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K96 User Manual - Rohde & Schwarz

1. ERROR The Error Freq Phase results are selected by pressing the lt EVM gt softkey in the FREQ a main measurement softkey menu followed by the ERROR FREQ PHASE gt softkey Successive pressing of the softkey toggles between Frequency and Phase Error dr Fite 2 Echar DOM a Care Lergh Fieguenrg sea Ea KEEN Asem IER Me Ms ech IK E dE iy ED a i A X 2x Tires Jus eorormnnsa f ane L me Ee EA Eo Fig 26 Frequency Error display The Error Frequency display shows the frequency deviations in Hz versus time The Error Phase display shows the phase deviations in Degree versus time The evaluation length of this measurement can be set in the measurement setup menu All analyzed frames are concatenated in time direction with blue lines marking the frame borders 1308 9629 42 34 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software Channel Flatness FLATNESS The Channel Flatness measurement results are selected by pressing the lt CHANNEL gt softkey in the main measurement softkey menu followed by the lt FLATNESS gt softkey Fea Lera Tigpar Mode f Liyana Fleiness Makin 1 AA ga Mops DES dE E 31 i OLDE Eure Enn ng 1 0 LIN LIE 1E Caia Huanbel we L ms L ms Fig 27 Channel Flatness display The Channel Flatness display shows the amplitude of the channel transfer function vs carrier The statistic is performed over all analyzed frames 1308 9629
2. TRACe DATA TRACE1 TRACE2 TRACE3 This command returns all the measured data that relates to the currently selected measurement type The data format returned is particular to the currently selected measurement type and is specified below Return values The returned values are scaled in the current measurement unit For some measurements the unit may change depending on the unit settings specified in the General Setup menu or set by the UNIT EVM command ASCII format FORMat ASCII In ASCII format a list of values separated by commas is returned Comma Separated Values CSV Empty fields will return NaN Binary format FORMat REAL 32 If the transmission takes place using the binary format REAL 32 the data are transferred in block format Definite Length Block Data according to IEEE 488 2 They are arranged in lists of 32 Bit IEEE 754 floating point numbers Power vs Symbol X Carrier Returns the power values of all evaluated OFDM cells The result matrix is written symbol wise i e all subcarriers of one symbol are written before the next symbol begins All detected frames are transferred Trace1 Power values dBm Carrier Power vs Carrier Returns the power values as list over all carriers The statistic is performed in symbol direction Trace1 Mean values averaged over all symbols dBm Carrier Trace2 Minimum values dBm Carrier Trace3 Maximum values dBm Carrier Power vs Symbol Returns the
3. Example FORM REAL The OFDM VSA software will send binary data in Real32 data format Parameters ASCii PACKED REAL Characteristics RST value ASCII 1308 9629 42 86 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Remote Control HCOPy Subsystem COMMAND PARAMETERS UNIT COMMENT HCOPy IMMediate HCOPy IMMediate This command starts a hardcopy output to the file specified by MMEMory NAME The graphic file format is determined by the file extension bmp gif jpg png or tif Example MMEM NAME C TEMP Screenshot bmp HOOP A screenshot of the OFDM VSA software is stored in the file C TEMP Screenshot bmp Characteristics 1308 9629 42 87 E 3 Remote Control R amp S FSQ K96 INITiate Subsystem COMMAND PARAMETERS UNIT COMMENT INITiate IMMediate lt Boolean gt INITiate IMMediate This remote control command requests the OFDM VSA software to start a new measurement sequence If a measurement sequence is already in progress then the command will be ignored Example ENT The OFDM VSA software will start a new measurement Characteristics RST value 1308 9629 42 88 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Remote Control INPut Subsystem COMMAND PARAMETERS UNIT COMMENT INPut ATTenuation DIQ RANGe UPPer SRATe EATT STATe FILTer CHANnel STATe BANDwidth ORDer YIG STATe numeric value numeric value numeric value numeric value Boolean Boolea
4. Example UTINPSBIBTICHANTORD 4256 oelects a filter order of 256 Characteristics RST value 96 INPut FILTer YIG STATe Boolean This command switches the YIG filter for image frequency suppression into the signal path condition ON or removes it from the signal path condition OFF Example INP FILT YIG OFF owitches the YIG filter off Characteristics RST value OFF 1308 9629 42 90 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Remote Control INPut SELect AIQ RF DIQ FILE This remote control command specifies whether the Analog baseband Inputs Digital Baseband input RF input or File input is the currently selected signal input Note that Analog baseband input requires option B71 Digital Baseband Input requires option B17 Example INP SEL ALO Select analog baseband input Characteristics RST value FILE INPut IQ BALanced STATe Boolean This remote control command specifies whether the IQ inputs are symmetrical balanced or asymmetrical unbalanced Note that this command requires option FSQ B71 Example INP IQ BAL ON Specifies symmetrical balanced IQ inputs Characteristics RST value OFF INPut IQ IMPedance LOW HIGH This remote control command specifies the input impedance for the IQ inputs Note that this command requires option FSQ B71 Example INP IQ IMP LOW Specifies low input impedance for IQ inputs Characteristics RST value LOW 1308 9629 42 91 E 3 Remote Control R amp S FSQ K
5. PEP d 30 00 dBm Lev B 30 00 dBm oe Info EX IEEE 802 119 WLAN A ng Set To Default Save Recall RF A Generate Waveform File Standard 302 119 m Physical Layer Mode OFDM Graphics BERT Simulation Mode Framed config config Predefined Frames on on Graph A B BERT BERT VO Mod B 1 Frames config on E Idle Time based on standard chiprate 0 100 ms pe PPDU Configuration 64 OAM 54 Mbps Filter Clipping Cosine Clip Off El 802 119 A Fig 15 WLAN settings menu of the R amp S SMU Vector Signal Generator 1308 9629 42 17 E 3 Installation and Test Setup R amp S FSQ K96 Setting up the measurement gt Start the OFDM VSA application and press PRESET Press SETUP and set the data source to instrument via the DATA SOURCE softkey gt Press CONFIGURE ANALYZER CONNECTION and set up the instrument connection Use the Test Connection button to verify the connection settings Instrument Connection Configuration x Interface Type Number IP Address or Computer Name Subsystem Lan petty fo y fonsas INSTR VISA RSC TCPIP 10 114 11 5 Test Connection better EE Cancel General setup frequency level etc gt Press lt GENERAL SETTINGS gt to open the General Settings panel ES Primary Advanced D ata Capture Settings Frequencu 1 GHz Sampling Rate 20 MHz Capture Time 3 ms
6. in Demod Ctrl The pilot cells of the signal doesn t match the configuration Check the pilot matrix in the configuration file Increase Maximum bin offset in Demod Ctrl if a frequency offset of more than one subcarrier spacing could occur Try Swap IQ to interchange and Q parts of the signal The channel transfer function varies over the frame O 1308 9629 42 Decrease Number of Symbols per Frame in Demod Ctrl 109 E 3 Troubleshooting 10Index A Auto Level Track TIME een a a 51 B Bandwidth e 48 Basebahd Input siegen 49 EE Ee EA 57 C CA DIU ENS 46 Gamer EE 58 Channel EEN 48 COMPCIIS ANON ssi deer 58 Gonfig ration EE 54 68 Constellation selection eese eee 41 Cyclic Prenx Length EE 55 D IBS L0 ass EE ee ee EE 50 E Electrical Atftenuation eese eene 51 EMM ad cla leas 74 External Attenuation esses sese eene nnns 46 F FEFE Nil 55 ERES ee 58 PICT Order E 48 EE 46 G GPIB RES ESQ cet dls T 13 H Hardkey DISP E 59 FILE EE 60 EE A sts en tlli eu E 61 I IIMPONM and dee ce nt b Ee b tdi 65 slo gui m 48 1308 9629 42 110 R amp S FSQ K96 e ee EE 12 L LAN Address R amp S FSQ u ana 13 M Manual Configuratio nenne nennen nennen 54 Measurement Automatic level detection nn o 44 Gapt re BUITOE au una 29 Channel Rlalness u ne ee nen 35 Channel Impulse Hesponse 022200 37 Complementary Cumulat
7. o Frame Offset Fig 10 Description of a repetitive preamble symbol 1308 9629 42 11 E 3 Installation and Test Setup R amp S FSQ K96 2 Installation and Test Setup Software Installation Please refer to the release notes for detailed instructions on the installation process Connection to the Instrument In order to be able to communicate with the instruments the PC must be connected to the R amp S FSQ using either an IEEE bus or LAN connection The type of connection and the address can be selected inside the software Please refer to section Software Setup for a detailed description Any R amp S FSQ with firmware version 4 35 or higher can be used Configuration Settings The R amp S FSQ address either GPIB or LAN address has to be set in the R amp S FSQ K96 OFDM VSA analysis software 1308 9629 42 12 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Installation and Test Setup How to Obtain the GPIB or LAN Address in the R amp S FSQ Instrument In this section it is described how to obtain the GPIB or LAN address of the R amp S FSQ instrument GPIB address BEI gt Press the SETUP hardkey ln The SETUP menu opens gt Press the lt GPIB gt softkey RBW 3 MHz LB 1A MHz SHT 5 mz TIME AND DATE T me 3 T 11 FEB ZA05 Ret 4 dEm Att 5 dB EE INTERFACE NONE Stopb ts di H4 Handshake NONE c Handshake NONE INSTRUMENT Center 1 8 GHz 364 MHz pan 3 6 G OPTIONS o sPEcTRUm USA GSM EDGE
8. FM DEMOD BLUETOOTH MORE SCREEN B p Fig 11 softkey GPIB Address 1308 9629 42 13 E 3 Installation and Test Setup R amp S FSQ K96 LAN address SETUP gt Press the SETUP hardkey The SETUP menu opens gt Press the CONFIGURE NETWORK softkey RBW 3 MHz UEL 168 MHz Ref 24 dBm Att 5 dB SWT 5 ms TIME AND a DATE Time 113 EI Dur FEB 2008 INTERFACE NONE NONE SW Handshake NONE Owner INSTRUMENT 368 MHz Pl H Fig 12 Softkey Network Select Local Area Connection and press Enter RBW 3 MHz VBW 10 MHz Ref 20 dBm Att 5 dB SWT D ms ff Network Connections File Edit View Favorites Tools Advanced Help Y Back ed wi 7 Search s Folders BR Address E Network Connections WE gt Go Network Tasks LAN or High Speed Internet 5 Create a new connection Set up a home or small office network IM Local Area Connection LAN or High Speed Inter QV Disable this network CONF IGURE NETWORK EN Repair this connection ell Rename this connection View status of this connection LA Change settings of this connection Other Places fJ Control Panel 118 Center 1 5 GHz 360 MHz Span 3 6 GHz RO RE laun we Lesen Fig 13 Local Area Connection 1308 9629 42 14 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Installation and Test Setup gt Click on the Support tab of the Local Area Connection Status dialog RBW 3 MHz UBM 10 MHz Ref 24 dBm Att 5 dB
9. Phone 49 22 03 49 0 Fax 49 22 03 49 51 229 info rsdc rohde schwarz com service rsdc rohde schwarz com Phone 49 50 42 9 98 0 Fax 49 50 42 9 98 105 info bick rohde schwarz com Phone 49 30 658 91 122 Fax 49 30 655 50 221 info ftk rohde schwarz com Phone 49 30 658 84 0 Fax 49 30 658 84 183 info sit rohde schwarz com Phone 49 22 03 49 5 23 25 Fax 49 22 03 49 5 23 36 info rssys rohde schwarz com Phone 49 431 600 51 0 Fax 49 431 600 51 11 sales gedis online de Phone 49 61 82 800 0 Fax 49 61 82 800 100 info hameg de Locations Worldwide Please refer to our homepage www rohde schwarz com Sales Locations Service Locations National Websites R amp S FSQ K96 Contents Contents 1 General Inter Eeer 7 VEO O A E 7 OFDM Te EE le EE 8 Time Doman DISS CH DUON RTT 8 Frequency Domain Desc cds 9 SEENEN 9 Sege KEE 10 Constellaton EE 10 PrSamble Descrip BEE 11 2 Installation and Test Sellada 12 SOIWare TIrstallallor 52er A ee 12 Geesen 12 Conrguralloi Settings EE 12 How to Obtain the GPIB or LAN Address in the R amp S FSQ Instrument 13 Operating INC SS ONAN EE 16 cti isses 16 Quick Ar A Ten 17 SEelNG UP NE geheralar u C rem 17 Setting up the measurement nenn nnnnennnnnnnnne nennen 18 General setup frequency level etc 18 Demodulation setup System configuration and demodulation control 19 Performing
10. C TEMP Screenshot bmp Characteristics RST value 1308 9629 42 92 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Remote Control SENSe Subsystem The SENSe command is used to set and get the values of parameters in the remote software The get variant of the SENSe command differs from set in that it takes no parameter values unless otherwise stated but is followed by the character and will return the parameter s value in the same format as it is set e g SENS FREQ 10GHZ sets the center frequency to 10 GHz SENS FREQ response 10 GHZ returns the current center frequency COMMAND PARAMETERS UNIT COMMENT SENSe FREQuency CENTer IQ DITHer STATe LPASS STATe VOLTage IQ RANGe SWEep TIME DEMod FORMat BURSt MAXFrames NOF Symbols TSYNc FSYNc MDETect FFTShift COFFset TRACKking PHASe TIME LEVel COMPensate CHANnel numeric value Boolean Boolean numeric value numeric value Boolean numeric value numeric value PREAM CP NONE PIL DAT CFG SYM CARR numeric value numeric value Boolean Boolean Boolean Boolean FSQ B71 Option only FSQ B71 Option only FSQ B71 Option only Short form requires SENSe SWAPiq lt Boolean gt SENSe FREQuency CENTer lt numeric value gt The remote control command is used to specify the frequency that the analyzer will use to make measurements against the input signal
11. tre trait e sp cialement comme d chets dan gereux D E ESP F 2 Customer Information Regarding Product Disposal The German Electrical and Electronic Equipment ElektroG Act is an implementation of the following EC directives e 2002 96 EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment WEEE and e 2002 95 EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment RoHS Product labeling in accordance with EN 50419 Once the lifetime of a product has ended this product must not be disposed of in the standard domestic refuse Even disposal via the municipal collection points for waste electrical and electronic equipment is not permitted Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG has developed a disposal concept for the environmental friendly disposal or recycling of waste material and fully assumes its obligation as a producer to take back and dispose of electrical and electronic waste in accordance with the ElektroG Act Please contact your local service representative to dispose of the product ROHDE amp SCHWARZ 1171 0200 52 01 01 Uualit tszertifikat Certificate of quality Certificat de qualite Sehr geehrter Kunde Sie haben sich fur den Kauf eines Rohde amp Schwarz Produktes ent schieden Hiermit erhalten Sie ein nach modernsten Fertigungsmethoden hergestelltes Produkt Es wurde nach den Regeln unseres Qualitatsmanage mentsystems entwickelt gefertigt und gepr f
12. 42 35 E 3 Operating the Software R amp S FSQ K96 Group Delay GROUP The Group Delay measurement results are selected by pressing the lt CHANNEL gt DELAY softkey in the main measurement softkey menu followed by the lt GROUP DELAY gt softkey A de de Ec raro ORM PERL Bro y Dei Si Manko 1 7n Wort 1611 ra E 333 IPS E BEZF HISE Corr Fares ELCHE nm Lee JL mm Fig 28 Group Delay display The Group Delay display shows the group delay of each single subcarrier The statistic is performed over all analyzed frames 1308 9629 42 36 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software Channel Impulse Response IMPULSE The Channel Impulse Response is selected by pressing the lt CHANNEL gt softkey in RESPONSE the main measurement softkey menu followed by the lt MPULSE RESPONSE gt m softkey dr Pod 3e Scherr DOM v5 comi rado zamnling Pre ueno TEE Hi TT ETS Came Lera LER Lapel se Response Mosh 1 62720 50010 Merete DS 1 ATE LEI 1a D 1 1 2 Tires is L H q q Fig 29 Channel Impulse Response display The Channel Impulse Response display shows the impulse response of the channel and its position within the guard interval The start and the end of the guard interval are marked with blue lines The statistic is performed over all analyzed frames 1308 9629 42 3 E 3 Operating the Software R amp S FSQ K96 Constellation Diagram CONSTELL The Constellation Diagram
13. Analyzer 91 E 3 Operating the Software R amp S FSQ K96 Measurement settings This section describes the Measurement Settings panel where all settings related to the measurement result displays can be modified The first tab allows to specifiy units of the result axes The following tabs offer specific settings for the different measurements SETTINGS The MEAS SETTINGS softkey opens the Measurement Settings panel GENER Measurement Setup x Units Fi Units EVM dB Symbol Axes Symbol Number hi Carrier Axes Carrier Number hil Time Axes Seconds Frequency Axes Hertz m Fig 40 Units Tab of the Measurement Settings Menu Units The Units group contains settings regarding the axes units of the different result displays EVM EVM dB el EVM specifies the unit of EVM results Available values dB or Symbol Axes Symbol Axes SymbolNumber Symbol Axes specifies the unit of time axes representing symbol numbers Available values Symbol Number or Seconds Carrier Axes Carrier Axes Cartier Number sl Carrier Axes specifies the unit of frequency axes representing carrier numbers Available values Carrier Number or Hertz Time Axes Time Axes Seconds sl Time Axes specifies the unit of general time axes Available values Seconds Sample Time or Symbol Time 1308 9629 42 92 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software Frequency Axes Frequency Axes Hertz Frequency Axes specif
14. Example SENS FREQ CENT 5GHZ A center frequency of 5 GHz is selected Characteristics RST value 1 GHz SENSe IQ DITHer STATe Boolean This instruction links a 2 MHz wide dither signal at 42 67 MHz into the signal path of the baseband inputs Note that this command requires option FSQ B7 1 Example SENS LOS DEER 17 Switches on the 2 MHz broad dither signal Characteristics RST value OFF 1308 9629 42 93 E 3 Remote Control R amp S FSQ K96 SENSe IQ LPASs STATe Boolean This instruction switches a 36 MHz filter into the and Q branch of the baseband inputs Note that this command requires option FSQ B71 Example SENS IO LPAS 1 Switches on the lowpass filter for the IQ inputs Characteristics RST value ON SENSe VOLTage IQ RANGe numeric value This command defines the measurement range of the analog baseband input The value range depends on the input impedance The measurement range defines the measurable peak voltage positive and negative Note that this command requires option FSQ B71 Input Impedance Range of values Volt 5 dB steps Low 50 Q 0 0316 0 0562 0 1 0 178 0 316 0 562 1 1 78 3 16 5 62 High 1 kQ 0 0316 0 0562 0 1 0 178 0 316 0 562 1 1 78 Example SENS VOLT IQ RANGE 0 1 Sets the IQ input range to 0 1 V Characteristics RST value 1V SENSe SWEep TIME numeric value The remote control command is used to specify the sweep acquisition p
15. Fig 46 Software setup menu 1308 9629 42 61 E 3 Operating the Software R amp S FSQ K96 Configure Analyzer Connection mm In order to be able to communicate with the instruments the R amp S analyzer must be CONNECT connected with the PC using either an IEEE bus or LAN connection The type of connection and the address can be selected by the CONFIGURE ANALYZER CONNECTION softkey Instrument Connection Configuration X Interface Type Number IP Address or Computer Name Subsystem VISA RSC Te Test Connection e Cancel If more than one interface is available on the PC e g because two LAN cards are installed please select the appropriate interface Number The Subsystem does not need to be changed Depending on the Interface Type different types of addresses must be entered GPIB Instrument IEEE bus system using the Instrument primary GPIB address 0 31 IEEE 488 protocol Default value is 20 for the FSQ LAN LAN bus system using the Host address as TC IP address or computer name VXI 11 protocol VXI 11 protocol Contact your local IT support if you are not sure what to supported with FSQ firmware enter here version 3 65 or later LAN LAN bus system using a Host address as TC IP address or computer name RSIB protocol Rohde 8 Schwarz specific Contact your local IT support if you are not sure what to protocol enter here supported with all R amp S FSQ firmware versions Data Source Instrument
16. Level Settings Reference Level Auto Level 0 0 dem Est Attenuation O dB Trigger Settings Trigger Made Free Run Trigger Offset U Trigger Level amp uta Level TE 0 dBm Input Settings Input Path File e Channel Filter Standard Bandwidth 6de Z0MHz Filter Order Noma 7 oe Enterthe desired frequency to measure in the Frequency field Enterthe 802 11a sample rate of 20 MHz in the Sampling Rate field Entera capture length of 5 ms in the Capture Time field All other settings in this panel are sufficient for this example 1308 9629 42 18 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Demodulation setup System configuration and demodulation control Installation and Test Setup gt Press lt DEMOD SETTINGS gt to open the Demodulation Settings panel and selectthe System Config tab Demodulation Setup E System Config Demod Ctr F System Configuration Manual Configuration m Configuration File DAD FDHM genuine systems lan_64QAM_mat Be wlan amp 40AM WLAN 802 11a Data modulation 6404H Preamble included in frame OFDM Symbol Characteristics FFT Length 64 Samples 16 Samples Preamble 5ymbol Characteristics Block Lenath 16 Samples Samples Cyclic Prefix Length Frame Offset gt Load the system configuration file WlanA 64QAM mat gt Select the Demod Ctrl tab xj System Config Demod Ctrl General Settings Burst Search Mas Frame
17. Q branch 1 AQ complex amp Gain Imbalance 20log E dB I Quadrature Error arctan mee 180 1308 9629 42 74 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Remote Control 7 Remote Control Enabling Remote Control The remote control functionality of the OFDM VSA application is disabled after installing the software It has to be enabled once by the following sequence gt Start the OFDM VSA application and press SETUP Enable the remote control functionality via the CONFIGURE SOFTWARE softkey x Main debugging options Debug files location CATEMPA Debug files to create MatLab input structure generate DSPIn debug MatLab output structure generate OS POut debug Remote control options Enable Remote Control Description of commands This section specifies all the remote control commands specific to the OFDM VSA option Only those commands provided for this option are specified For details of remote control commands provided by the host analyzer please refer to the analyzer user manual Notation In the following sections all commands implemented in the software are first listed in tables and then described in detail arranged according to the command subsystems The notation is adapted to the SCPI standard The SCPI conformity information is included in the individual description of the commands Table of Command Command In the command column the table provides an overview of the commands and their
