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User's Manual TNC 360 (from 259 900-11)

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1. eere 12 11 Miscellaneous functions with predetermined effect ssssssssssssseeeh 12 11 Vacant miscellaneous functions uc ices eren kate rt Rb Rh gH bh sirrien sania dante chbanennd immed entastntasabbedagsabas 12 12 Preassigned Q Parameter cccsscccssccsseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaneeeaneeeaneneeesaeeesaes 12 13 Diagrams for Machining 1eeeeeeeeeeeeeeenneee nenne nenne nnne nnns 12 15 SPNA SPEB O RECETTE ET 12 15 eT RE E ET eaigedanin ie dectenne nase tienarnat 12 16 Feed rat F Tor tapping sa icsiscasdsdcasiciassetenhsterdaee air radar nds Piaaidaas bohasdsielablezabesiabanslnaseeniincaade 12 17 Features Specifications and Accessories cs ccceecseeeseeeeseecusesaeesees 12 18 ic oe 12 18 PCCCS SOT NES ti NTTN ARB U x 12 20 TNC Error Messages eeeeeeseeee nennen nene nennen nnn nnn nnn n nnn nnns 12 21 TNC error messages during programming sssssse em emen 12 21 TNC error messages during test run and program run sssssssseH e 12 22 TNC error messages with digitizing sssssssssss m emen 12 25 1 Introduction 1 1 The TNC 360 1 2 Control The TNC 360 is a shop floor programmable contouring control for milling machines boring machines and machining centers with up to four axes The spindle can
2. eeeeeeeeeeeneene nennen nnn nnn 4 11 Effect of tool compensation Valll8S associe bh met tcn bnt bR ex bas e ba aii aa niia a 4 11 TOO radius COTTIDOFISQUOf asseekiakietuvkekaksa tette iir xS REESE bd abu aa aaa inia rb oe Gab Rc aan a p 4 12 FN AUG FY M NND QUU T LK e i 4 14 Programi eg dre t L 4 15 To create a new part program auseexseexesexeerzeeke nmt ko Ron Ron a a a EF ERROR ER d 4 15 Deining the blank TORT BEK FORI cider konnte bae nu nad uu tota n tuu aaia ms 4 15 Entering Tool Related Data eee nennen 4 16 Wrc8Ea ITE rm 4 16 Spindle speca S NEN EI T E hohecd tlocates 4 17 Entering Miscellaneous Functions and STOP 4 18 Actual Position Capture lseeseeeeseeee eene nene nnne nennen nnn nnn nnns 4 19 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 TNC 360 General Information on Programming Tool Movements 5 2 Contour Approach and Departure eeeeeeeeeeenenn nnn 5 4 Starting and end DOSIEORIS uuu csexetaasudie nien ededutstc unt s domm ed sag nd pas Rega deii rums DN EEREN Enan 5 4 omioot approach and departure ces traut krtne Get etn cortice tna erue 34 tuendae ule Statuta pdt RS 5 6 Pati Fe TN NOS ogc sieges ID e YR MUN E UEM EUN DENNIS DI US PUMEEEEd HE M CES DUUM MENS 5 7 General IGT
3. s 9 a HEIDENHAIN RA F from e eon 6 100 cy 3 mE S em ars ld y 3d 150 MF my a R R 2 wo OQ imntsininims User s Manual x HEIDENHAIN Conversational Programming TNC 360 st e O gt Keys and Controls on the TNC 360 Controls on the Visual Display Unit Soli y C Brightness S N Override Knobs 100 Feed rate 50 150 ANN F 96 0 100 Spindle speed 150 OSs Machine Operating Modes MANUAL OPERATION ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT PROGRAM RUN SINGLE BLOCK Bosse PROGRAM RUN FULL SEQUENCE le amp o 3 3 3 lt le Q D o PROGRAMMING AND EDITING ga TEST RUN ogram and File Management Select programs and files U EQ CH Delete programs and files O gt rz Enter program call in a program External data transfer Supplementary modes BE Cursor and GOTO keys A GE e Move cursor highlight Go directly to blocks cycles and param eter functions Graphics BLK FORM START Graphic operating modes Define blank form reset blank form Magnify detail Start graphic simulation Programmable Contours Eu Y We ol Circle with tangential transition Straight line Circle center Pole for polar coordinates Circle with center point Circle with radius RN
4. ssss 7 14 TONE OSS RENT ERREUR 7 15 E m 7 17 Three dimensional machining machining a hemisphere with an end mill 7 19 TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 1 8 2 8 3 8 4 8 5 TNC 360 General Overview of Cycles ccccccccccceesseeeceeeeeeeeeesaeeessaeeessaeeeseeeeeeas 8 2 Fe NI ay MLV INET QUO CO sirarne ae anaana Ma Ru este nt P oko Te ER TR UAEAGRDR TRE Een EET 9 2 Dimensions mM the TOO AXES osssen aii AU Eden UAR ak ERA aUa rcd dc iR Vcl bee bl sp RA loo 9 4 Customized MACOS ien stexeite rite ute a Casesxetureliu sank Put tenga rs Sr lau eiRE Tain East 9 4 Simple Fixed Cycles sis sesso MEA Uc verse EDU FM de WR Ses eaaa 8 5 wea cie Ep mTE 8 5 TAPPING with floating tap holder Cycle 2 8 7 Pers TAPANG CVCE T7 p 8 9 SLOT MILLING 1 CCIE S eessetustusecr nite napi tab toad tenti tita Fundit n met a tc tra dae 8 10 POCKET MING CYC E A asie a ea Ta a aoea 8 12 CIRCULAR POCKET MICLING Cycle B suisssssascisenibxtnisgpimd aa a a 8 14 SL Cycles 8 16 CONTOUR GEOMETRY Cycle T nicacesciinaneencceicndusdnainasonntoamsdeiactoasanehtaceadteinaestenneidubaned 8 17 BO C E O TNR 8 18 SL Cycles Overlapping CONTOUFS sssssssssssse I nm ATANAN raa 8 20 PICOT DRIEBING Cycle TO seii reina ai ust dapibu e uc dn inte 8 26 GONTOUR MICCING Cyce TO oireena AA E iE 8 27 Cycles for
5. Displaying calibration values The effective length and radius of the 3D touch probe are stored in the TNC for use whenever the touch probe is needed again The stored values are displayed the next time the calibration function is called TNC 360 2 11 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 4 3D Touch Probe Systems Compensating workpiece misalignment The TNC electronically compensates workpiece misalignment by computing a basic rotation Set the ROTATION ANGLE to the angle at which a workpiece surface should be oriented with respect to the angle reference axis see p 1 12 A B Fig 2 11 Basic rotation of a workpiece probing procedure for com pensation right The dashed line is the nominal position the angle PA is being compensated gt SURFACE DATUM Select the BASIC ROTATION probe function BASIC ROTATION X X Y Y ROTATION ANGLE e g 3 Enter the nominal value of the rotation angle Move the ball tip to a starting position near the first touch point 1 Select the probe direction Probe the workpiece Move the ball tip to a starting position near the second touch point Probe the workpiece A basic rotation is kept in non volatile storage and is effective for all subsequent program runs and graphic simulations 2 12 TNC 360 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 4 3D Touch Probe Systems Displaying basic rotation BASIC ROTATION X Y Y The angle
6. O8 FNO Q21 Ol CYCL DEF 10 0 ROTATION CYCL DEF 10 1 ROT Q26 FN12 IF Q26 LT Q7 GOTO LBL1 FN9 IF Q26 EQU Q7 GOTO LBL1 CYCL DEF 10 0 ROTATION CYCL DEF 10 1 ROT 0 CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM CYCL DEF 7 1 X 0 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 0 CYCL DEF 7 3 Z 0 END PGM 360712 MM Determine starting and calculation values Shift datum to center of sohere Rotation for program start starting plane angle Pre positioning before machining Pre positioning at beginning of each arc Mill the sphere upward until the highest points is reached Mill the highest point and then retract the tool Prepare the next rotation increment Reset solid angle for machining to the starting value Rotate the coordinate system about the Z axis until plane end angle is reached Reset rotation and datum shift End of subprogram TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 1 General Overview of Cycles Frequently recurring machining sequences which comprise several steps are stored in the TNC as cycles Coordinate transformations and other special functions are also available as cycles The cycles are divided into several groups e Simple fixed cycles such as pecking and tapping as well as the milling operations slot milling circular pocket milling and rectangular pocket milling e SL Subcontour List cycles which allow machining of relatively complex contours composed of several overlapping subcontours e Coordinate transformation cycles which enable datum
7. 1 Introduction 1 4 Graphics and Status Display Status Display PROGRAM RUN FULL SEQUENCE The status display in a program run operating mode shows the current coordinates as well as the 1 BLK FORM 0 1 2 X Q following information Y 2 28 e BLK FORM 2 X 100 Y 1800 2 188 e Type of position display ACTL NOML e Axis locked ble in front of the axis Pee HEELS R45 e Number of current tool T TOOL CALL 1 e Tool axis e M c RCTL Xs 75 745 Yn 4 100 000 e Active miscellaneous function M e TNC is in operation indicated by ROT e Machines with gear ranges Gear range following character depends on machine parameter Fig 1 23 Status display in a program run operating mode al Bar graphs can be used to indicate analog quantities such as spindle speed and feed rate These bar graphs must be activated by the machine tool builder 1 18 TNC 360 1 Introduction 1 5 Programs The TNC 360 can store up to 32 part programs at once The programs can be written in HEIDENHAIN plain language dialog or according to ISO ISO programs are indicated with ISO Each program is identified by a number with up to eight characters Program directory Mode of Call program The program directory is called with the PGM NR operation directory with key To erase programs in TNC memory press the CL PGM key Create a program Execute Fig 1 24 Program management functions The program dir
8. sess 2 19 Measuring workpiece OIImestis OFDIS aeexckxesuntupa bna rinia aa ite nn eva UR aw aan aa 2 20 Measuring andlES senirsyiii er ener eet tain Cnn enn er RR EUREN DRE REIP RR DP a aiani G KR IRRA RO R 2 21 3 Test Run and Program Run 9 1 ROSE MUI ovara ii vx ER Cua UU acxU PU INR PN DEUM NE Ni DETEN Kx SN USUS UON MEN IR 3 2 PO c MU NITE 3 2 3 2 Program Run NEN TT 3 3 POTON OP O aiae Ee AE AE raus dal EAE E EEE EAEE A AE EAE ER aR 3 3 PRS PE OUI MacNN MR m e 3 4 Resuming program run after an interruption seesssssssesee eene 3 5 3 3 Blockwise Transfer Executing Long Programas 3 6 TNC 360 4 Programming 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 TNC 360 Editing part programs cccccccceeecseceeeeeeceeeeeeseeseeesanesaeseeesanseeesanesensanes 4 2 Layout oT 3 POOLA seene aieiai ae tute gen E rus taU aO Aaa A AEE LN D AE EEAS EEn A Ei 4 2 iE Nds mercis e ETE 4 2 Seld se eo EN m TO TO D Um 4 3 i eec 4 5 Determining tool data asbexblasdosvb ra Up aho bad ipta a added ipiius tad dubai d a Eai d 4 5 Entering tool data into the program qs errscaadadde xima ad viae ai Fr tar Rocker Rec adr 4 7 ETREFIDISEEOOHOIOSETIFEDPOO OE cesesasaxiraata ana eain EIN RE RBEFADIG t aa aliit aga a CHR REEF 4 8 Calling TOO daid eriin ea Oe ANE Ea di eus AEAEE UR tpud ud UU imu ha m RATS 4 9 Belge eT Ue 4 10 Tool Compensation Values
9. 1 Introduction 1 2 Fundamentals of NC Example Drawings with several relative datums according to ISO 129 or DIN 406 Part 11 Figure 171 Example Coordinates of the point 1 X210mm Y 57m Z 0mm The datum of the Cartesian coordinate system is located 10 mm away from point 1 on the X axis and 5 mm on the Y axis The 3D Touch Probe System from HEIDENHAIN is an especially convenient and efficient way to find and set datums Fig 1 16 Point 1 defines the coordinate System 1 10 TNC 360 1 Introduction 1 2 Fundamentals of NC Absolute workpiece positions Each position on the workpiece is clearly defined by its absolute coordi nates Example Absolute coordinates of the position v X220mm Y 10 mm Z 5mm If you are drilling or milling a workpiece according to a workpiece drawing with absolute coordinates you are moving the tool to the coordinates Incremental workpiece positions A position can be referenced to the previous nominal position i e the Fig 1 17 Position definition through relative datum is always the last programmed position Such coordinates absolute coordinates are referred to as incremental coordinates increment growth or also incremental or chain dimensions since the positions are defined as a chain of dimensions Incremental coordinates are designated with the prefix l Example Incremental coordinates of the position referenced to position Absolute
10. 5 1 General Information on Programming Tool Movements TNC 360 Subprograms and program section repeats If a machining sequence repeats itself in a program you can save time and reduce the chance of programming error by entering the sequence once and defining it as a subprogram or program section repeat Programming possibilities e To repeat a machining routine immediately after it is executed program section repeat e oinsert a machining routine at certain locations in a program sub program e ocall a separate program for execution or test run within the main program program call Cycles Common machining routines are delivered with the control as standard cycles The TNC features fixed cycles for Peck drilling Tapping Slot milling Pocket and island milling Coordinate transformation cycles can be used to change the coordinates of a machining sequence in a defined way i e Datum shift Mirroring Basic rotation Enlarging and reducing Parameter programming Instead of numerical values you enter markers in the program so called parameters which are defined through mathematical functions or logical comparisons You can use parametric programming for Conditional and unconditional jumps Measurements with the 3D touch probe during program run Output of values and measurements Transferring values to and from memory The following mathematical functions are available e Assign e Addition Subtraction
11. CYCL DEF 2 1 SET UP 3 CYCL DEF 2 2 DEPTH 20 CYCL DEF 2 3 DWELL 0 4 CYCL DEF 2 4 F 100 L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 L X 50 Y 20 FMAX M3 L Z 3 FMAX M99 L Z 100 FMAX M2 END PGM 360088 MM Setup clearance Thread depth Dwell time Feed rate Approach tool change position Pre positioning spindle on clockwise Pre positioning in Z cycle call TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 2 Simple Fixed Cycles RIGID TAPPING Cycle 17 Process The thread is cut without a floating tap holder in one or several passes Advantages over tapping with a floating tap holder e Higher machining speeds e Repeated tapping of the same thread repetitions are made possible by spindle orientation to the O position during cycle call depending on machine parameters e Increased traverse range of the spindle axis at Machine and control must be specially prepared by the machine manufacturer to enable rigid tapping Input data e SETUP CLEARANCE Distance between tool tip starting position and workpiece surface e TAPPING DEPTH B Distance between workpiece surface beginning of thread and end of thread The signs for setup clearance and thread pitch are the same and depend on the working direction e THREAD PITCH The sign differentiates between right hand and left hand threads Right hand thread Left hand thread ri Oo Infeeds and distances in the ROUGH OUT cycle The control calculates the feed rate from the spindle speed I
12. e Multiplication Division e Angle measurement Trigonometry SIC 59 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 2 Contour Approach and Departure att An especially convenient way to approach and depart a workpiece is on a tangential arc This is done with the corner rounding function RND see page 5 25 Starting and end positions Starting position The tool moves from the starting position to the first contour point The starting position is programmed without radius compensation The starting position must be e approachable without collision e near the first contour point e located to prevent contour damage during workpiece approach If you choose a starting position within the hatch marked area of Figure 5 3 the tool will damage the contour as it approaches the first contour point The best starting position lies on the extension of the tool path for machining the first contour element Fig 5 9 Starting position S for contour approach First contour point Workpiece machining starts at the first contour point The tool moves on a radius compensated path to this point Fig 5 4 First contour point A for machin Ing Approaching the starting point in the spindle axis g N 02 The spindle moves to its working depth as it approaches the starting position S If there is any danger of collision move the spindle axis separately to the starting position Example L X Y Positioning
13. e bis the third side The angle can be derived from the tangent arctan a arctan a b arctan sin a cos a Example a 10mm b 10mm arctan a b arctan 1 45 Furthermore a 4 b C2 a a a caya b Overview FN6 SINE e g FN6 O20 SIN 05 Calculate sine of an angle in degrees and assign it to a parameter FN7 COSINE e g FN7 O21 COS 05 Calculate the cosine of an angle in degrees and assign it to a parameter FN8 ROOT SUM OF SQUARES e g FN8 Q10 5 LEN 4 Take the square root of the sum of two squares and assign it to a parameter FN13 ANGLE e g FN13 Q20 10 ANG Q1 Calculate the angle from the arc tangent of two sides or from the sine and cosine of the angle and assign it to a parameter Fig 7 9 Sides and angles on a right triangle TNC 360 Fal 7 Program ming with O Parameters 7 4 f Then Operations with Q Parameters If Then conditional operations enable the TNC to compare a Q parameter with another O parameter or with a numerical value Jumps The jump target is specified in the block through a label number If the programmed condition is true the TNC continues the program at the specified label if it is false the next block is executed To jump to another program you enter a PGM CALL after the block with the target label see page 6 8 Abbreviations used IF If EOU Equals NE Not equal GT Greater than L
14. A callable program program 50 is to be called into a program with a cycle call Part program CYCL DEF 12 0 PGM CALL Definition CYCL DEF 12 1 PGM 50 Program 50 is a cycle L X 20 Y 50 FMAX M99 Call of program 50 8 36 TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 5 Other Cycles ORIENTED SPINDLE STOP Cycle 13 Application The control can address the machine tool spindle as a 5th axis and turn it to a certain angular position Oriented spindle stops are required for e Tool changing systems with a defined tool change position e Orientation of the transmitter receiver window of the TS 511 Touch Probe System from HEIDENHAIN Activation The angle of orientation defined in the cycle is positioned to with M19 If M19 is executed without a cycle definition the machine tool spindle will be oriented to the angle set in the machine parameters Fig 8 42 Oriented spindle stop uit Oriented spindle stops can also be programmed in machine parameters Prerequisite The machine must be set up for this cycle Input data Angle of orientation based on the reference axis of the machining plane Inout range O0 to 360 Input resolution 0 1 TNC 360 8 39 9 Digitizing 3D Surfaces The digitizing option enables you to reduce a three dimensional part into discrete digital information by scanning it with the TS 120 touch probe The following components are required for digitizing e S 120 three dimensional touch probe e Digitizing o
15. B NENNEN Me o 00 M L o Pot Me t omes o p M67 M68 M69 M70 M71 M72 M73 M74 M75 M76 M77 M78 M79 M80 M81 M8 M8 M84 M85 M86 M87 M88 12 12 TNC 360 Effect of vacant miscellaneous functions als C2 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 3 Preassigned Q Parameters TNC 360 The Q parameters Q100 to Q113 are assigned values by the TNC Such values include e Values from the PLC e ool and spindle data e ata on operating status etc Values from the PLC Q100 to Q107 The TNC uses the parameters Q100 to Q107 to transfer values from the PLC to an NC program Tool radius Q108 The radius of the current tool is assigned to Q108 Tool axis Q109 The value of parameter Q109 depends on the current tool axis Tool axis Parameter value No tool axis defined Z axis Y axis X axis Spindle status Q110 The value of Q110 depends on the M function last programmed for the spindle M function Parameter value No spindle status defined MO3 Spindle on clockwise M04 Spindle on counterclockwise MO5 after M03 MO5 after M04 uH Hn Hn HW i OD NJ c Coolant on off O111 M function Parameter value MOS Coolant on MO9 Coolant off 12 13 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 3 Preassigned Q Parameters 12 14 Overlap factor Q112 The overlap factor for pocket milling MP 7430 is assigned to Q112 Unit of measurement 0113 The value
16. CYCL DEF 7 1 X460 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 70 1 Datum shift 2 CX CISDER TTD C BINE cepiti 2 Define scaling factor 3 CYCL DEF 11 1 SCL 0 8 GRENIER 3 Call subprogram scaling factor active CYCL DEF 11 0 SCALING Cancel transformations CYCL DEF 11 1 SCL 1 CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM CYCL DEF 7 1 X 0 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 0 L Z 100 RO FMAX M2 LBL 1 L X 10 Y 10 RO FMAX M3 L Z 2 FMAX L Z 5 F200 L X 0 Y 0 RL L Y 20 L X425 L X 30 Y 15 L Y 0 L X 0 L X 10 Y 10 RO L Z 2 FMAX LBL O END PGM 360839 MM 0 1 2 o 4 5 6 7 8 9 TNC 360 8 37 8 Cycles 8 5 Other Cycles DWELL TIME Cycle 9 Application Within a running program the execution of the next block is delayed by the programmed dwell time The dwell time cycle can be used for example for chip breaking Activation This cycle becomes effective as soon as It is defined Modal conditions such as a spindle rotation are not affected Input data A dwell time is entered in seconds Entry range 0 to 30 000 s approx 8 3 hours in increments of 0 001 s PROGRAM CALL Cycle 12 Application and activation Part programs such as special drilling cycles curve milling or geometric modules can be written as main programs and then called for use just like fixed cycles Input data Enter the file name of the program to be called The program is called with e CYCL CALL separate block or e M99 blockwise or e M89 modally Example Program call
17. ssssssssssssse III I enne nnne nne rennes 6 11 Repeating SUDGA IRR TEE TENTE 6 12 TNC 360 7 Programming with O Parameters 7 1 Part Families Q Parameters Instead of Numerical Values 1 3 7 2 Describing Contours Through Mathematical Functions 7 5 a 7 5 7 3 Trigonometric Functions ccccccceceeeeceeeeeeeaeecaneaeesaneeeeseeesaeeaeesanesanees 7 7 gra A P 7 7 7 4 d f Then Operations with Q Parameters eere 7 8 i gpo e en 7 8 ae H 7 8 7 5 Checking and Changing Q Parameters eene 7 10 7 6 Output of Q Parameters and Messages eere 7 11 Displaying error TNESSAGES uucuiasxnesietas rsen a bna EUR i eR e t b rna Ta 7 11 Output through an external Cala Intelfae uusccceseozusevntkekudtin b pte ttem aiu xa eiu xin ttu 7 11 Assigning values for the PLC ooo ccc ccc ccccceceeceeeeeeeeuecesee seen m eme nm e eme rene nnn nnns 7 11 7 7 Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe During Program Run 7 12 7 8 Example Tor Exercise wivsccscsecsscescidivusscescisienstnisstesssusiamsineosanecieanaceeeaninaia 7 14 Rectangular pocket with corner rounding and tangential approach
18. 0 1 2 9 4 D 6 8 9 L X 45 Y 60 FMAX CALL LBL 1 L X 75 Y 10 FMAX CALL LBL 1 L Z 100 FMAX M2 L IX 20 FMAX M99 L IY 20 FMAX M99 L IX 20 FMAX M99 END PGM 360064 MM 6 4 Cycle definition PECKING see page 8 5 Move to hole group 1 insert tool Pre position in the infeed axis Subprogram call with block 14 the subprogram is executed once Move to hole group 2 Subprogram call Move to hole group 3 Subprogram call Retract tool return to program M2 The subprogram is entered after M2 Beginning of subprogram Execute peck drilling cycle for first hole in group Move to position for second hole and drill Move to position for third hole and drill Move to position for fourth hole and drill End of subprogram TNC 360 6 Subprograms and Program Section Repeats 6 2 Program Section Repeats As with subprograms program section repeats are marked with labels Principle The program is executed up to the end of the BEGIN PGM labelled program section block with CALL LBL i 25 i Then the program section between the called LBL LBL and the label call is repeated the number of times n i entered after REP in the CALL LBL command 6 3 Q y After the last repetition the program is resumed CALL LBL 1 REP 2 2 Programming notes ENDPGM e A program section can be repeated up to 65 534 times in succession Fig 6 2 Flow diagram with program section repeats Q ret
19. 26 Pilot drilling of holes for cutter infeed at the starting points of the subcon tours With SL contours that consist of several overlapping surfaces the cutter infeed point is the starting point of the first subcontour The tool is positioned above the first infeed point The subsequent drilling sequence is identical to that of cycle 1 PECKING The tool is then positioned above the next infeed point and the drilling process Is repeated Input data SETUP CLEARANCE TOTAL HOLE DEPTH PECKING DEPTH DWELL TIME FEED RATE FINISHING ALLOWANCE Allowed material for the drilling operation see Fig 8 29 The sum of the tool radius and finishing allowance should be the same for pilot drilling and roughing out Identical to cycle 1 PECKING Fig 8 28 Example of cutter infeed points for PECKING Fig 9 29 Finishing allowance TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 3 SL Cycles CONTOUR MILLING Cycle 16 Cycle 16 CONTOUR MILLING is used to finish mill the contour pocket This cycle can also be used generally for milling contours Process e he tool is positioned above the first starting point e he tool then penetrates at the programmed feed rate to the first pecking depth e On reaching the first pecking depth the tool mills the first contour at the programmed feed rate and in the specified direction of rotation e Atthe infeed point the tool is advanced to the next pecking depth A This process is repeated unti
20. 31 The straight line 1 2 is connected tangentially to the circular arc S B Fig 5 32 The path of a tangential arc depends on the preceding contour element Prerequisites e he contour element to which the tangential arc connects must be programmed immediately before the CT block e here must be at least two positioning blocks defining the tangentially connected contour element before the CT block at A tangential arc is a two dimensional operation the coordinates in the CT block and in the positioning block before it should be in the plane of the arc TNC 360 O9 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 4 Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates To program a circular path CT with tangential connection p COORDINATES e g IX gogo Enter the coordinates of the arc end point for example IX 50 mm IY 10 mm ESA i lo If necessary enter also e Radius compensation e Feed rate e Miscellaneous function Resulting NC block CT IX 50 IY 10 RR Example for exercise Circular arc connecting to a straight line Coordinates of the transition point from the line to the arc Coordinates of the arc end point Milling depth Tool radius Part program 0 1 Z 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 BEGIN PGM 360524 MM Begin program BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 2 20 Define the workpiece blank BLK FORM 0 2 X100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 2 L 0 R 20 Define the tool TOOL CALL 2 Z S 1000 Call the tool Insert the tool Pre positio
21. AAA QA AA AAA TNC 360 1 Introduction Programming tool movements During workpiece machining an axis position is changed either by moving the tool or by moving the machine table on which the workpiece is fixed uit You always program as if the tool is moving and the workpiece is stationary If the machine table moves the axis is designated on the machine operating panel with a prime mark e g X Y Whether an axis designa tion has a prime mark or not the programmed direction of axis movement is always the direction of tool movement relative to the workpiece Fig 1 21 On this machine the tool moves in the Y and Z axes the workpiece moves in the X axis Position encoders The position encoders linear encoders for linear axes angle encoders for rotary axes convert the movement of the machine axes into electrical signals The control evaluates these signals and constantly calculates the actual position of the machine axes If there is an interruption in power the calculated position will no longer correspond to the actual position When power is returned the TNC can re establish this relationship Fig 1 22 Linear position encoder here for the X axis Reference marks The scales of the position encoders contain one or more reference marks When a reference mark is passed over it generates a signal which identifies that position as the machine axis reference point With the aid of this reference mar
22. An adapter allows up to three handwheels to be connected simultaneously Your machine manufac turer can tell you more about the handwheel configuration of your machine PIG 20 Fig 1 0 Fig 1 7 HEIDENHAIN 3D Probe Systems TS 120 and TS 511 HEIDENHAIN FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit The HR 330 Electronic Handwheel 1 Introduction 1 2 Fundamentals of Numerical Control NC Introduction 1 6 This chapter addresses the following topics What is NC The part program Conversational programming Cartesian coordinate system Additional axes Polar coordinates Setting a pole at a circle center CC Datum setting Absolute workpiece positions Programming tool movements Position encoders Reference mark evaluation What is NC NC stands for Numerical Control Simply put numerical control is the operation of a machine by means of coded instructions Modern controls such as the HEIDENHAIN TNCs have a built in computer for this purpose Such a control is therefore also called a CNC Computer Numerical Control The part program A part program is a complete list of instructions for machining a work piece It contains such information as the target position of a tool move ment the tool path i e how the tool should move towards the target position and the feed rate The program must also contain information on the radius and length of the tools the spindle speed and the tool axis Conversation
23. CALL 1 Z S1000 CC X450 Y 50 L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 LP PR 70 PA 280 FMAX L Z 5 FMAX M3 LP PR 50 PA 90 RL F100 RND R10 CP PA 270 DR RND R10 LP PR 70 PA 110 RO FMAX L Z 100 FMAX M2 END PGM 360531 MM General data and first contour point Smooth approach Circle to end point PA 270 negative direction of rotation Smooth departure Retract tool and end program 9 9 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 5 Path Contours Polar Coordinates Circular path CTP with tangential connection The tool moves on a circular path starting tangentially at from a preceding contour element 1 to 2 Input e Polar coordinate angle PA of the arc end point E e Polar coordinate radius PR of the arc end point E Fig 5 38 Circular path around a pole tangential connection al e The transition points must be defined exactly e The pole is not the center of the contour arc oy COORDINATES Select polar coordinates POLAR COORDINATES RADIUS PR o O Enter the distance from the pole to the arc end point for example PR TO mim POLAR COORDINATES ANGLE PA 8 0 Enter the angle from the reference axis to PR for example PA 80 If necessary enter also Radius compensation Feed rate Miscellaneous function Resulting NC block CTP PR 10 PA 80 5 32 TNC 360 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 5 Path Contours Polar Coordinates Helical interpolation A helix is the combination of a circular mov
