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TypeTool 3 for Macintosh User Manual

1. N H 198 Selection Properties Panel To make the Selection Properties panel visible choose the Properties command in the selection context menu or use the OpTION RETURN keyboard shortcut The Selection Properties panel is very simple Selection Properties 26 nodes selected Contours selected 1 ki 104 25 22 1399 Deselect It contains the following information about the selection the number of selected nodes the number of selected contours and the selection bounding box s bottom left and top right corner coordinates You can click on the Deselect button to discard the selection and get the Glyph Properties panel instead 199 200 Copying the Selection Sometimes you need to copy glyphs or parts of glyphs to another place in the font or even into a different font With TypeTool you can put any part of a glyph or an entire glyph with hints guides etc into the Macintosh Clipboard and paste it into a different place To copy parts of the glyph s outline use the commands from the Edit menu or the buttons on the Standard toolbar Cut a To copy a selected part of the glyph onto the Clipboard and delete it from the glyph Copy To copy a selected part of the glyph onto the Clipboard Paste EE To add a contour part copied to the Clipboard into the current glyph as a new contour Ee O Insert To replace the current selection with the Clipboard contents Delete To remove the
2. To get more screen space for the editing field you may hide the zoom toolbar if you click on this button in the top right area of the glyph window Leon 43 44 The main area of the window has scroll bars to change the view of the glyph and vertical and horizontal ruler bars You can switch the ruler bars on and off with the Rulers option in the View menu A quicker way is to right click on the ruler and choose the option in the context menu v Rulers Remove Hints j Remove Guidelines p At the bottom left corner of the windows you will find two buttons Lock and Meter The Lock button controls quick access to the font glyph when it is in the unlocked state s you can use the keyboard to directly access the glyphs I e when you press a key the corresponding glyph will automatically open in the glyph window The Meter button controls the appearance of the Meter panel which usually sits at the right end of the glyph window toolbar and shows the current coordinates and other parameters of the cursor x 3190 x lt 1 a fo fe 44 Eo m2 o wa a i A i TES 0 To the right of the meter button you will find a zoom selection menu If you click on it you will get the zoom menu that has same options that you may find in the zoom toolbar This menu is useful if zoom toolbar is not visible We will return to a more detailed description of the glyph window properties in the Glyph Window on page 135 chapter
3. E E P i ay isl ls a Like almost all Macintosh programs TypeTool has a menu a few toolbars and a status bar at the bottom The usual location of toolbars is at the top of the screen but if you want to put it somewhere else drag it there Le Standard Deed d ag ay The status bar can be placed only at the bottom default or at the top of the screen Some tool specific toolbars are floating only and cannot be docked to the sides of the screen 29 30 You can easily choose which toolbars you want to see use the Toolbars command in the View menu or simply Crri click on a toolbar docking panel and you will get exactly the same menu wv Status Bar v Standard v Tools Paint Contour w Show Layers Lock Layers Customize Following is a list of common toolbars with a few comments about each Status Bar Status bar at the bottom of the screen Standard Contains basic commands like file open and save copy paste print etc Contour Contains commands from the Contour menu Show Layers Controls the appearance of basic Editing layers Lock Layers Allows one to lock unlock the Editing layers It is analogous to the View gt Lock Layers menu Tools Probably the most important toolbar gives access to editing tools that you will use to work on glyph shapes You may notice a few italic terms We will describe them later Specifically Editing layers in the
4. The Reverse all contours option changes the direction of all contours to the opposite Hints and Guidelines Transformation Hints transformation actions let you automate hinting actions Remove hints guides Current action Remove hints and guidelines Remove horizontal hints Remove horizontal guidelines rd Remove vertical hints _ Remove vertical guidelines MW Also remove links Use this action to remove hints and links or guidelines in selected glyphs This command is the equivalent of the Remove Hints and Remove Guides commands that were described in the Glyph Window on page 135 chapter 305 306 Metrics Transformation These transformations let you automatically increase or decrease a glyph s sidebearings and advance width Set Sidebearings Current action Set sidebearings to fixed values Left SB Set equa ey 50 Right SB Set equa 50 Affect composites Shift Mask Limit BBox Use this action to change the sidebearings values of the glyphs You can set new values for the left or right sidebearings or change these values by entering the amount in font units So if you think that your font needs some more white space select this action choose the Increase by option in the list boxes and enter the value by which you want to increase the sidebearings If the Affect composites option is off the action will not be applied to composite glyphs Here is a sample of increase
5. De 6 7 8 Select the bottom half of the I Temporarily activate the Edit tool hold down the Commanp key on the keyboard and double click on the bottom of the glyph Copy it to the Clipboard with the Edit gt Copy command Go to the H glyph open it in the Glyph window Use the Edit gt Paste command to place a copy of the T bottom Use the Edit gt Paste command to make a second copy Suirr drag the second copy horizontally a 209 9 Copy and paste it again and Suirt drag it to a place above the second segment contour snap with the View gt Snap to Layers gt Outline We also recommend that you activate the feature that will snap a point which you are moving to all outline nodes by X and Y direction independently Use the Preferences gt Glyph Window dialog box Ei Align to all contour points if Snap to Outline is on 10 Use the Contour gt Transform gt Flip Vertical command to flip the selected segment L Hi 210 11 Duplicate the top segment and locate the copy above the bottom right segment 12 Click on an empty area of the Glyph window and then click on the bottom left node of the top left segment to highlight it x li 13 Activate the Add Corner tool tr click on somewhere and drag the line to connect the left line of the top left and bottom left segments 211 14 Then click on any other s
6. Finally let s quickly preview the last window in TypeTool the Metrics window Metrics Window The Metrics window is used to adjust glyph metrics glyph sidebearings and kerning To open the Metrics window select some glyphs in the Font window and click on the New Metrics Window command in the Window menu You will see a new window Tools PORST Glyphs that are currently selected in the Font window or the glyph that is in the active glyph window will appear in the Metrics window The Metrics window has a main editing field a command area and two local toolbars To choose a string of characters to preview or modify use the string selection control ABCDEFWIGHU n ABCDEF nGHIJ the quick brown to ABCO ABCabe1 2 AY ehg ABCDEFGH l IJKLMNOFQ RSTUM WHY a To the right of the string there is an options button Click on it to get access to the list of strings where you can customize it 45 46 Metrics Window Toolbars The Metrics window contains two local toolbars and a command area A Metrics window toolbar with controls for importing and exporting metrics files automating metrics or kerning generation and other commands By default the toolbar is docked to the top of the window but you can drag it to the bottom or leave it floating around A Metrics Tools toolbar with four buttons that allow you to select one of the metrics tools By default this toolbar is vert
7. Horizontal metrics L Vertical metrics EE Background bitmap Mask Mask background Components In TypeTool the color of many elements of the Glyph Window can be customized Click on the color box to change the element s color Metrics Window These settings control the behavior of the Metrics window Metrics window M Automatic line feed rd Highlight all kerning pairs Background L Foreground EME Font to use in the preview combo box A Automatic line When disabled all glyphs in the Metrics Window are displayed feed as a long line of text unless a line break is inserted explicitly by the user n When enabled the Metrics Window has an automatic line feed so glyphs are moved to the next line to fit within the current size of the Metrics Window Highlight all When enabled all glyph combinations that have kerning pairs kerning pairs defined will be highlighted in the Metrics Window using a short horizontal line below the glyphs When disabled the line will not be shown Background Changes the background color of the Metrics Window Foreground Changes the color of the glyphs displayed in the Metrics Window Font to use in the Allows you to select the font for use in the preview combo box preview combo box 63 64 Opening Type 1 These settings control what happens when you open a Type 1 font in TypeTool Opening PostScript Type 1 _ Decompose all composite glyphs w
8. Properties Here is what the commands mean Width Copy Paste Append Glyphs Delete Action Rename Current Glyph is Default Allows you to easily select one of the predefined advance widths of the Font window The width is defined in cells Copies the selected glyphs onto the Clipboard Same as the Copy command from the Edit menu Places glyphs from the Clipboard into the font starting from the first selected cell Same as the Paste command from the Edit menu Appends glyphs from the Clipboard to the current font Deletes the selected glyphs Same as the Delete command from the Edit menu Opens the Actions dialog box Refer to the Actions on page 295 chapter for more detailed information about actions Same as the Action command from the Tools menu Opens a rename dialog box Selects and marks the current glyph as the default glyph that is used in Type 1 fonts to represent glyphs that are not present in the font 109 110 Open Glyph Window Properties Creates a new Glyph window and opens the current glyph in it Opens the glyph properties panel for the current glyph or selected glyphs Rearranging Glyphs You can change the positions of glyphs in the font chart by moving them to a new place Note that moving glyphs is an undoable operation To move glyphs in the font chart Select the glyphs that you want to move Position the mouse cursor on the selected glyphs Hold down the
9. When you import a Type 1 font and the option Generate Unicode indexes for all glyphs is on TypeTool takes the name of every imported glyph and looks for it in the names database If it locates the name there it takes the associated Unicode codepoint and adds it to the glyph s list of indexes Note 1 The Names database has more than 4000 records and includes almost all known names for all European Cyrillic Arabic and Hebrew languages and for most Symbol and Dingbats fonts Note 2 The names database is a text file that can be edited You can add new records to this file at any time Be very careful when you edit this file because incorrect records may make exported fonts unusable in some environments Note 3 It is possible to link more than one Unicode codepoint to a name If TypeTool finds several indexes linked to the name it will assign all the indexes to the glyph Refer to the Encoding Modes section for a description of the multi Unicode codepointing method For glyph names preceded with in the mapping file TypeTool will generate Unicode codepoints based on these glyph names 65 66 Opening OpenType amp TrueType These settings control what happens when you open a TrueType OpenType TT ttf or an OpenType PS otf font in TypeTool Opening OpenType PS5 OpenType TT and TrueType Scale the font to 1000 UPM Decompose composites Scale the font to 1000 UPM Decompose composites Store custom T
10. hold down the Option key when you using the Magic Wand tool See Moving the Selection You can move the selected part of the contour by mouse drag any selected part of the contour or use the arrow keys If you press the ARRow key then the selection will move in that direction by one font unit Hold down SHIFT Or COMMAND while pressing the arrow keys to accelerate the movement of the selection Selection Commands When a part of the glyph is selected right click or Crri click on it to get access to the context menu Cancel Cut Copy Delete Free Transform Align Points Convert Connection Properties Some commands are duplicates of the Edit menu commands but there are some unique commands Cut Copies the selection to the Clipboard and removes it Copy Copies the selection to the Clipboard and leaves original untouched Delete Removes the selection Free Transform Activates the Free Transform operation Align Points Aligns the selected nodes vertically or horizontally Properties Opens the Selection properties panel 197 There are some differences between the Cut and Delete commands First of all Delete does not put anything on the Clipboard But the main difference is that the Delete command removes nodes with their adjacent Selection Result of Cut Result of Delete 0 i DA IN 5 T i I 1
11. I i BL ssa t a Rp Bastat Anare Aona Canca Te on Timiand L HLR i Se oa gt ji maa HA cL F pa Sa ed ae a ee Riri Meir gt Fl io a Me r amp aie EiT St which is not the best way to work Add to this image a few open Glyph and Metrics windows and you will see why workspace management is necessary 132 Windows List The easiest way to manage open windows is to use the Window menu It contains some very useful commands Cascade Organizes open windows in a cascade like in the image above Tile horizontally Organizes windows like tiles on a rectangular floor Tile vertically Windows Opens the windows management dialog box Choose the Windows command and you will see a dialog box Windows Font Serpentine Light Volumes Work HD Documents for Activate Font Serpentine Light Volumes Work HD Documents for Font Serpentine Bold Volumes Work HD Documents for a Cascade Font Serpentine Medium Volumes Work HD Documents Font Serpentine Bold Volumes Work HD Documents for Font Serpentine Medium volumes Work HD Documents Font Nimbus Mono L Bold Volumes Work HD Documents Horizontal Tile Vertical Tile Font Nimbus Mono L Regular Volumes Work HD ens Font Nimbus Sans L Bold Italic Volumes Work HD Minimize Font Nimbus Roman No9 L Medium Italic Volumes Work
12. Using the Drawing Tool The easiest way to create a new contour is to use the Drawing tool md You can create a new contour or you can continue any existing contour If you want to add new nodes to the existing contour activate its first or next node The last node of the open contour is activated 1 To add a point click the left mouse button 2 Ifyou want to create a line point release the button If you want to define a curve drag the mouse to set the position of the curve control vector ES a 3 To adjust the position of the curve control vector without moving the control vector of the previous curve hold Option and left drag You can press and release the Option key while you drag the mouse when OPTION is released you are defining the positions of the control vector that belongs to the previous curve and the control vector of the next curve When Option is pressed you are not moving the previous curve s control vector 175 4 When you are adding a new node you can hold down the COMMAND key to not move the curve control vector but move the node itself 5 Finally you can hold down the Suirr key at any time to constrain the direction of the line if you are holding down the Comman key ora curve control vector To close the contour click on its starting node and drag the mouse to set the direction of the control vectors 176 Adding Points to a Contour In addition to the Drawing t
13. A Unicode codepoint can have 4 to 6 hex digits Typically each glyph has one Unicode codepoint However fonts may include glyphs with no Unicode codepoint assigned so called unencoded glyphs or glyphs with more than one Unicode codepoints assigned so called double encoded glyphs The glyph Properties panel Edit gt Properties displays the glyphname and the Unicode codepoint of the glyph that is currently active in TypeTool either selected in the Font Window or opened in a Glyph Window Glyph Properties Font FreeFontPro HANE U goes a Replace existing glyphs se l h 1 H 4 39 In addition to the Unicode codepoint each glyph usually has an additional local character code that is depending on the encoding or codepage currently selected in the Font Window The rule of thumb is the encoding of OpenType fonts depends on the Unicode codepoints assigned to the glyphs The encoding of Type 1 fonts depends on the local character codes of each glyph 95 96 Font Window Modes The Font Window can be presented in two modes that can be used to browse the font s glyph collection using certain criteria In some cases the Font Window mode also influences the encoding of the final generated font particularly for Type 1 fonts The two modes of the Font Window are the following L Names mode This mode lists encoding tables Each encoding table is an ordered list of glyph names and may also include loc
14. MacOS Apple Corporate PLA MacOS Arabic MacOS Central Europe MacOS Chinese Simplified EUC CN MacOS Chinese Traditional BigS basec MacOS Chinese Traditional EUC TW MacOS Croatian MacOS Cyrillic MacOS Devanagari MacOS Dingbats MacOS Farsi Wa eg game re te Dh i F MacOS codepages come first MS Windows codepages follow All other codepages are sorted according to their names Since all codepages are divided into groups they are available in submenus of the Encoding menu if the Font window command bar is in bottom location 103 104 3 Select the codepage that you want from the list and you will see the Font Window change All the characters that are in the codepage appear in the yellow zone All other characters are in the white area below Select the MS Windows 1252 Western ANSI codepage and you will see how your font will look in the Windows standard Latin 1 codepage All codepages in TypeTool are defined in editable text files so you can change any codepage if you think it is wrong please let us know or you can define your own codepage We do not recommend changing any of the codepages supplied with TypeTool They are extensively tested and are based on the documents from the companies who supply them Put your custom codepage definitions cpg files into the Shared user data folder Codepage folder typically Your Username Library Application Support FontLab Shared Codepage if you
15. are from the same typeface must have the same Family Name field The Family Name is used as the root of the Font Name so we recommend that you fill in this field first Weight of the font You may enter a custom value in this field or Weight select one of the predefined weight names in the box Values in this list are sorted by increased weight value Choose Normal or leave this field empty if you do not care about the font s weight Numeric weight value of the font This number defines the font Weight Value weight and is used by the operating systems to organize fonts to font families TypeTool will fill it automatically when you select some Weight in the combo box but if you want you can customize it The average advance width of the font s glyphs Enter a custom Width Font is Italic value or select one of the predefined width values from the drop down list Leave this field empty or select Normal width if you do not care about the font s width Switch on this check box if you are creating an italic font Font is bold More styles Style Name Build Style Name Font Name Full Name Menu Name FOND Name Build Names The Font is defined as bold Usually this check box is related to the Weight setting but it is not required For example if you are making a family containing Light and Normal styles you may need to mark the Normal style as Bold so you will not need to split these styles into two se
16. button at the right of the list allows removal of the link to the application selected in the list Click on the Reset All button to clear the list of applications After you click on the OK button the applications added to the list will appear in the Tools gt External Tools menu to let you quickly launch them when needed 37 38 TypeTool Windows There are three kinds of windows in TypeTool Font Window Gives you the overview of the glyph repertoire of your font and allows you to control the encoding Glyph Window Allows you to draw and modify the design of your glyphs Metrics Window Allows you to set and modify the distances between the glyphs metrics and kerning This chapter provides some basic information about the three main windows Please refer to the Editing Fonts on page 75 Glyph Window on page 135 and Editing Metrics on page 253 chapters for more detailed information about these windows Font Window To demonstrate the TypeTool windows let s create a new font Use the New command in the File menu or click on this button L on the Standard toolbar You will see the Font window Font Untitled hig ORERE GRAAG ERR TEETER Melee As you can see this window has a command bar with a few buttons and options and a big table of cells that represent glyphs contained in the font Fach cell has a caption that contains glyph identification inf
17. y 340 Quick Test TypeTool has a new feature allowing you to test your fonts quickly You can generate and temporarily install your font with one command and then see how it works in real text editing environment To test the open font select the OpenType TT or OpenType PS command in the Tools gt Quick Test As menu TypeTool will generate the font in the selected font format using the current generation options temporarily install it in your system and present the following window Test Font WT 36 5 Content ios ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPORSTU VW XYZabcdefghijklimnopar stuvwxyz0 123456789 This is a simple text editor allowing you to type with your font change the text size and print the content 341 342 Type or paste the sample text in the editing field Use the Content popup menu to see the characters of the particular codepage or entire character set of the font i e all glyphs that have a Unicode codepoint assigned Test Font T 234 J g Content c Ec 0123456789 lt gt ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPORSTUVWX YZ _ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz fn TE M09 EZ 3 ce7 YR Lo S OaM a waa pT 1014M AAAA A R R N OOM OY LS aa o ome 88 You can also type in your custom text Note that since this dialog uses the system font rendering you will see the OpenType layout features that are applied by the operating system by default You can print the display text from
18. 291 293 plane 92 129 Polish 90 PostScript 11 14 67 216 246 258 304 322 Preview mode 47 160 162 printing 333 Font Sample 337 Font Table 335 Glyph Sample 339 metrics 294 Printing and Proofing Fonts 294 377 Printing Glyph Sample 251 Property Panel baseline 231 component 245 glyph 94 guideline 222 hint 239 metrics 231 285 node 182 selection 199 QuarkXPress 68 Quick Test 341 R red marks 156 reference point 153 Remove hints 237 305 renaming glyphs 125 right to left 273 Rotate 202 205 303 Rulers 136 262 S Sample String 54 266 Navigating 271 Scale 202 205 302 searching glyphs 123 selecting glyphs 108 123 138 selection 195 move 197 205 property panel 199 rotate 205 scale 205 skew 205 slant 205 Set Sidebearings 231 278 306 Shared folder 25 Shift 202 300 shortcut 35 Show Connection mode 162 Control vectors 162 Glyph metrics 274 378 Guidelines 274 Nodes 162 274 Preview 274 Vertical metrics 274 SigMaker 25 slant 205 219 304 angle 325 Small caps 364 snap to 61 147 Standard Encoding 99 startpoint 155 Status Bar 29 supercurve 156 Symbol 99 T Template 83 148 232 testing fonts 341 Text mode 47 270 The Glyph Window 30 38 44 134 254 305 tile 133 Toolbar Paint 184 Show Layers 29 Standard 29 Tools 29 145 toolbars 29 customization 32 Tools Add Corner 145 177 Add Curve 145 177
19. 343 349 356 371 glyphs 246 metrics 265 293 External Programs 37 extreme points 213 Extremes 213 F factory defaults 49 51 Flip Horizontal 213 Flip Vertical 213 FogLamp 25 79 Folders and Paths 55 font 21 creating new 82 exporting 68 71 343 356 family 23 316 features 364 formats 79 height 150 metrics 254 opening 76 preview 54 76 printing 333 proofing 333 recently used 78 Saving 113 UPM 150 324 Font Family 23 how to make 316 Font Header 82 90 254 Font Info 87 308 Ascender 325 Caps height 325 Copyright 318 Created by 318 Creation year 318 Descender 325 Designer 319 Family Name 312 FOND Name 312 360 Font Name 312 Font Names 311 Full Name 312 Italic 312 Italic angle 325 License 320 Menu Name 312 Metrics and Dimensions 324 Notice 318 Revision 321 Slant angle 325 Style Name 312 Trademark 318 TrueType Unique ID 322 TrueType Version 321 Type 1 Unique ID 322 Underline 325 Vendor Code 322 Version 321 Weight 312 Width 312 x height 325 XUID 322 Font Map Panel 49 129 Font Metrics What are 254 Font UPM Value 150 Font Window 39 83 106 271 context menu 109 modes 96 navigating 107 options 57 Fontographer 11 79 159 fonts converting 353 editing 75 most recently used 78 testing 341 Free Transform 205 228 FreeHand 246 French 90 G Generating Fonts 75 114 German 90 glyph 21 39 93 caption 83 cell 83
20. 4 F 3 47 48 In Metrics mode the string of glyphs is previewed without kerning In Kerning mode you can edit pair kerning gt 72 B Pcrst B a Pairs 816 kerning 90 B iM 3 PGRsT Tao Metrics Panel The Metrics Panel is a horizontally oriented table that may appear above or below the editing area H 4 ha E im F G E Y B53 THS 331 BED TH Boy B18 B30 TOE 35 1 2 3 3 5z 45 46 25 af 0 3 E4 T 13 3 29 13 You may control the appearance of the Metrics Panel using the Panel command in the Options local menu when the local command area is at the bottom or with the Panel button on the Metrics window toolbar Click on this button in the top right area of the panel to move it top or bottom eight S00 33 When the Metrics Panel is visible the properties area of the command area if it is at the top disappears Panels Some TypeTool operations are accessible through Panels small windows that are located in front of the main Font Glyph and Metrics windows Use the Window menu to open panels Window New Glyph Window New Metrics Window iM Font Map Panel Transformation Panel Close All Font Fre rFontPro Windows Below is the list of all the panels available in TypeTool They are described in full detail in the sections that are related to their functions so this is only a short reference Transformation Panel for digital outline transfor
21. Command Using the Metrics Panel 42 S61 be is Eq be The Panel always consists of four lines Glyph name Width ae Left sidebearing lt Right sidebearing Click on any number in the panel to enter an exact value Use the keyboard to adjust the number and press the ENTER key when you are done The Esc key or a click outside the cell you are editing will cancel the changes Press the up and pown arrow keys on the keyboard to move up and down in the panel Press Tas key to move right and Suirr Tas to move left 281 282 Referencing Metrics In the Metrics Panel you can use glyphnames as a reference instead of the real numeric values For example if you want to set the left sidebearing of the glyph B to be equal to the left sidebearing of the glyph D click on the cell located at the intersection of the B column and the third row and instead of the numeric value for the metric enter D When you press the ENTER key to accept changes the data will be copied from the source glyph Using the Calculator TypeTool has very simple calculator embedded in most editing fields that allow you to enter formulas Instead of entering a value you can enter an equation 650 2 Which will produce 325 the value that appears in the editing field This calculator works in the Metrics Panel The standard 4 operations and a
22. Context Menu Position the mouse cursor on the object and click the mouse button Position the cursor on the object and click the right mouse button If you have a mouse with one button press the CTRL key before clicking Position the cursor over something hold down the CTRL key on the keyboard and click the mouse button If you have a mouse with two buttons you may use the right mouse button instead of pressing the CTRL key Position the cursor on the object press and hold down the mouse button and move the mouse to move the object without releasing the mouse button while moving Release the mouse button when you re done Most windows and panels in TypeTool have context menus associated with them These menus contain the most useful or most frequently used operations that the user may have to perform in a particular situation To open the context menu right click see the section Mouse on page 28 on an empty area in the window or panel or on a particular object e g a glyph or a selection or a node Remember that the context menu will change depending on the context i e right clicking on a particular object will often display a different context menu than right clicking on an empty area of a window TypeTool User Interface Getting Started When you run TypeTool for the first time to run TypeTool double click on its icon we you will see a welcome screen for a few seconds and then the TypeTool window
23. Editing Fonts Fonts consist of glyphs graphic objects that depict letters digits or symbols of various kind Each glyph needs to be encoded so that pressing a key on the keyboard produces the intended symbol on the screen This chapter explains how to manage the font s glyph repertoire set and change the glyph encoding copy and rearrange glyphs within a font and between fonts select glyphs for editing and edit font info fields The Font Header Fonts are not just collections of glyphs Each font has some central header information such as menu names copyright information linespacing information style linking within a family This chapter explains the most important aspects of the font header and the TypeTool tools for managing them Printing and Proofing Fonts Viewing single glyphs on the screen in a close zoom rarely gives you the appropriate impression on how the font will look in printed text This chapter provides a detailed description of how to print from the Font Glyph and Metrics windows Other font proofing methods are also described in this chapter 15 16 Generating Fonts When the design is finished the font needs to be produced in a final format that can be installed on a user s machine This chapter explains how to generate fonts in different formats and how the generation can be controlled using a variety of options The Glyph Window Type design is much but more than anything it is about
24. Font Nimbus Roman No9 L Medium Volumes Work HD z Font Nimbus Sans L Bold vVolumes Work HDi Documents Close 3 Font Nimbus Mono L Bold Oblique Volumes Work HD Font Nimbus Sans L Regular Italic Volumes Work HD Font Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular Italic volumes Work Eant Mirikuiec Sanc lL Ranilar ii Wealoeeoc SAlael iO Most of the dialog box is covered by the list of open windows Select one of the windows in the list and click on the Activate button to activate that window and move it to the top To close one or more windows select them in the list and click on the Close button Select two or more windows in the list and click on Cascade Tile Horizontally or Tile Vertically to perform one of the operations only with the selected windows All other windows will be automatically minimized Use the Minimize button to minimize selected windows 133 134 Applying Modifications You can find many modification commands in the Contour Glyph and Tools menus that can be applied to the open glyph in the Glyph window see the Glyph Window on page 135 chapter but most of them are applicable to the glyph s selected in the Font window To apply a modification command select the glyphs in the Font window and choose the appropriate command in the Contour Tools or Glyph menu For example to convert glyphs from TrueType outlines to Type 1 outlines select the glyphs that you want
25. OpenType TT and OpenType PS The general structure of the font file is the same and both versions of the format provide the same functionality There are some technical differences Version OpenType TT OpenType PS Outlines 24 order like in TrueType fonts 3 order like in Type 1 fonts Hinting TrueType instructions Type 1 declarative hints File ttf but may be also otf otf extension Comments Technically these fonts arean Outline data is stored in a CFF extension of the PC TrueType Compact Font Format table format and are backwards When printed to a PostScript compatible with them Therefore device the font is converted to in TypeTool we refer to themas Type 1so itis backwards True ype OpenType TT From compatible with all PostScript the practical point of view any devices PC TrueType font is automatically an OpenType TT font and vice versa 367 368 What Format to Prefer It is not easy to say which version is better Both formats will work on both platforms For Windows centered office use we would recommend TT flavored OpenType fonts as they will provide better compatibility with the old versions of the OS For cross platform and DTP oriented applications OpenType PS fonts seem to have some advantage because they will provide better outline quality in B zier drawing less outline points On the other hand OpenType TT fonts may theoretically be delta hinted and therefore have excellent screen quality Pl
26. Pressing this button is the same as choOsing the Tools gt Action command If you press the button the previous transformation action will be repeated It is the same as choosing the Tools gt Repeat Action command 203 204 Using Transform Tools In the Edit mode you have access to three transform tools in the Tools toolbar Rotate Rotates the contour Ej Scale Scales the contour 47 Slant Slants the contour vertically or horizontally To transform the outline 1 Select part of the outline you want to transform or undo all selections to transform the entire glyph outline Activate one of the transform tools Position the mouse cursor at the center of transformation hold down the mouse button and drag the mouse to make the transformation Remember that you can hold down the key the key under Esc at any time to get a high quality preview of the transformed glyph Use the Suirt key to constrain the transformation Release the mouse button to complete the transformation of the outline Using the Free Transform Operation To activate the Free Transform operation select the Free Transform command from the Contour gt Transform menu or click on the E button in the Tools toolbar Or you can double click on any selected red segment to activate the Free Transform operation When this operation is activated you will see a transformation rectangle surrounding the s
27. To change the kerning value click on the kerning row in the table and enter the new value Press the ENTER key on the keyboard to accept the changes or Esc to cancel Press the Tas and Suirr Tas keys to select a pair in the sample string 287 288 Automatic Kerning Generation The easiest way to apply kerning to a font is to use TypeTool s autokerning algorithm This algorithm analyzes the shape of the glyphs in the given pairs and automatically kerns them You can control the pairs list that the autokerning algorithm processes as well as other parameters To define kerning automatically switch the window to the Kerning mode and select the Auto command in the Tools local menu of the Metrics Window or in the context menu The Automatic Kerning Generation dialog box appears Automatic Kerning Generation You want to generate kerning for All pairs in the following Pairs list l Standard H How much white space do you want to leave between glyphs Custom HA Custom 4d When do you want to keep existing kerning Never HA 10 a _ Allow for positive kerning Maximum number of pairs to generate 1024 Smallest allowable kern absolute value 10 Cancel This dialog box consists of two areas the Area of application and Parameters In the first area you select the pairs for which the algorithm will compute kerning values You can choose between Current pair only available if one of the pairs is selected
28. and added a sophisticated system of advanced typographic features In 2001 Fontlab Ltd released FontLab 4 the first commercial font editor with OpenType support followed by AsiaFont Studio a professional CJ K font editor Trans Type 2 a universal font converter and TypeTool 2 In 2005 thirty years into Peter Karow s ground breaking invention Fontlab Ltd released FontLab Studio 5 a completely revamped version of the high end font editor and acquired Fontographer from Macromedia The multinational team at Fontlab Ltd stays at the forefront of digital font technology by bringing quality font software to the typographic community The ongoing development of the digital font technology makes it easier for end users to do text processing typesetting and layout without sacrificing the typographic quality and logical correctness of the text But nothing gets lost in Nature using fonts is getting easier but developing them is more complex Apart from just drawing letters a type designer needs to know about encoding hinting layout features and various parameters that need to be set inside of a font Fontlab Ltd offers a wide range of outline font editors aimed at different users e TypeTool http www fontlab com typetool is a basic font editor for students hobby typographers and creative professionals who occasionally need to create or customize Type 1 TrueType and OpenType fonts e Fontographer http www fontlab
29. more than etc In the right top editing field enter the information depending on your selection that will be used to find the glyph The names of all the glyphs that match the criterion will appear in the list Find Glyph Name a H begins with B A A O04 0 AE 00C6 AFacute O1FC AEacute small AEsmall ass Aacute OOC 7 Total 28 f Create unexisting glyph Cancel H Select the glyph name that you want its preview appears in the preview panel and click on OK or enter more information to narrow your search Renaming Glyphs Usually it is not necessary to manually rename glyphs because their names and Unicode codepoints are assigned automatically when you move glyphs in the Font window But if you want to see the information and correct it select the Rename Glyph command from the Glyph menu or press COMMAND 4 on the keyboard You will see a dialog box Rename Glyph Current glyph name and Unicode index es uM 0053 New glyph name and Unicode index es HAE S new 0053 Options Replace existing glyphs with the same name or Unicode index ivf Keep replaced glyphs with the new name or Unicode index Rename Next Glyph Cancel In the top part of the dialog box you see the current name and Unicode codepoint indexes of the glyph In the middle there are two edit fields where you may change the information Below them lie the options controls To ch
30. on write custom tables Write PFM AFM and INF files Select encoding automatically Before export switch the Font window to the Names mode and select the desired encoding vector Autohinting on Decompose on Write PFM AFM and INF files Select encoding automatically Autohinting off Autohinting off Decompose custom do not scale to 1000 off write custom tables Do not decompose read all All hinting options on do records read OT store not reencode first 256 binary OT store custom do glyphs not interpret Do not decompose Generate Unicode Do not decompose Generate Unicode Do not decompose Generate Unicode Write PFM AFM and INF files Select encoding automatically Autohinting off Decompose on All hinting options on 353 Of course you can choose other options but when you just want to convert a font from one format to another these recommended combinations of opening and generating options will usually give you fonts that will work fine in most environments 354 Generating for Windows Mac To export a font in Windows Type 1 TrueType OpenType TT or OpenType PS format use the File gt Generate Font command You will see the Generate Font dialog box Generate Font Generate Font sd Save As freefontpro ttf m Where i Desktop HA Options Font Format l Win TrueType OpenType TT _ Install font Fa Cancel The top part of t
31. to the right of the License URL control to open the page in a Web browser window This requires an Internet connection 320 Font Identification lt Version and Identification Identification settings Sometimes the operating system or a DTP application needs to know what the font looks like It may be necessary for example to properly substitute for a missing font with the closest look alike TypeTool supports all the font identification settings that are used in Type 1 or TrueType fonts Version Information Version 2 5 Revision 368 Complete Version record 002 098 TrueType Version record Version 2 098 2003 Version Version of the font Revision Revision of the font Version and revision numbers are combined and build a complete version record that appears in Type 1 font headers TrueType TrueType font version records have a different format You may Version Record enter the TrueType version record here or click on the Recalc button at the right of the field to fill this record automatically You must have the Names and Copyright pages filled in to use the automatic features on this page Click on the Apply button at the bottom of the dialog box to enter the new Font Info values into the font s header 321 322 Basic Font Identification TrueType Unique ID record FantLab Lte ne FreeFontPra 2003 P Type 1 Unique ID number Type 1 XUID numbers TrueType vendor code PYRS FH Use it as d
32. Ce T35 If you click on any cell in the Panel you may change the value Press the Up and Down arrow keys to navigate between different values for the same glyph Press the Tas and Suirr Tas keys to navigate between glyphs When the Metrics Panel is visible the properties area of the command area if it is at the top disappears 263 264 Context Menu As in all other windows of TypeTool if you Crri click on the editing area you will see a context menu which contains commands that are related to the current mode of the Metrics window Every Metrics window mode has its own context menu Text Mode Cut Metrics Mode Copy Kerning Mode Paste Delete Select All Preview Mode Metrics Mode Kerning Mode Preview mode context menu Text mode context menu Preview Mode Preview Mode Text Mode Text Mode Kerning Mode Metrics Mode AUTO AUTO Reset Kerning Open Font Window Open Font Window Metrics mode context menu Kerning mode context menu Metrics Window Toolbar This is a simple list of all the buttons available on the toolbar E Opens a metrics file PFM AFM or MMM format B Saves a metrics file Ig Opens a Command menu see below BTL Changes the preview panel to the right to left reading mode x Opens the Panel aE Opens the Ruler The Command menu contains the following commands Auto Opens the Automatic Metrics or Automatic Kerning generation dialog boxes Reset Kerning Opens the Res
33. FontLab TypeTool3 This folder has exactly the same structure as the folder discussed above and can store any files customized by the user Any file placed in the respective location within that folder will override the corresponding file placed in the shared Fontlab Ltd Please put your customized files in this folder The location of the folder can be modified in Preferences gt General Options gt Folders and paths TypeTool 3 user data files Users fontlab Documents TTS B Restart program to apply changes to location of the FontLab files When we refer to one of the folders we will use the following syntax main folder subfolder name Where main folder can be one of the following Shared default data folder Shared user data folder Application default data folder Application user data folder and subfolder name is the name of the particular subfolder within that folder For reasons of brevity we will sometimes write Shared which will mean either Shared default data folder or Shared user data folder Application which will mean either Application default data folder or Application user data folder This means that a particular file can be stored in either of the two locations default or user Remember that user locations always override default locations 27 28 Mouse Click on the mouse on some object Right click on some object Ctrl click on something Drag some object
34. Glyph Window on page 135 chapter OK we are almost ready to open a sample font but before we do let s talk about customization of the TypeTool user interface Customizing TypeTool s User Interface As you may infer from the title of this section most of the TypeTool user interface which means menus toolbars and keyboard shortcuts is customizable We believe our default interface is the easiest to use but if for some reason you do not like it you are free to make any changes you want If you do not want to change anything in the TypeTool user interface you can fast forward on page 38 to the next section The general idea of customization is simple there is a long list of commands that you can use and three kinds of controls menus toolbars and keyboard shortcuts Through customization you can assign any command to a menu item button on a toolbar or combination of keys pressed on a keyboard In addition you can organize commands in context menus or toolbars Most of the customization commands are concentrated in the Customize panel that you can open with the Customize command from the Tools menu or the same command located in the context menu which appears if you Crri click on a toolbar or toolbar dock area Customizd The Customize dialog box consists of several lists Commands List of all the available commands grouped into several categories Toolbars Customization of toolbars There is an option to create ne
