 4 6 TOOL RADIUS COMP R R NO COMP TH Ea Display X 46 R Mixing Uncompensated blocks e g L X 20 RO and single axis blocks e g X 20 RO or X 20 R can be x mixed in a part program and Single axis compensated positioning blocks R R and radius compensated positioning blocks RR RL are not to be entered in succession Correct Incorrect L X 15 Y 20 RO L X 15 Y 20 RR Y 50 RO X 40 R Y 70 RO Y 50 R
31. rotation linear interpolation of the C axis Application The angular orientation of the electrode is very important for eroding circular paths with non cylindrical electrodes The position of the electrode in the circular arc can the followed very exactly with the aid of linear interpolation of the C axis with a circular interpolation in XY input data The coordinates of the main plain XY and the C axis must be entered in polar coordinates after the pole CC has been entered Task Two adjacent slots which describe a quarter circle are to be eroded with the aid of an especially shaped electrode Program TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 50 TOOL CALL 1 Z U 0 5 L X 0 Y 50 RO FMAX Approach starting point CC X 0 Y 0 Set the pole L Z 10 RO M36 _ Sink CP FPA 90 IC 90 Erode the quarter circle DR RO L Z 100 FMAX M37 Retract in the Z direction ass Programming Modes bean ene wi Polar Coordinates Circular interpolation CC CP Z C ZIV with linear interpolation in the C axis Definition Two axes are moved simultaneously such that a circle is described in the main plain XY This movement is combined with a linear interpolation in the Z and C axes this function is not available in the export version TNC 306 E Application With this interpolation it is possible for example to machine lubrication grooves on a helical path using a form electrode Input data The coordinates of the main plane XY of the Z axis and of the C axis
32. ta function Confirm entry som Activate the miscellaneous function Miscellaneous functions with predetermined function Active at block beginning end Free rotation of C axis clockwise Free rotation of C axis counterclockwise Stop free rotation of the C axis Flushing on Flushing off Erosion on Erosion off Transfer values from the datum table to Q parameters Q81 to Q84 Transfer values from Q parameters iii to 084 to datum tables E HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Machine Operating Modes M3 Setup Datum setting with probe functions The TOUCH PROBE function offers considerable benefits when used together with the short circuit test signal One is that the workpiece does not have to be aligned precisely to the machine axes The TNC will determine and compensate misalignment automatically basic rotation Another important benefit is significantly faster and more accurate datum setting Probing The touch probe functions described below can functions be employed in the Manual operation and CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE LENGTH ruc Electronic handwheel operating modes CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE RADIUS Pressing the TOUCH PROBE key calls the menu See O shown here to the right The probing function is CORNER D ATUM lected with the cursor keys and entered with neat CIRCLE CENTER DATUM the ENT key Calibration The effective length of the electrode and the effective rad
33. tasks at hand in the generator cycles the control erther trans mits these parameter values to the generator f LV HV GV T ON as well as AR P and HS or 359 808 Other parameter values are needed for calcula tions 2G and UNS as geometric data e g expansion radius RAD in the disk cycle or to influence the selection of the appropriate power stage WR RA and SR The auxiliary parameters AUX 1 to AUX 6 are defined by the machine tool builder The following parameter descriptions may differ slightly from their functions on your specific machine tool The erosion parameters and their meanings Low Voltage current High Voltage current Gap Voltage Pulse on duration Pulse off duration Servo sensitivity Servo sensitivity r Auto Jump Distance KEE 99 9 n Erosion Time O 999 Arc sensitivity 1 99 Electrode polarity 0 1 0 1 3 High voltage Selector 0 99 WR Wear Rate 0 99 ia Surface finish 0 99 9 i Stock removal 0 999 999 cem min 2G Two times Gap O 9 999 UNS Minimum undersize 0 9 999 Auxiliary parameters AUX 1 to AUX 6 are 0 99 determined by the machine tool builder Programming Modes peake Erosion Parameter Tables N Erosion parameters NR Power stage Each erosion parameter table can store up to 25 power stages The power stages determine the type of machining High power stages are needed for roughing mid ra
34. valid datum which can itself be shifted Refer to the lower figure Cancelling A datum shift is cancelled by entering the datum the shift shift XO YO ZO Only the shifted axes have to be entered CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM SHIFT CYCL DEF 7 1 X 0 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 0 Absolute datum shift Incremental datum shift Page HEIDENHAIN P 80 Programming Modes TNC 306 Coordinate Transformations Cycle 7 Datum shit Datums within the part program Selecting Initiate the dialog B or the cycle CYCL DEF 7 DATUM SHIFT Confirm the selected cycle Entering the value x Select the axis Enter the coordinates of the new datum The datum shift is possible in all 4 axes am When shifting in several axes only confirm entry after entering all the coordinates Example A machining task is to be carried out as a subprogram a referred to the set datum X 0 Y 0 and b additionally referred to the shifted datum X 40 Y 60 CALL LBL 1 Without datum shift CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM SHIFT CYCL DEF 7 1 X 40 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 60 CALL LBL 1 With datum shift CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM SHIFT CYCL DEF 7 1 X 0 Datum shift reset CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 0 L Z 50 FMAX M02 Subprogram LBL 1 L X 10 Y 10 RO FMAX L Z 2 FMAX L Z 5 M36 L X 0 Y 0 RL L Y 20 L X 25 L X 30 Y 15 L Y 0 L X 0 L X 10 Y 10 RO L Z 2 FMAX M37 LBL 0 NCE l Programming Modes igh FS Coordinate Transformations Cycle 7 Datum shift Datum points f
35. 10 see index General Infor mation MOD Functions User parameters in all three axes X Y and Z The factor also affects dimensions in cycles Input range 0 000 001 to 99 999 999 Datum position It is helpful to locate the datum on an edge of the subcontour This way the datum of the coordinate system is retained during a reduction or magnifi cation as long as it is not subsequently moved or if the move is programmed before the scaling factor Activating CYCL DEF 11 0 SCALING scaling CYCL DEF 11 1 SCL 0 8 Cancelling The scaling cycle is cancelled by redefining it with the factor 1 scaling CYCL DEF 11 0 SCALING CYCL DEF 11 1 SCL 1 0 eager Programming Modes l a Coordinate Transformations E3 Cycle 11 Scaling Selecting Initiate the dialog B H 1 E the cycle CYCL DEF 11 0 SCALING Confirm the selected cycle Enter the scaling factor Confirm entry Example A program section subprogram 1 is to be exe cuted one time based on the manually set datum X 0 Y 0 and one time based on X 60 Y 70 with the scaling factor 0 8 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R5 TOOL CALL 1 Z U 0 5 CALL LBL 1 Execution in original size CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM Execution with scaling factor Sequence CYCL DEF 7 1 X 60 1 Shift datum CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 70 PESA SERAN CYCL DEF 11 0 SCALING 2 Define scaling factor CYCL DEF 11 1 SCL 1 0 CALL LBL 1 3 Call subprogram scaling factor effective CYCL DEF 11 0 SCALING Cancel transformations CYCL DEF 11 1
36. 23 24 29 Machine Operating Modes Switch On Traversing the reference points Switch On 1 o Switch power on MEMORY TEST The TNC tests the internal control electronics The display is automatically cleared Delete the message POWER INTERRUPTED The control then tests the EMERGENCY STOP circuit RELAY EXT DC VOLTAGE MISSING switch on the control DC voltage Traverse the axes over the reference points in the displayed sequence MANUAL OPERATION TRAVERSE REFERENCE POINTS Start each axis separately or eee QOe Move the axes with the X AXIS external direction keys Y AXIS The sequence of the axes is determined by 4th AXIS the machine manufacturer Manual operation is now selected automa MANUAL OPERATION ig tically Handwheel The reference points can also be traversed by using the handwheel Encoders The required traversing distance for linear and angle encoders with distance coded reference marks is max 20 mm or 20 If the encoder has only one reference mark it must be traversed after switch on HEIDENHAIN er Page TNC 306 Machine Operating Modes M1 Manual Operation Traversing with the axis direction buttons Handwheel Rotational speed of the C axis The machine axes can be moved and the datum set in the Manual operating mode Jog mode The machine axis moves as long as the corre x sponding external axis direction button is held down Several axes can be driv
37. 401B floppy disk unit and the HEIDENHAIN data transfer software are adjusted to the TNC 306 and are therefore very easy to put into service e Connect power cable of the FE 401B e Connect data transfer cable e Set FE 401B power switch to ON position e Insert floppy disk 3 5 DS DD 1 0M byte into upper disk drive The floppy disk must be formatted and must not be write protected e f necessary select baud rate and V 24 interface mode FE or ME e Installation on PC after purchasing the software e Prepare PC e Connect data transfer cable Switch on PC and start data transfer software If necessary select the baud rate and file path e if necessary select baud rate and RS 232 C interface mode FE 1 via MOD functions Selection READ IN SELECTED PROGRAM Select function and confirm selection In the RS 232 C interface mode FE 1 the external file directory is read in and displayed Select desired file and read in Either read in more files or g terminate data transfer Programming Modes eee D Preparation EXT Adjusting non HEIDENHAIN devices software HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 External Data Transfer Non HEIDENHAIN devices software If you wish to use non HEIDENHAIN devices or software the RS 232 C interface of the TNC must be adjusted to the EXT mode see section MOD Functions chapter General Information Machine parameters 5010 to 5020 are to be adjusted to the non
38. 54 3 Y 21 576 Coordinates of the circle center PR 20 Circle radius Circle center DATUM NUMBER2 X 0 317 The circle center can be stored in the datum DATUM NUMBER2 Y 0 093 table as a datum or in the Tool definition oe DATUM X 0 317 as a compensation vaiue DATUM Y 0 093 COMPENSATION VALUE X 0 317 COMPENSATION VALUE Y 0 093 Select the desired transter function i Enter new value if necessary a Confirm entry The DATUM NUMBER function for transferring the measured value to the datum table is described in the chapter Touch points in the datum table 0 D The CORRECTION VALUE function for transferring the measured value in the TOOL DEF cycle ts de scribed in the chapter Touch points in Cycle 3 Tool Definition Page Machine Operating Modes Roe M14 TNC 306 Setup Touch points in the datum table 0 D Oe In the Manual and Electronic handwheel modes of operation the measured values from the probing functions described below can be transmitted to the datum table 0 D Select datum Initiate dialog number a a 80 Q 8 Select parameter Q80 to define the datum number The current datum number is displayed e g 3 Enter the new datum number and U confirm entry NUCH After selecting the new datum number you can execute the desired probe function PROBE Probe functions The following probe functions provide a menu itern for transferring touch poin
39. 6 Block numbers The block number also called the sequence Sequence number identifies the program block in a part numbers program The control assigns a unique number to L RO FMAX M36 each block Eo o L X 12 Y 60 RO FMAX L X 20 Y 60 RR F40 Words Fach block is composed of ds e g X 20 AE RERE RNDR 5 F20 Address A word is composed of an address letter e g X L X 50 Y 20 RR F40 Values and a value e g 20 CC X 10 Y 80 Abbreviations used above C X 70 Y 51715 DR RR L linear interpolation X Y Z coordinates RO no tool radius compensation F feed rate M miscellaneous function HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P1 The dialog principle Responding to dialog queries Continuing the dialog Skipping dialog queries E Directly terminating a block Entering numerical values u Page P2 Conversational Programming Responding to dialog queries Program input is dialog guided i e the contro requests the required data The corresponding dia log sequence for each program block is started Initiate mie Example with a dialog initiation key e g TOOL DEF the dialog was tool control subsequently requests the too number definition then the tool length etc First dialog E Enter value Errors are displayed in plain language during query appears program input False entries can be corrected D Transfer and immediately while entering the program continue dialog Seco
40. 8 Programming modes 9 Accessories FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit 10 Data transfer software HR 130 HR 330 Electronic Handwheels MOD Functions 12 Position displays 13 Traverse range limits 14 User parameters _ 15 Coordinates Coordinate system l 19 Datum 20 Absolute and incremental coordinates 1 Linear and Angle Encoders 22 HEIDENHAIN G inonma TNC306 jaa General Information Introduction Description The TNC 306 from HEIDENHAIN is a shop floor programmable contouring control with three or four axes for ram type electrical discharge machines It is conceived for the man at the machine featuring conversational programming and excellent graphic simulation of workpiece machining Its background programming feature permits a new program to be created or a program located in the memory to be edited while another program is being executed Besides fixed cycles coordinate transformations and parametric programming the control also includes path functions for spark erosion and edge finder functions for electronic workpiece alignment with the electrode Files part programs erosion tables etc can be output to peripheral devices and read into the control via the RS 232 C data interface allowing programs to be created and stored externally Compatibility This control can execute programs from other HEIDENHAIN controls provided they contain only the functions described in this manual Structure This manual addresses the skilled
41. 9 Flushing off M36 Erosion on gap control active M37 Erosion off gap control active The direction of rotation is determined by the machine tool builder HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P 1 Programmable Stop Dwell Time Stopping Program run can be stopped by one of the following functions program run Restart by pressing the external START button Initiate the dialog sor MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS M Miscellaneous function is desired a Enter the miscellaneous function No miscellaneous function desired H No entry Example 18 STOP M Program run is stopped at block 18 No miscellaneous function M02 M30 Program stop Return to block 1 of the program MOO Program stop MO6 Program stop and tool change Program stops only when set accordingly by machine parameter Dwell time Cycle 9 Dwell time can be used during program run to delay execution of the next block for the pro grammed time period see Other cycles Note mh The program continues running after the dwell time runs out Ae Programming Modes N eee Path Movements Entry The control operator dialog for entering positioning blocks ts illustrated below using the example of a straight line movement N Programs can only be input in PROGRAMMING AND EDITING Select the type of movement e g straight line Operating mode Initiate the dialog Example Enter the end point of movement COORDI
42. A to define the endpoint The radius is defined by the distance from the starting point of the arc to the programmed circle center CC When programming a circle in polar coordinates the angle PA and the rotating direction DR can be entered positively or negatively The angle PA determines the endpoint of the arc lf the angle PA is entered incrementally the sign of the angle and the sign of the rotating direction should be the same In the figure to the right this means that IPA is negative and DR is also nega tive Input range for circle interpolation absolute or incremental 5400 to 5400 An arc with radius 35 and circle center X 50 Y 60 is to be eroded Rotating direction ts clockwise TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R5 TOOL CALL 1 Z U 0 5 CC X 50 Y 60 Coordinates of circle center LP PR 35 PA 210 RL F200 Approach circle circle radius ts 35 mm CP PA 0 DR M36 Circular movement Clockwise In the example a contour radius of 35 mm is obtained from the distance between the POLE and the approach point on the circle Programming Modes HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 CT Polar Coordinates ZP Tangential arc CTP Corner rounding RND Tangential arc The endpoints of tangential arcs may be entered P in polar coordinates to simplify the programming of for example cams Third Cartesian In the connecting circular block CTP a third Car coordinate tesian rotary coordinate in the tool axis can be entered besides t
43. C block This requirement holds even when the coordinate remains unchanged from one block to the next If the additional axis is not specified the control traverses the main axes of the machining plane again Example linear interpolation with X and IV tool axis Z Rotary axes If the additional axis is a rotary axis A B or C A B C axis the control registers the entered value in angular degrees During linear interpolation with one linear and one rotary axis the TNC interprets the programmed feed rate as the path feed rate That is the feed rate is based on the relative speed between the workpiece and the tool Thus for every point on the path the control computes a feed rate for the linear axis F and a feed rate for the angular axis Fw p EAL oo V AL AW _ a F AW v AL AW where F programmed feed rate F linear component of the feed rate axis slides 7 Fw angular component of the feed rate rotary table AL linear axis displacement AW angular axis displacement HEIDENHAIN Page 2 TNC 306 Programming Modes p be Circular Movement Cartesian Circular interpolation planes Main planes Circular arcs can be directly programmed in the main planes XY YZ ZX TOOL CALL The circular interpolation plane is selected by defining the spindle axis in the TOOL CALL block This also allocates the tool compensations The axis printed bold below e g X is identical in its positiv
44. Circular arc CT circle tangential A circular arc is tangentially connected to the preceding contour element Only the endpoint of the arc is programmed Circular arc CR circle per radius The tool is moved on a circular path Program the circle radius and the endpoint of the arc but not the circle center ya Multi axis A maximum of three axes can be programmed for straight lines and a maximum of two axes for circles movements Graphics The examples on the following pages must be supplemented with a uniform BLK FORM if a graphic display is wanted BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 40 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P25 Path Movements 1D 2D 3D movements Movements are referred to depending on the number of simultaneously traversed axes as 1D 2D or 3D movements D dimension Single axis traverse 1D movements lf the electrode is moved relative to the work on a Straight line along the direction of a machine axis this is called single axis positioning or machining Single axis movements can also be programmed without using the gray path function keys Only the radius compensation R R is then available see Radius compensation R R 2D movements Movement in a main plane XY YZ ZX ts called 2D movement Straight lines and circles can be generated in the main planes with 2D movements 3D movements lf the electrode is moved relative to
45. D and the undersize UM equals minimum undersize UNS given in the erosion parameter table result in a radius Ranes UM 2 Contouring For contouring erosion with radius compensation erosion with the actual electrode radius Re can be chosen radius according to the required contour compensation The tool radius R programmed in TOOL DEF results from the actual electrode radius Re and the undersize UM equals minimum undersize UNS given in the erosion parameter table UM R Re Aar Erosion with the In the disk cycle the actual electrode radius Re disk cycle equals the too radius R to be programmed in TOOL DEF Any actual electrode radius Re can be chosen provided that it is greater than the expansion radius RAD to be programmed in the disk cycle Because of the relationship UM _ UNS 2 2 the required disk diameter D the minimum under size UNS given in the erosion parameter table and the expansion radius RAD result in a radius RAD D UM R Re 5 or R Re Da ONS L RAD Page o HEIDENHAIN P12 Programming Modes TNC 306 Tool Definition Transferring tool length Tool lengths can be easily and quickly entered x with the teach in function l i 1 Move the zero tool to the work surface and set the tool axis to zero 2 After exchanging move the tools T or Tz to the work surface L ne 3 Transfer each tool axis display value in this position to the tool length definition This gives
46. DENHAIN TNC 306 5 Selecting further functions Printing a file File protection Formatting floppy disks HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 External Data Transfer Transfer menu Selecting the menu item Further functions calls the additional menu illustrated at right The items are selected as in the main menu i e by moving the highlight with the cursor keys and pressing ENT FURTHER FUNCTIONS OUTPUT ENT PRINT FILE FILE PROTECTION FORMAT DISK If a printer is connected to PRINT interface of the FE 401 or to the parallel interface of a PC with the HEIDENHAIN data transfer software the file selected in the external file directory can be printed Files in the external storage medium can be pro tected from unintentional erasure This file protection can be canceled by pressing NO ENT _FILE PROTECTION YES ENT NO NO ENT 0 D Pl 10 H 3 505 H 2 80 H l 910 E P6 911 E Pl Floppy disks located in the upper disk drive of the FE 401 floppy disk unit can also be formatted from the TNC Programming Modes ig D Preparation FE 401B floppy disk unit HEIDENHAIN data transfer software TNC 306 Example Read in selected program Page P 118 External Data Transfer FE 401B Floppy Disk Unit Data transfer software from HEIDENHAIN Both the FE 401B floppy disk unit and the HEIDENHAIN data transfer software must be prepared ac cording to the operating instructions Both the FE