24. CONTOUR GEOM CYCL DEF 14 1 CONTOUR LABEL 1 2 List of contour subprograms CYCL DEF 6 0 ROUGH OUT Cycle definition ROUGH OUT CYCL DEF 6 1 SET UP 2 DEPTH 10 CYCL DEF 6 2 PECKG 5 F500 ALLOW 0 CYCL DEF 6 3 ANGLE 0 F500 L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 L X 50 Y 50 FMAX M3 Pre positioning X Y spindle on L Z 2 FMAX M99 Setup clearance Z cycle call L Z 100 FMAX M2 Retract return to start of program LBL 1 OMONDOIBRWN O LBL O Subprograms on pages 8 21 and LBL 2 8 22 are inserted here LBL O END PGM 360821 MM Subprograms Overlapping pockets The pocket elements A and B overlap The control automatically calculates the points of intersection S1 and S2 so these points do not have to be programmed The pockets are programmed as Tull circles 15 LBL 1 16 LX 10 Y 50 RL 17 CC X435 Y 50 A Left pocket 18 C X 10 Y 50 DR 19 LBLO 20 LBL2 21 LX 90 Y 50 RL 22 CC X 65 Y 50 B 23 CX 90 Y 50 DR 24 LBL 25 END PGM 360821 MM Fig 8 17 Points of intersection S and S of pockets A and B Right pocket Depending on the control setup machine parameters machining starts either with the outline or the surface Fig 8 18 Outline is machined first Fig 8 19 Surface is machined first TNC 360 9 21 8 Cycles 8 3 SL Cycles 8 22 Area of inclusion Both areas element A and element B are to be machined including the area of overlap e AandB must be pockets e The first pocket in cycle 14 must start outside
25. LBL 11 REP Call subprogram for calculating the points of the ellipse 31 L X Q021 Y QO22 RO F MAX M03 Move to start point in the plane 32 L Z Q12 RO F MAX M Rapid traverse in Z to setup clearance 33 L Z Q9 RO FQ10 M Plunge to milling depth at plunging feed rate 34 LBL 1 35 FN1 Q36 036 035 Update the angle 36 FN1 O37 037 1 Update the counter 37 CALL LBL11 REP Call subprogram for calculating the points of the ellipse 38 L X Q021 Y 022 RO FQ11 M Move to next point 39 FN 12 IF 037 LT 07 GOTO LBL 1 Unfinished 40 CYCL DEF 10 0 ROTATION 41 CYCL DEF 10 1 ROT 0 Reset rotation 42 CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM SHIFT 43 CYCL DEF 7 1 X40 44 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 0 Reset datum shift 45 L Z Q12 RO F MAX M Move in Z to setup clearance 46 LBL O End of subprogram for milling the ellipse 47 LBL 11 48 FN7 Q21 COS O36 49 FN3 Q21 021 Q3 Calculate X coordinate 50 FNG Q22 SIN Q36 51 FN3 Q22 022 04 Calculate Y coordinate 52 LBL O 53 END PGM 360079 MM 7 18 TNC 360 7 Programming with Q Parameters 8 Example for exercise Three dimensional machining machining a hemisphere with an end mill Notes on the program The tool moves upwards in the ZX plane You can enter an oversize in block 12 O12 If you want to machine the contour in several steps The tool radius is automatically compensated with parameter Q108 The program works with the following values e Solid angle Start angle 01 End angle Incre
26. MM Note BLK FORM has been changed Setup clearance Milling depth Pecking depth and feed rate for pecking First side length of pocket Second side length of pocket Feed rate and direction of cutter path Pre positioning in X Y pocket center spindle on Pre positioning in Z Cycle call 8 13 8 Cycles 8 2 Simple Fixed Cycles CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING Cycle 5 Process 8 14 Circular pocket milling is a roughing cycle The tool penetrates the workpiece from the starting position pocket center The cutter then follows a spiral path at the programmed feed rate see illustration at right The stepover factor is determined by the value of k see Cycle 4 RECTANGULAR POCKET MILLING calculations The process is repeated until the programmed milling depth is reached At the end of the cycle the tool returns to the starting position Required tool This cycle requires a center cut end mill ISO 1641 or a separate pilot drilling operation at the pocket center Input data SETUP CLEARANCE 9 MILLING DEPTH B depth of the pocket PECKING DEPTH FEED RATE FOR PECKING Traversing speed of the tool during penetration CIRCLE RADIUS B Radius of the circular pocket FEED RATE Traversing speed of the tool in the working plane DIRECTION OF THE MILLING PATH DR Climb milling with M3 DR Up cut milling with M3 Fig 8 10 Cutter path for roughing out Fig 8 11 Distances and i
27. STOP key TL e Programming of cycles program section repeats srop DEF CAL SED CALL and subprograms moj Tool Too PL PR ENT DEF CALL z e NO ENT key e Tool related entries c cm e Operating modes FORM e Incremental and ee polar coordinates raphi ratin a SE ope at g HEIDENHAIN a Override controls for spindle speed The functions of the individual keys are de and feed rate scribed on the inside front cover The machine operating buttons such as C for NC start are described in the manual for your machine tool In this manual they are shown in gray The Screen Brightness control BE 212 only Header The header of the screen shows the selected operating mode Dialog questions and TNC messages also appear there TNC 360 1 3 1 Introduction 1 1 The TNC 360 Screen Layout MANUAL and EL HANDWHEEL operating modes A machine operating mode has been selected MRNURL OPERRTION NM 85 745 SON 23 290 e means control 1 5 3 0 5 Is in operation e Status display e g feed rate F miscellaneous function M A program run operating mode has been selected PROGRAM RUN FULL SEQUENCE 1 BLK FORM 1 2 X 0 e z eo 2 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 program Y 100 c 100 TOOL DEF 1 L R S TOOL CALL 1 S Status display 100 000 ROT 344 500 SCL 0 955100 e S 1400 F MS 9 The screen layout is the same in the operating modes PROGRAM RUN PROGRAMMING AND EDITING and TEST RUN The current blo
28. T E E A E TETRR TU dE Setting the digitizing parameters ssssssssses m Im n ene nnne nnne Contour Line Digitizing eeeseeeeseeeeee enne enne nnn nnn nnn nns Al CIC OO SELON fe RR m PT CH Eis 19 e QC ENTRO E RP PEPE ir e E A AE E E AAEE AEE EE E AE EEE Liriite or tne scanning tange essiri e a a qucd vu aime a Setting the digitizing parameters ssssssssssssse m Im nennen rennen Using Digitized Data in a Part Program eren Executing a part program from digitized data sssssssssse eee ve 92 9 2 10 TNC 360 External Data Transfer 10 1 Menu for External Data Transfer eeeeeeeerneeennnnnnnenn 10 2 eee VSS TNS SU NE E RU TTE 10 2 10 2 Pin Layout and Connecting Cable for the Data Interface 10 3 Bleue LOL UM REESE UT TT 10 3 10 3 Preparing the Devices for Data Transfer 10 4 mimis MB e MERE TN UT 10 4 Non HEIDENHBAIN devices ipiis dare ame OR HR RP Rb EPRY RR BER EC ER a Er kac 10 4 11 MOD Functions 11 1 Selecting Changing and Exiting the MOD Functions 11 2 11 2 NC and PLC Software Numbers eeeeeeeeneeee nennen 11 2 11 3 Entering the Code Number eeeeeeeeeeeee enne nenne nnns 11 3 11 4 Setting the External Data Interfaces e
29. X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 2 5 TOOL CALL 1 Z S1000 CYCL DEF 14 0 CONTOUR GEOM CYCL DEF 14 1 CONTOUR LABEL 2 3 1 CYCL DEF 6 0 ROUGH OUT CYCL DEF 6 1 SET UP 2 DEPTH 10 CYCL DEF 6 2 PECKG 5 F500 ALLOW 0 CYCL DEF 6 3 ANGLE 0 F500 L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 L X450 Y 50 FMAX M3 L Z 2 FMAX M99 L Z 100 FMAX M2 LBL 1 L X 5 Y 5 RL L X 95 LY 95 L X 5 LY 5 LBL O LBEZ LBL O LBL 3 LBL O END PGM 360823 MM Area of inclusion Elements A and B are to be left unmachined including the mutually overlapped surface e Aand B must be islands e The first island must start outside the second island LBL 2 L X10 Y 50 RR CC X435 Y 50 C X 10 Y 50 DR LBL O LBL GS L X90 Y 50 RR CC X 65 Y 50 C X 90 Y 50 DR LBL O END PGM 360823 MM Fig 8 23 Overlapping islands area of inclusion uit The supplements and subprograms are entered in the main program on page 8 23 TNC 360 8 23 8 Cycles 8 3 SL Cycles 8 24 Area of exclusion All of surface A is to be left unmachined except the portion overlapped by B e A must be an island and B a pocket e B must start inside A 22 LBL2 23 L X410 Y 50 RR 24 CC X 35 Y 50 25 CX 10 Y 50 DR 26 LBLO 27 LBL3 28 LX 40 Y 50 RL 29 CC X 65 Y 50 30 CX 40 Y 50 DR 31 LBLO 32 END PGM 360823 MM Area of intersection Only the area of intersection of A and B is to remain unmachined e A and B must be islands e A must start inside B 22 LBL2 23
30. Z X 0 Y 0 Z 20 Workpiece blank MIN point BLK FORM X 100 Y 100 Z 0 Workpiece blank MAX point TOOL DEF 5 L 5 R 10 Tool definition TOOL CALL 5 Z S500 Tool call L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 Retract spindle and insert tool L X 10 Y 5 FMAX Pre position in X Y L Z 15 FMAX M3 Pre position to the working depth L X 0 Y 5 RR F200 Move with radius compensation RR and reduced feed F200 to the first contour point Program the first straight line for corner B Chamfer block inserts a chamfer with L 10 mm Program the second straight line for corner Retract the tool in X Y 12 and Z 13 return to block 1 13 and end program CON OMOoORWN O L Z 100 FMAX M2 END PGM 360513 MM TNC 360 9 19 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 4 Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates Circle and circular arcs The TNC can control two machine axes simultane ously to move the tool in a circular path Fig 5 17 Circular arc and circle center Circle Center CC You can define a circular movement by entering its center CC A circle center can also serve as reference pole for polar coordinates Fig 5 18 Circle center coordinates Direction of Rotation DR When there is no tangential transition to another contour element enter the mathematical direction of rotation DR where e a clockwise direction of rotation is mathematical ly negative DR e a counterclockwise direction of rotation is mathematically positive DR Fig 5 19 Dir
31. be rotated to a given angular stop position oriented spindle stop Visual display unit and operating panel The monochrome screen clearly displays all information necessary for operating the TNC In addition to the CRT monitor BE 212 the TNC 360 can also be used with a flat luminescent screen BF 110 The keys on the operating panel are grouped according to their functions This simplifies programming and the application of the TNC functions Programming The TNC 360 is programmed directly at the machine with the easy to understand HEIDENHAIN plain language dialog format Programming in ISO or in DNC mode is also possible Graphics The graphic simulation feature allows programs to be tested before actual machining Various types of graphic representation can be selected Compatibility Any part program can be run on the TNC 360 as long as the commands in the program are within the functional scope of the TNC 360 TNC 360 1 Introduction 1 1 The TNC 360 The Operating Panel The keys on the TNC operating panel are identified with easy to remember abbreviations and symbols The keys are grouped accord ing to function e Program selection e Path function keys PGM CALL e External data transfer gn Co e Probing functions e Editing functions 5 6 e Numerical entries 2 3 e Axis selection e Q parameter programming e GOTO statement e Arrow keys Bm e TOUCH DEL n en _ gt PROBE m ho oc 4 e
32. begins scanning the model e LIMIT IN NORMAL LINES DIRECTION Distance by which the probe is retracted from the model after a stylus deflection e LINE SPACING Offset by which the probe moves to start a new contour line The algebraic sign determines the direction e MAX PROBE POINT INTERVAL Maximum distance between digitized positions at e The LINE SPACING and MAX PROBE POINT INTERVAL cannot exceed 5 mm e After digitizing the TNC moves the 3D touch probe back to the programmed STARTING POINT 9 8 TNC 360 9 Digitizing 3D Surfaces 9 4 Contour Line Digitizing Limits of the scanning range e n the touch probe axis The defined range must be lower than the highest point of the 3D model by at least the radius of the probe tip e n the plane perpendicular to the touch probe The defined range must be larger than the 3D model by at least the radius of the probe The probe starts scanning in the direction that was entered as the STARTING PROBE AXIS AND DIRECTION The scanned positions are digitized at intervals equal to or less than the MAX PROBE POINT interval When the probe has orbited the model and re turned to the first probe point it then moves in Z direction by the programmed LINE SPACING e Positive LINE SPACING offset in positive Z direction e Negative LINE SPACING offset in negative Z direction The probe must return to the coordinates of the first digitized position to within one quarter of the programme
33. block by switching to the PROGRAM RUN SINGLE BLOCK Select PROGRAM RUN SINGLE BLOCK TNC 360 3 Test Run and Program Run 3 2 Program Run Resuming program run after an interruption TNC 360 When a program run is interrupted the TNC stores The data of the last called tool Active coordinate transformations The coordinates of the last defined circle center The count of a running program section repetition The number of the last CALL LBL block Resuming program run with the START button You can resume program run by pressing the START button if the program was interrupted in one of the following ways e Pressing the machine STOP button e A programmed interruption e Pressing the EMERGENCY STOP button machine dependent function Resuming program run after an error e f the error message is not blinking Remove the cause of the error Clear the error message from the screen cC Restart the program e f the error message is blinking Switch off the TNC and the machine Remove the cause of the error Restart the program e f you cannot correct the error Write down the error message and contact your repair service agency 3 5 3 Test Run and Program Run 3 3 Blockwise Transfer Executing Long Programs Part programs that occupy more memory than the TNC provides can be drip fed block by block from an external storage device During program run the TNC transfers program blocks from a flo
34. capacity of the external storage device After block 65535 the numbering begins again with O e he probe scans the contour up to the next contour line e he TNC automatically marks the program beginning and end for data transfer TNC 360 JTI 9 Digitizing 3D Surfaces 9 5 Using Digitized Data in a Part Program Executing a part program from digitized data Before the digitized data program can be transferred blockwise see page 3 6 and executed the TNC must receive the following informa tion from another program Tool radius and length Feed rate of tool Radius compensation Spindle axis and rom Miscellaneous function for spindle The program must contain the following five lines BEGIN PGM 444 MM Any program number TOOL DEF 1 L 30 R 4 TOOL CALL 1 Z 1000 Tool axis and spindle speed L RO F500 M3 No radius compensation M xy M function defined by the machine builder through which the tool feed rate and direction of spindle rotation remain effective even when a new program the digitized data program is selected END PGM 444 MM uit At the end of the digitized data program generated by the CONTOUR LINES cycle the tool is returned to the pro grammed starting point 9 12 TNC 360 10 External Data Transfer The TNC features an RS 232 C data interface for transferring data to and from other devices It can PROGRAMMING AND EDITING be used in the PROGRAMMING AND EDITING SELECTION ENT END NOENT operating mode an
35. coordinate system named after the French mathematician and philosopher Renatus Cartesius 1596 to 1650 The Cartesian coordinate system is based on three coordinate axes X Y and Z which are parallel to the machine guideways The figure to the right illustrates the right hand rule for remembering the three axis directions the middle finger is pointing in the positive direction of the tool axis from the workpiece toward the tool the Z axis the thumb is pointing in the positive X direction and the index finger in the positive Y direction Fig 1 10 Designations and directions of the axes on a milling machine TNC 360 1 7 1 Introduction 1 2 Fundamentals of NC Additional axes The TNC can control machines which have more than three axes U V and W are secondary linear axes parallel to the main axes X Y and Z respectively see illustration Rotary axes are also possible They are designated as axes A B and C Polar coordinates The Cartesian coordinate system is especially useful for parts whose dimensions are mutually perpendicular But when workpieces contain circular arcs or when dimensions are given in degrees it is often easier to use polar coordinates In contrast to Cartesian coordinates which are three dimensional polar coordinates can only describe positions in a plane The datum for polar coordinates is the circle center CC To describe a position in polar coordi nates think of a scale whose datum p
36. coordinates of the position X 10mm Y 5mm 20 mm Incremental coordinates of the position IX 10mm IY 2 10mm IZ 2 15 mm If you are drilling or milling a workpiece according to a workpiece drawing Fig 1 18 Position definition through with incremental coordinates you are moving the tool by the coordinates incremental coordinates An incremental position definition is therefore intended as an immediately relative definition This is also the case when a position is defined by the distance to go to the target position here the relative datum is located at the target position The distance to go has a negative algebraic sign if the target position lies in the negative axis direction from the actual position The polar coordinate system can also express both types of dimensions e Absolute polar coordinates always refer to the Y pole CC and the reference axis e Incremental polar coordinates always refer to the last programmed nominal position of the tool X Fig 1 19 Incremental dimensions in polar coordinates designated with an I TNC 360 1 11 1 Introduction 1 2 Fundamentals of NC Example Workpiece drawing with coordinate dimensioning according to ISO 129 or DIN 406 Part 11 Figure 179 Dimensions in mm Coordinate Coordinates origin 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 d 9 3 3 3 B Y1 Y2 r w NJ WNNNWN gt VDYQAQQ A QA AQAA
37. e Y plane Y axis e X plane Z axis The active rotation angle is indicated in the status display with ROT Input data The angle of rotation is entered in degrees Entry range 360 to 4360 absolute or incremental Cancellation To cancel a rotation enter a rotation angle of 0 Example Rotation A contour subprogram 1 is to be executed once as originally programmed referenced to the datum X 0 Y 0 and then executed again referenced to X 0 Y 460 and rotated by 35 Continued 8 35 8 Cycles 8 4 Cycles for Coordinate Transformations Cycle in a part program BEGIN PGM 360838 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 5 TOOL CALL 1 Z 1000 L Z 100 RO FMAX CALL LBL 1 Non rotated execution 1 CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM Rotated execution Sequence CYCL DEF 7 1 X470 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 60 1 Datum shift 2 CYCL DEF T00 ROTATION 5 cciascssnsssiienceaidoinmnatiben 2 Rotation CYCL DEF 10 1 ROT 35 Cl M C X 3 Subprogram call CYCL DEF 10 0 ROTATION Cancel rotation CYCL DEF 10 1 ROT 0 CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM Cancel datum shift CYCL DEF 7 1 X 0 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 0 L Z 100 RO FMAX M2 LBL 1 OCONDOBWN Oc LBL O END PGM 360838 MM The corresponding subprogram see page 8 32 is programmed after M02 SCALING FACTOR Cycle 11 Application This cycle allows you to increase or reduce the size of contours within a program such as for shrink
38. functions Editing means entering adding to or changing commands for the TNC The TNC enables you to Enter data with the keyboard Select desired blocks and words Insert and erase blocks and words Correct erroneously entered values and commands Easily clear TNC messages from the screen Types of input Numbers coordinate axes and radius compensation are entered directly by keyboard You can set the algebraic sign either before during or after a numerical entry Selecting blocks and words e o calla block with a certain block number aa BD The entered block is shown between two horizontal lines e To move one block forward or backward Press the vertical cursor keys or e o select individual words in a block e To find the same word in other blocks B 0 Press the horizontal cursor keys Select the word in the block Jump to the same word in other blocks TNC 360 4 3 4 Programming 4 1 Editing Part Programs Inserting blocks Additional program blocks can be inserted behind any existing block except the PGM END block 4 GOTO Select the block in front of the desired insertion or BE oO cC Program the new block The block numbers of all subsequent blocks automatically increase by one Editing and inserting words Highlighted words can be changed as desired simply overwrite the old value with the new one Plain language dialog indicates the type of information required After en
39. is determined by MP7420 e We recommend a graphical test run before you machine the part This will show if all contours were correctly defined e All coordinate transtormations are allowed in the subprograms for the subcontours e F and M words are ignored in the subprograms for the subcontours The following examples will at first use only the ROUGH OUT cycle Later as the examples become more complex the full range of possibili ties of this group of cycles will be illustrated CONTOUR GEOMETRY Cycle 14 Application A A Cycle 14 CONTOUR GEOMETRY contains the list of subcontours that make up the complete contour Input data Enter the LABEL numbers of the subprograms A maximum of 12 subprograms can be listed Effect Cycle 14 becomes effective as soon as it is defined Fig 8 13 Example of an SL contour A B pockets C D islands TNC 360 9 17 8 Cycles 8 3 SL Cycles ROUGH OUT Cycle 6 Process Cycle 6 specifies the cutting path and partitioning e he tool is positioned in the tool axis above the first infeed point taking the finishing allowance into account e hen the tool penetrates into the workpiece at the programmed feed rate for pecking Milling the contour e he tool mills the first subcontour at the specified feed rate taking the finishing allowance into account e When the tool returns to the infeed point it is advanced to the next pecking depth This process is repeated until the prog
40. of the basic rotation is shown in the Es rotation angle display When a basic rotation Is active the abbreviation ROT is highlighted in the Status display 2S 1400 F 8 Fig 2 12 Displaying the angle of an active basic rotation To cancel a basic rotation Select BASIC again ROTATION ANGLE Set the rotation angle to O TNC 360 2 13 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 5 Setting the Datum with the 3D Touch Probe System The following functions are listed for datum setting in the TCH PROBE menu e Datum setting in any axis with SURFACE DATUM e Setting a corner as datum with CORNER DATUM e Setting the datum at a circle center with CIRCLE CENTER DATUM To set the datum in a specific axis Fig 2 13 Probing for the datum in the Z axis Select the probe function SURFACE DATUM Move the touch probe to a position near the touch point SURFACE DATUM X X Y Y Z Z Select the probe direction and axis in which you wish to set the datum for example Z in the Z direction Probe the workpiece e g 3 Enter the nominal coordinate of the datum 2 14 TNC 360 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 5 Setting the Datum with the 3D Touch Probe System Corner as datum Fig 2 14 Probing procedure for finding the coordinates of the corner P Select the CORNER DATUM probe function To use the points that just probed for a basic rotation TOUCH POINTS OF BASIC RO
41. parameters FNO ASSIGN 9 Open a new block with the function FNO ASSIGN cC PARAMETER NUMBER FOR RESULT e g G Enter Q parameter number FIRST VALUE PARAMETER 6 Enter value or another Q parameter whose value is to be assigned to i O5 Resulting NC block FNO Q5 6 The value to the right of the equal sign is assigned to the Q parameter to the left 7 3 7 VR 7 4 Programming with Q Parameters O Parameters Instead of Numerical Values Example for exercise Full circle Circle center CC Beginning and end of circular arc C Milling depth Tool radius Part program without O parameters gt OONDOBWN O BEGIN 360074 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 6 L 0 R 15 TOOL CALL 6 Z S500 L X 50 Y 0 RR F100 C X 50 Y 0 DR L X 70 Y 20 RO FMAX L Z 100 FMAX M2 END PGM 360074 MM Part program with Q parameters OONODAKRWN O BEGIN PGM 3600741 MM FN 0 BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 010 R Q11 TOOL CALL 1 Z S500 CC X 06 Y Q7 L Z Q1 RO FMAX M6 L X 02 Y O3 F MAX L Z 05 F MAX M3 L X 08 Y 09 RR FQ20 C X 08 Y 09 DR L X 04 Y 03 RO FMAX L Z Q01 FMAX M2 END PGM 3600741 MM Start of program Blank form definition Tool definition Tool call Coordinates of circle center CC Insert tool Pre position tool Move to first compensation point with radius compensation Mill circular arc C around circ
42. parameters can represent for example Coordinate values Feed rates Spindle speeds Cycle data A Q parameter is designated by the letter Q and a number between 0 and 113 Fig 7 1 Q parameters as variables Q parameters also enable you to program contours that are defined through mathematical functions With Q parameters you can make the execution of machining steps dependent on logical conditions Q parameters and numerical values can also be mixed within a pro gram The TNC automatically assigns data to some Q parameters For example parameter Q108 is assigned the current tool radius You will find a list of these parameters in chapter 12 TNC 360 7 Programming with Q Parameters 7 1 Part Families Q Parameters Instead of Numerical Values TNC 360 The Q parameter function FNO ASSIGN is used for assigning numerical values to O parameters Example Q10 25 This enables you to enter variable Q parameters in the program instead of numerical values Example L X Q10 corresponds to L X 25 For part families the characteristic workpiece dimensions can be pro grammed as Q parameters Each of these parameters is then assigned a different value when the parts are machined Example Cylinder with Q parameters Cylinder radius R UI Cylinder height H 2 Cylinder Z1 Q1 30 Q2 10 Cylinder Z2 Q1 10 Q2 50 Fig 7 2 Workpiece dimensions as O parameters To assign numerical values to Q
43. polar coordinates POLAR COORDINATES ANGLE PA Enter PA incrementally O Enter the total angle of tool traverse along the helix for example B000 ie cC e g Z Enter the tool axis for example Z CU COORDINATES If necessary Identify the height entry as incremental Enter the height H of the helix for example 5 mm Terminate coordinate input ROTATION CLOCKWISE DR Clockwise helix DR or counterclockwise DR RADIUS COMP RL RR NO COMP Rt Enter radius compensation according to the table If necessary enter also Feed rate Miscellaneous function Resulting NC block CP IPA4 1080 IZ 5 DR AL 5 34 TNC 360 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 5 Path Contours Polar Coordinates TNC 360 Example for exercise Tapping Given Data Thread Right hand internal thread M64 x 1 5 Pitch P Start angle A Endangle A 360 0 at Z 20 Thread revolutions n 8 Thread overrun e at start of thread ne 0 5 e at end of thread Hi 0 5 Number of cuts 1 Calculating the input values Total height H Her P amp S mm Nn n not ne 8 05 0 5 9 H 1 5 mmo 13 5 mm Incremental polar coordinate angle IPA IPA n 360 n 9 see total height H IPA 360 9 3240 Start angle A with thread overrun n n 0 5 n 1 360 n 0 5 180 half a revolution The starting angle of the helix is advanced by 180 With positive rotation this means that A with n A 180
44. speed S Pe nudes Units F in mm min d in mm S in rpm The feed rate read from the diagram must be multiplied by the number of tool teeth Example Depth of cut per tooth d 0 1mm Spindle speed S 500rpm Feed rate from diagram F 50 mm min Number of tool teeth n 6 Feed rate to enter F 300 mm min at The diagram provides approximate values and assumes the following e Downfeed in the tool axis 0 5 R and the tool is cutting through solid metal or e Lateral metal to air ratio 0 25 R and downfeed in the tool axis R Depth of cut per tooth d mm Spindle speed S rpm 12 15 TNC 360 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 4 Diagrams for Machining Feed rate F for tapping The feed rate for tapping F is calculated from the thread pitch p and the spindle speed S D ques Units F in mm min p in mm 1 o in rpm The feed rate for tapping can be read directly from the diagram below Example Thread pitch p 1mm rev Spindle speed D 100 rpm Feed rate for tapping F 100 mm min Thread pitch p mm rev Spindle speed S rpm TNC 360 12 17 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 5 Features Specifications and Accessories TNC 360 12 18 Description Contouring control for up to 4 axes with oriented spindle stop Components Logic unit keyboard monochrome flat luminescent screen or CRT Data interface RS 232 C V 24 Simultaneous axis control for contour elements e Straight
45. stylus breaks when the stylus is changed when the probe feed rate is changed in case of irregularities such as those resulting from machine heating During calibration the TNC finds the effective length of the stylus and the effective radius of the ball tip To calibrate the 3D touch probe clamp a ring gauge with known height and known internal radius to the machine table To calibrate the effective length Fig 2 9 Calibrating the touch probe length Set the datum in the tool axis such that for the machine tool table Z O CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE LENGTH TOOL AXIS Z If necessary enter the tool axis for example Z Move the highlight to DATUM Enter the height of the ring gauge for example 5 mm Move the touch probe to a position just above the ring gauge If necessary change the displayed traverse direction The 3D touch probe contacts the upper surface of the ring gauge 2 10 TNC 360 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 4 3D Touch Probe Systems To calibrate the effective radius Position the ball tip in the bore hole of the ring gauge Fig 2 10 Calibrating the touch probe radius gt SURFACE DATUM m n Select the calibration function for the ball tip radius CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE RADIUS X X Y Y n select RADIUS RING GAUGE RADIUS RING GAUGE 0 Ex Enter the radius of the ring gauge here 5 mm The 3D touch probe contacts one position on the bore for each axis direction
46. the second 15 LBL 1 16 LX 10 Y 50 RL 17 CC X 35 Y 50 18 C X410 Y 50 DR 19 LBLO 20 LBL2 21 L X490 Y 50 RL 22 CC X 65 Y 50 23 C X490 Y 50 DR 24 LBLO Area of exclusion Surface A is to be machined without the portion overlapped by B e A must be a pocket and B an island e A must start outside of B 15 LBL1 16 LX 10 Y 50 RL 17 CC X 35 Y 50 18 C X410 Y 50 DR 19 LBLO 20 LBL2 21 L X490 Y 50 RR 22 CC X 65 Y 50 23 C X490 Y 50 DR 24 LBLO Area of intersection Only the area of intersection of A and B is to be machined e Aand B must be pockets e A must start inside B 15 LBL1 16 L X 60 Y 50 RL 17 CC X 35 Y 50 18 C X460 Y 50 DR 19 LBLO 20 LBL2 21 L X490 Y 50 RL 22 CC X 65 Y 50 23 C X490 Y 50 DR 24 LBLO Fig 9 20 Fig 8 21 Overlapping pockets area of exclusion W Fig 8 22 The subprograms are used in the main program on page 8 21 Overlapping pockets area of inclusion Overlapping pockets area of intersection TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 3 SL Cycles Subprograms Overlapping islands An island always requires a pocket as an additional boundary here LBL 1 A pocket can also reduce several island surfaces The starting point of this pocket must be within the first island The starting points of the remaining intersecting island contours must lie outside the pocket OONODOBWN Oc 26 27 9 2 BEGIN PGM 360823 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 7 20 BLK FORM 0 2