18. SWT D ms Back SE 1 Wr Area Connection Status Address Address E Network Network General Support Internet Protocol TCP IP Address Type Assigned by DHCP E Create a new connection IP Address 10 114 10 250 AN or High Speed Inter f Set up a home Subnet Mask 255 255 0 0 office network SE Disable this ne Default Gateway 10 114 0 1 CONF IGURE a NETWORK EN Repair this cor Rename this c View status of connection A Change settini connection Other Places 1308 9629 42 15 E 3 Installation and Test Setup R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the software Starting the software Use the desktop shortcut or the shortcut from the Start menu to start the OFDM VSA analysis software The following window appears Rohde amp Schwarz OFDM SA i ifiguration Sampling Frequency Capture Length SETTINGS pture Buffer GENER MEAS DEMOD SETTINGS DISPLAY GRAPH List CHANNEL Y MISC STATISTIC 9 6 5 2 2 0 1 Real Part PTURE eer 4 ar oromvsa OFDM VSA RUN SGL RUN CONT REFRESH SCREEN A The software user interface consists of six main elements e Header table 1 Showing basic information such as measurement frequency or capture length e Results display 2 Here all measurement results are displayed in full or split screen style Results displays are always separated into Header showing title etc and Display showing data section e Status ba
19. amp S analyzer hardware to capture l Q data or load the Q data from a file The data source can be switched by using the SETUP lt DATA SOURCE gt keys Please refer to section 4 Import and Export of Data for details on the file format Running the measurement Use the hotkeys of the OFDM VSA software displayed at the bottom of the screen to start a single or continuous measurement with newly acquired data or the already captured l Q data RUNSGL RUH CONT REFRESH RUN SGL Executes a single measurement with data capturing and signal processing and stops after it has finished RUN CONT Executes subsequent measurements with data capturing and signal processing until you press RUN CONT gt again REFRESH Executes a single measurement as with RUN SGL gt but using already captured UO data for processing This can be used to e g observe the changes of different demodulation settings to the results Events during a measurement While running the measurement certain events may cause the measurement execution to fail The corresponding error message is displayed in the status bar and stored in the error log Measurement header table The tabular section below the title bar shows the overall measurement settings and specific results used to obtain the current measurement results Configuration Sampling Frequency bet Level Frequency FFT Length Capture Length CP Length Trigger Offset Fig 17 Overa
20. an a a a a a 48 FIr ONE EE 48 Analog Baseband Settings EE 49 HPULINPEdANC ET 49 Sne 49 LOWIDASS EE 49 APP E A E E A E EA A S E E 50 Digital IQ dl Le EE 50 Digital input Sampling WEE 50 Pull scale e Me e 50 level Settings AAA CA d dai peel ets ea ote Eike agate 51 AUO Level IAG Ela T Tm 51 A a a 51 SE e EE 51 VS Fllen een mens 51 Measurement settings EE 52 ut 52 A ee A IA 52 019 0 29 c NORMEN E TE DT TP ER 02 CAUCE ARE conc 52 In es ees E EP EE IE E O o Sr rc Rees 52 Fhe GUC MGW RES eebe 53 NN A tau ne eer OPN C DE IU ecl een E eire reer 53 Number of Settling Symbols A 53 1308 9629 42 d E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Contents DSIMIOGUIATION SO MING indio inanici n idad 54 A SIN OMI CE lM PERA RP No an e 54 Manual Conoguda MO TR WEE 54 SAA Ao 54 RI BIREN le Ee 55 ii M te AP A o O 0 NT 55 elles Pren Lengt EE 55 Preamble Symbol Characteristics nenn nun onen nennen nenne nennen 55 A 55 tee eebe 55 mre ages EL ee erneuert 56 Frame LENO HE 56 General Delings enee EE Ee 57 SENSI COI add 57 Maximum Frames to Analyze 2uu22u0020002000 ann nenn nnnnn ann neuen ann neuen nnns nnne sanis naar seran nan 57 Number of Symbols per Frame of SVMCMFOMI ZATION SCUINGS eR 57 Time SYACHTONZaNONE re er 57 FEredque noy SVMNGNFOMIZAMOMNN EE 57 MOGUIALION Re Te a A is 57 Comperisalioh Sets ti 58 Prase TACKNO KEE 58 WANG ie o dise DEE 58 A Meter T 58 Cha
21. and will slow down the measurement so this feature should not be activated unless it is necessary The debug files contain all the necessary information e g l Q data settings to reproduce a measurement These files may be sent back to Rohde amp Schwarz together with possible support questions The remote control section allows to enable or disable the remote control functionality of the OFDM VSA Disabling of the remote control needs a restart of the software Show Logging SHOW LOGGING 1308 9629 42 The SHOW LOGGING softkey is used to display an error messages history 4 Logging Form E E aj m x gt Refresh Clear All Auto Update Copy to Clipboard UK The message history can be refreshed and cleared and the contents can be copied to the operating system clipboard 63 E 3 Operating the Software R amp S FSQ K96 System Info The lt SYSTEM INFO gt softkey opens a dialog containing system information about the version numbers of used drivers and utility software This information can be useful in case the analyzer software does not work properly System Information x Application Specific Information Kernel Location Downlink C XProgrammeBRohde Sechwarz FDM WVSA D0FDM VSA exe Kernel Date Douwnlink 28 11 2007 08 56 24 Release Build YES File Paths Application Path C XProgrammesBRohde Schwarz FDM Vs4A VAI Path C LAVAIPNHPAWinNT bin IVI Path C XProagramme rIVIXBin System Info
22. chain uses the predefined pilot cells for parameter estimation and subsequent compensation of the signal impairments It starts with maximum likelihood estimation of the remaining frequency error and sample clock offset While a frequency error leads to a phase offset linearly increasing with time the clock offset introduces an additional phase error linearly increasing with frequency The estimator determines the most probable parameters that lead to the phase offsets observed on the pilot cells The resulting offset values are compensated in the frequency domain by re rotating the phase of the KR matrix However for severe clock offsets it can be necessary to resample the received signal in the time domain and repeat the FFT stage The subsequent channel estimator determines the channel transfer function at the known pilot positions and uses interpolation to get a complete frequency response vector for all subcarriers Since the presented measurement system is intended for stationary channels the interpolation is performed along the frequency direction only The node values on the frequency axis are determined by averaging all available pilots of each subcarrier over time Depending on the layout of the pilots on the frequency axis an interpolation filter bank with optimum Wiener filter coefficients is calculated in advance The Wiener filter is designed under the assumption that the maximum impulse response length does not exceed the cyclic prefix
23. gt softkey Reales TigparHode Fre Spb 201 Maske 1410 E Gu Maepesp E iD 110 120 139 140 150 16 1 160 1 200 Binal Hundes RES ELLEN sem Fig 20 Power vs Symbol display The Power vs Symbol display shows the power of each symbol of the received signal frames in dBm Carrier with statistics in carrier direction All analyzed frames are concatenated in symbol direction with blue lines marking the frame borders Carriers which contain Zero cells over the complete symbol range e g guard carriers or DC carrier are excluded from the statistic 28 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software Capture Buffer CAPTURE The Capture Buffer PVT power versus time results are selected by pressing the BURGER lt POWER gt softkey in the main measurement softkey menu followed by the lt CAPTURE BUFFER gt softkey dr Robe 3c Sce DRO MEA Can Largh Lepter Balia E POWER SPECTRO AE j 35 4 45 5 SE Ta ws Lotus f wm ELLEN LU aa LU ee UL ae Fig 21 Capture Buffer display The capture buffer shows the complete range of captured data for the last sweep The Capture Buffer display shows the power of the captured UO data versus time in dBm The analyzed frames are identified with a green bar at the bottom of the Capture Buffer display All Q measurements process the same signal data Therefore all Q measurement results are available after a single IO measurement has been executed UO measure
24. offset of the analyzer is 10 dB DESP TRACY RUEVSOFFES 10 External attenuation of the analyzer is 10 dB i e a gain of 10 dB Characteristics RST value 0 dB 1308 9629 42 82 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Remote Control FETCh Subsystem COMMAND PARAMETERS UNIT COMMENT FETCh SUMM EVM ALL AVERage MAXimum MINimum DATA AVERage MAXimum MINimum PILot AVERage MAXimum MINimum FERRor AVERage MAXimum MINimum SERRor AVERage MAXimum MINimum IQOFfset AVERage MAXimum MINimum GIMBalance AVERage MAXimum MINimum QUADerror AVERage MAXimum MINimum POWer AVERage MAXimum MINimum CRESt AVERage MAXimum MINimum 1308 9629 42 83 E 3 Remote Control R amp S FSQ K96 FETCh SUMMary EVM ALL AVERage FETCh SUMMary EVM ALL MINimum FETCh SUMMary EVM ALL MAXimum This command returns the EVM All value from the result summary list Depending on the EVM unit selected in the General Settings Menu the value will be either in dB or in percent Example FETC SUMM EVM MAX Returns maximum value FETC SUMM EVM MIN Returns minimum value FETC SUMM EVM Returns mean value Characteristics RST value FETCh SUMMary EVM DATA AVERage FETCh SUMMary EVM DATA MINimum FETCh SUMMary EVM DATA MAXimum This command returns the DATA EVM value from the result summary list Depending on the EVM unit selected in the General Settin
25. or File DATA SOURCE The DATA SOURCE softkey is used to specify the I Q data source Data can either be captured from the R amp S analyzer INSTR is selected or read from file FILE is selected If FILE is selected each time the user presses the RUN SGL gt or RUN CONT gt hotkey a dialog is shown where the user can specify the full name and path of the I Q data file to be used Pressing ENTER loads the specified UO data file and displays the results If the specified file cannot be found or is not a valid WO data file an error message will be displayed indicating that the l Q data could not be imported 1308 9629 42 62 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software Configure Software CONFIGURE SOFTWARE Pressing the CONFIGURE SOFTWARE softkey opens the following pop up dialog Software Configuration xj Main debugging options Debug files location CA EMP Debug files to create MatLab input structure generate DSPIn debug MatLab output structure generate DSPO ut debug Remote control options Enable Remote Control The dialog is divided into a debugging and a remote control section In the debugging section it can be chosen whether to store debug information each time data is analyzed The path where the debug information is stored can be selected as well as whether the input the output or both debug files shall be stored Note The creation of the debug files takes some time
26. signal to be measured The maximum frequency depends on the hardware configuration of the R amp S analyzer Sampling Rate see AB MHz Specifies the System Sampling Rate of the OFDM signal to be measured The maximum sampling rate depends on the hardware configuration of the R amp S analyzer Capture Time Specifies the Capture Time which is stored in the capture buffer and analyzed within one sweep The maximum capture time depends on the hardware configuration of the R amp S analyzer and the memory of the external PC Capture Time 3 ms Level Settings The Level Settings are the general settings concerning the power leveling of the R amp S analyzer Reference Level Beare ere Auto Level MI n Specifies the Reference Level to use when running measurements or displays the reference level when Auto Level is enabled The Reference Level parameter is editable only when RF input is selected and Auto Level is disabled When Auto Level is set to ON the OFDM VSA analysis software will measure the reference level automatically at the start of each measurementsweep This ensures thatthe reference level is always set at the optimal level for obtaining accurate results but will lead to slightly increased measurement times The Auto Level setting is only available for RF input External Attenuation Ext Attenuation D dB opecifies an External Attenution to be considered in the power results of the R amp S FSQ K96 OFDM VSA analysi
27. syntactical elements SCPI has therefore specified a series of definitions which are used in the tables of commands In the tables these established definitions are indicated in angled brackets lt gt and will be briefly explained in the following This keyword refers to parameters which can adopt two states on and off The off state may either be indicated by the keyword OFF or by the numeric value O the on state is indicated by ON or any numeric value other than zero Parameter queries are always returned the numeric value O or 1 These keywords mark parameters which may be entered as numeric values 76 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Remote Control Common Commands PARAMETERS UNIT COMMENT RST RESET sets the OFDM VSA software and the connected instrument to a defined default status The command essentially corresponds to pressing the PRESET key The default setting is indicated in the description of the commands Example RST Resets the OFDM VSA software and the connected instrument IDN IDENTIFICATION QUERY queries the OFDM VSA identification Example TDN Returns Rohde amp Schwarz K96 000000 000 Version x x 1308 9629 42 71 E 3 Remote Control R amp S FSQ K96 CALCulate Subsystem COMMAND PARAMETERS UNIT COMMENT CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED This command can be used to set or get the measurement data currently displayed on the selected screen A or B Exampl
28. to have two different filters for the different screens P Cell Type All m Modulation 41 ned Symbol EM Carrier All h Fig 33 Constellation Evaluation Filter panel CCDF complementary cumulative distribution function CCDF 1308 9629 42 The CCDF measurement results are selected by pressing the MISC STATISTIC gt softkey in the main measurement softkey menu followed by the lt CCDF gt softkey Rohde amp Schwarz OFDM SA ALPHA Version 1 Configuration Sampling Frequency er Leve equency ength igge Mode DI annth TE SETTINGS u engin gger OTfse Crest Factor 9 69 dB GENER MEAS Frame Power 0 18 dBm DEMOD SETTINGS DISPLAY GRAPH List SIGHAL FLOW 0 001 REPORT m ES a 5 6 Level above RMS dB Fig 34 CCDF display The CCDF results display shows the probability of an amplitude exceeding the mean power The X axis displays power relative to the measured mean power 41 E 3 Operating the Software R amp S FSQ K96 Signal Flow SIGNAL The Signal Flow display is selected by pressing the lt MISC STATISTIC gt softkey in the FLOW main measurement softkey menu followed by the lt S GNAL FLOW softkey dr Fite A Scherz DAM MEA Tanke Largh CP Lenoth ET d si Fire EXE ormsa Fig 35 Signal Flow display The Signal Flow display shows a detailed description of the current measurement status It provides additional hints o
29. with adjustable bandwidth and slope characteristics can be applied to the input signal A window based finite impulse response filter is designed The bandwidth is defined as two times the 6 dB cutoff frequency and the filter order determines the slope characteristics Three predefined filter slopes and a manual input of the filter order are available Choosing the correct filter order is a trade off between selectivity and filter impulse response length A high filter order leads to superior selectivity between adjacent channels On the other hand such a filter has a long channel impulse response which can produce intersymbol interference if used in systems with small guard intervals Low filter orders require a higher distance between channels and will possibly attenuate the outer carriers of the signal In contrast the channel impulse response is short and suited for systems with short guard intervals The adjustable lowpass filter performs a decimation by 2 at its output So the maximum output sample rate which can be set in the General Settings menu is reduced by a factor of 2 compared to the internal filter setting Adjustable Channel Filter 10 Low NN Normal 10 High 20 30 40 90 60 Frequency Response dB 70 80 li 90 100 Ih D 0 005 01 015 02 025 03 035 04 045 05 Normalized Frequency Fi
30. 42 20 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software 3 Operating the Software This section contains a detailed description of all measurement modes settings and results Measurements Numerical results EVM measurements e EVMAI EVM for all data and all pilot cells of the analyzed frame e EVM Data EVM for all data cells of the analyzed frame e EVM Pilot EVM for all pilot cells of the analyzed frame UO constellation measurements e IQ Offset Power at spectral line 0 normalized to the total transmitted power e Q Gain Imbalance Logarithm of the Q Channel to I Channel gain ratio e Q Quadrature Error Measure of the phase angle between Q Channel and l Channel deviating from the ideal 90 degrees Frequency measurements e Frequency Error Difference between measured and reference center frequency e Sample Clock Error Difference between measured and reference sample clock relative to the system sampling rate Power measurements e Frame Power Average time domain power of the analyzed frame e Crest Factor Peak to average power ratio of the analyzed frame Graphical results Power measurements e Power vs Symbol X Carrier Power profile of all cells in the analyzed frame e Power vs Carrier Power of all carriers in the analyzed frame averaged over the symbols e Power vs Symbol Power of all symbols in the analyzed frame averaged over the carriers e Capture Buffer Power profile of the capture buffer d
31. 96 MMEMory Subsystem COMMAND PARAMETERS UNIT COMMENT MMEMory LOAD STATe file name CFGFile file name STORe STATe file name IQ STATe file name gt NAME file name MMEMory LOAD STATe file name This command restores previously saved settings The file must be of type ovsa Example MMEM LOAD STAT C TEMP K96Test ovsa Characteristics RST value MMEMory LOAD CFGFile file name This command loads a configuration file which describes the OFDM system The file must be of type mat Example MMEM LOAD CFGF C TEMP K96Test mat Characteristics RST value MMEMory STORe STATe lt file_name gt This command stores the current settings to a file The resulting filetype is ovsa Existing files will be overwritten Example MMEM STOR STAT C TEMP K96Test ovsa Characteristics RST value MMEMory STORe IQ STATe file name This command stores the current IQ data to a file with the extension iqw The data format is 32 bit floating point and the data order is Il QQ Q Existing files will be overwritten Example MMEM STOR IQ STAT C TEMP MyCapture iqw Characteristics RST value MMEMory NAME file name This command defines a destination file for the printout started with the command HCOPy IMMediate The graphic file format is determined by the file extension bmp gif jpg png or tif Example MMEM NAME
32. AC PHASe ON Activate phase tracking Characteristics RST value ON SENSe TRACking TIME Boolean This command activates or deactivates the sample clock deviation tracking within the demodulator Note SENSe is not optional for this command when using the short form TRAC as it conflicts with the TRACe command Example SENS TRAC TIME ON Activate tracking of sample clock deviations Characteristics RST value OFF SENSe TRACking LEVel Boolean This command activates or deactivates the power level tracking within the demodulator Note SENSe is not optional for this command when using the short form TRAC as it conflicts with the TRACe command Example SENS TRAC LEV ON Activate power level tracking Characteristics RST value OFF SENSe COMPensate CHANnel Boolean This command defines whether the estimated channel transfer function shall be compensated before EVM measurements Example SENS COMP CHAN ON Activate channel compensation Characteristics RST value ON SENSe SWAPiq Boolean This remote control command can be used to specify if the IQ data shall be swapped Example SENS SWAP ON SWAP IQ data Characteristics RST value OFF 1308 9629 42 96 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Remote Control TRACe Subsystem The TRACe subsystem controls access to the software s internal trace memory PARAMETERS COMMENT DATA TRACE1 TRACE2 TRACE3 IQ SRATe lt numeric value gt
33. B Characteristics RST value FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance AVERage FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance MINimum FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance MAXimum This command returns the IQ Gain Imbalance value from the result summary list in dB Example FETC SUMM GIMB Returns average Gain Imbalance in dB Characteristics RST value FETCh SUMMary QUADerror AVERage FETCh SUMMary QUADerror MINimum FETCh SUMMary QUADerror MAXimum This command returns the Quadrature Error value from the result summary list in degree Example FETC SUMM QUAD Returns average Quadrature Error in degree Characteristics RST value FETCh SUMMary POWer AVERage FETCh SUMMary POWer MINimum FETCh SUMMary POWer MAXimum This command returns the Frame Power value from the result summary list in dBm Example FETC SUMM POW Returns average Frame Power in dBm Characteristics RST value FETCh SUMMary CRESt AVERage FETCh SUMMary CRESt MINimum FETCh SUMMary CRESt MAXimum This command returns the Crest Factor value from the result summary list in dBm Example FETC SUMM CRES Returns Crest Factor in dB Characteristics RST value 1308 9629 42 85 E 3 Remote Control R amp S FSQ K96 FORMat Subsystem COMMAND PARAMETERS UNIT COMMENT FORMat DATA ASCii PACKED REAL FORMat DATA This command specifies the data format for the data transmitted from the OFDM VSA Software to the control PC