35. Medes _ Glyph metrics _ Hints _ Fill outline Fit gly oh to page vertically using visual ascender and deqcendter 2 At the right select the single glyph that you want to be printed or type the names of glyphs proceeded by slash You also may use glyph Unicode codepoints proceeded by backslash You can use the Choose Glyph button to open the Find Glyph dialog box 3 Set other printing options Nodes If this option is on TypeTool will print squares visually representing nodes Glyph metrics If this option is on TypeTool will print lines representing glyph metrics Hints If this option is on and hints are present they will be printed Fill outline If this option is on glyph outlines will be printed filled 339 Fit glyph to page If this option is selected each glyph will be printed vertically scaled to fit the page vertically and centered horizontally Use current Glyph If this option is on each glyph will be printed at the size window zoom of the currently opened Glyph window This option cannot be selected if there are no opened Glyph windows 4 Click on OK You will see the standard Macintosh Print dialog box Use combinations of different options to see the printing result which better meets your needs Printout of the glyph sample with default printing options TYPETOOL GLYPH SAMPLE Monotype Typography isc Awel Cee ENE Font Arial Black Giph A Page ij pr i I ee ER I i I
36. These selections behave similarly to selected text in a text editor you can copy selected glyphs to another place in the font or to a different font you can apply different effects to the selection etc Selected glyphs have inverted colors The last selected glyph is the current glyph greater question ak Z TEE backslash TTE gJasgiicirey WX Y AA oes MEE To select one or more cells hold down the left mouse button on the first or last cell of your selection and quickly drag the cursor across the cells you want to select You will see the selection highlighted If you drag the cursor outside the visible part of the chart it will scroll accordingly To cancel your selection click on any glyph cell Alternative Using the cursor keys on the keyboard set the current cell highlight on the first or last cell of a selection then hold down the Suirr key Move the current cell highlight as described earlier to select the cells Selection does not have to be continuous If you hold down the COMMAND key you can select and deselect cells in any order and combination Context Menu Most commands available in the Font window can be selected from the context menu To open the context menu click the right mouse button anywhere in the chart area or press the Space key once Here is a sample of the Font window context menu Width Copy Delete Action Rename Current Glyph is Default Open Glyph Window
37. Tools toolbar The Meter tool panel appears O pP 398 Meter 1452 b Mi s a S 15 398 k 7 al ns O This is a brief description of the fields on the Meter panel 2135 to 504 y 2188 Re 1509 k lt 260 o BORE s FA 25 5 _ ee 23 i 4 4 Absolute position of the point relative to the glyph zero point Reference distance relative to the position of the reference point Horizontal and vertical distance from the beginning to the end of the metering line Geometric distance an angle of the metering line The total quantity of nodes and of selected nodes in the glyph Note that you can open the panel at any time if you click on the button in the bottom left corner of the Glyph window A second click on this button will close the panel 2 Position the mouse cursor on your first point Hold down the mouse button and drag the mouse to the second point In the Meter panel you will see the vertical horizontal and direct distance between two points and the angle of a vector that would theoretically connect these points Hold down the Suirt key while you drag the mouse to constrain the measurement to 15 degree increments 223 224 You may dock the Meter panel to any edge of the Glyph Window While you are dragging the mouse you will see that the Meter tool arrow sticks to any object that it can find in the editing field To measure the distance from a contour 1 Put the mouse curs
38. Transformation Center To transform the glyph or the selected area Select the type of the transformation by clicking on one of the buttons in the left and the transformation options in the right area Shift Shift x y oO u 4 e 0 a Enter a distance to move the selection in font units Rotate 0 Center Zero point B Enter the rotation angle degrees counterclockwise and select a center of rotation dero point Center of selection Bottom left comer p Reference point z Slant 44 Mirror Scale x y Pe FY 100 loo ein Uniform Center Zero point B z Enter the scaling factor and select a center point of transformation Use the Uniform option to scale proportionally Slant T a Center Center of select Enter the slant angle degrees positive value slants to the right and select a center point Mirror axis od fea Center Zero point B Enter the direction of the mirror axis and select the center point of the transformation Use the buttons to mirror horizontally or vertically quickly Click on the Apply button or press the ENTER key to apply the transformation to the selected area Pressing the button will align all selected nodes horizontally or vertically If you press the button the Actions dialog box will open see the Actions on page 295 chapter below
39. a line it positions the next glyph s LSB line right at the RSB line of the previous glyph 7 I I Ascender E Caps height Fe eee re Fai T i i l Pe i i x height i pege lo i Bounding A jo box 1 N a i I i I Baseline ae ee EL g L i LSB RSB r ane ee Achance width i i i i i l Descender Glyphs may have negative sidebearings e g the rightmost edge of the bounding box may be positioned to the right of the RSB line 255 256 Kerning Kerning information is used to adjust the space between specific pairs of glyphs As you can see in the following image some glyphs may be well spaced with just the bearings rectangle but other glyphs are not To fix this problem a special technique called kerning has been developed A good example is the Av pair In the following image you can see two examples of inter glyph spacing with and without kerning v Av With kerning Without kerning You can see that only the kerned image is optically correct because it can compensate for the problem caused by the special form of the v and A glyphs printed in sequence that leaves too much space between the letters Older font formats Type 1 MM TrueType without OpenType tables implement kerning using kerning pair lists Each kerning pair defines the number of font units usually negative by which the right sidebea
40. all locations on a contour not just nodes Dimensions These settings control visual dimensions in the Glyph Window Glyph window dimensions Visual ascender and descender 100 amp 40 of UPM Grid step 100 x 100 Snap to distance 3 Visual ascender When you select 100 as the zoom value in the Glyph and descender Window TypeTool needs to choose a scaling factor to fit the font unit space in the Glyph Window This is done by always fitting the Visual ascender is to the top of the Glyph Window and fitting the Visual descender to the bottom of the window If you think that the 100 zoom level shows you a too small portion of your glyph because for example your font has extremely long ascenders and descenders you can increase these values This is only a visual setting and does not modify and metric information in the font Grid step This setting controls the grid step in font units You can show hide the grid and enable snapping to grid from the View menu Snap to distance If any of the editing layers has the snap to property turned on moving a node will cause it to snap to the objects on that particular layer if the distance between the node and the object is not larger than the distance in pixels specified here Tip Enabling snap to grid and increasing the snap to distance may be helpful when designing pixel fonts 61 62 Colors Glyph window colors Grid Guidelines Global guidelines EE
41. and change the slant angle of a calligraphic brush Additionally you can select how the brush strokes are started and finished Choose the brush s starting and finishing shape by activating one of the radio buttons You can also select the style of the connection between two sequential segments of brush strokes It can be sharp smooth or flat Select one in the dialog box Icons near the radio buttons give an explanation of the styles of connections Last field in the Brush options area lets you to select the shape of the brush stroke Other options relate to the Polygon tool described later and the options for automatic activation of the Free Transform operation and reversing of the auto color To choose one of the Polygon tool modes use the options in the Polygon tool field If you choose Normal contour Polygon the polygon tool will create a simple contour that can include straight segments and curves If you choose the Brush trace option the current brush will be applied to the created polygon s contour In the Brush trace mode you cannot draw curves while defining a new polygon If you mark the Automatically activate Transform operation check box and select the Transparent painting color the Free Transform operation will be activated and applied to the contour that you created after the completion of any paint operation The last option Reverse auto color changes the behavior of the auto color brush mode If you begin d
42. and select the Paste command from the Edit menu To import an Illustrator 8 compatible EPS file into TypeTool open a Glyph window make a new glyph if necessary and choose Edit gt Paste if you are pasting from clipboard or File gt Import gt EPS if you are importing from a file 249 250 Manual and Automatic Scaling If the imported drawings end up being too large or too small go back to your outline drawing application and scale the artwork accordingly Remember that if the option Keep size in Preferences gt General gt EPS and bitmap background is enabled 1 pt in Illustrator EPS corresponds to 1 font unit in TypeTool and artwork is imported without any scaling Alternatively instead of scaling all your artwork to a particular height e g 700 pt in Illustrator you can also have TypeTool automatically scale the artwork for you This is particularly useful if you import pre existing logos or similar symbols to TypeTool If you wish that TypeTool automatically scales all pasted or imported artwork to fit the font s height enable these options located in the Preferences gt General gt EPS and bitmap background dialog box Fit between Ascender and Descender or f Fit between Ascender and Baseline Nodes in digital fonts can only have integer coordinates On the other hand your Illustrator artwork can have nodes with fractional coordinates such as 161 352 pt or 354 78 mm When TypeTool imports a drawing it has
43. by the Ascender and Descender parameters hhea This value is used by the Mac OS to compensate Ascender and Descender values and calculate the correct distance between baselines of the text Refer to the formulas below to see how baseline to baseline distance is calculated Baseline to baseline distance calculation Windows Windows Metric OpenType Metric ascent WinAscent descent WinDescent internal leading WinAscent WinDescent UPM external leading MAX 0O LineGap WinAscent WinDescent Ascender Descender BTBD ascent descent external leading It should be clear that the external leading can never be less than zero Pixels above the ascent or below the descent will be clipped from the glyph this is true for all output devices Macintosh Macintosh Metric OpenType Metric ascender Ascender descender Descender leading LineGap BTBD ascender descender leading 329 330 Encoding and Unicode As we mentioned earlier fonts may have very many characters and support a lot of different languages To tell the operating system what codepages the current font can support you set the codepages information TrueType and Type 1 fonts use different methods to identify what codepages a font supports In TrueType fonts you can identify all the supported codepages by setting bits in a special field of the font header In Type 1 fonts you select only one codepage actually encoding vector and
44. can open your last saved font from the Autosave directory When you manually save your font and the Create backup files option is enabled TypeTool will save the previous version of your font in the same folder as the currently saved vfb file but will use the bak file extension instead If you would like to go back and open the previous backup version of your vfb file use File gt Open navigate to the folder in that you saved your file and type in bak in the File name field then press ENTER You will then see the backup file and will be able to open it Folders and Paths Please refer to the Folders and Paths on page 25 section of the TypeTool User Interface on page 19 chapter for information about these settings 55 56 EPS and Bitmap Background EPS and bitmap background EPS import fe Keep size 1 EPS pt 1 UPM unit a Fit between Ascender and Descender Fit between Ascender and Baseline Bitmap height for the Create Bitmap command 200 Keep size When enabled pasted and imported EPS AI outlines will not be scaled with the assumption that 1 pt in the EPS Al drawing corresponds to 1 font unit in TypeTool Fit between When enabled pasted and imported EPS AI outlines will be Ascender and automatically scaled to fit between the Ascender and Descender Descender lines of the font Fit between When enabled pasted and imported EPS AI outlines will be Ascender and automatically scaled to fi
45. character for example all the glyphs A A A A A A A A are used to visually represent the same character A Unicode codepoint 0041 In short characters are codes glyphs are images Even within the same font there is no 1 1 relation between characters and glyphs The same glyph can be used to represent two characters the Latin letter A Unicode codepoint 0041 and the Cyrillic letter A Unicode 0410 On the other hand multiple glyphs can be used to represent the same character an OpenType font can include alternate glyphs al J E I imna ET AARAKRAALAEGE 93 94 Characters and Glyphs in TypeTool When a text editor displays text on screen using a font a process of character to glyph mapping must occur The application sends a request to the font rasterizer for a rendering of a character code The font rasterizer looks up the character code in the character mapping table that is included in the font The mapping table maps character codes to glyph indexes of individual glyphs Then the rasterizer located the glyph using its glyph index in the glyph collection of the font Finally the rasterizer produces the image of the glyph at a specified size and sends it back to the application h o _ Find glyph in font rr asasocaied With E j i iig each code 4 Sea i Store text the glyph as Codes HH68006F006D00605 pa As discussed earlier captions of glyph cells in Typ
46. click on Save to save your font in FontLab format vfb See the Generating Fonts on page 343 chapter to know how to save fonts in other formats 114 Autosave If you want to protect yourself from system or program crashes you can use the Autosave function that will periodically save the current font To activate and customize this feature open the Preferences dialog box and select the General Options gt Open amp Save page You will see the Autosave controls Autosave fonts every 10 minutes Use the check box to activate Autosave and enter the time interval in minutes at which you want to save the font Font will be saved into the Autosave folder within the Application user data folder typically My Documents FontLab TypeTool3 and will be named using the following structure flsX save vfb where fls are the first 3 letters of Font Name and the X is some unique value If Autosave was active and you have a system or program crash you can open your last saved font from the Autosave folder 115 116 Copying and Pasting Glyphs To copy selected glyphs select the Copy command from the Edit menu Note that this copies not only the glyph outline but also the glyph information such as its name The selected glyphs will be placed in the Macintosh Clipboard and can be pasted into the same font or into another font by the Paste command from the same menu Glyphs from the Clipboard will be placed s
47. com fontographer is a font editor for graphic designers and typographers who would like to create or modify Type 1 and TrueType fonts using a highly streamlined very easy to use interface e Fontlab Studio http www fontlab com studio is a comprehensive high end font editors used by font foundries professional type designers typographers and graphic design studios allowing them to create and modify fonts in all major outline font formats including Type 1 TrueType Multiple Master and OpenType e AsiaFont Studio http www fontlab com asiafontstudio is high end CJ K font editor based on FontLab Studio but extended with abilities to handle large J apanese Chinese and Korean fonts TypeTool 3 0 is a new version of the basic editor from Fontlab Ltd allowing the designer to create fonts from start to end Despite the simple user interface and very affordable price fonts created in TypeTool are of professional quality Major new features of TypeTool 3 0 e Better glyph design true tangent points color customized and streamlined glyph window e New mask layer editing e New metrics and kerning editing e Bitmap background support import bitmap image or BDF files e Unicode 4 1 support new Unicode glyph template images from Monotype Imaging e OpenType fonts import and export e Better font proofing with new printing modes e Open and save enhancements open installed fonts preview fonts before opening save all re
48. composite 119 240 creating 121 139 deleting 122 index 94 marks 83 name 23 89 Property Panel 94 renaming 125 searching for 123 glyph cell 58 caption 58 empty 57 Glyph Naming and Character Encoding 23 Glyph Window 42 136 change a view in 140 colors 62 Local Toolbar 136 375 open the 39 136 138 options 59 glyphname 94 glyphs copying 116 creating 121 139 exporting 246 importing 246 selecting 108 138 Greek 99 green marks 156 grid 61 217 Guidelines 148 218 context menu 221 editing 219 global 218 properties 222 H hint commands 239 hinting character level 236 font level 236 hints editing 237 layer 236 property panel 239 Hungarian 90 Ikarus 11 Illustrator 246 importing font collection 81 glyphs 246 metrics 291 multiple master fonts 80 OpenType fonts 370 options 64 66 Importing and Exporting Glyphs 56 INF 68 Intersection 213 215 376 J Join 179 K kerning automatic generation 288 editing 285 manual editing 286 pair 63 resetting 290 Kerning mode 47 285 keyboard customization 35 shortcuts 35 Knife 145 171 179 L language 64 90 Latvian 90 License 320 Line Gap 327 Lithuanian 90 Lock 43 M Mac OS 11 316 327 345 347 348 356 Mac OS X 71 346 356 Macintosh 79 90 99 Magic Wand 145 196 mapping file 64 folder 127 mask 148 232 editing 233 Mask layer 232 measure 223 menu 24 custom
49. create the custom special toolbar containing buttons for switching modes M RLE Edit Mode he Edit mode is the most important in TypeTool In this mode you can modify the contents of all the editing layers All operations performed with the edit tool can be undone with the Undo command of the Edit menu or by clicking on the Undo button toolbar at the top of the Glyph Window You can undo up to 200 operations All undone operations can be redone with the Redo command of the Edit menu or with the Redo button on the on the toolbar In Edit mode you can use eleven different Edit Tools You can easily choose one of the tools using the Tools toolbar e E Tools EF E ee Oe E HEES Note that the Tools toolbar also contains buttons of other modes Alternatively you may use the keys from 1 to 9 to quickly select edit tools 1 Edit Main tool used to drag objects on the editing layers and perform other operations In the following chapters we will assume that this tool is active in the Edit mode Eraser This tool is used to quickly remove unnecessary nodes Knife Tool to insert nodes and break outlines Magic Wand Tool to quickly select contours click anywhere near the contour and it is selected Note that this tool is not available in the Tools toolbar by default 145 5 Add Corner Tools to create new contours or insert nodes 6 Add Curve i 7 Ad
50. does not know anything about characters All the features that OpenType can have are defined for glyphs This is the process of OpenType text processing 0 1 As a source we have a sequence of characters Character codes are mapped to default glyphs using the Unicode mapping table In T ypeTool this is what you see in the Font window when you select one of the codepages Here we have a sequence of characters replaced by a sequence of glyphs No character information is available beyond this point The source sequence of glyphs is passed to the OpenType processing module which then applies the font features in a pre defined sequence The list of the features to apply is determined by the application for example in Adobe InDesign you can explicitly select features to apply or operating system e g the rendering of Arabic text with an OpenType font The resulting sequence of glyphs is passed to the second stage of feature processing which can shift the positions of glyphs Kerning is applied at this stage The sequence of glyphs accompanied by the positioning information is passed to the rasterizer which does the imaging of the features on the destination device screen or printer OpenType Font Formats Another key feature of the OpenType format is the fact that from the user s point of view there is only one font format for Mac PC or any other platform From the inside there are two possible forms of OpenType fonts
51. drawing shapes This chapter concentrates on the tools used in the glyph design process Editing Metrics Glyphs rarely appear as isolated images more often they are shown in running text so the distances between them need to be carefully edited TypeTool lets you define the glyph advance widths sidebearings and kerning manually or automatically and this chapter discusses these aspects in detail Actions Scaling rotating flipping or cleaning up outlines increasing advance widths equalizing sidebearings removing hints applying effects actions can help you to speed up your work This chapter gives detailed descriptions of all actions and their usage in TypeTool OpenType Fonts This chapter explains how to open and generate OpenType fonts with TypeTool System Requirements The Macintosh version of TypeTool requires one of the following hardware and software configurations A Power PC or Intel based Macintosh with Mac OS X v 10 2 or later installed v 10 4 is recommended At least 10Mb of free space on the hard disk drive and at least 64 MB RAM TypeTool will start on 32 MB RAM but you will need more RAM to open bigger fonts 17 TypeTool User Interface Before talking about fonts and the TypeTool font editing features let s spend some time learning the TypeTool user interface For the most part it is similar to the user interface of your operating system If you know how to navigate in Mac OS you will fee
52. encoding automatically or Export Unicode codepage then TypeTool will generate a Standard Encoding encoded Type 1 font if one of the encodings from this group is active Please refer to the TypeTool Options on page 51 section for more discussion on this Use any of these encodings when you are working on a typical Western Roman Type 1 font If you are working on a Western Roman Type 1 font that will be generated as Windows Type 1 and as Mac Type 1 use MacOS Roman as your encoding since this will give you the entire character set that is required to be present in your font Adobe The native representation of the Adobe Standard Encoding Standard Encoding Default Encoding Thesimulation of what a Standard Encoding encoded Type 1 font will appear to the user if installed on the current operating system MS Windows 1252 The simulation of what a Standard Encoding encoded Type 1 Western ANSI font will appear to the user if installed on Microsoft Windows MacOS Roman The simulation of what a Standard Encoding encoded Type 1 font will appear to the user if installed on Mac OS Use this when you are working on a typical Western Roman Type 1 font 99 100 Type 1 non Western groups If any of the encodings from these groups is active the Type 1 font will be generated with custom encoding if Preferences gt Generating Type 1 gt Encoding options is set to any value except Always write Standard Encoding These encodings can be
53. font 81 82 Creating a New Font If you want to create a new font from scratch you select the New command from the File menu TypeTool will create an empty font that will not have any glyphs and will open an empty Font Window When you have created a new font it is a good idea to first go to File gt Font Info gt Names and Copyright fill in the Family Name and the Style Name even if they are temporary Then press Build Names you can fill in the remaining Font Info entries later Then click on OK choose File gt Save As and save the new font in the vfb format under a new filename in a folder of your choice Now you can start to create your glyphs in the Font Window design them in the Glyph Window letterspace them in the Metrics Window Also you should fill in the important Font Info fields see the Font Header on page 307 chapter for details When this is done you can generate your font in the font format of your choice e g OpenType PS otf install it on your system and test it The Font Window The Font Window is used to display an entire font It opens automatically when you open an existing font for editing or choose to create a new font In TypeTool you can open many fonts at once and every font will have its own Font Window The Font Window is a representation of the font so when you close this window the font will also close You can do a lot of things using the Font Window from brow
54. fonts The maximum depth below the baseline reached by characters in this family of fonts The depth is usually a negative number Maximum leading for the family The leading value is usually set to zero Maximum character width for the family 361 362 Style mapping flags Font Class Font name needs This option is switched on if the font name needs coordinating coordinating Font family creates the When this option is switched on the Outline style of the outline style by changing family will be created by changing PaintType a PaintType PostScript variable to 2 Font family doesn t allow This option is switched on if the font family disallows simulation of the outline simulating the Outline style by smearing the glyph and style whiting out the middle Font family doesn t allow This option is switched on if the font family disallows simulation of the bold simulating the Bold style by smearing the glyphs style Font family simulates This option is switched on if the font family simulates the bold style by the Bold style by increasing the point size increasing point size Font family doesn t allow This option is switched on if the font family disallows simulation of the italic simulating the Italic style style Font family doesn t allow This option is switched on if the font family disallows simulation of the automatic simulation of the style Condensed condensed style Font family doesn t allow This option is switched on if
55. from the suitcase then the suitcase is removed too Suitcase Export Options Before generating a Macintosh suitcase you have to choose the font format Select Macintosh TrueType or Type 1 in the popup menu Select destination format Macintosh Type 1 H Macintosh TrueType When Type 1 is selected additional eee is available Macintosh Type 1 Select destination fee O Adobe TypeReunion compatible If this option is checked TypeTool generate a font suitcase compatible with Adobe TypeReunion which lets the font s styles appear in the hierarchical menu of the font menu in pre X Mac OS Note To build ATR compatible font families make the FOND Name and the FOND ID fields of all the included fonts different Macintosh Type 1 fonts have to be generated with at least one accompanying bitmap font in a NFNT resource You can define the point sizes that will be generated in Preferences gt Generating Type 1 Generate bitmaps for size s 10 14 Use bitmap rasterizer FreeType built in You may select a rasterizer for generating bitmaps Choose among the build in FreeType and Adobe rasterizers or Mac OS X rasterizer When TrueType is selected another additional option is available Select destination format Macintosh TrueType eee Write resources in Data Fork AAA EAA IAAI I I A A E n a
56. generated as CFF flavored Outline subroutines store in the CFF table repetitive parts of outlines and allow to reuse with references from outline definition code Autohint unhinted When enabled all glyphs that contain no hints will be glyphs autohinted After all options are set correctly use the File gt Generate Font command to save the OpenType font file Select TrueType OpenType TT ttf to generate an OpenType TT Truelype flavored font or OpenType PS otf to generate an OpenType PS CFF flavored font Index A Actions 109 203 Add Corner 145 Add Curve 145 Add Tangent 145 Adobe 11 68 Adobe Glyph List 127 Adobe Illustrator 246 Adobe InDesign 94 Adobe Type Manager 68 322 AFM 14 68 258 291 293 Al 56 246 ANSI 83 99 Append 118 appending glyphs 118 Apple 11 Arabic 102 331 Ascender 325 327 ATM 68 ATypl 11 autohinting 72 371 autokerning 14 288 Automatic Kerning Generation 288 Automatic Metrics Generation 283 Autosave 55 115 autospacing 14 283 B Background 148 225 228 layer 225 positioning 227 Background Positioning 228 backup 55 113 baseline 229 231 279 property panel 231 BCPs 156 180 BDF 13 Before You Generate 356 Bezierr curves 67 156 Bezierr Drawing 145 175 bitmap background 225 Bitstream 331 blue marks 83 155 BMP 92 Break 179 BTBD 327 Build Names 312 C Caps height 325 cascade 133 cell sizes 87 Central Eu
57. height 325 XUID 322 Z zero point 153 zoom 43 142 zoom mode 87 140 379
58. in the Customize dialog to reset all changes back to TypeTool defaults Now you know everything about the customization of menus toolbars and the keyboard so you can click the Close button at the bottom of the Customize dialog box to exit the customization mode Important note in the following manual we will describe all commands buttons and keyboard shortcuts as they come with TypeTool without any customizations If you changed the interface but want to follow the manual reset all changes with the Reset All button in the Customize dialog box Faster Method to Customize Commands You can customize toolbars without opening the Customize dialog box by holding down the Comman key on the keyboard and dragging buttons between toolbars Links to External Programs Use the Tools command in the Tools gt External Tools menu to assign Macintosh programs to menu items in TypeTool s Tools menu Plugins Settings Installed Plugins E i m Tait There is a list of the assigned programs in the dialog and it is empty by default Click on this button O to add a link Select the application in the standard Open File dialog box and click on Open The application name will appear in the list An easier way is to let TypeTool find applications itself Click on the is button at the right of the list and TypeTool will automatically search for applications from Fontlab Ltd on the available local disks a The
59. in the editing area All Pairs in the current string or All Pairs in the following list TypeTool allows you to generate kerning for all the pairs located in a special list file The list files are stored in Application default data folder Kerning folder You can create your own kerning pair files or use one of the files placed there at the time of TypeTool s installation The Parameters area lets you customize the autokerning algorithm The most used option is How much white space do you want to leave between glyphs This controls how close the glyphs will be moved together while computing kerning in the pair The Allow for positive kerning check box lets the autokerning algorithm produce positive kerning in pairs Positive kerning moves glyphs apart from each other Positive kerning is usually not recommended but there may be occasional circumstances where it is needed If you want to save the existing kerning the combo box lets you control the disposition of the existing imported or manually created kerning pairs You can replace existing pairs by automatically generating new ones keep them unchanged or select the condition mode The Maximum number of generated pairs and Smallest allowable kern options control the possible number of automatically created pairs and the minimal normal negative or positive kerning value 289 Resetting Kerning To remove the kerning information for some glyphs or for the entire font you
60. is specially highlighted You can see the current glyph name and its Unicode codepoint in the bottom command bar Glyph A 0041 Selected 1 1030 To view different parts of the font in the Font window you can either use the vertical scroll bar or the auto scroll mode if you place the mouse anywhere in the chart hold down the left mouse button and move the mouse cursor above the top or bottom of the chart it will scroll up or down accordingly selecting the glyphs You can also use the Space key to scroll the Font window Press the SPACE key hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse to scroll the window vertically If you have a wheel on your mouse you can use it to scroll the Font window vertically Alternatively you can use the keyboard keys to navigate in the font chart Arrow keys Moves the current glyph highlight one cell right left up or down according to the key used Command Right arrow Moves 2 cells right Commandt Left arrow Moves 2 cells left Page Up and Page Down Moves the glyph highlight one screen up or down Home Moves the glyph highlight to the leftmost glyph on the current row End Moves the glyph highlight to the rightmost glyph on the current row Command Home Moves the glyph highlight to the first glyph on the chart Command End Moves the glyph highlight to the last glyph on the chart 107 108 Selecting In addition to the current glyph you can select sets of glyphs in the font chart
61. it must be compatible with the actual font encoding Available codepages Supported codepages 1253 Greek i 1252 Latin 1 1255 Hebrew 1250 Latin 2 Eastern Europe 1256 Arabic 1251 Cyrillic 1258 Windows Vietnamese 1254 Turkish 874 Thai lita 1257 Windows Baltic 932 JIS Japan Macintosh Character Set 936 Simplified Chinese 949 Korean Wansung 7 950 Traditional Chinese 7 P Character Set Information Microsoft Character Set f Western Latin 1 CP1252 ANSI He PFM Default character Mac script and FOND ID Roman HH 5262 To select the supported codepages automatically press the Auto button TypeTool will analyse the Unicode information available in the font and will automatically detect which codepages this font can support To add a codepage to the list of supported codepages select a codepage in the left list and press the 2 Add button To remove a codepage from the list of supported codepages select a codepage in the right list and press the Del button To reset the list of supported codepages press the Reset button The Meaning of Supported Codepages in Windows In Windows 3 1x this information is not used In Windows 95 and Windows NT a font that has more than one standard 1252 Latin 1 codepage supported will appear as a font available for different scripts So if for example you set Latin 1 and Cyrillic codepages for a font with the name MyFont in Windows 95 and N
62. it with a series of curves and lines How to create a new contour If you begin a contour in a free area where the cursor has its ordinary Shape you will define a new contour If you want to begin a new contour but its startpoint is on an existing contour press the Comman key to force TypeTool to create a new contour How to modify an existing contour When you move the cursor of the Contour tool onto an existing contour or node it changes If you begin drawing without holding down the COMMAND key the new contour will be inserted into the existing one If the finishing point of your drawing is on an existing contour also and the starting and finishing points are on the same contour then the new drawing will replace the part of the existing contour that lies between the starting and finishing points How to draw a single curve Hold the Suirr key down when you release the left mouse button after drawing a new line Your drawing will be approximated by a single curve This is a good way to draw a new contour step by step 187 188 Brush Tool The Brush tool F works like the usual bitmap brush that you find in any bitmap editing program You begin a brush stroke by holding down the left mouse button Draw the stroke by dragging the mouse and finish drawing it by releasing the left mouse button To change the color of the brush use the color selection buttons on the Paint toolbar for the empty color k
63. left mouse button Pe ff F Drag the glyphs to the new position Release the button to finish moving If you rearrange glyphs by moving them to cells that are already occupied by some existing glyphs you will see a dialog box prompting you to choose whether to replace the existing glyphs or save them by moving them to the end of the encoding You have dropped glyphs at the places used by the glyphs with names listed below Keep replaced symbols under new names Cancel 111 112 Leave Keep replaced glyphs under new names checked to save the glyphs I e put the new glyphs in the cells and move the existing glyphs to cells at the end of the encoding or clear it to replace them I e delete the existing glyphs Note that even if source selection is not continuous the destination selection will be continuous If you are working in the Codepages or Names mode when you move glyphs they get new names but keep their old Unicode codepoints You must assign proper codepoints later Saving the Font Most of the font modification operations are not undoable so we recommend you save your work regularly To save a font that you have opened from an existing font file in FontLab format or imported from other format use the File gt Save command or click on the Save l button on the Standard toolbar To save all opened fonts click on the File gt Save all command or this button on the Standard toolbar Font
64. list If the local command area is at the bottom you will get a size menu Size 72 7 and two buttons to the right of it ah ad Use these buttons to decrease or increase the size of the sample string Both the combo box and the Size menu contain an Auto command Select it and the size of the sample text will be automatically selected to fit one line of text into the current vertical size of the editing area The combo box and the Size menu also contain the Custom command Select it and you will see the following dialog box String Size lt a 7 a e Type in the desired point size in the text field at the right or use the slider to adjust the size You will see the result immediately in the Metrics window If the sample text becomes too large to fit in the window a vertical scroll bar will appear allowing you to view all the editing areas of the Metrics window Right to Left Mode If you are working on a font that requires right to left reading like Arabic or Hebrew you can change the Metrics window to the right to left mode 2145 Preview F Size Auto aa il Options Tools ifeafifbbdifc f T A a Note The Metrics window in TypeTool does not support OpenType Layout features so Arabic shaping is not automatically performed You need to explicitly enter the glyph names or Unicode codepoints of the presentational forms to display the text 273 Previewing Outline and Nodes Some c
65. must use the Reset Kerning feature To open the Reset Kerning dialog box select the Reset Kerning command in the f 7 Tools local menu of the Metrics Window or in the context menu The Reset Kerning dialog box appears Reset Kerning What exactly do you want to do Reset kerning for the current pair Reset kerning for all pairs in the string _ Reset kerning for all glyphs in the string Completely reset kerning in the current font Cancel This dialog box includes options that control kerning removal Available options are Reset kerning for the This is the default if a pair is selected Removes kerning current pair for that pair only You can get the same result by clicking the right mouse button while editing kerning in the current pair Reset kerning for all pairs Default if no pairs are selected Removes kerning in all in the string pairs that exist in the current string Reset kerning for all Removes kerning in all pairs that include glyphs in the glyphs in the string current string Completely reset kerning Removes all the kerning pairs available in the font in the current font Because this is not an undoable operation we recommend you to save the current metrics and kerning data in the metrics file 290 Opening Metrics Files TypeTool allows you to import metrics and or kerning information into the current font Using this feature you can create metric and kerning in
66. need to select the appropriate encoding in the Names mode in Font Window and generate the font with custom encoding 69 70 How Windows ATM Interprets a StandardEncoding When a Type 1 font has StandardEncoding ATM assumes that this font includes all the glyphs from the first 128 glyph range digits alphabet and basic punctuation and the European glyphs 128 255 range The first 128 glyphs are called the top zone The 128 255 range is called the bottom zone The Adobe StandardEncoding includes very few glyphs from the bottom zone compared to the number of glyphs in the WinANSI actual Windows encoding encoding When a Type 1 font in StandardEncoding is installed with ATM ATM uses a special encoding instead of the real StandardEncoding as it is documented in the Type 1 format specification This special Windows encoding is called the Default Encoding in TypeTool So if you create a StandardEncoding font and want to see how it will work in Windows select the Default Encoding in TypeTool Here is an explanation of the possible encoding export options Select encoding This is the recommended setting Generates the font with automatically Standard Encoding if the Font Window is in Names mode and the encoding selector shows one of the following Adobe Standard Encoding Default Encoding MS Windows 1252 Western ANSI or Mac OS Roman Otherwise a custom encoding will be generated Always write Type
67. paste it into any Macintosh image editing program save it to the image file and set its size and position on the screen To open a bitmap image select the Background command from the File gt Import menu Background Export gt Bitmap Font 7 EPS Font Info d6F Metrics Page Setup p Frint oP You will see the standard Macintosh Open File dialog box where you can select the bitmap file that you want to put into the background layer TypeTool supports all bitmap formats supported by QuickTime Bitmap files that you import into TypeTool must be black and white line art images Neither color nor grayscale images can be imported into TypeTool Your image editing application can usually make this change 225 226 To copy a bitmap image from another Macintosh program into TypeTool select the image in the program using its selection tools copy the image onto the Clipboard the image may be color black white or grayscale switch to the TypeTool Glyph window and select the Paste command from the Edit menu To rasterize a glyph s outline and make a background layer from it select the Create command from the Tools gt Background menu Below is a table containing all the commands from the Background menu related to background bitmap layer Create Rasterizes the outline and makes a background layer Copy Copies the contents of the background layer to the Macintosh Clipboard You can also use the Pas
68. selected part of a glyph s contour Duplicate To insert a copy of the selection into the current glyph as a new contour When you use the Paste command the selection is pasted without offset from the original location When you use the Duplicate command the selection is pasted with offset 100 100 Because the Clipboard is used as a buffer for copying contours you can paste glyphs and their parts not only to the current font but also to any glyph of any font of any application that is compatible with TypeTool Transforming the Selection Sometimes you need to scale rotate or slant a whole or part of a glyph outline In TypeTool you can do this using several methods 1 Using the Transformation panel 2 Using the Transform tools 3 Using the Free Transform operation Note To avoid naming confusions former Tools gt Transform feature has been renamed to Action Starting from TypeTool 3 0 the user interface uses the terms Transform and Transformation to refer to geometric transformations such as rotation or scaling that can be applied to glyph outlines Actions refer to operations that may affect outlines but also other font elements such as metrics or hints 201 202 Using the Transformation Panel The Transformation panel allows you to apply several simple transformations to the selected area or to the whole glyph To open the Transformation panel you can select a Transformation Panel command in the Window menu
69. the bottom position of the Font Window command bar the bar does not have the Font Info button It does however contain a Size context menu that allows you to temporarily change the size of the glyph cells in the current Font Window Possible sizes vary from 16x16 up to 128x128 pixels Smaller cells occupy less space but hide details If you select the smallest size 16x16 you will not be able to see the additional marks which are visible in cells at larger SIZES You can also use the next two buttons to decrease bal or increase idl the glyph cell size in the current Font Window A sample of the different cell sizes OA 16X16 24x24 32X32 87 88 To permanently change the size of glyph cells in all Font windows go to Preferences gt Font Window gt Glyph cell gt Each cell should have dimensions of and set the size of the glyph cells As mentioned previously the Caption context menu allows you to choose the caption text The next combo box allows you to switch between the different modes and is equivalent to the two buttons in the top position Names Codepages The third context menu is equivalent for the Encoding menu in the top position of the command bar and is discussed later The current glyph name and Unicode codepoint as well as the total quantity of glyphs are shown in the right part of the command bar in the bottom position Glyph Naming and Character Encoding TypeTool supports different charact