47. twice Main program 360061 1 is executed from block 28 to block 35 Program section between block 35 and block 15 is repeated once Repetition of step 2 within step 4 Repetition of step 3 within step 4 Main program 360061 1 is executed from block 36 to block 50 End of program 6 11 6 6 4 Subprograms and Program Section Repeats Nesting Repeating subprograms 6 12 Program layout O e g 10 A e g 19 20 e g 28 29 BEGIN PGM 3600612 MM LBL 1 CAREA Me ear eects eee O Subprogram call CANES ine PIE TII UM Program section repeat L Z 100 RO FMAX M2 nmm Last program block of main program with M2 fl NC e A EA TE E Em Beginning of subprogram B lot End of subprogram END PGM 3600612 MM iii i oth End of main program Sequence of program execution Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Main program 3600612 is executed to block 11 Subprogram 2 is called and executed Program section between block 12 and block 10 is repeated twice subprogram 2 is repeated twice Main program 3600612 is executed from block 13 to block 19 End of program TNC 360 7 7 2 Programming with Q Parameters Q Parameters are used for e Programming families of parts e Defining contours through mathematical functions A family of parts can be programmed in the TNC in a single part pro gram You do this by entering variables called O parameters instead of numerical values Q
48. with Q Parameters 7 8 Examples for Exercise Bolt hole circle Bore pattern distributed over a full circle Entry values are listed below in program blocks 1 8 Movements in the plane are programmed with polar coordinates Bore pattern distributed over a circle sector Entry values are listed below in lines 20 24 Q5 Q7 and Q8 remain the same Part program GIN PGM 3600715 MM Load data for bolt hole circle 1 Circle center X coordinate Circle center Y coordinate Number of holes Circle radius Start angle Hole angle increment 0 distribute hole over 360 Setup clearance Total hole depth OO OO OOOO BE FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN BL 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 K FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 72 20 10 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 11 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 4 12 TOOL CALL 1 Z S2500 13 CYCL DEF 1 0 PECKING Definition of the pecking cycle 14 CYCL DEF 1 1 SET UP Q7 Setup clearance 15 CYCL DEF 1 2 DEPTH 08 Total hole depth according to the load data 16 CYCL DEF 1 3 PECKG 5 17 CYCL DEF 14 DWELL 0 18 CYCL DEF 1 5 F250 19 CALL LBL 1 Call bolt hole circle 1 load data for bolt hole circle 2 only re enter changed data 20 FN 0 Q1 90 New circle center X coordinate 21 FN 0 Q2 25 New circle center Y coordinate 22 FN 0 Q32 5 New number of holes 23 FN 0 Q4 35 New circle radius 24 FN 0 Q6 30 New hole angle increment not a full circle 5 holes at 30 intervals 25 CALL LBL 1 Cal
49. 0 8 29 8 Cycles 8 4 Cycles for Coordinate Transformations Coordinate transformations enable a programmed contour to be changed in Its position orientation or size A contour can be shifted cycle 7 DATUM SHIFT mirrored cycle 8 MIRROR IMAGE rotated cycle 10 ROTATION made smaller or larger cycle 11 SCALING The original contour must be identified as a subpro gram or program section Activation of coordinate transformation Immediate activation A coordinate transformation becomes effective as soon as it is defined it does not have to be called The transformation remains effective until it is changed or cancelled To cancel a coordinate transformation e Define cycle for basic behavior with new values such as scaling factor 1 0 e Execute miscellaneous function M02 M30 or END PGM block depending on machine para meters e Select a new program Fig 8 35 Examples of coordinate transformations 9 30 TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 4 Cycles for Coordinate Transformations DATUM SHIFT Cycle 7 Z Application With the aid of a datum shift machining operations can be repeated at various locations on the workpiece y Y Z N x based on the new datum Shifted axes are identified in the status display by the letter N Activation t D X When the DATUM SHIFT cycle has been defined all coordinate data are N Input data Only the coordinates of the new datum need to be entered Absolute values are ba
50. 0 FMAX L X 120 IY 2 5 CALL LBL 2 REP40 40 L Z 100 FMAX M2 END PGM 360067 MM 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 g h Retract reposition TNC 360 6 6 Subprograms and Program Section Repeats 6 3 Main Program as Subprogram Principle A program is executed until another program is called block with CALL PGM EE O BEGIN PGM A FO BEGIN PGM B The called program is executed from beginning to end P Execution of the program from which the other program was called is then resumed with the block CALL PGM B following the CALL PGM block END PGM A END PGM B Fig 6 3 Flow diagram of a main program as subprogram S jump B return jump Operating limits e Programs called from an external data storage medium such as a floppy disk must not contain any subprograms or program section repeats e No labels are needed to call main programs as subprograms e he called program must not contain the miscel laneous functions M2 or M30 e he called program must not contain a jump into the calling program Calling a main program as a subprogram PROGRAM NUMBER Enter the main program call and the number of the program you want to call Resulting NC block CALL PGM NAME Wu A main program can also be called with Cycle 12 PGM CALL see page 8 38 6 8 TNC 360 6 Subprograms and Program Section Repeats 6 4 Nesting Subprograms and program section repeats can be nested in t
51. 1 JDIHRECIN X TCH PROBE 6 2 TRAVEL 0 5 L SPAC 0 2 P P INT 0 8 at Before cycle 6 MEANDER the program must have a range defined in digitizing cycle 5 RANGE TNC 360 9 7 9 Digitizing 3D Surfaces 9 4 Contour Line Digitizing The CONTOUR LINES cycle scans a 3D contour by circling around the model in a series of upwardly successive levels Fig 9 4 Scanning one level of a 3D surface Starting position e coordinate of the MIN point from the RANGE cycle if the line spacing was entered as a positive value or Z coordinate of the MAX point if the line spacing was entered as a negative value e Define the X and Y coordinates in the CONTOUR LINES cycle e Automatically approach the starting point first in Z to the CLEARANCE HEIGHT from RANGE cycle then in X and Y Contour approach The probe moves towards the surface in the programmed direction When it makes contact the TNC stores the position coordinates Input data e IME LIMIT The time within which the probe must orbit the model and reach the first probe point If the time limit is exceeded the control aborts the digitizing cycle The input value O means there is no time limit e SIARTING POINT Coordinates of the starting point in the plane perpendicular to the probe axis e AXIS AND DIRECTION OF APPROACH Coordinate axis and direction in which the probe approaches the model e SIARTING PROBE AXIS AND DIRECTION Coordinate axis and direction in which the probe
52. 100 FMAX M2 END PGM 360529 MM General data and first contour point corner point 1 Corner points 2 to and last contour point at 1 absolute and incremental programming Retract the tool and end the program 99 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 5 Path Contours Polar Coordinates Circular path CP around pole CC The polar coordinate radius is also the radius of the arc It is already defined by the distance from the pole CC to the starting point S Input e Polar coordinate angle PA for arc end point e Direction of rotation DR at e For incremental values enter the same sign for DR and PA e You can enter values from 5400 to 5400 for PA Fig 5 37 Circular path around a pole COORDINATES Select polar coordinates POLAR COORDINATES ANGLE PA Enter the angle PA of the arc end point PA 10 Zo i ROTATION CLOCKWISE DR Set the direction of rotation for the tool path for example negative for clockwise rotation If necessary enter also Radius compensation Feed rate Miscellaneous function Resulting NC block CP PA 10 DR 5 30 TNC 360 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 5 Path Contours Polar Coordinates TNC 360 Example exercise Milling a full circle Circle radius Circle center coordinates Milling depth Tool radius Part program OMNI OORWN OO BEGIN PGM 360531 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 15 TOOL
53. 180 Starting coordinate Z P n nj 1 5 8 5 mm 12 75 Note The thread is being cut in an upward direction towards Z 0 therefore Z S negative Part program OCONOOIRWN Oc BEGIN PGM 360535 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 5 TOOL CALL 1 Z S 1500 L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 L X 50 Y 50 FMAX cL L Z 12 75 RO FMAX M3 LP PR 32 PA 180 RL F100 CP IPA 3240 IZ 13 5 DR RL F200 L X450 Y 50 RO L Z 100 FMAX M2 END PGM 360535 MM 5 35 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 6 M Functions for Contouring Behavior and Coordinate Data The following miscellaneous functions enable you to change the TNC s standard contouring behavior in certain situations such as e Smoothing corners e Machining small contour steps e Machining open contour corners e Entering machine referenced coordinates Smoothing corners M90 5 36 Standard behavior without M90 At angular transitions such as internal corners and contours without radius compensation i e with RO the TNC stops the axes briefly Advantages e Heduced wear on the machine e High definition of corners Note In program blocks with radius compensation RR RL at external corners the TNC automatically inserts a transition arc Smoothing corners with M90 The tool moves around corners at constant speed Advantages e Provides a smoother more continuous surface e Reduces machining time Example app
54. C 360 Cycles 8 3 SL Cycles Example Roughing out a rectangular pocket Rectangular pocket with rounded corners Tool center cut end mill ISO 1641 radius 5 mm Coordinates of the island corners X Y 70 mm 60 mm 15 mmi 60 mm 15 mm 20 mm 70 mm 20 mm Coordinates of the auxiliary pocket X Y 5 mm 5 mm D 105 mm 5 mm 105 mm 105 mm 9 5 mm 105 mm starting point for machining X 40 mm Y 60 mm Setup clearance 2 mm Milling depth 15 mm Pecking depth mm Feed rate for pecking mm min Finishing allowance Rough out angle Feed rate for milling mm min Cycle in a part program BEGIN PGM 360819 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 3 TOOL CALL 1 Z 1000 CYCL DEF 14 0 CONTOUR GEOM CYCL DEF 14 1 CONTOUR LABEL 2 1 CYCL DEF 6 0 ROUGH OUT CYCL DEF 6 1 SET UP 2 DEPTH 15 CYCL DEF 6 2 PECKG 8 F100 ALLOW 0 CYCL DEF 6 3 ANGLE 0 F500 L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 L X 40 Y 50 FMAX M3 L Z 2 FMAX M99 L Z 100 FMAX M2 LBL 1 L X 40 Y 60 RR LX 15 RND R12 L Y 20 RND R12 L X 70 RND R12 L Y 60 RND R12 L X 40 LBL O LBL 2 L X 5 Y b RL L X 105 L Y 105 L X 5 L Y 5 LBL O END PGM 360819 MM 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 g TNC 360 Cycle definition ROUGH OUT Pre positioning in X Y spindle on Pre positioning in Z cycle call Subprogram 1 Geometry of the island From radius compensation RR and counterclockwise machining the control conclu
55. Coordinate Transformations eeeeeeeeeee 8 30 DATUM SMHIFTACGYVCIG E M EC 8 31 MIRROR IMAGE Cycle Bj 8 33 ROTATION CVGIE TO m 8 35 SCALING FACTOR Cyle TI m 8 36 Blaeu o mee T A a E 8 38 DECE TIME i NER 8 38 PROGRAM CALL Cycle TZ resqundeuscunmtides ute E A RENS CHE Ida n RU 9 38 ORIENTED SPINDLE STOP Cycle TA cusonttnicerattisn Kb i ubt luat as Sor ERE e da adn Hepbi aS Lasbesthshies 8 39 9 Digitizing 3D Surfaces 9 1 9 2 9 3 9 4 9 5 TNC 360 The Digitizing Process eeeeeesseeeeene ee nennen nne nnn nne nnn nnn nnns Generating programs with digitized data ssssssssssss Henn Overview Digitizing CyCIES marsipaania m TT naaa a Ri Transtering digitized data assesexcote tunt tadiadaanarauhaestiovionw2eatessbandags taape naa Gaba dita eiaha Cin Digitizing Range a nannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnennnnnnnrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnne UER circ EEEIEE TEE EE E TEE TE EE ETE A E E EEE EE T te Setting the scanning range isssssssssssse HH eme eee nnn rnen nnne nne nne nnn nnn nnn nnns Line By Line Digitizing leeeeeseeeeeeseee eene nenne nnn nnn nnn nnn nn MOOS IMIOM sxcuisse EEUU COMOUr APPOGG MMRMRCMENERRCR PTE CF N tipo E A A A E E E E E
56. D ec Corner rounding Tool Functions Eee jojo DEF CALL R L IR Cycles Subprograms and Program Section Repeats CYCL CYCL DEF CALL LBL LBL SET CALL Enter or call tool length and radius Activate tool radius compensation Define and call cycles Enter and call labels for subprogramming and program section repeats Abort an interrupted program run or enter a program stop in a program Set a datum with the 3D touch probe or enter touch probe functions in a program STOP TOUCH PROBE Entering Numbers and Coordinate Axes Editing Select or enter coordinate axes in a program Z C 3 O D T Decimal point _ Algebraic sign Polar coordinates Incremental values Q parameters for part families or in mathematical functions Actual position capture B O 7 fie Ignore dialog queries delete words ms 26 Confirm entry and resume dialog Conclude block Clear numerical entry or TNC message Abort dialog delete program sections EJ EJ pal TNC Guideline From workpiece drawing to program controlled machining TNC Refer to operating mode Section Preparation 1 Select tools 2 Set workpiece datum for coordinate system 3 Determine spindle speeds and feed rates 12 4 4 owitch on machine 1 3 D Traverse reference marks w or A 1 9 1 6 Clamp workpiece 7 oet the datum Reset position display 7a With the 3D
57. End of command block Positive acknowledgment Negative acknowledgment End of data transfer 12 2 TNC 360 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 1 General User Parameters Integrating the TNC interfaces to external devices Data format and transmission stop Input value number between 0 and 255 Sum of the individual values from the value column MP 5020 Function Selections Values e Number of data bits 7 data bits ASCII code 8th bit parity 8 data bits ASCII code 9th bit parity Block Check Character BCC BCC can be any character BCC control character not allowed Transmission stop with RTS Transmission stop with DC3 Character parity Character parity Not desired Desired Number of stop bits 1 stop bits stop bits 1 stop bit 1 stop bit Example To adapt the TNC interface to an external non HEIDENHAIN device use the following setting 8 data bits BCC any character transmission stop with DC3 even charac ter parity character parity desired 2 stop bits Input value 1 0 8 0 32 64 105 so enter 105 for MP 5020 Interface type MP 5030 Function Selections e Interface type Standard Interface for blockwise transfer TNC 360 12 9 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 1 General User Parameters Parameters for 3D Touch Probes Signal transmission type MP 6010 Function e Cable transmission e nfrared transmission Traversing behavior of touch probe Parameter Fu
58. For more detailed information refer to the operating manual for the machine tool The positions indicated in Fig 11 1 are otarting position A Target position of the tool Z Workpiece datum W scale datum M END F Fig 11 1 Characteristic positions on the workpiece and scale The TNC position display can show the following coordinates e Nominal position the value presently commanded by the TNC 1 iiis netto seeaseaseenntacteneaens NOML e Actual position the position at which the TOOHIS preSenuy JOGdIG D D gaciicc tas eae ces ape cadeeetaneenshogiev schon adu ade ACTL e Servo lag difference between the nominal CACTI POSUNE Cy NEN LAG e Reference position the actual position as referenced TONS scale daturi d enrio eeina dons REF e Distance remaining to the programmed position difference between actual and target position 6 DIST Select the desired information with the ENT key It is then displayed directly in the status field TNC 360 11 MOD Functions 11 7 Selecting the Unit of Measurement This MOD function determines whether coordinates are displayed in millimeters or inches e Metric system e g X 2 15 789 mm MOD function CHANGE MM INCH The value is displayed with 3 places after the decimal point e Inch system e g X 0 6216 inch MOD function CHANGE MM INCH The value is displayed with 4 places after the decimal point 11 8 Selecting the Programm
59. Function Selections e Display feed rate in manual mode Display feed rate Do not display feed rate e Spindle speed S and M functions S and M still active still active after STOP S and M no longer active Decimal character MP 7280 Function e Decimal point e Decimal comma TNC 360 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 1 General User Parameters Display step for coordinate axes MP 7290 Function e Display step 0 001 mm e Display step 0 005 mm Q parameters and status display MP 7300 Function Selections e parameters and status display Do not erase Erase with M02 M30 and END PGM e Last programmed tool after Do not activate power interruption Activate Graphics display Entry range 0 to 3 sum of the individual values MP 7310 Function Selections e View in 3 planes Projection method 1 according to ISO 6433 Projection method 2 e Rotate coordinate system Rotate by 90 in the working plane Do not rotate Parameters for machining and program run Effect of cycle 11 SCALING MP 7410 Function e SCALING effective in 3 axes e SCALING effective in the working plane MP 7411 Tool compensation data in the TOUCH PROBE block Function e Overwrite current tool data with the calibrated data of the touch probe e Retain current tool data TNC 360 12 7 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 1 General User Parameters Behavior of machining cycles This general user parameter aff
60. L DEF 2 3 DWELLO 26 CYCL DEF 2 4 F100 27 TOOL CALL 30 Z S 250 20 CALELBE T Call of subprogram 1 29 LZ4100 RO FMAX M2 0 cece cece cence Last program block return jump Tool definition for countersinking T35 peck drilling 125 and tapping T30 OOCOND OBRWN OO Cycle definition PECKING for countersinking eyes ae Cycle definition PECKING Cycle definition TAPPING Continued 6 10 TNC 360 6 Subprograms and Program Section Repeats 6 4 Nesting LBL 1 L X 15 Y 10 RO FMAX M3 L Z 2 FMAX CALL LBL 2 L X 45 Y 60 FMAX CALL LBL 2 L X 75 Y 10 FMAX CALL LBL 2 LBL O LBL 2 L M99 L IX 20 F9999 M99 L IY 20 M99 L IX 20 M99 LBL O END PGM 3600610 MM Repeating program section repeats TNC 360 Program layout O BEGIN PGM 3600611 MM e g 15 iS 2 e 9 209 5I ag 2 cel Lo Zoo ENHHRARRAK cool MEN 28 Meals a ml ol E ua Q Q 9 E g e g 50 END PGM 3600611 MM Sequence of program execution Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Move to first hole in each group then call subprogram 2 Machine first hole then move to and machine the other holes using the same cycle Program section between this block and LBL 2 block 20 is repeated twice Program section between this block and LBL 1 block 15 is repeated once Main program 3600611 is executed up to block 27 Program section between block 27 and block 20 is repeated
61. L X460 Y 50 RR 24 CC XK 35 Y 50 2b C X 60 Y 50 DR 28 L X490 Y 50 RR 29 CC X 65 Y 50 30 CX 90 Y 50 DR 31 LBLO 32 END PGM 360823 MM Fig 8 24 Fig 6 25 Sw Overlapping islands area of exclusion Overlapping islands area of intersection TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 3 SL Cycles TNC 360 Example Overlapping pockets and islands PGM 360825 is an expansion of PGM 360821 for the inside islands C and D Tool Center cut end mill ISO 1641 radius 3 mm The SL contour is composed of the elements A and B two overlapping pockets as well as C and D two islands within these pockets Cycle in a part program BEGIN PGM 360825 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 72 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 3 CYCL DEF 14 0 CONTOUR GEOM CYCL DEF 14 1 CONTOUR LABEL 1 2 3 4 CYCL DEF 6 0 ROUGH OUT CYCL DEF 6 1 SET UP 2 DEPTH 10 CYCL DEF 6 2 PECKG 5 F100 ALLOW 2 CYCL DEF 6 3 ANGLE 0 F100 TOOL CALL 1 Z 1000 L Z 2 RO FMAX M3 CYCL CALL L Z 100 RO FMAX M2 LBL 1 L X410 Y 50 RL CC X 35 Y 50 OOND OF WN OO C X 10 Y 50 DR LBL O LBL 2 L X 90 Y 50 RL CC X 65 Y 50 C X 90 Y 50 DR LBL O LBL 3 L X 27 Y 42 RL LY 58 L X 43 L Y 42 L X 27 LBL O LBL 4 L X 57 Y 42 RR L X 73 L X 65 Y 58 L X 57 Y 42 LBL O END PGM 360825 MM Fig 8 26 Fig 8 27 Milling the outlines Milling completed 8 25 8 Cycles 8 3 SL Cycles PILOT DRILLING Cycle 15 Process 8
62. M 7432 MM Block 1 Program end name unit of measure The TNC generates the block numbers and the BEGIN and END blocks automatically The unit of measure used in the program appears behind the program name Defining the blank form BLK FORM If you wish to use the TNC s graphic workpiece simulation you must first define a rectangular workpiece blank Its sides lie parallel to the X Y and Z axes and can be up to 30 000 mm long To start the dialog for blank form definition press the BLK FORM key MIN and MAX points The blank form is defined by two of its corner points e he MIN point the smallest X Y and Z coordinates of the blank form entered as absolute values e he MAX point the largest X Y and Z coordinates of the blank form entered as absolute or incremental values Fig 4 10 The MIN and MAX points define the blank form at The ratio of the blank form side lengths must be less than 84 1 TNC 360 4 15 4 4 5 Entering Tool Related Data Programming Besides the tool data and compensation you must also enter the following information e Feedrate F e Spindle speed S e Miscellaneous functions M The tool related data can be determined with the aid of diagrams see page 12 15 Fig 4 11 Feed rate F and spindle speed S of the tool Feed Rate F 4 16 The feed rate is the speed in mm min or inch min with which the tool center moves Input range F 0 to 29 999 mm min 1181 inch mi
63. M97 0 0 cee ccc cece eeee eect Hmmm nnm nennen 5 37 Machining open contours M98 o oo cece cece cece eee ceeee inana seen Ime ene nne rene sean akaa 5 38 Progamming machine reference coordinates M91 MQ2 ssssessseRR 5 39 Positioning with Manual Data Input MDI 5 40 6 Subprograms and Program Section Repeats 6 1 Subprograms ooo eee een ee eee C MEME ME 6 2 pus MM ae 6 2 ec 9 ale ail QN Emm 6 2 Programming and ealle SHBDFOSPaITIB sce xavxa aki itai Gia ak rer Xa rn Fade arr UPMeR ERG aie 6 3 6 2 Program Section Repeats ccccccccscccsscessseeesseeesseesseeeeseeenseeseeeenseessass 6 5 FUN RC VO C RTT T 6 5 Frogramnming Note S rorastariemtidafcaueucen cim ee pbateo dic iaiia propi p dan FI UGG EAA a 6 5 Programming and calling a program section repeat ssssssem 6 5 6 3 Main Program as Subprogram eeeeeeeeeeeee nennen nnns 6 8 mus Rp 6 8 mei RAeBMIMMO EE o LUE 6 8 Calling a main program as a subprogram sssssssse mmn 6 8 6 4 Nesting eeoeesseesseeneenn nenne nnne nnn nnn n nnne nhu san ruu san sa essa san spesa ns 6 9 VCS AC deU NNI TTD TT T IU 6 9 SUDO FOOT T e SUD OT OO e RI ereserkiaren tinte pdutdn ue cU utet EE aa a E EEn dus iuw Se ten uoo ETE SEE 6 9 Repeating program section repeats
64. NC Error Messages The TNC automatically generates error messages when it detects such things as Incorrect data input Logical errors in the program Contour elements that are impossible to machine e e e e ncorrect use of the touch probe system An error message containing a program block number was caused by an error in that block or in the preceding block To clear a TNC error message first correct the problem and then press the CE key Some of the more frequent TNC error messages are explained in the following list TNC error messages during programming ENTRY VALUE INCORRECT e Enter a correct LBL number e Observe the input limits EXT IN OUTPUT NOT READY The external device is not correctly connected FURTHER PROGRAM ENTRY IMPOSSIBLE Erase some old files to make room for new ones LABEL NUMBER ALLOCATED Label numbers can only be assigned once JUMP TO LABEL 0 NOT PERMITTED Do not program CALL LBL O TNC 360 12 21 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 6 TNC Error Messages TNC error messages during test run and program run 12 22 ANGLE REFERENCE MISSING e Define the arc and its end points unambiguously e f you enter polar coordinates define the polar coordinate angle correct ly ARITHMETICAL ERROR You have attempted to calculate with illegal values e Define values within the range limits e Choose probe positions for the 3D touch probe that are farther separat ed e Calculat
65. OPINION EUNT 5 7 Machine axis movement under program control sessssssssssee enn 5 7 Overview OT path TUNCTIONS PET UM 5 8 Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates eene 5 9 OE GE WMV RTL u s 5 9 VMI aera E cath cshidcaaereedectena usta T inate aaadan E R 5 12 Circle and circular ATOS cas cccansacartancniectndtaredincadanordinasanotscardaetaionnal uenadevnmbsrcoaswietshectesbenanscnes 5 14 Sie irn ge E E E cee eee E A A EA 5 15 Circular Path C Around the Center Circle CC esssssssse He 5 17 Circular path CR with defined radius sssssssssssse Hem 5 20 Circular path CT with tangential CONNECTION usus omen tenni ttu ra tta tio rrt n nt e a neris tu dt coe 5 23 Corner rounding RND sorires xk its sadi aaitic sages bates en Faden gas tva ph ard n con a Ere a Db et E IE 5 25 Path Contours Polar Coordinates eere 5 27 Polar coordinate ongin Pole usse cestesdute iste Fmacuich sibuhe uUi aiaiai nenas inaia lui axis 5 27 TS Oe e E RN RE 5 27 Circular path CP around pole CO deisinn iaaa babs tte dre rach eM Anaa 5 30 Circular path CTP with tangential GODEDIeOEIOTI usitsne ocn unu cupexaGl tne ntu niinn etti nir ruber t 5 32 Helical interpolation i e m 5 39 M Functions for Contouring Behavior and Coordinate Data 5 36 SIMOOU MACOS MIU ECT 5 36 Machining small contour steps
66. OSIIOTIS esstnsxinuikkci d a vA PR pi Rb ERR TI hd ud a EV a eaan ici ba 1 11 Incremental workpiece positions sssssssssssssee III enne nnn nnne nni nnn 1 11 Programming tool Movements sssectisishahsdinddafinasnkigH sh ati rdi kac abc plc kb ER A tad In o 1 13 Position encoders accesso synced notre P 1 13 Hererelc PTT KS soisessa a SE n eu tin EM D iU RU Ea DE LI A Dt Md Ead 1 13 lir STU Tm 1 14 Graphics and Status Display eeeeeeeeeereee nne nene nnn 1 15 mE Aer 1 15 Projection in three planes uestris ai ok enia nico dva ROC RC Kec RE 1 16 tSt Ar vI TEn p 1 16 e Ec 100 zB 10 7c Gaerne eee ee 1 18 x EU DEDE RET OE ETE 1 19 FOE UI OY MMTMMM 1 19 Selecting erasing and protecting programs sssssssse enne 1 20 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 TNC 360 Moving the Machine Axes cccccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeneesaeeceeseeesanseesaneseesnaes 2 2 Traversing with the machine axis direction buttons sssssseeHH 2 2 Traversing with the electronic handwheel sssssssssse een 2 3 Working with the HR330 Electronic Handwheel eses 2 3 merememal 58s spo MT 2 4 Positioning with manual data input MIDI iiie eerie ttt tnit tbt tab kn rmt tart bna ens 2 4 Spindle Speed S Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M 2 5 TO enter the sp
67. POINT INTERVAL cannot exceed 5 mm TNC 360 9 b 9 Digitizing 3D Surfaces 9 3 Line By Line Digitizing The touch probe moves in the positive direction of the axis entered under LINE DIRECTION When the probe reaches the MAX coordinate on this axis it moves by the line spacing L SPAC in the positive direction of the other axis in the working plane i e in the column direction It then moves back in the negative line direction and at the other end moves again by the programmed line spacing This process is repeated until the entire range has been scanned While the probe is moving the coordinates of the center of the probe tip are stored at intervals equal to or less than the programmed probe point interval When the entire range has been scanned the Fig 9 3 Digitizing with the MEANDER cycle touch probe returns to the CLEARANCE HEIGHT Setting the digitizing parameters gt TCH PROBE 0 REF PLANE GOTO Select the digitizing cycle 6 MEANDER G ua TCH PROBE 6 MEANDER Confirm your selection LINE DIRECTION e g Enter the line direction for example X LIMIT IN NORMAL LINES DIRECTION Enter the distance by which the probe is to retract from the surface for example 0 5 mm 9 6 TNC 360 9 Digitizing 3D Surfaces 9 3 Line By Line Digitizing MAX PROBE POINT INTERVAL Enter the maximum probe point interval for example 0 8 mm Resulting NC blocks ICH PROBE 6 0 MEANDER ICH PROBE 6
68. T Less than GOTO Go to Overview 8 FN9 IF EQUAL JUMP e g FN9 IF 01 EQU Q3 GOTO LBL 5 If the two values or parameters are equal jump to the specified label FN10 IF NOT EQUAL JUMP e g FN10 IF 10 NE O5 GOTO LBL 10 If the two parameters or values are not equal jump to the specified label FN11 IF GREATER THAN JUMP e g FN11 IF Q1 GT 10 GOTO LBL 5 If the first value or parameter is greater than the second value or parameter jump to the specified label FN12 IF LESS THAN JUMP e g FN12 IF Q5 LT 0 GOTO LBL 1 If the first value or parameter is less than the second value or parameter jump to the specified label TNC 360 7 Programming with Q Parameters 4 f Then Operations with Q Parameters TNC 360 Unconditional jumps Unconditional jumps are jumps which are always executed because the condition is always true Example FN 9 IF 10 EQU 10 GOTO LBL1 Since it is always true that 10210 the jump will always be executed Program example When Q5 becomes negative a jump to program 100 will occur FNO Q5 10 Assign value such as 10 to parameter Q5 FN 2 Q5 Q5 4 12 Reduce the value of Q5 FN 12 IF 05 LT 0 GOTO LBL 5 If 05 is less than O jump to label 5 PGM CALL 100 79 7 Programming with Q Parameters 7 5 Checking and Changing Q Parameters Q parameters can be checked during program run or during a test run and changed if necessary Preparation
69. TATION Transfer the touch point coordinates to memory Move the touch probe to a starting position near the first touch point on the side that was not probed for basic rotation CORNER DATUM Select the probing direction Probe the workpiece Move the touch probe to a starting position near the second touch point on the same side Probe the workpiece DATUM X Enter the first coordinate of the datum point here for the X axis TNC 360 2 15 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 5 Setting the Datum with the 3D Touch Probe System DATUM Y Eo Enter the second coordinate of the datum here in the Y axis MN If you do not wish to use points that just probed for a basic rotation TOUCH POINTS OF BASIC ROTATION no Ignore the dialog prompt ENT Probe both workpiece sides twice Enter the datum coordinates 2 16 TNC 360 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 5 Setting the Datum with the 3D Touch Probe System Circle center as datum TNC 360 With this function you can set the datum at the center of bore holes circular pockets cylinders journals circular islands etc Inside circle The TNC automatically probes the inside wall in all four coordinate axis directions For incomplete circles circular arcs you can choose the appropriate probing directions Fig 2 15 Probing an inside cylindrical surface to find the center select the CIRCLE CENTER DATUM function Move the tou