34. FFT 1024 Specifies the FFT length to 1024 samples Characteristics RST value 64 CONFigure SYMbol NGuard numeric value This command specifies the guard length of an OFDM symbol The guard interval contains the cyclic prefix Example CONF SYM NG 128 Specifies the guard length to 128 samples Characteristics RST value 16 CONFigure PREamble BLENgth numeric value This command specifies the length of one block within a repetitive preamble symbol Example CONF PRE BLEN 32 Specifies the block length to 32 samples Characteristics RST value 0 CONFigure PREamble FOFFset lt numeric value gt This command defines the distance from the first preamble sample to the first sample of the frame Example CONF PRE FOFF 0 The frame starts with the first preamble sample Characteristics RST value 0 1308 9629 42 80 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Remote Control DISPlay Subsystem COMMAND PARAMETERS UNIT COMMENT DISPlay FORMat SPL SING WINDow lt 1 2 gt SELect SSELect TABLe lt Boolean gt TRACe lt 1 3 gt Y SCALe RLEVel RF numeric value dBm OFFSet lt numeric value gt dB DISPlay FORMat SPL SING This command sets the visible screen display type to full or split screen Example DISP FORM SING Sets the display to full screen Characteristics RST value SPL DISPlay WINDow lt 1 2 gt SELect This command selects whether screen A or screen B is active Exam
35. IMMediate TRIGger SEQuence LEVel EXTernal numeric value This command accepts the level of the external trigger input for which triggering will occur Example WRIGLEY 19 oets the external trigger level to 1 V Characteristics RST value 1 4 V TRIGger SEQuence LEVel POWer numeric value This command accepts the level of the input signal for which triggering will occur The value is specified in dBm for RF input and V for baseband inputs Example TRIG LEV POW 10 Setto 10 dBm for RF measurement TRIG LEV POW 1 Set to 1 V for baseband measurement Characteristics RST value 0 dBm TRIGger SEQuence LEVel POWer AUTO lt Boolean gt This command specifies whether or not an automatic power trigger level calculation is performed before each main measurement The setting of this command is ignored if the setting for TRIGger SEQuence MODE is not POWer Example TRIG LEV POW AUTO 1 Specifies that an automatic power trigger level calculation should be performed before the start of each main measurement Characteristics RST value OFF 1308 9629 42 100 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Remote Control TRIGger SEQuence HOLDoff numeric value This command defines the length of the trigger delay A negative delay time pretrigger can be set Example TRIG HOLD 500us A trigger offset of 500 us is set Characteristics RST value 0 us 1308 9629 42 101 E 3 Remote Control R amp S FSQ K96 UNIT Subsystem The un
36. Operating the Software R amp S FSQ K96 Constellation vs Symbol CONSTELL The Constellation vs Symbol diagram is selected by pressing the lt CONSTELL gt softkey in VS d the main measurement softkey menu followed by the lt CONSTELL VS SYMBOL softkey dr Poda de Scherz DORON MEA ono addon on rr reg Frequency Lee Ficus Ha 11 1777777 es Tig gir dco Cane Larah nerves MM nee vs Time EEE ve BERD SEI TIGE Ke sc EEG e Bb 1 diD i i im dED in 170 dED E TS EI deelt ek el CIHISTELL S Fig 32 Constellation vs Symbol display The Constellation vs Symbol display shows the inphase and quadrature magnitude results of all carriers over the respective symbols The inphase values are displayed as yellow dots the quadrature values are displayed as blue dots All analyzed frames are concatenated in symbol direction with blue lines marking the frame borders 1308 9629 42 40 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software Constellation SELECTION CONSTELL SELECTION The lt CONSTELL SELECTION gt softkey displays a pop up dialog that allows the displayed results to be filtered The results may be filtered by any combination of cell type modulation symbol or carrier The results are updated as soon as any change to the constellation selection parameters is made Please note that if you use a split screen and have the constellation display on each of these screens it is not possible
37. SEENEN 86 HCOPY SUS EEN 87 JR Tens le VS COIN RE Eo 88 INPUT S HDSVSLUOLTIO itis cu te ciao pecado ocn eh e Es b ops elek 89 MMEMory S En dd da 92 SENSO SUIS EE 93 rectc da 97 RSA e Ee aii 100 Bi WART e EE 102 Softkeys with assignment of IEC IEEE bus commande nnns 104 Hardkey MAIN zumeist 104 nn a 105 A O UE o o 105 Hardkey DA il e 106 Hard i i PRESET att a ee e Rr ee eee 106 GIO eo a 107 9 Trou DIESNOOUNO an nn 108 General SITOES EEN 108 Using the signal e ele EE 109 WO MON PAPA 0 E PERO EET 110 1308 9629 42 6 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 General Information 1 General Information The OFDM VSA PC analysis software application uses the l Q capture functionality of the R amp S spectrum analyzer to enable generic OFDM measurements using a PC based software This manual supports the user in working with this software It describes how to prepare execute and evaluate a measurement and gives many helpful hints and examples Introduction OFDM In an OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing system the available spectrum is divided into multiple carriers called subcarriers which are orthogonal to each other Each of these subcarriers is Independently modulated by a low rate data stream OFDM is used as well in WLAN WiMAX and broadcast technologies like DVB OFDM has several benefits including its robustness against multipath fading and its efficient receiver architecture Fig 1 shows a representation of an OFDM signal t
38. SQ K96 The Input settings group contains settings related to the input source of the signal to be measured Input Path Input Path RF r Channel Filter Channel Filter Standard v Bandwidth 6 dB Bandwidth E dB 20 MHz Filter Order Filter Order 1308 9629 42 Manual 96 Selects whether the RF input or Baseband BB input is used Channel Filter selects the input filter preceding the OFDM demodulator The Standard setting uses the default filter of the connected instrument Adjustable allows the design of a lowpass filter with adjustable bandwidth and filter order The Bandwidth of the channel filter is defined as two times the 6 dB cutoff frequency lt can be chosen between O Hz and the sample rate Choosing a bandwidth near the sample rate can lead to backfolding of higher frequency signal parts The Filter Order determines the slope characteristics of the channel filter Three predefined filter orders Low Normal and High are available Additionally the filter order can be set manually Odd filter orders are rounded to the next higher even number 48 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software General Settings E Primary Advanced Analog Baseband Settings 50 Ohm Input Impedance I Path te Balanced Iw Low Pass Filter m Dither u Digital IQ Settings Digital Input Sampling Rate 01 6 MHz 1v Full Scale Voltage Level Settings Advanced 100ms Auto Level T
39. SYMBOL ttn sitas 33 E ERR UE 39 GENERAL TEE 45 GROUP DELAY EE 36 HARDCOPY EE EE 59 HARDCOPY TO CLIPBOARD emm 59 IMPULSE RESPONSE eese nennen nnn 37 LOAD DEMOBD SET TEE 60 1308 9629 42 111 Index MEAS SET EE 52 POWER SPECTRUM EE 30 POWER VS CARRIER i ett etes 27 POWER VS SYM X CARR cescccsscccceeseceesseecnensssneeess 26 POWER VS dE 28 REPORT E 43 SAVE DEMOD SETUP uam 60 Save IDemod Data 66 Save IO EE 65 SAVE TO DATA sen ses 60 SHOW EE EE 63 SIGNAE FLOW Eee nalen 42 SYSTEM INFO a ti n 64 SOKOV MORU nee hass 23 Swap Re DEEN 58 YC NIZA IO reihe anti 57 T ls aus een ne 47 T lee Mode E 47 THOG CR ONS AA anar E T 47 TIOUBICSIOOUNG EE 108 U lU 52 Y A TEE 51 E 3
40. Scales the X and Y axes automatically to display the complete trace data The same action can be started by double clicking on the display area Default Zoom scales the X and Y axes to the default axis values Pan XY Clicking the graph with the left mouse button and holding it down will move the graph in both the X and Y directions X Clicking the graph with the left mouse button and holding it down will move the graph in the X direction Y Clicking the graph with the left mouse button and holding it down will move the graph in the Y direction Copy Image to Clipboard Copies the displayed image to the operating system clipboard Show Data Points Displays small dots at each data point of the linear interpolated trace Arrows indicating data out of display range Parts or all of the data may be out of the display range For this purpose arrow indicators on the right side of the graph show a status in each direction up down left right The arrow is displayed in yellow if only parts of the data are outside the visual area If all data is outside the visual area the arrow turns red This yellow arrow indicates that parts of the data are outside to the right of the visible area arrow points to the right 1308 9629 42 25 E 3 Operating the Software R amp S FSQ K96 UO measurements This section contains a detailed description of the measurements Power vs Symbol X Carrier POWER VS SYM X u 1308 9629 42 The P
41. Software Manual OFDM VSA PC Software R amp S FSQ K96 1308 9570 02 Printed in Germany ROHDE amp SCHWARZ Test and Measurement 1308 9629 42 03 1 The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual The R amp S FSQ K96 OFDM VSA is referred to as OFDM VSA The R amp S FSQ signal analyzer is referred to as R amp S FSQ The R amp S AFQ AMU SMATE SMJ and SMU vector signal generators are referred to as R amp S Signal Generator R amp S isa registered trademark of Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG Trade names are trademarks of the owners Basic Safety Instructions Always read through and comply with the following safety instructions All plants and locations of the Rohde amp Schwarz group of companies make every effort to keep the safety standards of our products up to date and to offer our customers the highest possible degree of safety Our products and the auxiliary equipment they require are designed built and tested in accordance with the safety standards that apply in each case Compliance with these standards is continuously monitored by our quality assurance system The product described here has been designed built and tested in accordance with the attached EC Certificate of Conformity and has left the manufacturer s plant in a condition fully complying with safety standards To maintain this condition and to ensure safe operation you must observe all instructions and warnings provided in thi
42. T Shift rel to CP Length Maximum Carrier Offset Swap ILI Fig 43 Demodulation Control Tab of the Demodulation Setup Menu 1308 9629 42 96 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software General Settings The General Settings group contains basic settings about the position and length of the OFDM frame within the capture buffer Burst Search Burst Search Im Burst Search specifies whether the demodulator shall search for power bursts before time synchronization If enabled the successive demodulation steps are restricted to the signal areas which contain significant power For continuous signals this parameter has to be disabled Maximum Frames to Analyze Max Frames to Analyze 5 Max Frames to Analyze specifies the maximum number of frames which are analyzed within one capture buffer Number of Symbols per Frame Number of Symbols per Frame 68 Number of Symbols per Frame specifies the number of analyzed symbols in one frame This number must be equal or lower than the Frame Length specified in the Sytem Config menu Synchronization Settings The Synchronization Settings group contains settings which control the synchronization steps of the demodulation Time Synchronization Time Sync Cyclic Prefs zl Time Sync specifies the synchronization method in time domain The cyclic prefix method performs a correlation of the cyclic prefix with the end of the FFT interval The preamble method searches for the repetitive preambl
43. a red el ctrica Si los productos sin interruptor est n integrados en bastidores o instalaciones se deber colocar el interruptor en el nivel de la instalaci n No utilice nunca el producto si est da ado el cable de conexi n a red Compruebe regularmente el correcto estado de los cables de conexi n a red Aseg rese mediante las medidas de protecci n y de instalaci n adecuadas de que el cable de conexi n a red no pueda ser danado o de que nadie pueda ser danado por l p ej al tropezar o por un choque el ctrico oolamente est permitido el funcionamiento en redes de alimentaci n TN TT aseguradas con fusibles de 16 A como m ximo utilizaci n de fusibles de mayor amperaje solo previa consulta con el grupo de empresas Rohde amp Schwarz Nunca conecte el enchufe en tomas de corriente sucias o llenas de polvo Introduzca el enchufe por completo y fuertemente en la toma de corriente La no observaci n de estas medidas puede provocar chispas fuego y o lesiones No sobrecargue las tomas de corriente los cables alargadores o las regletas de enchufe ya que esto podr a causar fuego o choques el ctricos En las mediciones en circuitos de corriente con una tensi n U r gt 30 V se deber n tomar las medidas apropiadas para impedir cualquier peligro p ej medios de medici n adecuados seguros limitaci n de tensi n corte protector aislamiento etc Para la conexi n con dispositivos inform ticos como un PC o un ordenado
44. ach data constellation iNg viDataConstPtr Vector of uint8 For each Data entry in 0051415252 meStructure this vector contains the number of the constellation used for the data cell meStructure is evaluated row wise vfcPilot Vector of For each Pilot entry in 1d leue det a complex float32 meSttucture this vector contains 1 3 1 37 1 the complex pilot value y 2 7 meStructure is evaluated row wise 1308 9629 42 68 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 System Configuration File Structure stPreamble parameter ame Meaning Remi iBlockLength int32 Length of the repetitive block iFrameOffset int32 Offset of the first sample of the preamble symbol to the first sample of the first symbol defined in the structure matrix Structure stConstellation pme ume emis se vfcValue Vector of Vector of complex valued a bete complex constellation points float32 OFDM System class The fundamental system description class is a Matlab class which stores the OFDM system parameterization and offers access to the different parameters The following member functions are provided c OfdmSys iNOfSymbols iNfft iNg constructor c SetDescription c sDescription SetCell c viSymbol viCarrier Zero Define a specific cell of the OFDM system SetCell c viSymbol viCarrier Pilot vfcValue SetCell c viSymbol viCarrier Data sConstName SetCell c viSymbol viCarrier DontCare c Se
45. adas si no se evita AVISO indica la posibilidad de utilizar mal el producto y como consecuencia da arlo En la documentaci n del producto se emplea de forma sin nima el t rmino CUIDADO Las palabras de se al corresponden a la definici n habitual para aplicaciones civiles en el rea econ mica europea Pueden existir definiciones diferentes a esta definici n en otras reas econ micas o en aplicaciones militares Por eso se deber tener en cuenta que las palabras de se al aqu descritas sean utilizadas siempre solamente en combinaci n con la correspondiente documentaci n del producto y solamente en combinaci n con el producto correspondiente La utilizaci n de las palabras de se al en combinaci n con productos o documentaciones que no les correspondan puede llevar a interpretaciones equivocadas y tener por consecuencia da os en personas u objetos Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento El producto solamente debe ser utilizado seg n lo indicado por el fabricante respecto a los estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento sin que se obstruya la ventilaci n Si no se siguen las indicaciones del fabricante pueden producirse choques el ctricos incendios y o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte En todos los trabajos deber n ser tenidas en cuenta las normas nacionales y locales de seguridad del trabajo y de prevenci n de accidentes 1 Sino se convino de otra manera es para los productos Rohd
46. adiaciones Tenga en cuenta que en caso de incendio pueden desprenderse del producto sustancias t xicas gases l quidos etc que pueden generar da os a la salud Por eso en caso de incendio deben usarse medidas adecuadas como p ej m scaras antig s e indumentaria de protecci n En caso de que un producto Rohde amp Schwarz contenga un producto l ser p ej un lector de CD DVD no debe usarse ninguna otra configuraci n o funci n aparte de las descritas en la documentaci n del producto a fin de evitar lesiones p ej debidas a irradiaci n l ser Reparaci n y mantenimiento 1 El producto solamente debe ser abierto por personal especializado con autorizaci n para ello Antes de manipular el producto o abrirlo es obligatorio desconectarlo de la tensi n de alimentaci n para evitar toda posibilidad de choque el ctrico El ajuste el cambio de partes el mantenimiento y la reparaci n deber n ser efectuadas solamente por electricistas autorizados por Rohde amp Schwarz Si se reponen partes con importancia para los aspectos de seguridad p ej el enchufe los transformadores o los fusibles solamente podr n ser sustituidos por partes originales Despu s de cada cambio de partes relevantes para la seguridad deber realizarse un control de seguridad control a primera vista control del conductor de protecci n medici n de resistencia de aislamiento medici n de la corriente de fuga control de funcionamiento Con e
47. ail CustomerSupport rohde schwarz com ROHDE amp SCHWARZ Address List Headquarters Plants and Subsidiaries Headquarters ROHDE amp SCHWARZ GmbH amp Co KG M hldorfstra e 15 D 81671 M nchen P 0 Box 80 14 69 D 81614 M nchen Plants ROHDE amp SCHWARZ Messger tebau GmbH Riedbachstra e 58 D 87700 Memmingen DU Box 16 52 D 87686 Memmingen ROHDE amp SCHWARZ GmbH amp Co KG Werk Teisnach Kaikenrieder Stra e 27 D 94244 Teisnach DO Box 11 49 D 94240 Teisnach ROHDE amp SCHWARZ zavod Vimperk s r o Location Spidrova 49 CZ 38501 Vimperk ROHDE amp SCHWARZ GmbH amp Co KG Dienstleistungszentrum K ln Graf Zeppelin Stra e 18 D 51147 K ln P 0 Box 98 02 60 D 51130 K ln Subsidiaries R amp S BICK Mobilfunk GmbH Fritz Hahne Str 7 D 31848 Bad M nder P 0 Box 20 02 D 31844 Bad M nder ROHDE amp SCHWARZ FTK GmbH Wendenschlo stra e 168 Haus 28 D 12557 Berlin ROHDE amp SCHWARZ SIT GmbH Am Studio 3 D 12489 Berlin R amp S Systems GmbH Graf Zeppelin Stra e 18 D 51147 K ln GEDIS GmbH Sophienblatt 100 D 24114 Kiel HAMEG Instruments GmbH Industriestra e 6 D 63533 Mainhausen 1171 0200 42 02 00 Phone 49 89 41 29 0 Fax 49 89 41 29 121 64 info rs rohde schwarz com Phone 49 83 31 1 08 0 49 83 31 1 08 1124 info rsmb rohde schwarz com Phone 49 99 23 8 50 0 Fax 49 99 23 8 50 174 info rsdts rohde schwarz com Phone 420 388 45 21 09 Fax 420 388 45 21 13
48. aken from 1 Data symbols are independently modulated and transmitted over a high number of closely spaced orthogonal subcarriers In OFDM VSA common modulation schemes as QPSK 16QAM and 64QAM can be defined as well as arbitrary distributed constellation points In the time domain a guard interval may be added to each symbol to combat inter OFDM symbol interference due to channel delay spread The OFDM VSA requires a cyclic prefix as guard interval which is inserted prior to each OFDM symbol Signal Bandwidth FFT N Guard Intervals Sub carriers Symbols Frequency pS Y Y Y z Y pS e z z 2 Y Y D 4 Y Y Y z Y Y a D D Y pa 2 Y 4 Y z Y 7 z Y z z pS pS pS e D z Time Fig 1 Frequency time representation of an OFDM signal In practice the OFDM signal can be generated using the inverse fast Fourier transform IFFT digital signal processing The IFFT converts a number N of complex data symbols used as frequency domain bins into the time domain signal Such an N point IFFT is illustrated in Fig 2 where a mN n refers to the n subchannel modulated data symbol during the time period mT lt t x m 1 T 1308 9629 42 T E 3 General Information R amp S FSQ K96 mi time m DT gt mi time m 1 T Sm 0 Sm 1 Sm 2 werd Sm N 1 frequency a mN N 1 Fig 2 OFDM useful symbol g
49. anto a seguridad el ctrica pueden producirse choques el ctricos incendios y o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte 1 10 11 Antes de la puesta en marcha del producto se deber comprobar siempre que la tensi n preseleccionada en el producto coincida con la de la red de alimentaci n el ctrica Si es necesario modificar el ajuste de tensi n tambi n se deber n cambiar en caso dado los fusibles correspondientes del producto Los productos de la clase de protecci n con alimentaci n m vil y enchufe individual solamente podr n enchufarse a tomas de corriente con contacto de seguridad y con conductor de protecci n conectado Queda prohibida la interrupci n intencionada del conductor de protecci n tanto en la toma de corriente como en el mismo producto La interrupci n puede tener como consecuencia el riesgo de que el producto sea fuente de choques el ctricos Si se utilizan cables alargadores o regletas de enchufe deber garantizarse la realizaci n de un examen regular de los mismos en cuanto a su estado t cnico de seguridad Si el producto no est equipado con un interruptor para desconectarlo de la red se deber considerar el enchufe del cable de conexi n como interruptor En estos casos se deber asegurar que el enchufe siempre sea de f cil acceso de acuerdo con la longitud del cable de conexi n aproximadamente 2 m Los interruptores de funci n o electr nicos no son aptos para el corte de l
50. asis Timing Tracking Timing Tracking Timing Tracking specifies whether or not the measurement results should be compensated for sample clock deviations The compensation is done on a per symbol basis Level Tracking Level Tracking Level Tracking specifies whether or not the measurement results should be compensated for power level deviations The compensation is done on a per symbol basis Channel Compensation Channel Compensation Iw Channel Compensation specifies whether or not the measurement results should be compensated for the channel transfer function The compensation is done on a per carrier basis Advanced Settings The Advanced Settings group contains settings which control certain signal processing steps within the OFDM VSA analysis software application FFT Shift relative to Cyclic Prefix Length FFT Shift rel to CP Length 05 FFT Shift rel to CP length allows to shift the FFT start sample within the guard interval This is useful if relevant parts of the channel impulse response fall outside the cyclic prefix interval FFT Shift 1 0 FFT Shift 0 0 Maximum Carrier Offset Maximum Carrier Offset 0 Maximum Carrier Offset defines the search range of the frame synchronization in frequency direction If set to zero the center frequency offset must be less than half the carrier distance Higher values allow higher frequency offsets but slow down the measurement time Swap IQ Swap 10 Swap IQ i