47. ENHAIN P52 Programming Modes TNC 306 RND Contour Approach and Departure oC on an arc Approach and The TNC enables you to automatically approach departure on and depart from contours on a circular path an arc ANg oe Begin programming with the RND key Approach The electrode traverses from the starting position initially on a straight line and then on a tangen tially connected arc to the programmed contour The starting point can be selected as desired and is approached without radius compensation with RO The straight line positioning block to contour point must contain radius compensation RL or RR Then program a RND block Departure The electrode travels from the last contour point on a tangentially connecting arc and then on a tangentially connecting straight line to the end position The positioning block for should not contain radius compensation 1 e RQ Approach arc The radius R can be substantially less than the departure arc electrode radius It must be small enough to fit between and or and Program L Xs Ys Zs RO ane LX Y RL LX Y RL RND 2 5 RND 2 5 L X Y2 L Xg Yr RO i Z200 Notes A positioning block containing both coordi nates of the machining plane must be pro grammed before and after the RND block Approach on an arc Program a RND block after the first radius compensated position RL RR Departure on an arc Program a RND block aft
48. Fast data image processing or in the quicker Plan view with depth indication first and then switching to the 3D view or the View in three planes The following aids are available if fine details are to be examined Trim the blank and magnify in an additional graphic program run Restrict the blank detail to the section of interest One TOOL CALL must be programmed prior to the first axis movement to designate the tool axis Specifying the tool axis in the BLK FORM definition does not suffice for the graphic program run Both entries for the axis must be the same If the tool axis is not given an error message appears after starting the graphics In the program run full sequence mode the machining time is shown above the status display it is also possible to count time in a timer table ERODING TIME TABLE TIME with the name TIME In this table the pro PONER STAGE JMBER NR 10 grammed power stages and the corresponding machining times per power stage appear in the first and second columns respectively A third column shows the absolute times at which each new power stage begins 963 in the programming and editing mode Then use the CYCL DEF key to insert as many lines as there are power stages in the part program When a new program is started the old values in the table are overwritten Programming Modes pf External Data Transfer Transfer menu Part programs can be read into or out
49. GM 28 MM wing the program call ere END PGM MM Example 1 fad 10 CALL PGM 10 Call with a separate program line Example 2 The program to be called can aiso be specified EYEL with a cycle definition The call then functions like Der a fixed cycle amp 0 TO CYCL DEF 12 0 PGM CALL Call e g via M99 CYCL DEF 12 1 PGM 20 see Other Cycles Cycle 12 HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P63 Standard cycles OEM cycies Selecting a cycle CYCL DEF Defining a cycle Calling a cycle E M99 M89 Coordinate transformations Page P64 Standard Cycles Introduction Overview To facilitate programming frequently recurring machining sequences orbital functions specific Effective Imme erosion functions certain coordinate transforma upon diately tions and other programming aids are pro effective grammed as standard cycles Generator _ J Disk The machine manufacturer can also store his Erosion with time own programs as cycles in the control These limit cycles can be called under the cycle numbers Too definition 68 to 99 Contact the machine manufacturer for Datum shift more information Mirror image a Rotation of coordinate system i Scaling Dwell time Program call After pressing the CYCLE DEF key data for the cycles shown to the right can be entered and also any programmed user cycles can be selected The desired cycle can be selected with the vertical cursor keys o
50. L 3 28 LBL 2 29 FNO Q33 Q0 30 LBL3 31 FN3 Q34 Q30 Q32 32 FN2 Q34 Q22 Q34 33 FNO Q1 Q33 34 FNO Q2 Q34 35 CALL PGM 101 36 FNO Q32 Q13 37 L Z Q31 RO 38 FN9 IF Q33 EQU Q0 GOTO LBL 99 39 FN11 IF Q33 GT Q0 GOTO LBL 40 LBL 99 41 LZ 100 R0 FMAX M37 42 END PGM 102 Tool definition R Re Tool call activation of Q108 Generator definition Depth T of the conical cavity infeed AT Upper diameter D1 Lower diameter D2 Select power stage NR Move to starting point Store Q parameters QO to Q2 for further calculation Form value of depthT Find cos a for further calculations Start value for positioning and set depth Tn also abort criterion Loop beginning Calculate respective depth Th Depth Tn already smaller than final depth T If no jump to marker 3 if Tn is smaller than T set In T For respective depth Tn calculate corresponding diameter Dn Load transfer parameter for program 101 with Tn and Dn Call program 101 Position to erosion depth If depth T is reached end loop lf depth T is not reached continue loop Retract Generator off Programming Modes por Process Input Example Program Q115 to Q118 Page HEIDENHAIN P 108 Programming Modes TNC 306 Programmed Probing Overview The programmable probing function allows you to perform measurements before or during machining For example the surfaces of parts w
51. L 30 The condition is always fulfilled i e an uncon ditional jump is performed EQU equal to NE not equal to GT greater than LT less than HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes TNC 306 FN 14 Error code FN 15 Print FN 16 Indexed data assignment HE IDENHAIN TNC 306 Parametric Programming VA Special functions You can call error messages and dialog texts of the machine manufacturer from the PLC EPROM with FN 14 To call enter the error code number between 0 and 499 The error message terminates program run The program must be restarted after the error has been corrected The messages are allocated as follows Error number Screen display 0 299 ERROR 0 ERROR 299 300 399 PLC ERROR 01 PLC ERROR 99 or dialog determined by the machine tool manufacturer 400 483 DIALOG 1 83 or dialog determined by the machine tool manufacturer 484 499 USER PARAMETER 15 0 or dialog determined by the machine tool manufacturer Example FN 14 ERROR 100 This function outputs current Q parameter values through the RS 232 C serial interface You can also enter numerical values between 0 and 499 instead of Q parameters These values call error messages and dialog texts which are stored in the PLC EPROM and are allocated as with FN 14 You can enter combinations of up to six Q parameters and numerical values Example FN 15 PRINT Q1 20 09 0 017 0330 With indexed data assignment you
52. L X 50 Y 57 RR Page HEIDENHAIN P16 Programming Modes TNC 306 Tool Call Tool call With TOOL CALL a new tool is called up The TOOL values for length L and radius R given in TOOL CALL DEF are compensated depending on the erosion process Process Sinking Disk Contour erosion cycle erosion Radius come e _ Tool axis After the tool number the tool axis must be en tered It defines the working plane the plane for circular movements radius compensation and for the mirroring rotation and scaling cycles Too axis Length Radius compensation oe C axis as tool axis Electrode The electrode undersize UM is entered immedi undersize ately after the tool axis The actual electrode radius Re must always be smaller than the erosion radius by the amount of the erosion gap G and the maximum surface roughness The undersize value UM for contouring erosion and sinking erosion is determined above all by the width of the erosion gap G but also by the maximum surface roughness Rmax only for roughing The undersize UM can be taken from the erosion parameter table It equals the minimum undersize UNS For roughing UM 2G 2 Rmax UNS For finishing UM 2G UNS The undersize value UM for erosion with the disk cycle is determined by the required disk diameter D and the electrode radius Re UM D 2 Re HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P17
53. Modes Jumping Within a Program Program markers labels Labels Labels program markers can be set during programming to mark the beginning of a subprogram or program section repeat These labels can be jumped to during program run e g to execute the appropriate subprogram Setting A label is set with the LBL SET key The labe numbers 1 to 254 can be set only once in a program a label LBL SET Label O Label number 0 always marks the end of a subprogram see Subprogram and is therefore the return jump marker It can thus occur more than once in a program Calling a The dialog is initiated with the LBL CALL key labe number TA With LBL CALL you can CALL l call subprograms create program section repeats Label numbers 1 to 254 can be called as often as desired Do not call label 0 Program section For program section repeats respond to the query REPEAT REP by entering the number of required repeats repetitions Subprograms For subprogram calls respond to this query with the NO ENT key Conditional You can make the call of a program label be dependent on a mathematical condition see Parametric jumps Programming Overview Error messages JUMP TO LABEL 0 NOT PERMITTED This jump CALL LBL O is not allowed LABEL NUMBER ALLOCATED Each label number except LBL O can be allocated set only once in a given program Page HEIDENHAIN P58 Programming Modes TNC 306
54. NATES x Select the axis e g X 1 incremental absolute O Enter numbers with sign Enter further coordinates lf all endpoint coordinates are entered confirm the entry TOOL RADIUS COMP RL RR NO COMP Enter the radius compensation or no radius compensation RO FEED RATE F a Enter the feed rate or press only for FMAX rapid traverse MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M Enter a miscellaneous function if desired Abbreviated Subsequent blocks can be ended immediately with END O e g after entering the corner point input coordinates in these cases the last entries remain valid for non programmed addresses Addresses may be skipped with NO ENT HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P E Path Movements D Initiating the dialog Contour The shape of the workpiece is programmed without considering the tooi You always program as though elements the tool moves regardless of the machine design The programmable contours are composed of the contour elements straight line and circle Using too radius compensation the control computes the tool dependent path for the cutter center along which the tool is guided Contour elements Generating To be able to generate the workpiece contour the the workpiece control must be given the individua contour ele Straight line crver ae He crver ae He contour ments Since each program block specifies the next step the following inform
55. OOL DEF 1 L 0 R9 9 TOOL CALL 1 Z U 4 2 L X 50 Y 50 Z 1 RO FMAX L Z 10 RO M36 CYCL DEF 17 0 DISK CYCL DEF 17 1 Z 0 M CYCL DEF 17 2 RAD 2 MOD 0 L Z 1 RO FMAX M37 L X 20 Y 20 RO FMAX 10 mm depth Tool definition Traverse to Start position Simultaneous erosion to depth 10 mm y and expan sion of the radius by 2mm Retract and terminate erosion Path of electrode program 1 Tool definition Traverse to center of cavity Sink to start position Circular expan sion in the depth Z 10 mm Retract from cavity Path of electrode program 2 Programming Modes eee Erosion Cycles N i Cycle 2 Erosion with time limit 7 Input data Erosion time T Duration of erosion process in minutes Description This cycle is used exclusively in connection with the disk cycle The erosion with time limit cycle is defined before the disk cycle In this cycle the duration of the disk cycle is entered in minutes When the erosion time is over the disk presently being machined is finished see Q parameter Q158 in the section Parametric Programming Cycle Operating mode definition A initiate the dialog EROSION TIME IN MINUTES Confirm entry Page A HEIDENHAIN z P76 Programming Modes TNC 306 Coordinate Transformations Overview The following cycles serve for coordinate transfor mations 3 Tool definition 7 Datum shift 8 Mirror image 10 Rotatio
56. Page General information A15 User Parameters After entering the code number 123 via MOD the following machine parameters and the parameters for the data interface see index Programming Modes External data transfer can be selected and changed Feed rate Function Parameter input number values Feed rate if not specified in the 1090 O to 30000 mm min NC program Positioning speed during flushing 1091 O to 30000 mm min and shor circuit Maximum speed of circular O to 30000 mm min movement during the disk cycle Mode 0 and 4 erosion Mode 0 and 4 free runing Mode 7 and 5 erosion Mode 1 and 5 free runing Mode 2 and 6 erosion Mode 2 and 6 free runing Eroding Function Parameter ps number re Value for the Q parameter 0157 2040 O to 10 if during the tool definition with TOOL DEF the question about the following electrode was answered with no Starting position for re approaching 2050 Oto 2mm the contour after a short circuit or power interruption _ Starting position for re approaching to 2mm the contour after flushing Positioning with free run feed rate ae 1 to a a mm min during erosion l Rotational speed of the C axis if 2090 O to 100 rom M3 M4 was programmed in the NC program Duration of free run signal so that 2110 O to 99 9 s contro can complete an eroding procedure at the end position Arc recognition 2120 x 1 to 99 9 s Constant contouring speed durin
57. Switching off the voitage stops the electrical l zo o o current and the flow of charged particles The discharge channe collapses 7 Molten metal is displaced and vaporized When the discharge channel collapses the im _ plosion hurls the molten material away from the l surface and into the dielectric where it vaporizes 3 8 Electrode particles in the dielectric After discharge particles from the electrodes s remain suspended in the dielectric A small crater remains on the surface of each electrode HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 General Information Control type Traversing possibilities Paraliel operation Graphics Program input input resolution Program memory Tools Contour Program jumps Eroding cycles Coordinate transformations Probing functions Parametric programming Traversing range Traversing speeds Component units Block processing time Contro loop cycle time Data interface Ambient temperature Page A6 TNC 306 Brief description Contouring control for 4 axes with erosion gap control Straight lines in 3 axes Circles in 2 axes Helix Helix with linear interpolation of the C axis not on export version TNC 306E Programming and program execution simultaneously Graphic simulation in the Program run or Test run operating modes In HEIDENHAIN format Max 0 001 mm or 0 0001 inch or 0 001 For 32 files NC programs erosion parameter tables and a
58. ae is ey t E a Ea POON VR POM e Sos PM KEO O POW O CAU gt Toma i T AD 2 ananman WIL e LIE reee mrar A 7 Siena 3 t AME TRE S daanan a Craton Ane nara RaneemardeRe imanna AA vanana Apmomooe mtra ane nee oe eet eee a EF Si OSES OL Chh tananan eA donado inne eee td erence eens Fy 2 Eaaaatianaad 2 dentine Tiia anenee ag WOR i pab c De uF a he oo he Mevag c Mearan OO va r n meo SK uaan sa J e l e d ots A nri ENS bite Race S cheats j Si iinet GMa AA STO SR Sa G HEIDENHAIN User s Manual HEIDENHAIN Conversational Programming UNG SOE August 1993 Screen displays PR 38 39 42 NR OGRAM RUN FULL SEQU 1868 LBL 2 2 Q290 2 2 LV HV GV NOML Eh l 300 25 1 25 T9999 2 UM 8 1988 Status display ACTL Type of position display switchable with MOD further displays NOML DIST LAG see chapter General Information Position coordinates control is started display Datum shift shown as an index on the shifted axis Mirror image shown as an index on the mirrored axis Basic rotation of the coordinate system Scaling Circle center or pole Way To Go distance remaining to be eroded Called too Tool axis Tool undersize Feed rate Miscellaneous function M03 M04 M05 M13 M14 Operati
59. al Jog M17 Positioning with Manual Data Input M19 Program Run M21 Re approaching the Contour M25 Programming Modes Conversational Programming P1 File Management P6 Program Selection P8 Tool Definition P10 Electrode Path Compensation P14 Tool Call P17 Feed Rate F Rotational Speed of C Axis P20 Miscellaneous Functions M P21 Programmable Stop Dwell Time P22 Path Movements P23 Linear Movement Cartesian P27 Circular Movement Cartesian P32 Polar Coordinates P41 Contour Approach and Departure P51 Predetermined M Functions P54 Program Jumps P57 Program Calls P63 Standard Cycles P64 Coordinate Transformations P77 Other Cycles P91 Parameter Programming P93 Programmed Probing an P108 Actual Position Capture P111 Test Graphics P113 Counting the Machining Time P115 External Data Transfer P116 This User s Manual describes software versions 260 03x04 and 260 05x04 Manufacturer s Certificate This device is noise suppressed in accordance with the Federal German regulations 1046 1984 The Federal German postal authorities have been notified of the market introduction of this unit and have been granted permission to test the series for compliance with the regulations If the user incorporates the device into a larger system then the entire system must comply with said regulations General Information A introduction 1 Fundamentals of Spark Erosion 3 Brief description of TNC 306 6 Error messages 7 Machine operating modes
60. ammed HEIDENHAIN ai TNC 306 Programming Modes ag Tool Definition Tool definition in part program Tool If you wish to erode a programmed contour consisting of straight lines and circular arcs taking tool definition length and tool radius into account contouring erosion with radius compensation then you must enter TOOL both length and radius in the tool definition TOOL DEF DEF These data are programmed in the too definition These tool definitions can be defined either individually in each part program or centrally in an arbitrarily named tool program that can be called through a PGM CALL Tool Compensation values always refer to a certain tool designated by a number number Valid tool numbers 1 to 99999999 Tool definition If tools required in a program are defined in that program a program printout will include the specifica in the part tions of the tool dimensions program TOOL Input Initiate the dialog x TOOL NUMBER Enter the tool number Tool number O cannot be programmed under TOOL DEF Tool 0 is internally defined with L 0 and R 0 9 Enter the tool length or the TOOL LENGTH L ia difference to the zero tool TOOL RADIUS R enierthedoolradius Tool definition through cycle 3 The tool definition can also be programmed as standard cycle 3 with tool radius compensation in up to 4 axes see Standard Cycles Page j HEIDENHAIN P10 Programming Modes TNC 306
61. amming Modes HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 RL Contour Approach and Departure starting and end position Selecting the 1 Before beginning contour programming specify the first contour point at which machining with radius contour point compensation is to begin Starting point In the vicinity of the first contour point define an uncompensated starting point that can be approached in rapid traverse and be sure to consider the tool in use The starting point must fulfill the following criteria approachable without collision near the first contour point outside the material the contour will not be damaged when approaching the first contour point Direct approach When working on a circle RND without the TNC approach departure function also check that the elec trode does not distort the contour due to a direction change Starting points Not recommended Surface blemish due to change of Y axis direction Not recommended Suitable Also for end point Optimal Lies on the extension of the compensated path Not recommended Contour damage Not permitted Radius compensation must remain switched off for the starting position RO End points The same prerequisites apply for selecting the uncompensated end point as for the starting point The ideal end point lies on the extension of the last contour element RL Not recommended A burr is left due to change of the X axis direction Sui
62. an only be erased or changed if the erase edit protection is removed beforehand an Move the highlight to program protection and confirm selection 4 Move the highlight to the desired program YES ENT NO NO ENT Activate program protection initiate the dialog PROGRAM PROTECTION HA Cancel program protection l a Return to the file management functions Files that are not protected can be erased Initiate the dialog Move the highlight to erase ERASE PROGRAM program and confirm selection 4 Move the highlight to the desired program ERASE ENT Erase the file E Return to the file management functions Erosion parameter tables placed by the machine tool builder in the EPROM can be shown in a directory Like erosion parameter tables in the RAM these files can be defined in the generator cycle Programming Modes py Program Selection Blank form definition Test graphics A blank form definition must be programmed before the machining program can be simulated graphically Blank For the graphic displays the blank dimensions of the workpiece must be entered at the start of program The blank form must always be programmed as a cuboid aligned with the machine axes Maximum dimensions 14000 mm x 14000 mm x 14000 mm Minimum point The cuboid is defined with the minimum point Maximum point MIN and maximum point MAX points with minimum and
63. and must be positive Q98 SQRT Q12 Q98 SQRT Q70 Sign for Parameters with negative signs can be used in equations operands Q11 5 Q34 E G subtraction can be obtained from an addition and vice versa This also applies for other operations HEIDENHAIN i Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P 95 Basics of trigonometry Defining the trigonometric functions Length of one side FN 6 Sine FN 7 Cosine FN 8 Root sum of squares Page P 96 Parametric Programming Trigonometric functions A circle with radius c ts divided symmetrically into four quadrants to by the two axes X and Y If the radius c forms the angie a with the X axis the two components a and b of the right angled triangle depend upon angle a opposite side _ a ora c sina hypotenuse c sina adjacent side b cos a orb c cosa hypotenuse c sina opposite side a a Se OSS cos a adjacent side b According to the Pythagorean theorem c a b or c Va b A parameter is defined as the sine of an angle whereby the angle can be a number or a para meter unit of measurement of the angle degrees Q44 sin Q11 FN 6 Q44 SIN Qll A parameter is defined as the cosine of an angle whereby the angle can be a number or a para meter unit of measurement of the angle degrees Q81 cos O11 FN 7 Q81 cos Q1 A parameter is computed as the square root of the sum of squares of two nu