70. TING mode select the block behind which the L block should be added MANUAL OPERATION Move the tool to the position that you wish to capture The coordinates of the actual position are written into an L block The generated L block is inserted after the block selected in the PRO GRAMMING AND EDITING mode The L block has no tool radius compen sation feed rate or M function These must be added if needed at You can use the MOD function to define which axis coordinates are placed in the new L block see page 11 5 The machine and TNC must be prepared by the machine tool builder for this feature 4 20 TNC 360 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 1 General Information on Programming Tool Movements A tool movement is always programmed as if the tool is moving and the workpiece is stationary uy Always pre position the tool at the beginning of a part program to prevent the possibility of damaging the tool or workpiece Path functions Each element of the workpiece contour is entered separately using path functions The various path functions produce e Straight lines e Circular arcs You can also program a combination of the two helical paths Fig 5 1 A contour consists of a combination of straight lines and circular arcs The contour elements are executed in sequence to machine the programmed contour Fig 5 2 Contour elements are programmed and executed in sequence 5 2 TNC 360 5 Programming Tool Movements
71. The tool is then retracted at rapid traverse FMAX to the starting position and advances again to the first pecking depth minus the advanced stop distance t see calculations The tool advances with another infeed at the programmed feed rate These steps are repeated until the programmed total hole depth is reached After a dwell time at the bottom of the hole the tool is retracted to the starting position at FMAX for chip breaking Fig 8 1 PECKING cycle Input data SETUP CLEARANCE Distance between tool tip at starting position and workpiece surface TOTAL HOLE DEPTH B Distance between workpiece surface and bottom of hole tip of drill taper PECKING DEPTH Infeed per cut If the TOTAL HOLE DEPTH equals the PECKING DEPTH the tool will drill to the programmed hole depth in one operation The PECKING DEPTH does not have to be a multiple of the TOTAL HOLE DEPTH It the PECKING DEPTH is greater than the TOTAL HOLE DEPTH the tool only advances to the TOTAL HOLE DEPTH DWELL TIME Length of time the tool remains at the total hole depth for chip breaking FEED RATE Traversing speed of the tool when drilling Calculations The advanced stop distance is automatically calculated by the control TNC 360 Total hole depth up to 30 mm t 0 6 mm Total hole depth over 30 mm t Total hole depth 50 maximum advanced stop distance 7 mm 8 5 8 Cycles 8 2 Simple Fixed Cycles Example Pecking Hole coo
72. a transfer for example 150 Execute the transferred blocks starting with the block number that you entered TNC 360 3 7 4 Programming In the PROGRAMMING AND EDITING mode of operation see page 1 19 you can e create e add to e edit and e erase files This chapter describes basic functions and programming input that do not cause machine axis movement The entry of geometry for workpiece machining is described in the next chapter 4 1 Editing part programs Layout of a program D Block A part program consists of individual program blocks The TNC numbers the blocks in ascending order Program blocks contain units of information 10 X 10 Y 5 RO F100 M3 called words function Block Words number Fig 4 1 Program blocks contain words of specific information Plain language dialog You initiate a dialog for conversational programming by pressing a function key see inside front cover The TNC then asks you for all the information necessary to program the desired function After you have answered all the questions the TNC automatically ends the dialog You can shorten the dialog by skipping over words that need not be programmed or ending the block immediately after entering the necessary information e Continue the dialog e gnore the dialog question e End the dialog immediately e Abort the dialog and erase the block 4 2 TNC 360 4 Programming 4 1 Editing Part Programs Editing
73. age or finishing allowances Activation A scaling factor becomes effective as soon as the cycle is defined Scaling factors can be applied e in the machining plane or to all three coordinate axes at the same time depending on MP7410 e to the dimensions in cycles e also in the parallel axes U V W The scaling factor is indicated in the status display with SCL Input data The cycle is defined by entering the scaling factor SCL The TNC multiplies the coordinates and radii by the SCL factor as described under Activation above To increase the size enter SCL greater than 1 max 99 999 999 To reduce the size enter SCL less than 1 down to 0 000 001 Cancellation To cancel a scaling factor enter a scaling factor of 1 Prerequisite Before entering a scaling factor It is advisable to set the datum to an edge or corner of the contour 8 36 TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 4 Cycles for Coordinate Transformations Example Scaling factor A contour Subprogram 1 is to be executed once as originally programmed at the manually set datum X 0 Y 0 and then executed again referenced to the position X 60 Y 70 and with a scaling factor of 0 8 SCALING FACTOR cycle in a part program BEGIN PGM 360839 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X40 Y 0 7 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 5 TOOL CALL 1 Z 1000 L Z 100 RO FMAX CALL LBL 1 Execution at original size 1 CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM Execution with scaling factor Sequence
74. al programming Conversational programming is a particularly easy way of writing and editing part programs From the very beginning HEIDENHAIN numerical controls were designed for the machinist who keys in his programs directly at the machine This is why they are called TNCs or Touch Numerical Controls You begin programming each machining step by simply pressing a key The control then asks for all further information required to execute the step You can also program the TNC in ISO format or download programs from a central host computer for DNC operation TNC 360 1 Introduction 1 2 Fundamentals of NC Reference system In order to define positions one needs a reference system For example positions on the earth s surface can be defined absolutely by their geographic coordinates of longitude and latitude The term coordinate comes from the Latin word for that which is arranged The network of horizontal and vertical lines around the globe constitute an absolute reference system in contrast to the relative definition of a position REA XN that is referenced for example to some other known location AALS WENNE 1 UNE See HZ 90 0 90 Fig 1 9 The geographic coordinate system is an absolute reference system Cartesian coordinate system A workpiece is normally machined on a TNC controlled milling machine according to a workpiece reference Cartesian coordinate system a rectangular
75. alue are no longer machined at constant path speed with M90 MP 7460 Function Value e Maintain constant path speed at inside corners for angles of degrees 0 to 179 999 Coordinate display for rotary axis MP 7470 Function e Angle display up to 359 999 e Angle display up to 30 000 Parameters for override behavior and electronic handwheel Override Entry range O to 7 sum of the individual values in the value column MP 7620 Function Cases e Feedrate override when rapid traverse Override effective key pressed in program run mode Override not effective Increments for overrides 196 increments 2 increments Feed rate override when rapid traverse key Override effective and machine axis direction button pressed Override not effective TNC 360 12 9 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams Setting the TNC for handwheel operation Entry range O to 5 MP 7640 Function No handwheel HR 330 with additional keys the keys for traverse direction and rapid traverse are evaluated by the NC HR 130 without additional keys HR 330 with additional keys the keys for traverse direction and rapid traverse are evaluated by the PLC HR 332 with 12 additional keys Multi axis handwheel with additional keys 12 10 TNC 360 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 2 Miscellaneous Functions M Functions Miscellaneous functions with predetermined effect TNC 360 Effective at start of block Moo Stop prog
76. alues You normally program a contour element by entering its end point The TNC automatically calculates the tool path from the tool data and the radius compensation Machine axis movement under program control TNC 360 All axes programmed in a single block are moved simultaneously Paraxial movement Paraxial movement means that the tool path is parallel to the programmed axis Number of axes programmed in the NC block 1 Movement in the main planes With this tyoe of movement the tool moves to the programmed position on a straight line or circular arc in a working plane Number of axes programmed in the NC block 2 Fig 5 11 Paraxial movement L X 70 Y 50 Fig 5 12 Movement in a main plane X Y plane D Programming Tool Movements 5 3 Path Functions Movement of three machine axes 3D movement The tool moves in a straight line to the programmed position L X480 Y 0 Z 10 Number of axes programmed in the NC block 3 Exception A helical path is created by combining a circular movement in a plane with a linear movement perpendicular to the plane Fig 5 13 Three dimensional tool movement Overview of path functions The path function keys determine the type of contour element and initiate the plain language dialog m Circle Center e Coordinates of a circle center or pole Circle Circular arc around a circle center CC to an arc end point Circle by Radius Circular arc with a ce
77. ary enter also e Radius compensation e Feed rate e Miscellaneous function Resulting NC block CR X 10 Y 2 R 5 DR RL TNC 360 9 2 D Programming Tool Movements 5 4 Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates 522 Example for exercise Milling a concave semicircle Semicircle radius Coordinates of the arc starting point Coordinates of the arc end point Tool radius Milling depth Part program OOnNDOBWN 0 BEGIN PGM 360522 M Begin program BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 7 20 Define the workpiece blank BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 2 L 0 R 25 Define the tool TOOL CALL 2 Z S2000 Call the tool L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 Insert and pre position the tool L X 25 Y 30 FMAX L Z 18 FMAX M3 L X 0 Y 0 RR F100 First contour point CR X 100 Y 0 R 50 DR Mill circular arc CR to the end point X 100 mm Y O radius R 50 mm negative direction of rotation L X 70 Y 30 RO FMAX L Z 100 FMAX M2 END PGM 360522 MM Retract the tool and end the program TNC 360 9 Programming Tool Movements 5 4 Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates Circular path CT with tangential connection The tool moves in an arc that starts at a tangent with the previously programmed contour element A transition between two contour elements is called tangential when one contour element makes a smooth and continuous transition to the next There is no visible corner at the intersection Input Coordinates of the arc end point Fig 5
78. ations The TNC provides touch functions for application of a HEIDENHAIN 3D touch probe Typical applications for the touch probe systems are e Compensating workpiece misalignment basic rotation e Datum setting e Measuring Lengths and positions on the workpiece Angles Circle radii Circle centers e Measurements under program control e Digitizing 3D surfaces option Fig 2 7 HEIDENHAIN TS 120 three dimensional touch probe at The TNC must be specially prepared by the machine tool builder for the use of a 3D touch probe After you press the machine START button the touch probe begins executing the selected probe function The machine manufacturer sets the feed rate at which the probe approaches the workpiece When the 3D touch probe contracts the workpiece it e transmits a signal to the TNC which stores the coordinates of the probed position e stops moving e returns to its starting position in rapid traverse Fig 2 8 Feed rates during probing To select the touch probe menu a gt MANUAL OPERATION or ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL Select the menu of touch probe functions CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE LENGTH CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE RADIUS BASIC ROTATION SURFACE DATUM CORNER DATUM CIRCLE CENTER DATUM TNC 360 2 9 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 4 3D Touch Probe Systems Calibrating the 3D Touch Probe The touch probe system must be calibrated for commissioning after a
79. avior with M97 al A contour machined with M97 is less complete than one without You may wish to rework the contour with a smaller tool Program example TOOL DEF L R 20 Large tool radius LA s Y see Pie I se M97 Move to contour point 13 LIY 0 5 R F Machine the small contour step 13 14 Move to contour point 15 L IY 0 5 R F M97 Machine the small contour step 15 16 Move to contour point 17 The outer corners are programmed in blocks 13 and 16 these are the blocks in which you program M97 TNC 360 9 97 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 6 M Functions for Contouring Behavior and Coordinate Data Machining open contours M98 Standard behavior without M98 The TNC calculates the intersections of the radius compensated tool paths and changes traverse direction at these points If the corners are open on one side however machining is incom plete Fig 5 45 Tool path without M98 Machining open corners with M98 With the miscellaneous function M98 the TNC temporarily suspends radius compensation to ensure that both corners are completely machined Duration of effect The miscellaneous function M98 is effective only in the blocks in which it is programmed Fig 5 46 Tool path with M98 Programming example Move to contour point 10 Move to contour point 11 Move to contour point 12 5 38 TNC 360 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 6 M Functions for Contouring Behavior and Coordi
80. cations Block execution time 1500 blocks min 40 ms per block Control loop cycle time 6ms Data transfer rate Max 38400 baud Ambient temperature 0 C to 45 C operation 30 C to 70 C storage Traverse Max 30 m 1181 Inches Traversing speed Max 30 m min 1181 ipm Spindle speed Max 99 999 rpm Input resolution As fine as 1 um 0 0001 in or 0 001 12 19 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 5 Features Specifications and Accessories Accessories FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit Applications All TNC contouring controls TING 131 ING 135 Data transfer rate e TNC 2400 to 38400 baud e PRT 110 to 9600 baud Diskette drives Two drives one for copying capacity 795 kilobytes approx 25 000 blocks up to 256 files Diskette type 240 DS DD 135 TPI Triggering 3D Touch Probes Description Touch probe system with ruby tip and stylus with rated break point standard shank for spindle insertion Models TS 120 Cable transmission integrated interface TS 511 Infrared transmission separate transmitting and receiving units Spindle insertion TS 120 manual TS 511 automatic Probing reproducibility Better than 1 um 0 000 04 in Probing speed Max 3 m min 118 ipm Electronic Handwheels e Integrable unit e Portable version with cable transmission equipped with axis address keys rapid traverse key safety switch emergency stop button 12 20 TNC 360 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 6 T
81. ch probe to a position approximately in the center of the circle C CIRCLE CENTER DATUM X X Y Y The probe touches four points on the inside of the circle DATUM X Enter the first coordinate of the datum here in the X axis s 8 le cC DATUM Y B iD Enter the second coordinate of the datum here in the Y axis NUN 2 17 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 5 Setting the Datum with the 3D Touch Probe System Outside circle Fig 2 16 Probing an outside cylindrical surface to find the center select the CIRCLE CENTER DATUM probe function cC Move the touch probe to a starting position 1 near the first touch point outside of the circle CIRCLE CENTER DATUM X X Y Y Select the probing direction Probe the workpiece Repeat the probing process for points 2 3 and 4 see Fig 2 16 Enter the coordinates of the circle center After the probing procedure is completed the TNC displays the coordi nates of the circle center and the circle radius PR 2 18 TNC 360 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 6 Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe System With the 3D touch probe system you can determine e Position coordinates and from them e dimensions and angles on the workpiece Finding the coordinate of a position on an aligned workpiece Probe the workpiece The TNC displays the coordinates of the touch point as DATUM Finding the coordinates of a corne
82. ck for example 5 WORKING SPINDLE AXIS X Y Z e g Z Enter the spindle axis for example Z SPINDLE SPEED S IN RPM Enter the desired spindle speed such as S 500 rpm Resulting NC block TOOL CALL 5 Z S500 Tool pre selection with tool tables If you are using tool tables you can indicate which tool you will next need by entering a TOOL DEF block Simply enter the tool number TNC 360 4 9 4 Programming 4 2 Tools Tool change 4 10 The TNC can work with either automatic or manual tool change Automatic tool change If your machine is built for automatic tool changing the TNC controls the replacement of the inserted tool by another from the tool magazine The program run is not interrupted Manual tool change To change the tool manually stop the spindle and move the tool to the tool change position Sequence of action e Interrupt program run see page 3 4 e Move to the tool change position under program control if desired e Change the tool e Continue the program run see page 3 5 Tool change position A tool change position must lie next to or above the workpiece to prevent tool collision With the miscellaneous functions M91 and M92 see page 5 39 you can enter machine referenced rather than workpiece referenced coordinates for the tool change position If TOOL CALL 0 is programmed before the first tool call the TNC moves the spindle to an uncompensated position TNC 360 4 Programmi
83. ck is surrounded by two horizontal lines 1 4 TNC 360 1 Introduction 1 1 The TNC 360 TNC Accessories TNC 360 3D Probe Systems The TNC features the following functions for the HEIDENHAIN 3D touch probe systems e Automatic workpiece alignment compensation of workpiece misalignment e Datum setting e Measurements of the workpiece can be per formed during program run e Digitizing 3D forms optional The TS 120 touch probe system is connected to the control via cable while the TS 510 communicates by means of infrared light Floppy Disk Unit The HEIDENHAIN FE 401 floppy disk unit serves as an external memory for the TNC allowing you to store your programs externally on diskette The FE 401 can also be used to transfer programs that were written on a PC into the TNC Extremely long programs which exceed the TNC s memory capacity are drip fed block by block The machine executes the transferred blocks and erases them immediately freeing memory for further blocks from the FE Electronic Handwheels Electronic handwheels provide precise manual control of the axis slides As on conventional machines turning the handwheel moves the axis by a defined amount The traverse distance per revolution of the handwheel can be adjusted over a wide range Portable handwheels such as the HR 330 are connected to the TNC by cable Built in hand wheels such as the HR 130 are built into the machine operating panel
84. cles Example Overlapping pockets with islands Inside machining with pilot drilling roughing out and finishing PGM 360830 is based on 360825 The main program has been expanded by the cycle definition and cycle calls for pilot drilling and finishing The contour subprograms 1 to 4 are identical to those in PGM 360825 see page 8 25 and are to be added after block 39 BEGIN PGM 360830 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 72 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 2 2 TOOL DEF 2 L 0 R 3 Rough mill TOOL DEF 3 L 0 R 2 5 Finish mill CYCL DEF 14 0 CONTOUR GEOM CYCL DEF 14 1 CONTOUR LABEL 1 2 3 4 CALL LBL 10 CON MOoBRWN O STOP M6 TOOL CALL 1 Z S 2000 CYCL DEF 15 0 PILOT DRILL eio drilling CYCL DEF 15 1 SET UP 2 DEPTH 10 CYCL DEF 15 2 PECKG 5 F500 ALLOW 42 8 L Z 2 RO FMAX CYCL CALL M3 CALL LBL 10 STOP M6 TOOL CALL 2Z S 1750 CYCL DEF 6 0 ROUGH OUT CYCL DEF 6 1 SET UP 2 DEPTH 10 CYCL DEF 6 2 PECKG 5 F100 ALLOW 2 Rough out CYCL DEF 6 3 ANGLE 0 F500 L Z 2 RO FMAX CYCL CALL M3 CALL LBL 10 STOP M6 TOOL CALL 3 Z S 2500 CYCL DEF 16 0 CONTOUR MILLING CYCL DEF 16 1 SET UP 2 DEPTH 10 Finishing CYCL DEF 16 2 PECKG 5 F100 DR F500 L Z 2 RO FMAX CYCL CALL M3 CALL LBL 10 L Z 20 RO FMAX M2 Retract and rapid return LBL 10 TOOL CALL 0 Z Tool change L Z 100 RO FMAX L X 20 Y 20 RO FMAX LBL O From block 40 add the subprograms listed on page 8 25 63 END PGM 360830 MM TNC 36
85. d Departure Smooth approach and departure With the RND function the tool approaches and departs the workpiece at a tangent This prevents dwell marks on the workpiece surface Starting and end position The starting S and end E positions of machining lie outside of the workpiece and near the first and last contour elements respectively The tool path to the starting and end positions are programmed without radius compensation rig 5 9 Smooth approach onto a contour Input The RND function is entered at the following locations in the program e During contour approach after the block in which the first contour point is programmed i e after the first RL RR radius compensated block e During contour departure after the block in which the last contour point Is programmed i e after the last RL RR radius compensated block Fig 5 10 Smooth departure from a contour Program example Starting position First contour point A Smooth approach Last contour point omooth departure End position E at For proper execution of an RND function a radius must be chosen such that the arc can connect the start or end point with the contour point 5 6 TNC 360 9 Programming Tool Movements 5 3 Path Functions General information Part program input To create a part program you enter the dimensional information given on the workpiece drawing The workpiece coordinates are entered as relative or absolute v
86. d calculates the points of intersection of the subcontours with each other Cycle 14 CONTOUR GEOMETRY contains the subcontour list and is a purely geometric cycle containing no cutting data or infeed values Programming the parallel axes Pockets and islands can also be machined in planes formed by parallel axes Prerequisite The plane has to be perpendicular to the tool axis in TOOL CALL Example Tool axis Z or W possible planes X Y U Y X V U V The coordinates of the desired machining plane must be in the first coordinate block positioning block or CC block of the first subprogram named in cycle 14 CONTOUR GEOMETRY Example Tool axis Z machining plane X V TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 3 TOOL CALL 1 Z S 1000 CYCL DEF 14 0 CONTOUR GEOM CYCL DEF 14 1 CONTOUR LABEL 1 2 3 L M2 LBL 1 CC X420 V 10 All other coordinates are then ignored TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 3 SL Cycles The machining data are defined in the following cycles e PILOT DRILLING cycle 15 e ROUGH OUT cycle 6 e CONTOUR MILLING cycle 16 Each subprogram defines whether RL or RR radius compensation applies The sequence of points determines the direction of rotation in which the contour is to be machined The control deduces from these data whether the specific subprogram describes a pocket or an island e For a pocket the tool path is inside the contour e Foran island the tool path is outside the contour uy e The way the SL contour is machined
87. d in a program run mode PROGRAM DIRECTORY READ IN ALL PROGRAMS READ IN PROGRAM OFFERED Possible applications READ IN SELECTED PROGRAM e Blockwise transfer DNC mode READ OUT SELECTED PROGRAM READ OUT ALL PROGRAMS e Downloading program files into the TNC e Transferring program files from the TNC to external storage devices e Printing files Fig 10 1 Menu for external data transfer 10 1 Menu for External Data Transfer To select external data transfer D Menu for external data transfer appears on the screen Use the arrow keys to select the individual menu options Display program numbers of the programs PROGRAM DIRECTORY on the storage medium Transfer all programs from the storage medium READ IN ALL PROGRAMS into the TNC Display programs for transfer into the TNC READ IN PROGRAM OFFERED Transfer selected program into the TNC READ IN SELECTED PROGRAM Transfer selected program to an external device READ OUT SELECTED PROGRAM Transfer all programs which are in TNC memory READ OUT ALL PROGRAMS to an external device Aborting data transfer To abort a data transfer process press END ut If you are transferring data between two TNCs the receiving control must be started first Blockwise transfer In the operating modes PROGRAM RUN FULL SEQUENCE and SINGLE BLOCK it is possible to transfer programs which exceed the memory capacity of the TNC by means of blockwise transfer with simultaneous execution see
88. d point spacing The process is repeat ed until the entire range Is scanned Fig 9 5 Digitizing with the CONTOUR LINES cycle When the entire range has been scanned the probe returns to the CLEARANCE HEIGHT Setting the digitizing parameters TNC 360 b TCH PROBE 0 REF PLANE GOTO Select digitizing cycle 7 CONTOUR LINES ido TCH PROBE 7 CONTOUR LINES Confirm your selection TIME LIMIT Enter the time limit for example 200 seconds Enter the coordinates of the starting point for example X 50 mm and Y 0 and confirm your entry Jg 9 Digitizing 3D Surfaces 9 4 Contour Line Digitizing AXIS AND DIRECTION OF APPROACH x B Enter the approach direction for example Y STARTING PROBE AXIS AND DIRECTN eg Enter the starting direction for example X LIMIT IN NORMAL LINES DIRECTION Enter the distance the probe is retracted for example 0 5 mm LINE SPACING AND DIRECTION Enter the line spacing here 1 mm The algebraic sign determines the direction in which the probe moves to start the next contour line MAX PROBE POINT INTERVAL Enter the maximum probe point interval for example 0 2 mm Resulting NC blocks TCH PROBE 7 0 CONTOUR LINES TCH PROBE 7 1 TIME 200 X 50 Y 0 TCH PROBE 72 ORDER Y X ICH PROBE 7 3 TRAVEL 0 6 L SPAC 1 P P INT 0 2 at Before Cycle 7 CONTOUR LINES the program must have a range defined in digitizing Cycle 5 RANGE 2 10 TNC 360 9 Dig
89. d program end al A subprogramm ending with LBL O must not be nested in another subprogram TNC 360 6 9 6 Subprograms and Program Section Repeats 6 4 Nesting Example for exercise Group of four holes at three positions see page 6 4 but with three different tools Machining sequence Countersinking Drilling Tapping at The drilling operation is programmed with cycle 1 PECK DRILLING see page 8 5 and cycle 2 TAPPING see page 8 7 The groups of holes are approached in one subprogram and the machining is performed in a second subprogram Coordinates of the first hole in each group 1 X 15mm Y 10mm 2 X 45mm Y 60mm 3 x 75mm Y 10mm Spacing between holes 20 mm Hole data Countersinking 3 mm Drilling 15 mm Tapping 10 mm Part program BEGIN PGM 3600610 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 2 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 25 L 0 R 2 5 TOOL DEF 30 L 0 R 3 TOOL DEF 35 L 0 R 3 5 CYCL DEF 1 0 PECKING CYCL DEF 1 1 SETUP 2 CYCL DEF 1 2 DEPTH 3 CYCL DEF 1 3 PECKG 3 10 CYCL DEF 1 4 DWELLO 11 GYCL DEF 1 5 F100 12 TOOL CALL 35 Z S 500 Ve RN Mo Call of subprogram 1 14 CYCL DEF 1 0 PECKING 15 GCYCL DEF 1 1 SETUP 2 16 CYCL DEF 1 2 DEPTH 25 17 CYCL DEF 1 3 DEPTH 6 18 CYCL DEF 1 4 DWELLO 18 CYIGLDEFT125T59 20 TOOL CALL 25 Z S 1000 21 SOA iaxsdisesesnsmdiesienendotuddminesase e aid Call of subprogram 1 22 CYCL DEF 2 0 TAPPING 23 CYCL DEF 2 1 SETUP 2 24 CYCL DEF 2 2 DEPTH 15 25 CYC
90. des that contour element 1 is an island Subprogram 2 Geometry of the auxiliary pocket External limitation of the machined surface From radius compensation RL and counter clock wise machining the control concludes that contour element 2 is a pocket 9 19 8 Cycles 8 3 SL Cycles SL Cycles Overlapping contours Pockets and islands can be overlapped to form a new contour The area of a pocket can thus be enlarged by another pocket or reduced by an island Starting position Machining begins at the starting position of the first pocket in cycle 14 CONTOUR GEOMETRY The starting position should be located as far as possible from the overlapping contours Fig 8 16 Example for overlapping contours Example Overlapping pockets Machining begins with the first contour label defined in block 6 The first pocket must begin outside the second pocket Inside machining with a center cut end mill ISO 1641 tool radius 3 mm Coordinates of the circle centers x Q X Circle radii R 25mm Omm Omm 35 mm 65 mm Y 45 Y 5 Setup clearance Milling depth mm Pecking depth mm Feed rate for pecking mm min Finishing allowance Rough out angle Milling feed rate mm min Continued 8 20 TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 3 SL Cycles Cycle in a part program BEGIN PGM 360821 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X40 Y 0 7 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 3 TOOL CALL 1 Z 1000 CYCL DEF 14 0
91. e A running program must be aborted e g press machine STOP button and STOP key e f you are doing a test run you must interrupt it To call a Q parameter Q10 100 The TNC displays the current value Leave the O parameter unchanged 7 10 TNC 360 7 Programming with Q Parameters 7 6 Output of Q Parameters and Messages Displaying error messages With the function FN14 ERROR you can call messages that were pre programmed by the machine tool builder If the TNC encounters a block with FN 14 during a program run or test run it interrupts the run and displays an error message The program must then be restarted Input example FN 14 ERROR 254 The TNC will display the text of error number 254 Error number to be entered Prepared dialog text 0 t0299 ERROR 0 to ERROR 299 300 to 399 PLC ERROR 01 to PLC ERROR 99 400 to 483 DIALOG 1 to 83 484 to 499 USER PARAMETER 15 to 0 Your machine builder may have programmed a text that differs from the above Output through an external data interface The function FN 15 PRINT transmits the values of Q parameters and error messages over the data interface This enables you to send such data to external devices for example to a printer e FN15 PRINT with numerical values up to 200 Example FN15 PRINT 20 Transmits the corresponding error message see overview for FN14 e FN 15 PRINT with Q parameter Example FN15 PRINT Q20 Transmits the value of the cor
