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User Manual ISO Programming 2500 B

1. HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes TNC 2500B i Sum area Difference area Intersecting area HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B SL Cycles Overlapping pockets Both areas element A and element B along with the common overlapping area are to be machined A and B must be pockets the first pocket in cycle G37 must begin outside the second N110 G98 LI N120 G41 X 10 Y 50 N130 I 35 J 50 N140 G03 X 10 Y 50 N150 G98 LO N160 G98 L2 N170 GOL G41 X 90 Y 50 N180 1 65 J 50 N190 G03 X 90 Y 50 N200 G98 LO Area A is to be machined without the portion overlapped by B A must be a pocket and B an island A must begin outside of B N110 G98 L1 N120 G41 X 10 Y 50 N130 I 35 J 50 N140 G03 X 10 Y 50 N150 G98 LO N160 G98 L2 N170 G01 G42 X 90 Y 50 N180 1 65 J 50 N190 G03 X 90 Y 50 N200 G98 LO Only the area covered commonly by A and B Is to be machined A and B must be pockets A must begin inside of B N110 G98 L1 N120 G41 X 60 Y 50 N130 35 J 50 N140 G03 X 60 Y 50 N150 G98 LO N160 G98 L2 N170 G01 G41 X 90 Y 50 N180 I 65 J 50 N190 G03 X 90 Y 50 N200 G98 LO Programming Modes gt lid ft ne i Jaa d L Hl m
2. space mt 0 to 90 Lee TE i A Ce ag 0 to 360 ie ii i it iM a ie aN 3D angle 0 to 90 Plane angle 60 to 20 agrees EUNE 1A o cea ce 3D angle eS 3 10 to 55 ie Plane angle 60 to 20 eee ee Gye Ms hace at HEIDENHAIN ee ae ee Page TNC 2500B rogy Ing P 119 Process Input Example Program Page Programmed Probing Overview The programmable probing function enables you to take dimension measurements before or dur ing a program run You can probe the upper sur faces of castings with varying heights for example to ensure that each is machined to the proper depth In addition thermally induced position deviations of the machine can be determined at selected time intervals and compensated The probe moves to the starting position while maintaining the setup clearance machine para meter It then approaches the workpiece at the measuring feed rate Upon contact the probed position is stored and the probe retracts at rapid traverse to the setup clearance If the stylus does not make contact before reach ing the maximum probing depth machine para meter the operating is aborted Initiate the dialog PARAMETER NUMBER FOR RESULT PROBING AXIS PROBING DIRECTION Parameter number Probing axis and probing direction x a All coordinates of the starting position incremental if desired ie Conclude block
3. system Measure length N140 G55 P01 10 P02 Z Probe X Q11 Y Q12 Z Q13 N150 G55 P01 20 P02 Z Approach auxiliary point X Q21 Y Q22 Z Q23 Probe N160 L1 0 Call subprogram 1 Measure angle N170 GSS P01 30 P02 Y Probe X Q31 Y Q32 Z Q33 N180 G55 P01 40 P02 Y Probe X Q41 Y Q42 Z Q33 N190 L2 0 Call subprogram 2 N200 G38 Program STOP Check result parameter see index M Machine Operating Modes Program run Checking Changing Q Parameters N210 Z 100 M02 Retract jump to start of program HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 2500B Programming Modes P 121 Programmed Probing G55 Example Measuring length and angle Subprogram 1 N260 G98 L1 measure length N270 D02 Q01 P01 Q20 P02 Q10 Measured height or depth Z N280 G98 LO in parameter Q1 N285 Subprogram 2 N290 G98 L2 measure angle N300 D02 Q34 P01 Q40 P02 Q30 N310 D02 Q35 P01 Q41 P02 Q31 N320 D13 Q02 P01 Q34 P02 Q35 N330 D01 Q02 P01 360 P02 Q2 Measured angle in parameter Q2 N340 G98 LO N9999 129 G71 Page ee ree HEIDENHAIN P 122 ogra S VIOOES TNC 2500B Teach In Tool Position values coordinates acquired via Cap a compensation ture actual position contain the length and radius 1 Tool definition in the part program of compensation for the tool in use 3 N10 G95 TI L 0 R 0 2 Tool definition in the central tool file Therefore it is advisable when programming with z Cap
4. Fundamentals Sequence numbers Block format Editing functions Clearing deleting functions Opening a program Erase edit protection G50 Defining the workpiece blank G30 G31 Tool definition within the part program G99 Tool definition in program O Transferring tool length Tool radius Entering the radius compensation G41 G42 Working with radius compensation Radius compensation G43 G44 Tool call Tool change G38 Input Overview of path functions 1D 2D 3D movements Positioning in rapid traverse GOO Drilling G01 Chamfer G24 Example Additional axes Interpolation planes Selection guide Arbitrary transitions Tangential transitions Programming Modes O1GQ N OO O 18 19 20 Z 22 24 30 32 Programming Modes Programming Modes P Circular Movement Cartesian Polar Coordinaten Arc with circle center J K GO02 G03 Arc with radius G02 G03 Corner rounding with radius R G25 Tangential arc with end point X Y GOG Fundamentals Pole kK Straight lines G10 G11 Circular arcs G12 G13 G15 Tangential arcs G16 Corner rounding RND G25 Helical interpolation with poles J K G12 G13 Contour Approach and Departure Predetermined M Functions Program Jumps Jumps Within a Program Program Calls lo o Starting and end position On a circle with radius R G26 G27 Constant contour speed M90 Small contour steps M97 Terminating compensation M98 Ma
5. 5010 3 ETB or substitute character decima code 1 47 is sent at the end of the command block SOH or substitute character decimal code 1 47 is sent at the beginning of the command block 5010 4 0 7 ACK or substitute character decimal code 1 47 positive acknowledgement It is sent when the data block is correctly received NAK or substitute character decimal code 1 47 negative acknowledgement It is sent when the data block is incorrectly transferred DOTOS Ore EOT or substitute character decimal code 1 47 EOT is sent at the end of the data transfer 4 1 The input values apply for the data transfer software from HEIDENHAIN MP 5010 0 This defines one character from the ASCII character code for the end of program and one for the start of program for external programming ASCII characters 1 47 are accepted End of program is sent at standard data interface and blockwise transfer Start of program is only sent at blockwise transfer Determining Example End of program EIX BINARY code 00000011 bit significance Start of program STX BINARY code 00000010 MP so eo aye sf 4 3 2 1 e Senin orbi C xe w e 2 merotan of of of o of of 1 1 oe i as w e nl wl 8 Somone a276 10384 01092 006 2048 1024 512 s meroa of of of ol o ol 1 o Determine input value 1 The input value for MP 5010 0 2 is thus 515 512 515 HEIDENHAIN Pa
6. approachable without collision near the first contour point outside the material the contour will not be damaged when approaching the first contour point When working on a circle G26 G27 without the TNC approach departure function also check that the tool does not blemish the contour due to a direction change Not recommended Surface blemish due to change of Y axis direction Not recommended Suitable Also for end point Optimal Lies on the extension of the compensated path Not recommended Contour damage Not permitted Radius compensation must remain switched off for the starting position G40 The same prerequisites apply for selecting the uncompensated end point as for the starting point The ideal end point lies on the extension of the last contour element G41 Not recommended Surface blemish due to change of the X axis direction Suitable Also for the starting point Optimal Lies on the extension of the compensated path Not recommended Contour damage Not permitted Radius compensation must be switched off after departure from the contour G40 i i Illustration For a common starting and end point select programmed path point on the bisecting line of the angle se L traversed cutter center path between the first and last contour element HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes TNC 2500B Contour Approach and Departure sta
7. pre positioning with the external axis direction buttons F1 feed rate for pre positioning F2 feed rate for probing FMAX retraction in rapid traverse TS 511 CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE LENGTH CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE RADIUS BASIC ROTATION SURFACE DATUM CORNER DATUM CIRCLE CENTER DATUM Machine Operating Modes Work aid ring gauge Procedure Display 3D Touch Probe Calibrating effective length For calibration of the effective length a ring gauge of known height and known internal radius is clamped to the machine table zero tool 3D touch probe ring gauge reference plane surface length of the zero tool ball tio radius Z effective length of probe system gt D DIr occupe The reference plane is set with the zero tool prior to calibration To determine the effective length of the stylus the probe head touches the reference plane After contacting the surface the probe head is retracted in rapid traverse to the starting position The length L is stored by the control and auto matically compensated during the measurements Initiate the dialog CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE LENGTH TOOL AXIS Z DATUM 5 A Select probing function and enter Select the Datum Enter the datum in the tool axis e g 5 0 mm Move the touch probe to the vicinity of the reference plane Select the direction of probe movement here Z
8. Continue pressing until the FE setting appears Terminate the MOD operating mode Examples Select operating mode Gx for using the FE Read oui READ OUT SELECTED PROGRAM selected program OUTPUT ENT END NOENT l 13 14 24 EXTERNAL DATA OUTPUT OUTPUT ENT END NOENT Read in Select operating mode ad selected program READ IN SELECTED PROGRAM PROGRAM NUMBER EXTERNAL DATA INPUT iL E Confirm the function Select the program e g program 14 Output the program The FE is started and stopped after program transfer The next program number is then highlighted Select and output the next program or it terminate output wl Very important Confirm the function The FE generally functions with blockwise transfer and can be switched over on the rear to operate like an ME The entire range of functions for the FE is described in the operating manual for the FE HEIDENHAIN Oe Smee Page TNC 2500B gr SAES P 133 EXT Resetting the TNC to EXT Standard data transfer Blockwise transfer Adapting to non HEIDENHAIN devices Page P 134 External Data Transfer Non HEIDENHAIN devices After setting the TNC data interface to EXT the following modes can be selected via machine parameter Standard data transfer for printer reader puncher etc Blockwise transfer for computer To transfer data from the control to non HEIDENHAIN devices the contro