64. art of program Page P 109 Programmed Probing Example Measuring length and angle Subprogram 1 28 LBL 1 measure length 29 FN 2 Q1 Q20 Q10 Measured height in parameter Q1 30 LBL 0 Subprogram 2 31 LBL 2 measure angie 32 FN 2 Q34 Q40 Q30 33 FN 2 Q35 Q41 Q31 34 FN 13 Q2 Q34 ANG Q35 35 FN 1 Q2 360 Q2 Measured angle in parameter Q2 36 LBL 0 37 END PGM PROBE MM Page p HEIDENHAIN P110 Programming Modes sf TNC 306 Actual Position Capture Transferring Actual Positions to Program Transfer The actual tool position can be transferred to the actual position machining program with the Transfer actual posi tion key Application In this way you can transfer possibilities positions tool dimensions see Tool Definition or iz or TOOL DEF Process Traverse the tool to the desired position Open a program block e g for a straight line in PROGR AND EDITING the Programming and editing operating mode A a Select the axis from which the actual value is to be transferred 10 L X 18 Z 0 This axis position is transferred by pressing the ET Transfer actual position key ENR 1 869 a Example Y Move the axis or axes via the axis keys L input initiate the dialog COORDINATES x it ee a al i position RADIUS COMP RL RR NO COMP ee radius compensation Enter the feed rate if needed and FEED RATE F a confirm en
65. ath back through blocks 13 12 and 11 Machine Operating Modes ONCE Re approaching the Contour An interrupted erosion program can be restarted in the following manner In the TEST RUN mode select a program number and confirm with ENT Run a program test up to the part program block number before the last executed step The control calculates up to this point and restores the previous status datum shift radius compensation etc lf the axis display is set to NOML the nominal position is shown in the status display You can continue blockwise by pressing the key The M functions M3 M4 M5 M36 and M37 are automatically activated If you wish other M functions to be active you must activate them beforehand in manual mode After switching to the Program run full sequence mode you can resume the program by pressing START The electrode moves to the nominal positions in a fixed sequence first the tool axis then the C axis then the X and Y axes Bechtel Maschinen Betriebsarten ae Programming Modes P Conversational Programming vs File Management Program Selection ae Tool Definition a RE Electrode Path Compensation ES Too Call Feed rate F Rotational Speed of C Axis Miscellaneous Function M Programmable STOP Dwell Time Path Movements Linear Movement Cartesian Circular Movement Cartesian HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 General information Responding to dialog queries
66. ation is required straight line or circle the coordinates of each endpoint or other wo geometrical data such as the circle center and contour radius Path function keys initiating To program a contour element always begin with the dialog one of the gray path function keys The type of movement is then defined for the contour ele ment in question Coordinates Point coordinates can only be input after selecting the path function Incremental To enter the point coordinates incrementally Absolute press the key for incremental inputs a Page 7 HEIDENHAIN P F Programming Modes TNC 306 Path Movements Overview of path functions Straight Straight line L lines The electrode moves in a straight line The endpoint of the straight line must be pro grammed Chamfer A chamfer is inserted between two straight lines Circle center CC also the pole for polar coordinates Used to program the circle center for a circular arc with the C key or to program the pole for polar coordinates CC generates no movement Circles a Circular movement C The electrode is moved in a circular arc Program the endpoint of the arc The circle center must be specified beforehand ia Corner rounding RND An arc with tangential connections is inserted between two contour elements Program the arc radius and in other blocks the contour elements of the corner to be rounded q x Ne
67. atum display Initiate the dialog SURFACE DATUM X X Y Y Z Z C C DATUM NUMBER 1 Z 1 804 DATUM Z 1 804 COMPENSATION VALUE Z 1 804 the section Touch points in the datum table 0 D Select probing function and enter X Z Move to the starting position Select the traversing direction e g Z Move the electrode in negative Z direction The electrode is retracted in rapid traverse to the starting position after touch ing the surface The measured value can be stored in the datum table as a datum or in the Tool definition cycle as a compensation value Select the desired transfer function rn Enter new value if necessary Confirm entry The DATUM NUMBER function for transferring the measured value to the datum table is described in The CORRECTION VALUE function for transferring the measured value in the TOOL DEF cycle is de scribed in the section Touch points in Cycle 3 Tool Definition Machine Operating Modes Page M7 Setup Workpiece midpoint Datum Procedure The Workpiece midpoint Datum function can be used to calculate the workpiece midpoint M after probing two sides and of the workpiece DUC initiate the dialog PROBE WORKPIECE MIDPOINT DATUM E Select probe function and enter xX Move the electrode to the starting position X X Y Y Z Z C CH PE E select the probing directio
68. axis direction keys B If you wish to hold the handwheel unit during use press the enabling switch F on the back of the housing The handwheel direction keys will not function unless the enabling switch is activated In the Electronic handwheel operating mode the machine axes can also be driven with the external axis direction buttons inter Displacement polation in mm factor per turn 20 0 10 0 5 0 2 5 1 25 0 625 0 313 0 156 0 078 0 039 0 020 Ool oN I Mo Bi ND INCREMENT INTERPOLATION FACTOR JOGGING VALUE e ACTL Page Machine Operating Modes M 17 Electronic Handwheel Incremental Jog Operating the Set operating mode and initiate the dialog 5 HR 130 330 4 Select the Interpolation factor dialog Enter the desired interpolation factor INTERPOLATION FACTOR 3 Select the axis INTERPOLATION FACTOR 4 on the control HR 130 or on the handwheel HR 330 The tool can now be moved in a positive or negative Y direction with the electronic hand wheel Jog The machine manufacturer can activate incre positioning mental jog via the integral PLC In this case a tra versing increment can be entered in this operat ing mode _ The axis is moved by the entered increment when you press an external axis button This can be repeated as often as desired Only single axis movements are possible Jog increment e g 2 mm Axis di
69. axis from TOOL CALL in parameter Q109 Tool axis Different machines alternately use the X Y or Z axis as the tool axis On these machines it is helpful when the current tool axis can be requested in the EE program this makes program branching in user cyc es possible Current tool axis Parameter no tool axis called Q109 X axis is called Q109 0 Y axis is called QI0S 1 Z axis is called Q109 2 C axis is called Q109 3 Q110 The value in parameter Q110 specifies the last M function issued for the direction of non controlled rota C axis rotation tion of the C axis on off M function Parameter no M spindle function Q10 1 M03 Q10 0 M04 010 1 MO5 if MO3 was previously issued Q10 2 M05 if MO4 was previously issued QNnO 3 HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P 101 Q111 Flushing on off Q113 mm inch dimensions Parameters for programmable probing function Q115 to Q118 Page P 102 Parametric programming Q Parameters with special functions Parameter Q111 indicates whether the flushing was switched on or off Meaning Parameter M08 flushing switched on ai 1 MO9 flushing switched off Qnw 0 Parameter Q113 indicates whether the NC program at the highest program level in cases of sub programming with PGM CALL contains mm or inch dimensions Meaning Parameter mm dimensions Q113 0 inch dimensions an3 1 Parameters Q115 to Q118 contain the uncompensated position meas
70. be continued by entering a new block number or by pressing the NO ENT key Error lf an error is found the program test is stopped The error is usually located in or before the stopped block An error message is displayed on the screen The program test can be halted with the STOP key and aborted at any time The program is tested block by block With the MOD key you can set the position display to show nominal values NOML to enable you to check the programmed position coordinates l l Page HEIDENHAIN P 112 Programming Modes TNC 306 Fast data image processing Plan view with depth indication View in three planes HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Test Graphics Machining programs can be simulated graphically and tested if a blank has been previously defined BLK FORM More information on the definition of the blank can be found in the section Program Selection Blank form definition After selecting a program the menu shown at the right ts displayed by pressing the GRAPHICS MOD key twice One of the versions of the graphic presentations can be selected with the vertical cursor keys and entered with the ENT key The graphic simulation or internal computation is started with the START key With Fast data image processing only the current block number is displayed on the screen and the internal computing also indicated by an asterisk control is started When the
71. between high surface definition many computations small displacements and efficient machining The program data shown at the right can be kept variable by using the Q parameters Enter a Q parameter instead of a specific number Example for variable positioning instead of L X 20 25 you write L X Q21 The parameter value for Q21 must be computed in the program or be defined before it is called Programs using parameters as jump address e g GOTO LBL Q10 are not to be switched from mm to inches or vice versa because the contents of the Q parameters are also converted during switchover which would result in false jump addresses ASSIGN ADDITION SUBTRACTION MULTIPLICATION DIVISION SQUARE ROOT SINE COSINE ROOT SUM OF SQUARES IF EQUAL JUMP IF UNEQUAL JUMP IF GREATER JUMP IF LESS JUMP ANGLE ERROR CODE PRINT INDEXED DATA ASSIGNMENT Nominal positions L X Q21 Y Q22 Circle data CC X Q1 Y Q2 C X Q10 Y Q20 CT X Q11 Y Q21 RND QI CR X Q21 Y Q22 R Q62 Feed rate F Q10 Tool data TOOL DEF 1 L Q1 R Q2 TOOL CALL Q5 Z U Q6 Conditional jump IF Q10 GT 0 GOTO LBL Q30 Cycle data CYCL DEF 17 DISK AXIS Z Q1 M36 EXPANSION RADIUS Q2 EXPANSION MODE 0 Programming Modes ig Q Parametric Programming Selection Selecting After pressing Q the functions can be selected either with the vertical cursor keys or with GOTO D basic functions the associated function number and ENT D
72. bstantial tool costs input data The helix is programmed in polar coordinates First specify the POLE or circle center CC Angle range Enter the total angle of tool rotation for the polar 7 angle IPA in degrees IPA number of rotations x 360 Maximum angle of rotation 5400 15 com plete rotations Height The total height H 1Z is entered for the tool axis Z at the query Coordinates Calculate the value from the thread pitch and the required number of tool rotations IZ P n IZ total height depth to be entered P pitch n number of threads The total height depth can be entered in absolute or incremental dimensions Thread A complete thread can be programmed quite easily with IZ and IPA the number of threads is then specified with a program section repeat REP Working Rotating Radius direction direction compensation Interna thread right hand left hand Radius The radius compensation depends upon the compensation rotating direction right left type of thread internal external right hand erosion direction positive negative axis see table to the right External Working Rotating Radius thread right hand left hand right hand left hand Page HEIDENHAIN P46 Programming Modes TNC 306 Sep Polar Coordinates Helical interpolation CC CP Z E Input P 1 360 1 Z 2 Endpoint example E Rotating
73. can be entered looked over and altered in the Programming and editing operat PROGR AND EDITING ing mode in the Programming and editing mode of opera tion it is possible to read in and read out pro grams via the RS 232 C V 24 interface l 45 388 Y 2 1 869 Ma 69 538 In the Test run operating mode machining pro l TEST RUN 100 grams are analyzed for logical programming errors e g exceeding the traversing range of the machine redundant programming of axes certain SEGIN PEN 100 geometrical incompatibilities etc 7 BLK FORM 8 1 Y BLK FORM 6 2 Y 108 The programming modes can be used im mediately after switch on There is no need to first pass over the reference marks In the Program run operating modes full se quence and single block as well as in Test run mode you can graphically simulate machining programs via the GRAPHICS keys Display modes e plan view with depth indication view in three planes e 3 D view Page General Information l A9 Accessories FE 401 Hoppy Disk Unit Data Transfer Software FE 401 Part programs which do not have to reside per Fioppy Disk manently in the control memory can be stored PC with Unit with the FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit FE 4 i HEIDENHAIN PEPY Data Transfer The storage medium is a normai 3 1 2 inch dis Unit Software kette capable of storing up to 256 programs and a total of approximately 25 000 prog
74. ceding C block start of arc to the circle center CC Full circles can only be programmed in one block with C With CR the radius can be entered directly CC not required Given Select Approach e g 57 APP Starting point of arc starting point Circle center End point of arc A h ea VY pproac Starting point of arc staring pelt Radius end point CR of arc Page P33 Programming Modes RND cT 2 Circular Movement Cartesian A 3d Selection guide Tangential transitions Tangential The RND and CT functions automatically pro transitions duce a tangential soft entry into the arc Departure from the arc is also tangential with RND and arbitrary with CT The direction of movement when entering the circle thus also determines the shape of the arc Direction The direction of rotation need therefore not be of rotation given Center The circle center is not required for either function RND The RND rounding is inserted between two contour elements which can be either straight lines or arcs Program the corner point that is not approached and directly thereafter a separate rounding block RND with the rounding radius R Entry and departure from the rounding is neces sarily tangential and is automatically computed by the control CT With CT only the arc endpoint is to be programmed Selecting Given Select Point e g ap
75. ction The following probe functions provide a menu item for transferring touch points to Cycle 3 Tool definition Datum plane position finding Workpiece center datum Circle center datum _If you attempt to probe without having defined the tool in Cycle 3 or without a too call the control displays the error message TOOL DEF MISSING HEIDENHAIN Machine Operating Modes TNC 306 Versions interpolation factor Operating the HR 130 Operating the HR 330 HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Electronic Handwheel Incremental Jog The contro is usually equipped with an electronic handwheel It can be used for example to set up the machine There are two versions of the electronic hand wheel HR 130 to be incorporated into machine operating panel HR 330 portable version with axis selection keys A axis direction keys B rapid traverse key C EMERGENCY STOP button D The displacement per handwheel turn is deter mined by the interpolation factor see table to the right The handwheel is switched to the required machine axis with the axis keys of the control The axis is selected on the handwheel The axis to be driven by the electronic handwheel is highlighted in the screen display The HR 330 is to be attached by its magnetic holding pads E to the machine tool such that unintentional activation is not possible When pulling the handwheel from the machine be careful not to press the
76. current block and can be placed on the program word to be changed One word in the current program block is to be Move the highlighted field to the word changed to be changed The dialog query appears for the highlighted word g COORDINATES x E Change the value Move the highlighted field to the To change another word lt gt word to be changed Transfer the block lf all corrections have been made or move the highlighted field to the right or left off the screen HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P3 Conversational Programming Editing functions Searching You can use the vertical cursor keys to search for lines containing a certain address in the file for lines with certain addresses Use the horizontal cursor keys to place the highlighted field on a word having the search address and then page in the file with the vertical cursor keys Only those blocks having the desired address are displayed Example ME All lines with the address M A Select one block with the desired are to be displayed address Place the highlighted field on a word with the required address MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M Call blocks with the desired address Page HEIDENHAIN aa Programming Modes TNC 306 Conversational Programming Clearing deleting functions Delete block The current line in a file is deleted with DEL O 5 Select the line you wish to delete with GOTO O or a cursor key Program li
77. d as a cycle becomes in essence a fixed cycle PGM CALL It can be called with CYCL CALL separate block or M99 blockwise or M89 modally GOTO Initiate the dialog G or 1 2 Entering the cycle CYCL DEF 12 PGM CALL Confim the selected cycle selection PROGRAM NUMBER 1 Program number Example The callable program 50 is to be called from program 5 Program BEGIN PGM 5 MM CYCL DEF 12 0 PGM CALL Definition aa CYCL DEF 12 1 PGM 50 Program 50 is a cycle cyct L X 20 Y 50 FMAX M99 l Call program 50 END PGM 5 MM Page HEIDENHAIN P92 Programming Modes TNC 306 Parametric programming Basic functions Computation time Variable addresses with parameters Inch dimensions HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Parametric Programming Overview Parametric programming expands the capabilities of the control enormously and offers features such as Variable eroding programs e Processing of mathematical curves e g sine wave ellipse parabola hyperbola e Programs for machining families of parts e 3D programming for mold making The mathematical and logical functions listed at the right are available for programming The time required for one computing step depending on the workload on the processor can reach the millisecond range For this reason very many computations and very small displacements may cause the machine axes to be halted In this case you have to make a compromise
78. d by the minimum undersize UNS Note When choosing the electrode ensure that the electrode radius Re is greater than the radius z of the Cavity Page HEIDENHAIN P 104 Programming Modes TNC 306 Program HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Parametric Programming Example Disk 0 BEGIN PGM 101 MM 1 CYCL DEF 1 0 GENERATOR 2 CYCL DEF 1 1 P TAB 300 3 CYCL DEF 1 2 MAX 25 MIN 4 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 12 5 TOOL CALL 1 Z UM 0 6 FNO Q1 10 7 FNO Q2 40 8 FN0 Q99 20 9 LX 50 Y 50 Z 2 RO FMAX 10 FN3 Q10 2 Q108 11 FN2 Q10 Q2 Q10 12 TOOL CALLI Z UM Q10 13 FN16 Q11 Q230 Q99 14 FN2 Q12 Q10 Q11 15 FN4 Q12 Q12 DIV 2 16 FN1 Q13 Q1 011 17 CYCL DEF 17 0 DISK 18 CYCL DEF 17 1 Z Q13 M36 19 CYCL DEF 17 2 RAD Q12 MOD 0 20 L Z 100 RO FMAX M37 21 END PGM 101 MM Programming Modes Generator definition Tool definition R Re Tool call activation of Q108 Cavity depth T Cavity diameter D Select power stage NR Move to starting point Calculate undersize UM Tool call Find present minimum undersize Calculate expansion radius RAD Calculate depth T UNS Sink to depth T UNS Generator on Incremental increase of expansion radius Q12 Retract electrode Generator off Page P 105 Q Parametric Programming Example Conical cavity Task Conical cavity machined using program 101 disk Changes in To use program 101 disk lines 1 to 9 and 20 PGM 101 must
79. d executed at three different positions Program TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R2 4 TOOL CALL i Z U 0 2 L X 15 Y 10 Traverse to hole group RO FMAX CALL LBL 1 Subprogram call L X 75 Y 10 FMAX Traverse to hole group CALL LBL 1 Subprogram call L X 45 Y 60 FMAX Traverse to hole group CALL LBL 1 L Z 50 FMAX M2 Retract tool axis LBL 1 Subprogram 1 CALL LBL 2 Subprogram call for sinking and retracting L IX 20 FMAX Incremental traverse CALL LBL 2 Sinking L IY 20 FMAX incrementa traverse CALL LBL 2 Sinking L IX 20 FMAX Incremental traverse CALL LBL2 Sinking LBL 0 Subprogram 1 end LBL 2 Subprogram 2 L Z 10 M36 Sink L Z 2 FMAX M37 Retract LBL 0 End of subprogram 2 Page l HEIDENHAIN P62 Programming Modes TNC 306 Program Calls Jumping to You can call another program which is stored in the control from any machining program another main This allows you to create your own fixed cycles with parametric programming program Program the call with a PGM CALL key Calling The program to be called cannot contain MO2 or M30 In the called program do not program a jump criteria back to the original program creates an endless loop Only one BLK FORM can exist Process The control executes main program 7 until CALL PGM 28 Then a jump is made to main pro gram 28 Main program 28 is executed from beginning to end BEGIN PGM 1 MM Then a return jump ts made to main program 1 Main program 1 is resumed with the block follo 1 BEGIN P
80. d in the cycle parameter MOD infiuences both the geometric and electrical processes Fast Modes 0 to 2 sparking out The values O to 2 define various geometric processes After the electrode reaches the final vector V con sisting of total depth and total radius and completes one full orbit the cycle ends Complete Modes 4 to 6 sparking out Values 4 to 6 define the same geometric processes as the values O to 2 After the electrode reaches the final vector V the generator transmits the sparking out signal free running signal for the duration of 11 orbits to ensure complete sparking out before the cycle ends Circular Modes 0 and 4 expansion In the modes O and 4 the electrode moves from the starting point S along the surface of a circular cone until it reaches the programmed depth T and the programmed expansion radius RAD Square Modes 1 and 5 expansion In the modes 1 and 5 the electrode moves from the starting point S along the surface of a square pyramid until it reaches the programmed depth D and the programmed expansion radius RAD HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes K P73 cYCL Erosion Cycles Cycle 17 Disk Orbital sinking Modes 2 and 6 In the modes 2 and 6 the electrode moves from the starting point S by the expansion radius RAD in radial direction then takes a helical path to the programmed depth T Note e The feed rate for the rotational traverse is the last programmed feed rate It is li