92. e X Y and Z coordinates of the range MIN point MAX POINT RANGE Enter in sequence the X Y and Z coordinates of the range MAX point CLEARANCE HEIGHT Enter the clearance height for the touch probe Resulting NC blocks ICH PROBE 5 0 RANGE ICH PROBE 5 1 PGM NAME 5007 TCH PROBE 5 2 Z X 0Y 0Z 0 TCH PROBE 5 3 X 10 Y 10 Z 20 TCH PROBE 54 HEIGHT 100 9 4 TNC 360 9 Digitizing 3D Surfaces 9 3 Line By Line Digitizing The MEANDER cycle scans and digitizes a 3D contour in a back and forth meandering series of parallel lines Starting position e Coordinates from the RANGE cycle X and Y coordinates of the MIN point Z coordinate CLEARANCE HEIGHT e Automatically move to the starting position first Z then X and Y Contour approach Fig 9 2 Scanning a line on the 3D surface The touch probe moves in the negative Z direction towards the model Upon contact the TNC stores the position Input data e LINE DIRECTION Coordinate axis in whose positive direction the touch probe moves beginning with the first contour point e LIMIT IN NORMAL LINES DIRECTION Distance the probe is retracted from the model after each deflection of the stylus during scanning e INE SPACING The offset by which the probe moves at the ends of the lines before scanning the next line e MAX PROBE POINT INTERVAL Maximum spacing between consecutive digitized positions at The LINE SPACING and MAX PROBE
93. e interface see page 11 3 Transfer the data The baud rate can be selected on the FE 401 floppy disk unit Non HEIDENHAIN devices 10 4 The TNC and non HEIDENHAIN devices must be adapted to each other Adapting a non HEIDENHAIN TNC e PC Adapt the software e Printer Adjust the DIP switches Adapting the TNC for a non HEIDENHAIN device e Set user parameter 5020 TNC 360 11 MOD Functions The MOD functions provide additional displays and input possibilities The MOD functions available depend on the selected operating mode Functions available in the operating modes PROGRAMMING AND EDIT ING and TEST RUN Display NC software number Display PLC software number Enter code number Set the data interface Machine specific user parameters Selection of axes for L block generation Functions available in all other modes Display NC software number Display PLC software number Select position display Select unit of measurement mm inch Select programming language Set traverse limits Selection of axes for L block generation 11 1 Selecting Changing and Exiting the MOD Functions To select the MOD functions e Select the MOD functions To change the MOD functions select the desired MOD function with the arrow keys Page through the MOD functions until you find the desired function Repeatedly To exit the MOD functions uU Close the MOD functions 11 2 NC and PLC Software Numbers The sof
94. e numerous examples can be tried out directly on the TNC The TNC beginner should work through this manual from beginning to end to ensure that he is capable of fully exploiting the features of this powerful tool For the TNC expert this manual serves as a comprehensive reference work The table of contents and cross references enable him to quickly find the topics and information he needs Easy to read dialog flowcharts show him how to enter the required data for each function The dialog flow charts consist of sequentially arranged instruction boxes Each key is illustrated next to an explanation of its function to aid the beginner when he is performing the operation for the first time The experienced user can use the key sequences illustrated in the left part of the flowchart as a quick overview The TNC dialogs in the instruction boxes are always presented on a gray background Note Placeholders in the program on the screen for entries which are not always programmed such as the abbreviations R F M and REP are not indicated in the programming examples Layout of the dialog flowcharts Dialog initiation key Jj DIALOG PROMPT ON TNC SCREEN B The functions of the keys are explained here e g Answer the prompt with these keys NEXT DIALOG QUESTION Function of the key Press this key A dashed line means that either the key above or below it can be Function of an alternative key pressed Or press this key The
95. e page 7 14 00N OoORWN CO L Z 100 RO FMAX M2 END PGM 3600717 MM Retract the tool and end the program TNC 360 7 19 7 Programming with Q Parameters 7 8 Example for Exercise Rectangular pocket with corner rounding and tangential approach Pocket center coordinates X 50 mm Q1 Y 50 mm O2 Pocket length X 90 mm Pocket width Y 70 mm Working depth Z 15 mm Corner radius R 10 mm Milling feed F 200 mm min At the corners 21 and 31 the workpiece will be machined slightly differently than shown in the drawing Part program BEGIN PGM 360077 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 2 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 Q1 50 Q2 50 Q3 90 Q4 70 O5 15 O6 10 O7 200 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 5 TOOL CALL 1 Z S1000 L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 FN4 O13 S 03 DIV 2 FN4 Q14 Q4 DIV 2 FN4 Q16 06 DIV 4 Rounding radius for tangential approach FN4 Q17 Q7 DIV 2 Feed rate in corners is half the rate for linear movement L X Q1 Y Q2 RO FMAX M3 Pre position in X and Y pocket center spindle ON L Z 2 FMAX Pre position over workpiece L Z Q5 FQ7 Move to working depth Q5 15 mm with feed rate Q7 2100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 L IX Q13 Y Q2 RL RND RO16 FO17 L IY O14 RND RO6 FO17 L IX O3 RND RO6 FO17 L IY O4 RND RO6 FO17 L IX Q3 RND RO6 FO17 L IY O14 RND RO16 FO17 L X Q1 Y Q2 RO FMAX L Z 100 FMAX M2 Retract tool END PGM 360077 MM 7 14 TNC 360 7 Programming
96. e tool to setup clearance rapid traverse spindle off coolant off program stop Return jump to block 1 End of program TNC 360 5 11 D 5 4 Chamfer 5 12 Programming Tool Movements Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates The chamfer function permits you to cut off corners at the intersection of two straight lines Fig 5 15 Chamfer from to You enter the length to be removed from each side of the corner Prerequisites e he blocks before and after the chamfer block must be in the same working plane e he radius compensation before and after the chamfer block must bethe same e An inside chamfer must be large enough to accommodate the currenttool Fig 5 16 Tool radius too large You cannot start a contour with a chamfer block A chamfer is only possible in the working plane The feed rate for chamfering is taken from the previous block The corner point is cut off by the chamfer and is not part of the resulting contour To program a chamfer Select the straight line function COORDINATES e g E Enter the length to be removed from each side of the corner for example 5 mm Resulting NC block L5 TNC 360 9 Programming Tool Movements 5 4 Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates Example for exercise Chamfering a corner Coordinates of the corner points E Chamfer length Milling depth Tool radius Part program BEGIN PGM 360513 MM Begin program BLK FORM 0 1
97. ection of rotation for circular movements 5 14 TNC 360 9 Programming Tool Movements 5 4 Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates Radius compensation in circular paths You cannot begin radius compensation in a circle block It must be activated beforehand in a line block Circles in the main planes When you program a circle the TNC assigns it to Spindle axis Main plane one of the main planes This plane is automatically defined when you set the spindle axis during TOOL CALL Fig 5 20 Defining the spindle axis also defines the main plane att You can program circles that do not lie parallel to a main plane by using O parameters See Chapter 7 Circle Center CC If you program an arc using the C path function key you must first define the circle center CC by e entering the Cartesian coordinates of the circle center e using the circle center defined in an earlier block e capturing the actual position You can define the last programmed position as circle center CC by entering an empty CC block Fig 5 21 Circle center CC Duration of a circle center definition A circle center definition remains effective until a new circle center is defined TNC 360 9 15 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 4 Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates Entering CC in relative values If you enter the circle center with relative coordi nates you have defined it relative to the last programmed tool position Fig 5 22 Incr
98. ectory provides the following information e Program number e Program type HEIDENHAIN or ISO 444 72 e Program size in bytes where one byte is the B ISQ aoe equivalent of one character 66 126 61 15 87 ISO 44 324 RCTL 85 745 Y 23 290 X 100 000 T 1 e S 1400 F M5 9 Fig 1 25 Program directory on the TNC screen TNC 360 119 1 Introduction 1 5 Programs Selecting erasing and protecting programs Call the program directory To select a program Enter the desired program number for example 15 Confirm your selection Call the program directory To erase a program Enter the number of the program to be protected Press the key until the dialog prompt PGM PROTECTION appears repeatedly PGM PROTECTION The letter P for protected appears at the end of the first and last program blocks 1 20 TNC 360 1 Introduction 1 5 Programs To remove edit protection Select the protected program for example 5 0 BEGIN 5 MM P Select MOD functions VACANT BYTES Activate the CODE NUMBER function a cC CODE NUMBER G 9 3 5 Enter the code number 86357 Edit protection is removed the P disappears TNC 360 1 21 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 1 Moving the Machine Axes Traversing with the machine axis direction buttons 2 2 Press the machine axis direction button and hold it for as long as you wish the axis to move You can move several axes at o
99. ects pocket milling Entry value O to 15 sum of the individual values in the value column MP 7420 Function Cases e Milling direction for a Clockwise for pockets counterclockwise for islands channel around the contour Counterclockwise for pockets clockwise for islands sequence of roughing out and First mill contour channel then rough out channel milling First rough out then mill contour channel Merge contours Merge compensated contours Merge uncompensated contours Milling in depth At each pecking depth mill channel and rough out before going to next depth Mill contour channel to full pocket depth then rough out to full pocket depth Overlapping with pocket milling Overlap factor with pocket milling product of MP7430 and the tool radius MP 7430 Function Value e Overlap factor for pockets 0 1 to 1 414 Effect of M functions The M functions M6 and M89 are influenced by MP 7440 Entry range O to 7 Sum of the individual values in the value column MP 7440 Function Cases e Programmable stop with MO6 Program stop with MO6 No program stop e Modal cycle call with M89 Modal cycle call with M89 M89 vacant M function e Axes are stopped when M Axis stop with M functions function carried out No axis stop 12 8 TNC 360 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 1 General User Parameters Safety limit for machining corners at constant path speed Corners whose inside angle is less than the entered v
100. eeeeeeennnennne 11 3 BEI T T 11 3 Regie PNIS PR T ONU NT 11 3 11 5 Machine Specific User Parameters eren 11 4 11 6 Position Display Types eeeeeeseeeeee rennen nnn nnn nnn nnn 11 4 11 7 Unit of Measurement eeeeeseeeeseeeeee nnne nennen nnn nnn nnn nnn 11 5 11 8 Programming Language eeeeeeeseeeeee nennen nnne nnn nn nnns 11 5 11 9 Axes for L Block from Actual Position Capture 11 5 11 10 Axis Traverse Limits eeeuseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee nennen nnne nnn nnn 11 6 TNC 360 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 1 12 2 12 3 12 4 12 5 12 6 TNC 360 General User Parameters ccccccccscccesceeceseceeeuseeuseuuseusseuesuseeeusauesausaess 12 2 Selecting the general user parameters sssssssssssssse mee emen nennen 12 2 Parameters for external data transfer sssssssssssssssssse m emere 12 2 Parameters Tor 3D Touch ProD6s sce eontra bn nth Pu E E Remb Fax bc ubnh inde ripnbo Cu BER a ER A Mbb CicEE 12 4 Parameters for TNC Displays and the Editor sssessssss 12 4 Parameters for machining and program run sssssssssse He menn nenne 12 7 Parameters for override behavior and electronic handwheel eseees 12 9 Miscellaneous Functions M Functions
101. ement in a main plane and a linear movement perpendicular to the plane A helix is programmed only in polar coordinates Applications You can use helical interpolation with form cutters to machine e Large diameter internal and external threads e Lubrication grooves Fig 5 39 Helix a combination of circular and linear paths Input e Total incremental angle of tool traverse on the helix e otal height of the helix Input angle Calculate the incremental polar coordinate angle IPA as follows IPA n 360 where n number of revolutions of the helical path For IPA you can enter any value from 5400 to 24 5400 n 15 Input height Enter the helix height H in the tool axis The height is calculated as r er n number of thread revolutions P thread pitch Radius compensation Enter the radius compensation for the helix accord ing to the table at right Internal thread Work direction Rotation Radius comp Right hand Z DR RL Left hand Zt DR RR Right hand Z DR RR Left hand Z DR RL External thread Work direction Rotation Radius comp Right hand Z DR RR Left hand Z DR RL Right hand Z DR RL Left hand Z DR RR Fig 5 40 The shape of the helix determines the direction of rotation and the radius compensation TNC 360 0 33 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 5 Path Contours Polar Coordinates To program a helix gt COORDINATES Select
102. emental circle center coordinates at e The circle center CC also serves as pole for polar coordinates e CC defines a position as a circle center The resulting contour is located on the circle not on the circle center To program a circle center pole Select the coordinate axis for example X Enter the coordinate for the circle center in this axis for example A20 mm Select the second coordinate axis for example Y Enter the coordinate of the circle center for example Y 10 mm Resulting NC block CC X20 Y 10 5 16 TNC 360 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 4 Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates Circular Path C Around the Center Circle CC Prerequisites The circle center CC must have been previously defined in the program The tool is located at the arc starting point S Input e Arc end point e Direction of rotation DR Fig 5 23 A circular arc from S to E around CC at The starting and end points of the arc must lie on the circle Input tolerance up to 0 016 mm e o program a full circle enter the same point for the end point as for the start point in a C block Y OID 47 X Fig 5 24 Full circle around CC with a C Fig 5 25 Coordinates of a circular arc block TNC 360 9 17 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 4 Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates To program a circular arc C around a circle center CC Enter the first coordinate of the arc end point for exa
103. essages 12 24 ROUNDING OFF NOT DEFINED Enter tangentially connecting arcs and rounding arcs correctly ROUNDING RADIUS TOO LARGE Rounding arcs must fit between contour elements SELECTED BLOCK NOT ADDRESSED Before a test run or program run you must go to the beginning of the program by entering GOTO O STYLUS ALREADY IN CONTACT Before probing pre position the stylus so that it is not touching the workpiece surface TOOL RADIUS TOO LARGE Enter a tool radius that e lies within the given limits and e permits the contour elements to be calculated and machined TOUCH POINT INACCESSIBLE Pre position the 3D touch probe to a point nearer the surface WRONG AXIS PROGRAMMED Do not attempt to program locked axes Program a rectangular pocket or slot in the working plane Do not mirror rotary axes Chamfer length must be positive WRONG RPM Program a spindle speed within the permissible range WRONG SIGN PROGRAMMED Enter the correct sign for the cycle parameter TNC 360 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 6 TNC Error Messages TNC error messages with digitizing TNC 360 AXIS DOUBLE PROGRAMMED Program two different axes for the coordinates of the starting point CONTOUR LINES cycle EXCHANGE TOUCH PROBE BATTERY Exchange the battery in the touch probe head TS 511 This message is displayed when the probe reaches the end of a line FAULTY RANGE DATA e Enter MIN coordinates that are smaller
104. f the ellipse Process The points of the ellipse are calculated and connected by many short lines The more points that are calculated and the shorter the lines between them the smoother the curve The machining direction can be varied by changing the entries for start and end angles The input parameters are listed below in blocks 1 12 Part program Load data X coordinate for center of ellipse Y coordinate for center of ellipse Semiaxis in X Semiaxis in Y start angle End angle Number of calculating steps Rotational position Plunging feed rate Milling feed rate 12 FN 0 Q12 2 Setup clearance Z 13 BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 20 14 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 15 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 2 5 16 TOOL CALL 1 Z S2800 17 L Z 2000 RO F MAX 18 CALL LBL 10 Call subprogram ellipse 19 L Z 20 RO F MAX M02 Retract in Z end of main program Continued FAL 7 Programming with Q Parameters 7 8 Examples for Exercise 20 LBL 10 21 CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM SHIFT 22 CYCL DEF 7 1 X Q1 23 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y402 Shift datum to center of ellipse 24 CYCL DEF 10 0 ROTATION 25 CYCL DEF 10 1 ROT 08 Activate rotation if Q8 is loaded 26 FN2 Q35 Q6 Q5 Calculate angle increment end angle to start angle divided by number of steps 27 FN4 Q35 035 DIV 07 Current angle for calculation set start angle 28 FNO Q36 Q5 Set counter for milled steps 29 FNO Q37 0 Call subprogram for calculating the points of the ellipse 30 CALL
105. f the spindle speed override knob is turned during tapping the control automatically adjusts the feed rate accordingly The feed rate override is disabled TNC 360 8 9 8 Cycles 8 2 Simple Fixed Cycles SLOT MILLING Cycle 3 Process Roughing process e The tool penetrates the workpiece from the Starting position and mills in the longitudinal direction of the slot e After downfeed at the end of the slot milling is performed in the opposite direction These steps are repeated until the programmed milling depth is reached Finishing process e The control advances the tool in a quarter circle at the bottom of the slot by the remaining finishing cut The tool subsequently climb mills Fig 8 4 SLOT MILLING cycle the contour with M3 e At the end of the cycle the tool is retracted in rapid traverse to the setup clearance If the number of infeeds was odd the tool returns to the starting position at the level of the setup clearance Required tool This cycle requires a center cut end mill ISO 1641 The cutter diameter must not be larger than the width of the slot and not smaller than half the width of the slot The slot must be parallel to an axis of the current coordinate system Setup clearance A Milling depth B Depth of the slot Pecking depth C FEED RATE FOR PECKING Traversing speed of the tool during penetration e FIRST SIDE LENGTH Length of the slot Specify the sign to determine the f
106. he coordinates of a known point on the workpiece The fastest easiest and most accurate way of setting the datum is by using a 3D touch probe system from HEIDENHAIN see p 2 14 To prepare the TNC Clamp and align the workpiece Insert the zero tool with known radius into the spindle Oo Select the MANUAL OPERATION mode cC Ensure that the TNC is showing actual position values see p 11 4 Setting the datum in the tool axis at Fragile workpiece If the workpiece surface must not be scratched you can lay a metal shim of known thickness d on it Then enter a tool axis datum value that is larger than the desired datum by the value d Fig 2 0 Datum setting in the tool axis right with protective shim Move the tool until it touches with workpiece surface For a preset tool Set the display to the length L of the tool for example Z 50 mm or enter the sum Z L d TNC 360 2 7 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 3 Setting the Datum Without a 3D Touch Probe To set the datum in the working plane Fig 2 6 Setting the datum in the working plane plan view upper right Move the zero tool until it touches the side of the workpiece Select the axis m pev cC en iss Enter the position of the tool center here X 5 mm in the selected axis Repeat the process for all axes in the working plane 2 8 TNC 360 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 4 3D Touch Probe Systems 3D Touch probe applic
107. he following variations Subprograms in subprograms Program section repeats in program section repeats Subprograms can be repeated e e e e Program section repeats can appear in subprograms Nesting depth The nesting depth is the number of successive levels for which subpro grams or program sections can call further subprograms or program sections Maximum nesting depth for subprograms 8 Maximum nesting depth for calling main programs 4 Subprogram in a subprogram Program layout O BEGIN PGM 360069 MM 6 g 17 Q ALLLBLE sessicteactoasntnnsiessamaasodeamobapnaanictas Call of subprogram at LBL 1 e g 35 LZ4100 RO FMAX M2 nnn Last program block of main program with M2 SOME DT 1 Subprogram 1 e g 39 CALLLBL 2 with program call of subprogram 2 c omo MM NIIT End of subprogram 1 A6 TIBE Subprogram 2 Crd O2 CALEB EO Men etr ER UD MRL End of subprogram 2 o3 END PGM S60069 MM tud cuui cuida toc End of main program Sequence of program execution Step 1 Main program 360069 is executed up to block 17 Step 2 Subprogram 1 is called and executed up to block 39 Step 3 Subprogram 2 is called and executed up to block 62 End of subprogram 2 and return to subprogram from which it was called Step 4 Subprogram 1 is executed from block 40 to block 45 End of subprogram 1 and return to main program 360069 Step 5 Main program 360069 is executed from block 18 to block 35 Return jump to block 1 an
108. heel from its position as long as the enabling switch between the magnets Is depressed If you are using the handwheel for machine setup press the enabling switch Only then can you move the axes with the axis direction keys TNC 360 2 3 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 1 Moving the Machine Axes Incremental jog positioning With incremental jog positioning a machine axis will move by a prese increment each time you press the corresponding machine axis direction button FIO ua Incremental jog positioning in the X axis A gt ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL INTERPOLATION FACTOR Select incremental jog positioning Select incremental jog positioning by pressing the handwheel mode key again ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL JOG INCREMENT Enter the jog increment here 8 mm Press the machine axis direction button as often as desired ut Incremental jog positioning must be enabled by the machine tool manufacturer Positioning with manual data input MDI Page 5 40 describes positioning by manually entering the target coordi nates for the tool 2 4 TNC 360 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 2 Spindle Speed S Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M The following values can be entered and changed in the MANUAL OPER ATION AND ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL modes of operation e Miscellaneous function M e Spindle speed S e Feedrate F can be changed but not entered For part programs these functions are entered or edited direct
109. hese drilling positions are entered without radius compensation To position without radius compensation TOOL RADIUS COMP RL RR NO COMP Select tool movement without radius compensation 4 12 TNC 360 4 Programming 4 3 Tool Compensation Values Traverse with radius compensation RR RL The tool center moves to the left RL or to the right RR of the pro grammed contour at a distance equal to the tool radius Right or left is meant as seen in the direction of tool movement as if the workpiece were stationary Fig 4 7 The tool moves to the left RL or to the right RR of the workpiece during milling To position with radius compensation TOOL RADIUS COMP RL RR NO COMP Select tool movement to the left of the programmed contour Select tool movement to the right of the programmed contour Radius compensation RR RL is not in effect until the end of the block in which it is first programmed at Between two program blocks with differing radius compensation you must program at least one block without radius compensation that is with RO TNC 360 4 13 4 Programming 4 3 Tool Compensation Values Shortening or lengthening single axis movements R R This type of radius compensation is possible only for single axis move ments in the working plane The programmed tool path is shortened R or lengthened R by the tool radius Applications e Single axis machining e Occasi
110. in X Y L Z 10 Positioning in Z Ta SSN SS a 1 VM N Ss C2 ANN Ses Te Fig 5 5 Move the spindle axis separately if there is any danger of collision 5 4 TNC 360 9 Programming Tool Movements 5 2 Contour Approach and Departure End position The end position like the starting point must be e approachable without collision e near the last contour point e located to prevent contour damage during workpiece departure The best end position E lies on the extension of the tool path The end position can be located anywhere outside of the hatch marked area in Fig 5 6 It is approached without radius compensation PIG 5 5 End position E after machining Departing the end position in the spindle axis The spindle axis is moved separately when the end position is departed Example L X Y RO approaching the end position L Z 50 retracting the tool by A 4 rig 5 Retract separately in the spindle axis Common starting and end position A common starting and end position B can be located outside of the hatch marked area in the figures The best common starting and end position lies exactly between the extensions of the tool paths for machining the first and last contour elements A common starting and end position is approached without radius com pensation Fig 5 8 Common starting and end position TNC 360 D 5 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 2 Contour Approach an
111. indle speed S sc ccciccs ccs casansdantcnatioanteadzecareadecmetteahadsasascsaniinintiatadabdlseandinanwads eden 2 5 To enter the miscellaneous function M sssssssssssse eme nnne nnns 2 6 To change the spindle speed S ssssssssss em mne nnne nnns 2 6 TO Chane the Teed fale oeieo nai aa eiia ino ant ela E tmd Urs Ud i quate Fabel Sita iit ds 2 6 Setting the Datum Without a 3D Touch Probe 2 7 Setting the datum in the tool axis ssssssssssssss Hee menm 2 7 To set the datum in the working plane sssssssssssee een 2 8 3D Touch Probe Systems eeeseeeeseeeeeeee nennen nnn nnn nnn nns 2 9 3D Touch prope applications sbexisd Bekk do eaaa dl Pacis ud Miedo 2 9 To select the touch probe menu ssssssssssss eH I m me he nenne nenne nnns 2 9 Callbraumg ie ap Tou PEIODG etu eo rn re Ett itio iieri ue Daten aas anis an as 2 10 Compensating workpiece misalignment sssssssssssee nennen 2 12 Setting the Datum with the 3D Touch Probe System 2 14 To set the datum in a specific axis ssssssssssssee II nmm Hmmm 2 14 ONS IUE 2 15 Circle center TecH METTE 2 17 Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe System 2 19 Finding the coordinate of a position on an aligned workpiece sssseeeeeee 2 19 Finding the coordinates of a corner in the working plane
112. ine by line e CONTOUR LINES For digitizing contour lines Transferring digitized data The digitized data are stored externally in a file which you name in cycle 5 RANGE at e The digitizing cycles operate in HEIDENHAIN conversational dialog e Digitizing cycles are programmed only for the axes X Y and Z e Coordinate transformations or a basic rotation must not be active during digitizing 9 2 TNC 360 9 Digitizing 3D Surfaces 9 2 Digitizing Range The digitizing range is defined in cycle 5 RANGE The model to be scanned must lie within this range You also enter the name of the file for the digitized data as well as a clearance height for pre positioning the touch probe Fig 9 1 Clearance height and digitizing range Input data e PGM NAME Name of the file in which the digitized data is to be stored e MIN POINT RANGE Coordinates of the lowest point in the range to be digitized e MAX POINT RANGE Coordinates of the highest point in the range to be digitized e CLEARANCE HEIGHT Position in the probe axis at which the probe cannot collide with the model Setting the scanning range p TCH PROBE 0 REF PLANE GOTO Select digitizing cycle 5 RANGE B n TCH PROBE 5 RANGE PGM NAME Enter the name of the file in which the digitizing data are to be stored TCH PROBE AXIS Enter the touch probe axis TNC 360 9 3 9 Digitizing 3D Surfaces 9 2 Digitizing Range MIN POINT RANGE Enter in sequence th
113. ing Language The MOD function PROGRAM INPUT lets you choose between program ming in HEIDENHAIN plain language format and ISO format e o program in HEIDENHAIN format set the PROGRAM INPUT function to HEIDENHAIN e o program in ISO format Set the PROGRAM INPUT function to ISO 11 9 Axes for L Block from Actual Position Capture TNC 360 With the MOD function AXIS SELECTION you can determine which axis coordinates will be stored in the L block generated through actual position capture Press the orange axes keys to select the desired axes You can select up to three axes The machine and TNC must be prepared for this feature by the machine tool builder 11 11 10 Setting the Axis Traverse Limits 11 6 MOD Functions The AXIS LIMIT mod function allows you to set limits to axis traverse within the machine s maxi mum working envelope Possible application to protect an indexing fixture from tool collision The maximum traverse range is defined by soft ware limit switches This range can be additionaly limited through the AXIS LIMIT mod function With this function you can enter the maximum traverse positions for the positive and negative directions These values are referenced to the scale datum Fig 11 2 Traverse limits on the workpiece Working without additional traverse limits To allow certain coordinate axes to use their full range of traverse enter the maximum traverse of the TNC 30 000 mm a
114. ions must be mathematically possible AXIS DOUBLE PROGRAMMED Each axis can only have one value for position coordinates BLK FORM DEFINITION INCORRECT e Program the MIN and MAX points according to the instructions e Choose a ratio of sides less than 84 1 e When programming with PGM CALL copy the BLK FORM into the main program CHAMFER NOT PERMITTED e A chamfer block must be inserted between two straight line blocks CIRCLE END POS INCORRECT e Enter complete information for tangential arcs e Enter end points that lie on the circular path CYCL INCOMPLETE Define the cycle with all data in the proper sequence Do not call coordinate transformation cycles Define a cycle before calling it Enter a pecking depth other than O EXCESSIVE SUBPROGRAMMING Conclude subprograms with LBLO e Program CALL LBL for subprograms without REP e Program CALL LBL for program section repeats to include the repeti tions REP e Subprograms cannot call themselves e Subprograms cannot be nested in more than 8 levels e Main programs cannot be nested as subprograms in more than 4 levels FEED RATE IS MISSING e Enter the feed rate for the positioning block e Enter FMAX in each block TNC 360 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 6 TNC Error Messages TNC 360 GROSS POSITIONING ERROR The TNC monitors positions and movements If the actual position deviates too greatly from the nominal position this blinking error me