70. the connection fixed You can use it instead of Direction OPTION double clicking on the node Contour Set of commands related to the contour to which the selected node belongs described below Connection Popup menu with connection settings You can use it instead of double clicking on node Properties Opens the Node properties panel 180 Contour commands Reverse contour Reverses the contour direction OO Close contour Makes open contour closed Delete contour Removes the contour OO Subtract contour Subtracts contour from the outline OC Select contour Reverses the selection state of the contour 181 182 Node Properties Crri click or right click on the node and choose the Properties command in the context menu You will see the Node properties panel Node Properties Bezier curve 9 22 1 gt eee e fee E wae mr fe selected l gt In this property panel you can control the position of the node the alignment type the selection status of the node and the position of the control points of the curves The figures in the first line are the index of the segment the node index and the contour s number To change the position of a node 1 Select the origin point you want to use and set the coordinates of the node By default the origin is the glyph s origin point a With the radio buttons you can select the previous Flor next L node as the origin point 2 Mod
71. the font family disallows simulation of the automatic simulation of the style Extended extended style Font family should have This option is switched on if the font family should have no additional no additional spacing other than the space character intercharacter spacing To get full information about the parameters represented in the FOND Info dialog refer to Inside Macintosh Text Font Manager http developer apple com techpubs mac Text Text 181 html OpenType Fonts In this chapter we will discuss working with the OpenType fonts The OpenType font format jointly developed by Microsoft and Adobe allows us to combine the best features of the TrueType and Type 1 font formats OpenType fonts are stored in a single font file use Unicode as their encoding and work in Windows and Mac OS X This all has been true for older TrueType fonts but the advantage of OpenType against older font formats is the support of layout features which allow better typographic layout and precise support of complex scripts 364 Font Features OpenType fonts come in two formats sometimes called flavors OpenType TT and OpenType PS Both sorts of OpenType fonts may include so called OpenType Layout features The layout features are rules that change the standard behavior of the font For example the small caps layout feature abbreviated smcp may change all lowercase glyphs to their small caps counterparts Effluent EFFLUENT Small ca
72. this simple transformation csrriqls text The letters in the word Sample were mirrored horizontally and the letters in the word text vertically Use the Mirror Metrics control to swap left and right sidebearings of a glyph 301 302 Scale Current action Scale glyph Horizontal scale 80 Proportional scale Hehea seale 100 Ei Scale hints MI Scale metrics Scale center Origin point 0 0 This action lets you scale your glyphs proportionally or non proportionally Enter your desired vertical and horizontal scale factors in the edit fields Switch on the Proportional scale option to keep the vertical and horizontal scale factors the same Switch off the Scale hints option to avoid scaling hints along with the glyph s outline Scaling hints width is not always precise so if you scale hints with the outline you sometimes find that some hints now miss the nodes that they were supposed to hint Here is an example of this transformation the letters of the word Sample were scaled 80 horizontally and the letters of word text were proportionally scaled to 120 of original size Sample text Rotate Current action Rotate glyph Rotation angle 15 fe Clockwise Counterclockwise Rotate around Origin point 0 0 This transformation action simply rotates glyphs You can set the rotation angle the position of the center of rotation and the direction of rotation Y
73. tools that look and feel like bitmap tools You can choose brushes pens freeform selections and even enter text The idea of VectorPaint is that all the tools produce contours that combine with the existing glyph contours using our unique contour processing technology When you click on one of the tools on the Tools or Paint toolbar you enter the VectorPaint mode To open the Paint toolbar select it the View gt Toolbars menu PAs eTe Mamor The keyboard shortcut for the mode is OpTION 3 The type of interaction between existing and new contours depends on the selected color mode This process is very fast and is completely transparent to you so if you switch on the preview mode where the glyph appears filled the illusion of bitmap like editing of a contour based glyph image is very realistic All the paint tools can work in 4 different color modes Transparent Newly created vector objects that are generated by the application of VectorPaint tools do not interact with the existing glyph s contour and appear selected for easy editing Automatic The color of the brush depends on the point where you begin _ drawing If you begin in a white area a white brush will be selected if in black a black brush will be selected Use this color mode to easily extend white or black areas of the glyph O Black Generated contours are added to existing contours expanding the black area of the glyph It looks like a black brush appli
74. value in the Dimensions page of the Font Info dialog box this does not necessarily mean that the size of the glyphs will change After changing the UPM from 1000 to 2000 without scaling the glyphs all the glyphs will be visually half as big as they were before To keep the glyphs visually the same size you need to scale them along with changing the UPM size for that enable switch on the Scale all glyphs according to UPM size change check box Basic Font Dimensions Ascender Caps height Italic angle Underline Font BBox 239 319 1162 1025 735 Descender 251 Ge x height 484 Copy values to TrueType metrics Slant angle wi Copy Slant angle to Italic angle Slant is based on FontMatrix and works only in Tl fonts 100 Thickness SO Font is monospaced This option is synchronized with the Panose identification The page has several editing fields with numbers and a sample window where an appropriate glyph is displayed to help set correct values Other fields on this page mean Ascender Descender Caps height x height Italic angle Slant angle Underline Thickness Position of the font s ascender line Usually this is the height of the lowercase b glyph Position of the font s descender line Usually this is the position of the bottom line of the p glyph Height of the font s uppercase glyphs Usually the height of the H glyph Height of
75. want to make the codepages available to all recent Fontlab Ltd applications or in the Application user data folder Codepage folder typically Your Username Library Application Support FontLab TypeTool3 Codepage if you want to make the codepages available within TypeTool only All custom cpg files should be located in one of these folders Refer to Preferences gt General Options gt Folders and paths to change the actual locations of these folders Double byte If your font contains many glyphs from one of the Far East languages you may need to use double byte codepages If you select one of these codepages you will see an additional control to the right of the codepage selection list in the toolbar MS Windows 950 Chinese TI fa lt an 5 ri H H 08 5 or on the Font window bottom command bar Pages mode w MS Windows 950 Chinese A6 k This control allows you to select a page of the codepage Theoretically we may have 256 pages of 256 codes each which give us 65 636 codes In practice none of the known codepages has that many codes and usually less than half of that number 105 Using the Font Window The glyph chart in the Font window is a visual representation of all the glyphs in the font To modify the font you have to learn how to use the glyph chart navigate select glyphs and select commands 106 Navigating One of the glyphs in the Font window is the current glyph It
76. 0 units high so set at 10 pt the letter H will be 8 pt high This explains why point size of typeset text is not really related to any graphic element of the typeface and why different typefaces appear visually larger or smaller when typeset at the same point size If you would like to make your letter H to appear visually larger when set at a specific point size you need to increase the ratio of the size of the letter in units to the UPM size With the letter H being 700 units high and the font having the UPM size of 1 000 the ratiois 700 1 000 0 7 0r 70 To increase this ratio you have two possibilities you can either increase the size of the letter H in units i e rescale the glyph or you can reduce the UPM size without rescaling the glyphs The visual effect will be identical Let s say you wish to visually increase your letterforms so the letter H is 8 pt high rather than 7 pt when the font size is 10 pt Your desired ratio of the height of the letter H to the UPM size will be 0 8 So you can either increase the size of the letter H so it is 800 units high and keep the UPM size of 1 000 or you can keep the height of the letter H at 700 units but reduce the UPM size to 875 since 800 1 000 POOP STS Font units are integer numbers this means that an outline point a node can have the x coordinate of 334 or 335 but not 334 5 or 334 This means that unlike B zier dr
77. Add Tangent 145 177 Brush 188 Contour 187 Draw 145 175 Edit 145 Ellipse 184 193 Eraser 145 172 Knife 145 171 Line 191 Magic Wand 145 196 Meter 144 Pen 187 Poligon 192 Rectangle 184 193 Text 194 VectorPaint 184 Transform 201 Transformation Panel 49 202 TransType 11 25 79 TrueType 11 64 66 76 293 316 321 322 autohinting 72 curves 156 178 213 216 export options 71 TTF 76 346 Type 1 64 68 76 97 236 258 293 316 322 curves 156 178 213 216 Encoding Tables 99 generating 68 TypeTool 79 TypeTool Options 77 99 162 226 232 TypeTool User Interface 55 TypeTool Windows 31 Typo Ascender 327 Typo Descender 327 Typo Line Gap 327 U Underline 276 325 Unicode 73 92 330 codepoint 94 Consortium 92 duplicating 120 generate 127 index 39 64 125 127 indexes 102 remove 128 Standard 92 Unicode mode 96 102 Unique ID 322 Units of Measurement 324 UPM 66 150 324 349 user interface 19 31 Using the Free Transform Operation 228 V vector 22 VectorPaint 144 184 190 Brush 188 Contour 187 Ellipse 193 Line 191 Polygon 192 Rectangle 193 Select 186 Text 194 VectorPaint Mode 144 184 Vendor Code 322 Vertical Metrics 234 254 325 327 VFB 76 113 Visual Ascender 61 143 Visual Descender 61 143 W Western Roman 99 wheel 140 WinAscent 327 WinDescent 327 Windows 11 38 79 327 348 355 Windows List 133 X x
78. LAB TypeTool BASIC FONT EDITOR FOR FAST AND EASY FONT CREATION CONVERSION AND MODIFICATION USER S MANUAL FOR MAC OS X TypeTool 3 for Macintosh User Manual TypeTool 3 0 user manual edition 3 0 28 02 2007 Copyright 1992 2007 by Fontlab Ltd All rights reserved Editors Sasha Petrov Adam Twardoch Ted Harrison Yuri Yarmola Cover illustration Pawet Jonca pejot com No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without the prior written consent of the publisher Any software referred to herein is furnished under license and may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of such license AsiaFont Studio BitFonter CompoCompiler FONmaker FogLamp FontFlasher FontLab ScanFont SigMaker TransType TypeTool FontAudit VectorPaint and the FontLab logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Fontlab Ltd in the United States and or other countries Apple the Apple Logo Mac Mac OS Macintosh and TrueType are trademarks of Apple Computer Inc registered in the United States and other countries Adobe PostScript Photoshop Type Manager Illustrator Macromedia Fontographer Flash and Freehand are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated which may be registered in certain jurisdictions OpenType Windows Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows XP and Windows NT a
79. Map toolbar Click on it and you will see the Font Map rearrange to represent your font with the applied double byte codepage In this mode every row represents 256 glyphs that are assigned to the specific first byte In the following image you can see a Traditional Chinese font in Unicode mode in the left image and in Codepage 950 mode right Unicode mode Codepage 950 In the codepage mode green pixels represent codes in the codepage that are covered by one of the glyphs in the font Cyan pixels mean codes in the codepage that are not covered by any glyphs in the font 131 Working with Multiple Fonts In TypeTool you can open many fonts at once Since every font has its own Font window sometimes the TypeTool workspace becomes so crowded with windows that finding a particular font is not easy This section will explain how to use TypeTool tools that are specially designed to help you manage many open fonts simultaneously To open many fonts you can use the standard File gt Open command then select many font files using COMMAND and Suirt click on in the File Open dialog box You can also select font files in Finder and drag them onto the TypeTool icon all of them will be opened When you open 15 fonts the TypeTool window might look like this a ete fe an vies Comer Cheek The mite 4 amp maybe Lena l aes os G A DE ij i ida bami i k ii ia A mr YPer T E E i ay Baad Ei i De cE LE rast
80. Metrics information is transformed includes automatic metrics generation The actions in the Actions dialog can be applied to entire glyphs only not to parts of glyphs If you wish to scale rotate or mirror a selected portion of a glyph rather than the entire glyph please use the Transformation panel Windows menu or the Free Transform operation context menu of an outline selection 299 300 Contour Transformation Here is a list of all the outline transformation actions Shift Shifts the glyph s outline Mirror Mirrors the glyph vertically or horizontally Scale Scales the glyph proportionally or non proportionally Rotate Rotates the glyph Slant Slants the glyph Contour Direction Sets thedirection of contours to PostScript or TrueType or reverses all contours Shift Current action Shift glyph Horizontal shift 0 Vertical shift 0 Shift the Mask layer This action shifts the outline of the glyph in the vertical and or horizontal direction Here is a sample of a font with some glyphs shifted in the vertical direction You can also shift glyphs in the vertical direction in the metrics mode of the Metrics window hold down the Suirr key and drag the glyph Use the Shift the Mask Layer control to shift the mask layer together with the outline or to leave it untouched Mirror Current action Mirror transformation Horizontal mirror _ Vertical mirror Mirror metrics Here is the result of
81. OS 347 348 Windows Type 1 Also known as Windows PostScript PC PostScript PC Type 1 File extension pfb with supplementary files afm inf pfm Pros Works on Windows and Linux Works in all PostScript commercial output and printing devices Uses the same curve system B zier as drawing applications such as Illustrator and Freehand so letterforms are easy to edit when converted to curves Type 1 hinting is comparatively easy to create Cons Does not work on Mac OS 9 or X not cross platform Contains two parts the outline file pfb and the metrics font pfm both of which must be in the same folder Does not contain class kerning so kerning tables are large Type 1 hinting does not allow precise control for very small screen sizes Cannot include more than 256 encoded characters and lacks advanced layout features such as ligatures making the format unsuitable for multilingual or non Latin fonts Cannot contain bitmaps for small screen sizes Does not contain embedding rights information One family cannot contain more than four styles Recommendation Draw fonts with B ziers as Type 1 When complete make a duplicate TypeTool master vfb file and make TT conversions to it Generate either a TrueType OpenType TT or an OpenType PS font for the newest systems Windows and Mac OS X Before You Generate Before you generate your font make sure the most relevant aspects of the font are complete Open all fonts that bel
82. PM font set at 10 pt is physically identical to a 70 0 units high H in a1 200 UPM font set at 12 pt and is also identical to a 1 792 units high H in a 2 048 UPM font set at 8 pt 151 152 Another relevant font parameter that should not be confused with UPM size is the font height The font height is measured in font units and is used to determine the default linespacing of text set in a font The font height is the distance between the font s most imporant vertical font metrics the Ascender line and the Descender line Both lines are defined by the type designer The Ascender line is typically equivalent to the height of tall lowercase letters such as b and the Descender line is typically equivalent to the depth of lowercase letters that extend below the baseline such as p However the Ascender and Descender lines do not have to be precisely identical with the size of those letters To ensure equal linespacing when changing fonts within a font family the Ascender and Descender lines should be equal across all fonts in the family even though bolder styles typically have slightly shorter lowercase letters than lighter styles A font may contain glyphs that can extend above the Ascender line or below the Descender line such as the integral sign However such extra tall glyphs may be clipped when they are displayed on screen in some applications or printed on some printers Type 1 fonts have only one Ascen
83. T it will appear as MyFont Western and MyFont Cyrillic Type 1 Character Set Type 1 fonts do not have such extensive support for multiple codepages The glyph names they use to identify glyphs are mapped to codes through the encoding vector There is one parameter that is used to tell Adobe Type Manager used to support Type 1 fonts in Windows how to interpret the encoding vector This is the Microsoft Character set Some of the values for Microsoft Character set ANSI The Font has all the glyphs necessary to represent the standard Windows Latin 1 character set No reencoding is necessary Symbol The font is symbolic dingbats with a custom encoding vector It should appear as Symbol in Windows applications and the font s own encoding vector should be used to access glyphs ShiftJIS This is a J apanese font that includes Kanji glyphs OEM The font has MS DOS glyphs This setting is rarely used in Type 1 fonts Bitstream This is anormal text font but it has its own encoding that should be used to access glyphs This setting is highly recommended for all text fonts with a non standard encoding vector Arabic The font has Arabic encoding Other values cover more codepages that may be supported by the font Choose the codepage that is the default for your font 331 Printing and Proofing Fonts TypeTool 3 0 has several new tools for visual proofing and printing of your fonts Several new printing modes allow you to print
84. Tool will always generate a custom encoding even for custom encoding Western Roman fonts with the encoding currently selected in the Font window Names mode Note Western Roman Type 1 fonts generated with custom encoding may not work as expected Always write Always generates the font with the Standard Encoding Standard Encoding regardless of what is selected in the Font window Names mode Export Unicode Exports a custom encoding based on the currently selected codepage if codepage codepage if the Font window is in Codepages mode mode is active We recommend setting the Select encoding automatically option as the default because it covers most exporting situations very well Export only encoded When enabled all glyphs that are outside of the encoded glyphs yellow area will not be included in the generated font Tip This can be used to quickly generate a series of Type 1 fonts from a large multilingual vfb file that includes an extensive character set Generating OpenType amp TrueType These settings control some technical parameters of fonts that you generate in the TrueType OpenType TT tt or OpenType PS otf format Generating OpenType PS5 OpenType TT and TrueType _ Automatically reorder glyphs _ Write stored custom TrueType OpenType tables Automatically If this option is enabled TypeTool will try to reorder glyphs to reorder glyphs match the Mac cmap encoding table Technically this
85. a collection of all glyphs contained in this particular font Typically one glyph is a graphical representation of one character However the same font can include several glyphs that are different graphical representations of one and the same character ttt Also one glyph can represent several characters for example in a ligature Characters are the abstract conceptual components of a text while glyphs are the particular visual components of a text fixed in some form In addition to the visual appearance the glyph image a glyph also has some digital representation A glyph can be represented by a bitmap capable of reproducing the glyph image only in one specific size More commonly a glyph consists of outlines that are scalable so that they can reproduce the glyph image in any size Font A typeface is a particular artwork of an alphabet a set of glyphs that are designed with a common graphic idea in mind A font is a digital file or a few files that holds a digital representation of a typeface A font contains an organized collection of glyphs along with some additional information that defines the spatial relations between the glyphs metrics and kerning as well as some central parameters such as names copyright information linespacing values etc font header 21 22 Encoding When the user presses a key or a combination of keys on a keyboard a numerical code is stored in the computer s memory This cod
86. aad If this option is checked TypeTool will write a font suitcase as data fork based file supported by Mac OS X only Leave this option unchecked if you want your font to be compatible with Classic Mac OS 359 360 Other font exporting options are available in the Preferences dialog box that appears when you click on the Options button at the bottom of the Save Mac Suitcase dialog box After you finished managing suitcases in the list click on the OK button and select the destination for the fonts in the standard Save File dialog Name the suitcase file if needed and click on the Save button to generate fonts Macintosh Family Info To view and edit the font family information select the suitcase in the list button The FOND Info dialog box appears and click on the FOND Info FOND name FreeFontPra FOND ID 2583 Script Roman H Ascent 725 Fixed width font Descent 751 _ Don t use family fractional widths Leidi T Use integer extra width eading 3 M ignore FractEnable Don t adjust characters spacing Max Width 12700 Ki Font name needs coordinating i Font family creates the outline style by changing Paintlype Mi Font family disallows simulating the outline style Mi Font family does not allow simulation of the bold style _ Font family simulates the bold style by increasing point size Mi Font family disallows simulating the italic sty
87. al character codes that correspond to some of the glyphs An encoding table performs one of two functions it serves as a Type 1 encoding table that is used to determine the character encoding in Type 1 fonts or it can serve as a glyph arrangement table The latter is used by type designers to visually arrange glyphs in the design stage usually of an OpenType font and is not directly used as the source of the font s encoding as OpenType fonts are based on Unicode Since an encoding table is based on glyph names it can reference both encoded glyphs i e those with at least one Unicode codepoint assigned and unencoded glyphs those without Unicode codepoints Codepages mode This mode lists codepages Each codepage is a mapping of local character codes to Unicode codepoints The codepage can use one or two byte local character codes Two byte codepages are used to reference characters in Far East fonts Chinese J apanese Korean or Traditional Vietnamese A codepage selected in the Codepages mode can be used as the source of encoding of a Type 1 font or as the source of encoding of a Mac TrueType mapping table but generally the selection does not influence the encoding of an OpenType or TrueType font A codepage can only reference encoded glyphs i e those with at least one Unicode codepoint assigned Names Mode To switch the Font window to the Names mode click on the button on the Font Window command bar to
88. all contours of the glyph Converts all Type 1 3 order curves to TrueType 2 4 order curves Converts all TrueType 2 order curves to Type 1 3 order curves Analyses an outline and fixes the types of connections between outline segments lines and curves Automatically joins all broken contours in a glyph This command may not work if the nodes that should be connected are not close enough to each other Closes all open contours in a glyph creating a straight segment between first and last nodes Automatically inserts nodes at the extreme points of curves We highly recommend that all curves have nodes at their extreme points Move all nodes on to guidelines hints or grid if they are sufficiently close to them This command will snap nodes only to the guiding layers that are currently visible 213 Most of these commands can be applied to many glyphs at a time if you select a number of glyphs in the Font Window Commands marked with the sign in the Contour menu are tools and were not included in the table above 214 Merging and Intersecting Contours With the Merge Contours and Get Intersection commands which are available in the Contour gt Transform menu you can perform very interesting operations on contours All two operations are applied to contours that have at least one node selected or to the whole glyph outline if nothing is selected The Merge Contours command combines contours removing a
89. all selected glyphs 296 To choose an action to run use the list of actions Select an action Contour p Hints and Guidelines gt Metrics Expand one of the categories to see all the actions lt Contour Mirror H Contour direction T1 Rotate 15 00 CW Z Scale 80 00 100 00 HMZ Shift 0 0 Slant 12 00 R Z Some action names are followed by their parameters in brackets Select an action and you will see a parameter panel appear below the list Current action Rotate glyph Rotation angle 15 fe Clockwise Counterclockwise Rotate around Origin point 0 0 Rotation center The contents of the parameter panel depend on the action selected 297 298 After you select an action and set its options click on the OK button to run the action If you are applying the action to a lot of glyphs a warning message will appear telling you how many glyphs you will modify and asking you for confirmation Action applied to many glyphs is not undoable so it is a good idea to save your font before running this action You can repeat the last action by choosing the Tools gt Repeat Action command or by clicking on the button in the Transformation panel Below you will find a detailed description of each available action Actions There are three groups of actions Contour The outline of a glyph is transformed Hints and Actions that are concerned with hints and links Guidelines Metrics
90. and from the Glyph menu You will see the warning dialog box Click on Yes to completely re generate Unicode codepoints for all the glyphs Then TypeTool will 1 Remove all Unicode 2 Search the name Unicode database for each glyph s name 3 Ifthe name is in the database it adds the Unicode codepoint linked with this name to the glyph s list of Unicode codepoints 4 Because the database may link more than one Unicode codepoint with a name steps 2 and 3 are processed whenever a glyph s name is found in the database Structure of the Name Unicode Database The database that links Unicode codepoints and glyph names is nothing more than a text file standard nam or agl nam located in the shared default data folder Mapping folder that has the following structure FONTLAB NAMETABLE Database_name 0x0000 notdef 0x0002 nonmarkingreturn 0x0020 visiblespace 0x0020 space The first line of this file is a signature that is used to show that this file is a properly defined database file This line may contain the database name like in agl nam FONTLAB NAMETABLE Adobe Glyph List The lines that follow the signature have a very simple structure lt Unicode codepoint gt lt name gt The Unicode codepoint may be in decimal or hex started with 0x form The name should not have any spaces Names are case sensitive One Unicode codepoint may be linked with more than one name and several Unicode codepoints may be lin
91. ange a glyph s name enter a new name in the Name field If this glyph has a properly assigned Unicode codepoint and you want to find the name mapped to that index in TypeTool s database press the Auto button to the right of the edit field and TypeTool will fill in the Name field for you 125 126 If the option Replace existing glyphs with the same name or Unicode index option is not checked then if you enter a name that is already assigned to one of the font s glyphs the OK button will be disabled and you will not be able to assign that name Switch the option on to allow TypeTool to replace glyphs Use the next option to control how TypeTool does the replacement Use the Unicode edit field to change a glyph s Unicode codepoints You may enter more than one Unicode codepoint separated by a space Use the Auto button to find the Unicode codepoints mapped to a glyph s name in TypeTool s database Press the OK button to assign a new name to the glyph You will see that the glyph moves to a new place in the Font window depending on the currently selected encoding vector or codepage If you want to rename more glyphs press the Rename Next Glyph button A new name will be assigned to the current glyph as if you had pressed the OK button and data from the next glyph will appear for editing Generating Unicode codepoints To automatically generate Unicode codepoints for all the glyphs in the font select the Generate Unicode comm
92. arameters are shown on the status bar To remove a hint 1 1 Start editing the hint 1 2 While holding down the left mouse button click the right mouse button 2 1 Position the cursor on the hint and Crri click the mouse button 2 2 Select the Delete command from the menu 238 Hint Popup Menu To open the hint context menu right click one of the hint lines The Hint context menu includes the following commands Reverse Reverses the direction of the hint Delete Removes the hint Properties Opens the hint property panel Hint Commands The Tools gt Hints amp Guides menu contains several commands related to hints Remove Hints Removes vertical or horizontal or all hints and links This command is duplicated in the rulers context menu Autohinting Automatically generates hints for the current glyph Hint Properties Panel To open the hint properties panel Crri click on one of the hint lines and choose the Properties command in the context menu oO Hint Properties Horizontal hint Position E ja el ae Width 32 In the hint property panel you can modify the position of a hint in the upper edit box and modify the width of the hint in the lower box Press the ENTER key or click on the mouse outside of the properties panel to apply the changes 239 240 Working with Composite Glyphs Composite glyphs are glyphs made up of two or more components like a letter plus an accent One or more of the c
93. awings in Illustrator or Freehand glyph drawings in fonts have a finite precision Ina 1 000 UPM font some extremely thin hairlines or extremely precise details cannot be accurately represented The UPM size of 1 000 has been generally accepted as one that offers the best compromise between detail fidelity and memory space efficiency Practically all Type 1 fonts use the UPM size of 1 000 However other UPM sizes are permitted For example some font vendors produce OpenType TT fonts with the UPM size of 2 048 while others use 1 000 Most OpenType PS fonts use the UPM size of 1 000 though there are a few that use different UPM sizes To increase the precision of your drawings you may choose a higher UPM size such as 1 500 2 000 2 048 3 000 or 4 000 or even 1 877 The maximum UPM size permitted by the OpenType and TrueType specifications is 16 384 and TypeTool currently has an internal implementation limit for glyph coordinates of 32 767 However Adobe specifications require that glyph coordinates and advance widths must not exceed 4 095 in either x and y directions regardless of the UPM size Note that since the UPM size does not relate to any physical drawing in the font it is actually impossible to precisely measure the point size of printed text While you can use a ruler to measure the width or height of some letters there is no way to reliably tell the point size that was used because a 700 units high H ina 1 000 U
94. be designed in all members of the family this way you will not miss an important glyph For example if your font contains several glyphs representing the A character like A smcp for use with the small caps feature A titl for use with the titling alternates feature A swsh for use with the swash feature A subs for use with the subscript feature it could be a good idea to have them appear close to each other in the Font Window az a i a5 IE A Glyph Definition Encoding sz p Ati Aswsh Asubs e Jo wm ajal You can easily build a glyph arrangement table yourself this is explained in the next section Remember that if you choose any glyph arrangement table in the Names mode the glyphs will be displayed in TypeTool in the order that you specified but the physical arrangement sequence of the glyphs in the font is still determined by the glyph indexes Also remember that when you create OpenType or TrueType fonts the encoding table in the Names mode serves as a glyph arrangement table and not as a source of encoding Normally OpenType and TrueType are based on Unicode so the Unicode codepoints that you assign to each glyph are the source of the character encoding To make sure the encoding of your OpenType or TrueType font is correct switch to the Codepages mode You can automatically assign Unicode codepoints to your glyphs by using Glyph gt Generate Unicode When you ac
95. bo box that allows you to change the encoding table of the current font fa Imported Imported T We will talk about encodings later but you could choose a couple different ones from the combo box and see how the Font window changes At the right of the encoding list there are two buttons that allow a choice of encoding modes Any glyph in the font may be identified by a name or Unicode codepoint a detailed description of this follows Two buttons in the command bar in the top position allow you to choose one of two modes Names or Codepages wane EE Pra In the bottom position there is a combo box that you can use to choose the mode Names Codepages That is all about the Font window for now so let s open the Glyph window 41 42 Glyph Window To open a Glyph window for editing individual glyphs you need to create one Remember that we started with a new font that does not have any glyphs To create a glyph double click on any cell in the Font window The gray cell which indicated that there was no glyph defined empty glyph cell has been replaced by a white cell which represents a glyph that is defined but contains no image blank glyph When you draw or paste something into it the white cell will show a small image of the glyph After a blank glyph is created we are ready to open the Glyph window Select the glyph cell click on it with the left mouse button and double click on it to
96. by diagonal crosses You can use the Knife tool to cut out part of the contour an 1 Activate the Knife tool 2 Hold down the left mouse button and drag the cursor to define the cutting line 3 Release the left mouse button Note that you can only cut part of a single contour like in the sample image above To join two contours you need to move the starting or ending node of one contour to the starting or ending node of another contour Hold down the Option key to prevent the contours from joining 179 Node Commands If you right click or Crrui click on a node you will see a context menu with many useful commands Cancel Make Node First Convert PS TT Delete Node Retract BCPS Reverse Contour Delete Contour Subtract Contour Select Contour Break Contour Connection Properties Below is a description of all the commands in this menu Make node first Starts the current contour from the selected node i e makes it the startpoint This command is useful when you need to join contours since you can only connect starting and finishing nodes Convert PS TT Cycles the node type from line to B zier curve to TrueType curve Delete node Removes the node Retract BCPs Removes the control vectors of the node making it sharp Break contour Breaks the contour at the selected node Make corner Makes a 90 degree corner this operation is not always available Fixed BCP Makes
97. c Creation year 2003 a Copyright Trademark FreefontPro is a trademark of FontLab Ltd Ing P Build Copyright and Trademark records Notice Description On the Font copyright page you can enter information about the creators of the font If you have created a new font you should enter your copyright notice here If you have edited an existing font that was not your creation you must not remove the information contained on this page or you may violate copyright laws Created by Creation year Copyright Trademark Build Copyright and Trademark Records Notice Name of the company or person that created the font If you are creating a new font enter your name or the name of your company here Year when the font was created This is used by TypeTool to automatically fill in the Copyright field and is exported in TrueType fonts as the Creation year entry Copyright message Must include the sign or the word Copyright the name of the company or person that owns the copyright and the copyright year In Type 1 fonts this information is stored in the Notice entry and in TrueType fonts in the Copyright entry Font trademark used to save font s trademark notice Press this button to create the standard Copyright record based on the Created By and Creation Year fields Additional information that you want to include in Font Info Exported in Type 1 fonts as the Copyright entry and in TrueType fonts as th
98. culates the total width of all the glyphs in a paragraph It then adjusts the widths of the space glyphs that separate the words and tries to put as many glyphs as possible into one line The information about the words that are used to make a paragraph and the information about the width of the individual glyphs is the only information necessary To determine distances between lines the application uses information common to all glyphs in the font such as the length of ascenders and descenders and a suggested line gap and places the lines of text on the page using these distances This information about horizontal and vertical spacing is what is known as font metrics All font and glyph metrics are expressed in font units the same units that are used to measure node coordinates and settings such as UPM size There are four principal types of metric information in fonts 1 Vertical font metrics also known as font family metrics metric values common for the entire font and often shared across a family used to determine the linespacing This includes baseline the ascender and descender lines the caps height the x height and the line gap These are discussed in the Font Header on page 307 chapter and the Vertical Metrics on page 234 section of the Glyph Window on page 135 chapter 2 Horizontal glyph metrics usually referred to as glyph metrics or just metrics metric values of individual glyphs that are us
99. d applications and applications from registered Fontlab Ltd developer partners should place their files there This is to rule out conflicts between the user s customized files and default files Shared user data folder typically Macintosh HD Users Your Username Library Application Support FontLab This folder has exactly the same structure as the folder discussed above and can store any files customized by the user Any file placed in the respective location within that folder will override the corresponding file placed in the shared Fontlab Ltd Please put your customized files in this folder The location of the folder can be modified in Preferences gt General Options gt Folders and paths wi Use custom locations for user data files User data files for all FontLab products fUsers ffontlab Documents fFL W 25 26 Application default data folder typically Macintosh HD Library Application Support FontLab TypeTool3 This folder holds files that are only used by TypeTool In each respective subfolder metrics kerning and other text strings additional encodings as well as samples are stored Only Fontlab Ltd applications and applications from registered Fontlab Ltd developer partners should place their files there This is to rule out conflicts between the user s customized files and default files Application user data folder typically Macintosh HD Users Your Username Library Application Support
100. d Tangent l 8 B zier Drawing Tool to draw the contour with the B zier curves E Rotate Tools to quickly transform outlines Faq Scale E Slant z Temporary Activating the Edit Tool To temporary activate the Edit tool while you are using any other tool press and hold down the Comman key 146 Snap to Distance In the following sections we will discuss how to use the Edit tools to modify the outline and other editing layers All other tools will be explicitly named When you need to select a node or any other object on any of the layers you need to click on it with the mouse You do not need to click on the object precisely but you must be within a certain distance which is called the snap to distance Snap to zone around a node Snap to is used when you select an object for which the feature is allowed By default the snap to distance is set to 3 screen pixels but you can change it on the Glyph Window gt Dimensions page of the Preferences dialog box Snap to distance 3 147 148 Editing Layers In TypeTool every glyph contains several editing layers Some of them are used when the font is exported others are TypeTool only and are used to help you work with the glyph Below is the list of all the layers that you can see in the Glyph Window Later we will describe them in full detail Outline Main layer containing the glyph s outline Grid Regular grid which hel
101. d Unicode Type 1 Character Set PRINTING AND PROOFING FONTS Printing Printing Font Table Printing Font Sample Printing Glyph Sample Quick Test GENERATING FONTS Relevant Font Formats OpenType PS Macintosh TrueType Windows TrueType OpenType TT Macintosh Type 1 Windows Type 1 Before You Generate Font Info Character Set 296 299 300 306 333 334 335 339 341 343 344 344 345 346 347 348 349 349 351 Glyphs Hints Kerning Options for Converting Fonts Generating for Windows Mac Generating for Mac Font Suitcases Building Font Suitcases OPENTYPE FONTS Font Features OpenType Font Formats What Format to Prefer OpenType and TypeTool Importing OpenType Fonts Generating OpenType Fonts INDEX 352 352 352 353 355 356 356 357 363 364 367 368 369 370 371 373 Introduction In 1975 at the ATypI conference in Warsaw Peter Karow from the Hamburg based company URW introduced Ikarus the world s first digital type design system that worked with outline fonts In 1985 Adobe Systems created PostScript and the Type 1 font format which both became standards in publishing In the same year the Texas based company Altsys created Fontographer two years before Adobe Illustrator and three years before Freehand the first B zier drawing program for Macintosh computers was a font editor The program became an instant success and greatly contributed to the proces
102. d by pressing on their buttons in the Tools toolbar or by selecting a command in the Contour and Tools menus When an operation is activated one or more handles appear depending on the operation After you make changes double click to accept them you can also press the RETURN Or ENTER key on the keyboard or press the Esc key to reject the changes When the operation is completed the tool that was selected before will be activated again As with all permanent tools you can use the zoom selection tool quick zoom keys and all the other viewing options of the Glyph Window while you are working with the operations tool Here is a list of all available operations t Free Transform Scales rotates or skews the selected portion of the Contour gt Transform gt outline or the whole glyph Free Transform on Free Transform page 205 Position Background Sets the size and position of the bitmap background Tools gt Background gt layer Background Positioning on page 227 Move and Scale Metrics The Metric data of a glyph includes information about the horizontal and vertical width Glyphs have an origin point a baseline an advance width or character width sidebearings and left and right margins e Character width gt Va Right margin Baseline Left sidebearing Right sidebearing Zero or origin point The baseline is used to align glyphs in a series The left and right margins are used to define th
103. d glyph advance widths Font Header Perhaps the most important information you need to define for a font is its header or font info data This information is mainly used to properly register the font in the operating system and in any program that uses it It is very important to carefully define all font parameters Even the best designed font is useless if it cannot be installed TypeTool 3 Font Info Dialog Box The control center where you define font parameters is called the Font Info Dialog box and is accessible from the File menu Font Info or with the button on any Font window ow Mamet oad Copyright Copyright wetah Designer ormnanen So Veriion and idemificanese Behe CaO ritigs Bets and Chitin ey 2imbeons True Tye 5 cite eres Enteding and Unicode P Build Names E MyFomscom 308 At the left there is a page selection control where you can choose one of the sections in order to edit part of the Font Info information v Names and Copyright Copyright information Designer information License information Version and Identification Identification settings Metrics and Dimensions Key dimensions TrueType specific metrics Encoding and Unicode When you select one of the pages it immediately appears to the right of the list Basic set of font names m m Family Name FLCaslon Weight Normal te 400 Fant is italic B Font is bold Width Merma