9. Due to overrun of 1 2 thread the start of thread is advanced by 180 starting angle a a 180 0 180 180 The overrun of 1 2 thread at the start of thread gives the following initial value for Z Z P n 1 5 mm b 1 2 8 25 mm Program 20 G71 N10 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 Workpiece blank definition 5 N20 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 N30 G99 T1 L 0 R 5 Tool definition z N40 T1 G17 S500 Tool call N50 G00 G90 Z 200 M06 Move to the tool change position p N60 G00 G40 X 50 Y 30 Move to hole center N65 G29 Define position as pole N70 Z 8 25 M03 Downfeed in center N75 G11 G41 R 32 H 180 F100 Move to wall N80 G13 G91 H 2160 Z 9 F200 Helical movement N90 G01 G40 X 50 Y 30 Retract in XY N95 G00 Z 200 M02 Retract in Z N9999 20 G71 Note Helical interpolation cannot be graphically displayed 7 CIEE Programming Modes BS Selecting the 1 contour point Starting point Direct approach Starting points End points Common starting and end point Page P 48 Contour Approach and Departure Starting and end position Before beginning contour programming specify the first contour point at which machining with radius compensation is to begin In the vicinity of the first contour point define an uncompensated starting point that can be approached in rapid traverse and be sure to consider the tool in use The starting point must fulfill the following criteria
10. G01 Z Q23 FQS Z Q22 D11 POL Q23 P02 Q24 P03 10 G98 L99 G01 Z Q24 FQS G04 FQ4 G00 Z Q21 G98 LO 7445 G71 Drill directly to final depth Clear base of bore Return to setup clearance Programming Modes Approach drilling position Drilling End of main program Setup clearance absolute Current work surface absolute Final drilling depth absolute Approach setup clearance in rapid traverse Compute new drilling depth Compute new chip breaking height Drilling depth would not be attained Drilling Chip breaking Another drilling step required HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Parametric Programming Example Elliose as an SL cycle Programming of a mathematical curve will be illustrated with an ellipse Geometry An ellipse is defined according to the following formula parameter form of the ellipse X a cos a Y b sina a and b are referred to as the semiaxes of the elliose Starting at O Q2 starting angle a and increasing a in small increments Q1 incremen tal angles Aa to 360 Q3 end angle a a multitude of points on an ellipse results If these points are connected by short straight lines see part program below block N320 a closed con tour Is produced Note The sine and cosine functions are described in detail under Parametric Programming Irigono metric functions Process The machining direction of the ellip
11. G77 P01 2 Setup clearance P02 20 Milling depth P03 6 Pecking depth P04 80 Feed rate for pecking POS 35 Circle radius P06 100 Milling feed rate G00 G40 X 60 Y 50 M03 Pre positioning in X and Y Z 2 M99 x Starting position in Z cycle call Page HEIDENHAIN P76 Programming Modes TNC 2500B oL Cycles Fundamentals The group of cycles that we categorize as SL cycles is designed for efficient programming and milling of contours with one or more tools The contour can be composed of several overlapping subcontours which are defined in separate sub programs CONTOUR GEOMETRY Cycle G37 PILOT DRILLING The term SL cycles is derived from the character Cycle G56 istic Subcontour List of cycle G37 CONTOUR GEOMETRY in which the list of subprograms is filed The control superimposes the separate contours ROUGH OUT to form a single whole The programmer need Cycle G97 not calculate the points of intersection To be able to work with several tools the machin ing task is defined in cycle G37 without tool specific data or feed values those are entered in CONTOUR the individual cycles MILLING G56 Pilot drilling if required Cycle G98 G59 G57 Rough out G58 G59 Contour milling finishing Each subprogram must specify whether G41 or G42 radius compensation applies and in which dire
12. N290 G01 Z Q15 FQ11 N300 G13 H Q7 FQ12 N310 G98 L1 N320 D01 Q20 P01 Q20 P02 Q3 N330 D11 P01 Q20 P02 Q2 P03 99 N340 13 0 N350 G01 Z Q15 FQ11 N360 G11 R Q17 FQ12 N370 G12 H Q6 N380 D01 Q20 P01 Q20 P02 Q3 N390 D11 P01 Q20 P02 Q2 P03 99 N400 L3 0 N410 G01 Z Q15 FQ11 N420 G11 R Q17 FQ12 N430 G13 H Q7 FQ12 N440 D12 P01 Q20 P02 Q2 P03 1 N450 G98 L99 N460 G00 Z Q5 N470 G54 X 0 Y 0 Z 0 N480 G98 LO N490 G98 L3 N500 D06 Q14 P01 Q20 N510 D03 Q15 P01 Q14 P02 Q31 N520 D07 Q16 P01 Q20 N530 D03 Q17 P01 Q16 P02 Q31 N540 G98 LO N9999 7816 G71 Q15 Current Z height O17 Current radius polar radius Q20 Current 3D angle Q31 Compensated contour radius Q108 Current tool radius The program can be used as a cycle Move datum to the sphere center Set circle center starting and current 3D angle Compensate sphere radius with tool radius Compute starting position Approach starting position Approach setup clearance Plunge cut at downfeed rate Circle segment to plane end angle 3D angle increment If condition is fulfilled then jump to end Position computation Pre positioning for withdrawal Return to plane starting angle 3D angle increment If condition is fulfilled then jump to end Position computation Pre positioning Arc to plane end angle If condition is fulfilled then jump to start of loop Finished re
13. The probe is first to be pre positioned to X 10 Y 20 and Z 20 and then probing begun with the X axis In positive direction The probed result X position is to be stored in Q10 TO G17 G00 G40 Z 200 M06 G55 POL 10 P02 X G90 X 10 Y 20 Z 20 Programming Modes Tool change position Probing with the X axis in positive direction measuring result in Q10 Pre positioning Q10 contains the compensated X axis measure ment after probing HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Programmed Probing G55 Example Measuring length and angle Task A length from the probing points and and an angle from the probing points and are to be measured with parameter programming Note The following program is a solution to the draw ing at right The theory behind the measurement of angles is explained briefly in Parameter Programming Trigonometry functions Main program 129 G71 Definition of probing points N10 DOO Q11 P01 20 Probing point pre positioning N20 D00 Q12 P01 50 X Y Z coordinates for N30 DOO Q13 P01 10 pre positioning N40 D00 Q21 P01 20 Probing point N50 D00 Q22 P01 15 N60 D00 Q23 P0O1 0 N70 D00 Q31 P01 20 Probing point N80 DOO Q32 P01 15 Z coordinate Q33 valid N90 DOO Q33 P01 10 for probing point N100 D00 Q41 P01 50 Probing point N110 DOO Q42 P01 10 N120 TO G17 N130 G01 G90 Z 100 F1000 M06 Retract insert probe
14. Unconditional jumps Page P 110 Parametric Programming Conditional unconditional jumps With the parameter functions DO9 to D12 you can compare one parameter with another para N23 DOO Q2 P01 50 meter or with a given number e g a maximum N24 G98 L30 value N25 D01 QI P01 Q1 P02 1 Depending on the result of this comparison a jump to a certain label in the program can be programmed conditional jump If the programmed IF condition is fulfilled a jump is performed if the condition is not fulfilled the 7 N26 D12 P01 Q1 next block following IF will be executed P02 Q2 P03 30 If you write a program call behind the called program label a jump can be made to another program Program calls are for example PGM CALL or cycle G39 N27 G00 Z200 M05 N28 X 20 Y 20 M02 Examples Decision criteria D09 P01 Q1 P02 360 P03 30 A parameter is equal to a value or a second para meter e g Q1 Q2 or in the example Q1 has the value 360 000 D10 P0I Q1 P02 Q2 P03 2 A parameter is not equal to a value or a second parameter e g Q1 Q2 D11 P01 Q1 P02 360 P03 17 A parameter is greater than a value or a second parameter e g Q1 gt Q2 Also possible greater than zero i e positive D12 P01 Q1 P02 Q2 P03 3 A parameter is less than a value or a second parameter e g QI lt Q2 Also possible less than zero i e negative You can also program u
15. Program run single block and Program run full sequence modes of operation It is pos sible to read in programs whose size exceeds the control s memory block by block for simultaneous execution General Information PROGRAMMING AND EDITING OOL RADIUS R 7 7418 Gl N18 G99 Ti L 2 ACTL K Z i Til 617 1000 x GOO G40 G20 X 10 Y 10 M Z G54 X 100 Y 20 x G28 X I 100 J x 673 G30 H 315 x TEST RUN TO BLOCK NUMBER 7410 671 G99 Ti L R 2 x Ti Gi S1000 x GOG G40 G90 X 10 Y 18 MOS x G54 X 100 Y 2Q G28 X x I 1 0 J 0 673 G90 H 315 am u a a u e e e M o a o o l a a a a M Oou o o Accessories 3D Touch Probe Systems The TNC software incorporates measuring cycles for the application of a HEIDENHAIN 3D Touch Probe in the Manual Handwheel and Pro gram run operating modes Manual use The following measurements can be performed in the Manual and Handwheel operating modes position line e angle corner point circle radius and circle center The probing functions allow compensation of workpiece misalignment and automatic setting of the position displays to help you setup work pieces more easily quickly and accurately The probing functions can also be used for measurements on the workpiece You can program position measurements in