51. ata being analyzed 1308 9629 42 21 E 3 Operating the Software R amp S FSQ K96 Power Spectrum Power density spectrum of the complete capture buffer EVM measurements EVM vs Symbol X Carrier EVM of all cells in the analyzed frame EVM vs Carrier EVM of all carriers in the analyzed frame averaged over the symbols EVM vs Symbol EVM of all symbols in the analyzed frame averaged over the carriers Error Freg Phase Samplewise Frequency and phase error vs time Channel measurements Flatness Magnitude of the channel transfer function Group Delay Relative group delay of each single carrier averaged over all OFDM symbols Impulse Response Magnitude of the channel impulse response and position within the guard interval Constellation measurements Constellation Diagram Complex constellation diagram of the modulation symbols The different cell types are assigned to unique colors With the lt CONSTELL SELECTION softkey it is possible to suppress unwanted information Constellation vs Carrier Real and imaginary part of the modulation symbols over all carriers Constellation vs Symbol Real and imaginary part of the modulation symbols over all symbols Miscellaneous and Statistic CCDF complementary cumulative distribution function Complementary cumulative probability distribution for the capture buffer samples relative to the average power Signal Flow Detailed description of the current measurement statu
52. ate injury indicates the possibility of incorrect operation which can result in damage to NOTICE the product In the product documentation the word ATTENTION is used synonymously These tags are in accordance with the standard definition for civil applications in the European Economic Area Definitions that deviate from the standard definition may also exist in other economic areas or military applications It is therefore essential to make sure that the tags described here are always used only in connection with the related product documentation and the related product The use of tags in connection with unrelated products or documentation can result in misinterpretation and in personal injury or material damage Operating states and operating positions The product may be operated only under the operating conditions and in the positions specified by the manufacturer without the product s ventilation being obstructed If the manufacturer s specifications are not observed this can result in electric shock fire and or serious personal injury or death Applicable local or national safety regulations and rules for the prevention of accidents must be observed in all work performed 1 Unless otherwise specified the following requirements apply to Rohde amp Schwarz products predefined operating position is always with the housing floor facing down IP protection 2X pollution severity 2 overvoltage category 2 use only indoors max operat
53. ath The path where the setup software installed the R amp S FSQ K96 OFDM VSA analysis software Program folder Rohde Schwarz OFDM VSA by default Cell Basic unit of an OFDM time frequency matrix A cell is identified by a symbol number and a subcarrier number Cyclic Prefix Guard interval at the begin of the OFDM symbol to prevent intersymbol interference It contains a copy of the OFDM symbol s end FFT Fast Fourier Transform OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Subcarrier Basic unit in frequency domain Each subcarrier can be modulated independently Symbol Block in time domain consisting of the cyclic prefix and FFT interval Frame Total area of a time frequency matrix which is evaluated by the OFDMA analysis software System root The path where Microsoft Windows is installed by default this is C WINNT 1308 9629 42 107 E 3 Troubleshooting R amp S FSQ K96 9 Troubleshooting This section shows the most common problems that occur when using the OFDM VSA analysis software General errors The software does not start up only an error message occurs The graphical display component may not be installed correctly Check if the file cwui ocx is present in the System Root folder If yes re register the component by opening a command prompt in the System Root folder and typing in regsvr32 cwui ocx The software shows the start up screen but crashes during that Delete the folder OFDM_VSA_mcr from the Applica
54. ax 16 A higher fuse only after consulting with the Rohde amp Schwarz group of companies 7 Do not insert the plug into sockets that are dusty or dirty Insert the plug firmly and all the way into the socket Otherwise sparks that result in fire and or injuries may occur 8 Do not overload any sockets extension cords or connector strips doing so can cause fire or electric shocks 9 For measurements in circuits with voltages Vims gt 30 V suitable measures e g appropriate measuring equipment fusing current limiting electrical separation insulation should be taken to avoid any hazards 10 Ensure that the connections with information technology equipment e g PCs or other industrial computers comply with the IEC60950 1 EN60950 1 or IEC61010 1 EN 61010 1 standards that apply in each case 11 Unless expressly permitted never remove the cover or any part of the housing while the product is in operation Doing so will expose circuits and components and can lead to injuries fire or damage to the product 12 If a product is to be permanently installed the connection between the PE terminal on site and the product s PE conductor must be made first before any other connection is made The product may be installed and connected only by a licensed electrician 13 For permanently installed equipment without built in fuses circuit breakers or similar protective devices the supply circuit must be fused in such a way t
55. bilit environnementale Systeme de gestion de l environne ment certifi selon ISO 14001 1171 0200 11 V 04 01 Customer Support Technical support where and when you need it For quick expert help with any Rohde amp Schwarz equipment contact one of our Customer Support Centers A team of highly qualified engineers provides telephone support and will work with you to find a solution to your query on any aspect of the operation programming or applications of Rohde amp Schwarz equipment Up to date information and upgrades To keep your instrument up to date and to be informed about new application notes related to your instrument please send an e mail to the Customer Support Center stating your instrument and your wish We will take care that you will get the right information USA amp Canada East Asia Rest of the World 1171 0200 22 04 00 Monday to Friday except US public holidays 8 00 AM 8 00 PM Eastern Standard Time EST Tel from USA 888 test rsa 888 837 8772 opt 2 From outside USA 1 410 910 7800 opt 2 Fax 1 410 910 7801 E mail CustomerSupport rohde schwarz com Monday to Friday except Singaporean public holidays 8 30 AM 6 00 PM Singapore Time SGT Tel 65 6 513 0488 Fax 65 6 846 1090 E mail CustomerSupport rohde schwarz com Monday to Friday except German public holidays 08 00 17 00 Central European Time CET Tel 49 89 4129 13774 Fax 49 0 89 41 29 637 78 E m
56. by dangerous situations Therefore carefully read through and adhere to the following safety instructions before and when using the product It is also absolutely essential to observe the additional safety instructions on personal safety for example that appear in relevant parts of the product documentation In these safety instructions the word product refers to all merchandise sold and distributed by the Rohde amp ochwarz group of companies including instruments systems and all accessories Symbols and safety labels Notice general Caution Danger of Warning PE terminal Ground Ground Be careful when danger location when electric Hot surface terminal handling handling electrostatic heavy sensitive equipment devices Observe product documentation ON OFF supply Standby Direct current Alternating current Direct alternating Device fully protected by voltage indication DC AC current DC AC double reinforced insulation 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 1 Basic Safety Instructions Tags and their meaning The following signal words are used in the product documentation in order to warn the reader about risks and dangers indicates a hazardous situation which if not avoided will result in death or 4 DANGER serious injury A WARNING indicates a hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in death or serious injury indicates a hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in minor or moder
57. cells are accounted for DAT If NONE is selected the demodulator stops after the rough time synchronization Example SENS DEM FSYN PIL The frequency sync is done on pilots Characteristics RST value PIL SENSe DEMod MDETect CFG SYM CARR This command configures the auto demodulation functionality If CFG is selected the modulation matrix within the configuration file is evaluated SYM assigns the data cells of each symbol to one constellation CARR assumes one constellation for all data cells in each carrier Example SENS DEM MDET SYM The modulation type is detected symbolwise Characteristics RST value CFG SENSe DEMod FFTShift lt numeric value gt This command shifts the FFT start sample within the guard interval The value is normalized to the guard interval length Example SENSTDEM PFTS 0 6 Characteristics RST value 0 5 SENSe DEMod COFFset numeric value This command defines the maximum carrier offset allowed for frame synchronization Example SENSCDEMSGOEB 2 Freq Offset of max two subcarriers is allowed Characteristics RST value 0 1308 9629 42 95 E 3 Remote Control R amp S FSQ K96 SENSe TRACking PHASe lt Boolean gt This command activates or deactivates the phase tracking within the demodulator Note SENSe is not optional for this command when using the short form TRAC as it conflicts with the TRACe command Example SENS TR
58. collisions Never use the product in a moving vehicle if doing so could distract the driver of the vehicle Adequately secure the product in the vehicle to prevent injuries or other damage in the event of an accident Waste disposal 1 If products or their components are mechanically and or thermally processed in a manner that goes beyond their intended use hazardous substances heavy metal dust such as lead beryllium nickel may be released For this reason the product may only be disassembled by specially trained personnel Improper disassembly may be hazardous to your health National waste disposal regulations must be observed 2 If handling the product releases hazardous substances or fuels that must be disposed of in a special way e g coolants or engine oils that must be replenished regularly the safety instructions of the manufacturer of the hazardous substances or fuels and the applicable regional waste disposal regulations must be observed Also observe the relevant safety instructions in the product documentation The improper disposal of hazardous substances or fuels can cause health problems and lead to environmental damage Informaciones elementales de seguridad Es imprescindible leer y observar las siguientes instrucciones e informaciones de seguridad El principio del grupo de empresas Rohde amp Schwarz consiste en tener nuestros productos siempre al dia con los estandares de seguridad y de ofrecer a nuestros clientes el
59. ct Batteries and rechargeable batteries cells If the information regarding batteries and rechargeable batteries cells is not observed either at all or to the extent necessary product users may be exposed to the risk of explosions fire and or serious personal injury and in some cases death Batteries and rechargeable batteries with alkaline electrolytes e g lithium cells must be handled in accordance with the EN 62133 standard 1 2 Cells must not be taken apart or crushed Cells or batteries must not be exposed to heat or fire Storage in direct sunlight must be avoided Keep cells and batteries clean and dry Clean soiled connectors using a dry clean cloth Cells or batteries must not be short circuited Cells or batteries must not be stored in a box or in a drawer where they can short circuit each other or where they can be short circuited by other conductive materials Cells and batteries must not be removed from their original packaging until they are ready to be used Keep cells and batteries out of the hands of children If a cell or a battery has been swallowed seek medical aid immediately Cells and batteries must not be exposed to any mechanical shocks that are stronger than permitted If a cell develops a leak the fluid must not be allowed to come into contact with the skin or eyes If contact occurs wash the affected area with plenty of water and seek medical aid Improperly replacing or charging cells or batte
60. defines the sampling rate of the data signal at the digital IQ input The Digital Input Sampling Rate parameter is editable only when Baseband input is selected Full Scale Voltage defines the voltage corresponding to the maximum input value of the digital baseband input value 7FFF hex The Full Scale Voltage parameter is editable only when Baseband input is selected 50 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Level Settings Advanced Operating the Software The Level Settings Advanced group contains settings related to the leveling of the R amp S analyzer Auto Level Track Time Auto Level Track Time 100 ms RF Attenuation HF Attenuation 10 dE El Attenuation El Attenuation Manual JON F dB YIG Filter YIG Filter OFF Vi 1308 9629 42 Auto Level Track Time specifies the sweep time used for the auto level measurements This parameter is editable only when RF input is selected and Auto Level is enabled RF Attenuation specifies the mechanical attenuation to be applied to the input RF signal Available values 0 dB to 75 dB in steps of 5 dB The RF Attenuation parameter is editable only when RF input is selected and Auto Level is disabled EL Attenuation specifies the electrical attenuation to be applied to the input RF signal Available values 0 dB to 30 dB in steps of 5 dB The electrical attenuator can be switched off completely YIG Filter specifies the state of the YIG filter in the R amp S
61. e CALC2 FEED POW CBUF oelect Capture Buffer to be displayed on screen B Parameter String Measurement Data Type POW PVSC Power versus Symbol X Carrier POW PVCA POW PVSY Power versus Symbol Power versus Symbol EVM EVSY EVM versus Symbol EVM versus Symbol Channel Impulse Response Parameters 1308 9629 42 78 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Remote Control CONFigure Subsystem The CONFigure subsystem contains commands for configuring complex measurement tasks The CONFigure subsystem is closely linked to the functions of the FETCH subsystem where the measurement results of the measurements are queried COMMAND PARAMETERS UNIT COMMENT CONFigure ADDRess string POWer AUTO lt Boolean gt ONCE SWEep TIME lt numeric value gt SY Stem MAN ual SYMbol NFFT lt numeric value gt Samples NGuard lt numeric value gt Samples PREamble BLENgth lt numeric value gt Samples FOFFset numeric value Samples CONFigure ADDRess lt string gt This remote control command defines the network address of the signal analyzer The string specifies a VISA resource descriptor Interface Descriptor Descriptor parameters GPIB GPIB board GPIB board number optional typically skipped primary address Instrument primary GPIB address 0 31 Ss LNSTR LAN TCPIP board TCP IP board number optional typically skipped VXI 11 protocol host address Host address as TCP IP address or comput
62. e amp Schwarz v lido lo que sigue como posici n de funcionamiento se define por principio la posici n con el suelo de la caja para abajo modo de protecci n IP 2X grado de suciedad 2 categor a de sobrecarga el ctrica 2 uso solamente en estancias interiores utilizaci n hasta 2000 m sobre el nivel del mar transporte hasta 4500 m sobre el nivel del mar Se aplicar una tolerancia de 10 sobre el voltaje nominal y de 5 sobre la frecuencia nominal N No situe el producto encima de superficies veh culos estantes o mesas que por sus caracter sticas de peso o de estabilidad no sean aptos para l Siga siempre las instrucciones de instalaci n del fabricante cuando instale y asegure el producto en objetos o estructuras p ej paredes y estantes Si se realiza la instalaci n de modo distinto al indicado en la documentaci n del producto pueden causarse lesiones o incluso la muerte Gei No ponga el producto sobre aparatos que generen calor p ej radiadores o calefactores La temperatura ambiente no debe superar la temperatura maxima especificada en la documentacion del producto o en la hoja de datos En caso de sobrecalentamiento del producto pueden producirse choques el ctricos incendios y o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 8 Informaciones elementales de seguridad Seguridad el ctrica Si no se siguen o se siguen de modo insuficiente las indicaciones del fabricante en cu
63. e blocks Frequency Synchronization Frequency Sync Pilot Adel Frequency Sync specifies the synchronization steps in frequency domain If NONE is selected the received data stays unsynchronized and EVM and channel results are not available This setting is mandatory for manual configuration without a configuration file The Pilot Aided synchronization uses the predefined pilot cells as reference signal The Data Aided synchronization uses both pilots and decided data cells for an additional synchronization step Modulation Detection Modulation Detection Configuration File sl Modulation Detection specifies the operation mode of the automatic modulation detection for the data cells If Configuration File is selected the modulation matrix within the system configuration file is evaluated The symbolwise modulation detection determines a common modulation format for all data cells within one OFDM symbol The carrierwise modulation detection determines a common modulation format for all data cells within one OFDM carrier 1308 9629 42 of E 3 Operating the Software R amp S FSQ K96 Compensation Settings The Compensation Settings group allows a detailed choice of channel and synchronization parameters to be compensated before the EVM measurement Phase Tracking Phase Tracking II Phase Tracking specifies whether or not the measurement results should be compensated for common phase error The compensation is done on a per symbol b
64. e1 Received Constellation points Trace2 Ideal Constellation points CCDF Returns the complementary cumulative distribution function of the analyzed frames The power values are normalized to the mean power Trace1 Normalized power values dB Trace2 Probability values associated with the power values of trace 1 TRACe IQ SRATe numeric value This command sets the sample rate for IQ measurements Example TRAC IQ SRAT 16MHz opecifies a sample rate of 16 MHz Characteristics RST value 1308 9629 42 99 E 3 Remote Control R amp S FSQ K96 TRIGger Subsystem The trigger subsystem is used to synchronize device action s with events COMMAND PARAMETERS UNIT COMMENT TRIGger SEQuence MODE IMMediate EXTernal POWer LEVel EXTernal lt numeric_value gt V POWer numeric value DBM V AUTO lt Boolean gt HOL Doft lt numeric_value gt S TRIGger SEQuence MODE IMMediate EXTernal POWer This command configures how triggering is to be performed Parameter IMMediate Automatically triggers the next measurement at the end of the previous measurement This corresponds to the FREE RUN setting EXTernal The next measurement is triggered by the signal at the external trigger input e g a gated trigger POWer The next measurement is triggered by the detection of a signal with sufficient power Example TRIG MODE IMM The measurement will be done in free run mode Characteristics RST value
65. eneration using an IFFT The vector Smis defined as the useful OFDM symbol It is the time superposition of the N narrowband modulated subcarriers Therefore from a parallel stream of N sources of data each one independently modulated a waveform composed of N orthogonal subcarriers is obtained with each subcarrier having the shape of a frequency sinc function see Fig 1 Fig 3 illustrates the mapping from a serial stream of QAM symbols to N parallel streams used as frequency domain bins for the IFFT The N point time domain blocks obtained from the IFFT are then serialized to create a time domain signal Not shown in Fig 3 is the process of cyclic prefix insertion QAM symbol rate N T symbols sec QAM d Modulator Useful OFDM symbols Fig 3 OFDM signal generation chain 1 3GPP TR 25 892 Feasibility Study for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM for UTRAN enhancement Release 6 OFDM Parameterization A generic OFDM analyzer supports various OFDM standards Therefore a common parameterizing of OFDM systems has to be defined Time Domain Description The fundamental unit of an OFDM signal in time domain is a Sample An OFDM Symbol with a length of N samples consists of a Guard Interval of length Mg and an FFT Interval of length N prr Ns Fig 4 OFDM symbol in time domain 1308 9629 42 8 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 General Information Frequency Domain Description In frequency d
66. er name LAN device name Device name optional default instO RER TR LAN RSLB 2 RSIB protocol RSIB protocol nost adaress Host address as TCP IP address or computer name Se TNS TE Example CONF ADDR TCPIP 192 71608 121 INSTR Characteristics RST value CONFigure POWer AUTO ON OFF ONCE This remote control command is used to switch on or off automatic power level detection When switched on power level detection is performed at the start of each measurement sweep If this command is issued with the ONCE parameter the auto level routine is immediately performed one time regardless of the current state of this parameter ON or OFF Example CONF POW AUTO 1 Automatic detection of the input power level Characteristics RST value ON 1308 9629 42 79 E 3 Remote Control R amp S FSQ K96 CONFigure POWer AUTO SWEep TIME numeric value This remote control command is used to specify the seep time for the automatic power level detection Example CONF POW AUTO SWE TIME 200MS The auto power detect measurement will use a sweep time of 200 ms Characteristics RST value 100 ms CONFigure SYStem MANual This command switches the OFDM system configuration to manual mode if a configuration file was previously loaded Example CONF SYS MAN Characteristics RST value ON CONFigure SYMbol NFFT numeric value This command specifies the FFT length of an OFDM symbol Example CONF SYM N