104. der and one Descender line TrueType and OpenType fonts have three different Ascender lines and three different Descender lines so setting these values must be done with care this will be described later Reference Points By default all coordinates are measured relative to the zero point of the glyph This is located at intersection of the baseline and the left sidebearing line Reference point Zero point As an alternative distances may be measured relative to the reference point which may be positioned by the Edit tool to any point in the glyph Space Often a reference point is very useful when you are working on a symmetrical shape To set the precise position of the reference point Commanp click on it You will see the reference point properties dialog box and will be able to enter the horizontal and vertical position of the reference point By default the reference point is located on the position of the zero point 153 154 Contours The most important and most complex information in a font is the glyph s Shape All glyphs are defined as a series of contours All contours consist of a series of segments straight lines and curves Nodes i e outline points define all segments Open and Closed Contours Contours may be open or closed rg 5 E 4 A J aa FE All known font formats require contours to be closed but during outline editing it may be useful to have some contours in a
105. des Nodes may be colored or black white Show node position One node may be selected as the current node It will be highlighted and its position will appear on screen 446 211 To deselect the node click anywhere in the empty space of the editing field or press the Esc key Smooth outline Allows one to select between standard and smoothed rendering of the outline Leave echo while When editing contours the original contours shape position editing is shown gray aY 163 164 Moving Nodes The most important editing operation is the modification of the contours that build each glyph You can modify contours in three ways moving nodes editing segments using non node editing and selecting several nodes and moving them together To move individual nodes 1 If nodes are hidden make the node that you want to edit visible switch nodes on with the View gt Show Layers gt Nodes command or click on near the node to make it visible If you missed and an incorrect node is highlighted press the PAGE Down and Pace UP keys to move to the correct node 446 211 Drag the node to the new place It will stick to the objects in other layers if they are visible and snap to those layers was activated View gt Snap to Layers menu Hold down the Sutrt key to constrain the direction of the node s movement in 45 degree increments and to snap the cursor to the original node s position Options If you are movi
106. des by moving out of the window Appearance W Small nodes Wi Black white nodes W Show node position lt Outline drawing Wi Smooth outline W Leave echo while editing w Advanced Align to all contour points if snap to contour is on Editing behavior Show crosshair If enabled a crosshair cursor is shown whenever the user cursor moves any nodes Remove hints and When enabled the user can remove hints and guidelines by guides by moving movingthem out of the window out of the window Appearance options Small nodes Nodes may be small or large Co T Black white nodes When disabled node symbols are displayed using color as in FontLab 3 x When enabled node symbols are displayed using color as in Fontographer OO 59 60 Show node position One node may be selected as the current node It will be highlighted and its position will appear on screen 446 211 To deselect the node click anywhere in the empty space of the editing field or click on the Esc key Outline drawing options Smooth outline Allows one to select between non anti aliased and anti aliased rendering of the outline ye me f Leave echo while When editing contours the original contours shape position is editing shown gray Advanced options Align to all contour When disabled View gt Snap to Layers gt Outline makes points if snap to nodes snap only to other nodes When enabled the nodes contour is on snap to
107. e 1 font choose Contour gt Convert gt Curves to PostScript if it is enabled Choose Contour gt Paths gt Set PS Direction If you are making an OpenType TT choose Contour gt Convert gt Curves to TrueType if it is enabled Choose Contour gt Paths gt Set TT Direction Hints If you are making an OpenType PS or Type 1 font choose Tools gt Hints amp Guides gt Autohinting You can now review your hinting manually or leave it as is TypeTool will take care of the rest as good as it can Kerning Open the Metrics Window and review your kerning Options for Converting Fonts We recommend selecting different options for converting fonts between different formats In addition to the font generating options we also suggest particular opening options that will produce the best results in specific situations Source Destination Truelype TrueType OT TT OT TT TrueType Type 1 OT TT Truelype OT PS OT TT OT PS Type 1 OT PS OT PS OT PS TrueType OT TT Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 OT PS Type 1 TrueType OT TT Opening options Do not convert curves do not scale to 1000 do not decompose do not autohint store custom tables store native hinting Convert curves scale to 1000 do autohint do not decompose Convert curves scale to 1000 do autohint do not decompose store custom tables Do not decompose Do not decompose store Generating options All hinting options
108. e Description entry Designer Information Designer Somebody at Fontlab Designer URL http www fontlab com Vendor URL http www fontlab com This page stores information about the font s designer Do not modify this data if you open an existing font to modify for personal use Designer Name of font designer Designer URL A new entry implemented only in TrueType format It is the WWW link to the designer of the font Vendor URL This TrueType only entry shows the WWW link to the site of the font vendor Use the buttons to the right of the Designer URL and Vendor URL controls to open pages in a Web browser window This requires an Internet connection 319 License Information License NOTIFICATION OF LICENSE AGREEMENT This typeface is the property of Monotype Typography and its use by you Is covered under the terms of a license agreement You have obtained this typeface software either directly from Monotype or together with software distributed by one of Monotype s licensees This software is a valuable asset of Monotype Unless you have License URL http www agfgamonotype com html type license html J License and License URL records are relatively new and have appeared only in OpenType specification version 1 3 License License description contains information about how the font can be used License URL URL where additional license information can be found Use the button
109. e added part will be selected so you can start to work with it immediately Clear Mask Clears the mask layer removing all its contents Swap Outline with Mask Exchanges the Outline layer and the Mask layer 233 234 Vertical Metrics Every font has several vertical font metrics for alignment of text Ascender Descender The Ascender line defines the position of the top of lowercase glyphs usually the topmost point of the Latin b The Descender line defines the position of the bottom of the lowercase glyphs usually the bottom point of p The Caps height defines the height of the uppercase glyphs without overshoot Usually it is the height of the H The x Height is the height of most lowercase glyphs like x or v In TypeTool you can modify the vertical metrics values in the Font Info dialog box but you can also preview and change them visually in the Glyph Window Make sure that the Vertical metrics layer is active and not locked In the Editing field vertical metrics appear as gray lines with a label at the left fa Ascender Ef Descender Caps height fa x Height To change a metric drag its line with the Edit tool or right click or CTRL click on the metric line to open its properties panel and enter a numeric value In TypeTool you can also define vertical glyph metrics the vertical advance width called vertical advance vector for Asian glyphs used to type in vertical di
110. e is that only those glyphs that can be used as component glyphs will appear Of course a glyph cannot be a component for itself A composite glyph can be used as a component glyph It is automatically converted to source components Another difference is that you can set the position by entering its X horizontal and Y vertical coordinates The component position is the distance between the composite zero point and the component s zero point To add a component you select the glyph you want to use as a component in this dialog box and press the OK button Another way to add a component is to drag it from the Font Window and drop it in the Glyph Window while the Comman key is pressed 241 242 Decomposing To decompose a composite glyph select the Decompose command from the Glyph menu or from the Glyph Window default context menu The outlines of all components will be scaled and shifted according to their settings and added to the composite glyph If the component glyphs had hints then these hints will also be added The link to the original component will be lost To decompose an individual component in a composite glyph right click on the component and select Decompose in the context menu Component Positioning To activate the component positioning operation activate the Edit tool and click on the component s outline Alternately if the current glyph is composite only so if does not have any normal out
111. e list on the left p General Options gt Font window b Glyph window Metrics window Opening Type 1 gt Opening OpenType amp TrueType Generating Type 1 gt Generating OpenType amp TrueType Expand one of the categories to see all the pages v General Options Open and Save Folders and paths EPS and bitmap background Select a page and you will see its contents appear at the right of the list EPS and bitmap background EPS import Keep size 1 EPS pt 1 UPM unit C Fit between Ascender and Descender E Fit between Ascender and Baseline Bitmap height for the Create Bitmap command 200 You can browse pages continuously by clicking on buttons Other buttons and their meaning are described in the table a l Import options Export options Reset options Apply Cancel OK Allows you to select a profile file that holds a particular configuration of all options and loads that profile You can create different profiles for different occasions and load them when needed for example separately for each format or foundry that you work with Exports current options to a profile file In a workgroup environment you can export a profile file and give it to your colleague who then can load it and generate fonts in the same environment When sending technical problem reports to Fontlab Ltd please always export your options into a profile file and attach that file with your report Reset
112. e positions of sequential glyphs in a series when the horizontal writing mode is selected In the vertical writing mode the left and right margins are used to horizontally align glyphs and the top margin is used to vertically align glyphs In TypeTool the position of the origin point is the position of the left margin in the horizontal direction and the position of the baseline in the vertical direction However you can modify the position of any of the four margins If you move the baseline or left margin line you will shift the entire glyph 229 230 Editing Metrics TypeTool has a special window for editing glyph metrics of course but you can make small adjustments right in the Glyph Window using the main edit tool Use the mouse and drag the left or right sidebearing or the baseline In TypeTool you can define vertical glyph metrics the vertical advance width called vertical advance vector for Asian glyphs used to type in vertical direction from top to bottom To define a vertical glyph advance vector hold down the Suirr key while moving the base line Baseline Properties Panel With this property panel you can adjust the position of the glyph s baseline To open it Crri click on the baseline and select the Properties command in the context menu or click on the baseline while holding down the ComMaNnp key on the keyboard a Baseline Properties Baseline position ae PSs a F Position 2 units F
113. e represents a character an abstract unit of writing A series of such codes forms a string of text Every keystroke stands for a different character so every character uses a different numerical code also called codepoint Operating systems and applications need to know which number represents what character otherwise a spelling checker couldn t recognize words that you re typing So each operating system and each application uses a list that maps characters to numerical codes This mapping is called text encoding In the past different computers used different text encoding standards so called codepages so that the letter A was stored as number 142 in one program and as number 128 in another program Modern operating systems and applications encode text using the international Unicode Standard which assigns a unique numerical codepoint to every character used in writing by humankind In Unicode A always uses the code U 00C4 which is hexadecimal for 196 Whenever the text is printed or displayed on the screen the computer looks inside the font file and finds out which character codes correspond to which glyphs so that the series of abstract character codes can be visualized using some specific images of letters digits and other symbols Every font includes a mapping of character codes to glyphs this mapping is called the font encoding sometimes encoding vector or in this manual just enc
114. e selected part of the outline to the mask layer To copy the selected part of the outline to the Mask layer use the Copy Outline to Mask command in the Tools gt Mask menu If nothing is selected in the outline layer the entire glyph outline will be copied You can customize colors of the Mask layer background and outlines on the Glyph Window gt Colors page of the Preferences dialog box described in the TypeTool Options on page 51 section Editing Mask To edit the mask layer with the usual editing tools you need to activate it with the Edit Mask command in the View gt Show Layers menu When the Mask layer is selected for editing the outline layer will be shown as a mask and may be filled if Fill Outline preview mode is active so you can use it as a reference The editing field changes its color to remind you are in the Mask layer Use any tool of the Edit mode to create edit or remove the nodes and contours of the Mask layer outline Re Activate the Outline layer when you are finished working on the mask You can switch to the Mask layer and back to the Outline layer simply by double clicking on contours of the mask and outline The editing field background color will change accordingly showing you whether you are in the mask editing mode or not Mask Operations All operations related to the Mask layer appear in the Tools gt Mask menu Paste Mask to Outline Adds the contents of the mask layer to the outline Th
115. e you an accurate presentation of the glyphs in context The process of letterspacing devising of glyph metrics and kerning should not be done for each individual glyph separately Inter glyph whitespace should be designed based on words and strings of text You can do this in the Metrics Window To modify glyph metrics switch the Metrics Window to the Metrics mode click on the Metrics Mode button in the Metrics Tools toolbar or select the Metrics command in mode selection menu on the bottom command area Preview Text Kerning You can also CrrL Click or right click on the editing area and select the Metrics Mode command in the context menu The easiest way to see the metrics of a glyph is to use the Property area mlas Gl en 26 Il ew B06 139 427 S06 104 106 hambu By default the Property area is empty To make the metrics editing controls visible click on a glyph in the editing field The metrics editing controls will appear and the sidebearings lines with editing handles will appear at the sides of the glyph The numbers at the bottom of the glyph are the left and right sidebearing values and the glyph s advance width Manual Metrics Editing To modify a glyph s metrics you can use several methods Drag the sidebearings lines Drag the glyph within the editing area Fdit the values in the property area of the Metrics Window 2 a Use the Metrics Panel To drag the sidebearings lines po
116. eTool may display various kinds of information The following ones represent important properties of glyphs that are all involved one way or the other in the character to g yph mapping process The glyph index represents the physical location of the glyph in the font s collection of glyphs The glyph with the index 0 is physically the first glyph in the font Some applications such as Adobe InDesign display the physical order of glyphs in a Glyph Palette so it is wise to keep control of the glyph order The glyphname is a short text identifier for the glyph For example the glyphname for the character a is a and for the character a is adieresis It is a good idea to assign meaningful glyph names to all glyphs in your font regardless of the font format They are mandatory in Type 1 Multiple Master and OpenType PS fonts Theoretically they can be omitted in TrueType or OpenType TT fonts it is a good idea to use them everywhere a In most situations TypeTool automatically assigns glyph names to glyphs when you create a new glyph so you do not need to worry about them too much However many user interface elements of TypeTool use glyph names as the primary way to refer to glyphs Therefore you should get used to thinking about glyphs in terms of glyph names The Unicode codepoint is a hexadecimal number associated with a glyph Hexadecimal short hex numbers are written using the digits 0 9 and the letters A F usually uppercase
117. ease note that the differences are minor and the most important thing to choose is the source format in which you have your fonts If you have Type 1 fonts it will be easier to convert them to OpenType PS OpenType and TypeTool Support of OpenType fonts in TypeTool is quite limited You cannot edit or create OpenType Layout tables in TypeTool OpenType support may be separated into two stages 1 Importing OpenType fonts and reading the binary OpenType tables TypeTool may store the original binary tables in the vfh file 2 OpenType fonts export At this stage the Adobe FDK for OpenType AFDKO library is used to build the OpenType font files If possible original binary OpenType tables are exported To edit imported or create and compile new OpenType Layout tables you will need FontLab Studio 5 http www fontlab com studio that is the bigger brother of TypeTool 369 370 Importing OpenType Fonts There is nothing special about importing OpenType fonts use the File gt Open command to open files with ttf extension OpenType TT fonts or otf extension OpenType PS fonts When reading OpenType fonts TypeTool stores original binary OpenType Layout tables they will be stored in your vfb file This is useful if you wish to make some changes to an existing OpenType font e g add or fix the design of some glyphs but you do not want to touch the OpenType Layout tables Remember that TypeTool cannot decompile OpenT
118. ed to a black image o White New contours are subtracted from existing contours aa simulating a white brush Here is an example of a brush stroke applied with Transparent Black and White colors qe Note VectorPaint tools have an option to automatically activate the Free Transform operation when any of the painting operations is completed This option allows you to instantly move scale rotate or slant the newly created shape Here is a list of all available VectorPaint tools with a short description of each Freehand Used to select non rectangular areas of a glyph It selects not the Select nodes like the Edit tool but actually cuts lines and curves and selects black areas that can be moved or otherwise transformed g Pen Used to create new contours or modify existing ones It is not really a paint tool because it deals with contours but it is a very natural and flexible tool used to adjust the result of the application of VectorPaint tools Brush Exactly that a brush It can be round or calligraphic A calligraphic brush can be of any size and slant angle IN Line Used to draw straight lines with a selected brush t Polygon Has two modes point by point polygon drawing with easy combination of straight segments and curves or point by point definition of a polygon that will be drawn by using the selected brush gt Ellipse Used to draw ellipses or circles Rectan
119. ed to compute line lengths This includes advance widths and sidebearings These are discussed in this chapter as well as in the Metrics on page 229 section of the Glyph Window on page 135 chapter 3 Kerning pair wise adjustment of horizontal glyph metrics 4 Vertical glyph metrics the vertical advance widths called vertical advance vector for Asian glyphs used to type in vertical direction from top to bottom These are discussed below This chapter discusses primarily the horizontal and vertical glyph metrics as well as kerning For vertical font metrics please consult the Font Header on page 307 chapter Horizontal Glyph Metrics Fach glyph in the font has a bounding box a rectangle positioned in a theoretical rectangular cell The most extreme nodes of the glyph determine the bounding box Each glyph usually also has sidebearings extra space to the left of bounding box left sidebearing LSB and to the right right sidebearing RSB The sum of the sidebearings and the bounding box width define the advance width often just called width The intersection of the baseline and the left sidebearing is called the zero point Horizontal x node coordinates to the right of the LSB line are positive and coordinates left of the LSB line are negative Similarly vertical y node coordinates above the baseline are positive and those below the baseline are negative When an application is laying
120. efault Pyrus Font creation date 4 24 2003 z TrueType Unique ID Record Type 1 Unique ID Record Type 1 XUID Numbers TrueType Vendor Code Use it as default 7 04 PM P Now This field is necessary to identify TrueType fonts Usually it includes the creator s name font family name and creation year The format of this field is freeform but we recommend that you use the button to fill this field automatically An integer number identifying the font Unique ID numbers must be registered with Adobe Systems However you may leave O in this field or enter a value from the users Unique ID zone 4000000 to 4999999 If you enter this value and plan to export Type 1 fonts be sure not to have more than one font with the same Unique ID value because that may cause a problem with PostScript printers or Adobe Type Manager software More advanced identification codes for Type 1 fonts This number is used only in PostScript Level 2 printers Please refer to Adobe documentation for more information concerning the XUID field An up to four letter length code that is assigned to most TrueType producers to identify their fonts An uppercase vendor code must be registered with Microsoft or Apple All registered Vendor codes known at the time of TypeTool s release are placed in the drop down list box If you want to identify yourself without registering you may enter a lowercase four letter vendor code Below the vendor se
121. elected area If nothing is selected the entire glyph will be subject to transformation Slant handle Rotate handle Center handle Scale handles So what do all these handles mean and how can they be used To move a selection 1 Position the mouse cursor somewhere inside the transformation rectangle but not on the center handle 2 Hold down the mouse button and drag the rectangle to its new place 3 Release the mouse button The selection will be moved 205 206 To scale or skew a Selection 1 Position the mouse cursor on one of the scale handles E 2 Hold down the mouse button and drag the mouse You will see that the transformation rectangle is scaled Hold down the Suirr key on the keyboard to constrain the scale proportionally 3 Release the button when you are done The selection will be modified To rotate a selection 1 Move the mouse cursor onto the rotation handle 2 Hold down the mouse button and drag the mouse The transformation rectangle will rotate around its center Hold down the Suirr key to constrain the rotation angle to 15 degree increments You can also use the rotation handle for slant press the Commanp key to alternate between rotate or slant 3 Release the button to accept the rotation To move the center of rotation drag the center handle by the mouse to its new position To slant a selection 1 Move the mouse cursor onto the slant handle 2 Hold down
122. er such glyphs are double encoded i e have more than one Unicode codepoint assigned Deleting such glyphs will not physically remove the glyphs instead it will remove the selected Unicode codepoint Searching for Glyphs Sometimes you need to find a particular glyph in your font especially in large fonts Select the Find command in the Edit menu or press COMMAND BACKSPACE On the keyboard You will see a dialog box Find Glyph Name ES begins with He i am Er I f Create unexisting glyph Cancel m To find a glyph 1 In the left top combo box select the method by which you want to search for the glyph Name Searches for the glyphname Code Searches for the decimal local character code of the glyph in the current encoding or codepage ANSI character Searches for the glyph that is mapped to one of the ANSI glyphs in the selected codepage or encoding Unicode Searches for glyphs with Unicode codepoint attributes given codepoint Width Searches for glyphs with the advance width in the selected range Bottom Top Searches for glyphs whose bottom or top line falls in the specified range 123 124 5 Components Searches for glyphs that have the specified number of components Glyph index Searches for glyphs with their index attributes given In the combo box to the right of the method select the comparison factor begins with equals to less than
123. er encoding methods the international Unicode Standard as well as legacy or specialty codepages and custom encodings Here s how it works A font is a collection of glyphs that are used to represent characters more about that in the following section On an average screen the Font Window can show just a few hundred glyph cells so we need to have some method to browse the font through the Font Window And on the other hand different font formats use different methods to encode characters In TypeTool you can choose one of two so called Encoding modes that allow you to select a subset of the glyph collection and show it in the top part of the Font Window for easier access Two buttons in the Font window top command bar or the Mode context menu in the bottom command bar are used for the encoding modes selection in TypeTool In the following sections you will find more information about encoding modes Unicode and name based identification and the character glyph model 89 90 Characters Codes and Glyphs A font is a collection of glyphs that usually have a common design In addition to storing each glyph a font has some header information that stores general information about the font such as the family name the style name the copyright string the ascender and descender values and others For more discussion about the font header information see the Font Header on page 307 chapter Simply speaking text in di
124. erating system They are binary files and cannot be read without special utilities AFM files are a standard format for the exchange of metrics information for PostScript fonts This information can be read directly by several operating systems and programs TypeTool can import and export metrics and kerning information in any of these formats Metrics Window TypeTool has a special window where you can edit the metrics and kerning information It is called the Metrics window To open the Metrics window select the New Metrics Window command in the Window menu The Metrics window will appear Metrics FreeFontPro Kerning Y Size 96 W a C Options Y Tools WY AvVAVAWA The Metrics window consists of several parts 1 A Metrics window toolbar with controls for importing and exporting metrics files automating metrics or kerning generation and other commands By default the toolbar is docked to the top of the window but you can dragit to the bottom or leave it floating around 259 260 2 A Metrics Tools toolbar with four buttons that allow you to select one of the editing modes By default this toolbar is vertically aligned and docked to the left side of the window You can drag it anywhere or dock to any side 9 I ih F da Ay 3 A local command area that is used to select a mode for the Metrics window and a string for metrics or kerning editi
125. ers context menu that appears if you Crri click on the vertical or horizontal ruler Guidelines Popup Menu More commands are available in the guideline s context menu The Properties command as usual will open the Property panel for the active guideline The Delete command will remove the active guideline The Align command is available only for slanted guidelines and will align them to the vertical or horizontal axis i e remove their slant and make them vertical or horizontal guidelines 221 222 Guidelines Properties Panel To open the guideline properties panel Crri click on the guideline and choose the Properties command from the context menu e _ Guide Properties Horizontal guideline 343 oo In this properties panel you can change the position and slant angle of a guideline You also can name the guideline This will help you to distinguish different guidelines To name the guideline enter some text in the Name field and press ENTER The guideline will get a label Global line Guidelines default colors are set on the Glyph Window gt Colors page of the Preferences dialog Meter Mode With the Meter tool you can measure any distance and angle in your glyph It is very useful if you want to create very precise extremely high quality glyphs To measure distances between two points Faq 1 Select the Meter tool in the
126. erview of metrics and kerning data for the current line of text in the editing area The Metrics Ruler shows the advance width of the glyphs in the middle of the glyph cell and kerning Kerning data appears on a light blue background if kerningis negative as in the AV pair and on a yellow background when kerning is positive Of course kerning information appears on the ruler only when the Metrics window is in kerning or preview mode The Metrics Ruler also may be used to create new global guidelines but we will talk about that later You can control the appearance of the ruler using the Ruler command in the Options menu if the local command area is at the bottom or with the Ruler button on the Metrics Window toolbar Metrics Panel The Metrics Panel is a horizontally oriented table that may appear above or below the editing area H A Ma E EEE G E v 853 743 981 B60 746 697 818 630 706 35 1 amp 31 8 52 48 46 28 37 0 31 64 7 13 36 29 19 The Metrics Panel includes the following information for every glyph in the editing field name advance width left and right sidebearing and a pair kerning value with the next glyph You may control the appearance of the Metrics Panel using the Panel command in the Options local menu when the local command area is at the bottom or with the Panel button on the Metrics window toolbar Click on this button in the top right area of the panel to move it top or bottom
127. es to TrueType commands in the Contour gt Convert menu to convert glyph s outline to 3 order curves or 2 d order curves respectively These commands only convert curves but do not change their direction so you may need to use the Set PS Direction and Set TT Direction commands later Note You can select multiple glyphs or all glyphs in the Font Window and apply the commands to many glyphs at a time Grid Layer This layer is very simple if the Grid is on you will see a grid of vertical and horizontal lines in the edit Window If View gt Layers gt Snap to Layers gt Grid is enabled which it is by default any node that you move will snap to the gridlines You can adjust the grid frequency on the Glyph Window gt Dimensions page of the Preferences dialog box Grid step 100 x 100 217 218 Guidelines Layer Guidelines are straight lines that are used to guide the drawing of specific elements of a glyph Guidelines can be vertical horizontal or slanted Guidelines can be slanted at any angle from 45 to 45 from the vertical or horizontal direction Slanted guidelines can help to mark italic glyphs or specific slanted elements in normal glyphs like the inner bar in the letter N You can see little numbers giving the position and slanting angle of each guideline near the edges of the editing field of the Glyph window where the guidelines cross the rulers There are local and global guidelines Local gu
128. es to glyph names TypeTool will look up the glyphs in the current font that have glyph names specified in the encoding table and will present the glyphs visually in the sequence specified by the encoding table If the encoding table is used as a Type 1 encoding table the same mapping will be written to the Type 1 font and used as its encoding space exclam a quotedbl quotedbl numbersign numbersign dollar dollar percent exclam percent B Source text as sequence of codes Identification of characters in the font We will now discuss the most common encoding tables included in TypeTool Type 1 Encoding Tables Type 1 encoding tables are used as source for the character encoding in Type 1 fonts Type 1 fonts have two fundamentally different kinds of encoding Standard Encoding and custom encoding The rule of thumb is that a Western Roman Type 1 font should be encoded using Standard Encoding and a non Western Type 1 font e g Central European Cyrillic Greek should use custom encoding With the default settings of TypeTool if any encoding from the Type 1 Western Roman group is active in the Font Window the Type 1 font will be generated using Standard Encoding If a different encoding is active the font will be generated using custom encoding that will exactly reflect the active encoding table Type 1 Western Roman group If Preferences gt Generating Type 1 gt Encoding Options is set to Select
129. et Kerning dialog box 265 266 Selecting a String for Previewing or Editing To prepare text for editing you have the following options 1 Select one of the predefined sample strings in the sample text combo box ABCDEFGH ABCDEF nGHIJ a the quick brown fox Hd ABCD ABCabe 123 AY ehg ABCDEFGH he JKLMMOPQ RSTUYWHY i ne Enter the text in the sample text field of the control area top or bottom located ABCabel2q i Enter the Text mode and type sample text directly in the Editing area Append glyphs to the sample text by dragging them from other windows Selecting a Predefined Sample String Click on the button to the right of the sample text field and select the string for editing ABCDEF NGHI OF ABCDEF nGHIJ aa the quick brown fox ABCD ABCabel 23 AY ehg ABCDEFGH IJKLMNOPG RSTUVWEY Or use the spin buttons to the right of the field to select the next or previous string fox julm IS You can also use the COMMAND PcGUP and COMMAND PGDn keyboard shortcuts to navigate the list of sample strings up and down 267 268 Editing a Sample String Click on the sample string text field and modify it as you want You may type text into it or you may use TypeTool glyph access notation to access glyphs that have no characters mapped to the current keyboard layout TypeTool Sample Text notation Character Meaning of the following text n Glyp
130. etrics Horizontal Glyph Metrics Kerning Vertical Glyph Metrics Metrics Files Metrics Window Editing Modes Metrics Ruler Metrics Panel Context Menu Metrics Window Toolbar Selecting a String for Previewing or Editing Selecting a Predefined Sample String Editing a Sample String Entering Text in Text Mode Using Drag Drop Navigating in the Sample String Activating and Browsing Glyphs Selecting Preview Size Right to Left Mode Previewing Outline and Nodes Customizing Colors Editing Underline and Strikethrough Editing Metrics Manual Metrics Editing Using the Keyboard Using the Metrics Panel Automatic Metrics Generation Editing Kerning Manual Kerning Editing Using the Keyboard Using the Metrics Panel Automatic Kerning Generation Resetting Kerning Opening Metrics Files Saving Metrics Files Printing Metrics ACTIONS 249 250 251 275 276 278 279 281 283 285 286 287 287 288 290 291 293 294 295 The Actions Dialog Box Actions Contour Transformation Hints and Guidelines Transformation Metrics Transformation FONT HEADER Font Info Dialog Box Command Bar Font Names Basic Identification and Names Accessing MyFonts Database How to Make a Font Family Copyright Information Designer Information License Information Font Identification Version Information Basic Font Identification Metrics and Dimensions Font UPM Value Basic Font Dimensions Advanced Vertical Metrics Encoding an
131. f codepage mode is active Select encoding automatically When you generate a Type 1 font the most important encoding choice is to choose between one of two encoding forms e Standard Encoding e custom encoding Standard Encoding is a special Type 1 encoding created by Adobe Systems Instead of enumerating all the code positions in the font the Standard Encoding font leaves the actual encoding to the system font driver and on the other hand the system font driver knows what characters can be expected in the font StandardEncoding is the recommended choice if your font is a typical Western Roman font If you generate a Mac Type 1 font with Standard Encoding Mac OS will know that the font is a standard Western Roman font and will automatically match the font s encoding to the system Mac Roman codepage Similarly when you generate a Windows Type 1 font with Standard Encoding Windows will know that the font is a standard Western Roman font and will automatically match the font s encoding to the system Windows 1252 Western ANSI codepage Also if the user of such fonts create documents in some applications e g QuarkXPress for Mac and Windows the applications will automatically re encode the documents when moving between platforms Custom encoding is any Type 1 encoding which is explicitly specified in the font If the primary character set of your Type 1 is not Western Roman but Central European Cyrillic Greek or Arabic you
132. font content in different ways with various options You can print all or selected glyphs with all character information sample strings and detailed glyph printouts A new Quick Test feature that proofs the font using the system renderer has also been added Printing To see the printing modes available choose File gt Print You will see the following dialog box Font sample Font Table A PERE Do print A The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Ea Font Samele Ti h k D f Giph Samele Text size 48 z F word wrap _ Print right to left fat fiil gu limes M apply kerning I Print kerning values C Print metrics data _ Print undertine On the left side of the dialog box you can choose one of the available printing modes Font Table Font Sample and Glyph Sample 334 Printing Font Table To print the font table of the current font 1 Select the Print command in the File menu or click on the button in the Standard toolbar You will see a dialog box that asks you to select one of the printing modes Printing Font table oe hi Font Table Cells in the row 16 BZ Think zI wal Cell caption Unicode HH Font sample Ei Print glyph index in every cell Select the Font Table item in the list at the left to print a font chart containing samples of all font glyphs Choose how many cells you want to be printed in one row The fewer cells will be printed in a row the larger will be each cell and the more page
133. for the auto color O for the black color Ol for the white color Other brush options are accessible in the VectorPaint options menu TAN Round brush f Flat brush 20 units wv 40 units 80 units 170 units Options You can paint with round or calligraphic brushes of different widths Calligraphic style brush Round brush 20 unit wide line e 40 unit wide line 80 unit wide line 120 unit wide line You can also specify a brush stroke shape Press the i button and select a Shape in the context menu ir e T amp Smooth Right Smooth Left Point Right Point Left Simple Curved Simple Flat ee Shaped Inflated Options This is an example of different brush strokes 189 190 VectorPaint Options You can also change the brush properties in the Paint Options dialog box To open the Paint Options dialog box choose the Options command in the Brush options menu 2 or Brush style menu You will see following dialog box i Paint Options Brush options Width 40 Angle 56 Roundness 100 amp gt Cap 2 Join amp Body gt Polygon tool options Normal contour polygon Brush trace Other options _ Automatically activate Transform operation after any paint action E Reverse auto color Cancel ok In the Paint Options dialog box you can enter the width of the brush
134. formation once and use it in several similar fonts To import a metrics file into TypeTool click on the button on the toolbar You will see the standard Macintosh Open File dialog box Select the metrics file that you want to import in PFM or AFM format and press the Open button The Import Metrics dialog box appears Import Metrics File Import results Import of metrics file fUsers ffontlab Desktopstreefantpro afm was successful lt contains metrics for 1029 glyphs 1029 of which exist in the current fant Overall metrics compatibility is 100 00 Average width difference is 0 Metrics file includes 112 T What do you want to do with metrics data Allowed difference between metrics 10 What do you want to do with kerning data Donothing sisi What do you want to do with other data Do nothing HA The topmost control contains a legend describing the metrics file that you are importing and its compatibility with the current font 291 292 The options in the Parameters area let you select various metrics importing options What do you want to do with the metrics data Do nothing Do not import metrics data from this file Replace all metrics in the Import all metrics data glyphs advance widths and current font sidebearings and replace the metrics data in the current font We recommend that you use this option only if your font is very similar to the metrics file that you are import
135. gital form is a collection of character codes or codepoints integer numbers When you enter text into a computer the computer turns the keystrokes that you press on the keyboard into integer number and assigns a number character code to each character that you enter When the computer needs to show some text on screen or print it it accesses a font and turns the character codes into visual shapes A character encoding standard is simply speaking a table that defines the relation between characters and the codes that are used to represent these characters in the computer Character Encodings Standards There are many other character encoding standards sometimes called codepages used in the world to help use different languages in fact the huge amount makes the use of the word standard questionable The main difference between the encoding standards is the size of the code There are one byte double byte and multi byte mapping standards With a one byte mapping standard each character in the text is encoded using exactly one byte 8 bits of information This means that only 256 different characters can be encoded in a particular one byte encoding standard A double byte mapping standard uses two bytes 16 bits for every character So it is possible to map 65 536 characters Multi byte mapping standards use from one to four bytes for every character expanding the code space to billions of characters T
136. gle Used to draw rectangles or squares T Text Used to enter text vector based using any TrueType font installed in the system 185 Freehand Select Tool This tool works like a precision knife You can cut part of a contour and it will be automatically selected so you can transform it delete it or copy it To select part of a glyph with the freehand select tool 1 Select the freehand select tool S in the Paint toolbar 2 Position the cursor on the point where you want to start the selection and hold down the left mouse button 3 Drag the mouse while holding down the left mouse button to extend the selection polygon in freehand mode or release and click the left mouse button to extend the selection polygon by straight segments 4 Click the right mouse button to finish the selection When you finish the selection you will see that the selection polygon was applied like a knife and you have a new contour or several contours that is separated from the glyph The new contours are selected so you can use the Edit tool to move them or transform the selection Of course you can use any Edit menu command with this selection 186 Pen Contour Tool With the Contour tool F you can create new contours or modify existing contours in a more artistic manner than with the Edit tool When you use the Contour tool you can draw new contours as you would do on paper TypeTool will trace your drawing and replace
137. gorithms of TypeTool are customizable in the Preferences dialog box In TypeTool 3 0 the Preferences dialog box has been significantly expanded There are more options so there are more choices We encourage you to experiment with the settings and adapt them to your preferences However note that the authors have carefully chosen the factory settings so if you do not feel like poking around the Preferences in most cases you will be fine with the defaults To open the Preferences dialog box select the Preferences command in the Application menu Preferences lt General Options User interface l Open and Save Folders and paths Sample text to show in File Open dialog EPS and bitmap background SER ASN TALS ET Font window Glyph cell Glyph window ABRaeg123 w Panels can stick to each other Dimensions Wi Show tooltips Colors Metrics window Opening Type 1 Opening OpenType amp TrueType TrueType OpenType TT ttf Generating Type 1 Generating OpenType amp TrueType TrueType OpenType TT ttf OpenType PS ath OpenType TT Enceding roo ance RD The dialog structure is quite simple There is a list of pages combined in categories on the left the contents of the currently selected page on the right and some buttons on the bottom You will notice that the structure of this dialog bears resemblance to the structure of the Font Info dialog 51 52 To select a page use th