81. datum table approx 88K byte RAM battery buffered Up to 254 tool definitions in a program via TOOL DEF or tool definition cycle with tool compensation in max 4 axes Programmable functions Straight line chamfer Circle input center and end point of the arc or radius and end point of the arc circle connected tangenti ally to the contour input arc end point Corner rounding input radius Tangential approach and departure from a contour Subprograms program section repeats call of other programs Generator definition disk cycle for circular and square machining orbital sinking erosion with time limit tool definition Move and rotate the coordinate system mirror image scaling For electronically aligning and measuring the workpiece with the electrode in the Manual operation and Electronic handwheel modes of operation as well as for programmed probing in the Program run single block and Program run full sequence modes of operation Mathematical functions x sin cos angle a from axis sections Va Va b parameter comparison gt lt PLC error print indexed data assignment Max 30000 mm or 1181 inches Traversing speed max 30 m min or 1180 inches min C axis max 83 rpm Hardware Logic unit control panel and monochrome screen 1000 blocks min 60 ms 4ms RS 232 C V 24 Data transfer speed max 38 400 baud Operation 0 C to 45 C 32 F
82. direction CP IPA 360 IZ 2 DR Task A right hand interna thread M64 x 1 5 is to be produced in one pass with a special electrode Thread Thread data pitch P 1 5 mm Start a 0 i end a 0 360 Number of threads No 5 Overrun of threads at start Nn 1 2 at end l No 1 2 Calculations Total height IZ P n 15mm 5 2 V2 9 mm Incremental polar angle of orbit IPA 360 i 360 5 2 1 2 2160 Due to overrun of 1 2 thread the start of thread is advanced by 180 Starting angle a a 180 0 180 180 The overrun of 1 2 thread at the start of thread gives the folowing ir initial value for Z Z P n 15 mm 5 Ga 8 25 mm Program TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R19 8 TOOL CALL 1 Z U 0 4 L X 50 Y 30 RO FMAX Approach the hole center CC Take the position as pole L Z 8 25 RO FMAX Downfeed at center to initial value Z 5 LP PR 32 PA 180 RL F100 Approach the wall with radius R and starting angle a E CP IPA 2160 Helical movement with incremental angle IPA IZ 9 DR RL M36 _ and total height IZ 7 L X 50 Y 30 M37 Retract in XY L Z 100 FMAX Retract in Z Note Helical interpolation cannot be graphically displayed HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P47 c Polar Coordinates SJP Circular interpolation CC CP C aie with linear interpolation in the C axis Definition Two axes are moved simultaneously such that a circle is described in the XY working piane This move ment is combined with a
83. e direction angle referenced to a pole see index Program ming Modes Polar coordinates CC Pole PR Polar radius distance from pole PA Polar angle direction angle HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 General Information A 21 Coordinates Linear and angle encoders Linear and Each machine axis requires a measuring system to provide the control with information on the actual angle position linear encoders for linear axes angle encoders for rotary axes encoders in machine tools Grating period Light source Condenser lens DIADUR glass scale i AN s wil PG j lit antiik ji SS l se i ag JA i os ma A w with index gratings Principle of photoelectric scanning of fine gratings Reference mark Scale grating LS 103C RON 706C ROD 250C With linear axes position measurement is generally based on either ea photoelectrically scanned steel or glass scale or e the high precision baliscrew which also functions as a drive element the electrical signals are then produced by a rotary encoder coupled to the ballscrew With rotary axes a graduated disk permanently attached to the axis is photoelectrically scanned The TNC forms the position value by counting the generated impulses Kee General information Nene Sone _ Datum Reference marks HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Coordinates Linear and angle encoders Linear and angle encoders are machine based The datum for determina
84. e direction with the angle O leading axis Interpolation Spindle axis Circular interpolation plane planes parallel to Standard for Z XY 2 milling machines Y ZX Standard for horizontai borers X YZ 7 Y X Oblique Circular arcs which are not parallel to a main plane can be programmed via Q parameters and executed circles as a sequence of multiple short straight lines L blocks in space Page HEIDENHAIN P32 Programming Modes TNC 306 RES Circular movement Arbitrary transitions Prerequisite Circle endpoint Rotating direction DR DR Radius Full circles CR Selecting HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Circular Movement Cartesian selection guide Arbitrary transitions The control moves two axes simultaneously so the tool describes a circular arc relative to the workpiece The functions C and CR define together with the preceding block arbitrary transitions i e tangential and non tangential transitions at the beginning and end of the arc The starting point of the circular movement must be approached in the immediately preced ing block The circle endpoint is programmed in a C or CR block Both definitions also contain the direction of rotation Positive rotating direction in mathematical terms is counterclockwise Negative rotating direction is clockwise The radius is indirectly given for C as the distance from the position programmed in the immediately pre
85. e table is protected against editing and erasure see the section File Management this is answered with the error message PROTECTED PGM HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes TNC 306 The cycle Activation Datum position Cancelling the mirror image Mirrored axes Rotating direction HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 _CYCL DEF 8 1 Coordinate Transformations Cycle 8 Mirror image The direction of an axis is reversed when it is mirrored The sign is reversed for all coordinates of this axis The result is a mirror image of a pro gammed contour or of a hole pattern Mirroring is only possible in the machining plane You can mirror in one axis or both axes simulta neously The mirror image is immediately valid upon defi nition The mirrored axes can be recognized by the highlighted axis designations in the status dis play for the datum shift Mirroring is performed at the current datum The datum must therefore be shifted to the required position before a mirror image cycle definition 1 If the datum is on the part contour the part is only mirrored across the axis 2 If the datum is outside the contour the part is also moved The mirror image cycle is cancelled by entering the mirror image cycle and responding to the dia log query mirror image axis with NO ENT CYCL DEF 8 0 MIRROR IMAGE Enter the axis or axes to be mirrored The tool axis cannot be mirrored The rotating direc
86. efining A parameter is designated by the letter Q and any number between 0 and 99 parameters Specific numerical values can be allocated to the parameter either directly or with mathematical and logi cal functions Parameter contents can also have a negative sign Positive signs need not be programmed Starting Parameters must be defined before they can be used When program run is started all parameters are values automatically assigned the value O tf machine parameter MP 7300 0 If MP 7300 1 and power is interrupted the parameters QO to Q99 are stored and can be erased only after selecting the program by pressing PGM NR entering the program number and confirming with ENT Examples of defined parameters Qi 1 5 Q5 Ql Q9 Q1 Q5 Notation The notation corresponds to the standard computer format The operands and the operator are on the right the desired result on the left Consider the entire line as a mathematical operation and not as an equation Here also use the ENT key to continue the dialog within one program line Example The following multiplication is to be entered Q10 05 17 D PERO O of E ai emer operation Initiate the dialog FN 3 MULTIPLICATION Entry into the function _ PARAMETER NUMBER FOR RESULT 10 Parameter forresult Q 5 15 operand parameter SECOND VALUE OR PARAMETER 17 2 operand FN 3 Q10 Q5 1 7 Finished program line Q10 is assigned the result when the
87. em is defined when the coordinates of any datum P are known that is when the too is moved to the datum position and the control sets the corresponding coordinates datum set ting HEIDENHAIN General Information TNC 306 Page A 20 Coordinates Absolute and incremental coordinates lf a given point on the workpiece is referenced to the datum then one speaks of absolute coordi nates or absolute dimensions It is also possible to indicate a position which is referenced to an other known workpiece position in this case one speaks of incremental coordinates or incremental dimensions Absolute The machine is to be moved to a certain position dimensions or to certain nominal coordinates Example X 30 Y 30 Dimensions in this manual are given as absolute Cartesian dimensions unless otherwise indi cated Incremental Incremental dimensions in a part program always dimensions refer to the immediately preceding nominal position Incremental dimensions are indicated by the letter I The machine is to be moved by a certain dis tance it moves from the previous position along a distance given by the incremental nominal coordinate values Example IX 10 TY 10 Mixing absolute It is possible to mix absolute and incremental and incremental coordinates within the same program block dimensions Example L IX 10 Y 30 Polar Positions on the workpiece can also be pro coordinates grammed by entering the radius and th
88. en simultaneously Ooaoo0oo00 Oao00n0 OO OO OO OO OO in the jog mode Continuous lf the machine START button is pressed simulta operation neously with an axis direction button the select aS ed machine axis continues to move after the two buttons are released Movement is stopped with stor the machine STOP button Handwheel Traversing with the handwheel is also possible in the Manual mode of operation The distance of traverse per revolution is set through the interpolation factor see index Machine Operating Modes Electronic Handwheel Feed rate The traverse speed feed rate is preset by machine parameters and can be varied with the feed rate override override F of the control Rotational speed The rotational speed of the C axis can be changed through the general user parameter 2090 accessible of the C axis for through the code number 123 free rotation The erosion parameter for the rotational speed of the C axis is activated in the Single block or Full block program run modes of operation S Override The rotational speed of the C axis during free rotation M03 or M04 can be changed with the aid of the S override Page HEIDENHAIN M2 Machine Operating Modes TNC 306 Manual Operation Miscellaneous functions M Miscellaneous Use the STOP key to enter a miscellaneous function function M Initiate the dialog stor MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M Eaisrihe
89. en to the pro grammed position if RO was programmed in pre ceding blocks L X 50 Y 30 _ After entering the desired values program blocks may be shortened with the END O key if remaining data is unchanged Programming Modes fig Absolute Cartesian coordinates Incremental Cartesian dimensions Mixed entries Example Program Page _ P 28 Linear Movement Cartesian sinking x 30 4o z 2 fq L X 30 Y 40 Z 2 Multidimensional contour elements can only be entered after initiating with a gray path function key 1 x 20 E Only incremental entry L IX 20 L zta The position for X is entered in incremental 1 x 20 30 mS dimensions for Y in absolute dimensions L IX 20 Y 30 The cavity described in the following was programmed without using cycles Diameter of the cavity D 10 mm Undersize of the electrode according to the erosion parameter table UM UNS 1 mm Electrode radius pac UM Emma imm 465 am 0 BEGIN PGM 28 MM 1 BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 20 Blank form definition only if graphic workpiece 2 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 simulation desired 3 CYCL DEF 1 0 GENERATOR Call the desired erosion parameter table for 4 CYCL DEF 1 1 P TAB 1 generator setting 5 CYCL DEF 12 MAX 3 MIN 1 Power stage between 3 and 1 6 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R45 Tool definition 7 TOOL CALL 1 ZU 1 Tool call 8 LZ 200 RO FMAX M6 E Retract in Z tool change 9 LX 20 Y 30 RO FMAX Positioning to fir
90. encoders with distance coded reference marks On encoders with a single reference mark the datum is set by this reference mark the position of the reference mark is indicated by the RM sticker When programming M92 nominal positions refer to the machine datum The miscellaneous functions M91 and M92 are used for example to traverse to fixed machine points or traverse to the tool change position You can use the MOD key to display the coordinates referenced to the machine datum see index General Information MOD Functions Programming Modes Peas aaa ga Program Jumps a Overview zc Jumping within The following jumps can be made within a pro a program gram Examples Program section repeat CALL LBL 4 REP 3 3 Subprogram call CALL LBL 7 e Conditional jump IF Q5 GTO GOTO LBL 12 Unconditional jump IF 0 EQU 0 GOTO LBL 8 Nesting A program section repeat or a subprogram can also be called from within another program sec tion repeat or subprogram Maximum nesting depth 8 levels Jumping to You can jump from a part program to any other another program which is stored in the control Examples program Program a jump to another program with a program call CALL PGM 3 or with CYCL DEF PGM CALL PGM 3 e cycle 12 PGM CALL Nesting You can call further programs from a called program L X 50 M99 Maximum nesting depth 4 levels HEIDENHAIN Boas TNC 306 Programming
91. entered and executed the entered positioning blocks are not stored Traversing to Initiate the dialog x or another axis key position POSITION VALUE 1 Incremental absolute a an Enter a numerical value for the selected axis Confirm the entry Radius compensation TOOL RADIUS COMP R R NO COMP Enter either no radius compensation or enter desired radius compensation FEED RATE F FMAX ENT Enter either the feed rate or no value for rapid traverse or for feed rate from machine parameter MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M an ai ah miscellaneous function E choose no miscellaneous function BLOCK COMPLETE a Q start the positioning block Terminate block Direct termination of input Data entered previously such as radius compensation feed rate or direction entry of C axis rotation then remain permanently effective Single axis For single axis positioning blocks you only have radius to consider whether the tool path is lengthened compensation or shortened by the tool R tool path to be increased R tool path to be reduced lf a radius compensation R R is also en tered to position the tool axis this axis is not compensated Nominal position Page i HEIDENHAIN M 20 Machine Operating Modes TNC 306 Program Run single block Full sequence Stored programs are executed in the operating modes Program run single block and Program run full sequence The
92. er the last radius compensated position RL RR or before the first uncompensated position following machining HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P53 M97 Example Page P 54 Predetermined M Functions Small contour steps M97 lf there is a step in the contour which is smaller than the electrode radius the standard transition arc would cause contour damage The control therefore issues an error message and does not execute the corresponding positioning block M97 prevents insertion of the transition arc The control then determines a contour intersection as at inside corners and guides the electrode over this point The contour is not damaged However machining is then incomplete and the corner may have to be reworked A smaller tool may help M97 is effective blockwise and must be pro grammed in the block containing the outside corner point Without M97 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R9 5 TOOL CALL 1 Z U 0 5 L X 0 Y 30 RLM36 L X 40 Y 30 M97 L X 40 Y 28 L X 80 Y 28 With M97 Programming Modes i HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 d Standard inside corner compensation M98 Example Stepover milling with M98 Example HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 L X 50 Y 26 Predetermined M Functions End of compensation M98 On inside corners in a continuously radius com pensated contour the electrode moves only to the intersection of the equidistants see top figure The work cannot be completely
93. es 116 117 119 120 121 HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Conversational Programming General information Introduction The individual work steps on a conventional elec trical discharge machine must be initiated by the Program start and operator On an NC machine the numerical con specification of blank for test graphics trol assumes computation of the tool path coor dination of the feed movements on the machine slides and generally also monitors the rotational speed of the C axis The control receives the information for this in form of a part program in which the machining of the workpiece Is de scribed Define an erosion parameter table set the highest and lowest power stage Define and call an electrode move to the electrode change position Move to the workpiece contour generator ON machine the workpiece contour generator OFF depart from the workpiece contour Traverse to the electrode position End of program Program scheme Files The control can manage up to 32 files NC programs erosion parameter tables datum tables _ In approx 88K byte RAM memory The part program examples on the following pages will illustrate the TNC s conversational pro gramming One part program can contain up to 1000 blocks The files are identified by their program numbers A file consists of individual lines Blocks Every biock in a program corresponds to one work step e g L X 20 Y 30 Z 50 RO F1000 M3
94. es are brought close enough together to cause an electrical current this cur rent will take the form of sparks Discharge 1 Applying an electrical voltage lf an electrical voltage is applied to the two elec Bs trodes an electrical field arises that is greatest wherever the gap between them is the smallest The voltage therefore concentrates all electrically conducting particies at this point 2 Bridge formation A type of bridge arises from the concentration and orientation of the particles in the direction of the electrical field y i HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 General information Fn anaana e amaaan a e a a am ae e e aa a Ra ac PAE A tS EEE EEE 3 Narcan maa niat iaae annen raa sanna Fundamentals of Spark Erosion 3 Discharge channel After a certain delay ignition delay time a dis charge channel forms over the bridge of particles 4 Electrical current The particles begin to flow to the positive and negative electrodes This flow of particles is an electrical current The very high pressure and tem perature arising from this current vaporizes the dielectric in the discharge channel 5 The discharge channe expands The surfaces of both electrodes melt The dis charge channel expands which decreases pres Sure and temperature a l HEIDENHAIN RA Genera Information TNC 306 ar oad Fundamentals of Spark Erosion 6 Current is switched off discharge channel collapses
95. f machining A high duty cycle is needed for roughing while a low duty cycle is required for finishing or fine finishing HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P 67 SV AJD and ET AR Page P 68 ing M function is assigned by the machine tool Erosion Parameter Tables Erosion parameters Servo sensitivity The control outputs a certain velocity nominal value F depending on the gap voltage Ugap and the characteristic curve adjusted by the machine tool builder The reaction speed of the gap control can be influenced with the servo sensitivity parameter SV Servo sensitivity is entered in Auto jump distance Erosion time The erosion process is completed within the erosion time ET When the erosion time expires the electrode is quickly retracted along the pro grammed path by the auto jump distance AJD Then the electrode is quickly returned to the contour abbreviated by MP2051 An additional intermittent flushing function can be switched on to prevent process malfunctions and improve deionization of the gap The correspond builder e g M8 The auto jump distance AJD is entered in millimeters and the erosion time ET in seconds MP 2051 Erosion Jb Positioning Arc sensitivity fr The arc sensitivity AR influences he gap signal sent from the generator to the TNC Your machine tool builder can provide you with more information on this parameter Programming Modes Bars bila HS
96. first be erased Example Actual electrode radius Re R from TOOL DEF Q108 12 mm Power stage NR Q99 20 Depth T of the conical cavity QO 20 Infeed AT depth per disk Q1 1 Upper diameter D1 Q2 40 Lower diameter D2 Q3 30 Starting point X coordinate 50 Y coordinate 50 Z coordinate 2 Formulas The geometrical context of the depth T and the two diameters provide the angle a at the wall of the conical cavity 7 a arctan D1 D2 2 The respective diameter Dn at a certain depth Tn is calculated as follows Dn D1 cos a Tn Note Be sure to choose an electrode appropriate to the lower diameter D2 and upper radius A Page HEIDENHAIN P 106 Programming Modes TNC 306 Program HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Parametric Programming Example Conical cavity 0 BEGIN PGM 102 MM 1 BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 20 2 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 3 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 12 4 TOOL CALL 1 Z U 0 5 CYCL DEF 1 0 GENERATOR 6 CYCL DEF 1 1 P TAB 300 7 CYCL DEF 1 2 MAX 25 MIN 1 8 FNO Q0 20 9 FNO Q1 1 10 FNO Q2 40 11 FNO Q3 30 12 FNO Q99 10 13 L X 50 Y 50 Z 1 RO FMAX 14 FNO Q20 Q0 15 FNO Q21 Q1 16 FNO Q22 Q2 17 FN8 Q20 Q20 LEN 0 18 FN2 Q30 Q22 Q3 19 FN4 Q30 Q30 DIV 2 20 FN13 Q30 Q20 ANG Q30 21 FN7 Q30 cos Q30 22 FNO Q32 0 23 FNO Q33 0 24 LBL 1 25 FN1 Q23 Q33 21 26 FN12 IF Q33 LT 00 GOTO LBL 2 27 FN9 IF 0 EQU 0 GOTO LB
97. g 2190 0 gt Electrode is stopped after every flushing NC block 1 If the programmed contour is geometrically continuous the electrode moves with constant speed 2 Electrode always moves with constant speed Measuring Function Parameter Input Input with the number values TOUCH PROBE i z Feed rate for probing 6120 80 to 3000 mm min Measuring distance 6130 O to 30 000 000 mm Rapid traverse for probing 6150 80 to 30000 mm min Page HEIDENHAIN A16 General Information TNC 306 Display and programming Machining and program run HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 User Parameters Function Programming station Switching of dialog language German English Inhibit PGM input for PGM no OEM cycle no Display of the current feed rate before start in the manual operating modes same feed rate in all axes i e smallest programmable feed rate Feed rate display Display of current machining time Decimal character Clearing the status display and the Q parameters with M02 M30 and end of program Graphics display mode Switch over projection type display in 3 planes Rotate the coordinate system in the machining plane by 90 Function Scaling cycle is effective on 2 axes or 3 axes Output of M functions Programmed stop at MO6 Output of M89 modal cycle call Axis stop with output of M function Exceptions Axis stop occurs with all M functions which result in a programmed stop e g