67. eriod capture time for which the input signal is to be measured Example SENS SWEep TIME 20ms A capture time of 20 ms is specified Characteristics RST value 20 ms SENSe DEMod FORMat BURSt Boolean The burst search is controlled by this command It should be switched on for bursted OFDM signals Example SENS DEM FORM BURS ON owitches on burst search Characteristics RST value ON SENSe DEMod FORMat MAXFrames numeric value This command sets the maximum number of frames to be demodulated Example SENS DEM FORM MAXF 10 At most 10 frames are analyzed Characteristics RST value 1 1308 9629 42 94 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Remote Control SENSe DEMod FORMat NOFSymbols lt numeric value gt This command sets the number of symbols per frame to be analyzed Frames with less symbols are discarded Example SENS DEM FORM NOFS 44 44 symbols per frame are analyzed Characteristics RST value 10 SENSe DEMod TSYNc PREAM CP The time synchronization can be performed by correlating the repetitive preamble structure or the cyclic prefix Example SENS DEM TSYN CP Cyclic prefix time synchronization is selected Characteristics RST value CP SENSe DEMod FSYNc NONE PIL DAT This command selects the frequency synchronization and parameter estimation mode of the OFDM demodulator The synchronization either uses pilot cells only PIL or includes a second stage where also the decided data
68. ftware EVM vs Carrier EVMVS CARRIER The EVM vs Carrier results are selected by pressing the lt EVM gt softkey in the main measurement softkey menu followed by the lt EVM VS CARRIER softkey Beil eg Tigpar Mode F Cake Ze Aa DIE Bl Hiei BD ai SU A En Loyer Fabes Fig 24 EVM vs Carrier display The EVM vs Carrier display shows the EVM of each carrier of the received signal frames in dB or 9o depending on the unit settings with statistics in symbol direction 32 1308 9629 42 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software EVM vs Symbol The EVM vs Symbol results are selected by pressing the lt EVM gt softkey in the main measurement softkey menu followed by the lt EVM VS SYMBOL gt softkey EVMVS SYMBOL Beil eg Tigpar Mode F IN 25231 3 TEM Menmen E E a T iX Tib 10 13 14b dED ded 15D 191 EE cie Seed Hane Fig 25 EVM vs Symbol display The EVM vs Symbol display shows the EVM of each symbol of the received signal frames in dB or depending on the unit settings with statistics in carrier direction All analyzed frames are concatenated in symbol direction with blue lines marking the frame borders Carriers which contain Zero cells over the complete symbol range e g guard carriers or DC carrier are excluded from the statistic 1308 9629 42 33 E 3 Operating the Software R amp S FSQ K96 Error Freq Phase
69. g 48 Channel filter frequency responses depending on the filter order 1308 9629 42 71 E 3 Measurement in Detail R amp S FSQ K96 OFDM VSA measurement application ON OFF PREAMBLE CP FFT_SHIFT MAX_BIN_OFFSET Burst Detection Time Rough Sync B Compensate Freq Offset Synchronization Block Freq Clock EE Channel CPE Gain en Modulation Estimation hi P Estimation i Estimation i P Detection Freq Clock Offset Channel CPE Gain Pilot Aided Block Capture Buffer i Ry w o frame sync Aik Data Aided Block g Measurement Block Aik Freq Clock Channel CPE Level PHASE_TRACKING Estimation Estimation TIMING_TRACKING LEVEL_TRACKING CHANNEL_COMP Freq Clock Offset Channel CPE Gain Rik User Defined Compensation A Ik EVM Measurement Fig 49 Block diagram of the OFDM VSA measurement application The block diagram in Fig 49 shows the OFDM VSA measurement application from the capture buffer containing the I Q data to the actual analysis block The signal processing chain can be divided in four major blocks e Synchronization Block e Pilot Aided Block e Data Aided Block e Measurement Block Synchronization Block The synchronization starts with a burst detection that extracts transmission areas within a burst signal by a power threshold For seamless transmission as is the case in most broadcast systems it is possible to bypass this block The following time synchron
70. g LEVel SENSe COMPensate CHANnel SENSe DEMod FFTShift SENSe DEMod COFFset SENSe SWAPiq DISSE DISP TABLe GRAPH B POWER CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED POW PVSC CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED POW PVCA CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED POW PVSY CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED POW CBUF CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED POW PSPE EVM CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED EVM EVSC CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED EVM EVCA CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED EVM EVSY CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED EVM FERR CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED EVM PERR CHANNEL CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED CHAN FLAT CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED CHAN GDEL CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED CHAN IRES CONS TE TE CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED CONS CONS CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED CONS CVCA CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED CONS CVSY MISC CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED STAT CCDF E KEE DE CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED STAT SFLO CALCulate lt 1 2 gt FEED STAT REPT alli Q Q A D lt Y m cC U CONFIGURE CONF ADDR ANALYZER CONNECTION Hardkey FILE MMEMory STORe STATe 1308 9629 42 105 E 3 Remote Control RECALL MMEMory LOAD STATe SAVE MMEMory STORe IQ STATe IQ DATA Hardkey DISPLAY SINGLE DISPlay FORMat SING SCREEN SPLIT DISPlay FORMat SPL SCREEN HARDCOPY MMEM NAME HCOP Hardkey PRESET RST 1308 9629 42 106 R amp S FSQ K96 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Glossary 8 Glossary Application p
71. gs Menu the value will be either in dB or in percent Example FETC SUMM EVM DATA Returns mean data EVM value Characteristics RST value FETCh SUMMary EVM PILot AVERage FETCh SUMMary EVM PILot MINimum FETCh SUMMary EVM PILot MAXimum This command returns the PILOT EVM value from the result summary list Depending on the EVM unit selected in the General Settings Menu the value will be either in dB or in percent Example FETC SUMM EVM PIL Returns mean pilot EVM value Characteristics RST value FETCh SUMMary FERRor AVERage FETCh SUMMary FERRor MINimum FETCh SUMMary FERRor MAXimum This command returns the Center Frequency Error value from the result summary list in Hz Example FETC SUMM FERR Returns average frequency error in HZ Characteristics RST value FETCh SUMMary SERRor AVERage FETCh SUMMary SERRor MINimum FETCh SUMMary SERRor MAXimum This command returns the Sample Clock Error value from the result summary list in parts per million ppm Example FETC SUMM SERR Returns average sample clock error in ppm Characteristics RST value 1308 9629 42 84 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Remote Control FETCh SUMMary IQOFfset AVERage FETCh SUMMary IQOFfset MINimum FETCh SUMMary IQOFfset MAXimum This command returns the IQ Offset value from the result summary list in dB Example FETC SUMM IQOF Returns average IQ Offset in d
72. hat anyone who has access to the product as well as the product itself is adequately protected from injury or damage 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 3 14 15 16 17 18 Basic Safety Instructions Use suitable overvoltage protection to ensure that no overvoltage such as that caused by a bolt of lightning can reach the product Otherwise the person operating the product will be exposed to the danger of an electric shock Any object that is not designed to be placed in the openings of the housing must not be used for this purpose Doing so can cause short circuits inside the product and or electric shocks fire or injuries Unless specified otherwise products are not liquid proof see also section Operating states and operating positions item 1 Therefore the equipment must be protected against penetration by liquids If the necessary precautions are not taken the user may suffer electric shock or the product itself may be damaged which can also lead to personal injury Never use the product under conditions in which condensation has formed or can form in or on the product e g if the product has been moved from a cold to a warm environment Penetration by water increases the risk of electric shock Prior to cleaning the product disconnect it completely from the power supply e g AC supply network or battery Use a soft non linting cloth to clean the product Never use chemical cleaning agents such as alcohol acetone o
73. hierarchical arrangement see indentations Parameter The parameter column indicates the requested parameters together with their specified range Unit The unit column indicates the basic unit of the physical parameters Comment In the comment column an indication is made on whether the command does not have a query form whether the command has only one query form whether the command is implemented only with a certain option of the instrument Indentations The different levels of the SCPI command hierarchy are represented in the table by means of indentations to the right The lower the level the 1308 9629 42 15 E 3 Remote Control Individual description Upper lower case notation Special characters u Description of parameters lt Boolean gt lt numeric value gt 1308 9629 42 R amp S FSQ K96 further the indentation to the right Please note that the complete notation of the command always includes the higher levels as well Example SENSe FREQuency CENTer Is represented in the table as follows SENSe first level FREQuency second level CENTer third level The individual description contains the complete notation of the command An example for each command the RST value and the SCPI information are included as well Upper lower case letters are used to mark the long or short form of the key words of a command in the description The instrument itself does not distinguish bet
74. ies the unit of general frequency axes Available values Hertz Sample Rate or Subcarrier Spacing x Units EVM Error Freg Phase Number af Settling Symbols 10 Fig 41 EVM Tab ofthe Measurement Settings Menu Error Freq Phase The Error Freq Phase group contains settings regarding the Error Freq Phase measurement within the EVM measurement group Number of Settling Symbols Number of Settling Symbols 0 Number of Settling Symbols specifies the number of symbols per frame used for the evaluation of the samplewise frequency and phase error calculation 1308 9629 42 53 E 3 Operating the Software R amp S FSQ K96 Demodulation settings This section describes the demodulation settings of the software for running a correct measurement by means of OFDM system configuration and demodulation control options The lt DEMOD SETTINGS gt softkey opens the Demodulation Settings panel Demodulation Setup Xx System Contig D emad Ctrl DEMOD SETTINGS r System Configuration Manual Configuration a Configuration File ro FDH genuinexsystems wW iM ax fdm Hagl amp 1 NM wi axOfdm_Ngil6_16QAM Way OFDM with Tg Tb 1 16 Data modulation 1604H OFDM Symbol Characteristics FFT Length 256 Samples 16 Samples Preamble Symbol Characteristics Block Length b4 Samples 16 Samples Cyclic Prefis Length Frame Offset Frame Characteristics Frame Length 100 Sy
75. ing altitude 2000 m above sea level max transport altitude 4500 m above sea level A tolerance of 10 shall apply to the nominal voltage and 5 to the nominal frequency N Do not place the product on surfaces vehicles cabinets or tables that for reasons of weight or stability are unsuitable for this purpose Always follow the manufacturer s installation instructions when installing the product and fastening it to objects or structures e g walls and shelves An installation that is not carried out as described in the product documentation could result in personal injury or death d Do not place the product on heat generating devices such as radiators or fan heaters The ambient temperature must not exceed the maximum temperature specified in the product documentation or in the data sheet Product overheating can cause electric shock fire and or serious personal injury or death 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 2 Basic Safety Instructions Electrical safety If the information on electrical safety is not observed either at all to the extent necessary electric shock fire and or serious personal injury or death may occur 1 Prior to switching on the product always ensure that the nominal voltage setting on the product matches the nominal voltage of the AC supply network If a different voltage is to be set the power fuse of the product may have to be changed accordingly 2 Inthe case of products of safety class with movable powe
76. ion The modulation format of the data cells must be known or can be estimated in a modulation estimation block Don t care regions are cells that aren t evaluated for EVM measurement but contain signal power Finally zero cells contain no signal power at all Typically these are guard carriers around DC or at the edges of the carrier axis 1308 9629 42 9 E 3 General Information R amp S FSQ K96 ae DC Cartier Guard carriers Pilot Matrix A pilot matrix contains known complex numbers in the matrix cells which are defined as pilot cells in the structure matrix Within the analyzer the pilot matrix is correlated with the received time frequency matrix to get the frame start and the frequency offset of the received signal relative to the given structure matrix i gt Bl Pilots Fig 7 Example of a pilot matrix Constellation Vector A constellation vector contains all possible numbers in the complex plane that belong to a specific modulation format Constellation vectors must be defined for each possible data modulation format The magnitude within the constellation vectors must be scaled according to the pilot matrix One entry in the constellation vector is called constellation point Differential modulation is not supported The respective absolute modulation scheme must be used instead e g QPSK instead of DQPSK Periodically rotated constellations are not supported The set union of al
77. is selected by pressing the lt CONSTELL gt softkey in the main measurement softkey menu followed by the lt CONSTELL gt softkey V DATE RTE 1 Koi _ rey Frequency O E 0 O O I Trot tee EF 13 0 7 SEN 17T Trapar Mode Free De CP Length IBI BETTY Hrs Cn te ates D n zg GEER MESS O BERND SERIES ES y id 15 i 05 1 LE 2 ab j 25 Res Fa CIHISTELL z a P F e SELES TH Fig 30 Constellation Diagram display The Constellation Diagram display shows the inphase and quadrature phase results over the full range of the measured input data The ideal points for the selected cell types are displayed for reference purposes 1308 9629 42 38 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software Constellation vs Carrier CONSTELL VS 1308 9629 42 The Constellation vs Carrier diagram is selected by pressing the lt CONSTELL gt softkey in the main measurement softkey menu followed by the lt CONSTELL VS CARRIER gt softkey BEND ZEETHIGS ema M CIHISTELL zn E 40 GU El 100 iin L ps CIHISTELL j j i Y SELECTA ET ARANA OFDM Ws Pel CTHIT SCREEN A Fig 31 Constellation vs Carrier display The Constellation vs Carrier display shows the inphase and quadrature magnitude results of all symbols over the respective carriers The inphase values are displayed as yellow dots the quadrature values are displayed as blue dots 39 E 3
78. it subsystem specifies the units for specific result types COMMAND PARAMETERS UNIT COMMENT DB PCT SYM S CARR HZ S SAM SYM HZ SRAT CSP This command specifies the units for EVM results UNIT EVM DB PCT Parameter DB EVM results returned in dB PCT EVM results returned in Example UNIT EVM PCT EVM results to be returned in 9o Characteristics RST value dB UNIT SAXes SYM S This command specifies the units for symbol axes e g EVM vs symbol Parameter SYM Symbol numbers S Seconds Example UNIT SAX SYM Symbol numbers as axis unit Characteristics RST value SYM UNIT CAXes CARR HZ This command specifies the units for carrier axes e g EVM vs carrier Parameter CARR Subcarrier numbers HZ Hertz Example UNIT CAX CARR Subcarrier numbers as axis unit Characteristics RST value CARR UNIT TAXes S SAM SYM This command specifies the units for time axes e g channel impulse response Parameter S Seconds SAM Sample numbers SYM Symbol numbers Example UNIT TAX S Seconds as axis unit Characteristics RST value s 1308 9629 42 102 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 UNIT FAXes HZ SRAT CSP This command specifies the units for frequency axes e g power spectrum Parameter HZ Seconds SRAT Sample rate CSP Subcarrier spacing Example UNIT FAX Hz Hertz as axis unit Characteristics RST value Hz 1308 9629 42 103 Remote Control E 3 Remote Contro
79. ive Distribution Function 8997 A UN 41 Constellation Diagram sess 38 Demodulation report 43 Error Freg EH 34 EVM VS Carel det isole ieu a haere lunam 32 EVM vs SVImbDOl cessions ee 33 EVM vs Symbol X Carrier sess 31 GIOUD DOlaV naar 36 Header table do een 24 GL r 26 Power Spectrum aetati ut obe aes det aliat mess 30 Power vs Carter 27 Power vs Symbol ue ee d re tena 28 Power vs Symbol X Cartier esses 26 weno BEP 42 SL cT 20 MoasUrerebls ut silanes eege 21 O OFDM EE 7 OFDNI System Class o gees ege 69 Operating the sofiware sse 21 P Preamble Symbol Characteristics 00 00an0an0aanaaanaanaaae 55 Q QUICK SEAM T 17 R Reference Level cit 46 REMOS Conto seats een 75 Restul SUN vcd 44 ii een kn 51 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 S Sampling Ral ds 46 Screen FL EE 59 Eeer 59 Settings DEMONIO A aaa 54 ES A A bg 45 Measurement EE 52 Softkey BACKGROUND COLOR esee 59 CAPTURE B RFER dette nta as and 29 87 EE EORR ee 41 CONFIG ANALYZER CONNECTION 62 CONFIGURE NETWORK eene 14 CONFIGURE SOFTWARE eee 63 CONS TEED EE 38 CONS TELE SELEGTION idi deg 41 CONSTELL VS CARRIERE 39 CONSTELL VS SYMBOL eem 40 DATA SOURGE e cnet ose cada 62 DEMODSSSETTINGS trot roo EE e mE 54 ERROR FREQ PHASE art t ttr ts 34 EVMVSSCARR eto ioo echo ctr eder eO ain 32 EVM VS SYM X CAR 31 EVM WS
80. ization uses either the preamble or the cyclic prefix of each OFDM symbol to find the optimum starting point for the FFT by a correlation metric If preamble synchronization is selected the correlation is done between successive blocks of a repetitive preamble structure Alternatively the cyclic prefix synchronization correlates the guard interval of each symbol with the end of the FFT part Both methods additionally return an estimation of the fractional frequency offset by evaluating the phase of the correlation maximum This frequency offset has to be compensated before the FFT to avoid intercarrier interference By default the FFT starting point is put in the center of the guard interval assuming a symmetric impulse response but it can optionally be shifted within the guard interval After performing the FFT for each available OFDM symbol a time frequency matrix Ry with symbol index and subcarrier index k is available The following frame synchronization determines the frame start within this matrix and the integer carrier frequency offset This is done by a two dimensional correlation of KR with the known pilot matrix from 1308 9629 42 12 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Measurement in Detail the configuration file To avoid unnecessary computing time for signals with low frequency offset the search length in the frequency direction can be limited by a control parameter Pilot Aided Block The pilot aided block within the signal processing
81. l R amp S FSQ K96 Softkeys with assignment of IEC IEEE bus commands Hardkey MAIN SE BEINGS GENER MEAs Sl PINGS GENER MEAS 1308 9629 42 Primary SENSe FREQuency CENTer TRACe IQ SRATe SENSe SWEep TIME DISPlay TRACe Y RLEVel RF SENSe VOLTage 1Q RANGe CONFigure POWer AUTO DISPlay TRACe Y RLEVel OFFSet TRIGger SEQuence MODE TRIGger SEQuence HOLDoff TRIGger SEQuence LEVel POWer TRIGger SEQuence LEVel POWer AUTO INPut SELect INPut FILTer CHANnel STATe INPut FILTer CHANnel BANDwidth INPut FILTer CHANnel ORDer Advanced INPut 10 IMPedance INPut IQ BALanced STATe SENSe IQ LPASS STATe SENSe IQ DITHer STATe INPut DIQ SRATe INPut DIQ RANGe UPPer CONFigure POWer AUTO SWEep TIME INPut ATTenuation INPut EATT INPut EATT AUTO INPut EATT STATe INPut FILTer YIG STATe Units UNIT EVM UNIT SAXes UNIT CAXes UNIT TAXes UNIT FAXes EVM 104 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Remote Control DEMOD System Config SETTINGS CONFigure SYStem MANual MMEMory LOAD CFGFile CONFigure SYStem SYMbol NFFT CONFigure SYStem SYMbol NGuard CONFigure SYStem PREamble BLENgth CONFigure SYStem PREamble FOFFset Demod Control SENSe DEMod FORMat BURSt SENSe DEMod FORMat MAXFrames SENSe DEMod FORMat NOFSymbols SENSe DEMod TSYNC SENSe DEMod FSYNC SENSe DEMod MDETect SENSe TRACking PHASe SENSe TRACking TIME SENSe TRACkin
82. l constellations must be used instead e g 8PSK instead of Pl 4 DQPSk Constellation Point Fig 8 QPSK constellation vector 1308 9629 42 10 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 General Information Modulation Matrix A modulation matrix contains numbers to the underlying constellation vector for each cell which is defined as data cell in the structure matrix Clusters of data cells with the same modulation therefore share the same number A data cell can also contain an unused number that is a number for which no constellation vector is defined In this case all data cells sharing that number are assumed to use one and only one of the valid constellation vectors This method can be used within the OFDM VSA to allow an automatic modulation detection a Al Data Cells Constellation Vectors 2 unused Fig 9 Example of a modulation matrix Preamble Description The OFDM demodulator shall support synchronization on repetitive preamble symbols A repetitive preamble contains several repetitions of one time domain block Fig 10 shows exemplarily the parameterization of a repetitive preamble symbol which contains a five times repetition of block T The structure matrix can have an arbitrary offset to the begin of the preamble symbol If the offset is zero or negative the preamble is also contained within the frame and is used for further estimation processes Preamble Symbol NS gt BlockLength Frame Structure Matrix ne