138. h name follows the slash A Follow the name with another to continue entering glyph names or enter a space after the glyph name to continue entering ANSI characters Acaron Adieresis BCDEF You may enter the code of the character according to the currently active encoding or a codepage 128 130 In this case the code number must contain only digits 7 Unicode codepoint of the glyph in hex format 0446 Unicode codepoint of the glyph in hex format may be preceded with u 0445 0448 u0446 BCDE q Line break in the preview Customizing the Sample String List If you click on the button L J to the right of the sample list control you will see the following dialog box Load Text Contents of the preview text combo box the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog abedefghijkim ABCabc 123 hamburgevons HAMBURGEY ONS SHE VERSE ASHORE AS AGREES RUNAS GORGEOUS NAME HAHHAAGQHAOQOAD HBHHBOHBOOBO HCHHCOHCOOCO HVxehg5 ABCDEFGH JELMNOPQ Pie I IANA F l i Cancel As you can see there is a big multiline editing field that contains all the strings in the sample list Change it as you want or click on the button to fill it from a text file You may use special characters as described in the previous section to enter glyph codes names or Unicode codepoints Type n to force a line break in the sample text Enter some text close the dialog box and then use the sample stri
139. hange in the shape of the contour Node Type TypeTool has several types of nodes that are represented by different node symbols The node symbol unifies two essential kinds of information the type of segments that the node connects straight segment or curve segment and the type of connection sharp or smooth Curve node Green round node symbol indicates a smooth connection between two curve segments ik Tangent node Violet triangular node symbol icon indicates a smooth connection between a curve segment and a straight segment Corner node Red square node symbol indicates a sharp connection between any types of segments A blue node indicates the startpoint To display the nodes similar to Fontographer http www fontlab com fontographer in black and white only enable Preferences gt Glyph window gt Appearance gt Black white To display the additional color information as in older TypeTool versions disable that option Note Corner nodes may exist between any types of segments straight or curve If possible you should convert a corner node between two curve segments into a curve node and a corner node between a curve segment and a straight segment into a tangent node see the section Connections on page 158 above A smooth connection between two straight segments does not exist it is always a sharp connection also it usually constitutes a collinear vector and should be simplified i
140. he Glyph Window drag them with the mouse and delete them by using the menu command or by clicking on both mouse buttons In contrast to guides hints consist of two lines that can be moved together or separately Hints cannot be slanted To add a new hint 1 Position the mouse cursor on the horizontal ruler bar for a horizontal hint or on the vertical bar for a vertical hint 2 Hold down the Comman key Hold down the mouse button The bar will appear pressed and a new hint will appear Release the COMMAND key 3 While holding down the mouse button drag the hint to the desired place and release the button To move a hint 1 Move the mouse cursor onto one of the hint s lines 2 Hold down the mouse button and drag the hint to its new place Both hint lines will move together To move the hint lines separately hold down the Suirr key while dragging one of the hint s lines Using this procedure you can change the width of the hint While you are dragging the hint and the mouse cursor is within the snap to distance the hint line will stick to the node Nodes must be visible The hint will snap to all nodes regardless of the mouse cursor position if the option View gt Snap to gt Outline is on and the following check box on the Glyph Window page of the Preferences dialog box is also switched on Ei Align to all contour points if Snap to Outline is on 237 a Note While you are editing the hint its p
141. he Glyph and Metrics windows described in previous chapters Or you can use TypeTool s actions to edit glyphs or metrics automatically Actions may be applied to one glyph to a range of glyphs selected in the Font window to the entire font or even to a large number of fonts The actions allow you to apply various transformations to the glyph contours change the font s metrics and kerning modify hints and guidelines Some automated actions such as making glyphs bolder are no replacement for a treatment professional type designer but they usually give you a reasonable start Other actions produce high quality results that do not require manual control or correction In this chapter we will show you how to use the actions and give a detailed description of each available action The Actions Dialog Box The easiest way to apply actions is to use the Actions dialog box It is accessible from the Tools menu while the Font or Glyph window is active Select the Action command from the Tools menu and you will see a dialog box Actions Select an action b Contour b Hints and Guidelines b Metrics Current action _ Apply to entire font a Note in previous versions of TypeTool this dialog box was called Transformation If you open this dialog while the Glyph window is active the action will be applied only to the glyph currently open If you open it while the Font window is active then the action will be applied to
142. he biggest problem of single byte encoding standards codepages is the limited capacity With only 256 slots available codepoints usually only characters from one alphabet writing system can be encoded It is not possible to encode e g Latin and Cyrillic text in the same codepage Pi flakonow wody Ok3eMIIAp actual text Pi flakon w wody Yecl d du text encoded as Windows 1250 Central European Pirx flakonyw wody Ok3eMmIJIApt text encoded as Windows 1251 Cyrillic 256 character codes are not even sufficient to encode various accented diacritic characters from different languages that use the Roman alphabet This is why separate codepages were created for Western Furopean languages English German French etc Central and Eastern European languages Polish Czech Hungarian etc Baltic languages Latvian Lithuanian Estonian etc and so on In addition different companies assigned character codes differently For example the letter a adieresis is represented using the character code 228 in the Windows Western codepage used by Microsoft and using the character code 138 in the MacOS Roman codepage used by Apple The confusion becomes evident if you realize that the same code 138 in the Windows Western codepage is used to represent the S Scaron that does not have its own codepoint at all in MacOS Roman On the Macintosh it is only available in the MacOS Central European codepage under t
143. he code 225 91 92 The Unicode Standard Fortunately one predominant character encoding standard has gained popularity in the past years the Unicode Standard or short Unicode It assigns unique character codes codepoints to practically all characters used by humanity a has the character code 00E4 in hexadecimal notation which corresponds to 228 in decimal notation but for Unicode codepoints usually the hexadecimal notation is used and S uses the codepoint 0160 352 in decimal a gt 97 x0061 f gt 1103 0x044F gt 225 O0x00E1 N gt 1488 0x05D0 a gt 261 6x0105 gt 9787 0x2638 Qq gt 945 6x 3B1 AH gt 32244 0x7DF4 Unicode is a character coding system designed to support the interchange processing and display of the written texts of the diverse languages of the modern world In addition it supports classical and historical texts of many written languages Modern operating systems such as Mac OS X or Windows 2000 XP use the Unicode Standard as the default way to store text Similarly modern font formats such as OpenType and TrueType use Unicode to store character information Unicode can use up to four bytes to encode a character it is theoretically possible to encode 4 294 967 296 characters although the Unicode Consortium agreed that no more than 1 114 109 codepoints will ever be assigned In the current as of September 2005 version 4 1 of the Unicode Standard a total of 97 786 codepoints have been ass
144. he dialog box is standard and there you choose a destination folder and enter a file name for the font file By default TypeTool will choose the folder where you saved fonts last time Below the standard part of the dialog box is format selection popup menu Choose the destination font format there Win TrueType OpenType TT OpenType PS Win Type 1 ASCII UNIX Type 1 FontLab Click on the Options button to open the Preferences dialog box Click on the Install font check box to temporarily install the generated font Check the export options in the Preferences dialog and press the Save button to export the font or Cancel to return back to font editing 355 356 Generating for Mac As far as Mac OS X now supports Win TrueType OpenType TT and OpenType PS fonts you may choose these formats available in the Generate Font dialog box described in the previous section We will describe here the font suitcase generating procedure Font Suitcases On the Macintosh fonts that belong to a font family are physically combined into a single file called a font suitcase The suitcase contains information about the font family in general and refers to the records that describe the fonts style encoding metrics and kerning information and some other data that is necessary for the Mac OS to use the font When Type 1 fonts are used on Macintosh files that contain actual Type 1 font definition data are stored in a separate file that i
145. i Generate Unicode indexes for all glyphs If the option Decompose all composite glyphs is on TypeTool will decompose all composite glyphs in the imported font Composite glyphs have no unique outline themselves but borrow outlines from other font glyphs Good examples of composite glyphs are accented glyphs like A a or n In each of these the composite glyph is composed of a basic glyph outline and an accent glyph outline from elsewhere in the font TypeTool has all the necessary tools and operations to work with composite glyphs So it is usually not necessary to decompose them on import But if you want to significantly modify the glyphs and do not want to worry about composites you can use this option Of course you can always decompose or recompose the glyphs later using TypeTool commands The option Generate Unicode indexes for all glyphs should be usually on We strongly recommend keeping it that way if you plan to convert your Type 1 font to TrueType or OpenType format TrueType and OpenType formats uses Unicode codepoints to access glyphs so having the indexes set properly is paramount However if you do not plan to make a TrueType font you may switch this option off As in the case of the first option you can always make Unicode codepoints later How TypeTool Makes Unicode codepoints TypeTool uses a file STANDARD NAM which is a mapping file that contains a list of PostScript names and corresponding Unicode codepoints
146. i e the physical location of the glyph in the font Width The glyph s advance width Decimal The local character code in decimal form Hex The local character code in hexadecimal form Octal The local character code in octal form ANSI The ANSI character that corresponds to the local character code The glyph cells may have different colors The background of the glyph cell may be grey or white and the caption may be white or yellow A grey cell background means an empty glyph This means that the glyph does not exist in the font and that the glyph cell is displaying a glyph placeholder The placeholder usually consists of a glyph template image TypeTool 3 0 ships with a very extensive set of pre installed default glyph template images These are based on the Andale Mono WTG font courtesy of Monotype Imaging http www monotypeimaging com and cover the entire Unicode 3 2 character set Note that the default glyph template images are low resolution monospaced and in a sanserif style They should not be used as direct source of information about the typographically correct shape of glyphs but only as an orientation A white cell background means that a glyph exists in the font If the glyph cell background is white and there is no image in it we speak of a blank glyph A blank glyph means that the glyph exists in the font but does not contain any outlines or components If the white cell includes a pale grey image it
147. ically aligned and docked to the left side of the I window You can drag it anywhere or dock to any side A local command area that is used to select a mode for the Metrics window and a string for metrics or kerning editing Kerning oF Size 72 w i Options F Tools oF PGRST site The local command area of the Metrics window may be located in the bottom default or top area of the window When the local command area is in the top location it includes controls to modify metrics or kerning lw 72 PGRST iS hax 52 IR sal 13 IR we leo7 I fa The content of this properties area depends on the current mode of the Metrics window Metrics Modes The metrics window works in four modes text preview metrics and kerning In Text mode you can enter and edit text in the main editing area of the Metrics window It works very similar to any standard text editor jm 772 Aam AE E iMi BOF 18 697 54 702 Ay Preview mode is used to preview text with kerning applied and check it at different sizes Also the position and width of the underline and middle stroke line can be adjusted in this mode wi Meer a 75 E 50 J e 548 E SE iMi Bl Ay PGRST In Metrics mode you can change the glyph sidebearings using either visual or digital controls w 72 PGRST 2 E SY 48 Gl an 36 l e 818 iM 5 BOF 818 boy 45 woz 45 lee 4 4 M
148. ice versa If you choose a higher zoom level you will see more details of the glyph and you can do the editing operations more precisely However in the larger zoom levels only part of the glyph will be visible so you will have to use the scroll bars to see the different parts of the glyph There are fixed zoom levels and custom zoom levels You can select one of the fixed zoom levels in the Zoom combo box located in the upper part of the Glyph Window 29 _ When you choose a fixed zoom level TypeTool will return to this glyph mode on every Zoom Out command or when you press COMMAND 0 You can also use the Zoom menu in the bottom of the window it will show the same selection of the zoom levels and is very useful when the Zoom toolbar is hidden To magnify part of the glyph select the Zoom tool 4 button on the toolbar the plus key or CommManp space on the keyboard and declare a custom zoom level using a marquee This zoom level is temporary and you can always return to the previously selected fixed zoom level by clicking on the amp button or by clicking on the minus hyphen key or COMMAND 0O Alternative keyboard shortcuts are Command Space Zoom in Command Option Space Zoom out Command 1 2 3 4 5 6 Set fixed zoom mode from 6 25 to 200 Space and drag Scroll hand cursor appears After you select the zoom tool move the mouse pointer to one of the corners of the rectangular area that you want to zoom o
149. idelines appear only in the glyph where they were set Global guidelines appear in all glyphs of the font Global guidelines are very useful to mark important levels in the font by using horizontal global guidelines or to set the base direction of an italic or oblique font using slanted guidelines Editing Guidelines Be sure that the Edit L tool is active and the guidelines layer is visible use the View gt Show Layers gt Guidelines command to switch it on Note that the Guidelines layer will automatically switch on if you add a new guideline To add a new guideline 1 Position the mouse cursor on the horizontal ruler bar for a horizontal guideline or on the vertical bar for a vertical guideline 2 Hold down the mouse button The bar will appear pressed and the new guideline will appear Hold down the Suirt key to add the global guideline 3 While holding down the mouse button drag the guideline to the desired place and release the button To move the guideline 1 Move the mouse cursor onto the guideline that you want to move Be sure that no other objects such as nodes or hints are near the cursor 2 Hold down the mouse button and drag the guideline to the new place While you are dragging the guideline and the mouse cursor is within the snap to distance the guideline will stick to the node Nodes must be visible The guideline will snap to all nodes regardless of the mouse cursor position if the
150. ies requires two versions of the family name within each font the first may contain any number of styles the second brief family may contain only four styles Macintosh Type 1 Also known as Macintosh PostScript LaserWriter font File extension no Pros Works on all Macintosh systems not cross platform Works in all PostScript commercial output and printing devices Uses the same curve system B zier as drawing applications such as Illustrator and Freehand so letterforms are easy to edit when converted to curves Type 1 hinting is comparatively easy to create Can contain bitmaps for small screen sizes One family can contain more than four styles Cons Does not work on Windows not cross platform Contains two parts the outline file and the bitmap font suitcase both of which must be in the same folder Does not contain class kerning so kerning tables are large Type 1 hinting does not allow precise control for very small screen sizes Cannot include more than 256 encoded characters and lacks advanced layout features such as ligatures making the format unsuitable for multilingual or non Latin fonts Recommendation Draw fonts with B ziers as Type 1 When complete make a duplicate FontLab master vfb file and make TT conversions to it Generate either a TrueType or a Type 1 font suitcase for older systems pre X Mac OS We recommend producing fonts in the OpenType format unless you have Mac customers running a pre X Mac
151. ify the coordinates of the node in the edit boxes You can use the spin buttons to increase or decrease the coordinates The new coordinates will be applied to the node when you press the ENTER key on the keyboard or move the focus from one edit control to another or when you close the property panel by clicking on a free space in the edit field To change the selection state of a node modify the state in the Selected check box To change the connection mode for a node use these check boxes To edit the position of the curve s control vectors switch on the Control vectors check box it will be gray if you are editing a node between two straight segments and modify the relative position of the previous or next control point that belongs to that node Use the buttons with arrows _ to edit the previous or next node Tip when you are editing node positions in the Properties panel press the ENTER key to accept changes and move the focus to the editing field of the Glyph Window There you can use the keyboard to move the selected node and the PAGE Down Pace UP keys to select another node for modification You will see the node properties change in the Properties panel as you move the node by keyboard or mouse Click on OPTION ENTER to put the focus on the Properties panel to set the node position more precisely 183 184 VectorPaint Mode VectorPaint is Fontlab s unique set of tools that allow you to paint vector contours with
152. ight segments sometimes called vectors are straight lines that connect two sequential nodes PostScript curves also called Type 1 curves are B zier curves 3 order cubic B splines To modify the form of the curves two additional sub nodes are used Bezier Control Point zi l End Point Bezier Curve 7 7 2 Control Vector E d End Point These sub nodes are called B zier control points BCPs and the vectors that connect the control points with the curve s ends are called control vectors In the Glyph Window straight segments end in square in black white mode or red in color mode dots and curves end with round or green dots Note that the contour direction plays a role here it is always the shape or color of the final node of a segment that tells you about the type of the segment TrueType curves are 2 order curves quadratic B splines that have one control point called the off curve point Control off curve point End on curve point Se ie a End on curve point 156 Some TrueType curves may appear linked together and form a long curve with off curve points only In such curves the intermediate on curve points do not exist explicitly but are implied by the rasterizer Off curve points TrueType curves end with points that look exactly like straight segment points Off curve points of the TrueType curves have a plus in black white mode or light blue in color m
153. ignated directory You can also export several glyphs at once switch to the Font Window select the glyphs that you want to export and select the EPS command from the File gt Export menu You will see a Save File dialog box where you enter a prefix file name for the exported glyphs Each glyph will be exported to its own file with the file name consisting of the prefix plus the sequential number of the exported glyph 247 248 Preparing Artwork in Adobe Illustrator If you intend to use Adobe Illustrator to draw the glyph outlines In Illustrator go to Edit gt Preferences gt Units amp Undo or Units amp Display Performance Change all units to points 1 point is equal to 1 unit in TypeTool Go to Preferences gt Files amp Clipboard Disable PDF enable AICB and select Preserve Paths In Preferences gt Guides amp Grid set Gridline every 10 pt and Subdivisions 10 Still in Illustrator select File gt New Set the width of the document in points to be the double of the UPM size of your font e g 2000 pt fora 1000 UPM font Set the height of the document to be the same as UPM size Descender e g 1000 263 1263 pt Select Window gt Info View gt Show Rulers View gt Snap to Grid Disable View gt Guides gt Lock Guides Optionally select View gt Show Grid Now click on the top ruler of the Illustrator document window and drag out a guideline Position it at the height that has the same positive
154. igned less than 9 of the possible space The vast majority of the codepoints are Asian CJ K Chinese J apanese Korean characters 65 535 codepoints are encoded in the so called Basic Multilingual Plane BMP The codepoints in the BMP are two byte so four hexadecimal digits are used to write the codepoint e g 0160 In addition more characters are encoded in supplementary planes They use 5 or 6 digit codepoints e g 1D56C Visit the Unicode Consortium official Web site for more information http www unicode org http www unicode ord The Character and Glyph Model People recognize and process characters by their shapes Thus people normally closely associate a character and its shape Information technology in contrast makes distinctions between the concepts of a character s meaning the character and its shape the glyph In information technology characters are abstract information elements used for data coding and interchange while glyphs are presentation elements used for displaying and printing the data Unfortunately different literature and different standards define the border between characters and glyphs differently For the purpose of font technology a glyph is a single element of the glyph collection stored within a digital font file while a character is a text encoding codepoint used in text processing Glyphs are used to visualize characters Each font has a different glyph for the same
155. ing Replace all metrics that Replace only those metrics records that are similar to are close to current the imported metrics The Possible difference between metrics option controls the allowed difference Replace metrics that are These options are obvious thinner than in the current font Replace metrics that are wider than in the current font What do you want to do with the kerning data Do nothing Do not import kerning data from the metrics file Completely replace Remove all existing kerning pairs and replace them kerning data in the with pairs imported from the metrics file current font Add imported kerning Leave the existing kerning pairs unchanged but add data to the current font new kerning pairs from the metrics file Add new kerning pairs but Import information about the glyphs that form each autokern them kerning pair in the metrics file and apply an autokerning algorithm to these pairs The What do you want to do with other data option controls the font header importing option TypeTool can import the Font Info data from the metrics file and replace the current font info data if the Replace this data in the current font option is selected Saving Metrics Files When you export a font file in Type 1 font format the metrics files in AFM and PFM formats are automatically written The TrueType font format includes all metrics information so it is not necessary to export additional files However if you want to expor
156. is a requirement of the Apple TrueType specification but it is not required on Mac OS X or Windows Write stored When enabled stored custom TrueType OpenType tables will custom be written into the generated font TrueType OpenType tables 71 72 TrueType Opentype TT ttf These settings only apply to fonts that you generate in the TrueType OpenType TT ttf format Generating OpenType TT TrueType ttf i Export hinted TrueType fonts Mi Write stored TrueType native hinting M Autohint unhinted glyphs Export hinted TypeTool will export TrueType instructions of any type TrueType fonts original or automatically generated only if this option is on To create a completely unhinted TrueType font switch off this option may be useful for pixel fonts Write stored If this option is on and the original TrueType instructions TrueType native were stored when the font was opened then TypeTool will try hinting to restore the original instructions where possible If you want to discard all the original TrueType instructions switch this option off Autohint unhinted Ifthis option is on TypeTool will try to automatically generate glyphs TrueType instructions for all unhinted glyphs How TypeTool Autohints TrueType Fonts on Export When autohinting is allowed and TypeTool finds a glyph that has no TrueType hints of any kind it begins to make TrueType hints automatically If this glyph has Type 1 hinting informati
157. is option to keep the original outlines to avoid conversion errors But if you plan to generate your font as a Type 1 or OpenType PS font you can enable this option to convert the outlines on import In any case you can always convert the outlines in either direction at any time during editing Leave this option on if you want to store the original TrueType instructions and outlines TypeTool will keep the stored TrueType data until you change the glyph s outline or hints If you open a TrueType font to rearrange glyphs or to add some new glyphs we highly recommend storing the original TrueType hinting data To prepare an imported TrueType font for Type 1 editing and export you may ask TypeTool to automatically make Type 1 hints for all the glyphs TypeTool will use the current Type 1 hinting settings and will make hints for TrueType or Type 1 outlines depending on the conversion setting Convert TrueType curves into PostScript curves 67 68 Generating Type 1 These settings control some technical parameters of fonts that you generate in the Typ e 1 format Generating PostScript Type 1 i Make PFM file Encoding options Export Unicode co wi Make AFM and INF files depage if codepage mode _ Export only encoded glyphs Font Window must be in Names mode Generate bitmaps for size s 10 12 Use bitmap rasterizer FreeType built in Make PFM file Make AFM and INF files Switch this option on to c
158. ization 34 Merge Contours 213 215 Meter mode 144 223 Meter Panel 43 59 Meter tool 223 metrics 229 automatic generation 283 editing 230 278 files 258 importing 291 manual editing 279 opening files 291 printing 294 property panel 231 285 saving files 293 tools 46 Metrics 254 Metrics mode 47 278 Metrics Panel 263 Metrics window 45 259 customization 63 Microsoft 90 322 331 364 Mirror 301 Mirror Metrics 301 Monotype Imaging 83 Mouse 28 Move Node 164 moving nodes 164 selection 197 205 MS DOS 102 Multiple Master 80 MyFonts com 314 N Names mode 39 96 97 NeXT Step 102 node 59 155 colors 59 156 position 59 property panel 182 type 159 nodes deleting 171 inserting 173 moving 164 selection 195 Non nodes editing 168 O open contour 154 OpenType 64 316 363 export options 71 371 features 364 importing 66 370 OpenType PS 66 73 76 344 OpenType TT 66 73 76 346 Operation Bitmap Positioning 227 Component Positioning 243 Transform 201 options export 51 353 Font Window 57 general 54 generating OpenType amp TrueType 71 generating Type 1 68 Glyph Window 59 import 51 Metrics window 63 opening OpenType amp TrueType 66 opening Type 1 64 TypeTool 51 OS 2 102 table 327 OTF 73 367 Outline Actions 213 Outline layer 59 150 p Panels 49 129 202 Paste 116 pasting glyphs 116 Paths 25 PFA 76 PFB 76 PFM 68 258
159. ked with one name If the name is preceded with the it means that Unicode may be generated from the name but none of the marked names may be generated when the Unicode codepoint is known This is necessary when none of the glyph s names is included in the list of standard names supported by Adobe Adobe Glyph List This feature makes it possible to generate correct Unicode codepoints for incorrectly named glyphs but will never assign incorrect names You can extend these files in any text editor but we strongly recommend not changing them 127 128 Removing Unicode Information If you want to reset the Unicode information in your font select all glyph cells and choose the Clear Unicode command from the Glyph menu TypeTool will remove the Unicode codepoints from all selected glyphs This command is not undoable The Font Map Panel When you work with really big Unicode encoded fonts you may need to have an overview of your whole font TypeTool has a special panel called the Font Map which can represent the entire Unicode code space as a set of 256 x 256 images where every pixel represents a double byte code and every image is a plain Every pixel row in this image represents a Unicode page 256 Unicode codepoints which begin with the same code For example codes A700 A7FF will form one row Every pixel in the row represents an individual code To open the Font Map panel use the Font Map Panel command in the Wi
160. l More Styles Use the arrow buttons in the top right area of the page to browse all available pages gt k ra i Alternately you may use the CTRL TAB and CTRL SHIFT IAB key combinations to browse pages 309 310 Command Bar In the bottom area of the dialog box you find the command bar Cancel Apply Here is the description of the buttons OK Accepts changes you made to font info and closes the dialog box Cancel Cancels any changes and closes the dialog box Apply Accepts changes but lets you continue so you can see the results of your changes in the Font Glyph or Metrics windows Font Names v Names and Copyright Copyright information Designer information License information The names section includes the most important font registration information All programs use the information on this page to refer to a font Be sure to enter all the values very carefully and use the automatic features where available 311 312 Basic Identification and Names Basic set of font names E Family Name FreeFontPro Weight Normal B 400 J Font is italic j Font is bold Width Mermal H Style Name IPS Font Name Full Name Menu Name FOND Name Regular fs More Styles Build Style Name FreeFontPra FreeFoantPra FreeFontPro FreeFontPra P Build Names a je MyFonts com The name of the typeface to which the font belongs All fonts that Family Name
161. l comfortable with TypeTool Some other parts of the user interface are unique that is what we will focus on The user interface of TypeTool is highly customizable This chapter discusses how you can custom tailor the TypeTool interface so it fits your needs best Note that throughout the book we will refer to menu commands toolbar buttons and keyboard shortcuts as they appear in the default user interface settings of TypeTool so keep this in mind if you have customized their location or appearance 20 Basic Terms First things first let us define some terms that are critical to understanding TypeTool and fonts in general Character The minimal atomic unit of writing with a clearly defined identity a part of the alphabet a letter a digit an ideogram a symbol Any image that can be recognized as having the same meaning represents the same character AAGAR All the images above represent the character A Please note that sometimes identical images represent different characters A Latin A A Cyrillic A A Greek Alpha Characters are abstract beings without a particular strictly defined image Computers store characters in their memory using numerical codes A text file contains sequences of such codes that represent strings of characters Glyph The basic atomic element of a font the particular image that is being shown on screen or printed The glyph repertoire of a font is
162. le _ Font family disallows automatic simulation of the condense style _ Font family disallows automatic simulation of the extend style Font family should have no additional intercharacter spacing Besides the FOND name you may edit parameters in the following groups Font family properties FOND ID and Script Fixed width font Don t use family fractional widths Use integer extra widths Ignore FractEnable Don t adjust characters spacing Font metrics Ascent Descent Leading MaxWidth FOND resource identifier or family ID number lying in the range of the particular script Changing the script in the popup menu to the right will automatically change FOND ID and vice versa If this option is switched on the font will be treated by the Macintosh system as one with characters of fixed width monospaced Otherwise the font is treated as proportional If this option is switched on the system will not use the global family widths table If this option is switched on the system will use the family style extra widths table Family Style Property Table If this option is switched on the system will use the family style extra widths table Family Style Property Table even if the option Don t use family fractional widths is switched off This option represents the 11th bit of the family flags which is usually set to zero The maximum height above the baseline reached by characters in this family
163. lection list you can see the full name of the registered vendor Click on the name to open the vendor s page in a Web browser Check this option to use the current vendor code as the default in all new fonts You may make your own code the default so you will not have to enter it every time Vendor dat File TypeTool stores information about registered vendors in the vendor dat file located in the Shared data Data folder This is a text file with a simple structure 2REB 2Rebels 39BC Finley s Barcode Fonts 3ip Three Islands Press 918 RavenType As you can see it is a vendor code followed by vendor name A single space is used as a separator If you want to change the file or add a new entry open it in any text editor such as Notepad or WordPad and make changes 323 324 Metrics and Dimensions lt Metrics and Dimensions Key dimensions Truelype specific metrics This page is used to set font dimensions that are used mostly to properly align text lines Font UPM Value fonts UPM size 1000 fH l Scale all glyphs according to UPM size change The most important field on this page is the Font UPM size The UPM size defines the relation of the font to the point size in which the text is set and defines the precision in which glyphs outlines are constructed More details about the UPM size and some recommendations for its values are given in the section Units of Measurement on page 150 If you change the UPM
164. lectronic documents Cons Type 1 hinting does not allow precise control in small screen sizes Can theoretically contain bitmaps but they are not displayed Since this is a relatively new format there are problems with old some applications some styles are not displayed in menus kerning for non Western characters does not work The multilingual and advanced typography features only work with new OpenType savvy applications otherwise just the basic character set is available Two alternative family namings within each font must be devised one where a family contains an arbitrary number of styles and second brief family where one family does not contain more than four styles Macintosh TrueType Also known as sfnt based TrueType TrueType suitcase Filename extension no Pros Works on all Macintosh systems not cross platform May contain up to 65 535 glyphs supports Unicode Suitable for Western Roman fonts non Latin fonts multilingual fonts and advanced typography TrueType hinting allows precise control in small screen sizes can also contain bitmaps in the same suitcase file Can include embedding rights information defining whether or not the font may be attached to electronic documents Cons Does not work on Windows May cause output problems on ten year old PostScript output and printing devices The designer usually needs to convert the outlines from B zier curves which may introduce very slight changes i
165. lines press the PAGE Up and Pace Down keys to select a component for editing You will see a control box surrounding the component with four corner handles a cross in the center a centerline and the number of the component in the components list To select another component press the PAGE Up and Pace Down keys or the Tas key 4 T To select several components click on each of them while holding down the Sutrt key To move the component position the mouse cursor inside the control box hold down the left mouse button and drag the control box to a new location If you position the cursor on the cross in the middle of the control box you can set the position of the component more precisely because the cross will snap to the guiding elements while moving 243 244 You can also use the keyboard to move the component Arrow keys move the component in one font unit increments the SHirr arrow keys increase movement to 10 units and the ComMaND ARROW keys increase movement to 100 units To scale a component position the mouse cursor on one of the handles hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse to change the size of the component Hold the Suirt key to constrain the proportions of the component Hold the Comman key to scale around the component s center Some other useful commands are available in the context menu that appears if you right click on the editing area while component tool is active Decomp
166. ll be retained For example vfb files saved from TypeTool 3 0 for Windows can be opened in FontLab Studio 5 0 for Macintosh and vice versa with as much as possible information retained TypeTool 3 0 also opens vfa files saved from FontLab 2 5 but not 2 0 If you have fonts saved in a proprietary format of another application and would like to open these fonts in TypeTool the best way is usually to create a Windows compatible Type 1 font from your other application and open the Type 1 font in TypeTool If you wish to move your fog files created in Fontographer http www fontlab com fontographer 3 5 or 4 1 to TypeTool you can use our FogLamp http www fontlab com foglamp product that converts Fontographer fog files into TypeTool compatible vib files retaining not only outline information but also mask layers guidelines background bitmaps etc 79 80 Multiple Master Fonts Multiple Master fonts contain several font styles called master fonts in one font file The Multiple Master font format is an extension of the Type 1 font format A program that uses a Multiple Master font can select not only one of the master fonts but also any intermediate style created by interpolation of the master fonts So it can use not only Bold Normal Narrow or Wide styles but any style in between such as 30 Weight and 47 Width With TypeTool you cannot open and edit Multiple Master fonts Instead you have the possibility t
167. ll outline overlapping and keeping the filled result unchanged The Merge Contours command is the outline equivalent of the Boolean OR operation The Get Intersection command will keep only the area of intersection removing all other parts This command is the outline equivalent of the Boolean AND operation Note You can select multiple glyphs or all glyphs in the Font Window and apply the commands to many glyphs at a time 215 216 Converting Contours Several commands in the Contour menu are used to change contours attributes Sometimes you may find that e g the interior counter of o is black instead of white transparent or two overlapping contours create a white intersection This means that one of the contours in your glyphs has a wrong direction TypeTool can detect such problems and automatically correct the contour direction for PostScript Type 1 B zier or TrueType outlines For that use the Set PS Direction for Type 1 or OpenType PS contours or Set TT Direction for TrueType OpenType TT contours commands in the Contour gt Paths menu These commands will reverse some of the contours so that all contours have the contour direction prescribed by the font format To reverse all contours in the glyph i e change the direction of every contour in the glyph to the opposite use the Reverse All Paths command in the Contour gt Paths menu Use the Curves to PostScript and Curv
168. ls Turn it off in this case High quality Preview No matter which mode is active you can quickly view a high quality preview of the outline by pressing the key on the keyboard the key under Esc Until you release the key you will see a high quality preview of the outline Note that you can use the and keys to browse glyphs without releasing the key Note On the U S English keyboard layout the key is located between the Tas and the Esc keys On other keyboard layouts you may need to use a different key e g on the German keyboard 161 162 Outline Preview Options You can choose other options in the View gt Show Layers menu for previewing the contour layer Ea Nodes To show nodes or not Ed Control vectors To show curve control vectors or not ca Connection mode To show connection mode marks A few more notes about outline appearance Selected parts of an outline appear red in color Selected nodes are marked as red rectangles and they are visible even if non selected nodes are hidden Some options related to outline appearance can be customized in the Appearance and Outline Drawing sections of the Glyph Window page of the Preferences dialog box described in the T ypeTool Options on page 51 section Here is a list of some available options and a description of the features they control Small nodes Nodes may be small or large ea a a a te ee in a ge a Black white no
169. ly generate the Font Name and Full Name fields If you are creating a new font we recommend that you fill in the Family Name field generate or manually fill in the Style Name field and press this button to create the Font and Full names If necessary you can edit the names later Validate Names Click on this button to check names 313 Accessing MyFonts Database The last button on the Basic names page is MyFonts com i MyFonts com Click on this button to browse a huge database of fonts which are on sale at MyFonts http www myfonts com one of the world s largest online font distributors This will allow you to check if your font name has already been used MyFonts cam Family name to check Caslon C Check iD Type _ Name 0 12582 PS LTC Caslon Bold Italic 12583 PS LTC Caslon Long Italic 112023 TT Adobe Caslon Italic 11040 TT Adobe Caslon Italic Alternate 111560 TT Adobe Caslon Italic Oldstyle Figures 11024 TT Adobe Caslon Semibold 11030 TT Adobe Caslon Semibold Alternate 11559 TT Adobe Caslon Semibold Small Caps 11025 TT Adobe Caslon Semibold Italic 11041 TT Adobe Caslon Semibold Italic Alternate e LLID 7 TI Adaba Cacinn Rali Iralis bi Adobe Cason THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUN The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog C Preview Cancel In the topmost editing field you may enter the font name that you want to check for similarities Click on the Check button to send a re
170. mations Font Map An image representation of big Unicode fonts All panels are described in full detail in the following chapters when we discuss the features that they serve Most of the panels can stick to the edge of the TypeTool window and to each other so you can easily arrange them to create the most comfortable environment To make a panel stick just drag it close to the screen or another panel s edge To prevent the panel from sticking hold down the Commanp key while dragging the panel s caption or switch off the option in Preferences gt General Options M Panels can stick to each other 49 50 Every time you exit TypeTool the positions of all toolbars and panels are stored in the Workspaces folder within your Application user data folder so when you run TypeTool the next time the environment will be restored To reset your current workspace to the default factory state hold CTRL while starting the application A dialog box will appear Reset Workspace With this operation you will reset all settings for windows and panels If you want you can also reset all UI customization to defaults or to one of predefined combinations fe Do not change Ul customization toolbars shortcuts menus __ Reset Ul to default state Cancel and you will be able to choose to start TypeTool with the current or the default UI TypeTool Options Most of the features behavior import and export al