16. Tools Tool call With the T key a new tool and the associated compensation values for length and radius are called up In addition to the tool number the control also needs to know the spindle axis to carry out length compensation in the correct axis or radius compensation in the correct plane The spindle axis also defines the plane e g XY for circular movements It is identical to the radius compensation plane This is also the plane for coordinate rotation and mirror image Spindle axis Length compensation Radius compensation Z G17 Z XY Y G18 Y ZX X G19 X YZ The spindle speed is entered directly after the spindle axis Input range of the control O to 99999 rpm If the speed exceeds the valid range for the machine the following error message appears at program run WRONG RPM A tool call activates length compensation It first becomes effective when the next tool axis movement is programmed It can be seen as a single movement in the tool axis Radius compensation first becomes effective when the compensation direction G41 or G42 is pro grammed in a positioning block A tool call block T block ends the old tool length and tool radius compensation and calls the new compensation values Example T12 G17 S300 Tool radius compensation is also ended by programming G40 in the positioning block If only the spindle speed is entered with a tool call block the
17. X 80 Y 50 M99 2 hole cycle call lineata Pro ramming Modes Page TNC 2500B g g P69 Fixed Cycles Tapping with floating tap holder G84 Function The thread is cut in one operation A floating tap holder is required for tapping It must compensate for the tolerances between the feed rate speed and the tool geometry as well as spindle run out after the position is reached Spindle speed override is inactive after a cycle call the feed rate override is only active over a limited range set by the machine manufacturer via machine parameters Input data Setup clearance A distance between tool tip starting position and workpiece surface stand ard value approx 4 x thread pitch The preceding sign depends on the working direction Total hole depth B thread length distance between workpiece surface and end of thread The signs for setup clearance and total hole depth are the same usually negative Dwell time enter either the time between reversing the direction of spindle rotation and retracting the tool or 0 This time is machine dependent Feed rate Feed rate F traversing speed of the tool during tapping thread pitch Determining the required feed rate FESP F feed rate S spindle speed P thread pitch The thread pitch is determined indirectly by the spindle speed specified in the tool call and the feed rate of the cycle see index A General Information Cutting
18. blockwise transfer Input value contains the significance 2 If the computation of the BCC during blockwise transfer results in a number less than 20 HEX control character then a space character 20 HEX is additionally sent prior to ETB In this case the BCC is always greater than 20 HEX and therefore not a control character 1 HEX Hexadecimal Example Standard data format 7 data bits ASCII code with 7 bits even parity of value Transfer stop due to DCS 1 stop bit pemaos So aT eT 5 3 2 3 Sentence oi e ef wf a at 2 enerOortaccosinay 1 of 1 ol 1 of 0 i After adding the significances you obtain the input value for machine parameter 5020 In our example 168 MP 5030 Operating mode data interface RS 232 C Operating This parameter determines the function of the data interface mode of the 0 4 standard data interface normally for printer reader punch interface 1 amp blockwise transfer normally for computer link Page HEIDENHAIN P 136 Programming Modes TNC 2500B HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Address Letters in ISO Adress Function code Program start or call H rotation about X axis rotation about Y axis rotation about Z axis Parameter definition Program parameter Q Feed rate Dwell with G04 Scaling factor with G72 Preparatory function G code Polar coordinate angle in incremental absolute dimensions Ang
19. display on the control means data is entered from the floppy disk station and received by the control Program transfer in the Programming and editing operating mode must be initiated from the control The transfer mode is selected via a menu which offers different read in and read out alternatives Read in to the TNC PROGRAM DIRECTORY The list of program numbers on the data medium is displayed The programs are not transferred READ IN ALL PROGRAMS All programs are read in from the data med lum READ IN PROGRAM OFFERED gt The programs are offered in the sequence in which they were externally stored and if de sired can be read in READ IN SELECTED PROGRAM A single selected program ts read in oo PROGRAMMING AND EDITING SELECTION ENT END NOENT PROGRAM DIRECTORY READ IN ALL PROGRAMS READ IN PROGRAM OFFERED READ OUT SELECTED PROGRAM READ OUT ALL PROGRAMS Read out from the TNC READ OUT SELECTED PROGRAM A single selected program is read out READ OUT ALL PROGRAMS The entire NC program memory is read out arr eee A started data transfer can be interrupted on the TNC by pressing the END O key After interruption of the data transfer the following error message appears PROGRAM INCOMPLETE Data can also be transferred directly between two controls The receiving contro must be started first Programming Modes HEIDENHAIN T
20. Entering the radius compensation To automatically compensate for the tool radius as entered in the TOOL DEF blocks the contro must be informed whether the tool travels to the left of to the right of or directly on the pro grammed contour G4i1 R G4O RO G42 R 54 RO If the tool is to travel on the programmed con tour no radius compensation should be pro grammed in the positioning block The modal function G40 RO must therefore be pro grammed in the same or in a previous block Programming The radius compensation is entered in positioning radius blocks G01 GO2 etc via the functions G41 RL compensation and G42 RR Left or right should be understood as looking in the direction of movement 541 R L If the tool is to travel at the distance of the radius to the left of the programmed contour enter the function G41 RL 5472 RR If the tool is to travel at the distance of the radius to the right of the programmed contour enter the function G42 RR The functions G40 G41 and G42 are modal which means that they remain effective for all fol lowing blocks until changed If you wish to keep the radius compensation of the previous block no entry is necessary HEIDENHAIN Page F TNC 2500B Programming Modes P15 til Starting point G40 RO 1 contour point G41 RL G42 RR Machining around the contour Las
21. Linear interpolation Cartesian Circular interpolation Cartesian clockwise Circular interpolation Cartesian counterclockwise Circular interpolation Cartesian no direction specified Circular interpolation Cartesian tangential transition from previous contour Paraxial positioning block Linear interpolation polar rapid traverse Linear interpolation polar Circular interpolation polar clockwise Circular interpolation polar counterclockwise Circular interpolation polar no direction specified Circular interpolation polar tangential transition from previous contour NO Dwell Mirror image Oriented spindle stop Pocket contour definition Designates program call via G79 Datum shift Pre drilling used with G37 Roughing out used with G37 Contour milling clockwise used with G37 Contour milling counterclockwise used with G37 Scaling factor Coordinate system rotation Slot milling Rectangular pocket milling clockwise Rectangular pocket milling counterclockwise Circular pocket milling clockwise Circular pocket milling counter clockwise Peck drilling Tapping V UV U U V U U U U aS CO N 00 CO N CO COMOROWMDMO Plane selection XY tool axis Z Plane selection ZX tool axis Y Plane selection YZ tool axis X Tool axis 4 axis Chamfer with length R P27 Corner rounding with R P 37 Tangential contour approach with R P 50 Tangential contour
22. Program G99 T1 L 0 R4 T1 G17 200 1 65 J 20 G01 G41 X4 10 Y 30 F500 M03 X 20 Y 60 G16 R 70 H 80 G25 Polar corners can also be rounded with the corner rounding function see Circular Move ment Cartesian Corner rounding HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes Page TNC 2500B g g P45 ii Helix Applications Input data Angle range Height Thread Radius compensation Page P 46 Polar Coordinates Helical interpolation J K G12 G13 If 2 axes are moved simultaneously to describe a circle in a main plane XY YZ ZX and a uniform linear motion of the tool axis is superimposed then the tool moves along a helix helical inter polation Helical interpolation can be used to advantage with form cutters for producing internal and external threads with large diameters or for lubri cating grooves This can save you substantial tool costs The helix is programmed in polar coordinates First specify the POLE or circle center e g J Enter the total angle of tool rotation for the polar angle H in degrees H number of rotations x 360 Maximum angle of rotation 5400 15 com plete rotations The total height L Z is entered for the tool axis Calculate the value from the thread pitch and the required number of tool rotations Z P n Z total height depth to be entered P pitch n number of threads The total height depth can b
23. conventional HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B SL Cycles Rough out G57 The tool is automatically positioned over the first penetration point with finishing allowance It may be necessary to pre position the tool before the call to prevent collision The tool penetrates at the feed rate for pecking After reaching the first pecking depth the tool mills the first subcontour at the programmed mil ling feed rate with the finishing allowance At the penetration point the tool is advanced to the next pecking depth This process is repeated until the programmed milling depth is attained Further subcontours are milled in the same man ner The area is then roughed out the tool skipping over islands as follows the tool retracts in rapid traverse to the setup clearance and moves to the next calculated penetration point The tool then penetrates behind the island in the pre milled channel at the feed rate for pecking The feed direction corresponds to the programmed rough out angle and can be set so the resulting cuts are as long as possible with few cutting move ments The stepover equals the tool radius Clear ing out can be performed with multiple down feeds The tool is retracted to the setup clearance at the end of the cycle A machine parameter determines whether the contour is milled first and then the area cleared or vice versa In the same way is specified whether contour milling or roughing out is performed continuo