98. h tool axis Z and machining plane XY If your machine uses a different axis as the too axis this axis must be programmed instead of Z and likewise the correspond ing axes for the machining plane Beware of collisions when executing the example programs Buffer batteries Buffer batteries Programs and machine specific data machine for the control parameters are stored non volatile via buffer batteries Ifthe message EXCHANGE BUFFER BATTERY i displayed new batteries are to be inserted Batteries should be exchanged each year Battery type Three AA size batteries leak proof IEC designation LR6 Battery exchange To exchange the batteries the supply voltage can be disconnected The batteries are located behind the twist lock cover in the power supply unit of the LE unit To change the batteries the LE unit can be opened by the two snap locks Do not allow the swing frame to drop HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 General Information Fundamentals of Spark Erosion The erosion Spark erosion is a thermal method of metal process removal instead of removing material by mechanical means such as milling an electrical discharge machine EDM melts and vaporizes the workpiece material The erosion process taken place in an electrically insulating fluid the dielectric d The workpiece w and the tool e are immersed in the dielectric and function as two electrodes placed under the volt age U lf the two electrod
99. he stock removal This quantity is proportional to the are i l m The stock removal SR is given in 1 cm 1000 mm Programming Modes HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 _ Erosion Parameter Tables Erosion parameters 2G Two times gap ERE Oe et ee ee The size of the gap G depends more than any thing else on the adjusted current level Since the gap G exists on both sides of the electrode it must be counted twice This parameter is there fore referred to as the two times gap 2G 2G G G The two times gap is given in mm UNS Minimum undersize The minimum undersize UNS results from the width of the gap G and the maximum surface roughness Rmax negligible for finishing In a simple erosion job the minimum undersize 7 UNS is equal to the undersize UM If you are working with the disk cycle however the under size UM is greater than the minimum undersize UNS UNS 2 G 2 Rmax EA A T T EE UM UNS AUX 1 to Auxiliary parameters AUX 6 The auxiliary parameters AUX 1 to AUX 6 can be used by the machine tool builder for special tasks He can provide you with more information about their specific functions HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes Introduction Prerequisite Erosion axis and depth Miscellaneous function M Expansion radius RAD Page P72 Erosion Cycles N Cycle 17 Disk The disk cycle is a general purpose cycle intended to be used for the devel
100. he electrode touches the datum plane After contacting the surface the electrode is retracted in rapid traverse to the starting position The length L is stored by the control and automati cally compensated during the measurements Initiate the dialog PROBE Select probing function CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE LENGTH 7 AR TOOL AXIS Z Enter a different tool axis if required Select the Datum Enter the datum in the too axis ern i a e g 5 0 mm amp Move the electrode to the vicinity of the reference plane 7 Z Ea Select the direction of electrode movement here Z The electrode moves in negative Z direction After touching the surface and returning to the starting position the control automat ically switches to the Manual operation or Handwheel operating mode Display The value for effective length can be displayed by selecting Calibration effective length again CAR Machine Operating Modes ae 3D Touch Probe Calibrating effective radius Procedure The electrode is lowered into the bore of the ring gauge 4 points on the wall must be touched to determine the effective radius of the electrode The traverse directions are determined by the control e g X X Y Y tool axis Z The electrode is retracted in rapid traverse to the starting position after every deflection The radius R is stored by the control and automat ically compensated during the measurements tile I
101. he machine tool builder Q96 to Q98 Momentary power stage LS Q99 Highest power stage LS Q150 Lowest power stage LS Q151 Active erosion parameter table TAB Q152 Minimum undersize UNS mm of the lowest power stage Q154 Two times gap 2G mm of the lowest power stage Q155 Two times gap 2G mm of the highest power stage Q156 Two times gap 2G mm from the lowest to the highest power stage Minimum undersize UNS mm from the lowest to the highest power stage Q201 to Q225 Q251 to Q255 Q100 to Q107 can be used to transfer Q parameter values from the integrated PLC into an NC program if the control jumps from a subprogram or an OEM cycle back into the main program then Q153 0 is set If the erosion time limit expires the disk cycle is interrupted and Q153 1 is set When cycle 2 is completed Q153 2 is set HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Programming Modes Q Parametric Programming Q Parameters with special functions Following lf a following electrode is given during TOOL CALL Q157 is assigned the value 1 Otherwise it receives electrode Q157 the value from user parameter MP 2040 Tool data The contro files the tool data of the tool which Q108 Q158 was last called under certain Q parameters Q159 Q160 Q108 Electrode radius from TOOL DEF Q158 Electrode undersize from TOOL CALL Q159 Length of the electrode from TOOL DEF Q160 Electrode number from TOOL CALL Undersize Q109 The control stores the current tool
102. he polar radius PR and the polar angle PA in the working plane e g CTP PR 30 PA 900 IC 5 This feature enables the tool to move in a helical path or the C axis to move tan gentially to an arc to retain the orientation of the tool to the workpiece contour The start of the arc is automatically tangential when programming with CT in the working plane lf the transition points are not calculated exactly the arc elements could become jag ged Specify the pole CC before programming in polar coordinates Example A straight line through and is to tangentially meet the arc to The radius and direction angle of with respect to CC are known Program TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R4 TOOL CALL 1 Z U 0 5 CC X 65 Y 20 L X 10 Y 30 RL M36 L X 20 Y 60 CTP PR 70 PA 80 RND Polar corners can also be rounded with the s corner rounding function see Circular Move ment Cartesian Corner rounding RND HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P re se P Polar Coordinates Helical interpolation CC CP Z Z Helix lf 2 axes are moved simultaneously to describe a circle in a main plane XY YZ ZX and a uniform linear motion of the tool axis is superimposed then the tool moves along a helix helical inter polation Applications Helical interpolation can be used to advantage with form electrodes for producing internal and external threads with large diameters This can save you su
103. hine based coordinates M91 M92 Overview Program markers labels Program section repeats Subprograms Programming Modes 35 36 37 39 41 42 43 44 45 45 46 48 49 51 53 54 55 56 57 58 61 63 HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Programming Modes P Hii Standard Cycles Introduction Overview Erosion Cycles Cycle 1 Generator Erosion Parameter Tables Erosion parameters Erosion Cycies Cycle 17 Disk Cycle 2 Erosion with time limit wa Coordinate Transformations Overview Cycle 3 Tool definition Cycle 7 Datum shift Transferring numerical values Cycle 8 Mirror image Cycle 10 Coordinate system rotation Cycle 11 Scaling Other Cycles Eo Cycle 9 Dwell time Cycle 12 Program call Qa ie Parametric Programming Overview Selection Algebraic functions Trigonometric functions Conditional unconditional jumps Special functions Q Parameters with special function Examples Hole pattern Disk Conical cavity Programmed Probing Q ER Overview Example measuring length and angle Actual Position Capture Test Run f t A Test graphics Counting the Machining Time ane Programming Modes 64 65 66 91 92 93 94 95 96 98 99 100 103 104 106 108 109 111 112 113 119 Programming Modes P External Data Transfer Transfer menu FE 401B Floppy Disk Unit Non HEIDENHAIN devices software Machine parameters Programming Mod
104. holes in Y Distance between first and last hole on the first axis Shift datum to the start point Rotation of the coordinate system by angle Q3 Traverse to start point Auxiliary parameter number of holes in the first axis Subprogram call for holes in the first axis Traverse to second row Count down the lines Conditional jump to LBL 1 Cancel rotation Cancel datum shift Retract Eroding a hole Retract Traverse to next hole Count down number of holes Conditional jump Retract to starting position End subprogram Page P 103 Qa Parametric Programming Example Disk Task Calculation of an undersize UM and the expan sior radius RAD Erosion of a cavity using the disk cycle MOD 0 Example Actual electrode radius Re R from TOOL DEF Q108 12 mm Power stage NR Q99 10 Minimum undersize UNS from the erosion table Q231 to Q255 Depth T of the cavity Q1 10 mm Diameter D of the cavity Q2 40 mm Starting point X coordinate 50 Y coordinate 50 Z coordinate 2 Formulas For the undersize UM UM D 2RE For the expansion radius RAD Since the minimum undersize UNS depends on the respective power stage NR the control must address UNS from NR using indexed data assignment UNS Q230 Q99 Since the power stages are numbered 1 to 25 the base parameter Q231 must be reduced by the decrement 1 therefore Q230 The depth T of the iy is programmed in the disk cycle reduce
105. if rapid traverse 2 0 gt Override inactive key and external direction buttons 4 gt Override active are pressed Page l HEIDENHAIN A18 General information TNC 306 Coordinates Coordinate system In a part program the nominal positions of the electrode are defined in relation to the workpiece z encoders on the machine axes continuously deliver the signals needed by the contro for determining the current actual position A reference system is always required for determining position In the present case such a system must be workpiece based j Cartesian The reference system normally used is the rec coordinates tangular or Cartesian coordinate system y coordinates are those values which define a unique point in a reference system The system consists of three coordinate axes perpendicular to each other and lying parallel to the machine axes which intersect each other at the so called origin or absolute zero point The coordinate axes represent mathematically ideal straight lines i with divisions the axes are termed X Y and Z Right You can easily remember the traversing directi hand ons with the right hand rule the positive direc rule tion of the X axis is assigned to the thumb that of the Y axis to the index finger and that of the Z axis to the middle finger ISO 841 specifies that the Z axis should be defined according to the direction of the tool axis whereby the positive Z direction always p
106. ing gt Test run with graphics Ow Program Management Name select a program PEM Clear program BB Programmable program call oo HaT m External program input and output m BE YP Supplementary operating modes Test Graphics Graphic display modes BLK Define blank form reset blank form macn Magnify detail START Start graphic simulation Override C axis rom override with M03 M04 Feed rate override during positioning ww F and M37 Programming Entering the Workpiece Contour Straight line Circle with known center Circle with known radius a Circle with tangential transition nN Round corners ca Tangential contour approach and departure Define Call an electrode Specify mode of electrode compensation Ea Define Call a cycle Label Call a subprogram a5 G and program section repeats PROBE Probe Programmed stop Terminate program Entering and Editing Values Key for polar coordinates Key for incremental dimensions Q Enter parameter instead of a number Define parameter Transfer actual position to memory ear Cursor keys Jump to a certain block or cycle E No entry Enter data ENT Terminate block entry Clear entry E Delete block Contents General Information Introduction Al i MOD Functions A12 Coordinates A19 Linear and Angle Encoders A22 Machine Operating Modes Switch On M1 Manual Operation M2 Setup M4 Electronic Handwheel Increment
107. ion TNC 306 Machine parameters Parameters accessible for the user Examples Accessibility HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 User Parameters General Information The TNC contouring controls are individualized and adapted to the machine via machine parameters MP These parameters consist of important data which determine the behavior and performance of the machine Certain machine parameters which determine functions dealing only with operation programming and displays are accessible for the user Scaling factor only effective on X Y or on X Y Z Adapting the data interface to different external devices Display possibilities of the screen The user can access these machine parameters in two ways Access by entering the code number 123 This access is possible on every control see code number 123 Access to additional parameters via the MOD function User parameters You can only access via the MOD function if the manufacturer has made the machine parameters accessible for this purpose The machine manufacturer can inform you about the sequence meaning texts etc of user parameters Only these machine parameters may be changed by the user In no case should the user change any non accessible machine parameters Selection won Select the user parameter 4 Continue pressing until the desired USER PARAMETER or dialog appears ai Terminate or select further user parameters with and then terminate
108. ion until CALL LBL 17 REP 2 2 is repeated once and the nested program section also two more times Then the program run is resumed Programming Modes NE Program label 1 is set 6 repetitions after LBL 1 The program section between LBL 1 and CALL LBL 1 is executed a total of 7 times Tool definition Tool call Pre positioning Start of the program section repeat incremental distance between the holes rapid traverse Absolute sinking depth sinking feed rate Absolute retraction height rapid traverse Call for repeats Mit mil ee lt lt _ O O O O O O O O 2 pm w rm oOo o wN mo LL LBL 1 m a CALL LBL 15 000000 0 0 HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 e Subprograms Start of subprogram End of subprogram No repetitions Reply to REPEAT REP with E Program run Error messages HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 _ A jump to the called program label is then of subprogram Jumping Within a Program Subprograms If a program section occurs several times in the same program it can be designated as a subpro gram and called whenever required This speeds up programming 14 CALL LBL 1 The start of subprogram is marked with a label rae number can be any number 17 L X 10 Y 80 18 CALL LBL 1 The end of the subprogram is always marked by 19 L Z 50 R0 M02 label 0 The different subprograms are then called in the 20 LBL 1 main prog
109. is to working depth cS with radius compensation Generator ON MACHINING RRS After machining Retract in the machining plane Deselect radius compensation Generator OFF Retract the tool axis Return jump to the 1st biock re A a a Machine the work approach 1st contour point Last contour point with radius compensation Example values BEGIN PGM 729 MM BLK FORM 0 1 ZX 0 Y 0 Z 40 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 CYCL DEF 1 0 GENERATOR CYCL DEF 1 1 P TAB 10 CYCL DEF 1 22 MAX 8 MIN 1 TD TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 7 5 C C rth TOOL CALL 1 3 Z UM L Z 200 RO M06 L X 20 Y 20 RO L Z 20 L X 0 Y 0 RL M36 L X 0 Y 0 RL L X 20 Y 20 RO F500 M37 IL 200 M02 HEIDENHAIN DR JOHANNES HEIDENHAIN GmbH Dr Johannes Heidenhain Strae 5 D 83301 Traunreut Deutschland amp 08669 31 0 56 831 Fax 0 86 69 5061 281 388 20 SW04 1 6 97 S Printed in Germany Subject to change without notice
110. ith different heights can be probed so that the correct depth is always attained during subsequent machining in addition thermally induced position deviations of the machine can be determined at selected time intervals and compensated First pilot position in rapid traverse while maintaining the setup clearance machine parameter Then probe with the probing axis at the measuring feed rate transfer the probing position and retract to the setup clearance in rapid traverse If the short circuit signal is not released before reaching the maximum probing depth machine parameter the probing operation is aborted Initiate the dialog PARAMETER NUMBER FOR RESULT G Parameter number Probing axis and probing direction PROBING AXIS PROBING DIRECTION X POSITION VALUE x All coordinates of the pilot position E or incrementa The electrode moves to starting position X 10 Y 20 and Z 20 and then begins probing with the X axis in positive direction The probed result X position is stored in Q10 TOOL DEF 1 L R R 5 TOOL CALL 1 Z U 0 L Z 200 R0 FMAX M06 Too change position TCH PROBE 0 0 REF PLANE Q10 X Probing with the X axis in positive direction o TCH PROBE 0 1 X 10 Y 20 Z 20 Move to starting position Q10 contains the compensated X axis measure ment after probing After the probing Q115 to Q118 contain the actual uncompensated values for X Y Z and IV Task Main progra
111. ius can be calibrated before begin ning touch probe work Both dimensions are determined by CALIBRATION routines stored in the control and calculated into all the following probe values Terminating The probing functions can be terminated with the probing END Q functions Calibrating The electrode traverses to the side or upper sur working face of the work The feed rate during measure procedure ment and the maximum measuring distance are set by the machine manufacturer via machine parameters A short circuit signals to the control that the elec trode has made contact with the workpiece The control stores the coordinates of the contacted points The probing axis is stopped and retracted to the starting point Overrun caused by braking does not affect the measured result pre positioning with the external axis direction buttons F1 feed rate for pre positioning F2 feed rate for probing FMAX retraction in rapid traverse HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 a Machine Operating Modes TOUCH Setup PROBE Calibrating effective length Work aid For calibration of the effective length a ring ring gauge gauge of known height and known internal radius is clamped to the machine table G ring gauge D datum plane surface L length of the electrode R electrode radius Procedure The reference plane is set with the electrode prior to calibration To determine the effective length of the electrode t
112. lock The distance from the starting point to the circle center determines the radius The tool is to travel from position to target point in a circular path Only program in the C block Position can be entered in Cartesian or polar coordinates The direction of rotation DR must be defined for circular movement rotation in positive direction DR counterclock wise rotation in negative direction DR clockwise Any tool radius compensation must begin before a circular arc Besides the arc end point coordinates in the work ing plane a third coordinate can be entered in the tool axis e g C X 20 Y 20 Z 50 The tool axis is linearly interpolated with the circular interpolation in the working plane This feature enables the tool to move in a helical path for example to approach a contour tangentially in three dimen sions R F and M are entered as for straight line movements Input is not necessary unless the values are different from previous input Page Programming Modes P35 CR gr Circle CR Starting point Endpoint Central angle Contour radius Rotating direction Page P 36 Circular Movement Cartesian CR if the contour radius is given in the drawing but no circle center the circle can be defined via the CR key with the endpoint of the circular arc radius and direction of rotation R F and M are entered as for straight lines and are only re
113. m Definition of probing points pilot positioning Measure length Measure angle HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Programmed Probing Example Measuring length and angle A height from the probing points and and an angle from the probing points and are to be measured with parameter programming 0 BEGIN PGM PROBE MM Probing point X Y Z coordinates for pilot positioning 1 FN 0 Q11 20 2 FN 0 Q12 50 3 FN 0 Q13 10 4 FN 0 Q21 20 5 FN 0 Q22 15 6 FN 0 Q23 0 Probing point 7 FN 0 Q31 20 8 FN 0 Q32 15 9 FN 0 Q33 10 Probing point Z coordinate Q33 valid for probing point 10 FN 0 Q41 50 11 FN 0 Q42 10 Probing point 12 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 5 13 TOOL CALL 0 Z 14 L Z 100 RO F1000 M6 Retract insert electrode 15 TCH PROBE 0 0 REF PLANE Q10 Z 16 TCH PROBE 0 1 X Q11 Y Q12 Z Q13 17 L Y Q22 18 TCH PROBE 0 0 PROBE Q20 Z 19 TCH PROBE 0 1 X Q21 Y Q22 Z Q23 20 CALL LBL 1 21 TCH PROBE 0 0 REF PLANE Q30 Y 22 TCH PROBE 0 1 X Q31 Y Q32 Z Q33 23 TCH PROBE 0 0 REF PLANE Q40 Y 24 TCH PROBE 0 1 X Q41 Y Q42 Z Q33 25 CALL LBL 2 26 STOP 27 L Z 100 RO F1000 M2 Programming Modes Probe Approach auxiliary point Probe Call subprogram 1 Probe Probe Call subprogram 2 Check result parameter see chapter Machine Operating Modes section Program run Checking Changing the Q Parameters Retract jump to st
114. machine operator and requires appropriate knowledge of non NC of manual controlled die sinking electrical discharge machining TNC beginners are advised to work through this manual and the examples systematically If you have already worked with a HEIDENHAIN TNC you can skip familiar topics The sequence of chapters in this operating manual is according to control operating modes and key functions as well as according to the logical working order Machine operating modes Switch on electronic alignment set display value machine workpiece Programming modes Enter program test program Symbols The following symbols are used in this manual for keys Empty square keys for numerical input on the TNC operating panel Square with Lf other keys on the TNC operating panel symbol e g a Circle with symbol e g buttons on the machine operating panel The pages of this manual are distinctly marked with the relevant key symbols Typeface for Program biocks and TNC screen dialogs are printed in this SPECIAL TYPE screen displays HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 General Information Al Introduction Program The example programs in this manual are based on a uniform blank size and can be displayed on the Examples screen by adding the following blank definition see index Programming Modes Program Selection BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 40 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 The examples can be executed on EDM wit