83. la piel ni los ojos Si se produce contacto lavar con agua abundante la zona afectada y avisar a un medico En caso de cambio o recarga inadecuados las celdas o baterias que contienen electrolitos alcalinos p ej las celdas de litio pueden explotar Para garantizar la seguridad del producto las celdas o baterias solo deben ser sustituidas por el tipo Rohde amp Schwarz correspondiente ver lista de recambios Las baterias y celdas deben reciclarse y no deben tirarse a la basura domestica Las baterias o acumuladores que contienen plomo mercurio o cadmio deben tratarse como residuos especiales Respete en esta relacion las normas nacionales de eliminacion y reciclaje Transporte 1 El producto puede tener un peso elevado Por eso es necesario desplazarlo o transportarlo con precauci n y si es necesario usando un sistema de elevaci n adecuado p ej una carretilla elevadora a fin de evitar lesiones en la espalda u otros da os personales Las asas instaladas en los productos sirven solamente de ayuda para el transporte del producto por personas Por eso no est permitido utilizar las asas para la sujeci n en o sobre medios de transporte como p ej gr as carretillas elevadoras de horquilla carros etc Es responsabilidad suya fijar los productos de manera segura a los medios de transporte o elevaci n Para evitar da os personales o da os en el producto siga las instrucciones de seguridad del fabricante del medio de transp
84. lation settings global settings and l Q data FILE 1308 9629 42 The FILE hardkey opens the file management softkey menu WII Disp e ET OA V 56 DA NA Fig 45 File management menu Use lt SAVE gt to open a standard file dialog to save the current settings of the OFDM VSA software application Use lt RECALL gt to open a standard file dialog to load and apply a previously saved setting file Use SAVE IQ DATA to open a standard file dialog to save the current UO data in the capture buffer Use lt SAVE DEMOD DATA gt to open a standard file dialog to save the processed and demodulated data in a time frequency matrix Please refer to section 4 Import and Export of Data for details on the file format 60 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software Software Setup This section describes the setup of the OFDM VSA software application and the connected R amp S analyzer The SETUP hardkey opens the software setup softkey menu It also closes any settings panels that are open dr Rohde amp Schwarz OFDM YSA 3 Configuration Sampling Frequency FFT Length Capture Length CP Length CONFIGURE pen ANALYZER Trigger Offset CONNECTION Capture Buffer DATA SOURCE STR FILE Level dBm 0 1 5 Time ms Constellation Diagram mo CONFIGURE SOFTWARE mn Imaginary Part Es auium adm auium SHOW LOGGING SYSTEM INFO EXIT OFDM VSA OFDM VSA RUN SGL RUN CONT wenn SCREEN A
85. length Although the channel is assumed to be stationary common phase error and power level variations are estimated symbol by symbol over the complete frame This takes settling effects of oscillators and power amplifiers into account All estimated impairments are fully compensated to get an optimum signal for the subsequent modulation detection and data decision stage The modulation detection block determines the modulation type of the data cells Either each carrier or each symbol can be assigned to one specific constellation Alternatively the modulation information provided in the configuration file is evaluated to extract clusters of data cells with consistent modulation The estimator uses a maximum likelihood approach where each cluster of data cells is compared with all possible modulation hypotheses and the most probable constellation for each cluster is used for the subsequent data decision The data decision block finally outputs a reference signal matrix A which is an optimum estimate of the actual transmitted OFDM frame Data Aided Block The data aided block can be activated optionally to refine the parameter estimations with the help of the reference signal Whereas the previous stages could only include pilot cells for the estimation algorithms the data aided part can treat data cells as additional pilots This increases the accuracy of the estimates in good signal to noise environments without data decision errors However if
86. lic Prefix area of an OFDM symbol in time domain in number of samples Preamble Symbol Characteristics The Preamble Symbol Characteristics group contains settings to specify the preamble symbol in time domain These parameters are used only if Preamble Synchronisation is selected in the Demod Control settings tab Block Length Block Length b4 Samples Frame Offset Frame Offset 16 Samples 1308 9629 42 Block Length specifies the length of one data block within the repetitive preamble in number of samples Frame Offset specifies the time offset from the preamble start to the actual frame start in number of samples 55 E 3 Operating the Software R amp S FSQ K96 Frame Characteristics The Frame Characteristics group contains settings to specify the complete OFDM frame Frame Length Frame Length 100 symbols Frame Length displays the length of the configured OFDM frame This is the maximum evaluation length for which a configuration exists The parameter has no meaning in manual mode Demodulation Setup b Xx System Config Demod Ctrl General Settings Burst Search Max Frames to Analyze Number of Symbols per Frame Synchronization Settings Time Dun Cyclic Prefix Frequency Sync Pilot Aided Modulation Detection Configuration File Compensation Settings Phase Tracking Timing Tracking Level Tracking Channel Compensation Advanced Settings FF
87. ll measurement settings summary The settings summary includes the following information e Configuration Name of the loaded configuration or Manual e Frequency The analyzer RF frequency e Capture Length Capture length in number of samples and time e Sampling Frequency System sample rate e FFT Length Length of the FFT interval in number of samples e CP Length Length of Cyclic prefix interval in number of samples e Ref Level Reference level of the analyzer e Trigger Mode Trigger condition of the analyzer e Trigger Offset Offset of the capture buffer relative to the trigger point 1308 9629 42 24 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software Evaluating the results Operating the graph Context menu Zoom Pan Copy Image to Clipboard Show Data Points Using the right mouse button on the graphical displays you can select several options to perform a more detailed measurement on the displayed graphics Copy Image to Clipboard Copy Image to Clipboard Show Data Points Auto xY Default Zoom Show Data Points Zoom XY Clicking the graph with the left mouse button and holding it down will select an X and Y area to Zoom in on A Clicking the graph with the left mouse button and holding it down will open a range which can be used to select an X area to zoom in on Y Clicking the graph with the left mouse button and holding it down will open a range which can be used to select a Y area to zoom in on Auto XY
88. lot aided estimation on frame z Bin offset 0 0007 9394 Clock offset 00084003 ppm Channel estimation passed Sumbalwise estimation passed Modulation detection passed Data decision passed I impairment delta 0 00057 236 6 1 8556 51 Fig 36 Demodulation Report The demodulation report lists messages generated by the signal processing kernel It can give additional hints about the signal processing chain 1308 9629 42 43 E 3 Operating the Software R amp S FSQ K96 Result summary The Result Summary table is displayed for UO measurements when the display mode is set to LIST This table shows the overall scalar measurement results The statistic is performed over all analyzed frames within the capture buffer Rohde amp Schwarz OFDM YSA Configuration WlanA_64QAM sampling Frequency 20 00 MHz FFT Length SETTINGS Frames 4 GENER MEAS Symbols per Frame 100 DEMOD SETTINGS DISPLAY GRAPH LIST Crest Factor CONSTELL JL MISC STATISTIC gt CAPTURE per EXIT OFDM VSA OFDM VSA RUN SGL RUN CONT REFRESH SCREEN A Fig 37 Result Summary display The Result Summary display is selected by pressing the DISPLAY LIST gt softkey which is available in all main measurement menus and submenus Automatic level detection Automatic level detection allows the Signal Level and Reference Level settings to be adjusted to the input signal Automatic level detection can be performed by setting Auto Level in
89. maximo grado de seguridad Nuestros productos y todos los equipos adicionales son siempre fabricados y examinados segun las normas de seguridad vigentes Nuestro sistema de garantia de calidad controla constantemente que sean cumplidas estas normas El presente producto ha sido fabricado y examinado segun el certificado de conformidad adjunto de la UE y ha salido de nuestra planta en estado impecable segun los est ndares t cnicos de seguridad Para poder preservar este estado y garantizar un funcionamiento libre de peligros el usuario deber atenerse a todas las indicaciones informaciones de seguridad y notas de alerta El grupo de empresas Rohde amp Schwarz est siempre a su disposici n en caso de que tengan preguntas referentes a estas informaciones de seguridad Adem s queda en la responsabilidad del usuario utilizar el producto en la forma debida Este producto est destinado exclusivamente al uso en la industria y el laboratorio o si ha sido expresamente autorizado para aplicaciones de campo y de ninguna manera deber ser utilizado de modo que alguna persona cosa pueda sufrir dario El uso del producto fuera de sus fines definidos o sin tener en cuenta las instrucciones del fabricante queda en la responsabilidad del usuario El fabricante no se hace en ninguna forma responsable de consecuencias a causa del mal uso del producto 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 6 Informaciones elementales de seguridad Se parte del uso correcto del producto pa
90. mbols Fig 42 system configuration tab of the Demodulation Setup menu System Configuration The System Configuration group contains general settings to specify the OFDM system Manual Configuration Manual Configuration allows to specify an OFDM system without using a system configuration file The basic OFDM parameters can be entered manually If manual configuration is enabled no frame synchronization can be performed EVM or Channel measurements are not available The constellation diagram will still show a rotation Manual Configuration Configuration File Configuration File Y OFDM_genuine systems wiMaxOfdm_ Ngie_ Configuration File allows to load a configuration PET file which defines the specific OFDM system P The M Fa Pressing Opens a file manager Data modulation 16QAM configuration file contains the system name and a system description which are displayed within the text fields 1308 9629 42 94 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software OFDM Symbol Characteristics The OFDM Symbol Characteristics group contains settings to specify the OFDM symbol in time domain FFT Length FFT Length 256 Samples Cyclic Prefix Length Cyclic Prefi Length 16 Samples FFT Length specifies the length of the FFT area of an OFDM symbol in time domain in number of samples This parameter is editable only when manual configuration is selected Cyclic Prefix Length specifies the length of the Cyc
91. me The length of the time axis is specified as number of settling symbols in the EVM measurement setup menu Trace1 Frequency error vs time Hz Phase Error Returns the phase error versus time The length of the time axis is specified as number of settling symbols in the EVM measurement setup menu Trace1 Phase error vs time deg Channel Flatness Returns the spectrum flatness in dB as list over all subcarriers 1308 9629 42 98 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Remote Control Trace1 Mean values averaged over all frames dB Trace2 Minimum values dB Trace3 Maximum values dB Channel Group Delay Returns the channel group delay in ns as list over all subcarriers Trace1 Mean values averaged over all frames ns Trace2 Minimum values ns Trace3 Maximum values ns Channel Impulse Response Returns the channel impulse response versus time This is the inverse FFT of the estimated channel transfer function The time axis spans one FFT interval Trace1 Normalized channel impulse response averaged over all frames Trace2 Minimum values Trace3 Maximum values Constellation Returns the constellation points of all evaluated OFDM cells The result matrix is written symbol wise Le all subcarriers of one symbol are written before the next symbol begins All detected frames are transferred The IQ data is interleaved i e each constellation point comprises of an value followed immediately by the associated Q value Trac
92. mentaci n del producto La eliminaci n incorrecta de sustancias peligrosas o combustibles puede causar da os a la salud o da os al medio ambiente 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 12 1171 0300 41 Kundeninformation zur Batterieverordnung BattV Dieses Gerat enthalt eine schadstoffhaltige Batterie Diese darf nicht mit dem Hausmull entsorgt werden Nach Ende der Lebensdauer darf die Entsorgung nur uber eine Rohde amp Schwarz Kundendienststelle oder eine geeig nete Sammelstelle erfolgen Safety Regulations for Batteries according to BattV This equipment houses a battery containing harmful sub stances that must not be disposed of as normal household waste After its useful life the battery may only be disposed of ata Rohde amp Schwarz service center or at a suitable depot Normas de Seguridad para Baterias Segun BattV Este equipo lleva una bateria que contiene sustancias per judiciales que no se debe desechar en los contenedores de basura domesticos Despu s de la vida util la bater a solo se podr eliminar en un centro de servicio de Rohde amp Schwarz o en un dep sito apropiado Consignes de s curit pour batteries selon BattV Cet appareil est quip d une pile comprenant des sub stances nocives Ne jamais la jeter dans une poubelle pour ordures m nag res Une pile usag e doit uniquement tre limin e par un cen tre de service client de Rohde amp Schwarz ou peut tre col lect e pour
93. ments may be performed for RF or baseband input 1308 9629 42 29 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software Power Spectrum POWER SPECTRUM The Power Spectrum is selected by pressing the POWER softkey in the main measurement softkey menu followed by the POWER SPEC TRUM gt softkey d fobije amp Schwarz e Vo amor Preg ueno FFT Length CP Lennii C nnm mirar Fre uei feck Game Lera Fiss Speco Make MEL ID Een HH Minimen 1222 Ganz ES 73659 HH a i 2 Ok Frequency HH oa ow zm Fig 22 Power Spectrum display The Power Spectrum display shows the power density spectrum of the complete capture buffer in dBm Hz 30 E 3 1308 9629 42 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software EVM vs Symbol X Carrier EVM VS The EVM vs Symbol X Carrier results are selected by pressing the EVM softkey in EN the main measurement softkey menu followed by the lt EVM VS SYM X CARR gt softkey dr obje 3c Schranz DRO MEA E ut Lera GETT IT oe Herman EEE oe Corr Fhris Fig 23 EVM vs Sym X Carr display The EVM vs Sym X Carr display shows the EVM of each carrier in each symbol of the received signal frames in dB or depending on the unit settings The values are color coded using a colormap which is displayed on the top of the measurement window All analyzed frames are concatenated in symbol direction 1308 9629 42 31 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the So
94. n numeric value numeric value Boolean FSQ B17 Option only FSQ B17 Option only FSU B25 Option only FSU B25 Option only SELect RF AIQ DIQ FILE IQ BALanced FSQ B71 Option only STATe Boolean FSQ B71 Option only IMPedance LOW HIGH FSQ B71 Option only INPut ATTenuation numeric value This command specifies the current input mechanical attenuator The step width is 10 dB without the electronic attenuator option and the range is O dB to 70 dB The input attenuation can be set in 5 dB steps between O dB and 75 dB with the electronic attenuator option Example INP ATT Returns the current mechanical attenuator setting in use Characteristics RST value 10 dB INPut DIQ RANGe UPPer numeric value This remote control command specifies the full scale level of the digital base band input Note that this command requires option FSQ B17 Example INP DIQ RANG Returns the full scale level of the digital baseband input Characteristics RST value 1 V INPut DIQ SRATe numeric value This remote control command specifies the sampling rate for the digital base band input Note that this command requires option FSQ B17 Example INP EDIO SRAT Characteristics RST value 81 6 MHz 1308 9629 42 89 E 3 Remote Control R amp S FSQ K96 INPut EATT lt numeric value gt This command specifies the attenuation of the current input electronic input attenuator The attenuation setting ca
95. n only be varied in 5 dB steps from O to 30 dB Other entries are rounded to the next lower integer value The electronic attenuator is switched off in the default state Example INP EATT Returns the current electronic attenuator setting in use Characteristics RST value 0 dB The command is only available with the electronic attenuator option FSU B25 INPut EATT STATe Boolean This command switches the electronic input attenuation into the signal path state ON or removes it from the signal path state OFF Example INP EATT STAT ON owitches the electronic attenuator into the signal path Characteristics RST value OFF The command is only available with the electronic attenuator option FSU B25 INPut FILTer CHANnel STATe Boolean This command switches an adjustable channel filter into the signal path condition ON or removes it from the signal path condition OFF Example INP FILT CHAN ON Selects the adjustable channel filter Characteristics RST value OFF INPut FILTer CHANnel BANDwidth numeric value The 6 dB bandwidth of the channel filter is specified by this command Example INP FILT CHAN BAND 14MHZ Sets the filter bandwidth to 14 MHz Characteristics RST value 20 MHz INPut FILTer CHANnel ORDer numeric value This command sets the filter order of the lowpass channel filter Odd orders are rounded to the next higher even number The number of filter taps is the filter order plus 1
96. n what is going wrong within the signal analysis Unused blocks are crossed out For the synchronization blocks a bar is shown giving information about the reliability of the synchronization result If the level in the bar falls below the thresholds indicated by the horizontal line the color of the bar changes from green to yellow and finally to red When the synchronization of the block fails the complete block changes its color and all succeeding arrows change their color too For detailed information about the complete synchronization process please refer to section 6 1308 9629 42 42 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software Demodulation Report REPORT The demodulation report is selected pressing the lt MISC STATISTIC gt softkey in the main measurement softkey menu followed by the REPORT softkey Demodulation Report i x F6 Nov 2007 16 19 51 Burst search z bursts found Synchronization Burst 1 CP zunc metric 0 99059 CP sunc fractional bin offset 000044654 Frame 1 Frame sync metric U 33832 Integer bin offset 0 Synchronization Burst 2 CP zunc metric 0 99055 CP zunc fractional bin offset 0 00045452 Frame 1 Frame sync metric 0 99926 Integer bin offset 0 Pilot aided estimation on frame 1 Bin offset 0 00019439 Clock offset 0 0094501 ppm Channel estimation passed Symbolwise estimation passed Modulation detection passed Data decision passed IQ impairment deltall 0 00051 767 6 5964e 0051 Pi
97. nnel Compensation ME 58 Advanced SelllNgs EE 58 FFT Shift relative to Cyclic Prefix Length 58 Maximum e e 58 WO Ohren ee ee ae 58 BIG eine EE 59 FG managemen LENT MDC RN 60 welchem 61 Configure Analyzer Connection ee ei Ee 62 Data Source Instrument or Eilei ENEE 62 COMMOUG SOM cce E 63 SNOW LOGGING usitate ies ta gus MEME na EUM MEI ELM 63 orem M T 64 4 Jmport and Export Of Data EEN 65 LAO Fe xo PCC AA eer 65 Dernodauleuorn dali A du doa dos tow ceu ua du uev Gu urat 66 Biel 6 5 System Configuration File 2002200 2002000000n0nnunnnunnun ann nun nun nun nun nun nun 68 Configuration ie TO EE D I le BIR Ee EEN 69 6 Measurements In SCAN erung 70 IN Processing aea NEE A A a E EA 70 1308 9629 42 9 E 3 Contents R amp S FSQ K96 pala 6 AUBIN G WE 70 RS FAIS o a e Eo o 71 OFDM VSA measurement application 12 syncnronizattob BIOCKar sense 72 o een ee 73 Data e Ee We EE 73 Measurement Blocs asa 73 Measurement result definitions cccccssssssecssecsseeseesssecssecssessssecssecssesseeseecseecsesesasscsuecssessnsestscstecseesestseases 14 EITOPVecIOF magnitude EV Meinen 14 AA A 74 7 Remote CoMo incio 75 Enabling Remote O as 75 DESCHIBLION OFCOMMANds unten ee een eisen ea 15 Eer 116 9 EE 15 COMMON COMMAS EE 77 EE EE 78 CONFIQUIC SUS a 79 Ree EEN 81 ann Re EE 83
98. nterchanges the channel and the Q channel 1308 9629 42 58 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software Display settings The layout of the display can be controlled using the display menu DS The DISP hardkey opens the display softkey menu It also closes any settings panels that are open Capture Hafler Sample Gui Cossio Disp ar Fig 44 Display menu The display menu allows the display to be changed between split and full screen for UO measurement results UO measurements can be run in split screen or in full screen mode The active screen can be selected by pressing the SCREEN A SCREEN B hotkey In full screen mode the SCREEN A SCREEN B hotkey also toggles which screen is displayed The background color of the software can be changed by pressing the BACKGROUND COLOR softkey and selecting a color in the color selection dialog The lt HARDCOPY gt softkey saves a screenshot of the application window in the following formats e BMP Uncompressed pixel format e G F Color compressed pixel format with 256 colors platform independent e JPEG Compressed pixel format e PNG Lossless compressed pixel format e TIFF Format for high color depth images The lt HARDCOPY TO CLIPBOARD softkey sends a screenshot of the application window to the operating system clipboard 1308 9629 42 99 E 3 Operating the Software R amp S FSQ K96 File management This section describes the file management of demodu