24. l Standard practice automatic deceleration at corners M90 Drawbacks Note HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Predetermined M Functions M90 Constant contour speed For angular transitions such as internal corners and contours with G40 the axes are stopped briefly because an abrupt change of direction Is not mechanically possible This protects the machine and results tn sharp definition of corners For some tasks tt is advantageous not to stop at corners Example _ The contour of a free form surface produced with a large number of short linear movements Here it is desirable to smooth the corners The corners are smoothed if M90 is pro grammed in every block The workpiece is smoo ther and can be machined faster M90 prevents stoppage of the axes blockwise for G40 or inter nal corners Greater strain on the machine at sharper changes of direction until safety limit is reached specified by the machine manufacturer The exact execution depends on the machine parameters Contact the machine manufacturer for more information m RO Without M90 With M90 l Page Programming Modes P 51 Predetermined M Functions small contour steps M97 If there is a step tn the contour which is smaller than the tool radius the standard transition arc would cause contour damage The control there fore issues the error message TOOL RADIUS TOO LARGE and does not execute the corre
25. or END LI Active datum points are only shown in the ACTUAL position display This display may have to be selected with MOD see index A General Information MOD Functions Position displays HEIDENHAIN Machine Operating Modes TNC 2500B Electronic Handwheel Incremental Jog Versions The control is usually equipped with an electronic handwheel It can be used for example to set up the machine There are two versions of the electronic hand wheel HR 130 to be incorporated into machine operating panel HR 330 portable version with axis selection keys A axis direction keys B rapid traverse key C EMERGENCY STOP button D magnetic holding pads E enabling switch F Interpolation The displacement per handwheel turn is deter factor mined by the interpolation factor see table to the Ree Displacement right polation in mMm factor per turn 0 20 0 1 10 0 7 5 0 3 25 4 1 25 5 0 625 6 0 313 7 0 156 8 0 078 9 0 039 10 0 020 Operating The handwheel is switched to the required the HR 130 machine axis with the axis keys of the control Operating The axis is selected on the handwheel TTP TT aaa the HR 330 The axis to be driven by the electronic handwheel INTERPOLATION FACTOR S Em is highlighted in the screen display motns Xe 49 258 Y 23 254 In the Electronic handwheel operating 15 321 mode the machine axes can also be driven with th
26. sponding positioning block M97 M97 prevents insertion of the transition arc The control then determines a contour intersection as at Inside corners and guides the tool over this point The contour is not damaged However machining is then incomplete and the corner may have to be reworked A smaller tool may help M97 is effective blockwise and must be pro grammed in the block containing the outside corner point Without M97 Example G99 T1 LO R10 T1 G17 S100 G01 G41 X 10 Y 30 F200 M3 X 40 Y 30 M97 X 40 Y 28 X 80 Y 28 X 80 Y 30 M97 X 100 Y 30 QBOOoVOO With M97 With M97 HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Page P 52 Programming Modes Standard inside corner compensation M98 Example Multipass milling with M98 Example Multipass milling with infeeds in Z Predetermined M Functions Terminating compensation M98 On inside corners in a continuously radius com pensated contour the tool moves only to the intersection of the equidistants see top figure m The work cannot be completely machined at E G41 RL positions and e oge The middle figure shows two independent work pieces Positions and are not connected The tool must therefore be guided to positions and If you program a position with M98 the path off set remains valid until the end of this element and is ended there for this block No intersection is com
27. you can lengthen or shorten a paraxial movement i e movement in only one axis by the length of the tool radius This simplifies Positioning with manual data input ore v e Paraxial positioning SAP This radius compensation has the following effect G44 R e The displacement is lengthened by the tool radius display G43 G40 RO ee A The tool traverses to the programmed nominal position display G40 G43 R he displacement is shortened by the tool radius display G44 G43 G44 do not affect the spindle axis The tool is to traverse from initial position X O to X 46 tool radius Application example Pre positioning for the Slot cycle Input Paraxial positioning Paraxial compensation e g lengthening R Nominal position value e g X 46 Conclude block G07 G43 X 46 Uncompensated blocks e g G01 G40 X 20 and paraxial blocks e g G40 X 20 or G43 X 20 can be mixed in a part program Paraxial compensated positioning blocks G43 G44 and radius compensated positioning blocks G41 G42 are not to be entered in succession Incorrect G01 G42 X 15 Y 20 Correct G01 G40 X 15 Y 20 G40 Y 50 G43 Y 50 G43 X 40 G42 X 50 Y 57 G40 Y 70 Tool call Spindle axis Compensation effect Spindle speed Activating compensation Ending compensation Tool call Page P 18
28. A and B are the starting points of the contour labels An island can also reduce several pocket areas The starting points of the pocket contours must all be outside the island Page P 85 Expanding program 7208 Sum area Difference area Intersecting area Page P 86 SL Cycles Overlapping islands N70 G37 PO1 1 P02 2 P03 5 N210 G98 L5 N220 G01 G41 X 5 Y 5 N230 X 95 N240 Y 95 N250 X 5 N260 Y 5 N270 G98 LO Both areas element A and element B along with the common overlapping area are to remain unmachined A and B must be islands The first island must begin outside the second N110 G98 L1 N120 G42 X 10 Y 50 N130 1 35 J 50 N140 G03 X 10 Y 50 N150 G98 LO N160 G98 2 N170 G01 G42 X 90 Y 50 N180 I 65 J 50 N190 G03 X 90 Y 50 N200 G98 LO Area A is to remain unmachined except that por tion overlapped by B e A must be an island and B a pocket A must begin outside of B N110 G98 L1 N120 G42 X 10 Y 50 N130 1435 J 50 N140 G03 X 10 Y 50 N150 G98 LO
29. Feed rate F traversing speed of the tool during infeed 3 Jr Y Process The tool must be positioned to the setup clear l H F ance with a separate block before the cycle call The tool drills from the starting position to the oA first pecking depth at the programmed feed f 7 y rate A y e After reaching the first pecking depth the tool is xX A i He ZAV retracted in rapid traverse to the starting posi ne tion and advanced again to the first pecking ML Yy yyy Y depth minus the advanced stop distance t The tool then advances by another infeed at Y ff ff the programmed feed rate returns again to the starting position etc Drilling and retraction are performed alternately until the programed total hole depth is reached e After the dwell time at the hole bottom the tool is retracted to the starting position in rapid traverse Advanced The advanced stop distance t is automatically stop distance computed by the control For a total hole depth up to 30 mm t 0 6 mm For a total hole depth over 30 mm t total hole depth 50 whereby the maximum advanced stop distance ts limited to tmax 7 mm HEIDENHAIN l Page TNC 2500B Programming Modes P67 Fixed Cycles Pecking G83 Defining the cycle Operating mode SET UP CLEARANCE Specify setup clearance i Enter the sign correctly normally positive Confirm ent
30. 19 20 21 22 23 Machine Operating Modes Switch On Encoders HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Switch On Traversing the reference points 1 o Switch power on MEMORY TEST POWER INTERRUPTED EMERGENCY STOP circuit The TNC tests the internal control electronics The display is automatically cleared Delete the message The control then tests the RELAY EXT DC VOLTAGE MISSING MANUAL OPERATION TRAVERSE REFERENCE POINTS Z AXIS X AXIS Y AXIS 4th AXIS Switch on the control DC voltage I Traverse the axes over the reference points in the displayed sequence Start each axis separately or b move the axes with the F external direction keys The sequence of the axes is determined by the machine manufacturer MANUAL OPERATION The required traversing distance for linear and angle encoders with distance coded reference marks is max 10 mm or 20 mm 10 or 20 If the encoder has only one reference mark it must be traversed Manual operation is now selected auto matically Machine Operating Modes cr Jog mode Continuous operation Feed rate override Note Spindle speed Example Spindle override Miscellaneous function Example Combination Example Page Manual Operation Traversing with the axis direction buttons spindle soeed S Miscellaneous functions M The machine axes can be moved and
31. 92 In the positioning block Coordinates refer to an additional machine datum defined by the machine manufacturer such as tool change position e on D Reserved Reduce the display of the rotary axis to a value under 360 Reserved 96 Reserved 98 Path offset on outside corners Intersection instead of tangential circle Blockwise end of path offset 99 Cycle call effective blockwise Page Programming Modes PEDE AEAN P 140 TNC 2500B aml M Functions Vacant miscellaneous functions Function Effective at M Function Effective at Begin of End of Begin of End of block block block block orf o Je o ooo o O e TC C8 o e e aol ooo O CL o de o d e fo OJ oeo ee o o o d e jJ d5 ooe oe J 16 oe sep a ee a 8J ee ee ddel o S S e 20 O e i 62 o EAE lt Senji e n e es ee ee ee 66 s es o 2 ee ee x ac s 69 a a a ol ooo O O eo 29 ooo OO e I BT o o oaa l 72 2 73 S T T MONABAN S PE AE E F 3al ooo es ee ee y a e es U ps ee cc i i 78 Ce _ 2s esl e 80 ey 81 Pe 82 aaa o 8 oo e f 84 000 J e y act 85 Oeo 86 lt a 46 lt Ce o i e f a7 O eo B8 ooo d e O eee Ap Be These miscellaneous functions are assigned by the pat panies fo hncl can ene Saas oe HEIDENHAIN p ina Mod i Page TNC 2500B e a er P 141 Incre