115. mbers or parame ters LEN length Q3 7045 307 FN 8 Q3 Q45 LEN 30 Programming Modes 180 270 360 HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 _ Angles from line segments or trigonometric functions Unambiguous angle FN 13 Angle HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Parametric Programming Trigonometric functions According to the definitions of the angular func tions either the angular functions sin a and cos a or the lengths of sides a and b can be used to determine tan a The angle a is therefore sin a arc tan cos a a arctan a b lf the value of sin a or the side a is known two possible angles always result Example sin a 0 5 a 30 and a 150 To determine angle a unambiguously the value for cos aor side b is required If this value is known an unambiguous angle a is the result Example sin a 0 5 and cos a 0 866 a 30 sin a 0 5 and cos a 0 866 a 150 This function assigns a parameter the angle from a sine and cosine function or from the two legs of the right angled triangle _sna_a_ 5 cosa b 8 66 5 a arc tan a FN 13 QH 5 ANG 8 66 Programming Modes Page P97 IF If then jump Program call Equation FN 9 Inequalities FN 10 FN 11 gt FN12 lt Unconditional jumps Abbreviations Page P98 program label a jump can be made to another Parametric Programming Conditional unco
116. mited by the user parameters MP 1092 to MP 1097 The feed rate in the direction of the tool axis is determined by the gap monitoring In the event of a short circuit the circular move ment is stopped and the electrode is retracted _ along the infeed vector Once the short circuit is eliminated the electrode moves along the infeed vector back to the last eroded position minus the value from user parameter MP 2050 Conical cavity from several disks 1 The retraction behavior of the electrode in the event of short circuiting is determined by the machine tool builder Spherical cavity from several disks Page HEIDENHAIN P74 Programming Modes TNC 306 Example Program 1 Program 2 HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Erosion Cycles Cycle 17 Disk A cavity with 24 mm diameter and The cylindrical electrode has a radius of 9 9 mm and an undersize of 4 2 mm The erosion gap is 0 1 mm in width The following calculation results in an expansion radius of 2 mm for the disk cycle RAD EM _ 04 mm 2 mm In the first program example the electrode should be above the surface of the workpiece before cycle call In program 2 however the electrode has already eroded to a depth of 10 mm before the disk cycle ts called circular expansion TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R9 9 TOOL CALL 1 Z U 4 2 L X 50 Y 50 Z 1 RO FMAX CYCL DEF 17 0 DISK CYCL DEF 17 1 Z 10 M36 CYCL DEF 17 2 RAD 2 MOD 0 LX 20Y 20 Z 100 RO FMAX M37 T
117. must be entered in polar coordi nates after the pole CC has been entered Task A helical lubrication groove is to be eroded into a cylindrical surface with the aid of a form elec trode function not available in the export version TNC 306 Program TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 0 TOOL CALL 1 Z U 0 5 L Z 100 RO M6 Change electrode L X 30 Y 105 25 Starting position i L Z 65 C 90 Approach CC X 30 Y 30 Set the pole CP IPA 1260 IZ 70 Helical interpolation with IC 1260 M36 the incremental polar angel IPA the total height IZ erosion on L Z 15 IC 90 M37 Retract electrode i erosion off L X 50 Y 50 Retract in XY i L Z 100 Retract in Z d vai Programming Modes i WG z Jiv Lubrication groove Calculations Page P50 Polar Coordinates Circular interpolation CC CP Z C with linear interpolation in the C axis Pitch P 20 mm Beginning a 0 End a 0 360 Number of revolutions no 3 Overrun for each revolution at start n 1 4 at end No 1 4 Total height IZ P n N n 20 mm 3 1 4 1 4 70 mm Incremental angle of traverse for polar circular interpolation and C axis IPA 360 n 360 3 5 1260 The beginning of the lubrication groove is advanced by 90 through the overrun of 1 4 revolution Starting position Zs P no n 20 mm 3 1 4 65 mm Xs Xcc 30 mm Ys Yoc R R 105 25 Cs a 90 0 90 90 Progr
118. n 11 Sealing Datum shift Mirror image Original With the help of coordinate transformations a program section can be executed as a variant of the original In the following descriptions subprogram 1 is always the original subprogram identified by the gray background Rotation Scaling Immediate Every transformation is immediately valid without being called activation l Duration of A coordinate transformation remains valid until it is changed or cancelled activation Its effect is not impaired by interrupting and aborting program run This is also true when the same pro gram is restarted from another location with GOTO 0 End of You can cancel coordinate transformations in the following ways activation e Cycle definition for basic condition e g scaling factor 1 0 Programming of miscellaneous functions MO2 or M30 or END PGM depending on the machine parameters Selecting another program with PGM NR in the operating mode program run full sequence or single block Error CYCL INCOMPLETE message This error message is displayed if a fixed cycle is called after defining a transformation but no machining cycle was defined Otherwise the control executes the fixed cycle which was last defined HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P Ek Coordinate Transformations i Cycle 3 Tool definition Input data Tool number Number of the tool to be defined
119. n e g X The electrode moves in the selected direction After touching the workpiece it returns to the starting position xX Move the electrode to the starting position The electrode moves in the selected direction e g X After touching the workpiece the electrode returns to the second starting position Workpiece midpoint DATUM NUMBER 1 Z 1 804 The workpiece midpoint can be stored in the DATUM Z 1 804 datum table as a datum or in the Tool definition COMPENSATION VALUE Z 1 804 cycle as a compensation value Select the desired transfer function Enter new value if necessary Confirm entry The DATUM NUMBER function for transferring the measured value to the datum table is described in the chapter Touch points in the datum table 0 D The CORRECTION VALUE function for transferring the measured value in the TOOL DEF cycle is de scribed in the chapter Touch points in Cycle 3 Tool Definition Page Ba ees HEIDENHAIN M8 Machine Operating Modes TNC 306 TOUCH PROBE Functions Basic rotation HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 ROTATION ANGLE 0 Setup Basic rotation Angular measurement The probing function Basic rotation determines the angle of deviation of a plane surface from a nominal direction The angle is determined in the machining plane Basic rotation the control compensates for an angular misalignment Correct a
120. n angular misalignment on a machine with rotary axis Measure an angle JUCH PROSE Select proba naio ee unction Select the Rotation angle B n Enter the nominal direction of the surface to be probed e g 0 Initiate the dialog BASIC ROTATION Move the electrode to the starting position Select the probing direction e g Y The electrode travels in the selected direction e g Y The electrode returns to the starting posi tion after touching the side surface Move the electrode to the starting position The electrode travels in the selected direction e g Y The electrode returns to the second starting position after making contact The contro automatically switches to the Manual operation or Handwheel operating mode Machine Operating Modes ee Setup M Basic rotation Angular measurement Displaying The measured rotation angle is displayed by the rotation selecting the probing function Basic rotation angle Compensation of angular misalignment is regis tered on the screen with ROT in the status A A display It also remains stored after a power interruption Cancelling the basic rotation The basic rotation is cancelled by selecting rotation the probing function Basic rotation and angle 0 entering a 0 rotation angle The ROT display is cleared Once basic rotation is activated all sub sequent programs are
121. nd dialog a query appears Enter value an Transfer and continue dialog Terminate entry for current block After you press a dialog initiation key the control requests the necessary data You must give a response to every dialog query The response is shown in the highlighted field on the screen After answering the dialog query the entry is transferred to the memory with the ENT key ENT is short for enter i e confirm entry transfer store The control then displays the next dialog query To make the entries in the preceding block modal that means valid for the current block e g feed rate or spindle speed do not respond to the associated dialog queries skip them with the NO ENT key TOOL CALL 1 Entries already displayed in the highlighted field U 1 or already included in the program are deleted elias with NO ENT the next dialog query appears on 2 15 the screen During program run the previously programmed values are valid for the associated address 45 388 2 1 869 69 538 If you have programmed all the desired information in a block you can directly terminate the block with END D The control saves the entered data and no more queries for this block appear Data not programmed in this block remain effective as programmed in previous blocks Certain routines such as Read in program are also terminated with this key Numerical values are entered with
122. nditional jumps With the parameter functions FN 9 to FN 12 you can compare one parameter with another para meter or with a given number e g a maximum value Depending on the result of this comparison a jump to a certain label in the program can be programmed conditional jump if the programmed IF condition is fulfilled a jump is performed if the condition is not fulfilled the next block following IF will be executed 23 Q2 50 24 LBL 30 25Q1 Q1 1 26 IF Q1 LT Q2 GOTO lf you write a program call behind the called LBL 30 program Program calls are for example PGM CALL or cycle 12 27 L Z200 28 L X 20 Y 20 Examples Decision criteria A parameter is equal to a value or a second para meter e g Q1 Q2 or in the example Q1 has the value 360 000 FN 9 IF Q1 EQU 360 GOTO LBL 30 FN 10 IF Q1 NE Q2 GOTO LBL 2 A parameter is not equal to a value or a second parameter e g QI Q2 A parameter is greater than a value or a second parameter e g Q1 gt Q2 Also possible greater than zero i e positive FN 11 IF Q1 GT 360 GOTO LBL 17 A parameter is less than a value or a second para meter e g Q1 lt Q2 Also possible less than zero i e negative FN 12 IF Q1 LT Q2 GOTO LBL 3 You can aiso program unconditional jumps to a label with the parameter functions FN 9 to FN 12 Example Decision criterion FN 9 IF 0 EQU 0 GOTO LB
123. ne parameters can be accessed by the machine operator with this MOD function These user parameters are defined by the machine manufacturer he may be contacted for more information A code number can be entered with this MOD function 123 select the user parameters These user parameters are accessible on all controls see User parameters HEIDENHAIN General Information TNC 306 m Change mm inch Position displays HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 MOD Functions Position displays The MOD function Change mm inch determines whether the control displays positions in the metric system mm or in the inch system You switch between the mm and inch systems via the ENT key After pressing this key the control switches to the other system You can recognize whether the control is dis playing in mm or inches by the number of digits behind the decimal point X15 789 mm display X 0 6216 inch display The following position displays can be selected nominal position of the control NOML difference nominal actual position lag distance LAG actual position ACTL remaining distance to programmed position DIST position based on the machine datum REF A last programmed position starting position B new programmed target position which ts presently targeted W Workpiece datum for the part program M Machine datum Switchover is with the ENT key General Information
124. nes can only be deleted in the PROGRAMMING AND EDITING operating mode After deletion the line with the next lower number appears in the current line The following numbers are corrected automatically The current line is to be deleted Ei Delete block Delete file To delete file sections call the last line of the section that you wish to delete section Then continue pressing DEL O until all blocks in the definition or program section are deleted Clear entry You can clear numerical inputs with the CE key A zero appears in the highlighted field after error message pressing the CE key Non blinking error messages can also be cleared with the CE key Ea An entered value and the address are completely cleared with NO ENT HEIDENHAIN 7 l Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P5 File Management Creating a file selecting an existing file You create files and select stored files by first ba pressing the PGM NR key program number A table with the files NC programs erosion para meter tables and datum tables stored in the TNC appears on the screen The program number last selected is highlighted The program length in characters is given after the program number You can select the desired file either via the cursor keys or by entering its number lf the selected file number does not yet exist a new file is created Creating a file To create new files NC programs erosion parame
125. ng mode Error messages Preceding block Current block Next block Eroding parameters Machining time Status display Guideline for procedure from preliminary operations lt to workpiece machining Operating Cross reference mode Sequence Page 1 Select electrode Workpiece drawing i 2 Set datum for workpiece machining Workpiece coordinates A19 3 Switch on machine Machine operating manual 4 Traverse reference points Switch on M1 homing the machine With electrode Datum setting with datum setting and compensation probe functions of workpiece misalignment Back fold out page program example Programming and editing Test program Test run P112 without axis movements Graphic program simulation E Test graphics without axis movements gt Program run Program run Optimize program if necessary Editing functions device Programming and editing 7 Enter program by keying in or from external storage Test run without electrode in single block mode Program run single block Programming and editing Insert electrode and machine workpiece Program run automatic program run Program run Full sequence Operating Panel TNC 306 Machine Operating Modes Manual operation Electronic handwheel Positioning with manual data input Program run Single block test graphics Program run Full sequence test graphics Programming Modes Programming and edit
126. ng with the L key you must press the P key to enter positions in polar coordinates For dimensions which are referenced to a rotational axis in some way such as bolt hole circles or cams programming is usually easier in polar coordinates than in Cartesian coordinates because calculations are avoided Third Cartesian in an LP block a third Cartesian coordinate can be entered in the tool axis besides the polar radius PR coordinate and the polar angle PA in the working plane e g LP PR 40 PA 200 IZ 10 RR Range for Input range for linear interpolation absolute or incremental 360 to 360 polar angle PA PA positive counterclockwise angle PA negative clockwise angle Example Eroding an inside contour Program TOOL DEF 2 L 0 R2 TOOL CALL 2 Z U 0 5 CC X 50 Y 60 Set POLE L X 15 Y 50 ROF1000 Approach starting point externally Cartesian coordi nates L Z 5 M36 Plunge LP PR 40 PA 180 RR Approach 1 contour point with compensa tion polar coordi nates LP IPA 60 2 contour point LP PA 60 LP IPA 60 Last contour point L X 85 Y 50 RO M37 Depart from contour cancel compensation L Z 50 RO FMAX M2 Retract HEIDENHAIN A Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P he Ie Circular arc AIP D Range for polar angle PA Example Program Page P44 Polar Coordinates Circular path CP If the target point on the arc is programmed in polar coordinates you only have to enter the polar angle P
127. nge power for finishing and low power for fine finishing or polishing The power stages must be programmed in decreasing sequence with an increment of 1 The required power stage can be selected by the Q parameter Q99 see also the section Parametric Programming LV Low voltage current At low erosion voltages the current can be programmed in up to 100 stages Your machine tool builder can provide you with more information on this parameter HV High voltage current At high erosion voltages the current can be programmed in up to 10 stages Your machine tool builder can provide you with more information on this parameter GV Gap voltage In order to achieve optimum results the erosion gap must be set according to the machining task The correct gap is achieved with the aid of the gap nominal value GV and is maintained throughout the erosion process by the gap control Small gap voltages result in a high stock removal rate An excessively small GV however can result in process defects such as short circuiting and arcing T ON and TF Pulse on duration Pulse off duration The pulse on duration T ON defines the time in which the generator is switched on for a spark with subsequent electrical discharge The pulse off duration TF defines the time in which the generator is off During this time the gap is flushed and deionized The ratio of pulse on to pulse off time also called the puise duty cycle determines the type o
128. nitiate the dialog emer CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE RADIUS E e function TOOL AXIS Z B Enter another tool axis if required Select Radius ring gauge RADIUS RING GAUGE 10 a n a ae Eei of the ring gauge Traverse approximately to the center of the ring gauge Select the traversing direction of the electrode only necessary if you prefer a certain sequence or the exclusion of one probing direction xT j gt Ma Probe a total of 4 times After contacting the wall of the ring gauge four times the control automatically Switches to the Manual operation or Handwheel operating modes Display You can display the value for effective radius by selecting Calibration effective radius again Error TOUCH POINT INACCESSIBLE messages The short circuit signal did not occur within the measuring distance nahe parameter aris Machine Operating Modes Rare a TNC 306 Functions Measuring distances Measuring positions Measured value HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Setup Reference surface Position measurement The position of a surface on the clamped work piece is determined with the probing function Surface datum Setting the reference plane Measuring positions Measuring distances You can also measure distances on an aligned workpiece Probe the first position and set the datum e g 0 mm Probe the second position The distance can be read in the D
129. nition L X 50 Y 50 Z 0 L Z 5 M36 Tool call l Positioning Erosion As a result of the tool compensation the control moves the too to X 40 Y 50 and Z 5 HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes a6 Coordinate Transformations Cycle 7 Datum shift Datums within the part program The cycle You can program a datum shift also called a zero offset to any point within a part program The manually set absolute workpiece datum remains unchanged Thus identical machining steps e g subpro grams can be executed at different positions on the workpiece without having to reenter the pro gram section each time Combining with If a datum shift is to be combined with other other coordinate transformations the shift has to be made before transformations the other transformations This enables you to machine a part or detail at different locations with a transformed geometry e g mirrored enlarged or reduced rotated Effect For a datum shift definition only the coordinates of the new datum are to be entered An active datum shift is displayed in the status field All coordinate inputs then refer to the new datum Incremental In the cycle definition the coordinates can be absolute entered as absolute or incremental dimensions Absolute The coordinates of the new datum refer to the manually set workpiece datum Refer to the center figure e incremental The coordinates of the new datum refer to the last
130. o unit The axis of control is selected at the machine control panel The portable HR 330 electronic handwheel in cludes keys for axis selection axis direction rapid traverse and emergency stop General Information Page A11 Selecting Terminating Vacant memory Baud rate RS 232 C interface NC software number PLC software number User parameters Code number Page A12 MOD Functions In addition to the main operating modes the TNC has supplementary operating modes or so called MOD functions These permit additional displays and settings Initiate the dialog Select MOD functions either via arrow keys or via the MOD key oniy paging forward possible POSITION DATA BE m LIMIT X 350 000 Terminate supplementary operating mode Transfer numerical inputs with the ENT key before terminating the MOD functions The number of free characters in the program memory is displayed with the MOD function VACANT MEMORY The transfer rate for the data interface is specified with BAUD RATE The data interfaces can be switched via RS 232 C interface to the following operating modes with the ENT key ME operation FE 1 operation EXT operation operation with other external devices The software number of the TNC control is displayed with this MOD function The software number of the integrated PLC is displayed with this MOD function Up to 16 machi
131. of the control in the Programming and editing mode of operation Data transfer must be started from the control Files are best transferred in a blockwise manner using the FE 1 transfer mode and the FE 401B floppy disk unit or the HEIDENHAIN data transfer software Selecting the The menu items in the transfer menu are selected transfer menu Exiting the transfer menu and functions Read in Read out interrupt data transfer END Erasing files Page P 116 by pressing the cursor keys and pressing ENT All transfer menus can be exited at any time by pressing END C1 The first four menu items are for importing and exporting files Selecting the read in function calls an external file directory to screen EXT FILES the read out function calls the internal file directory INT FILES PROGRAMMING AND EDITING READ OUT ALL PROGRAMS READ IN ALL PROGRAMS READ OUT SELECTED PROGRAM CLEAR SELECTED PROGRAM FURTHER FUNCTIONS READ OUT SELECTED PROGRAM OUTPUT ENT 0 D 432 10 H 74 R 505 H 80 H 910 E 911 E Data transfer can be interrupted at any time by pressing END 2 An interruption releases the error message PROGRAM INCOMPLETE Selecting the Clear selected program function calls the external file directory to screen Use the cursor keys to select the unwanted file then press ENT Programming Modes C PGM TNC 306 0 D 10 H 505 H 80 H 910 E 911 E HEI