115. irst milling Fig 8 5 Infeeds and distances for the direction SLOT MILLING cycle e SECOND SIDE LENGTH B Width of the slot e FEED RATE Traversing speed of the tool in the working plane Input data C J Fig 8 6 Side lengths of the slot 8 10 TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 2 Simple Fixed Cycles TNC 360 Example Slot milling A horizontal slot 50 mm x 10 mm and a vertical slot 80 mm x 10 mm are to be milled The starting position takes into account the tool radius in the longitudinal direction of the slot Starting position slot 1 6 mm Y 15 mm Starting position 2 20 mm Y 14 SLOT DEPTHS 15 mm Setup clearances Milling depths mm Pecking depths mm Feed rate for pecking mm min Slot length 1st milling direction Slot widths 10 mm Feed rate 120 mm min SLOT MILLING cycle in a part program 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 g BEGIN PGM 360811 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S1000 CYCL DEF 3 0 SEOT MILLING CYCL DEF 3 SET UP 2 CYCLE DEF 3 2 DEPTH 915 CYCL DEF 3 3 FECRG 580 CYCL DEF 3 4 X 50 CYCL DEF 3 5 10 CY Ck DEF 3 6 F120 L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 L X 76 Y 15 FMAX M3 L Z 2 F1000 M99 CYCL DEPS 0 SLOT MILLING CYCLE DEF 3 1 SET UP 2 CYCL DEF 3 2 DEPTH 15 CYGL DEF 3 6 PECKG D 80 CYCL DEF 3 4 Y 80 CYCL DEF 3 5 X 10 CYCL DEF 3 6 F110 L X 20 Y 14 FMAX CYCL CALL L Z 100 FMAX M2 END PGM 360811 MM Slot parallel
116. itizing 3D Surfaces 9 4 Contour Line Digitizing The TNC generates an NC part program from the digitized data The program name is entered in the scanning cycle RANGE During machine execution the tool radius determines the shape of the machined contour When tool radius equals the effective probe tip radius The program can be run without any changes The model that has been scanned is reproduced When the tool radius does not equal the effective probe tip radius In this case the machined part will be either smaller or larger than the model The HEIDENHAIN evaluation software SUSA can reproduce the original shape of workpiece models that were scanned with the meander scanning process 9 5 Using Digitized Data in a Part Program Program example with digitized data from the CONTOUR LINES cycle Program name DATA H is entered in the RANGE cycle Starting point in Z Starting point in X Y 1st digitized position 2nd digitized position Contour line completed probe has returned to first digitized position L Z 0 5 X40 Y 10 423 1st digitized position at the height of the new line L X 0 Y 12 560 Last digitized position L X 0 Y 25 FMAX Return to starting point in X Y Return to clearance height END PGM DATA MM Program end Note e The feed rate of the touch probe system for approaching the starting point and departing the end point is set in machine parameters for the touch probe e The program length is limited only by the
117. k the TNC can re establish the assign L L ment of displayed positions to machine axis positions If the position encoders feature distance coded reference marks each axis need only move a maximum of 20 mm 0 8 in for linear encoders and 20 for angle encoders Fig 1 23 Linear scales above with distance coded reference marks below with one reference mark TNC 360 ta 1 Introduction 1 3 Switch On Switch on the power supply for the TNC and machine The TNC then begins the following dialog MEMORY TEST The TNC memory is automatically checked POWER INTERRUPTED Message from the TNC indicating that the power was interrupted gt Clear the message with the CE key cC TRANSLATE PLC PROGRAM The PLC program of the TNC is automatically translated cC RELAY EXT DC VOLTAGE MISSING Switch on the control voltage The TNC checks the functioning of the EMERGENCY STOP circuit MANUAL OPERATION TRAVERSE REFERENCE POINTS To cross over the reference marks in the displayed sequence Press the START button for each axis To cross over the reference marks in any sequence For each axis press and hold down the axis direction button until the reference mark has been crossed over The TNC is now ready for operation The operating mode MANUAL OPERATION is active 1 14 TNC 360 1 Introduction 1 4 Graphics and Status Display The TNC features various graphic display modes for testing programs To be able
118. l or e with a tool pre setter A tool pre setter eliminates the need to define a tool in terms of the difference between its length and that of another tool 4 5 4 Programming 4 2 Tools Determining tool length with a zero tool For the sign of the tool length L L gt L Apositive value means the tool is longer than the zero tool L L Anegative value means the tool is shorter than the zero tool 19 4 2 Tool lengths can be given as the difference from the zero tool Write the value down and enter it later Enter the display value by using the actual position capture function see page 4 19 4 6 TNC 360 4 Programming 4 2 Tools Entering tool data into the program The following data can be entered for each tool in the part program e ool number e Tool length compensation value L e Tool radius R To enter tool data in the program block TOOL NUMBER G Designate the tool with a number for example 5 va O TOOL LENGTH L o ajo Enter the compensation value for the tool length for example x L 2 10mm TOOL RADIUS R Enter the tool radius e g R 5mm Resulting NC block TOOL DEF 5 L 10 R 5 at You can enter the tool length L directly in the tool definition by using the actual position capture function see page 4 19 TNC 360 4 7 4 Programming 4 2 Tools Entering tool data in program 0 The data for all tools can be entered in a common tool table The number of tool
119. l bolt hole circle 2 26 L Z 200 RO F MAX M2 Continued TNC 360 IAS 7 Programming with Q Parameters 8 Examples for Exercise 27 LBL 1 Subprogram bolt hole circle 28 FN 0 Q10 0 Set the counter for finished holes 29 FN 10 IF 06 NE 0 GOTO LBL 10 If the hole angle increment has been entered jump to LBL 10 30 FN 4 Q6 360 DIV 03 Calculate the hole angle increment distribute holes over 360 31 LBL 10 32 FN 1 Q11 05 06 Calculate second hole position from the start angle and hole angle increment 33 CC X Q1 Y Q2 Set pole at bolt hole circle center 34 LP PR 04 PA Q5 RO F MAX M3 Move in the plane to 1st hole 35 L Z Q7 RO F MAX M99 Move in Z to setup clearance call cycle 36 FN 1 Q10 Q10 1 Count finished holes 37 FN 9 IF Q10 EQU 03 GOTO LBL 99 Finished 38 LBL 2 39 LP PR 04 PA Q11 RO F MAX M99 Make a second and further holes 40 FN 1 Q10 Q10 1 Count finished holes 41 FN 1 Q11 O11 06 Calculate angle for next hole update 42 FN 12 IF Q10 LT O3 GOTO LBL 2 Not finished 43 LBL 99 Retract in Z End of subprogram 46 END PGM 3600715 MM 7 16 TNC 360 7 Programming with Q Parameters 8 Examples for Exercise Ellipse TNC 360 X coordinate calculation X a x cos Y coordinate calculation Y b x sin amp a b Semimajor and semiminor axes of the ellipse el Angle between the leading axis and the connecting line from P to the center of the ellipse X Y Center o
120. l the programmed milling depth is reached The remaining subcontours are milled in the same manner e Required tool This cycle requires a center cut end mill ISO 1641 Fig 8 30 Infeeds and distances for CONTOUR MILLING Input data SETUP CLEARANCE 9 MILLING DEPTH PECKING DEPTH FEED RATE FOR PECKING Traversing speed of the tool during penetration e DIRECTION OF ROTATION FOR CONTOUR MILLING The following is valid for M3 DR Climb milling for pocket and island DR Up cut milling for pocket and island e FEED RATE Traversing speed of the tool in the machining plane Fig 8 31 Finishing allowance TNC 360 9 27 8 Cycles 8 3 SL Cycles The following scheme illustrates the application of the cycles Pilot Drilling Rough Out and Contour Milling in part programming 1 List of contour subprograms CYCL DEF 14 0 CONTOUR GEOM Cycle call not required 2 Drilling Define and call the drilling CYCL DEF 15 0 PILOT DRILLING Pre positioning Cycle call required Fig 8 32 PILOT DRILLING cycle 3 Rough out Define and call tool for rough milling CYCL DEF 6 0 ROUGH OUT Pre positioning Cycle call required Fig 8 33 ROUGH OUT cycle 4 Finishing Define and call finish milling tool CYCL DEF 16 0 CONTOUR MILLING Pre positioning Cycle call required Fig 8 34 CONTOUR MILLING cycle 5 Contour subprograms STOP M02 Subprograms for the subcontours 8 28 TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 3 SL Cy
121. le center CC coordinates of end point X 50 mm and Y 0 positive direction of rotation Retract tool and end program Clearance height start pos X Start End pos Y End pos X Milling depth Center point X Center point Y Circle starting point X Circle starting point Y Tool length L Tool radius R Milling feed rate F Blocks 1 to 12 Assign numerical values to the O parameters Blocks 13 to 24 Corresponding to blocks 1 to 12 from program 360074 TNC 360 7 Programming with Q Parameters 7 2 Describing Contours Through Mathematical Functions Overview TNC 360 The mathematical functions assign the results of one of the following operations to a O parameter FNO ASSIGN e g FNO Q5 60 Assigns a value directly FN1 ADDITION e g FN1 Q1 02 5 Calculates and assigns the sum of two values FN2 SUBTRACTION e g FN2 Q1 10 5 Calculates and assigns the difference between two values FN3 MULTIPLICATION e g FN3 Q2 3 43 Calculates and assigns the product of two values FN4 DIVISION e g FN4 Q4 8 DIV 02 Calculates and assigns the quotient of two values Note Division by 0 is not possible FN5 SQUARE ROOT e g FN5 O20 SORT 4 Calculates and assigns the square root of a number Note Square root of a negative number is not possible The values in the overview above can be e two numbers e two Q parameters e anumber and a Q parameter The Q parameters and nu
122. lication Surfaces consisting of several straight line elements Duration of effect The miscellaneous function M90 is effective only in the blocks in which it is programmed Operation with servo lag must be active rig 5 41 Fig 5 42 Standard contouring behavior with RO and without M90 Contouring behavior with RO and M90 A limit value can be set in machine parameter MP7460 see page 12 9 below which the tool will move at constant leed rate valid for operation both with servo lag and with feed precontrol This value is valid regardiess of M90 TNC 360 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 6 M Functions for Contouring Behavior and Coordinate Data Machining small contour steps M97 Standard behavior without M97 The TNC inserts a transition arc at outside corners At very short contour steps this would cause the tool to damage the contour In such cases the TNC interrupts the program run and shows the error message TOOL RADIUS TOO LARGE Fig 5 43 Standard behavior without M97 if the block were to be executed as programmed Machining contour steps with M97 The TNC calculates the contour intersection see figure of the contour elements as at inside corners and moves the tool over this point M97 Is programmed in the same block as the outside corner point Duration of effect The miscellaneous function M97 is effective only in the blocks in which it is programmed Fig 5 44 Contouring beh
123. lines up to 3 axes e Circles in 2 axes e Helices 3 axes Background programming For editing one part program while the TNC is running another Test run Internally and with test run graphics Program types e HEIDENHAIN plain Language format and ISO programs e ool table Program memory e Battery buffered for up to 32 programs e Capacity approximately 4000 program blocks Tool definitions e Up to 254 tools in one program or up to 99 tools in the tool table program 0 TNC 360 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 5 Features Specifications and Accessories TNC 360 Programmable Functions Contour elements Straight line chamfer circle center circle radius tangentially connecting arc corner rounding Program jumps Subprogram program section repetition main program as subprogram Fixed cycles Peck drilling tapping also with synchronized spindle rectangular and circular pocket milling slot milling milling pockets and islands from a list of subcontour elements Coordinate transformations Datum shift mirroring rotation scaling factor 3D Touch Probe System Probing functions for measuring and datum setting digitizing 3D surfaces optional Mathematical functions Basic operations x and 96 trigonometric functions sin cos tan and arctan Square roots Va and root sum of squares Va b Logical comparisons greater than smaller than equal to not equal to TNC Specifi
124. ly in the PROGRAMMING AND EDITING operating mode OOo000 OoOoo00 Od min Da OQ Du Fig 2 4 Knobs for spindle speed and feed rate overrides To enter the spindle speed S Initiate the dialog with the TOOL CALL key SPINDLE SPEED S RPM eg BOG O Enter the spindle speed S for example 1000 rpm 1 Confirm the spindle speed S with the machine START button A miscellaneous function M starts spindle rotation at the entered speed S TNC 360 2 5 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 2 Spindle Speed S Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Function M To enter the miscellaneous function M MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M Enter the desired miscellaneous function M Activate the miscellaneous function M with the machine START key Chapter 12 provides an overview of the miscellaneous functions To change the spindle speed S Turn the spindle speed override knob Adjust the spindle speed S to between 096 and 15096 of the last entered value uit The spindle speed override will function only if your machine tool is equipped with a stepless spindle drive To change the feed rate F In the MANUAL OPERATION mode the feed rate is set through a machine parameter Turn the feed rate override knob Adjust the feed rate to between 0 and 150 of the last entered value 2 6 TNC 360 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 3 Setting the Datum Without a 3D Touch Probe You fix a datum by setting the TNC position display to t
125. mber 5 hesulting NC block LBL 5 To mark the end of the subprogram A subprogram must always end with label number O b LABEL NUMBER Resulting NC block LBL O To call the subprogram A subprogram is called with its label number gt LABEL NUMBER Calls the subprogram following LBL 5 REPEAT REP Program section is subprogram no repetitions ENT Resulting NC block CALL LBL 5 at The command CALL LBL 0 is not allowed because label 0 can only be used to mark the end of a subprogram TNC 360 6 3 6 Subprograms and Program Section Repeats 6 1 Subprograms Example for exercise Group of four holes at three different locations uit The holes are drilled with cycle 1 PECK DRILLING You enter the setup clearance teed rate drilling feed rate etc once in the cycle You can then call the cycle with the miscellaneous function M99 see page 8 3 Coordinates of the first hole in each group Group 1 X Group 2 X Group 3 X Spacing of holes IX 20mm 20mm Total hole depth DEPTH 10mm Hole diameter 5mm 15 mm 10mm 45 mm 60mm 75 mm 10mm Part Program BEGIN PGM 360064 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 72 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 2 5 TOOL CALL 1 Z 1000 CYCL DEF 1 0 PECK DRILLING CYCL DEF 1 1 SETUP 2 CYCL DEF 1 2 DEPTH 10 CYCL DEF 1 3 PECKG 10 CYCL DEF 1 4 DWELL 0 CIGLBEF 1 5 F190 L Z 100 FMAX L X 15 Y 10 RO FMAX M6 L Z 2 FMAX M3 CALL LBL 1
126. ment Sphere radius Setup clearance Plane angle Start angle End angle Increment Center of sphere X coordinate Y coordinate Milling feed rate Oversize The parameters additionally defined in the program have the following meanings Q15 Setup clearance above the sphere Q21 Solid angle during machining Q24 Distance from center of sphere to center of tool Q26 Plane angle during machining Q108 TNC parameter with tool radius Part program BEGIN PGM 360712 MM FNO O1 152 FNO Q3 04 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 90 0 5 45 2 0 Assign the sphere data to the parameters 360 5 50 50 O11 500 FNO Q12 0 BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 50 PEE aor es eee Workpiece blank define and insert tool TOOL CALL 1 Z 1000 L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 CALL LBL 10 Subprogram call L 2 100 RO FMAX M2 Retract tool jump to beginning of program OCONODOIRBWN O Continued TNC 360 IAD 7 Programming with Q Parameters 7 8 Example for exercise LBL 10 FN1 Q15 Q5 04 FNO Q21 Q1 FN1 Q24 QA Q108 FNO Q26 Q6 CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM CYCL DEF 7 1 X 09 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y Q10 CYCL DEF 7 3 Z O4 CYCL DEF 10 0 ROTATION CYCL DEF 10 1 ROT O6 CC X40 Y 0 LP PR Q24 PA Q6 RO FQ11 LBL 1 CC Z 0 X4 0108 L Y 0 Z 0 FQ11 LBL 2 LP PR 04 PA 021 RO FO11 FN2 Q21 Q21 Q3 FN11 IF Q21 GT Q2 GOTO LBL2 LP PR 04 PA Q2 L Z Q15 RO F1000 L X Q24 RO FMAX PNT Q26 O26
127. merical values in the equations can be entered with positive or negative signs To select a mathematical operation FN0 ASSIGN 3 Select function directly or with arrow keys e g FN3 MULTIPLICATION Or m uo Cw FN3 MULTIPLICATION Open a new block with the function FN3 MULTIPLICATION 7 9 7 Programming with Q Parameters 2 Describing Contours Through Mathematical Functions Programming example for fundamental operations Assign the value 10 to parameter Q5 and assign the product of Q5 and 7 to parameter O12 FN 0 ASSIGN Select Q parameter function FN O PARAMETER NUMBER FOR RESULT Enter parameter number e g Q5 FIRST VALUE PARAMETER 1 3 Assign numerical value to O5 FN 0 ASSIGN GOTO Select O parameter function FN O again a FN3 MULTIPLICATION Select Q parameter function FN3 PARAMETER NUMBER FOR RESULT Ug Enter parameter number for example Q12 FIRST VALUE PARAMETER IL SECOND VALUE PARAMETER Enter the value 7 Resulting NC blocks FNO Q5 10 FN3 Q12 05 7 7 6 TNC 360 7 Programming with Q Parameters 7 3 Trigonometric Functions Sine cosine and tangent are the terms for the ratios of the sides of right triangles Trigonometric functions simplify many calculations For a right triangle Sine sina a c Cosine cosa b c Tangent tana a b sina cosa Where e cis the side opposite the right angle e ais the side opposite the angle a
128. mm min Enter rapid tool traverse F FMAX MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M e g uy 9 Enter a miscellaneous function if appropriate for example M3 spindle on clockwise rotation Resulting NC block L IX 50 Y 10 Z 20 RR F100 M3 5 10 TNC 360 9 Programming Tool Movements 5 4 Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates Example for exercise Milling a rectangle Coordinates of the corner points Milling depth Part program O BEGIN PGM 360511 MM Begin program program number 36051 1 dimensions in millimeters BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 Define blank form for graphic workpiece simulation MIN and MAX point TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 5 TOOL CALL 1 Z 1000 Define tool in the program call tool in the spindle axis Z spindle speed S 1000 rom L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 Retract in the spindle axis rapid traverse insert tool L X 10 Y 10 FMAX Pre position in X and Y rapid traverse L 2 10 FMAX M3 Move to working depth rapid traverse spindle on with clockwise rotation L X 5 Y 5 RL F100 Move to first contour point corner point 1 with radius compensation RL and reduced feed rate F 100 Move to second contour point corner point 2 all values that remain the same as in block 8 need not be re programmed Move to third contour point corner point 3 Move to fourth contour point corner point 4 Conclude milling return to first contour point For safety reasons retract in X and Y rapid traverse Mov
129. mple xX 5 mm Enter the second coordinate of the arc end point for example Y 5 mm Terminate coordinate entry If necessary enter also e Radius compensation e Feed rate e Miscellaneous function Resulting NC block C IX45 Y 5 DR 5 18 TNC 360 9 Programming Tool Movements 5 4 Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates Example for exercise Milling a full circle in one block Circle center CC Beginning and end of a circle center C Milling depth Tool radius Part program BEGIN 360519 MM Begin program BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 2 20 Define workpiece blank BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 6 L 0 R 15 Define tool TOOL CALL 6 Z 500 Call tool CC X 50 Y 50 Coordinates of the circle center CC L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 Insert tool L X450 Y 40 FMAX Pre position the tool L Z 5 FMAX M3 Move under radius compensation to the first contour point Smooth approach Mill circular arc C around circle center CC end point coordi nates X 50 mm and Y 0 negative direction of rotation RND R10 omooth departure L X450 Y 40 RO FMAX L Z 100 FMAX M2 END PGM 360519 MM Retract tool and end program gt 00N OQARA COND CO TNC 360 9 19 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 4 Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates Circular path CR with defined radius The tool moves on a circular path with the radius R Input e Coordinates of the arc end point e Arc radius R e Direction of rotation DR Fig 5 26 Circ
130. n The maximum feed rate is set in machine parameters Individually for each axis To set the feed rate Answer the following dialog question in the positioning block FEED RATE F F MAX ENT BOD Enter the feed rate F for example F 100 mm min The question does not always appear with F MAX Rapid traverse If you wish to program rapid traverse press ENT for FMAX If you know the maximum traverse speed you can also program it directly FMAX is effective only for the block in which it is programmed Duration of feed rate F A feed rate that is entered as a numerical value remains in effect until the control executes a block in which another feed rate has been pro grammed If the new feed rate is FMAX after that block is executed the feed rate returns to the last numerically entered feed rate Changing the feed rate F You can vary the feed rate by turning the knob for feed rate override on the TNC keyboard see page 2 5 TNC 360 4 Programming 4 5 Entering Tool Related Data Spindle speed S TNC 360 Enter the spindle speed S in revolutions per minute rpm in the TOOL CALL block Input range 5 010 99999 rpm To change the spindle speed S in the part program Press the TOOL CALL key CALL TOOL NUMBER NO Ignore the prompt for the tool number WORKING SPINDLE AXIS X Y Z No Ignore the prompt for the tool axis SPINDLE SPEED S eg B o O O Enter the spindle speed S fo
131. n Radius compensation RO Miscellaneous function spindle stop If desired with smooth departure RND after this block 11 Retract tool in spindle axis Input Coordinates above the workpiece Feed rate rapid traverse Miscellaneous function end of program 12 End of program How to use this manual TNC 360 his manual describes functions and features available on the TNC 360 from NC software number 259 900 11 This manual describes all available TNC functions However since the machine builder has modified with machine parameters the available range of TNC functions to interface the control to his specific machine this manual may describe some functions which are not available on your TNC TNC functions which are not available on every machine are for example e Probing functions for the 3D touch probe system e Digitizing e Rigid tapping If in doubt please contact the machine tool builder TNC programming courses are offered by many machine tool builders as well as by HEIDENHAIN We recommend these courses as an effective way of improving your programming skill and sharing information and ideas with other TNC users The TNC beginner can use the manual as a workbook The first part of the manual deals with the basics of NC technology and describes the TNC functions It then introduces the techniques of conversational program ming Each new function is thoroughly described when it is first intro duced and th
132. n the tool L Z 15 FMAX M3 L X450 Y 0 RL F100 First contour point L X 10 Y 40 Straight line connecting tangentially to the arc CT X 50 Y 50 Arc to end point with coordinates X 50 mm and Y 50 mm Connects tangentially to the straight line in block 9 L X 100 End of contour L X 130 Y 70 RO FMAX L Z 100 FMAX M2 Retract tool and end program END PGM 360524 MM 5 24 TNC 360 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 4 Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates Corner rounding RND The tool moves in an arc that connects tangentially both with the preceding and the subsequent elements The RND function is useful for e Rounding corners Fig 5 33 Rounding radius R between G1 and G2 e Approaching and departing contours on a tangent Input Radius of the arc e Feed rate for RND Prerequisite On inside corners the rounding arc must be large enough to accommo date the tool Fig 5 34 Smooth approach with RND uit e Inthe preceding and subsequent blocks both coordinates should lie in the plane of the arc e he corner point is cut off by the rounding arc and is not part of the contour e lt A feed rate programmed in the RND block is effective only in that block After the RND block the previous feed rate becomes effective again TNC 360 9 25 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 4 Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates To program a tangential arc between two contour elements gt ROUNDING OFF RADIUS R Enter the rou
133. nate Data Programming machine reference coordinates M91 M92 Standard behavior Coordinates are referenced to the workpiece datum see page 1 7 Scale reference point The position feedback scales are provided with one or more reference marks Reference marks are used to Indicate the position of the scale reference point If the scale has only one reference mark its position is the scale reference point If the scale has several distance coded reference marks then the scale reference point is indicated by the left most reference mark at the beginning of the measuring range Machine zero miscellaneous function M91 The machine zero point is required for the following tasks e Defining the limits of traverse software limit switches e Moving to machine reference positions e g tool change position e Setting the workpiece datum Machine zero is identical with the scale reference point If you want the coordinates in a positioning block to be reference to the machine zero point end the block with the miscellaneous function M91 Coordinates that are referenced to the machine zero point are indicated in the display with REF Additional machine datum M92 In addition to the machine zero point the machine tool builder can define another machine reference position the machine datum The machine tool builder defines the distance for each axis from the machine zero to the machine datum If you want the coordinate
134. nce in this way For continuing movement MANUAL OPERATION Press and hold the machine axis direction button then press the machine e g start button The axis continues to move after you release the key together To stop the axis press the machine STOP button You can only move one axis at a time with this method TNC 360 2 Manual Operation and Setup Travesing with the electronic handwheel ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL INTERPOLATION FACTOR Enter the desired interpolation factor see table below Select the axis that you wish to move for portable handwheels at the handwheel for integral handwheels at the TNC keyboard Now move the selected axis with the electronic handwheel If you are using the portable handwheel first press the enabling switch on its back Interpolation Traverse in mm per factor revolution 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Fig 2 1 Interpolation factors for handwheel speed Fig 2 2 HR 330 Electronic Handwheel at The smallest programable interpolation factor depends on the individual machine tool Positioning with the electronic handwheel can also be carried out in the operating mode PROGRAMMING depend ing on MP7641 Working with the HR 330 Electronic Handwheel Attach the electronic handwheel to a steel surface with the mounting magnets such that it cannot be operated unintentionally Be sure not to press the axis direction keys unintentionally when you remove the handw
135. nction Value MP 6120 Probing feed rate in mm min 80 to 30 000 MP 6130 Maximum measuring range to first scanning point in mm O to 30 000 MP 6140 Safety clearance over probing point during automatic probing in mm O to 30 000 MP 6150 Rapid traverse for probe cycle in mm min 80 to 30 000 Parameters for TNC Displays and the Editor Programming station MP 7210 Function e NC with machine e NC as programming station with active PLC e NC as programming station with inactive PLC 12 4 TNC 360 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 1 General User Parameters TNC 360 Block number increment with ISO programming MP 7220 Function Value e Block number increment Oto 255 Dialog language MP 7230 Function e National dialog language e Dialog language English standard Edit protect OEM cycles For protection against editing of programs whose program number is the same as an OEM cycle number MP 7240 Function e Edit protect OEM cycles e No edit protection of OEM cycles Defining a tool table program 0 Input numerical value Parameter Function e MP 7260 Total number of tools in the table e MP 7261 Number of tools with pocket numbers e MP 7264 Number of reserved pockets next to special tools 12 12 1 Tables Overviews Diagrams General User Parameters Settings for MANUAL OPERATION mode Entry values O to 3 Sum of the individual values from the value column MP 7270
136. nding radius for example R 10 mm FEED RATE F Enter the feed rate for the rounding radius here F 100 mm min Resulting NC block RND 10 F 100 Example for exercise Rounding a corner Coordinates of the corner point Rounding radius Milling depth Tool radius Part program 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 BEGIN PGM 360526 MM Begin program BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 7 20 Define the workpiece blank BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 10 Define the tool TOOL CALL 1 Z 1500 Call the tool Insert the tool Pre position the workpiece L Z 15 FMAX M3 L X 0 Y 5 RR F100 First contour element First straight line for the corner RND R20 Round the corner with a tangential arc with radius R 20 mm between the two sides L Y 100 Second straight line for the corner L X 120 Y 120 RO FMAX Retract the tool and end program L Z 100 RO FMAX M2 END PGM 360526 MM 5 26 TNC 360 9 Programming Tool Movements 5 5 Path Contours Polar Coordinates Polar coordinates are useful for programming e Positions on circular arcs e Positions from workpiece drawings showing angular dimensions section 1 2 Fundamentals of NC provides a detailed description of polar coordinates Polar coordinates are marked with a P Polar coordinate origin Pole CC You can define the pole anywhere in the program before the blocks containing polar coordinates Enter the pole in Cartesian coordinates as a circle center in a CC block St