32. E R niee or a STOP is reached N30 G54 X 10 Y 22 N40 G28 X x l NS I 182 J x Each block is started separately with the machine N60 Gr3 GIB H 315 START button ACTL WM 9 375 Z 8 985 5 General Information 9 375 8 200 8 985 0 180 F MS 9 EQUENCE 1 Y igd MOS Y 8 208 A 188 F Q M579 HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Programming and editing Test run meat d GRAPHICS BLK rT FORM pen ES TAHT External data transfer HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Programming modes Part programs can be entered looked over and altered in the Programming and editing operat ing mode In addition programs can be read tn and output via the RS 232 C data interface In the Test run operating mode machining pro grams are analyzed for logical programming errors g exceeding the traversing range of the machine redundant programming of axes certain geometrical incompatibilities etc Test graphics In the Program run operating modes full sequ ence and single block you can graphically simulate machining programs via the GRAPHICS keys Display modes e plan view with depth indication view in three planes 3 D view In the Programming and editing mode pro grams can be read in from an external storage medium and read out to an external unit Data transfer takes place via the RS 232 C data inter face In the
33. G17 Tool change position GOO G40 G90 Z 100 MO6 Tool call T1 G17 S1000 Starting position next to the workpiece X 20 Y 20 M03 Working depth Z 20 1 contour point with compensation RL GOT G41 X 0 Y 0 F200 Tangential approach G26 R15 Straight line Y 100 Chamfer G24 R20 Straight line X 100 Rounding G25 R20 Straight line Y 25 Circle center 100 J 0 G03 G91 X 25 Y 25 G01 G90 X 0 Y 0 Circle incremental Last contour point absolute Tangential departure G27 R15 End position next to the workpiece GOO G40 X 20 Y 20 Retract return to beginning of program Z 100 M02 E HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Contouring Control Machine control Manual Electronic Handwheel Positioning via MDI The axes can be moved via the external axis direction buttons The position displays can be set to desired values The axes can be driven either by using the electronic handwheel or by entering a jog increment via the external axis direction keys The axes are moved to or by a manually entered dimension with the chosen radius compensation feed rate and M function The block is not stored ss Program Run After start of the program via the external START key Full Sequence the program will automatically be executed up to the end of the program or STOP Program Run Any single block can be started separately via the Single Block external START key Programming gt Programming Part programs can be entered ch
34. GOG block Therefore the first GO6 block can appear no earlier than the third block in a program Path of the The tool ts to travel a circle connecting tangen circular arc GO6 tially to and to target point Only is programmed in the GOG block Coordinates The endpoint of the circular path can be pro grammed in either Cartesian or polar coordinates Error WRONG CIRCLE DATA messages The required minimum 2 positions before the GOG block were not programmed ANGLE REFERENCE MISSING Both coordinates of the machining plane are not given in the GO6 block and the preceding block Cartesian coordinates Polar coordinates HEIDENHAIN ee eee Page TNC 2500B ogra aah P 39 Circular Movement Cartesian Tangential arc with end point X Y GO6 Input GO6 90 Y 40 G06 X 90 Y 40 Are endpoint Program block Enter R F and M as for straight lines Input is only necessary to change earlier definitions Examples G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 different G31 G90 X 130 Y 100 Z 0 endpoints T1 G17 200 Arc A G01 G41 X 10 Y 80 F300 M03 1 tangent point X 50 Start of arc G06 X 130 Y 30 End of arc Arc B G01 G41 X 10 Y 80 semicircle F300 M03 1 tangent point X 50 Start of arc G06 X 50 0 End of arc A semicircle with R 40 is formed Arc C G01 G41 X 10 Y 80 quarter circle F300 M03 1 tangent point X 50 Start of arc G06 X 80 Y 50 End of arc A qua
35. N210 G98 LO N220 G98 L2 Auxillary pocket to externally limit N230 G41 X 5 Y 5 the machined surface N240 X 105 N250 Y 105 N260 X 5 N270 Y S N280 G98 LO N9999 7207 G71 PGM 7206 creates a contour pocket with identical dimensions HEDERA Programming Modes Page TNC 2500B g g P 81 SL Cycles Overlaps Overlapping Pockets and islands can be overlapped superim pockets and posed The resulting contour is computed by the Y islands TNC pocket pocket The area of a pocket can for example be enlarged by an another pocket or reduced by an island Starting Machining begins at the starting position of the position first contour label of cycle G37 The starting posi tions should be located as far as possible from the superimposed contours If the subcontours are always defined in the same working direction then for example with a positive working direction pockets can be easily recognized by the G41 RL compensation and islands by the G42 RR Page Programmin ease PEDEN TIAN P 82 g g TNC 25008 SL Cycles Overlapping pockets Task Overlapped pockets Interior machining of overlapping pockets with a center cut end mill ISO 1641 tool radius 3 mm PGM 7208 G71 7208 N10 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 Blank tool axis N20 G31 G90
36. P02 Q12 D03 Q21 P01 Q4 P02 Q8 D03 Q21 P01 Q21 P02 Q21 D04 Q17 POI Q2 P02 62 D04 Q17 P01 5 P02 7 D04 Q17 P01 5 P02 Q12 D04 Q17 P01 Q4 P02 Q8 DOS Q98 POL 2 DOS Q98 POI Q12 DOS Q98 POI Q70 A subtraction can be obtained from an addition and vice versa This also applies for other operations HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Programming Modes Page P 107 Basics of trigonometry Defining the trigonometric functions Length of one side DOG Sine D07 Cosine DOS Root sum of squares Page P 108 Parametric Programming Trigonometric functions A circle with radius c is divided symmetrically into four quadrants to by the two axes X and Y If the radius c forms the angle a with the X axis the two components a and b of the right angled triangle depend upon angle a _ opposite side a sina ora c sina hypotenuse c adjacent side b cos it msm CF c cos 4 hypotenuse c sna a tana cosa b According to the Pythagorean theorem c a b orc Va b A parameter is defined as the sine of an angle whereby the angle can be a number or a para meter unit of measurement of the angle degrees 044 sin Q11 D06 Q44 PO Q11 A parameter is defined as the cosine of an angle whereby the angle can be a number or a para meter unit of measurement of the angle degrees ogl cos Q11 D07 Q81 P01 Q11 A pa
37. P03 6 P04 0 P05 50 N110 T25 G17 2000 N120 G00 Z 50 M06 Tool change N130 L1 0 Tapping N140 G84 P01 2 P02 15 P03 0 P04 100 N150 T30 G17 250 N160 G00 Z 50 M06 Tool change N170 L1 0 N180 G00 G40 Z 50 M02 7 Retract spindle axis jump to start of program Subprogram 1 N190 G98 LI N200 G40 X 15 Y 10 M03 Approach hole pattern N210 Z 2 Move to setup clearance N220 L2 0 Call subprogram 2 N230 X 45 Y 60 Approach hole pattern N240 L2 0 N250 X 75 Y 10 Approach hole pattern N260 L2 0 N270 G98 LO Subprogram 2 N280 G98 L2 N290 G79 Cycle call countersink peck drill tap N300 G91 X 20 M99 x M99 blockwise cycle call N310 20 M99 N320 X 20 M99 N330 G00 G90 N340 G98 LO N9999 183 G71 Page n PT HEIDENHAIN P 62 rogra g TNC 2500B d p HEIDENHAIN a TNC 2500B Task Program procedure Program section repeat 1 Program section repeat 2 Jumping Within a Program Example Horizontal geometric form The adjacent geometric contour is to be machined from a cuboid with an end mill which is to be advanced stepwise in the Y direction by a program section repeat The contour is divided into two halves along the line of symmetry to simplify the working proce dure The contour is to be machined upwards In addition to the adjacent dimensions the cuboid length is specified with Y 100 mm The adjacent figure sch
38. Retract spindle axis jump to Start of program Label 2 Computation of the X and Y positions on the elliptical path N300 D03 Q12 P01 Q10 P02 04 N310 D03 Q13 P01 Q11 P02 Q5 N320 G01 G41 X Q12 Y Q13 F200 N330 D01 Q02 P01 Q2 P02 Q0 N340 D12 P01 Q2 P02 Q3 P03 2 N350 G98 LO Feed rate for finishing Increase angle If angle not attained jump to label 2 N9999 94152500 G71 End angle a is greater than 360 so the contour is safely completed with the cutter Modified If only the curve of the ellipse is to be milled lines N10 and N190 to N210 are not needed program Line N240 drive tool to milling depth Z is inserted behind line N320 Page P 116 HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes a TNC 2500B Parametric Programming Example Sohere Task Program 7513 machines a convex segment of a sphere using concentric circular movements in the horizontal plane Geometry The size and location of the sohere can be entered You obtain a hemisphere when you select starting 3D angle oE y End 3D angle Q2 90 Starting plane angle Q6 0 End plane angle Q7 360 Cutting Cutting is performed during both the advance and conditions return movements The following can be selected 3D angle increment Q3 Downfeed rate QU Milling feed rate Q12 Note When selecting the 3D incremental angle you have to make a compromise between the desired sur face quality and the machining time Small 3D
39. The block currently being executed is completed To continue either start each block sepa rately or reactivate Program run full sequence Program run is to be discontinued after execu E tion of the current block EMERGENCY The machine can be switched off in an emergency by hitting one of the EMERGENCY STOP buttons STOP The control acknowledges this with the message EMERGENCY STOP To continue working release the emergency stop key usually by turning it clockwise then 1 Remove the cause of error 2 Switch on the control power again 3 Clear the message EMERGENCY STOP with the CE key 4 Restart the program run Page l i HEIDENHAIN M 20 Machine Operating Modes TNC 2500B Program Run Checking changing Q parameters Q parameters You can check and if necessary change O parameters after interrupting the program run interrupt program run ia d Stop program run by pressing the an machine STOP button Interrupt program run Check parameter 2 a Select and check the desired a e parameter Change parameter Terminate Q parameter display or change the parameter and confirm HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 2500B Machine Operating Modes M 21 Programming during program execution Starting the part program Parallel operating mode programming and editing Screen display Terminating the parallel operating mode Page M 22 Program Run