99. ock diagrams in Fig 47 and Fehler Verweisquelle konnte nicht gefunden werden show the R amp S analyzer hardware from the IF section to the processor running the OFDM VSA downlink measurement application Sampling 4 Msam l ple R amp S FSG IF Filter Clock 16 Msample R amp S FSQ 50 20 10 81 6 MHz 235 Msample R amp S FSQ B100 3 1 0 3 Digital Down Converter 705 Msample R amp S FSQ B102 IF 20 4 MHz IF 81 6 MHz Decimation Filter Halfband Filter Processor R amp S FSQ B72 1777 L IF 408 MHz A ee E E j downsamplin decimation b IF Fiter Sampling factor Me a 2An d 120 MHz Clock sampling rate 81 6 MHz 326 4 MHz LO 326 4 MHz to 400 Hz 326 4 MHz Fig 47 Data capturing mechanism of the R amp S FSQ 1308 9629 42 70 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Measurement in Detail Channel filter The OFDM VSA can use the internal channel filter of the instrument or apply an adjustable lowpass filter Table 1 lists the filter bandwidths of the internal channel filter which are fully equalized within the digital hardware Table 1 Internal analyzer bandwidth depending on the target sampling rate MA sampling rate bandwidth max bandwidth 400 Hz to 81 6 MHz 0 8 x sampling rate 28 MHz w o R amp S FSQ B72 R amp S FSQ 81 6 MHz to 326 4 MHz KIT 120 MHz with R amp S FSQ B72 with R amp S FSQ B72 ping Alternatively to the internal filters a lowpass filter
100. omain the FFT intervals of the OFDM symbols are transformed into the frequency domain using a discrete fourier transform The successive symbols of the OFDM signal are displayed in time frequency matrices The fundamental unit of an OFDM signal in frequency domain is a Cell A column of cells at the same frequency is called Carrier A row of cells at the same time is called Symbol The carrier number is the column index of a time frequency matrix The number OU is assigned to the so called DC Carrier which lies at the transmitter center frequency The total number of carriers is N ppr The DC Carrier Offset determines the position of the DC carrier relative to the lowermost carrier and is an inherent attribute of the FFT algorithm gt 2 2 sl The symbol number is the row index of a time frequency matrix The first symbol gets the number 0 The total area of a time frequency matrix is called Frame A frame is the highest level unit used in the OFDM VSA Carrier No 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Symbol No Fig 5 Time Frequency matrix Structure Matrix The structure matrix defines the complete frame and subclassifies the OFDM system into e Pilot cells e Data cells e Dont Care cells e Zero cells Pilot cells contain known values and are used for various synchronization and parameter estimation purposes Data cells contain the user data or payload of the transmiss
101. ort and Export Limits Purpose The limit definition is used to specify user defined limits Currently limits are only used in the Result Table IMAIN DISPLAY LIST gt Format The limit definition can be provided as XML An example including comments on how to use the definition is shown below lt Limits gt lt EVMA11 gt lt Unit dB gt lt EVMData gt lt Unit dB gt lt EVMPilot gt lt Unit dB gt lt IQOffset gt lt Unit dB gt lt IQGainImbalance gt lt Unit dB gt lt IQQuadratureError gt lt Unit deg gt lt FrequencyError gt lt Unit Hz gt lt SampleClockError gt lt Unit ppm gt lt FramePower gt lt Unit dBm gt lt CrestFactor gt lt Unit dB gt lt Limits gt lt Example lt Limits gt lt EVMAll Mean 40 Max 30 gt lt Limits gt gt Limit definitions which are not required may be skipped by making no entries or by deleting the complete tag Usage IMPORT The limit definition file must be placed in the same folder as the OFDM VSA application binary Program folder Rohde Schwarz OFDM VSA by default The file name must be limits xml The file is read once during the start up process of the software 1308 9629 42 67 E 3 System Configuration File R amp S FSQ K96 5 System Configuration File This section describes the format and generation of the OFDM system configuration file The system configuration file con
102. orte o elevaci n utilizado Si se utiliza el producto dentro de un veh culo recae de manera exclusiva en el conductor la responsabilidad de conducir el veh culo de manera segura y adecuada El fabricante no asumir ninguna responsabilidad por accidentes o colisiones No utilice nunca el producto dentro de un veh culo en movimiento si esto pudiera distraer al conductor Asegure el producto dentro del veh culo debidamente para evitar en caso de un accidente lesiones u otra clase de da os Eliminaci n 1 Si se trabaja de manera mec nica y o t rmica cualquier producto o componente m s all del funcionamiento previsto pueden liberarse sustancias peligrosas polvos con contenido de metales pesados como p ej plomo berilio o n quel Por eso el producto solo debe ser desmontado por personal especializado con formaci n adecuada Un desmontaje inadecuado puede ocasionar da os para la salud Se deben tener en cuenta las directivas nacionales referentes a la eliminaci n de residuos En caso de que durante el trato del producto se formen sustancias peligrosas o combustibles que deban tratarse como residuos especiales p ej refrigerantes o aceites de motor con intervalos de cambio definidos deben tenerse en cuenta las indicaciones de seguridad del fabricante de dichas sustancias y las normas regionales de eliminaci n de residuos Tenga en cuenta tambi n en caso necesario las indicaciones de seguridad especiales contenidas en la docu
103. ower vs Symbol X Carrier results are selected by pressing the lt POWER gt softkey in the main measurement softkey menu followed by the lt POWER VS SYM X CARR gt softkey LL Are rum 131 100 El Ji i zu E Wd Se mis con sen Fig 18 Power vs Sym X Carr display The Power vs Sym X Carr display shows the power of each carrier in each symbol of the received signal frames in dBm Carrier The values are color coded using a colormap which is displayed on the top of the measurement window All analyzed frames are concatenated in symbol direction 26 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software Power vs Carrier The Power vs Carrier results are selected by pressing the lt POWER gt softkey in the POWER VS CARRIER main measurement softkey menu followed by the POWER VS CARRIER softkey dr ode Sc hrecasz DM MEA cnni radio Came Lera CP Legh Leis 25 Hasen 12 10 en Les 100 Fi ap aer Hig 11 25 i ee ES 111 D 1308 9629 42 mis icon sem Fig 19 Power vs Carrier display The Power vs Carrier display shows the power of each carrier of the received signal frames in dBm Carrier with statistics in symbol direction 2 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software Power vs Symbol SYMBOL 1308 9629 42 POWER VS The Power vs Symbol results are selected by pressing the POWER softkey in the main measurement softkey menu followed by the lt POWER VS SYMBOL
104. ple DISP WIND1 SEL Sets the screen A active Characteristics RST value DISPlay WINDow lt 1 2 gt SSELect This is an alias for DISPlay WINDow 1 2 SELect SSELect means Screen SELect Example DISP WIND1 SSEL Sets the screen A active Characteristics RST value 1 DISPlay WINDow lt 1 2 gt TABLe boolean This command selects whether the results summary table is displayed Example DISP WIND1 TABL 0 Hides the results table Characteristics RST value 0 1308 9629 42 81 E 3 Remote Control R amp S FSQ K96 DISPlay WINDow lt 1 2 gt TRACe lt 1 3 gt Y SCALe RLEVel RF numeric value This remote control command can be used to retrieve or set the current internal instrument reference level for RF input used when performing measurements The numeric suffix at WINDow lt 1 2 gt and TRACe lt 1 to 3 gt are irrelevant Example DISP TRAC Y RLEV returns the current RF reference level in use DISP TRAC Y RLEV 20 sets the instrument reference level to 20 dBm Characteristics RST value 0 dBm DISPlay WINDow lt 1 2 gt TRACe lt 1 3 gt Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet numeric value This remote control command specifies the external attenuation gain applied to measurements The value corresponds to the reference level offset in the spectrum analyzer mode The numeric suffix at WINDow lt 1 2 gt and TRACe lt 1 to 3 gt are irrelevant Example DISPO TRACSY REEV OFFS 10 External attenuation level
105. power values as list over all symbols The statistic is performed in carrier direction Trace1 Mean values averaged over all carriers dBm Carrier 1308 9629 42 97 E 3 Remote Control R amp S FSQ K96 Trace2 Minimum values dBm Carrier Trace3 Maximum values dBm Carrier Capture Buffer Returns the power values of all IQ samples within the capture buffer Trace1 Power values dBm Power Spectrum Returns the power density spectrum of the capture buffer The result values span the frequency range of SampleRate 2 to SampleRate 2 SampleRate NOfResultValues Trace1 Power density values dBm Hz EVM vs Symbol X Carrier Returns the EVM values of all evaluated OFDM cells The result matrix is written symbol wise i e all subcarriers of one symbol are written before the next symbol begins All detected frames are transferred Trace1 Power values dB Percent EVM vs Carrier Returns the EVM values as list over all carriers The statistic is performed in symbol direction Trace1 Mean values averaged over all symbols dB Percent Trace2 Minimum values dB Percent Trace3 Maximum values dB Percent EVM vs Symbol Returns the EVM values as list over all symbols The statistic is performed in carrier direction Trace1 Mean values averaged over all carriers dB Percent Trace2 Minimum values dB Percent Trace3 Maximum values dB Percent Frequency Error Returns the frequency error versus ti
106. producto y o puede causar choques el ctricos fuego o lesiones oalvo indicaci n contraria los productos no est n impermeabilizados ver tambi n el cap tulo Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento punto 1 Por eso es necesario tomar las medidas necesarias para evitar la entrada de l quidos En caso contrario existe peligro de choque el ctrico para el usuario o de da os en el producto que tambi n pueden redundar en peligro para las personas No utilice el producto en condiciones en las que pueda producirse o ya se hayan producido condensaciones sobre el producto o en el interior de ste como p ej al desplazarlo de un lugar fr o a otro caliente La entrada de agua aumenta el riesgo de choque el ctrico Antes de la limpieza desconecte por completo el producto de la alimentaci n de tensi n p ej red de alimentaci n o bater a Realice la limpieza de los aparatos con un pario suave que no se deshilache No utilice bajo ning n concepto productos de limpieza qu micos como alcohol acetona o diluyentes para lacas nitrocelul sicas Funcionamiento 1 2 3 4 El uso del producto requiere instrucciones especiales y una alta concentraci n durante el manejo Debe asegurarse que las personas que manejen el producto est n a la altura de los requerimientos necesarios en cuanto a aptitudes f sicas ps quicas y emocionales ya que de otra manera no se pueden excluir lesiones o dafios de objetos El empresario
107. r 3 The status bar shows live information on the measurement progress and displays software messages and errors e Hotkeys 4 The hotkeys control the measurement process e g running a measurement Pressing a hotkey will be referred to as lt HOTKEY CAPTION gt in this manual e g RUN SGL gt e Softkeys 5 The softkeys are used to open configuration windows and to select the desired measurement result style The softkeys may change when operating the software e g clicking a hardkey Pressing a softkey will be referred to as lt SOFTKEY CAPTION in this manual e g lt SPECTRUM gt e Hardkeys 5 The hardkeys provide the same functions as those known from the R amp S FSQ load store data configure the display etc Pressing a hardkey will be referred to as HARDKEY CAPTION in this manual e g MAIN 1308 9629 42 16 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Installation and Test Setup Quick start guide This section will help you to quickly become familiar with the OFDM VSA software refer to section 3 for detailed operating instructions As an exemplary signal WLAN 802 11a is used The analyzer must be connected to the external PC via LAN or IEEE bus Setting up the generator This example requires an 802 11a or 802 11g OFDM signal with 64 QAM data modulation Fig 15 shows the exemplary settings of an R amp S SMU Vector signal generator Freq a 1 000 000 000 00 GHz PEP a 6 79 dBm LevA 5 00 dBm Freq d 1 000 000 000 00 GHz
108. r cord and connector operation is permitted only on sockets with an earthing contact and protective earth connection 3 Intentionally breaking the protective earth connection either in the feed line or in the product itself is not permitted Doing so can result in the danger of an electric shock from the product If extension cords or connector strips are implemented they must be checked on a regular basis to ensure that they are safe to use 4 If the product does not have a power switch for disconnection from the AC supply network the plug of the connecting cable is regarded as the disconnecting device In such cases always ensure that the power plug is easily reachable and accessible at all times corresponding to the length of connecting cable approx 2 m Functional or electronic switches are not suitable for providing disconnection from the AC supply network If products without power switches are integrated into racks or systems a disconnecting device must be provided at the system level 5 Never use the product if the power cable is damaged Check the power cable on a regular basis to ensure that it is in proper operating condition By taking appropriate safety measures and carefully laying the power cable you can ensure that the cable will not be damaged and that no one can be hurt by for example tripping over the cable or suffering an electric shock 6 The product may be operated only from TN TT supply networks fused with m
109. r diluents for cellulose lacquers Operation 1 Operating the products requires special training and intense concentration Make sure that persons who use the products are physically mentally and emotionally fit enough to do so otherwise injuries or material damage may occur It is the responsibility of the employer operator to select suitable personnel for operating the products Before you move or transport the product read and observe the section titled Transport As with all industrially manufactured goods the use of substances that induce an allergic reaction allergens such as nickel cannot be generally excluded If you develop an allergic reaction Such as a skin rash frequent sneezing red eyes or respiratory difficulties when using a Rohde amp Schwarz product consult a physician immediately to determine the cause and to prevent health problems or stress Before you start processing the product mechanically and or thermally or before you take it apart be sure to read and pay special attention to the section titled Waste disposal item 1 Depending on the function certain products such as RF radio equipment can produce an elevated level of electromagnetic radiation Considering that unborn babies require increased protection pregnant women must be protected by appropriate measures Persons with pacemakers may also be exposed to risks from electromagnetic radiation The employer operator must evaluate workplaces where
110. r industrial debe comprobarse que stos cumplan los est ndares IEC60950 1 EN60950 1 o IEC61010 1 EN 61010 1 v lidos en cada caso A menos que est permitido expresamente no retire nunca la tapa ni componentes de la carcasa mientras el producto est en servicio Esto pone a descubierto los cables y componentes el ctricos y puede causar lesiones fuego o danos en el producto 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 9 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Informaciones elementales de seguridad Si un producto se instala en un lugar fijo se debera primero conectar el conductor de proteccion fijo con el conductor de proteccion del producto antes de hacer cualquier otra conexion La instalacion y la conexion deberan ser efectuadas por un electricista especializado En el caso de dispositivos fijos que no esten provistos de fusibles interruptor automatico ni otros mecanismos de seguridad similares el circuito de alimentacion debe estar protegido de modo que todas las personas que puedan acceder al producto as como el producto mismo est n a salvo de posibles dafios Todo producto debe estar protegido contra sobretensi n debida p ej a una ca da del rayo mediante los correspondientes sistemas de protecci n Si no el personal que lo utilice quedar expuesto al peligro de choque el ctrico No debe introducirse en los orificios de la caja del aparato ning n objeto que no est destinado a ello Esto puede producir cortocircuitos en el
111. ra los fines definidos si el producto es utilizado conforme a las indicaciones de la correspondiente documentacion del producto y dentro del margen de rendimiento definido ver hoja de datos documentacion informaciones de seguridad que siguen El uso del producto hace necesarios conocimientos tecnicos y ciertos conocimientos del idioma ingles Por eso se debe tener en cuenta que el producto solo pueda ser operado por personal especializado o personas instruidas en profundidad con las capacidades correspondientes Si fuera necesaria indumentaria de seguridad para el uso de productos de Rohde amp Schwarz encontraria la informacion debida en la documentacion del producto en el capitulo correspondiente Guarde bien las informaciones de seguridad elementales asi como la documentacion del producto y entreguelas a usuarios posteriores Tener en cuenta las informaciones de seguridad sirve para evitar en lo posible lesiones o danos por peligros de toda clase Por eso es imprescindible leer detalladamente y comprender por completo las siguientes informaciones de seguridad antes de usar el producto y respetarlas durante el uso del producto Deber n tenerse en cuenta todas las dem s informaciones de seguridad como p ej las referentes a la protecci n de personas que encontrar n en el cap tulo correspondiente de la documentaci n del producto y que tambi n son de obligado cumplimiento En las presentes informaciones de seguridad se recogen todos los obje
112. rack Time HF Attenuation El Attenuation IG Filter Fig 39 Advanced Tab of the General Settings Menu Analog Baseband Settings The Analog Baseband Settings group contains settings related to the baseband input source Input Impedance fi k hm Input Impedance Balanced Balanced Lowpass Low Pass Filter 1308 9629 42 Input Impedance allows the selection of the impedance of the Baseband inputs The selection depends on the instrument configuration The nput Impedance parameter is editable only when Baseband input is selected Balanced switches the Baseband inputs between symmetrical balanced and asymmetrical unbalanced The Balanced parameter is editable only when Baseband input is selected When enabled the Lowpass parameter inserts a 36 MHz lowpass filter into the and Q parts of the baseband input 49 E 3 Operating the Software Dither Dither Digital IQ Settings R amp S FSQ K96 When enabled the Dither parameter specifies that a 2 MHz wide noise signal at 42 67 MHz is injected into the signal path of the Baseband input It appears in the spectrum at 38 92 MHz The Dither parameter is editable only when Baseband input is selected The Digital IQ Settings group contains settings related to the digital IQ input source Digital Input Sampling Rate Digital Input Sampling Rate 01 6 MHz Full Scale Voltage Full Scale Voltage 1W 1308 9629 42 Digital Input Sampling Rate
113. ries that contain alkaline electrolytes e g lithium cells can cause explosions Replace cells or batteries only with the matching Rohde amp Schwarz type see parts list in order to ensure the safety of the product Cells and batteries must be recycled and kept separate from residual waste Rechargeable batteries and normal batteries that contain lead mercury or cadmium are hazardous waste Observe the national regulations regarding waste disposal and recycling Transport 1 The product may be very heavy Therefore the product must be handled with care In some cases the user may require a suitable means of lifting or moving the product e g with a lift truck to avoid back or other physical injuries 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 5 Informaciones elementales de seguridad 2 Handles on the products are designed exclusively to enable personnel to transport the product It is therefore not permissible to use handles to fasten the product to or on transport equipment such as cranes fork lifts wagons etc The user is responsible for securely fastening the products to or on the means of transport or lifting Observe the safety regulations of the manufacturer of the means of transport or lifting Noncompliance can result in personal injury or material damage 3 If you use the product in a vehicle it is the sole responsibility of the driver to drive the vehicle safely and properly The manufacturer assumes no responsibility for accidents or
114. rmation System installed 24 05 2006 06 34 33 Interface Drivers IEEE Bus Driver l 41 7649 National Instruments Corporation VISA Driver 4 0 0f0 National Instruments nd VISA Driver Eu ESIE Driver 1 4 0 O Rohde amp Schwarz F Le Runtime Engines Visual Basic 6 6 00 9690 Microsoft Corporation CVI 5 0 1 356 National Instruments Microsoft Installer 3 1 4000 4039 Microsoft Corporation Intel IPP Library v4 1 Intel Corporation National Instruments Components WI Analysis SE WI Graph 7 0 0 National Instruments NI 3D Graph 5 0 0 National Instruments R45 USE Bus Driver SI Control NRPContraol NRPContralz 1308 9629 42 64 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Import and Export 4 Import and Export of Data This section describes how to import and export data from and to the OFDM VSA software The software will process the following types of data files the user may manipulate e Q data e Demodulation data e Limits UO data Purpose The OFDM VSA software is able to process l Q data from a file rather than from the R amp S FSQ instrument hardware Captured l Q data can also be stored in various formats for e g processing with other external tools or for support purposes Format UO data can be formatted either in binary form or as ASCII files The data is linearly scaled using the unit Volt if a correct display of e g Capture Buffer power is required e For binary format data is expected as 32 bit floating point da
115. s Report Detailled list of the demodulation steps 1308 9629 42 22 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Softkey menu OFDM VSA hi E Fig 16 1308 9629 42 Operating the Software SETTINGS MEAS DEMOD SETTINGS SETTINGS MEAS DEMOD SETTINGS LIST DISPLAY POWER lj EWM 4 CHANNEL J CONSTELLY MISC STATISTIC DISPLAY LIST SETTINGS MEAS DEMOD SETTINGS POWER VS SYM X CARR POWER VS CARRIER POWER VS SYMBOL CAPTURE BUFFER POWER SPECTRUM DISPLAY LIST EVM VS SYM X CARR EVM VS CARRIER EVM VS SYMBOL ERROR PHASE SETTINGS MEAS DEMOD SETTINGS LIST DISPLAY FLATNESS GROUP DELAY IMPULSE RESPONSE SETTINGS MEAS DEMOD SETTINGS LIST DISPLAY CONSTELL CONSTELL VS CARRIER CONSTELL VS SYMBOL CONSTELL SELECTION SETTINGS MEAS DEMOD SETTINGS DISPLAY LIST CCDF SIGNAL FLOW REPORT OFDM VSA menu structure 23 Operating the Software R amp S FSQ K96 Performing measurements You can either use the R