137. nfeeds with CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING Fig 8 12 Direction of the cutter path TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 2 Simple Fixed Cycles Example Milling a circular pocket Coordinates of the pocket center 60mm Y 50 mm Setup clearance Milling depth Pecking depth Feed rate for pecking mm min Circle radius mm Milling feed rate mm min Direction of the cutter path CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING cycle in the part program 0 1 2 3 4 D 6 7 8 9 BEGIN PGM 360815 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 7 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 10 TOOL CALL 1 Z S2000 CYCL DEF 5 0 CIRCULAR POCKET CYCL DEF 5 1 SET UP 2 Setup clearance CYCL DEF 5 2 DEPTH 12 Milling depth CYCL DEF 5 3 PECKG 6 F80 Pecking depth and feed rate for pecking CYCL DEF 5 4 RADIUS 35 Circle radius CYCL DEF 5 5 F 100 DR Milling feed rate and direction of cutter path L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 L X460 Y 450 FMAX M3 Pre positioning in X Y pocket center spindle on L Z 2 FMAX M99 Starting position in Z cycle call L Z 100 FMAX M2 END PGM 360815 MM TNC 360 9 15 8 Cycles 8 3 SL Cycles 8 16 Subcontour list SL cycles are very powerful cycles that enable you to mill any plane contour They are characterized by the following features e A contour can consist of superimposed subcontours Pockets and islands compose the subcontours e The subcontours are programmed as subprograms e he control automatically superimposes the subcontours an
138. ng 4 3 Tool Compensation Values For each tool the TNC adjusts the spindle path in the tool axis by the compensation value for the tool length In the working plane it compensates the tool radius Fig 4 4 The TNC must compensate the length and radius of the tool Effect of tool compensation values Tool length Length compensation becomes effective automatically as soon as a tool is called and the tool axis moves To cancel length compensation call a tool with the length L O If a positive length compensation was in effect before TOOL CALL O the clearance to the workpiece is reduced If the tool axis is moved immediately after a TOOL CALL the difference in length between the old and new tools is added to the programmed value Tool radius Radius compensation becomes effective as soon as a tool is called and is moved in the working plane with RL or RR To cancel radius compensation program a positioning block with RO TNC 360 4 11 4 Programming 4 3 Tool Compensation Values Tool radius compensation Tool traverse can be programmed e Without radius compensation RO e With radius compensation RL or RR e As single axis movements with R or R Fig 4 5 Programmed contour and the path of the tool center Traverse without radius compensation RO The tool center moves to the programmed coordi nates Applications e Drilling and boring e Pre positioning Fig 4 6 T
139. ng block it must be called with the miscellaneous function M89 depending on the machine parameters M89 is cancelled through e M99 CYCL CALL e anew cycle definition Prerequisites The following data must be programmed before a cycle call BLK FORM for graphic display Tool call Positioning block for starting position X Y Positioning block for starting position Z setup clearance Direction of rotation of the spindle miscellaneous functions M3 MA Cycle definition CYCL DEF 9 9 8 Cycles 8 1 General Overview Dimensions in the tool axis The dimensions for tool axis movement are always referenced to the position of the tool at the time of the cycle call and interpreted by the control as incremental dimensions It is not necessary to press the incremental key The algebraic signs for SETUP CLEARANCE TOTAL HOLE DEPTH and JOG INCREMENT define the working direction They must be entered identically usually negative Customized macros The machine tool builder can store additional cycles in the control memory These cycles can be called up under cycle numbers 68 to 99 Information on these cycles is available from the machine builder at The TNC assumes that at the beginning of the cycle the tool is positioned over the workpiece at the clearance height 8 4 TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 2 Simple Fixed Cycles PECKING Cycle 1 Process The tool drills at the entered feed rate to the first pecking depth
140. nter calibrated touch probe axis in the RANGE cycle 12 26 TNC 360 Miscellaneous Functions M Functions Miscellaneous functions with predetermined effect Effective at start of Stop program run Spindle stop Coolant off Stop program run Spindle stop Coolant off Clear the status display depend ing on machine parameter Return to block 1 Spindle on clockwise 2 Spindle on counterclockwise M05 Spindle stop Ld Tool change Stop program run depending on machine parameter Spindle Stop JN MEME NN we oan Ur wa swaere a Same function as MO2 pf Vacant miscellaneous function Smoothing corners a ai Cycle call modally effective depending on machine paraemeter EMEN Within the positioning block Coordinates are referenced to the machine datum Within the positioning block Coordinates are referenced to a position defined by the machine tool builder such as a tool change position Within the positioning block Coordinates are referenced to the current tool position Effective in blocks with RO R R Limit display of rotary axis to value under 360 Heserved Machine small contour steps Completely machine open contours Blockwise cycle call e
141. of Q113 specifies whether the highest level NC program for nesting with PGM CALL is programmed in millimeters or inches After NC start Q113 is set as follows Unit of measurement main program Parameter value Millimeters Inches Current tool length Q114 The current value of the tool length is assigned to Q114 Coordinates from probing during program run Parameters Q115 to Q118 are assigned the coordinates of the spindle position upon probing during a programmed measurement with the 3D touch probe Coordinate axis Parameter X axis Y axis Z axis IV axis Current tool radius compensation The current tool radius compensation is assigned to parameter Q123 as follows Current tool compensation Parameter value TNC 360 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 4 Diagrams for Machining Spindle speed S TNC 360 The spindle speed S can be calculated from the tool radius R and the cutting speed v as follows B V im 2 R Units o in rpm V in mm min H in mm You can read the spindle speed directly from the diagram Example Tool radius R 15mm Cutting speed V 50000 mm min Spindle speed S 500 rom calculated S 530 rpm Tool radius R mm Cutting velocity V m min 12 15 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 4 Diagrams for Machining Feed rate F The feed rate F of the tool is calculated from the number of tool teeth n the permissible depth of cut per tooth d and the spindle
142. of the pocket The signs of the side lengths are always positive e FEED RATE Traversing speed of the tool in the working plane e DIRECTION OF THE MILLING PATH DR Climb milling with M3 DR Up cut milling with M3 FIG 9 7 amp Infeeds and distances for the POCKET MILLING cycle Fig 0 9 side lengths of the pocket The radius of the pocket corners is determined by the cutter radius The tool does not perform any circular move ment in the pocket corners Calculations Stepover factor k k KxR K Overlap factor preset by the machine builder R Cutter radius Fig 8 9 Tool path for roughing out TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 2 Simple Fixed Cycles TNC 360 Example Rectangular pocket milling Coordinates of the pocket center 60 mm 35 mm Setup clearance 2 Milling depth 10 Pecking depth 4 Feed rate for pecking 80 First side length 80 Second side length 40 Milling feed rate mm min Direction of cutter path POCKET MILLING cycle in a part program 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 g BEGIN PGM 360813 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 110 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 5 TOOL CALL 1 Z S1000 CYCL DEF 4 0 POCKET MILLING CYCL DEF 4 1 SET UP 2 CYCL DEF 4 2 DEPTH 10 CYCL DEF 4 3 PECKG 4 F80 CYCL DEF 4 4 X 80 CYCL DEF 4 5 Y 40 CYCL DEF 4 6 F100 DR RADIUS 0 L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 L X 60 Y 35 FMAX M3 L Z 2 FMAX CYCL CALL L Z 100 FMAX M2 END PGM 360813
143. oint is rigidly connected to the pole but which can be freely rotated in a plane around the pole Positions in this plane are defined by e Polar Radius PR The distance from circle center CC to the defined position e Polar Angle PA The angle between the reference axis and the scale 1 8 1 1 12 Fig 1 11 Arrangement and designation of the auxiliary axes Positions on an arc with polar coordinates TNC 360 1 Introduction 1 2 Fundamentals of NC Setting a pole at circle center CC The pole circle center is defined by setting two Cartesian coordinates These two coordinates also determine the reference axis for the polar angle PA Coordinates of the pole Reference axis of the angle X XY Y Z Fig 1 13 Polar coordinates and their associated reference axes Setting the datum The workpiece drawing identifies a certain prominent point on the work piece usually a corner as the absolute datum and perhaps one or more other points as relative datums The process of datum setting establishes these points as the origin of the absolute or relative coordi nate systems The workpiece which is aligned with the machine axes is moved to a certain position relative to the tool and the display is set either to zero or to another appropriate position value e g to compen sate the tool radius TNC 360 Fig 1 14 The workpiece datum serves as the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system
144. on repeats enable you to program a machining sequence once and then run it as often as you wish Labels Subprograms and program section repeats are marked by labels A label carries a number from O to 254 Each label number except 0 can only appear once in a program Labels are assigned with the command LABEL SET LABEL 0 marks the end of a subprogram 6 1 Subprograms Principle The program is executed up to the block in which the subprogram is called with CALL LBL Then the subprogram is executed from beginning to end LBL 0 Finally the main program is resumed from the block after the subprogram call Operating limits e One main program can contain to 254 subpro grams e Subprograms can be called in any sequence and as often as desired e A subprogram cannot call itself e Subprograms should be located at the end of the main program after the block with M2 or M30 e f subprograms are located in the program before the block with MO2 or M30 they will be execut ed at least once even without being called 6 2 Fig 6 1 BEGIN PGM CALL LBL 1 lt g L Z 100 M2 LBL1 LBL O END PGM Flow diagram for a subprogram S jump B return jump TNC 360 6 Subprograms and Program Section Repeats 6 1 Subprograms Programming and calling subprograms To mark the beginning of the subprogram gt LABEL NUMBER The subprogram begins with label nu
145. onally for pre positioning the tool such as for the SLOT MILLING cycle uit R and R are activated by opening a positioning block with an orange axis key Machining corners Outside corners The TNC moves the tool in a transitional arc around outside corners The tool rolls around the corner point If necessary the feed rate F is automatically reduced at outside corners to reduce machine strain for example for very sharp changes in direction Fig 4 8 The tool rolls around outside corners al If you work without radius compensation you can influence the machining of outside corners with M90 see page 5 36 Inside corners The TNC calculates the intersection of the tool center paths at inside corners From this point it then starts the next contour element This prevents damage to the workpiece at inside corners When two or more inside corners adjoin the chosen tool radius must be small enough to fit in the programmed contour Fig 4 9 Tool path for inside corners 4 14 TNC 360 4 Programming 4 4 Program Creation To create a new part program Select any program PROGRAM NUMBER e g 7 4 3 2 Enter the number of the new program for example 7432 MM ENT INCH NO ENT Indicate whether the dimensions will be entered in millimeter or in inches Two program blocks then appear in the TNC screen 0 BEGIN PGM 7432 MM Block 0 Program beginning name unit of measure 1 END PG
146. orking plane You can measure e the angle between the angle reference axis and a workpiece side or e the angle between two sides The measured angle is displayed as a value of maximum 90 To find the angle between the angle reference axis and a side of the workpiece Select the BASIC ROTATION probe function cC ROTATION ANGLE If you will need the current basic rotation later write down the value that appears under ROTATION ANGLE Make a basic rotation with the side of the workpiece see Section Compensating workpiece misalignment 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 6 Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe The angle between the angle reference axis and the side of the workpiece appears as the ROTATION ANGLE in the BASIC ROTATION function Cancel the basic rotation Restore the previous basic rotation by setting the ROTATION ANGLE to the value that you wrote down previously To measure the angle between two sides of a workpiece Fig 2 18 Measuring the angle between two sides of a workpiece Select the BASIC ROTATION probe function ROTATION ANGLE If you will need the current basic rotation later write down the value that appears under ROTATION ANGLE Make a basic rotation for the first side see Compensating workpiece misalignment CU Probe the second side as for a basic rotation but do not set the ROTATION ANGLE to zero CU The angle PA between the workpiece sides a
147. osition drill retract CALL LBL 1 REP 5 5 Call LABEL 1 repeat program section between blocks 7 and 11 five times for 6 holes L Z 100 RO FMAX M2 END PGM 360066 MM 6 6 TNC 360 6 Subprograms and Program Section Repeats 6 2 Program Section Repeats Example for exercise Milling with program section repeat without radius compensation Machining sequence e Upward milling direction e Machine the area from X 0 to 50 mm program all X coordinates with the tool radius subtracted and from Y 0 to 100 mm EBL 1 e Machine the area from X 50 to X 100 mm program all X coordinates with the tool radius added and from Y 0 to 100 mm LBL 2 e After each upward pass the tool is moved by an increment of 2 5 mm in the Y axis The illustration to the right shows the block numbers containing the end points of the corresponding contour elements Part Program BEGIN PGM 360067 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 70 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 Note the blank form has changed TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 10 TOOL CALL 1 Z 1000 L X 20 Y 1 RO FMAX M3 LBL 1 L Z 51 FMAX L X 1 F100 L X 11 646 Z 20 2 Program section repeat 1 machining from CT X 40 Z 0 X 0 to 50 mm and Y 0 to 100 mm L X 41 L Z 10 FMAX L X 20 IY 2 5 CALL LBL 1 REP40 40 L Z 20 FMAX L X 120 Y 1 LBL2 L Z 51 FMAX L X 99 F100 L X 88 354 Z 20 2 Program section repeat 2 machining from X 50 to CT X 60 Z 0 100 mm and Y 0 to 100 mm L X 59 LZ 1
148. page 3 6 10 2 TNC 360 10 External Data Transfer 10 2 Pin Layout and Connecting Cable for the Data Interface RS 232 C V 24 Interface HEIDENHAIN devices External unit HEIDENHAIN V 24 HEIDENHAIN eg FE standard cable adapter block connecting cable 3m max 17 m C T 1 etd Id Nr 242 869 01 Id Nr 239 758 01 Id Nr 239 760 Chassis Receive Data Transmit Data Clear To Send Request To Send Data Terminal Ready Signal Ground 1 1 1 1 2 2 ZI 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 D D 9 38 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 20 DSR Data Set Ready Fig 10 2 Pin layout of the RS 232 C V 24 interface for HEIDENHAIN devices ut The connecting pin layout on the TNC logic unit X25 is different from that on the adapter block Non HEIDENHAIN devices The connector pin layout on a non HEIDENHAIN device may differ considerably from that on a HEIDENHAIN device The pin layout will depend on the unit and the type of data transfer TNC 360 10 3 10 External Data Transfer 10 3 Preparing the Devices for Data Transfer HEIDENHAIN Devices HEIDENHAIN devices FE floppy disk unit and ME magnetic tape unit are designed for use with the TNC They can be used for data transfer without further adjustments Example FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit Connect the power cable to the FE Connect the FE and the TNC with data transfer cable Switch on the FE Insert a diskette into the upper drive Format the diskette if necessary Set th
149. ppears as the ROTATION ANGLE in the BASIC ROTATION function Cancel the basic rotation Restore the previous basic rotation by setting the ROTATION ANGLE to the value that you wrote down previously 2 22 TNC 360 3 Test Run and Program Run 3 1 Test Run In the TEST RUN mode of operation the TNC checks programs and program sections for the following errors without moving the machine axes e Geometrical incompatibility e Missing data e Impossible jumps The following TNC functions can be used in the TEST RUN operating mode e Test interruption at any block e Optional block skip To do atest run j TEST RUN TO BLOCK NUMBER Test the entire program Test run functions e Interrupt the test run e Continue test run after interruption 3 2 TNC 360 3 Test Run and Program Run 3 2 Program Run In the PROGRAM RUN FULL SEQUENCE mode of operation the TNC executes a part program continuously to its end or up to a program stop In the PROGRAM RUN SINGLE BLOCK mode of operation you execute each block separately by pressing the machine START button The following TNC functions can be used during a program run Interrupt program run Start program run from a certain block Blockwise transfer of very long programs from external storage Checking changing Q parameters Graphic simulation of a program run To run a part program e Clamp the workpiece to the machine table e Set the datum e Selec
150. ppy disk unit or PC through its data interface and erases them after execution This frees memory space for new blocks To prepare for blockwise transfer e Prepare the data interface e Configure the data interface with the MOD function see page 11 3 e f you wish to transfer a part program from a PC adapt the TNC and PC to each other see pages 10 4 and 12 2 e Ensure that the transferred program meets the following requirements he highest block number must not exceed 65534 However the block numbers can repeat themselves as often as necessary All programs called from the transferred program must be present in TNC memory The transferred program must not contain Subprograms Program section repetitions Digitizing cycles TOUCH PROBE 5 0 to 7 0 The function FN 15 PRINT The TNC can store up to 20 TOOL DEF blocks j PROGRAM RUN SINGLE BLOCK or TEST RUN Select the function for blockwise transfer PROGRAM NUMBER o KJ Enter the program number and start data transfer Execute the program blocks ut If the data transfer is interrupted press the START key again 3 6 TNC 360 3 Test Run and Program Run 3 3 Blockwise Transfer Executing Long Programs Jumping over blocks The TNC can jump to any desired block in the program to begin transfer The preceding blocks are ignored during a program run Select the program and start transfer Moo C Go to the block number at which you wish to begin dat
151. programmed referenced to the datum X 0 Y 0 and then again referenced to X 70 Y 60 2 mirrored 3 In X MIRROR IMAGE cycle in a part program BEGIN PGM 360836 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 72 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 4 TOOL CALL 1 Z 1000 L Z 100 RO FMAX CALL LBL 1 CYCLE DEF 7 0 DATUM cicsencronteressatacauhtnccaiateiannds CYCL DEF 7 1 X 70 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 60 CYCL DEF 8 0 MIRROR IMAGE iscciantichicthbateie CYCL DEF S T REESE T aorin E E RU RUE CYCL DEF 8 0 MIRROR IMAGE CYCLE DEF 8 CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM CYCL DEF 7 1 X 0 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 0 L Z 100 RO FMAX M2 LBL 1 L X 10 Y 10 RO FMAX M3 L Z 2 FMAX L Z 5 F200 L X 0 Y 0 RL L Y 20 L X 25 L X 30 Y 15 L Y 0 L X 0 L X 10 Y 10 RO L Z 2 FMAX LBL O END PGM 360836 MM 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Not mirrored 1 mirrored execution sequence 1 Datum shift 2 Mirror image 3 3 Subprogram call Cancel mirror image Cancel datum shift This subprogram is identical to the subpro gram on page 8 32 TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 4 Cycles for Coordinate Transformations ROTATION Cycle 10 TNC 360 Application Within a program the coordinate system can rotated about the active datum in the working plane Activation A rotation becomes active as soon as the cycle is defined This cycle is also effective in the POSITIONING WITH MANUAL INPUT mode Reference axis for the rotation angle e X Y plane X axis
152. ption software module in the TNC e External data storage such as HEIDENHAIN FE 401 floppy disk unit or PC IBM compatible with HEIDENHAIN TNC EXE data transfer soft ware The digitized surface data can be evaluated with the e SUSA evaluation software for IBM compatible PCs uit The TNC and machine must have been prepared by the machine tool builder for the use of a 3D touch probe 9 1 The Digitizing Process The touch probe scans a 3D surface point for point in a selectable grid The scanning speeds vary from 200 to 600 mm min about 8 to 24 ipm The TNC transmits the digitized positions as straight line blocks in HEIDENHAIN format The interface function PRINT see page 7 15 determines where the blocks are stored e n the program memory of the TNC e Externally via RS 232 interface If very large amounts of data are generated you will have to store them in a PC Generating programs with digitized data The TNC automatically converts the digitized data into an NC part pro gram Such a program can be run without any additional processing provided that the cutter has the same radius as the probe stylus tip The HEIDENHAIN evaluation software SUSA calculates male female transformations and tool paths for tool radii and tool shapes that differ from the shape of the probe stylus tip Overview Digitizing cycles The following digitizing cycles are available e RANGE For defining the scanning range e MEANDER For digitizing l
153. r example 1000 rpm Resulting NC block TOOL CALL S1000 To change the spindle speed S during program run You can vary the spindle speed S on machines with stepless ballscrew drives by turning the spindle speed override knob on the TNC keyboard 4 17 4 Programming 4 6 Entering Miscellaneous Functions and STOP The M functions M for miscellaneous affect e Program run e Machine functions e ool behavior On the inside back cover of this manual you will find a list of M functions that are predetermined for the TNC The list indicates whether an M function begins at the start or at the end of the block in which it is pro grammed Answer the following prompts in a positioning block MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M e g E Enter the miscellaneous function for example M3 spindle on clockwise rotation To enter an M function in a STOP block MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M e g e Enter the miscellaneous function for example M5 spindle stop Resulting NC block STOP M5 If the M function was programmed in a STOP block program run will be interrupted at that block at some M functions are not effective on certain machines The machine tool builder may also add some of his own M functions A program run or test run is interrupted when it reaches a block containing the STOP function An M function can be programmed in a STOP block If you wish to interrupt the program run or program test for a certain du
154. r in the working plane Find the coordinates of the corner point as described under Corner as datum The TNC displays the coordinates of the probed corner as DATUM TNC 360 ZAG 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 6 Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe System Measuring workpiece dimensions Fig 2 17 Measuring lengths with the 3D touch probe Select the SURFACE DATUM probe function Move the probe to a starting position 1 near the first touch point SURFACE DATUM X X Y Y Z Z Select the probing axis and direction Probe the workpiece If you will need the current datum later write down the value that appears in the DATUM display C DATUM X cC Re select the SURFACE DATUM probe function cC Move the touch probe to a starting position 2 near the second touch point 2 20 TNC 360 2 Manual Operation and Setup 2 6 Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe System SURFACE DATUM X X Y Y Z Z e Select the axis direction with the cursor keys same axis as for f Probe the workpiece The value displayed as DATUM is the distance between the two points To return to the datum that was active before the length measurement Select the SURFACE DATUM probe function Probe the first touch point again Set the datum to the value that you wrote down previously Measuring angles TNC 360 You can also use the 3D touch probe system to measure angles in the w
155. raight line LP e You can enter any value from 360 to 4360 for PA e Enter the algebraic sign for PA relative to the angle reference axis For an angle from the reference axis counterclockwise to PR PA gt 0 For an angle from the reference axis clockwise to PR PA O TNC 360 Xoo X Fig 5 35 The pole is entered as CC Fig 5 36 Contour consisting of straight lines with polar coordinates 97 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 5 Path Contours Polar Coordinates gt COORDINATES Select polar coordinates POLAR COORDINATES RADIUS PR ae iS Enter the radius from the pole to the straight line end point for hs example PR 2 5 mm POLAR COORDINATES ANGLE PA e g E O Enter the angle from the reference axis to PR for example PA 30 If necessary enter also Radius compensation Feed rate Miscellaneous function Resulting NC block LP PR 5 PA 30 5 28 TNC 360 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 5 Path Contours Polar Coordinates TNC 360 Example for exercise Milling a hexagon Corner point coordinates Milling depth Tool radius Part program OcmOnNOOBWN O BEGIN PGM 360529 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 72 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 5 TOOL CALL 1 Z S 1000 CC X450 Y 50 L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 LP PR 60 PA 190 RO FMAX L 2 10 FMAX M3 LP PR 45 PA 180 RL F100 LP PA 120 LP PA 60 LP IPA 60 LP PA 60 LP PA 240 LP PA 180 LP PR 60 PA 170 RO FMAX L Z
156. ram run Spindle stop Coolant off pf Stop program run Spindle stop Coolant off Clear the status display depending on machine parameter Return to block 1 Spindle on clockwise Spindle stop Tool change Stop program run depending on machine parameter Spindle stop Mo Cowon 000 oe o w Spindle on clockwise Coolant on pe fo EUN Spindle on counterclockwise Coolant on e De sen Vacant miscellaneous function Or Cycle call modally effective depending on machine parameter EMEN e Within the positioning block Coordinates are referenced to the machine datum Within the positioning block Coordinates are referenced to a position defined by the machine tool builder such as a tool change position Within the positioning block Coordinates are referenced to the current tool position Effective in blocks with RO R R Limit display of rotary axis to value under 360 a p I M97 Machine small contour steps o Completely machine open contours M99 Blockwise cycle call e 12 11 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 2 Miscellaneous Functions M Functions Vacant miscellaneous functions Vacant M functions are defined by the machine tool builder They are described in the operating manual of your machine tool Effective at start of end of block block M50 0 0 0 0 t M83 o 0 0 t msz fo p Mes fT MB o 0 0 0 0 0 S o MS fo B NENNEN Mg o 0 0 0 0 0 0 e B NENNEN
157. rammed milling depth is reached e Further contours are milled in the same manner Roughing out pockets e After milling the contour the pocket is roughed out The stepover is defined by the tool radius Islands are jumped over e f necessary pockets can be cleared out with several downfeeds e At the end of the cycle the tool returns to the setup clearance Required tool This cycle requires a center cut end mill ISO 1641 if the pocket is not separately pilot drilled or if the tool must repeatedly jump over contours Input data SETUP CLEARANCE 9g MILLING DEPTH PECKING DEPTH FEED RATE FOR PECKING Traversing speed of the tool during penetration e FINISHING ALLOWANCE D Allowance in the machining plane positive number e ROUGH OUT ANGLE Feed direction for roughing out The rough out angle is relative to the angle reference axis and can be set such that the resulting cuts are as UU M TIU WE UGG a Fig 8 14 Infeeds and distances with the ROUGH OUT cycle Traversing speed of the tool in the machining plane Machine parameters determine whether e the contour is first milled and then surface machined or vice versa e the contour is milled conventionally or by climb milling e all pockets are first roughed out to the full milling depths and then contour milled or vice versa e contour milling and roughing out are performed together for each pecking depth Fig 8 15 Tool path for rough out 8 18 TN
158. ration use the cycle 9 DWELL TIME see page 8 38 To enter a STOP function gt Press the STOP key MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M Enter an M function if desired for example M6 tool change Resulting NC block STOP M6 4 18 TNC 360 4 Programming 4 7 Actual Position Capture Sometimes you may want to enter the actual po sition of the tool in a specific axis as a coordinate in a part program Instead of reading the actual posi tion values and entering them with the numeric keypad you can simply press the actual position capture key A machine parameter determines whether the coordinates are written into an existing L block or a new block is generated see also page 11 5 This feature can be used for example to enter the tool length see page 4 7 Fig 4 12 Storing the actual position in the TNC To capture the actual position MANUAL OPERATION Move the tool to the position that you wish to capture PROGRAMMING AND EDITING Select or create the block in which you wish to enter the actual position of the tool COORDINATES Select the axis in which you wish to capture a coordinate for example X Transfer the actual position coordinate to the program Enter the radius compensation according the position of the tool relative to the workpiece TNC 360 4 19 4 Programming Generating a new L block with the actual position coordinates PROGRAMMING AND EDITING In the PROGRAMMING AND EDI