40. The only differ ence is that with GO5 you do not need to enter the direction of rotation That is GO5 generates both clockwise CW and coun terclockwise CCW circular movements The prerequisite for employing GOS is that the direction of rotation has previously been pro grammed via G02 G03 a G02 CW Prerequisite The starting point of the circular movement must be approached in the immediately preced ing block Circle endpoint The circle endpoint is programmed in a G02 or GO3 block Direction of In mathematical terms the negative direction of rotation GO2 GO3 rotation G02 is clockwise CV The positive direction or rotation G03 is coun terclockwise Radius For GO2 GO3 the radius results from the distance of the position immediately before the block which was programmed with GO2 GO3 begin ning of circle to the circle center I J K Full circles A full circle can be programmed in one block only with GO2 GO3 You can enter the radius directly with R without J K Given Selection Required path function e g GO1 traverse to the starting point J K Arc starting point Circle center Arc end point GO2 G03 e g GO1 traverse to the starting point G02 G03 mit Radius R aoe Programming Modes Page TNC 2500B g g P31 Arc starting point Radius arc end point Circular Movement Cartesian selection g
41. W Workpiece datum for the part program M scale datum machine basea Switchover is with the ENT key Position The character height of the position display can be changed in the operating modes Program run single display block or Program run full sequence The position display shows 11 program blocks with small large small characters two with large characters Switchover is with the ENT key HEIDENFAIN General Information Page TNC 2500B AQ Limits Effectiveness Determine values Enter values Page A 10 Traversertange limits MOD Functions The maximum displacements are preset by fixed software limits The MOD function Limits enables you to specify additional software limits for a safety range within the limits set by the fixed software limits Thus you can for example protect against colli sion when clamping a dividing attachment The displacements are limited on each axis successi vely in both directions based on the scale datum reference marks The position display must be switched to REF before specifying the limit posi tions of the position display To work without safety limits enter the maximum values 30000 000 or 30000 000 for the corresponding axes 4 scale datum The entered limits do not account for tool compensations Like the software limit switches they are only effective after you traverse the reference points They are r
42. X 100 Y 100 Z 0 N30 G99 T2 L 0 R 3 Tool N40 T2 G17 S100 N50 G00 G90 Z 200 N60 G40 X 50 Y 50 M03 Pre position X and Y spindle on N70 G37 P01 1 P02 2 List of contour subprograms N80 G57 P01 2 P02 10 P03 10 Definition for rough out P04 500 POS 0 P06 0 l P07 500 N90 Z 2 M99 Setup clearance Z cycle call N100 G00 G40 Z 200 M02 Retract return jump to start of program Note Machining begins with the first contour label defined in block N70 The first pocket must begin outside the second pocket esate gedit Programming Modes Page TNC 2500B g g P 83 Points of intersection Execution Page P 84 SL Cycles Overlapping pockets The pocket elements A and B overlap each other Since the control automatically computes the points of intersection S1 and S2 these points need not be programmed They are programmed as full circles N110 G98 LI N120 G41 X 10 Y 50 N130 1 35 J 50 A Left pocket N140 G03 X 10 Y 50 N150 G98 LO N160 G98 L2 N170 G01 G41 X 90 Y 50 N180 I 65 J 50 B N190 G03 X 90 Y 50 N200 G98 LO Right pocket N9999 7208 G71 Depending on the control setup machine parameters machining begins either with the contour edge or the area Contour edge is machined first Area is machined first i i i
43. all the same usually negative Feed rate for pecking F traversing speed of the tool at penetration Circle radius R radius of the circular pocket Feed rate F traversing speed of the tool in the machining plane Direction of the milling path Conventional milling up cut GFT clockwise up cut milling with M3 Climb milling down cut G78 counterclockwise down cut milling with M3 Starting The starting position S pocket center must be position approached without radius compensation in a a preceding positioning block Process The tool penetrates the work from the starting position pocket center at the feed rate for pecking The cutter then follows the programmed spiral path at feed rate F The direction of the path depends upon the programming here G78 The starting direction of the cutter is for the XY plane the Y direction ZX plane the X direction YZ plane the Z direction The maximum stepover is the value k see Rec tangular Pocket Milling The process is repeated until the programmed milling depth is reached When milling is completed the tool is withdrawn to the starting position HEIDENHAIN ee iode 7 Page TNC 2500B wore ac P75 Fixed Cycles Circular pocket milling G77 G78 Example A circular pocket with radius 35 mm and depth 20 mm is to be milled at position X 60 Y 50 G99 T1 L 0 R10 T1 G17 S200
44. and in any N20 G98 LI sequence N21 G79 N22 G98 L2 N23 G00 G91 X 10 M99 N24 L2 5 N25 G98 LO No repetitions For a subprogram call with the L key the block is concluded after the label number with END U A subprogram can be called at any point in the main program but not from within the same subprogram Program run The control executes the main program until the subprogram call A jump to the called program label is then performed Subprogram 1 is executed until G98 LO end of subprogram Then the return jump to the main program follows The main program is resumed with the block following the subprogram call G98 Ll G98 LO Subprograms should be placed after the main program behind M2 or M30 for the sake of clarity If a subprogram is placed within the main program it is also executed once during program run without being called Error messages If a subprogram call is programmed incorrectly e g an end of subprogram lacks G98 LO the error message EXCESSIVE SUBPROGRAMMING appears HEIDENHAIN eer ae ere Page TNC 25008 29S IIS P59 Jumps Within a Program Subprograms Entry 1 G71 example Subprogam 2 L2 0 Subprogram 2 is called from within the main program G00 Z 100 M02 Retract and return jump to start G98 L2 Start of subprogram 2 End of subprogram 2 N9999 1 G71 End of main program Example A group of fo
45. automatically limits rapid traverse to the permissible values lf the F display is highlighted and the axes do not move this means the feed rate was not enabled at the control interface In this case you must contact your machine manufacturer The spindle speeds are set through a tool call T block On machines with continuous spindle drive the speed can be varied from 0 to 150 using the spindle override Spindle override is disabled during tapping Miscellaneous functions can be programed to regulate certain machine functions e g spindle on to control program run and to influence tool movements The miscellaneous functions are comprised of the address M and a code number according to ISO 6983 All of the M functions from MOO to M99 can be used Certain M functions become effective at the start of block e g MO3 spindle on clockwise i e before movement and others become effective at the end of block e g MOS spindle stop Only a certain number of these M functions are effective on any given machine some machines may employ additional non standard M functions not defined by the control M functions are normally programmed in positioning blocks G01 GO2 etc However M functions can also be programmed without positioning HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes TNC 2500B Stopping program run G38 Display M02 M30 MOO M06 Dwell time Programmable stop G38 Dwell time GO4 Pr
46. compensations remain valid Example T12 S500 Initiate the dialog TOOL NUMBER Enter the tool number Enter the spindle axis e g G17 Enter the spindle speed in rom Conclude the block HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes TNC 2500B Tool change position Workpiece related change position W Machine related change position Manual tool change Automatic tool change HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes TNC 2500B j z Tools Tool change To change the tool the main spindle must be stopped and the tool retracted in the spindle axis We recommend programming an additional block in which the axes of the machining plane are like wise backed off The tool moves to a workpiece related position if no additional measures are taken Example G00 Z 100 M06 The tool is driven 100 mm over the work surface if the tool length is O or TO was programmed TO reduces the distance to the workpiece danger of collision if a positive length compensation was effective prior to TOOL CALL 0 You can use M91 M92 or a PLC positioning to traverse to a machine related too change position Example G00 Z 100 M92 see Predetermined M Functions Machine referenced coordinates M91 M92 The program must be stopped for a manual tool change Therefore enter a program STOP before the tool call T block M6 has this stop effect when the control is set accordingly via machine param