132. oints from the workpiece to the electrode after the French mathematician Ren Descartes in Latin Renatus Cartesius 1596 1650 HEIDENHAIN G l inf ti Page TNC 306 eneral information A19 Coordinates Datum Relative Part programs are always written with workpiece tool based coordinates X Y Z That is they are writ movement ten as if the tool moves and the workpiece remains still independent of the machine type If however the work support on a given machine actually moves in any axis then the direction of the coordinate axis and the direction of traverse will be opposite in such a case the machine axes are designated as X Y and Z Zero point of For the zero point of the coordinate system the coordinate the position on the workpiece which corresponds system to the datum of the part drawing is generally chosen that is the point to which the part dimensioning is referenced For reasons of safety the workpiece datum in the Z axis is almost always positioned at the highest point on the workpiece The datum position indicated in the drawing to the right is valid for all programming examples in this manual Machining operations in a horizontal plane require freedom of movement mainly in the positive X and Y directions Infeeds starting from the upper edge of the workpiece Z 0 correspond to nega tive position values Datum Setting The workpiece based rectangular coordinate syst
133. on is executed is always one more than the pro grammed number of repeats EXCESSIVE SUBPROGRAMMING A jump was programmed incorrectly 1 No REP value was entered for a program section repeat If no response is given to the query REP by pressing the NO ENT key the program section is treated like a Subprogram without a correct ending LBL 0 the label number is called 8 times During program run or a test run the error message appears on the screen after the 8 repetition 2 The subprogram was programmed without LBL O for an intended subprogram call Programming Modes oes Jumping Within a Program Program section repeats Setting the program label Repeating a program section after LBL Example bolt hole row Program Nesting of repetitions Page P 60 Example Hne cau 1 Je 6 Je The illustrated bolt hole row with 7 identical holes is to be eroded with a program section repeat The tool is pilot positioned offset to the left by the hole center distance before starting the repeat to simplify programming TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R24 TOOL CALL 1 Z U 0 1 L X 7 Y 10 Z 2 RO FMAX M3 LBL 1 LIX 15 FMAX LZ 10 M36 LZ 2 FMAX M37 CALL LBL 1 REP 6 The main program is executed until the jump to LBL 17 CALL LBL 17 The program section between LBL 17 and CALL LBL 17 is repeated twice The control then resumes the main program run until the jump to LBL 15 CALL LBL 15 The program sect
134. operation is executed the contents of Q5 are retained FIRST VALUE OR PARAMETER Page f HEIDENHAIN P94 Programming Modes TNC 306 Parametric Programming Algebraic functions FN 0 This function assigns a parameter either a Example Assignment numerical value or another parameter FN 0 Q5 65 432 The assignment corresponds to an equal sign Q5 Q12 Q5 Q13 FN 1 This function defines a certain parameter to be FN 1 Q17 Q2 45 Addition the sum of two parameters two numbers or one parameter and one number Ql7 4 5 7 Q17 5 Q12 Q17 Q4 Q8 Q17 Q17 Q17 FN 2 This function defines a certain parameter to be FN 2 Q11 5 Q34 Subtraction the difference between two parameters two numbers or one parameter and one number Ql 5 7 Qil 5 Q12 Q11 Q4 Q8 Q11 Q11 Q11 FN 3 This function defines a certain parameter to be FN 3 Q21 Q1 60 Multiplication the product of two parameters two numbers or one parameter and one number Q21 5 7 Q21 5 Q12 Q21 Q4 Q8 Q21 Q21 Q21 FN 4 This function defines a certain parameter to be FN 4 Q12 Q2 DIV 62 Division the quotient of two parameters two numbers or one parameter and one number Q17 5 DIV 7 Q17 5 DIV Q12 Division by O is not possible Q17 Q4 DIV Q8 FN 5 This function defines a certain parameter to be FN 5 Q98 SQRT 2 Square root the square root of one parameter or one number The oper
135. opment of user specific erosion cycles With Q parameters and the disk cycle you can program for example conical or spherical cavities see section Parametric Programming The disk cycle is effective as soon as it is defined The following items must therefore be programmed before calling and defining the disk cycle e Tool call tool axis tool compensation undersize e Positioning to the start position S disk center Entering the erosion axis e g Z identifies the axis for the programmed total cavity depth The working direction of erosion is defined by the algebraic sign of the entered value Positive working direction Negative working direction The depth can be entered as either an absolute or incremental value ee EEA ITAA PN aA T haa AANA tcl NATE AA e EEEE ERED ESE The disk cycle accepts miscellaneous functions e g M36 erosion on The expansion radius RAD is the distance by which the electrode is fed away from the disk center The electrode radius Re must be greater than the expansion radius RAD Otherwise the pocket will be incompletely machined nd Formula l ones UM UNS 2 RAD since UM D 2Re it follows that D UNS RAD 5 Re 5 RAD Expansion radius UM Electrode undersize UNS Minimum undersize D Disk diameter Re Electrode radius Programming Modes fi RC Erosion Cycles Cycle 17 Disk Ea Mode The value between 0 and 7 programme
136. ordinates changes the last radius Example LP IPR 10 An incremental polar coordinate angle IPA refers to the last direction angle Example LP PA 15 Absolute and incremental coordinates may be mixed within one block Example LP PR 50 IPA 15 HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P41 Sood OF Polar Coordinates Pole Poie The pole must be specified with CC before cc entering polar coordinates The pole can be set anywhere in the program prior to using polar coordinates The pole is programmed in absolute or incremen tal Cartesian coordinates CC absolute the pole is referenced to the work piece datum CC incrementai the pole is referenced to the last programmed nominal tool position ACC block is programmed with the coordinates of the machining plane Example CC X 60 Y 30 Transferring The last programmed position is transferred as the pole the pole Program an empty CC block Directly transferring the pole in this manner ts especially well suited for polygon shapes with polar dimensions see illustration below Example L X 26 Y 30 CC POLE 1 LP PR 17 PA 45 CC POLE 2 LP PR 18 IPA 35 Modal A pole definition remains valid in a program until effect it is Overwritten with another definition The same pole therefore need not be programmed repeat edly Page HEIDENHAIN P42 Programming Modes TNC 306 gt L Polar Coordinates Straight line LP P After openi
137. proach with Corner e g approach with a e g approach with e g approach with e g approach with Rounding radius Point Tangent forming point Tangential entry End point of circular arc Page p ina Mod HEIDENHAIN P34 rogramming Modes TNC 306 a Circle center CC Approaching the starting point Radius Circle C Direction of rotation Tool axis coordinate HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Circular Movement Cartesian CC C CC has two functions 1 Specifying the circle center for circular arcs to be programmed with C 2 Defining the pole for polar coordinates The circle center CC must be programmed before circular interpolation with C The CC coordinates remain valid until changed by new CC coordinates There are three methods for programming CC The circle center CC is directly defined by Carte sian coordinates The coordinates last programmed in a CC block define the circle center The current position is taken as CC with NO ENT or END D without numerical input This is also possible for positions programmed in polar coordinates The dialog for the circle center is initiated with the CC key CC absolute the circle center is based on the work datum CC incremental the circle center is based on the too position last programmed CC produces no movement Approach the starting point for the circular arc before the C b
138. program has been processed the machined workpiece can be displayed in plan view view in three planes or 3D view The workpiece center is shown in the plan view with up to 7 different shades the lower the contour the darker the shade The view in three planes shows the workpiece as in drafting with a plan view and two sections The sectional planes can be moved via the cursor keys The view in three planes can be switched from the German to the English preferred projection via a machine parameter A symbol in conformance to ISO 6433 indicates the type of projection European preferred 46 American preferred OF GRAPHICS SELECTION ENT ENO NOENT SD UIEW IMAGE DATA PROCESSING 3 a THREE PLANES PLAN VIEW Programming Modes ae Test Graphics 3D view The program is simulated in a three dimensional view ea gt The displayed workpiece can be rotated by 90 with each activation of the horizontal cursor keys The orientation is indicated by an angle _ 0 180 oe 90 M 270 AAN 4 SN eee Ud Nene LAs lf the height to side proportion is between 0 5 and 50 the type of display can be changed with the vertical cursor keys You can switch between a scaled and non scaled view The short height or side is shown with a better resolution in the nonscaled view The dimensions of the angle indi cator change to a show the disproportion Magnifying You can magnify a detail of the
139. quired when changing earlier specifica tions The starting point of the arc must be approached in the preceding block In the CR block the endpoint can only be pro grammed with Cartesian coordinates The distance between starting and end point of the arc must not exceed 2 x R With CR full circles can be programmed in 2 blocks There are two geometric solutions for connecting two points with a defined radius see figure depending on the size of the central angle B The smaller arc 1 has a central angle B lt 180 the larger arc 2 has a central angle B gt 180 Enter a positive radius to program the smaller arc B lt 180 The sign is automatically generated To program the larger arc B gt 180 enter the radius as a negative value The maximum definable radius 30 m Arcs up to 99 m can be produced with para metric programming Depending on the allocation of radius compensa tion RL RR the rotating direction determines whether the circle curves inward concave or Outward convex In the adjacent figure DR produces a convex contour element DR a concave contour ele ment Programming Modes ease ii Circular Movement Cartesian amp amp Corner rounding RND RND has two functions rounding of corners if RND is in the contour i soft approach and departure from the contour if RND is at the start or end of the contour Circular arc Contou
140. r corners can be rounded with arcs The ma circle connects tangentially with the preceding and succeeding contour A rounding arc can be inserted at any corner formed by the intersection of the following con tour elements straight line straight line straight line circle or circle straight line circle circle 3 Prerequisites Rounding is completely defined by the RND block and the points A positioning block con g taining both coordinates of the machining plane should be programmed before and after the RND block The RL RR RO compensation must be iden tical before and after the RND block Note The rounding arc can only be executed in the machining plane The machining plane must be the same in the positioning block before and after the rounding block The rounding radius cannot be too large or too small for inside corners it must fit between the contour elements and be machinable with the Current tool Programming The rounding arc is programmed as a separate block following the corner to be rounded Enter the rounding radius and a reduced feed rate F if needed The corner point itself is not The electrode radius can be larger than the approached rounding radius on outside corners Error messages PLANE WRONGLY DEFINED The electrode radius must be smaller than or The machining planes are not identical before equal to the rounding radius on inside corners and afte
141. r the RND block ROUNDING RADIUS TOO LARGE The rounding is geometrically impossible HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P37 RND Circular Miovement Cartesian eho Corner rounding RND input RND ue 8 a Rounding radius Program block RND 8 Examples TOOL DEF 1 L 0R5S TOOL CALL 1 Z U 0 1 Sequence A L X 10 Y 60 RL M36 Position L X 50 Y 60 Corner point RND 7 Rounding L X 90 Y 50 Position Sequence B L X 10 Y 60 RR M36 Position L X 50 Y 60 Corner point RND 7 Rounding L X 90 Y 50 Position bs Programming Modes Bison 7 Circular arc CT we Geometry Prerequisites Tangent Circular arc CT Coordinates Error messages Tool axis coordinate HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 The endpoint of the circular path can be pro Circular Movement Cartesian Tangential arc CT A circular arc can be programmed more easily if it connects tangentially to the preceding contour The circular arc is defined by merely entering the arc endpoint with the CT key An arc with tangential connection to the contour is exactly defined by its endpoint This arc has a specific radius a specific direction of rotation and a specific center This data need not therefore be programmed The contour element which connects tangentially to the circle is programmed immediately before the tangential arc Both coordinates of the same machining plane must be programmed in the block
142. r with GOTO O The cycle definitions can be entered in the dialog after pressing ENT Cycles must be called after moving the tool to the appropriate position only then will the last defined cycle be executed There are three ways to call a cycle e With a separate CYCL CALL block Via the miscellaneous function M99 CYCL CALL and M99 are only effective blockwise and must therefore be reprogrammed for every execution Via the miscellaneous function M89 depending on machine parameters M89 is effective modally i e the last programmed cycle is called at every subsequent positioning block M89 is cancelled or cleared by M99 or by CYCL CALL Coordinate transformations and the dwell time are effective immediately and remain effective until changed B HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes a TNC 306 Erosion Cycles Cycle 1 Generator Input data Erosion table P TAB Number by which the required erosion parameter table can be called with M36 erosion on Highest and lowest power stage MAX and MIN Numbers of the highest and lowest power stages needed for the following machining task Description The generator cycle selects the erosion parameters of the highest defined power stage to begin the fol lowing machining task With the parameter Q99 the power stage can be changed within the defined range If you are using erosion tables you must program the generator cycle before beginning the erosion p
143. ram as often as wanted and in any 21 CYCL CALL M sequence ae 23 L IX 10 M99 24 CALL LBL 2 REP 5 5 25 LBL 0 26 END PGM 1 MM When the subprogram is called with LBL CALL the NO ENT key must be pressed after the dialog query REPEAT REP appears A subprogram can be called at any Poe in the main program but not from within the same subprogram The control executes the main program until the subprogram call performed CALL LBL 1 Subprogram 1 is processed until label O end LX Y Then the return jump to the main program follows The main program is resumed with the block following the subprogram call Subprograms should be placed after the main program behind M2 or M30 for the sake of clarity If a subprogram is placed within the main program it is also executed once during program run without being called lf a subprogram call is programmed incorrectly e g an end of subprogram lacks LBL O or a value for REPEAT REP was entered the error message EXCESSIVE SUBPROGRAMMING appears Programming Modes oo Jumping Within a Program Subprograms Entry BEGIN PGM 1 MM example i Subprogam 2 Subprogram 2 is called from within the main program S Fes Conclude with NO ENT L Z100 FMAX M2 Retract and return jump to start LBL 2 Start of subprogram 2 LBL 0 End of subprogram 2 END PGM 1 MM End of main program Example A group of four holes is to be programmed as subprogram 1 an
144. ram blocks Programs can be transferred from the TNC to diskette or vice versa Programs written at off line programming stations can also be stored on diskette with the FE 401 and read into the control as needed A second diskette drive is provided for backing up stored programs and for copying purposes Specifications FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit with two drives Data medium 3 1 2 inch diskette double sided 135 TPI Storage capacity approx 790 KB 25000 blocks max 256 programs Data interface Two RS 232 C V 24 data interfaces Transfer rate TNC interface 2400 9600 19 200 38 400 baud PRT interface 110 150 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 baud Data transfer HEIDENHAIN offers the following data transfer software software TNC EXE For blockwise transfer from the TNC to a PC and vice versa FE EXE For formatting floppy disks for the FE 401 floppy disk unit for copying and erasing programs FDE EXE For data transfer from the FE 401 to a PC and vice versa Specifications HEIDENHAIN data transfer software can be run on DOS compatible PCs Page HEIDENHAIN A10 General Information TNC 306 Handwheel HR 130 HR 330 HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Accessories HR 130 HR 330 Electronic Handwheels The contro can be equipped with an electronic 2 handwheel for better machine setup Two versions of the electronic handwheel are available The HR 130 electronic handwheel is designed to be incorporated into the machine contr
145. rection button e g X pressed once Axis direction button pressed twice Entering the Set operating mode and initiate the dialog jog increment Select Jog increment dialog JOG INCREMENT 1 a Enter the jog increment e g 2 mm en Confirm entry JOG INCREMENT 2 x or another axis button The axis is driven by the entered jog increment HEIDENHAIN Page Machine Operating Modes TNC 306 M 18 Positioning with Manual Data Input Tool call C axis Rotational speed of C axis You must first define i e enter the dimensions of a tool before you can call it with TOOL CALL in the Positioning with MDI operating mode A tool is defined via TOOL DEF in the part program The concepts TOOL DEF and TOOL CALL are defined in the chapter Programming Modes under Tool definition TOOL Initiate dialog Example Tool call TOOL NUMBER _ Enter tool number Confirm entry Select the tool axis WORKING TOOL AXIS X Y Z TIV z Enter tool axis e g Z Tool undersize TOOL UNDERSIZE DIAMETER Enter tool undersize Confirm entry Following electrode FOLW ELECTRODE YES ENT NO NOENT H if no press NOENT BLOCK COMPLETE Suu Sisaiool call Se gee Machine Operating Modes e Positioning with Manual Data Input Positioning to entered coordinates In the operating mode Positioning with manual data input single axis positioning blocks can be
146. right of the programmed contour Re press the RR key Display RR R If the electrode is to travel at the distance of the radius to the left of the programmed contour RL press the RL key Display RL If the previous compensation should remain effective modal press the NO ENT key Display R Eg Page i p Z Programming Modes HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Electrode Path Compensation Working with radius compensation Starting Change the electrode and call the compensation point RO values with TOOL CALL Traverse rapidly to the starting point At the same time lower Z to the working depth if danger of collision first traverse in X Y then separately in Z This compensates for the elec trode length The radius compensation still remains switched off with RO 1 contour Traverse to contour point with radius compen point RL RR sation RL RR at reduced feed rate Machining Program the following contour points to at around the erosion feed rate contour Since the RL RR asignment remains constant the associated dialog queries can be skipped with NO ENT or END O Last contour After a complete circulation the last contour point RL RR point is identical to the first contour point and is still radius compensated End point The end point outside the contour must be pro RO grammed without compensation RO for complete machining To prevent collisions only
147. rocess M36 The cycle is not needed if erosion tables are not being used After the generator cycle is run in the Program run single block and Program run full sequence operating modes the highest and lowest defined power stages are shown beneath the position display e g NR 24 10 If you are not using erosion parameter tables be sure to regard the Q parameters Q90 to Q99 lf you are using tables the Q parameters Q96 to Q255 apply see also the section Parametric Programming Electrode Operating mode undersize Initiate the dialog DEF CYCL DEF 1 GENERATOR Coniim selecton Number of the required erosion parameter table Confirm entry ERODING TABLE POWER STAGE MAX Highest power stage Confirm entry POWER STAGE MIN a Lowest power stage Confirm entry HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P E introduction Overview Page P 66 it processes them internally SV AJD and ET a a Erosion Parameter Tables Erosion parameters Unitke milling and other conventional machining methods spark erosion is strongly influenced by many process variables called erosion parameters The erosion parameter values must change PARAMETER TABLE 388 depending on the combination of tool and work POWER STAGE NUMBER piece materials or the type of machining for example roughing or finishing Parameter tables simplify your work by grouping these diverse values according to specific
148. rom the datum table 0 D The cycle In addition to datum shifting within a part pro gram it is also possible to take datum points from a separate datum table i Datum tables are especially helpful with frequently repeating machining sequences or frequent use of the same datum shift Absolute The datum points from the datum table are effec tive with their coordinates as absolute values and remain so until a new datum is called A datum can be shifted in one of two ways depending on MP 7411 lf MP 7411 0 The coordinate system is shifted by the values in the axes lf MP 7411 1 The coordinate system is shifted by the values in the axes X Y and Z However a datum shift in a rotary axis also rotates the coordinate system of the corresponding working plane The datum shift always precedes the rotation Cancelling The datum shift can be cancelled either the shift in the conventional way in the datum table see following page Datum table To activate the Enter the datum table as program number O in the program directory PGM NR datum table To insert lines Use the CYCL DEF key to insert additional lines Each line is automatically given a sequential number To erase lines Use the cursor keys to select the unwanted table and press DEL U1 _ Editing function To jump to a certain datum press GOTO O and enter the datum number Use GOTO C and the cursor keys to jump to the beginning or end of tables