171. means that the glyph there is a bitmap background in the glyph but no outline or components If the cell includes a black image it means that the glyph exists and is non blank i e it contains an outline or a component A yellow caption of a glyph cell means that the glyph is part of the currently selected encoding or codepage or as we say is in the yellow zone see next section Glyphs that are not part of the current encoding have a grey caption 85 86 The small blue mark that appears in the left top of the glyph cell means the glyph has more than one Unicode codepoint assigned When you modify a glyph in any way a black bar below their caption appears The black bar indicates glyphs modified since the last save When you save a font all black bars disappear The E glyph has been modified Font Window Command Bar On the Font Window command bar in the top position you see one button on the left and two buttons in the right area EZH uk i EEE Default Encoding mi The left button opens the Font Info dialog box for the current font This is the same as choosing the Font Info command in the File menu Buttons on the right allow you to select one of the encoding modes HANE Switch to the Names mode H Switch to the Codepages mode You can switch between the top and the bottom location of the command bar by clicking on this button in the top right corner of the Font Window In
172. menu and TypeToo l will open them Opening Fonts with Drag drop An easy way to open fonts in TypeTool is to drag drop font files from Finder Even if TypeTool is not running you can drag drop files onto its icon on the desktop or in the Dock to run TypeTool with those fonts open OOO estan mi cE ee ar selection I i entre d ACaslonPro Regular otf ARLALUNLTTF fa BaltiC otf Sep 19 je fa BaltiCBol ottf Sep 19 4 BaltiCita otf Sep 19 J BPirates 11F Jul 12 2 Fi Caslon ott Oct 1 20 gt DECORC__ afm Mar 14 DECORC_ inf Mar 14 X DECORC__ PFB Mar 14 iy _ ee FAC ae Enj Font Formats The vfb file format used in TypeTool 3 0 is fully backwards compatible so TypeTool 3 0 can open any vfb file created in TypeTool 1 x and 2 x The format is also cross platform compatible so vfb files saved from the Windows version can be opened in the Mac version and vice versa In addition the format is largely upward compatible This means that a vfb file saved from TypeTool 3 0 can be opened in FontLab 3 x 5 x as well as other Fontlab Ltd products such as TransType http www fontlab com transtype or AsiaFont Studio http www fontlab com asiafontstudio Only those elements of the format that were supported by the old version will be retained and some information may change slightly However the most important elements of the font such as key Font Info entries glyph outlines and kerning pairs wi
173. n and click the left mouse button Then holding down the left mouse button define the zoom in area by dragging the cursor to form a rectangle Release the left mouse button and the new custom zoom level will be selected If your mouse has a wheel use it to scroll the Glyph Window vertically hold down the Suirtr key to scroll it horizontally hold down the Option key to zoom in and out and hold down the Comman key to go to the next or previous glyph 141 142 Quick Zoom Selection You can quickly change the zoom level of the Glyph Window by selecting the Zoom In or Zoom Out command from the View menu Alternatively you can press the Z key for zooming in or the X key for zooming out This command increases or decreases the zoom level by a factor of two If the mouse cursor is in the editing area of the Glyph Window the new zoom level will be centered around the cursor position These keys are active even when you drag something with one of the editing tools If you have a wheel on your mouse you can hold down the Option key and use the mouse wheel to change the zoom level Vertical Alignment Options When you select 100 as the zoom value TypeTool needs to choose a scaling factor to fit the font unit space in the Glyph Window Two vertical levels in the font space define this scaling Visual Ascender and Visual Descender Visual Ascender Editing Field Visual Descender When you select 100 zoom it means that Vis
174. n open form and later connect them to each other to build final closed contours In TypeTool it is very easy to open closed contours or to close open contours Filled and Unfilled Contours Contours can be of two types black or white They can also be of two directions clockwise or counterclockwise The basic rule that applies to Type 1 fonts is simple clockwise directed contours are white and counterclockwise contours are black A simpler form of the rule known as the rule of the left hand is if you face along the direction of a contour black fill will be on your left side Directed contour Filled interior zone In the TrueType specification the opposite is the case so a contour is filled on the right hand side However not all TrueType rasterizers require glyphs to follow this rule so it is recommended but not necessarily required that you reverse contour directions when you are converting Type 1 fonts to TrueType Startpoint and Closepath All contours have a startpoint start point The startpoint is the first node of the contour The last node of the closed contour is automatically connected to the startpoint with a straight line which is called closepath The color of the startpoint in the Glyph Window is blue A contour direction mark always appear on a startpoint ama 155 Curves and Lines Segments are of three types straight segments PostScript curve segments or TrueType curve segments Stra
175. n our website Fontlab Home Page http www fontlab com To open a font for editing select the File gt Open command or click on the button on the toolbar You will see the Open File dialog box in which you can select a font file to open In this dialog box you will see all the fonts that can be opened Mac Suitcase without extension or dfont Mac Type 1 TrueType OpenType TT ttf Windows TrueType Font Collection ttc Windows Type 1 pfb Unix ASCII Type 1 pfa OpenType PS otf FontLab 2 5 font files vfa TypeTool and FontLab 3 x 4 x Studio 5 font files vfb Open fale p L TestFonts y gt TestFonts j ACaslonP Regular otf h ni ARIALUNI TTF ike EFEK LAP jo 1 Baltit ott BaltiCBol ott BaltiCita otf BPirates TTF i Caslon orf ly ji mpa oper ihe la Sy aag Ki DECORC__ PFB 1 FLUCaslon dfont FOOGD TTF Geargia ott Show files All Font Files B k Options Font name DecorC New Folder i If you want to list only fonts in a particular format select that format in the Show Files popup menu w All Font Files Mac Suitcase Mac Type 1 Win Type 1 Win TrueType OpenType TT TrueType Collection OpenType PS FontLab FontLab 7 5 When you select a font file in the files area you will see the font name below and preview at the right You can open many fonts with a single operation select all of them in the list using SuiFt click
176. n the shape When converted back to B zier curves e g in Illustrator the resulting curves have superfluous points Manual TrueType hinting is laborious to create One family cannot contain more than four styles 345 346 Windows TrueType OpenType TT Also known as data fork TrueType Windows TrueType TrueType flavored OpenType TTF File extension ttf also possible otf Pros Works on Windows Linux and Mac OS X May contain up to 65 535 glyphs supports Unicode and can contain OpenType Layout features Suitable for Western Roman fonts non Latin fonts multilingual fonts and advanced typography May include class kerning allowing for moderately sized kerning tables TrueType hinting allows precise control in small screen sizes can also contain bitmaps Can include embedding rights information defining whether or not the font may be attached to electronic documents Cons Does not work on Mac OS 8 9 May cause output problems on ten year old PostScript output and printing devices The designer usually needs to convert the outlines from B zier curves which may introduce very slight changes in the shape When converted back to B zier curves e g in Illustrator the resulting curves have superfluous points Manual TrueType hinting is laborious to create The multilingual and advanced typography features only work with new OpenType savvy applications otherwise just the basic character set is available For font famil
177. nType TT TrueType encoding Use following codepage to build cmap 1 0 table Mac OS Roman default Use following This is a hack used in older operating systems Windows codepage to build 95 98 to improve handling of single codepage non Latin cmap table fonts It is not required and not recommended but if you find that you need to use this hack to get your font to work in an old OS switch on this option and re export the font 73 Editing Fonts In this chapter we will discuss the editing of fonts A font is a collection of glyphs with similar design and some encoding and header information The information includes font identification names copyright data character encoding information and other data that is necessary for font usage Generating fonts is not discussed in this chapter Refer to the Generating Fonts on page 343 chapter for this information 76 Opening Fonts With TypeTool you can create new fonts or open existing fonts for modification When you open an existing font however please be sure that modifying it does not violate copyright laws some fonts are copyrighted as software so it is not legal to change them in any font editor Carefully read the license agreement that comes with every font You can find two one serif and one sans serif royalty free non copyrighted fonts that you can use as a basis for your own fonts or glyphs in the Sample folder or o
178. nders or descenders The Ascender value should be positive the Descender value should be negative preceded with a minus sign in the fields Make sure the sum of the absolute values of Ascender and Descender are equal to the font UPM size e g if your Ascender is 720 and your UPM size is 1000 your Descender should be 280 349 350 Go again to the TrueType specific metrics page and make sure the values of OS 2 WinAscent and OS 2 WinDescent are uniform across your family average if necessary The value of all OS 2 Typo values should be uniform as well TypoLineGap should be between 5 and 20 of your UPM size and uniform across all styles The hhea Ascender and hhea Descender should have the values equal to WinAscent and WinDescent and the hhea LineGap should be 0 Alternatively the hhea Ascender hhea Descender and hhea LineGap should be equal to the corresponding Typo fields You can usually leave the other Font Info settings that were not mentioned above at their factory settings Character Set Switch to the Names mode in Font Window and select some encodings to see whether all glyphs in a desired encoding that you wish to cover by your font are included in the font If you are making a text font it should at least cover all glyphs from the MacOS Roman and the MS Windows 1252 Western ANSI encodings You may want to create a custom enc Encoding file that will work as your font family map and will include all glyphs
179. ndow menu You will see a panel that consists of the code image toolbar and status bar The image represents Plain 0 of the whole Unicode codespace codes 0000 FFFF 129 130 The buttons on the toolbar mean Turns on zoom mode z Changes the Font Map to double byte codepage mode Updates the contents of the Font Map By clicking on the button on the toolbar you can zoom in on part of the Font Map Tee ee In this mode it is much easier to manage individual codes To scroll a zoomed Font Map hold down the left mouse button and drag the cursor beyond the Map borders If you click on the Font Map you will see the current Unicode codepoint appear on the status bar below the Map image The current code is highlighted with a cross hair Double click on any code in the Map to jump to the glyph that is mapped to it To switch to another plane of the codespace use the Plane control in the status bar 4 Plane D Font Map automatically tracks changes you make to the font If you are not sure that it is correctly updated click on the button to manually update the Map Managing Double Byte Codepages If you are working on a CJ KV the acronym for Chinese J apanese Korean and Vietnamese font you may want to look at your font in a double byte codepage Open the Font Map panel and in the Font window of your font select one of the double byte codepages You will see this button enabled in the Font
180. needs to be specified However it is possible to adjust the vertical advanced vector of individual glyphs To define a vertical glyph advance vector in TypeTool open the glyph in the Glyph Window hold down the Suirr key and move the base line You will be able to set the top vertical glyph sidebearing marked with a black green symbol and the bottom vertical glyph sidebearing marked with a yellow black symbol Note that this information is only used by applications that support vertical text layout and only if the vertical glyph metric information is specified for all glyphs Do not confuse vertical glyph metrics with vertical font metrics i e ascender or descender lines that are used in text that is set horizontally 257 258 Metrics Files Information about the advance width of a glyph is usually located in font files Kerning information may also be included in the file In OpenType and FontLab font formats both metrics and kerning data are located in a single font file In Type 1 PostScript fonts the metrics and kerning data are located in separate files There are two possible formats for the metrics files that are used with Type 1 fonts AFM and PFM AFM files Adobe Font Metrics are text files containing all the metrics and kerning information for a given font These files are legible as text and can be edited in any text editor PFM files Printer Font Metrics are metrics and kerning files used by the Windows op
181. ng kerning Y Size T2 wW hh l Options Tools FT PORST pe 4 The editing area where the edited string with controls appears 5 The header button located in the top right corner of the window Use this button to switch the local command area between top and bottom locations see below The local command area of the Metrics window may be located in the bottom default or top area of the window When the local command area is in the top location it includes controls to modify metrics or kerning 4 ra 67 S AJ at 6J La E The content of this command area depends on the current mode of the Metrics window Editing Modes The Metrics window may work in four different modes Text mode Is used to enter and edit text in the main editing area Works very similar to any standard text editor such as Notepad or TextEdit Preview mode This mode is used to preview text with kerning applied and check it at different sizes Also the position and width of the underline and middle stroke line can be adjusted in this mode Metrics mode This mode is used to adjust the metrics of individual glyphs Kerning is not visible in the metrics mode Kerning mode In this mode you can edit pair kerning Other things that appear in the Metrics window are the Ruler and Panel 261 262 Metrics Ruler The Metrics Ruler is a narrow bar located above the editing area i Its purpose is very simple to provide an ov
182. ng a node that is connecting two B zier PostScript curves you have the following options 1 If the connection of the curves is smooth hold down the Suirr key before clicking on the node to constrain movement to a line between the curves control points a Ve If the connection is sharp hold down the Option key at any time while dragging the node to move it without the adjacent control points y If the connection is smooth hold down the Option key before moving the connecting node to keep the connection s curvature optimised Hold down the Commanp key to involve all 4 control points in the process 165 166 4 When you are editing control points of a B zier curve hold down the SuiFT key before clicking on the button to keep the direction of the control vector unchanged z a 5 Ifyou are moving a control point of a curve with a sharp connection hold down the Option key to temporarily change the connection type to smooth so that the adjacent control vector will be collinear Do not forget that you can hold down the key the key under Esc at any time to get an instant high quality preview of the glyph outline as it will print Normal outline High quality preview Outline Echo If you want to see how the outline looked before you moved a node switch on the Echo mode Open the Glyph Window page of the Preferences dialog box and switch on this option Leave echo while editing This is how editi
183. ng field will look when echo mode is on Using the Keyboard You can use the keyboard to move nodes and to select a node for editing Arrow keys Every keystroke moves current node by one font unit Shift Arrow keys Every keystroke moves a node by 10 font units CoMMAND Arrow keys Every keystroke moves a node by 100 font units Page Up Selects the previous node for editing Page Down Selects the next node for editing Tab Alternates between the node and B zier control vectors Esc Drops the selection of the current node Note You can make a line or a curve a current object and arrow operations will move it as a whole Click on a curve or a line with the Edit tool and it will be highlighted by a pair of short lines 167 168 Non node editing Sometimes you may want to modify a contour in a more flexible way than by moving nodes For example to adjust the shape of a curve in node editing you would usually make the control points of a curve visible and move them to modify the curve A more intuitive way would be to grab the curve somewhere between the nodes and move this imaginary inside point The curve s shape changes accordingly We call this method non node editing This means that you can move not just nodes but every point of a glyph s contour You can even switch off nodes and still be able to edit the contour as you wish To modify a curve or straight segment using the non node editing method 1 M
184. ng scroll buttons or the COMMAND PGUP and COMMAND PGDn keyboard shortcuts to see how it works Do not forget to click on the editing area before using any shortcuts 269 270 Entering Text in Text Mode You may edit text in the editing area similarly to how you do it in any text editor Activate the Text tool on the Metrics Tools toolbar You can also select Text in the Mode Selection menu in the local command area docked to the bottom ENE Preview w Preview onl Kernig After the tool is activated you will see a caret cursor in the editing area Start typing text You may also drag select text and use the Edit gt Copy and Edit gt Paste commands to move blocks of text inside the Metrics window or from external applications After the tool is activated you will see a iragaite in the editing area Start typing text The copy paste feature of the text tool is compatible with Unicode so if you paste some Unicode text it will appear unchanged if characters of that text are present in this font Check the sample string editing field you will notice that it automatically creates TypeTool notation for all non ANSI characters Using Drag Drop The easiest way to fill a sample string is using the drag drop method You can simply drag any glyph from the Font Window and drop it in the Metrics Window and it will be inserted in a position highlighted by the caret If you want to add glyphs to the string h
185. notdef notdef is a special glyph that is displayed by the operating system if the font does not include a codepoint that the application is attempting to display Usually notdef has a form of a rectangle a crossed rectangle or a rectangle with a question mark inside Additional glyph naming conventions are discussed in the Glyph Naming and Character Encoding on page 89 chapter 23 24 Menu When we refer to menu items in the main TypeTool menu we will use the following notation top menu item gt sub item For example Edit gt Copy means click on the word Edit on the menu bar and select the Copy command from the menu Undo Ea Redo dh Y Cut oe Paste on Properties Ye Folders and Paths Recent applications from Fontlab Ltd use a new folder structure for storing their data files such as encoding or codepage definitions glyph generation recipes text samples for metrics and kerning mapping tables etc TypeTool 3 0 looks for data files in four different folders Shared default data folder typically Macintosh HD Library Application Support FontLab This folder holds files that are commonly used by all recent Fontlab Ltd applications FontLab Studio 5 TypeTool 3 TransType SE Pro FogLamp SigMaker 2 BitFonter 3 with more to come In each respective subfolder codepage definitions encoding definitions glyph to Unicode mapping files and some special data files are stored Only Fontlab Lt
186. ntil version 8 0 though more recently the Adobe Illustrator file format AI is based on PDF rather than EPS TypeTool can exchange outline data with Adobe Illustrator via the Clipboard and also export and import glyphs to and from AI compatible EPS files On one hand you can use Adobe Illustrator or other compatible applications to draw your glyphs and then import them into TypeTool On the other hand files exported from TypeTool can be opened in any program that supports AI compatible EPS files e g Macromedia Freehand Corel Draw ACD Canvas etc By default all font units in TypeTool correspond to points in Adobe Illustrator or other vector drawing applications This means that if you want your uppercase letter H to be 700 units high in TypeTool you should make it 700 pt high in Illustrator 72 pt 1inch so 700 pt 9 72 inch Exporting Glyphs To copy part of the glyph s outline to a vector editing program use the usual copy paste procedure The selected portion of the outline will be copied to the Clipboard Then switch to your vector editing program and select the Paste command from the Edit menu To export a glyph to an Adobe Illustrator 8 compatible EPS file 1 Select the EPS command from the File gt Export menu 2 Select the export directory and enter the name of the EPY AI file in the standard File Save dialog box 3 Press the Save button in the dialog box and the EPS AT file will be exported to the des
187. nto just one segment To visually emphasize the connection type smooth or sharp of all nodes you can enable the Connections layer View gt Show Layers gt Connections If enabled additional connection symbols appear next to each node A small x next to the node indicates a sharp connection a small o next to the node indicates a smooth connection 159 160 Outline Appearance You can view an outline in contoured or filled mode These modes are equivalent for all editing operations but the filled mode is a little bit slower However in the filled mode you always see how the glyph will look in the resulting font Switch between modes with the 4 button on the Show layers toolbar or with the View gt Show Layers gt Fill Outline command Outline mode Fill Outline mode Smoothed Contour By default a contour is rendered with black color and sometimes this may result in jaggies ae Optionally you can smooth the contour appearance on screen which will result in a much smoother outline appearance bo a eem Fa w To smooth contours use the Glyph Window page of the Preferences dialog box w Outline drawing MM Smooth outline You can use the Apply button in the bottom of the Preferences dialog box to check the result of the changes you make in the Glyph Window options Note If your computer is slow and a contour is complex smoothing the outlines may degrade the performance of the editing too
188. o a straight segment delete drag right mouse button one of the control points of the curve or delete drag right mouse button the curve while you are in the non node editing mode To convert a straight segment normal or closing to a curve drag an inside point of the straight segment while holding down the Option key To convert a curve to a 1 4 part of an ellipse the curve s control vectors will be treated as an ellipse axis press the Option key and click on the curve You can also convert curves and straight segments with the context menu Right click on the end node of the segment and select the Convert PS TT command in the context menu With this command a line segment is converted to a B zier curve a B zier curve to a TrueType curve and a TrueType curve to one or more B zier curves The last way to convert segments is to use the selection menu 1 Surrr click on any point on the curve or line segment 2 Right click on the highlighted red segment A context menu appears 3 Choose one of the commands in the Convert submenu To curves to convert to a B zier curve or To lines to convert to straight line segments Breaking and Joining Contours To break the contour with the Edit tool hold down Commanp and OPTION and click on the node where you want to break the contour To break the contour with the Knife tool click on the node When a contour is broken its first and last nodes are highlighted
189. o create a regular single master font from an instance of a Multiple Master font When you select a Multiple Master font in the File Open dialog box the Generate Instance dialog box appears Generate Instance Choose design position to generate instance ABCabc123 Known instances Custom position selected wv Use instance name as style name Weight Width OpticalSize Cancel Use the controls to select the intermediate design Click on OK and TypeTool will generate a single master Type 1 font and open it in a new Font window If you need full support for Multiple Master fonts we recommend you try FontLab Studio http www fontlab com studio Importing Font Collection When you select a Windows TTC TrueType Collection font for open you are presented with a special TTC Font Collection Import dialog box TTC Font Collection Import TTC font collection that you are opening contains following fonts W MS Mincho Select All _ MS PMincho Unselect Select fonts that you want to open or click the Select All button to open all fonts Cancel amp _ Cancel j The list of fonts in a collection has check boxes to let you select which fonts Should be imported You can check those of them that you want to be opened Click on the Select All button to switch on every check box To switch them all off click on the Unselect button When you are ready click on the OK button to start importing TTC
190. o get access to the controls for adjusting the properties of the lines switch the local command area to the top using this button located in the top right corner of the editing area This is how the Metrics window should look Metrics FreeFontPro T 72 ABCabc 123 100 50 aad 430 20 542 513 qid 100 R vst 50 There are two buttons and four editing boxes Click on the Underline button to show the underline a x feed nes E E ioo G 50 e fe 248 E 4 50 74 L 3 660 r46 qzr a4 411 00 00 As you can see underline controls are now enabled so you can use this control 100 to change the underline position Use this control 4 50 IS to change the underline thickness fel Use the Strikethrough button to show the strikethrough line and enable the related controls a z m i p a a ry 2 ie UU ug GE r 248 7 Sm GE a w43 660 r46 qzr 10d q11 00 00 Strikethrough may appear together with underline or separately as imaged 277 278 Editing Metrics This section discusses horizontal glyph metrics the advance width and the sidebearings jointly referred to as just metrics and kerning In TypeTool you can modify this information either manually or automatically Horizontal glyph metrics can be modified manually in the Glyph window by dragging on the sidebearing lines However this does not giv
191. ode appearance 157 158 Connections The type of connection between segments is very important if you want to keep the contour smooth at appropriate nodes There are two types of connections sharp and smooth At a sharp connection the two connected segments curve and curve or straight segment and curve are absolutely free in their angle relative to each other at the connecting node At a smooth connection the direction of the straight segment and the control vector of a curve or the control vectors of two sequential curves are kept collinear lie on the same straight line I e the angle between the two segments at the node is fixed at 180 degrees a Smooth connection s bn 7 Sharp connection Ti m It is very important to maintain the smoothness of the glyph s contours at the appropriate places Small corners sharp connections that are invisible when glyphs are small become visible and ugly when you print large text Furthermore rasterizing programs that convert outline glyphs into bitmap images on paper do not like outlines where sharp connections are present in places where the outline should be smooth Note A quick way to change the connection type is to double click on a node More detailed control is available on the Properties panel Use Contour gt Correct Connections to automatically fix incorrect sharp connections i e sharp connections that can be turned into smooth connections without any c
192. oding These days most font formats use the Unicode Standard as basis for their font encoding but it is possible to produce fonts that are encoded using of the older codepages It is even possible to have several different encoding vectors in one font so that both old and modern applications can work with it Font Family A font family is a collection of fonts representing typeface designs that Share the same design idea but differ in width inclination upright or italic stroke thickness weight stroke endings serif or sanserif or in some other stylistic aspects For example Times Bold Italic is a typeface that belongs to the Times family timesbi ttf Times BollIta otf and tmbi pfb are all different fonts representing the same typeface in different formats A font family usually contains from one to a few dozen typefaces Glyph name Fach glyph in a font contains the digital representation of the glyph image in form of outlines or bitmaps In addition each glyph is uniquely identified by its name Glyph names must follow certain conventions 1 Only plain English letters uppercase A Z or lowercase a z European digits 0 9 as well as the special characters period and _ underscore are permitted in glyph names 2 Spaces are not permitted in glyph names 3 Glyph names must not start with a digit 4 Glyph names must not start with a period except the glyph name
193. ol Inserting Nodes Using the Drawing Tool Adding Points to a Contour Converting Segments Breaking and Joining Contours Node Commands Node Properties VectorPaint Mode Freehand Select Tool Pen Contour Tool Brush Tool VectorPaint Options Line Tool Polygon Tool Ellipse and Rectangle Tools 128 129 131 132 133 134 135 136 138 139 140 142 144 145 Text Tool Selections Using the Magic Wand Tool Moving the Selection Selection Commands Selection Properties Panel Copying the Selection Transforming the Selection Building an Outline from Blocks Contour related Commands Merging and Intersecting Contours Converting Contours Grid Layer Guidelines Layer Editing Guidelines Guidelines Popup Menu Guidelines Properties Panel Meter Mode Setting Guidelines Background Layer Background Positioning Outline Operations Metrics Editing Metrics Baseline Properties Panel Metrics Properties Panel Mask Layer Editing Mask Mask Operations Vertical Metrics Hints Layer Editing Hints Hint Popup Menu Hint Commands Hint Properties Panel Working with Composite Glyphs Adding a Component Decomposing Component Positioning Component Properties Importing and Exporting Glyphs Exporting Glyphs Preparing Artwork in Adobe Illustrator 234 236 237 239 239 240 241 243 245 246 247 248 Importing Glyphs Manual and Automatic Scaling Printing a Glyph EDITING METRICS What are Font M
194. old down the Sutrr key If you want to replace the sample string with the dropped glyphs hold down the Comman key Navigating in the Sample String You can also use the Pace Up and PAGE Down keys on the keyboard to navigate within the sample string The Home and En keys will jump to the beginning and end of the current line of text To scroll the window you can press the SpacEBAR and scroll the Metrics window with the hand tool If the sample text is really long switch the Metrics window into Preview mode and use the hand tool to scroll the editing area Activating and Browsing Glyphs Click on any glyph in the Editing area and it will be selected for further editing In metrics mode you will see the right and left handles that allow you to change the sidebearings and in kerning mode you ll see a pair handle that highlights a position between the first and second glyphs in the pair After you activate a glyph you can browse the glyph collection in the current font Use the previous glyph and next glyph shortcuts By default they are ComMAND and Comman respectively In Metrics and Kerning modes you can change a glyph in the string by pressing the related key on the keyboards or by quickly entering its name 271 272 Selecting Preview Size If the local command area is in the top part of the Metrics window type the desired point size in the String Size combo box r or select one of the predefined sizes from the
195. ommands in the View gt Show Layers menu work when the Metrics window is active t Guidelines Global guidelines are visible in the current line H Glyph metrics Baseline is visible zm Vertical Font vertical metrics are visible in the current line metrics r Nodes Nodes are visible ri Preview Outlines are filled This means that it is not necessary to have the glyph outlines always filled while you are working with font metrics For example you may need to switch off the fill and switch on the nodes to visually compare placement of nodes in some glyphs t i 7 a fae fe al DA t KA IE A u CER Ai ie NS St G Gl zo 274 Customizing Colors You are not restricted to black text on a white background Open the Metrics window page Preferences gt Metrics Window Metrics window M Automatic line feed Mi Highlight all kerning pairs Background 2 Foreground EE Font to use in the preview combo box As aresult you can get custom colors in the Metrics window 275 276 Editing Underline and Strikethrough To edit the position and width of the underline and strikethrough line switch the Metrics window to the Preview mode You can do this by clicking on the Preview Mode button T7 of the Metrics Tools toolbar or by selecting Preview in the mode selection menu of the bottom command area or by selecting the same command in the context menu that appears when you Crri click on the editing field T
196. omponents are referenced I e their contours are not actually present in the composite glyph but are copied from and linked to some other glyph Thus whenever the original component contour is changed all the composite glyphs that copy the component also change The contour of composite components appears in dashed lines in the Glyph window Composites have the advantage of allowing the user to create only one instance of a component that is frequently found in a font and reusing it without having to redraw it each time Later if the design of the component changes it need only be altered once in the original component And finally a composite takes up less room in the font than an outline allowing for smaller font files There are three operations related to composite glyphs adding a component to glyphs decomposing a component and positioning a component Adding a Component To add a component to a glyph currently open in the Glyph window select the Add Component command from the Glyph window context menu You will see a dialog box that is similar to the Find Glyph dialog box Select a Component Glyph Ome esinswith Cd R 0063 0 cacute O10 caron O2CF ccaron 0100 ccedilla 00E7 7 Total 20 x jo Y o Cancel J The only differenc
197. on then TypeTool converts this information to visual TrueType instructions and converts the instructions to the TrueType hinting code If Type 1 hints are not present then TypeTool automatically generates Type 1 hints as the first step then converts the Type 1 hints into TrueType visual instructions and converts the visual instructions into TrueType native instructions OpenType PS otf These settings only apply to fonts that you generate in the OpenType PS otf format Generating OpenType P5 otf Mi Decom pose all composites i Use subroutines to compress outlines in the CFF table Mi Autohint unhinted glyphs Decompose all When enabled all composite glyphs in the font will be composites decomposed Recommended for maximum compatibility When disabled the composite glyphs will be exported as such Use subroutines to Allowto automatically generate outline subroutines if font is compress outlines generated as CFF flavored Outline subroutines store in the CFF table repetitive parts of outlines and allow to reuse with references from outline definition code Autohint unhinted When enabled all glyphs that contain no hints will be glyphs autohinted OpenType TT Encoding These settings control some advanced re encoding features for fonts that you generate in the TrueType OpenType TT ttf format These settings do not apply to OpenType PS fonts Generating Ope
198. ong to your family in TypeTool Font Info Open File gt Font Info for each font On the Names and Copyright page make sure that all text boxes and combo boxes are filled in and that the Font is bold and Font is italic check boxes are checked accordingly Use the Validate Names button for each font to check against potentially wrong names Check the pages Copyright information Designer information and License information All information should be filled in there although for Type 1 fonts actually only a subset of the entries will be included in the generated fonts In Version and Identification put a reasonable version number into the top fields and click on the green Auto button Increase your minor version number if you revised your font On the Basic identification settings click on the green Auto button and on the Now button Leave the Type 1 number fields empty select your vendor ID from the TrueType vendor code combo box If you do not have one register one at Microsoft Typography or leave the default value On the Metrics and Dimensions page font UPM size can be 1000 for all formats do not worry about things like 2048 for TrueType On the TrueType specific metrics page click on both Recalculate buttons Then go to Key dimensions and check Copy values to TrueType metrics Make sure your Ascender and Descender values are uniform for all fonts in your family use average values if your styles de facto have different asce
199. ons Font Window Glyph Window Metrics Window Opening Type 1 Opening OpenType amp TrueType Generating Type 1 Generating OpenType amp TrueType EDITING FONTS Opening Fonts Most Recently Used Fonts Opening Fonts with Drag drop Font Formats Multiple Master Fonts Importing Font Collection Creating a New Font The Font Window Font Window Command Bar Glyph Naming and Character Encoding Characters Codes and Glyphs Names Mode Codepages Mode Using the Font Window Navigating Selecting Context Menu Rearranging Glyphs Saving the Font Autosave Copying and Pasting Glyphs Copying Glyphs to Another Font Appending Glyphs to the Font Copying Composite Glyphs Duplicating Unicode codepoints Creating New Glyphs Deleting Glyphs Searching for Glyphs Renaming Glyphs Generating Unicode codepoints 120 121 122 123 125 127 Removing Unicode Information The Font Map Panel Managing Double Byte Codepages Working with Multiple Fonts Windows List Applying Modifications THE GLYPH WINDOW Glyph Window Contents Selecting a Glyph for Editing Creating Glyphs Changing the View in the Glyph Window Quick Zoom Selection Tools and Operations Edit Mode Temporary Activating the Edit Tool Snap to Distance Editing Layers Outline Layer Units of Measurement Contours Outline Appearance Moving Nodes Using the Keyboard Non node editing Changing Connection Type Deleting Nodes Deleting Lines and Curves Eraser To
200. ool you can use three more tools to create a new contour or to add points to an existing contour These tools are Add Corner Add Curve and Add Tangent To create a new contour 1 Activate one of the tools 2 Click the left mouse button anywhere in the empty area of the glyph window to create the first point of anew contour Drag the mouse to put new node into correct position Release the mouse button 3 Click on again in the empty area to add a corner line curve or smoothly connected curve with Add Corner Add Curve or Add Tangent tools respectively 4 Continue the procedure until your newly defined contour is complete To close contour drag the last node onto the first node 5 You can switch to the Drawing tool i at any time and use it to add new points to a contour you are creating Note A new node is added to the contour if the last node of the contour is highlighted If it is not highlighted a new contour is started To highlight a node click on it To deselect it press the Esc key on the keyboard You can move outline nodes with the Add tools Note that if you click on the contour not on the node a new node is inserted The type of node depends on the tool you are using To prevent adding a new node hold down the Option key when you click on the contour 177 178 Converting Segments Sometimes you may want to convert a curve to a straight segment or vice versa To convert a curve t
201. open the Glyph window It will immediately appear on screen ANSA Glyph A from unnamed font E G o aat a oe SNE RAE Sc ig f Instead of double clicking on you can also use several other methods to open the Glyph window 1 Right click on the glyph cell and select the Open Glyph Window command in the context menu 2 Select the glyph and choose New Glyph Window in the Window menu 3 And finally select the glyph cell and press the ENTER key on the keyboard If you have more than one glyph in your font which is normal when you open an existing font and have a glyph window already open when you double click on another glyph in the Font window or use any other method of opening a glyph window except the New Glyph Window command a new glyph will appear in the original glyph window If you need to open many glyph windows simultaneously hold down the COMMAND key when you double click on the new glyph cell or otherwise open a new Glyph window You may have as many open glyph windows as you want close those you do not need so as not have all your workspace covered with glyph windows Glyph Window Contents All windows in TypeTool have a similar layout control panel on the top and main area covering most of the window The glyph window is no exception the top docked control area which of course can be docked to the bottom location also contains zoom selection tools a combo box and a few toolbar buttons a 100x W
202. option View gt Snap to gt Outline is on and the following check box on the Glyph Window page of the Preferences dialog box is also switched on wi Align to all contour points if Snap to Outline 1s on 219 220 To slant the guideline 1 Move the cursor onto the guideline near one of the sides of the editing field of the Glyph window 2 Hold down the mouse button The mouse cursor will change to a pair E of curved arrows that shows you the guideline slant direction 3 Moving the mouse slant the guideline to the angle that you want Hold down the Suirt key to constrain the slanting angle to 3 degree increments To remove the guideline 1 1 Start moving or slanting the guideline 1 2 While holding down the left mouse button click the right mouse button 2 1 Position the cursor on the guideline and Crri click the mouse button 2 2 In the menu select the Delete command You can use this option Wi Remove hints and guides by moving out of the window located on the Glyph Window page of the Preferences dialog box to remove any guideline or hint by simply dragging it from the editing field of the Glyph window To remove all local guidelines use the Remove guidelines command in the Tools gt Hints amp Guides menu Options of this command include Both to remove all guidelines Vertical to remove only vertical guidelines Horizontal to remove only horizontal guidelines The same command is available in the rul
203. option in the Paint Options dialog box With this option on the Free Transform operation will be activated immediately after entering the text string allowing you to modify its size or position To enter a string of text L 2 Select the Text tool T in the Paint toolbar Position the mouse cursor with the crosshair and the suggested rectangle of the future string on the place in the editing field where you want to add the string Click the mouse button In the dialog box enter the character string Use the Font button to select the font that will be used Enter Text Sampld Apple Chancery at 300 units Font Cancel Below the sample string you will see the name of the current font and the size of the text string The size is presented in font units You can change the string size in the Font dialog box The size of the placed text will be 10 times the selected point size For instance if you select a 24 pt font you will get a string that will be 240 units in height Click on OK to enter the string or Cancel to abort this operation Selections Many operations can be applied not only to single nodes or segments but also to several nodes together For example you may want to move many nodes or delete part of a contour First select the nodes that you want to process To select nodes with the selection rectangle 1 Make sure that the Edit tool is active 2 Hold d
204. or CommMaND Click You can set the opening options here by clicking on the Options button Please refer to the TypeTool Options on page 51 section for a detailed discussion of the opening options You can use File gt Open to open fonts located in system font folders But the quicker way is to use File gt Open Installed This will show a dialog box that displays all fonts installed on your system choose one and click on OK to open the font Open Installed Font Select the font ___ Font Name File Name Sie X FLChiantiONXBd FLChiantiONX d Reg ttf 54K FUChiantiONXBd Italic FLChiantiONX d ta ttf SIK 3 FLChiantist FLChianti8C Reg ttf 54K a FLChiantisC Bold FLChianti C Bol ttf BOK 0 4 Futura CondensedExtraBold Futura dfont 307 4 Futura CondensedMedium Futura dfont 307 4 Futura Medium Futura dfant 307 aj Futura Mediumitalic Futura dfont 307 B GE18030Bitmap NISC 18030 ttf 6M la GadgetRegular Gadget ESK a GeezaPro Geeza Pro ttf 104 El CeeraPro Rold Geers Pro Role tf ROK a The quick brown fox Cancel GOK 77 TypeTool 3 78 Most Recently Used Fonts All fonts that you recently opened in TypeTool are added to the list of the most recently used font This list is used in the File menu Page Setup Print Caslon otf Arial test vib Apple Chancery dfont CaflischScriptPro Light otf Next time you wish to open any of them select the font file in the File