116. s manual If you have any questions regarding these safety instructions the Rohde amp Schwarz group of companies will be happy to answer them Furthermore it is your responsibility to use the product in an appropriate manner This product is designed for use solely in industrial and laboratory environments or if expressly permitted also in the field and must not be used in any way that may cause personal injury or property damage You are responsible if the product is used for any intention other than its designated purpose or in disregard of the manufacturer s instructions The manufacturer shall assume no responsibility for such use of the product The product is used for its designated purpose if it is used in accordance with its product documentation and within its performance limits see data sheet documentation the following safety instructions Using the product requires technical skills and a basic knowledge of English It is therefore essential that only skilled and specialized staff or thoroughly trained personnel with the required skills be allowed to use the product If personal safety gear is required for using Rohde amp Schwarz products this will be indicated at the appropriate place in the product documentation Keep the basic safety instructions and the product documentation in a safe place and pass them on to the subsequent users Observing the safety instructions will help prevent personal injury or damage of any kind caused
117. s software 1308 9629 42 46 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software Trigger Settings The Trigger Settings group contains all the settings related to the triggering of a measurement sweep Trigger Mode Trigger Mode Free Blin sl Trigger Mode is the source of the trigger for the measurement sweep The possible values for the Trigger Mode are Free Run The measurement sweep starts immediately External The measurement sweep starts when the external trigger signal meets or exceeds the specified external trigger level at the input connector EXT TRIGGER GATE on the rear panel IF Power The measurement sweep starts when the IF power meets or exceeds the specified trigger level Trigger Offset Trigger Offset 1 ms Trigger Offset specifies the time offset between the trigger signal and the start of the sweep A negative value indicates a pre trigger The Trigger Offset parameter is not editable when Trigger Mode is set to Free Run because this indicates that the measurement sweep should trigger immediately and as sucha trigger delay or pre trigger would not be appropriate Trigger Level EEN Auto Level 0 dBm Trigger Level specifies the threshold of the External or the IF Power trigger If Auto Level is selected this trigger threshold is determined automatically by the R amp S FSQ K96 OFDM VSA analysis software before each sweep 1308 9629 42 47 E 3 Operating the Software Input Settings R amp S F
118. s to Analyze Number of Symbols per Frame 44 Synchronization Settings Time Sunc Cyclic Prefix Frequency Sunc Pilot Aided Modulation Detection Configuration File Compensation Settings Phase Tracking Timing Tracking Level Tracking Channel Compensation Advanced Settings FFT Shift rel to CP Length Maummum Carrer Offset Swap IL 1308 9629 42 19 zi E 3 Installation and Test Setup R amp S FSQ K96 gt Set the number of symbols per frame to the number of data symbols per OFDM burst plus 5 4 preamble symbols 1 signal field Performing the measurement gt Start the measurement by pressing lt RUN SGL gt Measurement results are updated once the measurement has been completed The results are displayed in graphical form The display can be toggled to a tabular list of measurement points by pressing lt DISPLAY gt iie Rohit E Schwarz OFDM YSA E Configuration Wan AcM Sampling F agency 20 00 MHz let Level 3 90 dam Frequency 1 GHz FFT Length Trigger Mode Free Aur Caplure Length 40000 Samples 2 00 ms CP Length r ITr acer iser 0 y Capture Hefe Samples HUU POWER D AN CHANNEL E CONSTELL A Misc STATESTH tat Se ET 2 E ET I E E E Ll ttt 1 tert steered m ER S m HR ee o a a j 4 it CAPTURE EXIT OFDN Y525 OFTIM Y 55 PR CONT FETESH SCREEN A 1308 9629
119. sto queda garantizada la seguridad del producto Bater as y acumuladores o celdas Si no se siguen o se siguen de modo insuficiente las indicaciones en cuanto a las bater as y acumuladores o celdas pueden producirse explosiones incendios y o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte El manejo de bater as y acumuladores con electrolitos alcalinos p ej celdas de litio debe seguir el est ndar EN 62133 1 2 No deben desmontarse abrirse ni triturarse las celdas Las celdas o bater as no deben someterse a calor ni fuego Debe evitarse el almacenamiento a la luz directa del sol Las celdas y bater as deben mantenerse limpias y secas Limpiar las conexiones sucias con un pario seco y limpio Las celdas o bater as no deben cortocircuitarse Es peligroso almacenar las celdas o bater as en estuches o cajones en cuyo interior puedan cortocircuitarse por contacto rec proco o por contacto con otros materiales conductores No deben extraerse las celdas o bater as de sus embalajes originales hasta el momento en que vayan a utilizarse Mantener bater as y celdas fuera del alcance de los ni os En caso de ingesti n de una celda o bater a avisar inmediatamente a un m dico Las celdas o bater as no deben someterse a impactos mec nicos fuertes indebidos 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 11 Informaciones elementales de seguridad 6 Encaso de falta de estanqueidad de una celda el liquido vertido no debe entrar en contacto con
120. t Das Rohde amp Schwarz Qualitatsmanagementsystem ist u a nach I80 9001 und ISO 14001 zertifiziert Der Umwelt verpflichtet 1 Energie effiziente RoHS konforme Produkte i Kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung nachhaltiger Umweltkonzepte 150 14001 zertifiziertes Umweltmanagementsystem Dear Customer You have decided to buy a Rohde Schwarz product You are thus assured of receiving a product that is manufactured using the most modern methods available This product was developed manufactured and tested in compliance with our quality management system stan dards The Rohde amp Schwarz quality management system Is certified according to standards such as ISO9001 and ISO 14001 Environmental commitment Energy efficient products Continuous improvement in environmental sustainability 1150 14001 certified environmental management system Certified Quality System ISO 9001 Certified Environmental System ISO 14001 Cher client Vous avez choisi d acheter un pro duit Rohde amp Schwarz Vous disposez donc d un produit fabriqu d apr s les m thodes les plus avanc es Le d ve loppement la fabrication et les tests respectent nos normes de gestion qualit Le syst me de gestion qualit de Rohde amp Schwarz a t homologu entre autres conform ment aux nor mes ISO 9001 et ISO 14001 Engagement cologique 1 Produits efficience nerg tique 1 Am lioration continue de la dura
121. tConstellation c sName Add a constellation c SetConstellation c sName v cValue c SetPreamble c iBlockLength iFrameOffset Define a repetitive preamble symbol SaveConfigFile c sFileName Save the system description file c LoadConfigFile c sFileName Load parameters from a system description file 1308 9629 42 69 E 3 Measurement in Detail R amp S FSQ K96 6 Measurements in Detail This section provides a detailed explanation of the measurements provided by the OFDM VSA and provides help to measure the characteristics of specific types of DUT Signal processing Data capturing The analyzer software runs on an external PC and operates a signal analyzer by remote control via LAN or GPIB Several mixer stages convert the RF signal to an intermediate frequency IF which is digitized by an A D converter The signal processing following the A D converter is implemented in digital hardware with ASICs and FPGAs A numerically controlled oscillator shifts the signal from IF to complex baseband followed by a halfband filter and a fractional resampler Arbitrary output sample rates can be set by programming the resampler combined with a subsequent decimation filter Alternatively to the use of the RF input analog baseband signals can be digitized directly R amp S FSQ B71 Additionally a digital Q interface R amp S FSQ B17 is available to analyze digital baseband signals without having to make use of analog components The bl
122. ta Little Endian format also known as LSB Order or Intel format EXAMPLE 0x1D86E7BB in hexadecimal notation will be decoded to 7 0655481E 3 The data order can be either IQIQIQ or Il QQ Q e For ASCII format data is expected as and Q values in alternating rows separated by new lines value 1 Q value 1 value 2 lt Q value 2 Usage Import To use externally stored data switch to the data source file using SETUP DATA SOURCE FILE gt Each time you start a new measurement you will be prompted for the file name Usage Export To export captured l Q data select FILE SAVE IQ DATA 1308 9629 42 65 E 3 Import and Export R amp S FSQ K96 Demodulation data Purpose The demodulated data at the end of the signal processing chain can be saved for further evaluation in Matlab The data is stored in a time frequency matrix representing the analyzed OFDM frames Format The demodulation data is stored in a Matlab mat file This file contains one matrix named mfcRIk The matrix size is Number of Symbols X FFT Length The following example code shows how to load the demodulation data in Matlab and plot the constellation diagram load file s load mydata mat mat O show constellation plLot real s2mickik 2 qgmdggtismroRlLlk xo Usage Export To export the demodulation data select FILE lt SAVE DEMOD DATA gt 1308 9629 42 66 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Imp
123. tains the complete description of the OFDM system It is loaded within the system configuration tab of the demodulation setup window Configuration file format The OFDM configuration is stored in a Matlab mat format which contains the structure stOfdmCfg The following table lists the elements of the structure and the sub structures Instead of manual generation of the configuration structure it is recommended to use the additionally provided OFDM system class and its methods Structure stOfdmCfg sVersion string Version identifier of the Rio OVSA IFC V0 1 interface format sSystem string Identifier of the OFDM system Wimax IEEE 802 16 2004 sDescription string Additional information about the Uplink with OFDM system subchannelisation 8 20 symbols special 17QAM modulation stPreamble structure Optional definition of a repetitive preamble symbol for time synchronization int32 Number of samples in one FFT 256 block int32 Number of samples in the cyclic 16 prefix block 0 iNOfSymbols int32 Number of symbols described by 10 this system definition This is also the maximum result range meStructure iNOfSymbols X Time Frequency matrix containing 05 05 DL Dell Ke NN NEE AE iNfft matrix the type of each cell in the OFDM 0 0 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 0 0 of int8 System 0 Zero 1 Pilot 2 Data 3 Don t Care vstDataConst Array of constellation stConstellation structures one constellation structure for e
124. the reference signal matrix A contains falsely decided data cells the data aided estimation part can corrupt the results and should be omitted Measurement Block The last part of the signal processing chain comprises the user defined compensation and the measurement of modulation quality The measurement block takes the received OFDM symbols Ri and the previously determined reference OFDM symbols A to calculate the error vector magnitude EVM The received OFDM symbols can optionally be compensated by means of phase timing and level deviations as well as the channel transfer function 1308 9629 42 73 E 3 Measurement in Detail R amp S FSQ K96 Measurement result definitions Error vector magnitude EVM The EVM of a cell Symbol number carrier number k is defined as where e r is the received symbol point in the complex plane of symbol number and carrier number k The received symbol point is compensated by phase and clock errors as well as channel transfer function according to the user settings e Our is the ideal symbol point in the complex plane of symbol number and carrier number k e N seq is the number of used cells i e all cells with a 0 u IQ Impairments The I Q imbalance can be written as r t G Rist j Go Stsl where s t is the transmit signal r t is the received signal and G and G are the weighting factors Definition from Transmitter Model Gain branch Gain
125. the General Settings panel to ON Running the automatic level detection means that an automatic level detection measurement is executed before each measurement sweep 1308 9629 42 44 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Operating the Software General settings This section describes the General Settings panel where all settings related to the overall measurement i e Data Capture Trigger and Input settings can be modified It is divided into a primary part which will be sufficient for most measurement purposes and an advanced part for specific manual settings SETTINGS GENER E 1308 9629 42 The GENERAL SETTINGS softkey opens the General Settings panel General Settings E Primary Advanced Data Capture Settings Frequency Sampling Hate Capture Time Level Settings Reference Level Ext Attenuation Trigger Settings Trigger Mode Trigger Offset Trigger Level Input Settings Input Path Channel Filter Bandwidth 5 dB Filter Order Fig 38 Primary Tab of the General Settings Menu 1 GHz 0 MHz ZU ms Auto Level Iv 0 0 dem Ude Free Aun Os Auto Level T O dBm RF r Standard m 2l MHz Hormal L 36 45 E 3 Operating the Software R amp S FSQ K96 Data Capture Settings The Data Capture Settings are the general settings concerning the physical attributes of the signals to be measured Frequency Frequency 1 GHz Specifies the Center Frequency of the
126. the measurement tl ect e le ao died 20 3 Operating haen 21 Measurement mh Pl 21 Elfi feel 21 rl EE E 21 OTEK OW TIERE ee een 23 Bintener Ei 24 RUNNING Ine measurement a 24 Evenis Qur ng a measuremenl EE 24 Measurement header table eisen 24 Evaluating Er 25 Operaning Ihe ODM dde econ 25 Context menu Zoom Pan Copy Image to Clipboard Show Data Points 25 Arrows indicating data out of display range nennen 25 VO Measurement EE 26 POWEr vs Symbol EE 26 HARE A A A 27 ROWEI vs YO EE 28 Sanare CM ee c PET 29 age 12 ec 612111 Die EE 30 EV IMPS AS VIMO eg EE 31 EVI EE ee eebe eeh deet 32 1308 9629 42 3 E 3 Contents R amp S FSQ K96 EVM HE Mer FL 33 ErTOFIFreg ad gt EE 34 Channel EE 35 ele Dat Hl eet 36 Channel Impulse Response nette ee ee 37 Constellation DIdgraM WEE 38 EOnstellation EE 39 Constellation VS SVIMDON EE 40 Constellation SELECTION BEE 41 CCDF complementary cumulative distribution function s0224022200 nen nennen 41 Signal blo secet sagt en A A 42 WEMOGUIALION RED OM EE 43 EIERE 44 Automatic level detection eier 44 Elg elpe EELER date EE 45 Ree Rn dee EE 46 EI Te EE 46 SAMPING SE 46 Capture EE EE 46 Level setings EE 46 Rele ne EE 46 EXP Mal INSU AU OMe EE 46 Bd leie EE le Le EE 47 FAROE MOOG P 47 TIGGER OUSC EE 47 Egger LGV EE 47 IABUFSETLUNGS EE 48 INPULPalM da a a 48 Channel Fila tallo riesen 48 Bandwidth 6 dBi osne
127. there is a special risk of exposure to radiation and if necessary take measures to avert the potential danger Should a fire occur the product may release hazardous substances gases fluids etc that can cause health problems Therefore suitable measures must be taken e g protective masks and protective clothing must be worn If a laser product e g a CD DVD drive is integrated into a Rohde amp Schwarz product absolutely no other settings or functions may be used as described in the product documentation The objective is to prevent personal injury e g due to laser beams 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 4 Basic Safety Instructions Repair and service 1 The product may be opened only by authorized specially trained personnel Before any work is performed on the product or before the product is opened it must be disconnected from the AC supply network Otherwise personnel will be exposed to the risk of an electric shock Adjustments replacement of parts maintenance and repair may be performed only by electrical experts authorized by Rohde amp Schwarz Only original parts may be used for replacing parts relevant to safety e g power switches power transformers fuses A safety test must always be performed after parts relevant to safety have been replaced visual inspection PE conductor test insulation resistance measurement leakage current measurement functional test This helps ensure the continued safety of the produ
128. tion state Path and re start the software When trying to run a measurement with the analyzer the error The software cannot connect to the measurement message Instrument not found occurs instrument Check the connection setup SETUP CONFIGURE ANALYZER CONNECTION gt Make sure the instrument is connected to the specified bus and has the stated address assigned If you are using a firewall make sure that the firewall does not block the connection to the instrument When trying to run a measurement with the analyzer the error The measured signal level during the auto level process message Auto level FAILED NO SIGNAL occurs is too low Increase the signal level at the analyzer input 1308 9629 42 108 E 3 R amp S FSQ K96 Index Using the signal flow diagram The signal flow diagram can be a powerful tool to find and remedy demodulation problems The following table lists some hints how to interpret failures at the different blocks Burst Search ON but signal is not bursted Bursts are shorter than required by the setting Number of Symbol per Frame in Demod Ctrl The time domain structure of the signal doesn t match the settings Check the following parameters O O O O Sampling Rate FFT Length Cyclic Prefix Length If Time Sync Cyclic Prefix Preamble Block Length If Time Sync Preamble Frames are shorter than required by the setting Number of Symbol per Frame
129. tos que distribuye el grupo de empresas Rohde amp Schwarz bajo la denominaci n de producto entre ellos tambi n aparatos instalaciones as como toda clase de accesorios S mbolos y definiciones de seguridad Aviso punto de peligro general Observar la documentaci n del producto Tensi n de alimentaci n de PUESTA EN MARCHA PARADA Atenci n en el manejo de dispositivos de peso elevado Peligro de choque el ctrico Corriente continua DC Indicaci n de estado de espera Standby 1171 0000 42 05 00 tencia superficie caliente Conexi n a tierra Conexi n a conductor de protecci n Corriente alterna Corriente AC continua Corriente alterna DC AC Conexi n a masa Aviso Cuidado en el manejo de dispositivos sensibles a la electrost tica ESD El aparato est protegido en su totalidad por un aislamiento doble reforzado Page 7 Informaciones elementales de seguridad Palabras de senal y su significado En la documentacion del producto se utilizan las siguientes palabras de senal con el fin de advertir contra riesgos y peligros PELIGRO identifica un peligro inminente con riesgo elevado que PELIGRO provocar muerte o lesiones graves si no se evita ADVERTENCIA identifica un posible peligro con riesgo medio de provocar muerte o lesiones graves si no se evita ATENCI N identifica un peligro con riesgo reducido de provocar lesiones leves o moder
130. u operador es responsable de seleccionar el personal usuario apto para el manejo del producto Antes de desplazar o transportar el producto lea y tenga en cuenta el cap tulo Transporte Como con todo producto de fabricaci n industrial no puede quedar excluida en general la posibilidad de que se produzcan alergias provocadas por algunos materiales empleados los llamados al rgenos p ej el n quel Si durante el manejo de productos Rohde amp Schwarz se producen reacciones al rgicas como p ej irritaciones cut neas estornudos continuos enrojecimiento de la conjuntiva o dificultades respiratorias debe avisarse inmediatamente a un m dico para investigar las causas y evitar cualquier molestia o dafio a la salud Antes de la manipulaci n mec nica y o t rmica o el desmontaje del producto debe tenerse en cuenta imprescindiblemente el cap tulo Eliminaci n punto 1 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 10 5 Informaciones elementales de seguridad Ciertos productos como p ej las instalaciones de radiocomunicacion RF pueden a causa de su funci n natural emitir una radiaci n electromagn tica aumentada Deben tomarse todas las medidas necesarias para la protecci n de las mujeres embarazadas Tambi n las personas con marcapasos pueden correr peligro a causa de la radiaci n electromagn tica El empresario operador tiene la obligaci n de evaluar y se alizar las reas de trabajo en las que exista un riesgo elevado de exposici n a r
131. ween upper and lower case letters A selection of key words with an identical effect exists for several commands These keywords are indicated in the same line they are separated by a vertical stroke Only one of these keywords needs to be included in the header of the command The effect of the command is independent of which of the keywords is used Example SENSe FREQuency CW FIXed The two following commands with identical meaning can be created They set the frequency of the fixed frequency signal to 1kHz SENSe FREQuency CW 1E3 SENSe FREQuency FIXed 1E3 A vertical stroke in parameter indications marks alternative possibilities in the sense of or The effect of the command is different depending on which parameter is used Example Selection of the parameters for the command DISPlay FORMat FULL SPLit If parameter FULL is selected full screen is displayed in the case of SPLit split screen is displayed Key words in square brackets can be omitted when composing the header cf Section 3 5 2 Optional Keywords The full command length must be accepted by the instrument for reasons of compatibility with the SCPI standards Parameters in square brackets can be incorporated optionally in the command or omitted as well Parameters in braces can be incorporated optionally in the command either not at all once or several times Due to the standardisation the parameter section of SCPI commands consists always of the same

K96 User Manual - Rohde & Schwarz

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K96 User Manual - Rohde &amp; Schwarz

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K96 User Manual - Rohde & Schwarz