149. st hole in X Y rapid traverse 10 LZ 2 FMAX 7 Pre positioning in Z 11 LZ 10 M36 Sink erosion on 12 L Z 2 F1000 M37 Retract in Z erosion off 13 END PGM 28 MM End of program Programming Modes jae Linear Movement Cartesian Cham yer Chamfer A chamfer can be programmed for contour cor ners formed by the intersection of two straight lines The angle between the two straight lines can be arbitrary Prerequisites A chamfer is completely defined by the points and the chamfer block A positioning block containing both coordinates of the machining plane should be programmed before and after a chamfer block The compensation RL RR RO must be identical before and after the chamfer block A contour cannot be started with a chamfer A chamfer can only be executed in the machining plane The machining plane in the positioning block before and after the chamfer block must therefore be the same The chamfer length must not be too long or too short at inside corners the chamfer must fit between the contour elements and also be machineable with the chosen tool The previously programmed feed rate remains effective for the chamfer Programming Program a chamfer as a separate block Only enter the chamfer length no coordinates The corner point itself ts not traversed Entering B E the chamfer 4 L chamfer length Program block L4 Example TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R10 TOOL CALL 1 Z U 0 1 L X 0 Y 50 RL F300
150. table 0 D Both M functions become effective at the beginning of the NC block The parameters Q80 to Q84 receive the following information Q80 Datum number in the datum table 0 D Q81 Coordinate value in the X axis Q82 Coordinate value in the Y axis Q83 Coordinate value in the Z axis Q84 Coordinate value in the IV axis You wish to move the axes X Y and Z in a straight line to the coordinate values filed under the datum number D 4 FNO Q80 4 Define the datum number L X Q8I Y Q82 Z Q83 R0 M38 You wish to transfer the uncompensated measured values for the X Y Z and IV axes from the program mable probe function Reference plane to the datum table 0 D under the datum number D 5 see also the section Programmed Probing TCH PROBE0 0 REF PLANE Qi0 Z Probe with the Z axis in negative direction and TCH PROBE 0 1 X 0 Y 0 Z 10 move to the starting position FNO Q80 5 Define the datum number FNO Q81 Q115 Copy the uncompensated measured values for X FNO Q82 Q116 Y Z and IV to the transfer parameters Q81 to Q84 FNO Q83 Q117 FNO Q84 Q118 M39 Transfer the uncompensated measured values of the probe to the datum table 0 D if under parameter Q80 a datum number that does not exist in the datum table is addressed with the M function M38 or M39 this is answered with the error message DATUM NOT DEFINED If you try to use M function M39 to transfer values to the datum table O D and th
151. table Also for the starting point Optimal Lies on the extension of the compensated path Not recommended Contour damage Not permitted Radius compensation must be switched off after departure from the contour RO llustration Common For a common starting and end point select programmed path Starting and point on the bisecting line of the angle traversed electrode center path end point between the first and last contour element HEIDENHAIN p Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P 51 Contour Approach and Departure starting and end position Approach The starting position must be programmed without radius compensation i e with RO The contro guides the electrode in a straight line from the uncompensated position to the com pensated position of contour point The elec trode center is then located perpendicular to the start of the first radius compensated contour ele ment Departure At a transition from RL RR to RO the control posi tions the electrode center in the last radius com pensated block RL perpendicular to the end of the last contour section Then the next uncompensated position is approached with RO Approaching lf radius compensation ts begun from S1 the from an electrode will damage the contour at the first unsuitable contour point if no extra measures are taken position Departure The same applies when departing from the contour Page HEID
152. ter tables datum tables proceed as follows PGM NA Initiate the dialog oe NR PROGRAM SELECTION ei ie highlight to program _ Enter the program number PROGRAM NUMBER a a the datum table has the number 0 and confirm entry ENT HNC NO ENT for programs in HEIDENHAIN conversational dialog MM ENT INCH NO ENT for dimensions in mm or for dimensions in inch ENT ERODING TABLE NO ENT H for erosion parameter tables Example display 0 BEGIN PGM 96231 MM 1 END PGM 96231 MM Selecting an All existing files can be edited and NC programs tested displayed graphically and executed regardiess of existing program the selected type of programming Initiate the dialog PROGRAM SELECTION Place the highlighted field on PROGRAM NUMBER aie En the desired program number Enter the program number Example display 0 BEGIN PGM 7645 MM 1 BLK FORM Z X 0 Y 0 Z 40 2 BLK FORM X 100 Y 100 Z 0 F e Programming Modes a ERC aT Program protection Activating edit protection Erasing a program Program directory EPROM HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 File Management Program protection erasure Program directory EPROM After creating a program you can designate it as erase and edit protected The file is then marked with a P protected in the file directory and at the start and end of the program Protected files can be executed and viewed but not changed A protected program c
153. terrupt program run Page M 22 Program Run Checking Changing Q parameters You can check and if necessary change Q parameters during program run or after interrupting program run Q O Select and check the desired parameter Terminate Q parameter display or a change the parameter and confirm If you wish to interrupt program run before checking the Q parameters you must first enter the following data D Stop program run by pressing the machine STOP button soe Interrupt program run Q parameters can be changed during a program run for erosion without erosion parameter tables A program run must be interrupted to change Q parameters for erosion with parameter tables Machine Operating Modes HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Programming during program execution Starting the part program Parallel operating mode programming and editing Screen display Terminating the parallel operating mode HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Program Run Background programming While a part program is being executed in the Program run full sequence operating mode another program can in the Programming and editing mode be simultaneously either edited or transferred via the data interface RS 232 C V 24 This parallel operation is especially advantageous for long programs with little operator activity A program cannot be run and edited at the same time x PSM Initiate the dialog PROGRAM NUMBER E Select
154. the C axis is moved by pressing the axis direction button the rotational speed will be adjusted to the programmed feed rate Programming Modes Neate Miscellaneous functions M Miscellaneous Miscellaneous functions can be programed to regulate certain machine functions e g rotation of C functions axis to control program run and to influence tool movements The miscellaneous functions are com M prised of the address M and a code number according to ISO 6983 All of the M functions from MOO to M99 can be used Certain M functions become effective at the start of block e g M36 Erosion on i e before move ment and others become effective at the end of block e g MOY fiushing off A list of alt M functions with their effects as determined by the control can be found inside the back cover Only a certain number of these M functions are effective on a given machine Some machines may employ additional non standard M functions not defined by the control M functions are normally programmed in positioning blocks L C etc However M functions can also be programmed without positioning stor Via the STOP key or by initiating the dialog with the L key and skipping the queries with NO ENT up to address M Erosion functions MO3 Free rotation of the C axis in clockwise direction CW M04 Free rotation of the C axis in counterclockwise direction CCW MOBS C axis stop M08 Flushing on MO
155. the numeric keypad with a decimal point or decimal comma selec table via machine parameter and sign key You need not enter preceding or succeeding zeroes You can enter the sign before during or after the entering the number Programming Modes Aee Conversational Programming D Editing functions Editing The term editing means entering changing supplementing and checking programs The editing functions are helpful in selecting and changing program blocks and words and they become effective at the touch of a key Selecting The current block stands between two horizontal lines a block A specific block is selected with GOTO O GOTO Initiate the dialog m GOTO NUMBER a Key in and confirm the block number Paging through Vertical cursor keys the program Select the next lower or next higher block number Hold down a vertical cursor key to continuously run through the program lines inserting You can insert new blocks anywhere in existing programs Just call the block which is to precede the a block new block The block numbers of the subsequent blocks are automatically increased lf the program storage capacity is exceeded this is reported at dialog initiation with the error message PROGRAM MEMORY EXCEEDED This error message also appears if program end PGM END block is selected You should then select a lower block number Editing words Horizontal cursor keys The highlighted field is moved within the
156. the work piece on a straight line with simultaneous move ment of all three machine axes it is called a 3D Straight line 3D movements are required to generate oblique planes and bodies Page l HEIDENHAIN P26 Programming Modes TNC 306 Positioning Example tool definition call Positioning block complete input main block Abbreviated input HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Linear Movement Cartesian Positioning in rapid traverse The electrode is at the starting point and must travel on a Straight line to target point You always program the target point nominal position of straight lines Position can be entered in Cartesian or polar coordinates The first position in a program must always be entered as an absolute value The following posi tions can also be incremental values rg 1 L 10 R4 5 Electrode 1 has length 10 mm and radius 4 5 mm Krn 1 Z Electrode 1 is called in the spindle axis Z U 1 g Undersize is 1 mm X 50 Y 30 Z 0 Z is traversed with length compensation Only press ENT after all simultaneously traversing axes are entered RO RO is only programmed via ENT F H M36 Rapid traverse movement FMAX erosion on L X 50 Y 30 Z 0 RO F M36 Re entry at tool calls is especially easy if you enter a main block complete positioning block after a tool call Positioning in the XY plane without radius com pensation The electrode is driv
157. tion of the C axis remains the same when one or more axes are mirrored Programming Modes Page P 85 Coordinate Transformations Cycle 8 Mirror image Selecting Initiate the dialog B or 8 the cycie CYCL DEF 8 MIRROR IMAGE Confirm the selected cycle MIRROR IMAGE AXIS x Enter the axis to be mirrored e g X Enter the second axis to be mirrored if applicable e g Y Confirm the axes and always terminate the input with END 0 Example A program section subprogram 1 is to be exe cuted once at position X 0 Y 0 and also mir rored once in X at position X 70 Y 60 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R5 TOOL CALL 1 Z U 0 5 CALL LBL 1 REP Not mirrored Mirrored execution sequence CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM SHIFT Datum shift CYCL DEF 7 1 X 70 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 60 CYCL DEF 8 0 MIRROR IMAGE Mirror image CYCL DEF 8 1 X CALL LBL 1 Subprogram call CYCL DEF 8 0 MIRROR IMAGE Reset mirror image CYCL DEF 8 1 CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM SHIFT Cancel datum shift CYCL DEF 7 1 X 0 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 0 L Z 50 FMAX M02 Retract return jump Subprogram LBL 1 L X 10 Y 10 RO FMAX L Z 2 FMAX L Z 5 M36 L X 0 Y 0 RL L Y 20 L X 25 L X 30 Y 15 L Y 0 L X 0 L X 10 Y 10 RO L Z 2 FMAX M37 LBL 0 Note For correct machining according to the drawing it is absolutely necessary that the sequence of cycles shown in the above execution be retained Page HEIDENHAIN P 86 Programming Modes TNC 306 m The c
158. tion of the nominal and actual position must correspond to the workpiece datum or be brought into correspondence by setting the correct position value the position value determined by the workpiece datum in any axis position This procedure is called datum setting or datum presetting After the contro has been switched off or after a power interruption it is necessary to set the datum again To simplify this task the encoders possess reference marks which in a sense also represent datum points The relationship between axis positions and position values which were established by the last setting of the workpiece datum datum setting are automatically retrieved by traversing over the reference marks after switch on This also re establishes the machine based references such as the software limit switch or tool change position In the case of linear encoders with distance coded reference marks the machine axes need only be traversed by a maximum of 20 mm For angle encoders with distance coded reference marks a rotation of just 20 is required Linear encoders with only one reference mark have an RM label which indicates the position of the reference mark while angle encoders with one reference mark indicate the position with a notch on the shaft al nn I I HART i il Ui il in A il 10 n 0 02 20 Schematic of scale with distance coded reference marks Page General Information A 23 Notes
159. to 113 F Storage 30 C to 70 C 22 F to 158 F eae aes _ HEIDENHAIN enerai intormation TNC 306 Input range exceeded Incompatible contradictory input Machine or control fault HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Error Messages The TNC checks the inputs and status of the control and the machine Cause and behavior of the control The permissible input range has been exceeded e g excessive feed rate The value is not accepted and the error message appears For example L X 50 X 100 During execution of a TEST or during program run the TNC stops before the erroneous block gives an error message and shows number of the block in which the error was found Faults which endanger functional stability are indicated with a blinking error message Write the error message down General information A7 Remedy Clear the value with the CE key enter the correct value and confirm entry Change to the Programming and editing operat ing mode The error can usually be found either in the displayed block number or in a previously executed block Fix the error switch to the Full sequence mode and start program run again Switch off the machine or control Correct the fault if possible Try to restart the program if the program runs the fault was transient lf the same error message is displayed call the repair service of your machine too manufacturer Page Machine
160. try MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS M a Enter miecelanecus incio needed You can skip dialog queries with NO ENT or END O HEIDENHAIN 7 Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P 111 Test Run In the Test run operating mode a machining program is checked for the following errors without machine movement Ww TEST RUN 188 e Overrunning the traversing range of the machine 11 FN 8 Q1 40 illogical entries e g redundant input of one axis 12 FN B Q2 10 Failure to comply with elementary programming rules e g cycle call without a cycle definition 13 FN Q3 28 e Certain geometrical incompatibilities The lowest line on the screen shows the tool 90 00 88 18 608 Y number T1 the tool axis Z the undersize UM 2 16 88 C the feed rate F and the M functions 3 3806 25 1 25 WTG The line above it shows the distance remaining to be eroded WTG for Way To Go T9999 Z UM 0 100 Testing Initiate the dialog the program PROGAM SELECTION Select the program to be tested PROGRAM NUMBER a Key in and transfer the block TO BLOCK NUMBER number up to which the test is to run or H Test the complete program No apparent If the program contains no apparent errors the program test runs until the entered block number is errors reached or a jump is made back to the start of program if no STOP or MO6 was programmed STOP MO6 If a STOP or MO6 was programmed the test can
161. ts to the datum table O D e Datum plane position finding Workpiece center datum e Circle center datum Error messages lf under parameter Q80 a datum number that does not exist in the datum table is addressed with the M functions M38 M39 the following error message is displayed DATUM NOT DEFINED If you attempt to use M39 to transfer values to the datum table 0 D although the table is protected from editing and erasure see chapter File Management the control will display the error message PROTECTED PGM ene aa Machine Operating Modes ee Prerequisite BUC PROBE Probe function Error message Page M 16 Setup Touch points in Cycle 3 Tool definition we In the Manual and Electronic handwheel modes of operation the measured values from the probing functions described below can be transmitted to the tool definition cycle Before starting the probe functions you must define and call the tool with the tool definition cycle in the Program run single block or Program run full sequence mode of operation see chapter Programming Modes section Coordinate Transformations Cycle 3 Tool Definition and Tool call Example 0 BEGIN PGM10 MM 1 CYCL DEF 3 0 TOOL DEF 2 CYCL DEF 3 1 T1 R 0 3 CYCL DEF 3 2 X 0 Y 0 4 CYCL DEF 3 3 Z 0 C 0 5 TOOLCALL1 Z U 0 6 END PGM10 MM After you have defined and called the electrode you can execute the probe fun
162. urements i e length and radius of the electrode are neglected that were acquired with the programmable probing function surface datum Measurement 7 Parameter X axis Q115 Y axis Q116 Z axis Q117 IV axis Q118 Programming Modes Oe acer Task Program Subprogram HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Parametric Programming Example Hole pattern A rotated hole pattern is to be drilled on a surface Example Starting point Q10 40mm Q2 10mm Rotational angle Q3 20 Number of holes Q4 6 Q5 5 Distance X axis Q6 8 Distance Y axis Q7 10 BEGIN PGM 100 MM FN 0 Q1 40 FN 0 Q2 10 FN 0 Q3 20 FN 0 Q4 6 FN 0 Q5 5 FN 0 Q6 8 FN 0 Q7 10 EN 3 Q9 Q4 Q6 CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM SHIFT CYCL DEF 7 1 X Q1 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y Q2 CYCL DEF 10 0 ROTATION CYCL DEF 10 1 ROT Q3 L X 0 Y 0 Z 2 RO LBL 1 FN 0 Q10 Q4 CALL LBL 2 L IY Q7 FN 2 05 Q5 1 FN 11 IF Q5 GT 0 GOTO LBL CYCL DEF 10 0 ROTATION CYCL DEF 10 1 ROT 0 CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM SHIFT CYCL DEF 7 1 X 0 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 0 Z 100 FMAX M02 LBL 2 Z 10 M36 Z 2 FMAX M37 L IX Q6 FN 2 Q10 Q10 1 FN 11 IF Q10 GT 0 GOTO LBL 2 LIX Q9 LBL 0 END PGM 100 MM Programming Modes Generator definition Too definition tool call X coordinate of the starting point Y coordinate of the starting point Rotational angle Number of holes in X Number of holes in Y Distance between holes in X Distance between
163. workpiece datum must be set before machining the work See Datum setting with without probe system Program run In this operating mode the contro executes the part program block by block The program must be single block restarted after every block Program run single block is best used for program test and for the first program run Operating mode Single block Selecting the program Ea Select the program or if the program was already selected o select block 0 0 BEGIN PGM 7225 The first program block is shown in the Sunni line of the program Each program block must be started with the machine START button Starting the run Program run In this operating mode the control executes the machining program until a programmed stop or end of full sequence program occurs Stop functions M02 M30 MOO M06 STOP if assigned a stop function via machine parameter The program run is also stopped if an error message appears You must restart the program to continue after a programmed stop Selecting Operating mode Full sequence the program Select the program and block number as de scribed above Starting the run The program runs continuously until a programmed stop or end of program OCCUTS Feed rate The programmed feed rate can be varied via the feed rate override ERC Machine Operating Modes fer Q parameters Check parameter Change parameter In
164. ycie Activation Rotation Pianes Activating the rotation Cancelling the rotation HEIDENHAIN TNC 306 Coordinate Transformations Cycle 10 Coordinate system rotation The coordinate system can be rotated in the machining piane about the current datum in a program Rotation is effective without being called and is also active in the operating mode Positioning with MDI To rotate the coordinate system you only have to enter the rotation angle ROT XY plane X axis 0 standard YZ plane Y axis 0 ZX plane Z axis 0 All coordinate inputs following the rotation are then referenced to the rotated coordinate system The rotation angle is entered in degrees Input range 360 to 360 absolute or incre mental CYCL DEF 10 0 ROTATION CYCL DEF 10 1 ROT 35 The active rotation angle is indicated by ROT in the status display A rotation is cancelled by entering the rotation angle 0 CYCL DEF 10 0 ROTATION CYCL DEF 10 1 ROT 0 Programming Modes fia Coordinate Transformations 2 wal Cycle 10 Coordinate system rotation Ao aooo j Selecting Initiate the dialog or E the cycle z CYCL DEF 10 ROTATION Confirm the selected cycle ROTATION ANGLE Enter the rotation angle T incremental absolute Example A program section subprogram 1 is to be executed once based on datum X 0 Y 0 5 a second time based on datum X 70 Y 60 TOOL DEF 1 L0 R5
165. you the length compensation to the zero tool j Input Operating mode a a Touch the surface with the zero tool initiate the dialog z Spindie axis e g Z DATUM SET E a Reset to zero QO Also touch the surface with the new tools T or To Operating mode Call a too definition in a program and initiate the dialog TOOL LENGTH L Z Select the tool axis to transfer the tool length Transfer the length compensation TOOL LENGTH L TOOL RADIUS R Genter the radius HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 306 Programming Modes P13 Electrode Path Compensation Entering RL RR To automatically compensate for the tool radius as entered in the TOOL DEF blocks the control must be informed whether the electrode is mov ing to the left of to the right of or directly on the programmed contour RO lf the electrode is to travel on the programmed contour no radius compensation should be pro grammed in the positioning block At the dialog query TOOL RADIUS COMP RL RR NO COMP press the ENT key Screen display RO Programming The radius compensation is entered in positioning radius blocks L C etc with the RL and RR keys at compensation the dialog query TOOL RADIUS COMP RL RR NO COMP Left or right should be understood as looking in the direction of movement R R lf the electrode is to travel at the distance of the radius to the

User's Manual TNC 306

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