47. cycle sequence for rough out and pilot milling Joining compensated or uncompensated contours Rough out and pilot milling to pocket depth or for every infeed Overlap factor for pocket milling Output of M functions Programmed stop at MO6 Outout of M89 modal cycle call Constant path speed at corners Display mode for rotary axis Parameter no 7420 Bit 7410 QO gt 3 axes 1 gt in the machining plane 0 gt Pilot milling of contour for pockets counterclockwise for islands clockwise 1 gt Pilot milling of contour for pockets clockwise for islands counterclockwise Q gt First mill a channel around the contour then rough out the pocket 2 gt First rough out the pocket then mill a channel around the contour O gt Joining compensated contours 4 gt Joining uncompensated contours O gt Rough out and pilot milling are performed continuously over all infeeds 8 gt Pilot milling and then rough out are performed for every infeed depending on bit 1 prior to the next infeed 0 1 to 1 414 Q gt Programmed stop at MOG 1 gt No programmed stop at MOG 0 gt No cycle call normal output of M89 at start of block 2 gt Modal cycle call at end of block O to 179 999 7470 00 t0 359 999 1 gt 30 000 000 General Information Input values Page A1
48. devices Then proceed as follows Determine the common settings data format baud rate The peripheral device is usually set via internal switches Determine the pin layout for the data transfer cable and wire the cable Plug in the data transfer cable Plug in the power cord of the peripheral device Switch on power e Start the transfer software from the computer if required Select the transfer menu on the TNC with the EXT key and start the desired transfer l HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes TNC 2500B External Data Transfer Machine parameters The following settings are only effective when operating the data interface in the EXT operating mode To select the machine parameters see index A General Information MOD Functions User parameters Function Input values ETX or any ASCII character Character for end of program STX or any ASCII character Character for start of program MP 5010 Control characters for blockwise transfer H or any ASCII character It is sent in the command block for data input prior to the program number E or any ASCII character It is sent in the command block for data input after the program number H or any ASCII character It is sent in the command block for data output prior to the program number A or any ASCII character It is sent in the command block for data output after the program number
49. ed Incremental Incremental dimensions in a part program always chain refer to the immediately preceding nominal dimensions position Incremental dimensions are indicated by the letter I The machine is to be moved by a certain dis tance It moves from the previous position along a distance given by the incremental nominal coordinate values Example G00 G91 X 10 Y 10 Mixing absolute It is possible to mix absolute and incremental and incremental coordinates within the same program block dimensions Example G00 G91 X 10 G90 Y 30 Polar Positions on the workpiece can also be pro coordinates grammed by entering the radius and the direction angle referenced to a pole see index Program ming Modes Polar coordinates J Pole R Polar radius distance from pole H Polar angle direction angle HEIDENHAIN General Information Page TNC 2500B a A17 Linear and Angle Encoders P od a a Linear and Each machine axis requires a measuring system to provide the control with information on the actual angle position linear encoders for linear axes angle encoders for rotary axes encoders in machine ook Grating period Light source Condenser lens DIADUR glass scale i ig ii lt lt iil ut Reference mark Scale grating Scanning reticle with index gratings Principle of photoelectric scanning of fine gratings p ka al w LS 101C LS 107C RON 706C RO
50. finishing Gb8 G59 The cycle Cycle G58 G59 contour milling is used for finishing the contour pocket The cycle can also be generally used to mill con tours made up of subcontours This offers the following benefits contour intersections are computed collisions are avoided Tool required The cycle requires a center cutting tool The cycle must be called The setup clearance A milling depth B and pecking depth C are identical to pecking The signs must be the same normally negative Input data Feed rate for pecking tool traversing speed at infeed F Rotating direction for contour milling milling direction along the pocket contour island con tours opposite milling direction For the following directions M3 means G58 down cut milling for pocket and island G59 up cut milling for pocket and island Feed rate F2 tool traversing speed in the machining plane The tool must be at the setup clearance A prior to the cycle call Process The tool is automatically positioned over the first contour point Beware of collisions with clamping devices The tool then penetrates the workpiece at the programmed feed rate to the first pecking depth After reaching the first pecking depth the tool mills the first contour at the programmed feed rate in the specified rotating direction At the infeed point the tool is advanced to the next pecking depth The procedure is repeated
51. highlighted field on a word with M MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M Call blocks with the desired address M Page ere ne a HEIDENHAIN P4 g ing TNC 2500B Programming in ISO Clearing deleting functions Clear The dialog for clearing a program is initiated with the CL PGM key program Initiate the dialog ERASE ENT END NOENT Program is to be cleared Program is not to be cleared Delete block The current block in a program is deleted with DEL U a The block to be deleted is selected with GOTO O or a cursor key Program blocks can only be deleted in the PROGRAMMING AND EDITING operating mode After deletion the block with the next lower sequence number appears in the current program line The following sequence numbers are corrected automatically The current program block ts to be deleted Delete program To delete program sections call the last block of the program section section Then continue pressing DEL O until all blocks in the definition or program section are deleted Clear entry You can clear numerical inputs with the CE key A zero appears in the highlighted field after error message pressing the CE key Non blinking error messages can also be cleared with the CE key An entered value and the address are completely cleared with NO ENT MEIDENTIAIN Programming Modes Page TNC 2500B 9 g P5 Program Selection Opening
52. incremental angles must be selected for high surface quality but they require correspondingly long machining times Tool required A spherical cutter is used for finishing 7816 G71 Assigning N10 DOO Q01 P01 10 Starting 3D angle values N20 D00 Q02 P01 55 End 3D angle N30 D00 Q03 P0O1 1 3D incremental angle N40 D00 Q04 P01 40 Sphere radius N50 DOO Q05 POI 45 Setup clearance in Z N60 D00 Q06 P01 90 Starting plane angle N70 DOO Q07 P01 90 End plane angle N80 D00 Q08 P01 50 X sphere center N90 D00 Q09 P01 50 Y sphere center N100 D00 Q10 P01 40 Z sphere center N110 DOO Q11 P01 100 Downfeed rate N120 D00 Q12 P01 500 Milling feed rate Blank N130 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 50 N140 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 Tool N150 G99 T1 L 0 R 5 N160 T0 G17 Change N170 G00 G90 Z 100 M06 Start position N180 T1 G17 S800 Subprogram call N190 L2 0 N200 G00 Z 100 M02 Roughing If roughing is required an end mill can be used with a correspondingly larger sphere radius 04 HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Page Programming Modes P 117 Setting the starting values Starting position Program loop End Position computations Computation values Cycle sphere Parametric Programming Example Sphere N210 G98 L2 N220 G54 X Q8 Y Q9 Z Q10 N230 1 0 J 0 N240 D00 Q20 P01 Q1 N250 D01 Q31 P01 04 P02 Q108 N260 L3 0 N270 G10 G40 R Q17 H Q6 M03 N280 G00 Z Q5
53. panur with R MLE No tool compensation RO P15 Tool path compensation left of contour RL Tool path compensation right of contour RR Paraxial compensation extension R P17 Paraxial compensation reduction R Program protection at start of program Blank workpiece definition for graphics min point Blank workpiece definition for graphics max point Dimensions Absolute dimensions Incremental dimensions Set label number HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Tool definition Next tool number when using central tool memory Touch probe function P 119 Dimensions specified tn inches at start of program P6 Dimensions specified in millimeters at start of program Programming Modes M Functions Miscellaneous functions with predetermined function Function Effective Begin of End of block block om Stop program run stop spindie coolant off PT eo 02 Stop program run stop spindle coolant off P 21 or clear the status display return jump to block 1 Spindle on clockwise 8 a Spindle on counterclockwise Ld Spindle stop K Tool change or stop program run stop spindle Coolant on Spindle on counterclockwise coolant on like M02 Vacant miscellaneous function or Cycle call modal depends on machine parameters Constant path speed on inside corners and uncompensated corners 91 In the positioning block Coordinates refer to the machine datum
54. polar coordinates than in Cartesian coordinates because calculations are avoided Range for Input range for linear interpolation absolute or incremental 360 to 360 polar angle H H positive counterclockwise angle H negative clockwise angle Example Milling an inside contour Program G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 G31 G90 X 100 Z 0 G99 T2 L 0 R 2 T2 G17 S200 I 50 J 60 Set POLE G01 G40 G90 X 15 Approach starting point externally Cartesian coordi nates Z 5 F100 Plunge G11 G42 R 40 Approach 1 contour H 180 F200 point with compensa l tion polar coordinates G91 H 60 2 cortour point H 60 H 60 Last contour point G40 G90 X 85 Y 50 Depart from contour cancel compensation G00 Z 50 M02 x Retract return jump to beginning of program The pole can also be programmed in the block with G11 HEIDENHAIN eee ee Page TNC 2500B ogra ARS P 43 Polar Coordinates Circular arcs G10 G11 Circular arc If the target point on the arc is programmed in G12 G13 polar coordinates you only have to enter the polar angle H to define the endpoint The radius is defined by the distance from the starting point of the arc to the programmed circle center I J K When programming a circle in polar coordinates the angle H can be entered positively or negati vely The angle H determines the endpoint of the arc If the angle H ts entered incrementally the sign of the angle and