159. rdinates 1 X 20mm 2 X 80mm Hole diameter 6 Setup clearance 2 Total hole depth 15 mm Pecking depth 10 mm Dwell time 1 s Feed rate 80 mm min PECKING cycle in a part program 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 BEGIN PGM 360086 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 3 TOOL CALL 1 Z S1000 CYCL DEF 1 0 PECKING CYCL DEF 1 1 SET UP 2 Setup clearance CYCL DEF 1 2 DEPTH 15 Total hole depth CYCL DEF 1 3 PECKG 10 Pecking depth CYCL DEF 14 DVVELL 1 Dwell time CYCL DEF 1 5 F 80 Feed rate L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 Approach tool change position L X 20 Y 30 FMAX M3 Pre positioning for first hole spindle on L Z 2 FMAX M99 Pre positioning in Z first hole cycle call L X 80 Y 50 FMAX M99 Approach second hole cycle call L Z 100 FMAX M2 END PGM 360086 MM 8 6 TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 2 Simple Fixed Cycles TAPPING with floating tap holder cycle 2 Process e The thread is cut in one pass e When the tool reaches the total hole depth the direction of spindle rotation is reversed After the programmed dwell time the tool is retracted to the starting position e Atthe starting position the direction of rotation is reversed once again Required tool A floating tap holder is required for tapping The floating tap holder compensates the tolerances for feed rate and spindle speed during the tapping process Fig 8 2 TAPPING cycle Input data e SETUP CLEARANCE Dis
160. responding O parameter Up to six Q parameters and numerical values can be transmitted simulta neously The TNC separates them with slashes Example FN15 PRINT 1 01 2 02 Assigning values for the PLC TNC 360 Function FN19 PLC transmits up to two numerical values for Q parameters to the PLC Input increment and unit of measure 1 uum or 0 001 Example FN19 PLC 10 03 The number 10 corresponds to 10 um or 0 01 7 Programming with Q Parameters 7 7 Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe During Program Run The 3D touch probe can measure positions on a workpiece during pro gram run Applications e Measuring differences in the height of cast surfaces e Checking tolerances during machining To activate the touch probe press the TOUCH PROBE key You pre position the probe which then automatically probes the specified position The coordinate measured for the probe point is stored in a Q parameter The TNC interrupts the probing process if the probe is not deflected within a certain range range selected with MP 6130 Fig 7 4 Workpiece dimensions to be measured To program the use of a touch probe p TCH PROBE 0 REF PLANE Select the touch probe function PARAMETER NUMBER FOR RESULT 5 Enter the number of the Q parameter to which the coordinate is to be assigned in this example Q5 PROBING AXIS PROBING DIRECTION Enter the probing axis for the coordinate in this example X Select and confirm
161. rtain radius Circle Tangential Circular arc with a tangential connection to the previous contour element RouNDing of corners Circular arc with tangential connection to the previous and subsequent contour elements TNC 360 9 Programming Tool Movements 5 4 Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates Straight line To program a straight line you enter e he coordinates of the end point E e f necessary Radius compensation feed rate miscellaneous function e The tool moves in a straight line from its starting position S to the end point E The starting position was reached in the previous block Fig 5 14 A linear movement To program a straight line gt COORDINATES If necessary Identify coordinates as relative values E T Press the orange axis selection key for example X a9 8 3 Enter the coordinate of the end point for example 50 mm If necessary If a coordinate is negative press the key Enter all further coordinates of the end point After entering all coordinates close the dialog with the ENT key cC TNC 360 Su 5 Programming Tool Movements 5 4 Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates TOOL RADIUS COMP RL RR NO COMP The tool must move to the left of the programmed contour to com pensate its own radius The tool must move to the right of the programmed contour to compensate its own radius Enter the feed rate of the tool on the straight line for example 100
162. s in a positioning block to be referenced to the machine datum end the block with the miscellaneous function M92 Workpiece datum The user enters the coordinates of the datum for workpiece machining in the MANUAL OPERATION mode see page 2 7 Fig 5 44 Machine datum 4 amp and workpiece datum D TNC 360 5 39 D Programming Tool Movements 5 7 Positioning with Manual Data Input MDI 5 40 In the POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT mode you can enter and execute single axis positioning blocks The entered positioning blocks are not stored Application examples e Pre positioning e Face milling j POSITIONING MANUAL DATA INPUT Select the MDI operating mode cC Press an orange axis selection key and enter a single axis positioning block BLOCK COMPLETE Execute the block Application example To remove workpiece misalignment on a rotary table Preparation Perform a basic rotation with the 3D touch probe system write down the ROTATION ANGLE and cancel the basic rotation again e Switch modes of operation POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT Select the positioning with MDI mode of operation e Program the desired rotation COORDINATES e Enter the ROTATION ANGLE that you previously wrote down e Enter the FEED RATE cC cC BLOCK COMPLETE The table rotates to correct the misalignment TNC 360 6 Subprograms and Program Section Repeats Subprograms and program secti
163. s in the table is selected through the machine parameter MP 7260 If your machine uses an automatic tool changer the tool data must be stored in the tool table Editing the tool table program 0 PROGRAMMING AND EDITING Call the program directory PROGRAM NUMBER al In the ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL and MANUAL modes of operation you can call the tool table at any time by simply pressing ENT Data in the tool table The tool table contains further information in addition to the tool dimensions PROGRAMMING AND EDITING T2 L 22 22 R 3 85 L 12 5 R 3 5 L 13 6 R 5 L 1 3 R 6 L 15S R 12 5 L 48 5 L 4 58 Fig 4 3 Tool table Abbreviation Input Dialog T Tool number the number with which the tool is called from the part program 9 Special tool with large radius requiring more than one SPECIAL TOOL pocket in the tool magazine A certain number of pockets YES ENT NO NO ENT Is kept vacant on each side of the special tool The letter S then appears in front of the tool number Pocket number of the tool in the magazine POCKET NUMBER Compensation value for the Length of the tool TOOL LENGTH L Radius of the tool TOOL RADIUS R 4 8 TNC 360 4 Programming 4 2 Tools Calling tool data The following data can be programmed in the TOOL CALL block e ool number e Spindle axis e Spindle speed in rpm To call the tool data Enter the number of the tool as it was defined in a tool table or in a TOOL DEF blo
164. s the AXIS LIMIT To find and enter the maximum traverse Enter the values that you wrote down as LIMITS in the corresponding axes e he tool radius is not automatically compensated in the axis traverse limits values e Traverse range limits and software limit switches become active as soon as the reference marks are crossed over e n every axis the TNC checks whether the negative limit is smaller than the positive one e The reference positions can also be captured directly with the Actual Position Capture function see page 4 19 TNC 360 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 1 General User Parameters General user parameters are machine parameters which affect the behavior of the TNC These parameters set such things as Dialog language Interface behavior Traversing speeds Machining sequence Effect of the overrides Selecting the general user parameters General user parameters are selected with code number 123 in the MOD functions at The MOD functions also include machine specific user parameters Parameters for external data transfer These parameters define control characters for blockwise transfer Input values Number between 0 and 32 382 ASCII character with 16 bit coding Note The character defined here for end of program is also valid for the setting of the standard interface MP 5010 Function End of program Beginning of program Data input Data output Beginning of command block
165. sed on the workpiece datum manually defined with datum Fig 8 36 Activation of the datum shift setting Incremental values are based on the last valid datum this datum can itself be shifted Fig 8 37 Datum shift absolute Fig 8 38 Datum shift incremental Cancellation To cancel a datum shift enter the datum shift coordinates X 20 Y2 0 and Z O at When combining transformations program the datum shift first TNC 360 8 31 8 3 4 8 32 Cycles Cycles for Coordinate Transformations Example Datum shift A machining sequence in the form of a subprogram is to be executed twice a once referenced to the specified datum 1 X 0 Y 0 and b a second time referenced to the shifted datum 2 X 40 Y 60 Cycle in a part program BEGIN PGM 360833 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 7 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 4 TOOL CALL 1 Z S1000 L Z 100 RO FMAX CALL LBL 1 Without a datum shift CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM SHIFT CYCL DEF 7 1 X 40 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 60 CALL LBL 1 With a datum shift CYCL DEF 7 0 DATUM SHIFT Cancellation of datum shift CYCL DEF 7 1 X 0 CYCL DEF 7 2 Y 0 L Z 100 RO FMAX M2 LBL 1 L X 10 Y 10 RO FMAX M3 L Z 2 FMAX L Z 5 F200 L X 0 Y 0 RL ead Subprogram for th try of the original cont L X425 program for the geometry of the original contour L X 30 Y 15 LY 0 L X 0 L X 10 Y 10 RO L Z 2 FMAX LBL O END PGM 360833 MM 0 1 2 3 4 D 6 8 9 The location of
166. shift rotation mirror image enlarging and reducing for various contours e Special cycles such as dwell time program call and oriented spindle stop Programming a cycle Defining a cycle Pressing the CYCL DEF key opens the cycle directory Select the desired cycle and program it in the dialog The following example shows how to define any cycle Open the cycle directory CYCL DEF 1 PECKING Select a cycle with the vertical arrow keys in this example cycle 17 CYCL DEF 17 RIGID TAPPING Confirm entry of the selected cycle 9 2 TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 1 General Overview TNC 360 The TNC then requests the data for the selected cycle SETUP CLEARANCE Enter setup clearance for example 2 mm a i i cC TOTAL HOLE DEPTH hesulting NC block 17 0 RIGID TAPPING 17 1 SET UP 2 1552 DEPTH 30 173 PITCH 0 75 Cycle call The following cycles become effective immediately upon being defined in the part program e Coordinate transformation cycles e Dwell time e he SL cycle CONTOUR All other cycles must be called separately Further information on cycle calls is provided in the descriptions of the individual cycles If the cycle is to be programmed after the block in which it was called up program the cycle call e with CYCL CALL gt MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION Cycle call with miscellaneous function M3 e with the miscellaneous function M99 If the cycle is to be run after every positioni
167. sition of the sectional plane is displayed on the screen while it is being moved This mode displays the simulated workpiece in three dimensional space Rotating the 3D view In the 3D view the image can be rotated around the vertical axis with the horizontal arrow keys The angle of orientation is indicated with a special symbol L 0 rotation 90 rotation d 180 rotation 270 rotation 3D view not true to scale Fig 1 19 Projection in three planes Fig 1 20 3D view Fig 1 21 Rotated 3D view If the height to side ratio is between 0 5 and 50 a non scaled 3D view can be selected with the vertical arrow keys This view improves the resolu tion of the shorter workpiece side The dimensions of the angle orientation symbol change to indicate the disproportion TNC 360 1 Introduction 1 4 Graphics and Status Display Detail magnification of a 3D graphic Fig 1 22 Detail magnification of a 3D graphic GRAPHICS Select function for detail magnification If desired switch dialog for transfer of detail TRANSFER DETAIL ENT Magnify detail Details can be magnified in any display mode The abbreviation MAGN appears on the screen to indicate that the image is magnified Return to non magnified view GRAPHICS Press BLK FORM to display the workpiece in its programmed size BLK FORM TNC 360 1 17
168. ssage is displayed To correct the error press and hold the END key for several seconds warm start KEY NON FUNCTIONAL This message always appears when you press a key that is not needed for the current dialog LABEL NUMBER NOT ALLOCATED You can only call labels numbers that have been assigned PATH OFFSET WRONGLY ENDED Do not cancel tool radius compensation in a block with a circular path PATH OFFSET WRONGLY STARTED e Use the same radius compensation before and after a RND and CHF block e o not begin tool radius compensation in a block with a circular path PGM SECTION CANNOT BE SHOWN e Enter a smaller tool radius e Movements in a rotary axis cannot be graphically simulated e Enter a tool axis for simulation that is the same as the axis in the BLK FORM PLANE WRONGLY DEFINED e Do not change the tool axis while a basic rotation is active e Define the main axes for circular arcs correctly e Define both main axes for CC PROBE SYSTEM NOT READY e Orient transmitting receiving window of TS 511 to face receiving unit e Check whether the touch probe is ready for operation PROGRAM START UNDEFINED e Begin the program only with a TOOL DEF block e Do not resume an interrupted program at a block with a tangential arc or pole transfer RADIUS COMPENSATION UNDEFINED Enter radius compensation in the first subprogram to cycle 14 CONTOUR GEOM 12 23 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 6 TNC Error M
169. t the program Jj PROGRAM RUN SINGLE BLOCK Or PROGRAM RUN FULL SEQUENCE Select the part program GOTO Go to the first block of the program g Run the part program Only in mode Run each block of the part program separately PROGRAM RUN SINGLE BLOCK D repeatedly al The feed rate and spindle speed can be changed with the override knobs TNC 360 3 3 3 S Test Run and Program Run Program Run Interrupting machining 3 4 There are various ways to interrupt a program run e Programmed interruptions e External STOP key e Switching to PROGRAM RUN SINGLE BLOCK e EMERGENCY STOP button If the TNC registers an error during program run it automatically interrupts machining Programmed interruptions Interruptions can be programmed directly in the part program The part program is interrupted at a block containing one of the following entries e SIOP e Miscellaneous functions MO M02 or M30 e Miscellaneous function MOG if the machine tool builder has assigned it a stop function To interrupt or abort machining immediately The block which the TNC is currently executing is not completed Interrupt machining The sign in the status display blinks The part program can be aborted with the STOP key Abort program run The 3 sign disappears from the status display To interrupt machining at the end of the current block You can interrupt the program run at the end of the current
170. tance between tool tip starting position and workpiece surface Standard value 4x thread pitch e OTAL HOLE DEPTH B thread length Distance between workpiece surface and end of thread e DWELL TIME Enter a value between 0 and 0 5 seconds to prevent wedging of the tool when retracted Further information is available from the machine manufacturer e FEED RATE F Traversing speed of the tool during tapping The signs for setup clearance and total hole depth are the same and depend on the working direction Calculations The feed rate is calculated as follows B 5xD F Feedrate mm min S Spindle speed rpm p hread pitch mm alt When a cycle is being run the spindle speed override control is disabled The feed rate override control is only active within a limited range preset by the machine tool builder at For tapping right hand threads activate the spindle with M3 for left hand threads use M4 TNC 360 8 7 8 8 2 Simple Fixed Cycles 8 8 Example Tapping with a floating tap holder Cutting an M6 thread at 100 rom Coordinates of the hole X 50mm Y 20mim Pitch p Tmm F Sxp gt F 100 1 100 mm min Setup clearance 3 mm Thread depth 20 mm Dwell time 0 4 s Feed rate 100 mm min TAPPING cycle in a part program 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 BEGIN PGM 360088 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 3 TOOL CALL 1 Z S1000 CYCL DEF 2 0 TAPPING
171. tering the new information press a horizon tal cursor key or the END key to confirm the change In addition to changing the existing words in a block you can also add new words with the aid of the plain language dialog Erasing blocks and words Set the selected number to O Erase an incorrect number Clear a non blinking error message Delete the selected word Delete the selected block Erase cycles and program sections First select the last block of the cycle or program section to be erased 4 4 TNC 360 4 Programming 4 2 Tools Each tool is identified by a number The tool data consisting of the e length L and e radius R are assigned to the tool number The tool data can be entered e into the individual part program in a TOOL DEF block or e once for each tool into a common tool table that is stored as pro gram O Once a tool is defined the TNC then associates its dimensions with the tool number and accounts for them when executing positioning blocks Determining tool data TNC 360 Tool number Each tool is designated with a number between 0 and 254 The tool with the number 0 is defined as having length L O and radius R 0 In tool tables TO should also be defined with L O and R O Tool radius R The radius of the tool is entered directly Tool length L The compensation value for the tool length is measured e as the difference in length between the tool and a zero too
172. than their MAX coordinates e Define the RANGE within the limits set by software limit switches e Define the RANGE for the MEANDER and CONTOUR LINES cycles MIRRORING NOT PERMITTED Reset all coordinate transformations before digitizing PLANE WRONGLY DEFINED Define the starting position coordinates CONTOUR LINES cycle in axes different from the stylus axis PROBE SYSTEM NOT READY e Orient transmitting receiving window of TS 511 to face receiving unit e Check that the touch probe is ready for operation e he touch probe cannot be retracted collision with workpiece RANGE EXCEEDED Enter a RANGE that includes the entire 3D surface to be scanned ROTATION NOT PERMITTED Reset all coordinate transformations before digitizing SCALING FACTOR NOT ALLOWED Reset all coordinate transformations before digitizing START POSITION INCORRECT Program the starting point coordinates for the CONTOUR LINES cycle so that they lie within the RANGE 12 25 12 Tables Overviews Diagrams 12 6 TNC Error Messages STYLUS ALREADY IN CONTACT Pre position the touch probe so that the stylus cannot be deflected before it reaches the RANGE TIME LIMIT EXCEEDED Enter a TIME LIMIT that is appropriate to the 3D surface to be scanned CONTOUR LINES cycle TOUCH POINT INACCESSIBLE e he stylus must not be deflected before it reaches the RANGE e he stylus must be deflected somewhere within the RANGE WRONG AXIS PROGRAMMED E
173. the probing direction POSITION VALUE Enter all coordinates of the pre positioning point values in this example X 2 5b mm Y 20 Z 2 b mm Resulting NC blocks TCH PROBE 0 0 HEF PLANE Q5 X ICH PROBE 0 1 X 5Y 0Z 5 ut Pre position the touch probe manually such that it will not collide with the workpiece when It moves toward the programmed position 7 12 TNC 360 7 Programming with Q Parameters 7 7 Measuring with the 3D Touch Probe During Program Run Example for exercise Measuring the height of an island on a workpiece Coordinates for pre positioning the 3D touch probe Q11 Q12 Q13 Q21 Q22 023 Touch point 1 Touch point 2 X mm Y mm Z mm X mm M mm Z mm Part program BEGIN PGM 3600717 MM Q11 2 20 Q12 50 Begin the program assign the coordinates for pre Q13 10 positioning the touch probe Q21 50 Q22 10 Q23 0 TOOL CALL OZ L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 Insert touch probe TCH PROBE 0 0 REF PLANE Q10 Z TCH PROBE 0 1 X 011 Y Q12 Z 013 The Z coordinate probed in the negative direction is stored in Q10 1st point L X 021 Y O22 Auxiliary point for second pre positioning TCH PROBE 0 0 REF PLANE Q20 Z TCH PROBE 0 1 X Q21 Y Q22 Z 023 The Z coordinate probed in the negative direction is stored in Q20 2nd point FN2 Q1 Q20 O10 Measure the height of the island and assign to O1 Q1 can be checked after the program run has been stopped se
174. the subprogram NC block depends on the transformation cycle LBL 1 LBL 0 Datum shift Block 15 Block 27 Mirror image rotation scaling Block 19 Block 31 TNC 360 8 Cycles 8 4 Cycles for Coordinate Transformations MIRROR IMAGE Cycle 8 TNC 360 Application This cycle makes It possible to machine the mirror image of a contour in the machining plane Activation The Mirror Image cycle becomes active as soon as it is defined Mirrored axes are identified in the status display by the letter S e f one axis is mirrored the machining direction of the tool is reversed this holds only for machining cycles e f two axes are mirrored the machining direction remains the same The mirror image depends on the location of the datum e f the datum is located on the mirrored contour the part flips over e f the datum is located outside the mirrored contour the part flips over and also moves to another location Input data Enter the axis that you wish to mirror The tool axis cannot be mirrored Cancellation To cancel a mirror image answer the dialog query with NO ENT Fig 8 39 MIRROR IMAGE cycle Fig 8 40 Fig 8 41 Multiple mirroring and milling direction Datum lies outside the mirrored contour 8 33 8 3 4 8 34 Cycles Cycles for Coordinate Transformations Example Mirror image A machining sequence subprogram 1 is to be executed once as originally
175. to X axis Setup clearance Milling depth Pecking depth feed rate for pecking Slot length and first milling direction Slot width Feed rate Approach starting position spindle on Pre positioning in Z cycle call Slot parallel to Y axis Setup clearance Milling depth Pecking depth feed rate for pecking Slot length and first milling direction Slot width Feed rate Approach starting position Cycle call 3 11 8 Cycles 8 2 Simple Fixed Cycles POCKET MILLING Cycle 4 9 12 Process The rectangular pocket milling cycle is a roughing cycle in which e the tool penetrates the workpiece at the starting position pocket center e the tool subsequently follows the programmed path at the specified feed rate see Fig 8 9 The cutter begins milling in the positive axis direction of the longer side With square pockets the cutter begins in the positive Y direction At the end of the cycle the tool returns to the starting position Requirements Limitations This cycle requires a center cut end mill ISO 1641 or a separate pilot drilling operation at the pocket center The pocket sides are parallel to the axes of the coordinate system Input data Setup clearance A Milling depth Pecking depth FEED RATE FOR PECKING Traversing speed of the tool during penetration e FIRST SIDE LENGTH O Length of the pocket parallel to the first main axis of the working plane e SECOND SIDE LENGTH B Width
176. to use this feature you must select a program run operating mode Workpiece machining is simulated graphically in the display modes e Plan view e Projection in three planes e 3D view With the fast internal image generation the TNC calculates the contour and displays a graphic only of the completed part Select display mode GRAPHICS Select display mode menu T Select desired display mode Confirm selection Start graphic display GRAPHICS Start graphic simulation in the selected display mode START The START key repeats a graphic simulation as often as desired Rotary axis movements cannot be graphically simulated An attempted test run will result in an error message Plan view TNC 360 In this mode contour height is symbolized by image brightness The deeper the contour the darker the image Number of depth levels 7 This is the fastest of the three display modes FIg 1 18 TNC graphics plan view 1 Introduction 1 4 Graphics and Status Display Projection in three planes 3D view 1 16 Here the program is displayed as in a technical drawing with a plan view and two orthographic sections A conical symbol near the graphic indi cates whether the display is in first angle or third angle projection according to ISO 6433 The type of projection can be selected with MP 7310 Moving the sectional plane The sectional planes can moved to any position with the arrow keys The po
177. touch probe 25 7b Without the 3D touch probe 2 3 Entering and testing part programs 8 Enter part program or download over external data interface 9 Test part program for errors 10 Test run Run program block by block without tool 11 If necessary Optimize part program Machining the workpiece 12 Insert tool and run part program Sequence of Program Steps Milling an outside contour Program step Key Refer to Section 1 Create or select program Input Program number Unit of measure for programming Define workpiece blank Define tools Input Tool number Tool length Tool radius Call tool data Input Tool number Spindle axis Spindle speed Tool change Input Coordinates of the tool change position Radius compensation Feed rate rapid traverse Miscellaneous function tool change Move to starting position Input Coordinates of the starting position Radius compensation RO Feed rate rapid traverse Miscellaneous function spindle on clockwise Move tool to first working depth Input Coordinate of the first working depth Feed rate rapid traverse Move to first contour point Input Coordinates of the first contour point Radius compensation for machining Machining feed rate If desired with smooth approach RND after this block 9 Machining to last contour point Input Enter all necessary values for each contour element 10 Move to end position Input Coordinates of the end positio
178. trail of dots indicates that e the dialog is not fully shown or e the dialog continues on the next page TNC 360 Contents User s Manual TNC 360 from 259 900 xx Introduction Manual Operation and Setup Test Run and Program Run Programming Programming Tool Movements subprograms and Program Section Repeats Programming with Q Parameters SOKWVOTAWN 1 Introduction 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 TNC 360 The TNC 360 PRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRMMMMMMMMMKkRRR OHINENMN 1 2 The QOS ATG Panel MER TRIER 1 3 TE T MR u 1 3 Bieb c co CENTIES T 1 5 Fundamentals of Numerical Control NC esee 1 6 Mod eri o SEMEN TRI 1 6 MOG Fe IN e 1 6 Tier imi FO eit MT NITET 1 6 Conversational programming ccccccccccseceseecec I I Hmm nme nnn nnne nnne nnn nnn nenas 1 6 HeTerence SVSTOTI cusiesasutesusas xuuat a Hine bodek iiia pip rinse rags Raga tonniin anrikas kranen aanhin iienaa 1 7 Cartesian coordinate S VSEOTEIaesotespa iis dat teda uat Doha enbatashhten e ani Miss bm db EMIT NM du M ETE 1 7 PR OT ASIN E e A E A A E repas ds piel Xess bu niente densi jos te NP LA REN DS rU dd DE 1 8 EE IEE ese i NR ITUR 1 8 Setting a pole at circle center CC sssssssssssssssss He me nm nennen 1 9 SOTEIHO aO Ca EBIUTES cet etam ttn eie teta itumvadotaetautien motus a ara a A i Ead Rte ERI E E EU EA 1 9 Absolute workpiece D
179. tware numbers of the NC and PLC are displayed in the dialog field when the corresponding MOD function is selected 11 2 TNC 360 11 MOD Functions 11 3 Entering the Code Number The TNC asks for a code number before allowing access to certain functions Code number Cancel erase edit protection status P Select user parameters Timers for Control ON Program run Spindle ON 857282 Code numbers are entered in the dialog field after the corresponding MOD function is selected 11 4 Setting the External Data Interfaces Two functions are available for setting the external data interface e BAUD RATE e RS 232 INTERFACE Use the vertical arrow keys to select the functions BAUD RATE The baud rate is the speed of data transfer in bits per second Permissible baud rates enter with the numerical keys 110 150 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 baud The ME 101 has a baud rate of 2400 RS 232 C Interface The proper setting depends on the connected device Use the ENT key to select the baud rate HEIDENHAIN FE 401 and FE 401B floppy disk units HEIDENHAIN ME 101 magnetic tape unit no longer in production Non HEIDENHAIN units such as printers tape punchers and PCs without TNC EXE No transfer of data TNC 360 11 MOD Functions 11 5 Machine Specific User Parameters 11 6 Selecting Position Display Types The machine tool builder can assign functions to up to 16 USER PARAMETERS
180. ular path from S to with radius R uit e o program a full circle with CR you must enter two successive CR blocks e The distance from the starting point to the end point cannot be larger than the diameter of the circle e The maximum permissible radius is 30 m 9 8 ft Fig 5 27 Full circle with two CR blocks Arc radius R Starting point and end point E can be con nected by four different arcs with the same radius The arcs differ in their curvatures and lengths To program a large semicircle enter the radius R with a negative sign R O To program a arc small semicircle enter the radius R with a positive sign R gt 0 CCA gt 180 CCA lt 180 Fig 5 28 Circular arcs with central angles greater than and less than 180 5 20 TNC 360 9 Programming Tool Movements 5 4 Path Contours Cartesian Coordinates Direction of rotation DR and arc shape This direction of rotation determines whether the arc is e convex curved outward or RL DR R 0 Fig 5 29 Convex path e concave curved inward RL DR R gt 0 Fig 5 30 Concave path To program a circular arc with defined radius Enter the coordinates of the arc end point for example X 10 mm Y 2 mic Enter the arc radius for example R 5 mm and determine the size of the arc using the sign here the negative sign Define the circular arc with a negative DR or positive direction of rotation DR If necess
181. urn e he number behind the slash after REP indicates jump the number of remaining repetitions e he total number of times the program section will be carried out is always one more than the programmed number of repetitions Programming and calling a program section repeat Mark the beginning LABEL NUMBER e g Repeat the program section beginning with LABEL 7 hesulting NC block LBL 7 Number of repetitions Enter the number of repetitions in the block which calls the label This block also identifies the end of the program section gt LABEL NUMBER s Execute the program section beginning with LABEL 7 REPEAT REP o 1 O Repeat the program section from LBL 7 to this block 10 times The program section will therefore be executed a total of 11 times Resulting NC block CALL LBL 7 REP 10 10 TNC 360 6 5 6 Subprograms and Program Section Repeats 6 2 Program Section Repeats Example for exercise Row of holes parallel to X axis Coordinates of 1st hole X 2 5mm Y 10mm Spacing between holes IX 215 mm No of holes N 6 Hole depth Z 10 Hole diameter 5mm Part Program 0 1 2 3 4 D 6 7 8 9 1 1 BEGIN PGM 360066 MM BLK FORM 0 1 Z X 0 Y 0 Z 20 BLK FORM 0 2 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 TOOL DEF 1 L 0 R 2 5 TOOL CALL 1 Z 1000 L Z 100 RO FMAX M6 Pre position in negative X direction Beginning of program section to be repeated L IX 15 FMAX L Z 10 F100 L Z 2 FMAX Move to hole p

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