205. or on the contour from which you want to measure 2 Hold down the mouse button and drag the mouse to what you want to measure to Hold down the Suirtr key and the direction of the mouse s movement will be constrained to the normal direction of the contour startpoint 3 When you are done release the button Setting Guidelines With the Meter tool you can not only measure angles and distances but also mark glyph elements with guidelines Press the CTRL key and measure the distance When you release the button a popup menu appears Here is what you can do Add slanted guideline A slanted guideline will be added along the meter tool s arrow Note that the next guideline that you drag from the rulers will be parallel to this one Background Layer When other methods are not adequate you can use a background bitmap template A bitmap template is a black white bitmap image that appears on the screen underneath all the other layers You can use it as a template for a glyph outline it is especially useful when working with the VectorPaint tools To see the background layer switch it on in the View gt Show Layers menu Create a background layer using any of the three following methods 1 Open a bitmap image file in PICT or TIFF format 2 Paste an image from the Clipboard 3 Rasterize the current outline to make an image in the bitmap background layer You can also copy the contents of the background to the clipboard to
206. ork in the Font Window Drag and drop in the Index mode physically rearranges glyphs in your font Drag and drop in other modes of the Font Window is used to assign new code positions to existing glyphs Drag and drop between fonts can be used to append if in Index mode or copy other modes glyphs between fonts Sorting glyphs that Controls the way glyphs are displayed in the Font Window are out of encoding that are shown outside of the yellow area i e the glyphs that do not belong to the currently selected encoding or codepage 57 58 Glyph Cell These options control the appearance details of glyph cells in the Font Window Glyph cell Each cell should have dimensions of 32x 32 H pixels rd Give each cell a caption Geneva 3 A Each cell should Controls the default size of the glyph cells in all Font windows have dimensions Note that when the local control area of the Font Window is of placed at the bottom you can use the Increase Decrease cell size buttons to temporarily change the size of the glyph cells in the currently active font Give each cella Shows hides the caption of the glyph cell the small caption rectangular bar shown at the top each glyph cell and allows you to choose a font that should be used there Glyph Window This section controls the behavior of the Glyph Window Glyph window Editing behavior W Show crosshair cursor M Remove hints and gui
207. ormation name Unicode codepoint or some other data The cells can also contain little icons that indicate some glyph properties but more about that later There are no glyphs in the font that we just created but the Font window shows some images in the glyph cells These are glyph template images that show which character does the specific glyph cell represent These glyph template images are very simplified images of Unicode characters that the glyphs represent You should use the glyph template images for orientation but not necessarily as a definitive source of information about the design of that particular glyph TypeTool has templates for thousands of glyphs so you will usually know where to place new glyphs 39 40 We will discuss navigation in the Font window later in the Editing Fonts on page 75 chapter so let s talk about the Font window command bar which is located either at the bottom or at the top of the window Names mode Default Encoding Y You can switch between the top and the bottom location of the command bar by clicking on this button in the top right corner of the Font Window The first button on the command bar when it is in the top position invokes the File gt Font Info command which is described later in this manual Next there is a combo box that allows you to change the information that appears in the glyph cell captions J Name ak Next is a com
208. ose Decomposes adds the outline to the composite glyph the current component Delete Removes the component Copy Metrics Copies metrics data from the component to the composite glyph Edit Component Opens a new Glyph Window with the currently active component Properties Opens the Component Properties panel described below Component Properties You can set the precise size and position of the component CTRL click or right click on the component with the Edit tool You will see a context menu Select the Properties command in this menu and you will see the Component Properties dialog box e Component Component num bersigr Position x 1 605 fe v 113 a Scale M 123 5 he r 117 5 py Apply In this dialog box you can select a different glyph to be used as a component and set the component s position and scale The component position is the distance between the composite zero point and the component s zero point Tip Double click on the component to get the Component Properties panel 245 246 Importing and Exporting Glyphs With TypeTool you can exchange outline data with other vector editing programs either using the Clipboard or files The most common format for vector data is Encapsulated PostScript EPS Vector editing programs such as Adobe Illustrator and Macromedia Freehand typically are able to open and save EPS files EPS was the native file format of Adobe Illustrator u
209. ost of the tools are designed to help you create good outlines Before we turn to the outline editing tools let s talk about outline structure Units of Measurement All glyph drawings in a font are measured using a standard coordinate system One unit of this system is called a font unit Any point on a glyph outline has x and y coordinates measured in font units Other distances such as advance widths kerning values component positions etc are also measured in font units All glyphs in a font have a common reference scale that defines the relation between the glyph drawings and the point size of the font This reference scale is called UPM size Units Per eM size Whenever the font is displayed at a certain point size it is sized so that the UPM size matches the point size The UPM size of most currently available fonts equals 1 000 units This means that whenever the font needs to be displayed at 10 pt type the 1 000 units are scaled to 10 typographic points i e to 10 72 of an inch You can define the UPM size for your font on the Font Info gt Metrics and Dimensions on page 324 page In typical fonts the UPM size is 1 000 units and that the uppercase letter H is around 700 units high If you set some text in your font at 10 pt size the 10 pt will correspond to the UPM size that is 1 000 units This means that your uppercase letter H will be 7 pt high In a different font the uppercase letter H can be 80
210. ou can rotate glyphs around the origin point around the reference point around the center of the glyph s bounding box or you can specify a point that will be used as the center of rotation To specify the reference point drag the glyph s origin point in the Glyph window Here is an example of the same rotation transformation around different center points SSS 303 304 Slant Current action Slant glyph Slant angle 12 Slant to the right Slant to the left Slant center Origin point 0 0 This action slants glyphs It is the quickest way to make an oblique version of your font Apply this transformation to all the font s glyphs and correct the Font Info settings to let the operating system know that this font is now oblique Here is a sample of Slant transformation Sample is slanted 12 degrees to the right and text is slanted 30 degrees left les Contour Direction Current action Set contour direction Set direction to PostScript black on the left Set direction to TrueType black on the right lena Reverse all contours a This action automatically detects the direction of contours and corrects them according to the option selected PostScript if you re working in PostScript curves and intend to generate the font as Type 1 or OpenType PS or TrueType if you re working in TrueType curves and intend to generate the font as TrueType or OpenType TT
211. ove the mouse cursor onto the place on the segment that you want to move 2 Hold down the left mouse button You will see a small color point that will show you the temporary point that you are moving 3 Drag the mouse and observe how the shape of the curve changes After a few experiments which can be undone you will have enough experience to use this method of editing Several notes that you should remember 1 Innon node editing guiding objects are not sticky So temporary points do not snap to the grid guidelines hints or anything else 2 Ifyou choose a temporary point near one of the ends of a curve you will move that end not just change the curve s shape This is a useful method to locate a curve s endpoints 3 When you hold down the left mouse button to begin non node editing you will see that the final nodes of the curve as well as the control vectors appear simplifying the editing of this segment 4 Ifyou want to highlight the line or curve but do not want to modify it hold down the Comman key while clicking on the line or curve If you drag a point on a curve its control vectors may change direction Ko i To fix the direction of the control vectors hold down the Option key and double click on the node You will see the connection mark turn yellow Option double click on it again to remove the fixed state Alternatively you can right click on the node and use the Fixed BCP Direction op
212. ow Layers Grid cCmd 5hift G IT Show Layers Guidelines Cmd Shift L af Show Layers Hints Cmd Shift H RS Show Layers Mask A Show Layers Nodes Cmd Shift N eee Show Layers Vertical Metrics Show rulers d gt Simplify Path Y7 Slant Show glyph s metrics and baseline E In the Category popup menu select a group of commands and use the list of commands as a source of toolbar buttons just drag the commands from the list onto toolbars 33 34 Customizing Menus To see the list of menus switch the Customize dialog to the Menus mode Customize Toolbars F A Search If you want to create a new menu click on the button below the list of menus A new menu appears and you can start adding commands to it by drag dropping them from the list at the left You may drag drop commands and whole submenus from one menu to another rename menus or commands delete menus or commands To add separator use the button With the Customize dialog not only can you customize the main menu but also most of the context menus which appear when you Crri click or right click TypeTool windows Choose a context menu in the Select menu popup iSelect menu gt Application Men Glyph Window gt File Font Window l gt Edit Preview Window le View Preview Text Contour Metrics Editor A menu appears on screen and you can customize it by dragging commands from the list at the left Note Some TypeTool
213. own the left mouse button anywhere in the empty area and drag the mouse to surround the nodes with a rectangle Hold down the SHIFT key to reverse the selection state of the nodes To select or deselect individual nodes Suirt click on them To select the contour segment line or curve Suirt click on it To select the whole contour double click on the contour not the node or press the Command key and click anywhere on the empty area close to the contour Hold down the Suirtr key to reverse the selection state of the contour s nodes To select all the contours in a glyph use the Edit gt Select all command To deselect all nodes click somewhere in the free space of the editing field or use the Edit gt Deselect command To reverse the selection state of all nodes in the glyph use the Edit gt Invert Selection command 195 196 Using the Magic Wand Tool With the Magic Wand you can easily and precisely select contours It is especially useful when you are working with glyphs that have many contours such as Far Eastern ideographs To select the contour with the Magic Wand tool activate the tool press the 4 key on the keyboard and click anywhere near the contour You do not need to be precise TypeTool will automatically locate the closest contour To reverse the selection state of the contour hold down the Suirr key and click anywhere near it You can also select a contour and all contours that are inside it
214. p position or choose the Names mode from the Mode context menu bottom position The Encoding combo box top position or Encoding context menu bottom position shows the encoding table currently assigned to the font When you open the combo box context menu you will see many encodings that are installed and available in TypeTool In the bottom position of the Font Window command bar the encodings are shown in groups An encoding table performs one of two functions e Type 1 encoding table e glyph arrangement table As a Type 1 encoding table an encoding table is used as the source of the character encoding in Type 1 fonts or in some rare cases TrueType fonts As a glyph arrangement table type designers use an encoding table to visually arrange glyphs in a particular order during the design process of a font Type 1 TrueType or OpenType Such a glyph arrangement table can be used as a visual map for the font family so the designer knows what glyphs need to be designed in all members of the family this way you will not miss an important glyph There is no visual distinction in the Encodings list between Type 1 encoding tables and glyph arrangement tables Any encoding table can theoretically serve either function In order in TypeTool the same user interface element the encoding tables serve two different purposes 97 98 An encoding table is either a sequential list of glyph names or maps local character cod
215. parate families Press this button to open a context menu where you can select one of the additional font styles Only TrueType fonts use this information but we recommend you always set it properly to simplify future font identification Contains complete style information about the font We recommend that you fill in the Weight Width and Italic data to automatically generate this field using the Build Style Name button and edit this field if necessary Press this button to automatically generate the Style Name field Style names are based on the Width Weight and Italic information PostScript name This name will be used by a PostScript print driver to reference the font Do not include spaces in this name More detailed font name It may include spaces as well as any other glyphs this is the name that is exposed to users when the font is installed in Windows The name used to access the font in applications This name must not include style information bold italic or similar The length of this field is limited to 27 characters for TrueType or single master Type 1 fonts and to 7 characters for Multiple Master fonts To ensure that the current Menu name is made properly press the Check button This name is used by the Mac OS to organize fonts into font families Windows does not use it We recommend you fill in this name if you plan to port your font to Mac by TypeTool for Mac or TransType Click on this button to automatical
216. pmost line of lowercase glyphs usually the topmost line of the b glyph The same as Typo Ascender but for the lowest line Usually it is equal to the bottom line of the glyph p Typographically correct line gap value distance between bottom line of the upper line of text and top line of the lower line of text OS 2 This value defines the topmost line of all important glyphs in the font Important glyphs are all non exceptional glyphs For example if most of the glyphs have the topmost position at 900 font units and one not often used glyph has it at 1300 font units it is a good idea to set WinAscent at 900 units Note that in most cases portions of the glyphs that are above the WinAscent value will not appear on the screen or print on some printers Please note that WinAscent is NOT a typography ascender usually measured as the topmost line of lowercase glyphs It is mostly a technical parameter used by the rasterizer to allocate vertical space to render glyphs OS 2 The same as WinAscent but for the lowest line of all normal glyphs hhea This value is used by the Mac OS in about the same situation as Windows uses the WinAscent value from the OS 2 table to define the topmost position of all important glyphs hhea In short the Macintosh version of the Windows WinDescent parameter If there are any pixels below this line the glyph will be squashed in the vertical direction to match metrics defined
217. ps The standard ligatures layout feature abbreviated liga can replace some letter combinations with ligatures Effluent Effluent Ligature The old style numerals layout feature abbreviated onum can replace lining figures with old style figures 12345 12345 Old Style Numerals OpenType Layout features can serve typographic purposes like shown above In this case applications such as Adobe InDesign Adobe Illustrator CS Adobe Photoshop CS Apple Pages or Apple Keynote on Mac OS X 10 4 offer the user some user interface to turn selected features on an off OpenType Layout features also play a crucial role in rendering complex scripts i e writing systems such as Arabic Devanagari or Thai These writing systems have complex rules for displaying characters For example Arabic uses different forms of letters if a letter is found at the beginning in the middle or at the end of the word Also complex scripts often use vowel marks that are positioned dynamically over consonant letters In all these cases the layout features contain mapping rules that are automatically applied by the layout application Note that not all layout applications offer the same level of OpenType support For example Microsoft Word 2003 for Windows supports complex script layout features for Arabic and Devanagari but does not support Western typographic layout features Adobe InDesign CS2 U S English and Apple Keynote on Mac OS X support Western typog
218. ps to align the outline Guidelines Horizontal vertical and or diagonal guidelines Hints Type 1 hints pairs of vertical or horizontal lines set at a fixed distance Mask Outline template Background Bitmap background Glyph metrics Glyph metrics left and right sidebearings and a baseline Vertical Vertical font metrics such as ascender descender or cap metrics height Global Mask Global font wide mask You can control the layers appearance and features with the View menu Show layers Lists all layers and a few other options and lets you switch them on or off You cannot switch off hide the Outline layer Lock layers Lists the layers that you can lock to protect from accidental modification E g if the Outline layer is locked you will not be able to add move or delete any nodes or change any curves Snap to layers Controls which layers have the snap to feature activated If you frequently need to switch some layers on and off you can use the View gt Toolbars menu to open the Show Layers toolbar G Show Layers ai n e BeAr The same operation is possible with the Lock Layers toolbar Lock Layers Ta ta d aa hA In the following sections we will describe all the editing layers and their modification and control 149 150 Outline Layer The Outline layer is the most important of all the layers It stores information about the glyph shape while all the other TypeTool editing layers and m
219. quest to the MyFonts database 314 If you are connected to the Internet MyFonts will give back with a list of font names if any that include the name you entered Select one of the fonts and click on the Preview button or double click on the font name to see a Sample of the font in the sample box below the list The sample image is downloaded from MyFonts http www myfonts com so it may take some time depending on the speed of your Internet connection You can modify the contents of the sample string in the editing field below the sample window By default it has the standard Quick brown fox sentence but you can enter anything there The button will open a browser window with the currently selected font presented in full detail A si o Nimbus Sans L L Regular 1 Test Drive MyFonts f Pel CEET Hiwera smeptonits co com fonts urw nimbus sans t regular test CH Test Drive r Stele Demis Chear Hap Tesi Drira j i L i J Nimbus Sans L Yoe ae rej ged hl Regular DA a8 peis PE Type your text here Change Sample Text Your Text Here Apa i Testimornigh fall toy Fors Become an Ampe She Hip She dn Mytorcs com inc 244 Fini Spett iM Finer Cimbidis FA fie USA PAP On and fomes com are PORES Tajemna of Hafen bc WiC TRE Oe el Serie we ademais of HF com ine Gappa D H bo Myon be PRIVACY POLICY There is also a Buy Me button click on it if you wan
220. raphic layout features but do not support any complex script layout features Adobe InDesign CS Middle East edition supports Western and Arabic layout features but does not support Devanagari Information about using OpenType fonts can be found at http www myfonts com info opentype http store adobe com type opentype Information about developing OpenType fonts can be found at http www microsoft com typography SpecificationsOverview mspx http www microsoft com typography developers opentype http partners adobe com public developer opentype Probably the best thing about OT features is that they do not change the source string of characters To explain this we need to again talk about the character glyph model The source text that you type on the keyboard or get from another source is a sequence of characters that have strong links to the codes that the computer uses to store data The image of the text that you see on the screen is a sequence of glyph images It is important to understand that there is not necessarily a one to one relationship between character and glyph it is possible to have a single glyph used as the image for more than one character Latin A and Cyrillic A for instance are different characters but use the same glyph and sometimes you may have more than one glyph serving a single character 365 366 Please remember this key OpenType principle the OpenType Layout engine
221. rawing in a white area a black brush will be selected if in black a white brush will be selected Line Tool The Line tool l allows you to apply brushes to straight line segments To draw a line segment 1 Position the mouse cursor on the beginning point and hold down the mouse button 2 Move the mouse to the end point and release the button Hold down the Suirt key to constrain the direction of the line to 15 degree increments 191 192 Polygon Tool The Polygon tool can be used in two modes as a tool to drawa polygon consisting of lines and curves or as a tool to draw an outline of a polygon with a selected brush The second mode can be treated as a series of applications of the line tool The mode of the polygon tool can be selected in the Paint Options dialog box To draw a polygon using the Polygon tool 1 Select the Polygon tool in the Paint toolbar Be sure that the Polygon tool is in the polygon mode Move the mouse cursor to the first point of the polygon and click the mouse button Move the mouse cursor to the position of the next polygon point To add a line segment click the mouse button To add a curve segment press the Tas key click the mouse button and drag the mouse to define the control vector of a curve Hold down the Suirr key to constrain the direction of the control vectors to 15 degree increments If the polygon in its present state is finished by a curve the next segment
222. re either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and or other countries IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation Other brand or product names are the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders THIS PUBLICATION AND THE INFORMATION HEREIN IS FURNISHED AS IS IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS A COMMITMENT BY FONTLAB LTD FONTLAB LTD ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS OR INACCURACIES MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EXPRESS IMPLIED OR STATUTORY WITH RESPECT TO THIS PUBLICATION AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS This document was created by Fontlab Lid http www fontlab com Contents CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Major new features of TypeTool 3 0 Other key features of TypeTool About this Manual System Requirements TYPETOOL USER INTERFACE Basic Terms Character Glyph Font Encoding Font Family Glyph name Menu Folders and Paths Mouse Context Menu Getting Started Customizing TypeTool s User Interface Customizing Toolbars Customizing Menus Customization of the Keyboard Faster Method to Customize Commands Links to External Programs TypeTool Windows Font Window Glyph Window Metrics Window Panels 11 13 14 15 17 TypeTool Options General Opti
223. re accepted Automatic Metrics Generation TypeTool can automatically define glyph metrics using a special algorithm This algorithm usually produces good results but we recommend manual editing for the best results To automatically generate glyph metrics switch the window to the Metrics mode and select the Auto command in the Tools local menu of the Metrics Window or in the context menu The Automatic Metrics Generation dialog box appears Automatic Metrics Generation You want to generate metrics for All characters in current string How tight spacing should be Medium Custom metrics gt 30 HM 30 When do you want to keep existing metrics if new metrics will differ not more than How much must the shape of glyphs inflate to generate metrics Medium This dialog box includes two areas Area of application and Parameters In the first area you select the glyph s to which the automatic algorithm will be applied 283 284 The possible choices are Current character This option is the default if any glyph is selected in the only editing area All glyphs in the This option generates metrics for all glyphs in the current current string string in the editing area Whole font This forces TypeTool to generate metrics for all glyphs in the font and is not generally recommended This operation is no
224. reate a PFM Printer Font Metrics file when exporting a Type 1 font PFM files are used in Windows to install Type 1 fonts They contain metrics kerning and partially font header information On Windows you cannot install a Type 1 font without a PFM file If you have Adobe Type Manager 4 1 it can automatically generate a PFM file based on an AFM and INF file but in general we recommend leaving this option on at all times Switch this option on to make AFM Adobe Font Metrics and INF font INFormation files when exporting a Type 1 font These files are text files and contain descriptions of the font metrics kerning and header font names weight width encoding and other information It is possible to install a Type 1 font with Adobe Type Manager if you do not have the PFM file but do have the AFM and INF files because ATM will automatically build the PFM file using data from the AFM and INF files The AFM file is necessary to install a Type 1 font in ASCII form with pfa extension in most Unix based operating systems To install an exported Type 1 font in Windows you must have the PFM or at least AFM INF files We recommend making all these files when you finally produce a font so that your font will be compatible with various environments The dialog has a list of possible encoding options when a Type 1 font is generated Always write custom encoding Always write Standard Encoding Export Unicode codepage i
225. rection from top to bottom To define a vertical glyph advance vector hold down the Suirr key while moving the base line 235 236 Hints Layer Hints are used by the font rasterizer to improve a glyph s appearance on devices with low output resolution like computer monitors or low res printers There are two hinting methods applied to Type 1 fonts hints for True Type fonts are always generated automatically font level hinting and glyph level hinting Font level hinting is generated automatically in TypeTool so you do not have to edit it manually In the Glyph Window you can see Type 1 glyph level hints Glyph level hinting is applied to the glyphs stems Vertical stems Horizontal stem All important stems in a glyph should have stem hints a pair of vertical or horizontal lines The information in the hint includes not just the position of each of the two lines that build the hint but also the position of one major line and the width of the hint You can declare stem hints in TypeTool by dragging them and modifying their width Because hints in TypeTool are very intelligent they automatically snap to the contour minimising your work In most cases the autohinting algorithm that is included in TypeTool produces good results usually not any worse than the results of manual hinting Editing Hints Editing hints is very similar to editing guidelines You can add new hints through the ruler bar of t
226. ring of the first glyph in a pair should be horizontally shifted when the glyph is followed by a specified second glyph In the example above the advance width of the A glyph may be 400 units and the advance width of the v glyph 250 units The kerning pair A v 50 defines that if A is followed by v the advance width of A should be reduced by 50 units A typical problem of the plain kerning pair list approach is that for accented glyphs many duplicate pairs need to be included in the font The pairs Av Av Av etc usually should be kerned by the same amount yet each of them needs to be included separately in the font otherwise it will not be kerned This results in rather large tables that unnecessary increase the size of the font and may hamper the performance of some applications Therefore in OpenType fonts a more sophisticated kerning approach called class based kerning has been developed to help address this problem Vertical Glyph Metrics When typing text in some Asian languages it is often necessary to specify the vertical alignment of glyphs in the text In this case information about the vertical glyph metrics is stored in the font file xe Usually all Chinese J apanese or Korean glyphs written in vertical layout have the same vertical advance width called the vertical advance vector so only the position of the glyph within the rectangular glyph cell
227. rinted and set the size of text Note that metrics information is printed only when larger sizes are selected Set other printing options Word wrap If this option is on TypeTool will wrap words when printing Fill outlines If this option is on characters will be printed filled Apply kerning If this option is on and the kerning is defined for the font the text will be printed kerned Print kerning If this option is on and the kerning is defined TypeTool values will print kerning values Print metrics If this option is on and the text size is large enough the data values of the glyph advance width and sidebearings will be printed Print underline If this option is on the text will be printed underlined 337 338 4 Click on Print You will see the standard Macintosh Print dialog box Printout of the font sample with default printing options TPETOGL FONT SAMPLE Monotype Typography Inc Fo nt Arial Black AEAN ing Tie gakk brows feo jamps over the lary dog Page 1 1 The quick brown fo x jumps over the la zy dog Printing Glyph Sample To print the glyph sample 1 Select the Print command in the File menu or click on the button in the Standard toolbar and select the Glyph Sample item at the left of the Printing dialog box Printing Giyph sample b Font Tabi E Prini single glyph J Print all glyphs in a text string S bect ghyph to print Fry A ia T Choose glyph ii Printing options if
228. rom current Position HA To change the position of the baseline 1 Select the base level of the modification It can be the old position for relative offset the top of the glyph the bottom of the glyph the top sidebearing or the bottom sidebearing 2 Change the position of the baseline relative to the base level 3 Press the Enter key or click anywhere in the editing field to apply the changes Metrics Properties Panel To open the metrics property panel position the mouse cursor on the left or right glyph margin Crru click and select the Properties command or COMMAND Click on one of the margins Metrics Properties Glyph metrics we 6 G15 la 4 In this panel you can modify a glyph s sidebearings and or advance width 231 232 Mask Layer When you need something more than guidelines or a grid to help with glyph editing you can use the mask layer The mask layer is an outline that is created with the same segments as the glyph s outline It appears in the Glyph Window as a dashed outline and the glyph s nodes stick to the mask You can think of the mask as a freeform guideline The mask layer is very useful when you want to use glyphs of one font as a template for another font For example you can put the sans serif version of the typeface into the mask layer while you are working on the serif version in the outline layer The mask layer can be filled by copying th
229. ropean 99 CFF flavored 73 character 20 93 codes 90 mapping standard 90 moving 111 Character set 331 351 Microsoft 331 OEM 331 ShiftJIS 331 Symbol 331 CJKV 131 Clipboard 116 118 225 closepath 155 cmap 73 codepage 73 330 custom 102 double byte 105 Codepages mode 39 96 102 colors customization 62 Component 243 Adding 241 composite 64 glyphs 240 Connections 158 159 Context Menu 28 109 180 264 continuous 108 Contours 154 convert curve to vector 178 converting fonts 353 copy 200 copying glyphs 116 Copyright 318 Corel Draw 246 creating glyphs 121 139 Creating New Glyphs 139 cubic b splines 156 curve 156 168 171 178 customization 31 customizing colors 275 keyboard 35 links 37 menus 34 toolbars 32 Cyrillic 90 99 Czech 90 D decompose 64 decomposing 240 242 deleting curves 171 glyphs 122 nodes 171 Descender 325 327 Designer 319 Double Byte Codepages 105 131 drag and drop 57 78 117 Duplicate 200 374 E echo 59 166 Edit mode 144 145 Edit tool 145 editing fonts 75 guidelines 219 hints 237 kerning 285 mask 233 metrics 230 278 underline 276 Editing Field 136 Editing Fonts 38 40 139 Editing Metrics 38 encoding 22 25 97 330 imported 64 99 modes 87 89 options 73 330 standards 90 tables 99 331 English 90 EPS 14 56 246 247 250 Eraser 145 172 Estonian 90 exporting font 68
230. rueType OpenType tables Store custom TrueType OpenType tables Typically TrueType fonts have UPM Units Per eM the size of the grid on which all glyph coordinates are defined equal to 2048 Type 1 fonts have UPM equal to 1000 You can change the UPM value at any time using the TypeTool commands but if you turn this option on UPM will be converted during the font import When enabled all composite glyphs will be automatically decomposed Refer to the previous section for more information about automatic decomposition Note When TypeTool opens TrueType OpenType TT fonts with rotated or slanted components it will always decompose them Some TrueType fonts have additional tables that are not a part of the TrueType or OpenType specification If you want to read these tables and have them written in an unchanged form into the generated font enable this option TrueType OpentType TT These settings only apply when you open a TrueType OpenType TT ttf font but not an OpenType PS otf font Opening OpenType TT TrueType ttf _ Convert TrueType curves into PostScript curves vi Store TrueType native hinting Autohint font Convert TrueType curves into PostScript curves Store TrueType native hinting Autohint font In TypeTool you can work with PostScript B zier curves or TrueType quadratic curves If you open a TrueType OpenType TT font and plan to generate the font in the same format disable th
231. s will be saved in FontLab format vfb extension to the folder where the original font was opened If this option in the General Options gt Open amp Save page of the Preferences dialog box is active W Create backup files TypeTool will save the previous version of your font in the same folder as the currently saved vfb file but will use the bak file extension instead If you would like to go back and open the previous backup version of your vfb file use File gt Open navigate to the folder in that you saved your file and type in bak in the File name field then press ENTER You will then see the backup file and will be able to open it If you are working with a new font or you want to select the destination folder or change the name of the file use the File gt Save As command Please note that you cannot save fonts with more than 65 535 glyphs If you try to save a bigger font you will see a warning message that will recommend splitting a font into smaller parts 113 After you select File gt Save As in the menu you will see the standard File Save dialog box niii m TestFonts rl FontLlab Studia ACasionP Regular oti TestFonts ARIALUNI TTF BaltiC otf BaltiCBol ott BaltiClta ott BPirates TTF Caslon ott DECORC__ afm DECORC__ inf DECORC__ PFE DECORC__ pfm FLCaslon dfont FOOD TTF freefontpro vib Georgia ort New Folder Choose the destination folder enter the file name and
232. s all options to the factory defaults Applies the changes without closing the dialog box Many interface changes become visible immediately in the corresponding windows Closes the dialog box without applying changes Applies the changes and closes the dialog box 53 54 General Options User interface Sample text to show in File Open dialog ABRaeg 123 wi Panels can stick to each other wi Show tooltips Sample text The font previews in the Open and Generate dialog boxes use the string specified here to preview the font Panels can stick to Allows all the panels stick to either side of the screen and to each other each other so you can easily arrange them to create the most comfortable environment Show tooltips Allows you to switch on and off the button tooltips Open and Save If you want to protect yourself from system or program crashes you can use the Autosave function that will periodically save the current font Save and Backup _ Autosave fonts every 10 minutes Rd Create backup files Use the check box to activate Autosave and enter the time interval in minutes at which you want to save the font The font will be saved into the Autosave folder within the Application user data folder and will be named using the following structure flsX save vfb where fls are the first 3 letters of Font Name and the X is some unique value If Autosave was active and you have a system or program crash you
233. s button in the top right area of the Glyph window Leon Hh Below the default top location of the Local toolbar and at the left of the window you may see rulers that are used to preview positions of various structures in the glyph space You may switch the rulers on and off with the View gt Rulers command or using the context menu that appears if you right click one of the rulers 137 138 Selecting a Glyph for Editing You can open a glyph in the Glyph Window using any of the following methods Double click on the glyph s cell in the Font Window to open it i i DLE ah If you already have an open Glyph Window with a glyph from the same font the new glyph will be opened in the same Glyph Window where the previous glyph was shown Hold down the Commanp key when you double click on the glyph cell to open it in a separate Glyph Window Note that if this method does not work it usually means that it is switched off in the Font Window s options in the Preferences dialog box You can force TypeTool to always open a glyph for editing in a new Glyph Window Use the Double click on opens a new window option in the Options gt Font Window page to activate this feature Click the right mouse button in the Font Window and select the Open Glyph Window command to open the glyph in a separate Glyph Window The lock button allows direct keyboard access to glyphs in your font If the button shows a closed lock single letter ke
234. s commands appearing in context popup menus will not work when placed in the main menu Customization of the Keyboard While in the Customize dialog box you can select the command which you want to customize Choose the commands category in the Category popup menu and the command itself in the list below Click on the El button below the list or just double click the command and the Edit Keystrokes dialog will appear Edit keystrokes Command Show Layers Glyph Metrics Show glyph s metrics and baseline Assigned keystrokes New keystroke Cancel In the Assigned keystrokes list you will see the list of keyboard shortcuts currently defined for that command The button at the right of the list allows removal of one of the existing shortcuts 35 36 To define a new keyboard shortcut position the cursor on the editing field below the New Keystroke label New keystroke When the caret is in position just press the combination of keys that you want to assign A description of that combination will appear in the editing field and you can click the Assign Y button to assign that combination to the currently selected command Click on OK to close the dialog and save changes to keyboard shortcuts Note Some TypeTool s commands appearing in context popup menus cannot be evoked by keyboard To print a list of all TypeTool commands with their shortcuts press the Print button Press the Reset All button
235. s of perestroika on the type vending market Until that time font creation was a domain exclusive to traditional well established large font foundries With Fontographer the process of creating type was laid into the hands of an average graphic designer In its first years this democratization of font making resulted in an outburst of experimental post modernist typefaces that are today long forgotten But the new generation of type designers gradually matured and so did their tools In the early 1990s Apple introduced the TrueType font format and the Unicode Consortium published the Unicode Standard Both initiatives laid the foundations for multilingual text processing and were subsequently implemented in Microsoft Windows and Mac OS In 1993 a group of Russian developers from St Petersburg led by Yuri Yarmola created FontLab for Windows which was to become Fontographer s main competitor on the font editor market In the 1990s Altsys merged with Macromedia which released Fontographer 4 1 4 for Mac in 1996 In 1997 98 the developers of FontLab released a series of new products TypeTool a basic font editor ScanFont that allowed designers to quickly convert scanned artwork into fonts and finally FontLab 3 0 a professional font editor that boasted native Unicode support and sophisticated TrueType hinting 12 The turn of the millennium brought about OpenType a significant initiative that unified PostScript TrueType and Unicode
236. s referenced from the font suitcase Suitcases in Mac OS X may be stored in a data fork of a file which usually has dfont extension in this case TypeTool has a special dialog to compose and export Macintosh Suitcases the Save Macintosh Suitcase dialog You can group several open fonts to collect them in a new destination suitcase To build a proper suitcase one must fill in the fonts Font Info fields properly described in full detail in the Before you generate on page 349 section Building Font Suitcases To save a font in traditional suitcase based Mac Type 1 or TrueType format use the File gt Generate Suitcase command You will see a special Save Macintosh Suitcase dialog box Save Macintosh Suitcase r E FreeFontPro gD Plain FreeFontPro inked to file FreeFonPro Al EO FreeFontPre tali gt Q sold italic Select destination format i Macintosh Type 1 The Save Macintosh Suitcase dialog box consists of 4 parts a toolbar on the top a list in the middle an options area and three buttons at the bottom In the simplest case you can just click on the OK button and get a font but usually some management is needed By default the list already contains a suitcase that will be generated from the font that was active when you select the File gt Generate Suitcase command Click on the triangle on the left of the suitcase icon to see its contents If you feel
237. s you will get printed Choose information for the cells caption This option is similar to the caption context menu in the Font window 335 336 5 Select whether to print glyph index in every cell or not and click on OK You will see the standard Macintosh Print dialog box that will ask you to choose a printer and modify the printer settings Print Printer XEROOOOf0a1b033 Copies amp Pages Copies 1 Collated Pages All O From 1 to 3 Preview Save As PDF Fax Cancel In this dialog you can choose the range of pages you want to print When you click on the Print button TypeTool will print a font table containing samples for all font glyphs Printout of the font chart TYPETOOL FONT TABLE Monotype Typograpiry int Font Arial Black yer i Ce a a es re E a SUMO CEUNBOREEY pars TuvwxYztii Printing Font Sample To print the current font sample 1 Select the Print command in the File menu or click on the button in the Standard toolbar and select the Font Sample item at the left of the Printing dialog box Priming Font sample Foot Table A text fo print The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dag Font tampe H 3 K D f a The quick brown fox Cape STs Text size 48 B E Word Wrap Print right to left A Fill ounlines a Apply bering _ Print kerning values Print metrics data _ Print underline At the right type the text you want to be p
238. sing a font for a desired glyph to rearranging and remapping the font to editing the Font info fields The following sections of this chapter will tell you how to use this window Y Names mode o Macs Roman The Font Window consists of the command bar at the bottom and a glyph table where a single cell represents each glyph Each cell has a caption at the top that shows some identification information it may be the name of the glyph its code in various forms or some other glyph information 83 84 gt Tip You can change the font size used to display the caption in Preferences gt Font Window gt Glyph Cell The Font Window command bar has two alternate forms it can be placed either at the top or at the bottom of the Font Window Y Names mode Default Encoding Default Encoding a mi You can switch between the top and the bottom location of the command bar by clicking on this button in the top right corner of the Font Window The left combo box located on the Font Window command bar if in top position or the Caption context menu in the bottom position lets you select one of the caption modes None index Width Decimal Hex Octal ANSI Depending on the selection a different text string will appear in the caption Name The glyphname the so called PostScript name of the glyph Unicode The Unicode codepoint assigned to the glyph in hexadecimal form Index The glyph index
239. sition the mouse cursor on the line hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse Release the left mouse button when you are done To drag a glyph within the editing area position the mouse cursor on the glyphs image hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse to position the glyph inside its advance width Press and hold down the right mouse button while dragging the mouse to modify the glyph s advance width You can also modify the vertical position of the glyph relative to its baseline Hold down the Suirt key on the keyboard while dragging the glyph 279 280 Using the Keyboard When the glyph is active you can use the keyboard to adjust the metrics Left and right Moves the glyph by one font unit inside the sidebearings without arrow keys changing the advance width Hold down the SHIFT key to move the glyph by 10 font units Command left Moves the glyph together with the right sidebearing This changes and right arrow the left sidebearing and the advance width Hold down the SHIFT keys key to move by 10 font units at each keystroke Page Up Moves to the previous glyph in the sample line Page Down Moves to the next glyph in the sample line Any character Selects the character you have typed as the current character for or digit editing You can also enter the glyph name if you want to access glyphs that are not assigned to any key combination Command and Moves to the next and previous glyphs in the font
240. t gt Paste command you can use the Append command from the Font window context menu to add glyphs from the Clipboard to the font When TypeTool appends glyphs it respects the glyph names and Unicode codepoints so on the first attempt glyphs will be placed in the expected code positions in the font Here is an example Your first font contains Latin glyphs but has no Cyrillic glyphs A second font is a Cyrillic font with the matching style and you want to add Cyrillic support to the first font 1 Select the Cyrillic glyphs in the second font this will be easy if you select the 1251 Cyrillic codepage and copy them to the Clipboard 2 Return to the first font right click on the Font window and click on the CAppenNg Syph command in the context menu Append ys Delete 3 The Cyrillic glyphs will be appended to the font with their correct Unicode codepoints and names so you will not have to remap the font aacute facrcum atilde adiereaY oring oe ecedila agrave eacute acute fcircunfidieresil ah ntilds ograve alalalalalalelclelelele i pili i Lola minus notdeFl js afitoro E Be A Ble ir lale hs ulkim H o LP polalelele l ba eleke le kaleta leale Lel Copying Composite Glyphs If you copy composite glyphs instead of having their own outlines composite glyphs are built from references to other glyph outlines to another font TypeTool will try to not decompose replace references to glyph wi
241. t once position the mouse cursor on the selection click the left mouse button press the COMMAND and OpTIoN keys and drag the selection to the place where you want it to be duplicated Remember that you need to hold down the Commanp and OpTIoN keys when you release the left mouse button You can later correct Unicode codepoints assigned to the glyph by using the Rename Glyph dialog or the Glyph Properties panel described later Creating New Glyphs If you want to create a new glyph in an empty place in the font a grey cell in the Font window double click on the cell If you are creating glyphs in the yellow zone names and Unicode codepoints are assigned to the newly created glyphs according to the selected encoding table By default the newly created glyphs will be blank and will have a default advance width If possible TypeTool will also place the grey glyph template image into the bitmap Background layer You can use it as reference for drawing your glyphs 121 122 Deleting Glyphs To remove glyphs from the font 1 Select the glyphs that you want to remove 2 Select the Delete command from the Edit menu or from the context menu Or press the DELETE key on the keyboard 3 A dialog box appears asking you if you are sure that you want to delete Note 1 Deleting glyphs from the font is not undoable so save your work before deleting glyphs Note 2 Some glyphs may have a blue mark in the top left corn
242. t a metrics file alone you can always do so by using the Metrics Window Press the button on the Metrics Window toolbar The standard Save File dialog box appears Save Save As freefontpro afm tt sS Where TestFonts Format Adobe Font Metrics HH l Save the INF file when AFM is saved Cancel x j Select the destination format AFM or PFM and the destination directory Enter the file name and press the Save button to save the metrics file You may choose whether to save the font information inf file along with the afm metrics file or not 293 Printing Metrics While you are in the Metrics Window you can print sample strings with or without metrics and kerning information To do so select the Print command in the File menu Choose the Font Sample page Font sample Fone Table A tek Do print hamburgewona a hamburgevons Chyph Soria Text size 72 f _ Word wrap Print right to left w Fii guling Wi apol kerning nl Print kerning wales wt Print metrics data Print undertine 4 m Dee You will see that the A text to print field is populated with the sample string from the Metrics window Select other appropriate options and click on Print to print the sample Check the Printing and Proofing Fonts on page 333 chapter for more printing options 294 Actions In TypeTool you can transform glyphs in many ways You can edit glyphs and their metrics manually using t
243. t between the Ascender and the Baseline Baseline of the font Bitmap height for Allows you to set the bitmap size in pixels that will be the Create Bitmap created when the user chooses Tools gt Background gt command Create Higher values will give you a more high fidelity bitmap rendition of your glyph but will result in larger vfb files Please refer to the Importing and Exporting Glyphs on page Error Bookmark not defined section of the Glyph Window chapter for more information about using the first option Font Window The options on the Font Window page control display aspects of the Font Window and define how certain commends work Font window M Double click opens Glyph Window Double click opens a new window Mi Enable d rag and drop Sorting glyphs that are out of encoding Unnamed unencoded first Double click on opens Glyph Window Double click on opens a new window Enable drag and drop If enabled double click on a glyph cell in the Font Window opens a Glyph Window If disabled double click on does not yield any action If this option is enabled each double click on a cell on a glyph cell in the Font Window opens a new Glyph Window If disabled and there is already a Glyph Window open the glyph that the user double click on will be displayed in the existing Glyph Window This option works only if the previous option is enabled When enabled drag and drop operations w
244. t to buy the font 315 316 How to Make a Font Family Fonts on Windows may only include only 4 styles in a family These styles are Regular Bold Italic and Bold Italic If you have more than four styles in your Type 1 or TrueType typeface for Windows you must create several families You may put all condensed styles into a Condensed or Narrow sub family like Arial Narrow Arial Narrow Bold Arial Narrow Italic all black styles into a Black sub family Arial Black Arial Black Italic and all normal styles in the Normal sub family Arial Arial Italic Arial Bold and Arial Bold Italic Brief families on Windows with no more than 4 styles per family Font Font style yee oC ee A Regular FreeFontFo Black O FreeFontPro Cond Bold O FreeFontPro Cond Ela Bold Italic Font Font style Regular Italic Bald Bold Italic Le ies eee A G FreeFontPro Black a O FreeFontPro Cond O FreeFontPro Cond Bla Mac Type 1 fonts and OpenType fonts TT or PS on Mac OS and within OpenType savvy applications can contain an arbitrary number of styles within one family To make OpenType fonts TT or PS cross platform compatible you have to create only families with up to 4 styles as described above in TypeTool In an OpenType font the brief Windows family naming should be devised on the Basic set of font names page 317 318 Copyright Information Created by FontLab Ltd In
245. t undoable You can choose the parameters for the algorithm in the Parameters area of the Autometrics dialog box All the parameters are displayed We recommend that you experiment with various parameters using the autometrics application Editing Kerning To edit kerning data switch the Metrics Window to Kerning mode by clicking on the AY button on the Metrics Tools toolbar or select the Kerning command in the context menu that appears if you Crri click in the editing area of the Metrics Window When you switch to the kerning mode and the metrics property panel is visible you will see the total number of defined kerning pairs for the current font appears in the property area of the Metrics Window Pairs 112 To make the Kerning Editing controls visible you must select the pair that you want to edit Position the mouse cursor on the right glyph of the pair and click the mouse button You will see the Kerning Editing controls appear in the property area and the kerning line and handle appear in the editing area rt T Pairs 113 kerning 45 There is now a blue area in the metrics ruler This means that negative kerning exists for that pair in the current preview string If that area is bright yellow it means that kerning between the two glyphs is positive 285 286 Manual Kerning Editing To edit kerning manually drag the kerning line or right glyph of the kerning pair using the left mouse button If
246. tarting from the first selected glyph in the destination font If the destination position is occupied by existing glyphs a warning dialog box appears You have dropped glyphs at the places used by the glyphs with names listed below Keep replaced symbols under new names Cancel i i Leave Keep replaced glyphs under new names checked to save the glyphs I e put the new glyphs in the cells and move the existing glyphs to cells at the end of the encoding or clear it to replace them I e delete the existing glyphs If you select the Cut command instead of the Copy command the glyphs will be copied to the Clipboard but will be deleted from the source positions If you prefer to use the drag drop method to copy glyphs within a font window you may do this with the help of the Comman key To make a copy of a glyph select it you may select many glyphs at once position the mouse cursor on the selection hold down the mouse button press the COMMAND key and drag the selection to the place where you want it to be copied Remember that you need to hold down the Comman key when you release the mouse button Copying Glyphs to Another Font You can use two methods to copy glyphs from one font to another e Use the Copy and Paste commands from the Edit menu as described or e Dragthem to the other font and drop them there The drag drop method is easier and more visual 117 118 Appending Glyphs to the Font Instead of the Edi
247. tarting or ending node of the contour segments and use the Add Corner tool to connect them pe te T m n you will notice it takes more time to read the instructions than to actually perform the procedure 212 Contour related Commands You can find the commands described below in the Contour menu l Flip Horizontal Flip Vertical Merge Contours Get Intersection Set PS Direction Set TT Direction Reverse All Paths Curves to TrueType Curves to PostScript Correct Connections Join Broken Contours Close Open Contours Nodes at extremes Align to Guides Makes a mirror transformation in the horizontal direction This operation is applicable to a selection or to a whole outline if nothing is selected Makes a mirror transformation in the vertical direction This operation is applicable to a selection or to a whole outline if nothing is selected Combines all overlapping parts of the outline This operation and the two following operations are applied to all contours that have at least one node selected If nothing is selected they will be applied to the whole glyph Leaves only areas that are covered by at least two contours Sets the direction of all curves to PostScript curves black on the left Sets the direction of all curves to TrueType curves black on the right Reverses the direction of
248. te command from the Edit menu to paste the bitmap contents of the Clipboard to the background layer Remove Removes the contents of the background layer Move and Scale Activates the Bitmap Positioning operation described in the next section You can change the color which is used to render the bitmap background in the Glyph window on the Colors page of the Preferences dialog box described in the TypeTool Options on page 51 section Background Positioning This operation lets you set the size and position of the background layer Different sizes and positions of the bitmap background layer To set size and position of the background layer 1 Activate the Bitmap Positioning operation Select the Move and Scale command from the Tools gt Background menu or simply double click on the bitmap background while the Edit tool is active 2 You will see a control box surrounding the bitmap 3 Drag the handles in the corner of the control box to scale the background Hold the Suirr key to keep the proportions 4 Position the mouse inside the control box hold down the mouse button and drag the mouse to position the background 5 Press the ARROW or SHIFT ARROW keys to move the background Press the ENTER key on the keyboard to finish positioning the background or the Esc key to cancel changes 227 228 Outline Operations In TypeTool operations are temporary tools that let you modify your glyph Operations are activate
249. th actual glyph copies them Instead it will try to find matching components in the glyph set that was copied or if some components are not present there in the destination font If TypeTool can completely restore composites in the destination font it will even keep TrueType hinting programs for these glyphs Drag Drop of the Composite Glyphs If you prefer to use the drag drop method to copy composite glyphs you have one additional option when you drop a composite glyph and TypeTool finds that one or more of its components were not selected to copy and do not present in the destination font it shows a message asking you if you want to copy all the missing components If your answer is Copy then TypeTool will automatically append all the necessary components to the destination font so that all the composites stay unchanged Otherwise TypeTool will decompose glyphs Note The described behavior is possible only when both the source and destination fonts have the same Font UPM value 119 120 Duplicating Unicode codepoints In TypeTool you may assign more than one up to 63 actually Unicode codepoints to a glyph Visually this means that a glyph that has several Unicode codepoints will appear several times when the Codepages mode is selected in the Font window All copies of the glyph are marked by a small blue mark in the left top corner of the glyph cells To make a duplicate of a glyph select it you may select many glyphs a
250. that the polygon tool will try to add will be a curve To switch between adding a straight segment or a curve press the Tas key on the keyboard Repeat steps 3 and 4 for all points of the polygon CTRL Click or click the right mouse button to finish creating the polygon The Brush Trace mode of the polygon tool works just like the normal contour mode Ellipse and Rectangle Tools The Ellipse and Rectangle El tools are very similar The only difference is in the result To draw an ellipse or rectangle 1 2 Select the tool that you want to use Position the mouse cursor on the spot where you want to place one of the rectangle corners or on one of the corners of the rectangle that surrounds the ellipse If you hold down the Option key the mouse cursor will become the center of a rectangle or ellipse Hold down the mouse button and drag the mouse to define the rectangle or ellipse Hold down the Suirr key to draw a square or a circle Release the button to finish creating the rectangle ellipse 193 194 Text Tool With the Text tool you can add text to a glyph Carefully select the color mode when planning to use the text tool It is usually best to use the Empty color because in that mode the text stroke will not interact with the existing contour and you will be able to adjust its position using the Edit tool or the Free Transform operation Select the Automatic Activation of Transform Operation
251. that you want to include in the font Switch to the Codepages mode and check several codepages If you are making a text font it should at least cover all glyphs from the MacOS Roman and the MS Windows 1252 Western ANSI codepages Remember that the Names mode uses glyph names and the Codepages mode uses Unicode codepoints to reference the glyphs Your font should have both the glyph names and the Unicode codepoints conform to published recommendations If any glyphs are present in the yellow zone in the Codepages mode but are missing from the yellow zone of the corresponding Encoding your glyph names may be incorrect Choose Glyph gt Rename Glyph to fix this problem If any glyphs are present in the yellow zone in the Encoding mode but are missing from the yellow zone of the corresponding Codepage your Unicode codepoints may be incorrect Choose Glyph gt Generate Unicode to fix this problem It is recommended that all fonts in your family have the same character set In Font Info on the Encoding and Unicode page click on the green Auto button If you are making non Western single codepage Type 1 fonts ora Symbol encoded TrueType font select the appropriate character sets from Microsoft Character Set and Mac script and FOND ID combo boxes 351 352 Glyphs Select all glyphs in the Font Window Edit gt Select All Choose Contour gt Correct Connections If you are making an OpenType PS or Typ
252. the lowercase glyphs Usually the height of the x glyph Actual italic or oblique angle for the font The italic angle is measured in the counterclockwise direction so the default value is 12 Type 1 fonts can be artificially slanted to get an oblique appearance while keeping the actual outlines upright Enter a slant angle value in degrees here and check the result in the Preview panel This is the position of the middle of the underline line in your font This is the thickness of the underline line 325 326 If you click on the Recalculate dimensions button TypeTool will automatically recalculate all the dimension values Ascender Descender and Type 1 fonts If you are making a Type 1 font you should set the Ascender and Descender values very carefully In Type 1 fonts these values are used very directly to calculate interline spacing It is usually necessary to set the Ascender value higher than actual height of the ascender b glyph to have some additional space between lines Advanced Vertical Metrics Calculate values automatically recommended Set custom values Current TT UPM size is 05 2 TypoAscender 752 hhea Ascender 9720 TypoDescender 280 Descender 277 TypoLineGap s2 LineGap 26 WinAscent 3 2 WinDescent 277 P Recalculate Strikeout position 290 Strikeout thickness 50 P Recalculate Average width 0 Leave zero in
253. the mouse button and drag the mouse The transformation rectangle will be slanted Hold down the Suirr key to constrain the Slant angle to 15 degree increments You can also use the slant handle for rotation press the Commanp key to alternate between rotate or Slant 3 To slant in vertical direction hold down the Comman key and drag the rotate handle 4 Release the button to accept the slanting Double click on in the editing field or press ENTER to accept the completed transformation or press the Esc key to reject it You can use the arrow keys while the Free Transform operation is active to move the selection by one font unit in the direction of the arrow key you pressed SHIFT ARROW keys move the selection by 10 font units at each keystroke COMMAND ARROW keys move the selection by 100 font units at each keystroke 207 208 Building an Outline from Blocks Now you know how to select parts of an outline and copy it so let s doa few experiments to show how to use this knowledge Suppose that we have an T glyph and we want to create an H glyph 1 Open the T in the Glyph Window double click on the T cell in the Font Window or browse the font with the arrow buttons 2 Cut the glyph in the middle Activate the Knife tool click the mouse button on the left of the glyph hold down the Option key on the keyboard and drag the mouse cursor to the right to define a cutting line Release the mouse button 4
254. the node and click the left mouse button The new node will appear in that place Release the right mouse button Using the Knife tool to insert nodes Activate the Knife tool 2 Click on the point on the contour where you want to insert a node Hold down the mouse button anywhere on the empty area of the editing field and drag the mouse to form a knife line After you release the mouse button new nodes will be inserted at all points where this line crossed the outline Hold down the Suirr key to constrain the direction of the knife line to 45 degree increments If the knife line will cross two lines you may find a part of the glyph to cut off Hold down the Option key to limit Knife tool to insert new nodes only 173 174 Using the Add Corner Add Curve and Add Tangent tools 1 Activate one of the tools 2 Click on any outline point The Corner tool will add a straight line the Curve tool will add a smooth connection and curve and the Tangent tool will add a sharp connection and curve Note You can insert nodes on the closing straight segment that automatically connects the first and last nodes of a contour If you insert nodes on the first half of a closing straight segment closer to the ending node of a contour then the new node will be added to the contour If you insert the node on the last half of the closing straight segment then it will be inserted before the startpoint and become a startpoint
255. the style is not what you ve expected click Cancel and check the fonts Font Info fields carefully 357 358 The toolbar contains the following buttons Opens the menu allowing you to add open fonts to the list Deletes the selected font suitcase from the list or font from the suitcase x Completely clears the contents of the list x Opens the FOND Info dialog box for the selected suitcase or the Font Info dialog box for the selected font What you can do with these commands To add all fonts that have been opened with TypeTool in their Font windows click on the t button and select the Add all command from the menu fo Pon wA x Add all Add possible FreeFontPro Bold FreeFontPro Boldlitalic FreeFontPro Italic TypeTool checks the FOND Name field in every open font and creates Suitcases one for every different FOND name If several fonts have this field the same they will be combined in one suitcase with this name If the list of suitcases is not empty and it is so after you select the File gt Generate Suitcase command you have the possibility to add only those fonts that are compatible with this suitcase in the list choose the Add possible command from the pulldown menu To remove all the fonts from the list click on the x button To remove a suitcase or a particular font in a suitcase select it in the list and click on the __ button If you remove the last font
256. this dialog To finish testing the font and close the window click on the Close button Generating Fonts In this chapter we will discuss the most important aspects of generating workable fonts in the most popular formats Please note that all recommendations and guidelines in this chapter only address typical and common cases There can be exceptions and special situations For those you need to refer to the specific sections of the manual and to the appropriate font format specifications This chapter also assumes that you have read the rest of the manual 344 Relevant Font Formats The following lists the most relevant font formats and lists some of their advantages and disadvantages OpenType PS Also known as OpenType CFF PostScript flavored OpenType OTF Filename extension otf Pros Works on Windows Linux Mac OS 8 6 9 and OS X Uses the B zier curves that are preferred by designers and used in drawing apps such as Illustrator and Freehand so letterforms can be drawn precisely and outlines need not be converted May contain up to 65 535 glyphs supports Unicode and can contain OpenType Layout features Suitable for Western Roman fonts non Latin fonts multilingual fonts and advanced typography May include class kerning allowing for moderately sized kerning tables Uses Type 1 hinting that is relatively easy to create Can include embedding rights information defining whether or not the font may be attached to e
257. this field to calculate value automatically In TrueType font files vertical metrics can be stored in the OS 2 and hhea tables Different programs and operating systems use vertical metrics from these tables Windows usually uses data stored in the OS 2 table while the Mac OS uses only data located in the hhea table It is important to correctly define all vertical metrics if you want your font to align properly In most cases TypeTool can calculate vertical metrics according to the system recommendations but in some cases you may want to customize these values We recommend you generally leave these values untouched in an existing OpenType font Of course if you perform heavy modification of the font you will need to update the advanced vertical metrics If you want TypeTool to automatically calculate all vertical metrics select the option Calculate values automatically If you want to customize values select the Set Custom values option and edit data in the fields below Note that if you choose Set Custom values but leave all data unchanged TypeTool will restore the original vertical metrics data from the imported font and the new updated font will align exactly as the original one 327 Here is a description of each value Typo Ascender Typo Descender Typo Line Gap WinAscent WinDescent Ascender Descender Line Gap 328 This is the typographically correct ascender value It is the to
258. tion in the codepage tables Here is an example of fragments from two different codepages that map the same codes to different Unicode codepoints MS Windows 1252 Western MS Windows 1251 Cyrillic OxCO 0x00CO OxCO 0x0410 OxC1 Ox00C1 OxC1 0x0411 OxC2 Ox00C2 OxC2 0x0412 OxC3 Ox00C3 OxC3 0x0413 OxC4 0x00C4 OxC4 0x0414 OxC5 Ox00C5 OxC5 0x0415 OxC6 Ox00C6 OxCo6 0x0416 OxC7 0x00C7 OxC7 0x0417 OxC8 0x00C8 OxC8 0x0418 OxC9 Ox00C9 OxC9 0x0419 OxCA Ox00CA OxCA Ox041A OxCB Ox00CB OxCB 0x041B OxCC Ox00CC OxCC 0x041C Many different codepages have been defined for many languages and different operating systems TypeTool includes descriptions for 300 codepages all the known Windows OS 2 MS DOS Mac OS codepages plus a few others like the Polytonal Greek Russian KOI 8 and NeXT Step codepages In TypeTool a codepage is a filter through which you can look at your font to see how it will work in different environments For example you might include many Unicode characters in your font and see how it would work if it was installed in OS 2 with the Arabic language selected This gives you the opportunity to easily create fonts that will be properly encoded and will always work correctly To select a codepage in the Font Window 1 Switch the Font Window to the Codepages mode by clicking on the Codepages button 2 The encoding selection combo box will show the names of all available codepages MacOS Roman fe MacOS Reman
259. tion to control this feature 169 170 Changing Connection Type The type of connection between segments is very important in maintaining the smoothness of contours Connections can be of two types smooth and Sharp If a connection is smooth the direction of the adjacent curve control vectors or of the curve control vector and line is collinear and the contour is smooth at the connection To change the type of connection 1 Make the node visible 2 1 Double click on the node with the left mouse button 2 2 Right click or Crri click on the node and select the connection type in the context menu aa wv Smooth Connection Deleting Nodes To delete nodes using the Edit tool 1 1 Begin moving the node by dragging it 1 2 While holding down the left mouse button click the right mouse button The node will be removed 2 1 Move the mouse cursor onto the node and click the right mouse button 2 2 In the context menu choose the Delete node command Note If you click the right mouse button while editing the curve using the non node editing method or while you are moving the control points of a curve the curve will not be removed Instead it will change to a straight line Deleting Lines and Curves You can delete a whole line or curve with the Knife tool Activate the Knife tool with the 4 button on the Tools toolbar or press the 3 key on the keyboard Hold down the Option key and click on the line
260. tivate a different encoding in the Font Window you will see that the characters in the Font Window are rearranged Some characters will move below the yellow zone Remember that only characters that are in the yellow zone are covered by the currently selected encoding 101 102 Codepages Mode Codepages are tables that map local character codes one byte long to the Unicode codepoints Depending on the size of the page these tables may have 256 or 65 536 records one for each possible character code Long codepages are called double byte codepages and are primarily used to represent codes used in Chinese J apanese Korean or Vietnamese languages Codepages are necessary because we need to somehow encode text written in different languages in the one byte code space So when we have a text file encoded according to some codepage we use the codepage table to find which characters were used in this text We may have two different texts with the same code 192 decimal but in one case it may mean the Russian A and in the other case it may mean A Agrave Codepages are used not only to identify characters but also to simplify text sorting conversion of lowercase to uppercase characters spell checking and in many other applications where it is necessary to know which characters are used in the text Because the Unicode character identification standard covers most languages it is usually used as the destination informa
261. to convert and choose the Contour gt Convert gt Curves To PostScript command If more than 128 glyphs were selected for transformation you will see the warning message Do you want to continue and transform glyphs You will apply selected action to the 284 glyphs This operation is not undoabie Click on Yes and TypeTool will apply the command to all selected glyphs You can find descriptions of all modification commands in the chapter Glyph Window on page 135 Please also refer to the Actions chapter for related information The Glyph Window The Glyph Window is a standard tool in all FontLab based applications It is a universal and very powerful contour editing module that also allows you to perform many font specific operations 136 Glyph Window Contents Open the Glyph Window by double clicking on any glyph sample in the Font Window or Metrics Window e ke ak y 1m etme cari Da EA The Glyph Window The Glyph Window has the following parts Toolbar area Editing Field Top and left rulers Left Top box Scroll Bars Lock button Meter panel button The Local Toolbar is the command center of the Glyph Window There is a combo box with zoom selection and two buttons that are used to select the zoom level Qf10x maa You can drag the local toolbar to any place on your screen or you can dock it at the top or bottom area of the Glyph Window To show and hide the local toolbar use thi
262. to round them to integer values because it cannot generate fonts with fractional coordinates The smaller your object is the more extreme the rounding and therefore distortion will occur Therefore we advise that you always scale your artwork in Illustrator to the appropriate size before copying it to TypeTool so that no rounding will be minimal Also if you work in Illustrator or similar applications avoid fractional coordinates altogether by setting your grid to 1 pt and making sure that all your nodes snap to it Note Remember that TypeTool can only edit font outlines not features such as color of outline outline width or fill color Regardless of the settings you have in the vector editing application only information about outlines will be copied to TypeTool Ideally in your vector editing application set the fill color of all your objects to 100 black and the width of the outlines to none Printing a Glyph To print a sample of the current glyph select the Print command in the File menu while the Glyph Window is active Refer to the Printing Glyph Sample on page 339 section for further details 251 Editing Metrics The tools in TypeTool for editing metrics data are common to all Fontlab applications so if you have learned how to use these tools in TypeTool you will be ready to use these same tools in any of the Fontlab programs 254 What are Font Metrics A program that aligns and spaces text cal
263. ual Ascender is fitted to the top of the editing field and Visual Descender to the bottom The same values are used to build the icons that you see in the Font Window To set Visual metrics use the Glyph Window gt Dimensions page of the Preferences dialog box Visual ascender and descender 100 En of UPM Values are measured in percentage of the font UPM size so 20 is 200 if UPM size is 1000 and 410 if UPM size is 2048 143 144 Tools and Operations TypeTool s Glyph Window may work in several modes The three most important modes are D Edit mode The main mode used to draw new glyphs move Di everything in the glyph from guidelines to nodes to glyph margins Z VectorPaint mode A set of tools used to create new glyphs or modify existing glyphs using vector drawing tools that simulate natural bitmap tools eo Meter mode Used to measure contours distances or angles Other modes include two additional operations fe Free Transform Scales rotates or skews the selected portion of the outline E Move and Scale Sets the size and position of the bitmap background layer Background Use the buttons on the Tools and other toolbars or keyboard shortcuts to switch modes The three most important modes are Option 1 Edit mode Option 3 VectorPaint mode Option 4 Meter mode Though the Tools toolbar contains a button only for Meter mode you can easily customize it Tools gt Customize or even
264. used as the source of encoding for single codepage non Western Type 1 fonts e g Mac Cyrillic or Windows Greek If you are creating a non Western Type 1 font make sure to select the appropriate encoding here and also set the matching character set in File gt Font Info gt Encoding and Unicode gt Microsoft Character Set and Mac script and FOND ID Only a combination of the correct encoding in the Font Window and the correct character set setting in Font Info will give you a working non Western Type 1 font Example encodings in this group MS Windows 1251 Encoding for a Windows Cyrillic Type 1 font Cyrillic MacOS Cyrillic Encoding for a Mac Cyrillic Type 1 font Adobe Symbol Encoding for fonts that include mathematical and symbol characters defined by Adobe Imported Encoding When TypeTool opens a custom encoded Type 1 font it will try to match the font s encoding to known custom encodings If the encoding cannot be matched Imported is shown The Imported encoding will also appear if the user opens a vfb file that uses an encoding not present on this user s machine Glyph Arrangement Tables Type designers use any encoding table as a glyph arrangement table i e to visually arrange glyphs in a particular order during the design process of a font Type 1 TrueType or OpenType Such a glyph arrangement table can be used as a visual map for the font family so the designer knows what glyphs need to
265. value as the negative descender of your font e g 263 in our example From the left ruler drag a guideline and position it at 0 Click on at the top left corner of the Illustrator document window where the top ruler and the left ruler meet and drag out the origin point to where the two guidelines cross Finally click on the top ruler and drag guidelines to the positions of your ascender x height and caps height You can draw your letters Remember to assign some kind of fill to all your Illustrator drawings and avoid drawing letters that exceed the bottom or the top of the document size If you have already drawn some letters before copy them to the newly created document place and re scale so that they fit between the guidelines you have drawn Remember that all points of your letters should snap to the grid otherwise TypeTool will round their position When you finished drawing your glyph in Illustrator choose Select gt All Edit gt Copy if you want to copy the outlines via clipboard or File gt Export gt Illustrator Legacy EPS or File gt Save As and select Illustrator 8 EPS as your file format if you want to save the artwork as an EPS file Importing Glyphs To paste an outline from a vector editing program into TypeTool select the outline object that you want to copy and choose the Copy command from the Edit menu in the source application To place the copied outline in TypeTool switch to TypeTool Glyph Window
266. vert e Redesigned preferences save open and exchange preference profiles e Better autohinting with Flex Type 1 hints 13 14 Other key features of TypeTool Outline editor with more than 20 tools and 200 level undo redo Open edit and generate OpenType PS TrueType OpenType TT and PostScript Type 1 formats with up to 65000 glyphs Import and export of individual glyphs in EPS format Metric and kerning editing module with customizable autospacing and autokerning features Import and export of font metrics files in PFM and AFM format Automatic Type 1 and TrueType hinting Automatic transformation of glyphs VectorPaint tools Support of two encoding modes and an unlimited number of encoding tables Easy to use drag drop based user interface Popup menus and property panels everywhere Sample printing of fonts and individual glyphs Smooth outline preview About this Manual This manual covers the Macintosh version of TypeTool 3 0 The following chapters describe all features of TypeTool in full detail The manual first covers tasks that you need to do first after installing the application Later many of the daily typical tasks are described At the end more specialized topics are discussed TypeTool User Interface This chapter covers the basic definitions of the TypeTool user interface and its customization and gives a short description of all the editing windows and panels All TypeTool options are discussed there
267. w toolbars Menus Customization of menus There is an option to create new menus While the Customize dialog box is open all interface elements are in editable mode so you can simply drag drop buttons between different toolbars 31 32 Customizing Toolbars To see the list of toolbars switch the Customize dialog to the Toolbars mode Customize Y Menus Toolbars To move a button within a toolbar just press the mouse button on it dragit to the new location and drop it If you drag the button slightly further to the right a separator bar will be added between it and the previous button To move a button to another toolbar just drag drop it there To remove a button from a toolbar dragit out of the toolbar Le a D eag BELERI To create a new custom toolbar click on the button below the list of toolbars The toolbar named New Toolbar will appear in the list Select it in the list and rename in the edit box below To delete the toolbar which you do not need anymore select it in the list and click on the T button To add buttons to existing toolbars use the list of all TypeTool commands Search Category All Commands Sharp connection lE Show Layers Background Cmd Shift B 177 Show Layers Connections Cmd Shift C ee Show Layers Control Vectors Cmd Shift W EE Show Layers Edit Mask Ctri H gy Show Layers Fill Outline Cmd Shift P ALE show Layers Glyph Metrics HE Sh
268. you click the right mouse button while holding down the left mouse button on the glyph or on the kerning line that kerning pair will be removed You will see that the total number of kerning pairs decreases Tip if you hold down the Option key and double click the right glyph of the pair it will be copied to the left of the left glyph OVA before Option double click on A OAV 484 after OptT1ioNn double click on A Using the Keyboard When a glyph is selected in the sample string you can use the left and right arrow keys to change the kerning by one font unit at each keystroke Hold down the Suirt key to change the kerning by 10 font units Press the ComMAND and ComMAND keys to change the glyph in the string and Pace Up and Pace Down keys to move to the previous and next glyph in the string Using the Metrics Panel When the properties area is expanded and Kerning editing mode is activated you can see all the glyph metrics and pair kerning information in the editing field se oe foe PF fa T S I TOE T S i foe 436 l MM a ee a a2 a 32 i 3 19 10 24 Kerning is displayed on the fifth row in the Metrics Panel and each value is positioned between the glyphs that form the kerning pair The background color for the kerning value is white when there is no kerning light blue if kerning is negative glyphs are shifted toward each other and yellow if kerning is positive
269. you want to delete Note that with this method you will break the outline a Pa a fot OG yi Another way to delete a line or a curve is to click on it with the Edit tool and then select the Delete command in the Edit menu This method works differently because it does not break the outline 171 172 Eraser Tool l The Eraser tool can be used to quickly remove nodes Sometimes this is necessary for example with contours from an auto tracing program The eraser tool can work in two modes like a standard eraser or as a rectangle eraser In the first mode all nodes that are inside the eraser mouse cursor are deleted In the second mode you define a rectangle by clicking on and dragging as when you select nodes with the Edit tool or change the zoom of a Glyph Window and all the nodes inside the rectangle are removed Te The first eraser like mode is the default for the Erase tool To switch to the rectangle mode hold down the Comman key Inserting Nodes To insert a new node on a segment with the Edit tool L 2 Position the mouse cursor on the segment where you want to insert the node Hold down the right mouse button You will see a mark that shows you the current position of the mouse cursor This mark will stick to all objects in the editing field including nodes and glyph contours While still holding down the right mouse button position the mark on the point where you want to insert
270. ype tables Disable the following option to prevent TypeTool from storing the additional custom TrueType OpenType tables in the vfb file WI Store custom TrueType OpentType tables Generating OpenType Fonts Before saving an OpenType font file you need to check the OpenType generation options in the Preferences gt Generating OpenType amp TrueType dialog box Generating OpenType PS OpenType TT and TrueType _ Automatically reorder glyphs _ Write stored custom TrueType OpentType tables Automatically If this option is enabled TypeTool will try to reorder glyphs to reorder glyphs match the Mac cmap encoding table Technically this is a requirement of the Apple TrueType specification but it is not required on Mac OS X or Windows Write stored When enabled stored custom TrueType OpenType tables will custom be written into the generated font TrueType OpenType tables These settings only apply to fonts that you generate in the OpenType PS otf format Generating OpenType P5 otf Mi Decom pose all composites i Use subroutines to compress outlines in the CFF table Autohint unhinted glyphs 371 372 Decompose all When enabled all composite glyphs in the font will be composites decomposed Recommended for maximum compatibility When disabled the composite glyphs will be exported as such Use subroutines to Allowto automatically generate outline subroutines if font is compress outlines
271. ystrokes are used for keyboard shortcuts such as Z for zoom in If the button shows an open lock pressing single keys on the keyboard takes you to the corresponding glyph in your font so pressing Z will open the z glyph for editing SHiFT Z will open the uppercase Z To access an extended character quickly type its glyph name For example to open the a glyph type ADIERESIS on your keyboard Note that usually just typing an will do if there is only one glyph in the font with the name that starts with that string Use Suirr for uppercase names Click the left mouse button on the glyph selected in the Font Window and drag it into any Glyph Window Select the Find command in the Edit menu and find the glyph that you want to open If you have a wheel on your mouse hold down the Comman key and scroll the wheel to move to the previous or next glyph Creating Glyphs If you want to create a new glyph in an empty place in the font a gray cell in the Font window double click on the cell Refer to the Creating New Glyphs on page 121 section in the Editing Fonts on page 75 chapter for details 139 140 Changing the View in the Glyph Window Use the zoom level and scroll bars to change the view in the editing field of the Glyph Window By using the scroll bars you can scroll the viewing field of a glyph With the zoom level you can define how the glyph unit coordinates are converted to screen coordinates and v

TypeTool 3 for Macintosh User Manual

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