55. positioning blocks you need only compensation enter whether the tool path is shortened or lengthened by the tool radius G43 lengthens the tool path G44 shortens the tool path lf a G43 G44 radius compensation is also entered for the angular positioning of the spindle axis it will be ignored Nor is a tool radius compensation effective for a fourth axis when used for a rotary table Nominal position Page HEIDENHAIN M 18 Machine Operating Modes TNC 2500B Program run single block Selecting the program Starting the run Program run full sequence Selecting the program Starting the run Feed rate Spindle speed Program Run single block Full sequence Stored programs are executed in the operating modes Program run single block and Program run full sequence The workpiece datum must be set before machining the work see Datum setting with without probe system In this operating mode the control executes the part program block by block The program must be restarted after every block Program run single block is best used for program test and for the first program run Operating mode Single block select the program or if the program was already selected select block Q0 The first program block is shown in the current 0 BEGIN PGM 7225 line of the program Each program block must be started with the machin
56. system For workpiece setup the 3D touch probe systems from HEIDENHAIN in association with TNC soft ware offer considerable benefits One is that the workpiece does not have to be aligned precisely to the machine axes The TNC will determine and compensate misalignment automatically basic rotation Another important benefit of the 3D touch probe systems Is significantly faster and more accurate datum setting The touch probe functions described below can also be employed in the electronic handwheel operating mode Pressing the TOUCH PROBE key calls the menu shown here to the right The probing function is selected with the cursor keys and entered with the ENT key The effective length of the probe and the effec tive radius of the probing ball must be calibrated once before beginning touch probe work Both dimensions are determined by CALIBRATION routines and stored in the control The probing functions can be terminated at any time with END U The probe head traverses to the side or upper Surface of the work The feed rate during meas urement and the maximum measuring distance are set by the machine manufacturer via machine parameters The touch probe system signals contact with the workpiece to the control The control stores the coordinates of the contacted points The probing axis is stopped and retracted to the starting point Overrun caused by braking does not affect the measured result
57. the Programming and editing operating mode This feature can be used with Q parameter program ming to execute measurements before during TS 120 and after machining a piece see index Program ming and Editing Programmable probing func tion and Parameter programming HEIDENHAIN offers touch probes in various ver sions There are different clamping shafts to affix the probe head in the spindle like a tool The stylus is replaceable Standard versions are TS 120 Touch Probe System 120 with cable connection and interface electronics incorporated into probe TS 511 Touch Probe System 511 with infrared transmission separate interface electronics and transmitter recetver unit This probe head has a transmitter and receiver window for the triggering signal on one side and another transmitter window offset by 180 The side with the transmitter and receiver window must be pointed towards the transmitter receiver unit during measurement a o A p Certain preparatory measures are required by the machine tool manufacturer for the connection of a touch probe system re Page HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B General Information _ FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit Specifications Handwheel HR 130 HR 330 HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Accessories FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit HR 130 HR 330 Electronic Handwheels Part programs which do not have to reside per manently in the control memory can be
58. the machine START button even when no program block is dis played To avoid unnecessary interruptions of the program run you should already have a number of stored pro gram blocks as a buffer before starting Therefore it is advantageous to wait until the available memory is full After starting the executed blocks are discarded and further blocks are continuously called from the external storage device Skipping over If in Blockwise transfer operation you press the GOTO LI key before starting and enter a sequence program blocks number all blocks preceding this number will be ignored HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 2500B Machine Operating Modes M23 Notes oe Page _ Machine Operating Modes COOR Programming Modes P Programming in ISO Program Selection Tool Definition Cutter Path Compensation Tools Feed rate F Spindle Speed S Miscellaneous Function M Programmable STOP Dwell Time Path Movements Linear Movement _ Cartesian Circular Movement Cartesian HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B
59. 0 P03 1 N200 G98 L2 N210 G00 G40 Z 50 M02 N9999 37 G71 Blank form definition Define and call tool Center in X Center in Y Bolt circle radius Number of bore holes Select and load drilling cycle Set starting angle Compute angle increment Approach setup clearance and switch on spindle Tbore Start of loop Angle increment Further bores If not all holes are drilled jump to the start of the loop TEIDENTIAT Programming Modes Page TNC 2500B g g P 13 Parametric Programming Example Drilling with chip breaking Example Interruptable drilling procedure with automatic approach to the setup clearance and raising of the tool to break the chip for longer tool life Main program Subprogram 1 Drilling procedure Page P 114 7445 G71 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 D00 Q01 POI 1 D00 Q02 P01 40 D00 Q03 P01 5 D00 Q04 P0O1 0 5 D00 Q05 P01 200 D00 Q06 P01 0 G99 T1 L 0 R 2 5 T1 G17 S200 Setup clearance incremental Depth incremental Infeed incremental Dwell time Drilling feed rate Work surface absolute Define tool Call tool spindle speed G00 G90 X 20 Y 50 M03 L1 0 G00 Z 300 M02 G98 LI D01 Q21 P01 Q6 P02 Q1 D00 Q23 P01 Q6 D01 Q24 P01 Q6 P02 Q2 G00 Z Q21 G98 L10 D01 Q23 P0 Q23 P02 Q3 D01 Q22 P01 Q23 P02 Q1 D12 POL Q23 P02 Q24 P03 99
60. 0 Y 30 Z 0 M3 Re entry at tool calls is especially easy if you enter a main block complete positioning block after a tool call The G function for positioning in rapid traverse GOO or G10 is modal Beware of collision during tool downfeed i HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 2500B Programming Modes P 25 Linear Movement Cartesian Drilling G01 Absolute Cartesian coordinates 1 xX 20 30 Z 2 G01 X 20 Y 30 Z 2 ph N l x 2 Only incremental entry SASONS G01 G91 X 20 Mi The position for X is entered in incremental ixed 7 antties dimensions for Y in absolute dimensions G01 G91 X 20 G90 Y 30 Example The following is an example of a program for drilling without cycles drilling Program 10 G71 N10 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 Blank form definition only if graphic workpiece N20 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 simulation desired N30 G99 T1 L 0 R 5 Tool definition N40 T1 G17 S2400 x i Tool call N50 G00 G90 Z 200 M6 Retract in Z tool change N60 G40 X 20 Y 30 M3 Positioning to 1 hole in X Y rapid traverse switch on spindle N70 Z 2 Pilot positioning in Z N80 G01 Z 10 F80 Drilling at programmed feed rate N90 Z4 2 F1000 Retract in Z N100 G00 X 50 Y 70 Positioning to 2 hole in X Y N110 G01 Z 10 F80 Drilling at programmed feed rate N120 Z 2 F1000 Retract in Z N130 G00 X 75 Y 30 Positioning to 3 hole in X Y N140 G01 Z 10 F80 Drilling at programmed feed rate N150 G00
61. 2 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 T2 13 Function Allocation Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Root Sine Cosine Root sum of squares c Va b if equal jump to label number If not equal jump to label number If greater jump to label number lf less jump to label number Angle from c sin a and c cos a G Function Linear interpolation Cartesian in rapid traverse Linear interpolation Cartesian Circular interpolation Cartesian clockwise CVV Circular interpolation Cartesian counterclockwise CCW Circular interpolation Cartesian without direction data Circular interpolation Cartesian tangential Single axis positioning block Linear interpolation polar in rapid traverse Linear interpolation polar Circular interpolation polar CW Circular interpolation polar CCW Circular interpolation polar without direction data Circular interpolation polar tangential contour approach Dwell Mirror image Definition of contour cycle Designates program for call up via G79 Datum shift Pilot drill with G37 Rough out with G37 Contour mill CW with G37 Contour mill CCW with G37 Scaling factor Co ordinate system plane rotation Slot milling Rectangular pocket milling CW Rectangular pocket milling CCW Circular pocket milling CW Circular pocket milling CCW Pecking Tapping 79 Cycle call XY plane designation Tool axis Z ZX plane designation Tool axis Y
62. 20 HEX and therefore not a control character HEX Hexadecimal Example Standard data format 7 data bits ASCII code with 7 bits even parity of value Transfer stop due to DC3 1 stop bit ee ae cay Ts 3 2 1 Seance oi wel ef we ef ts meroon o 1 of 0 o a After adding the significances you obtain the input value for machine parameter 5020 In our example 168 MP 5030 Operating mode data interface RS 232 C Operating This parameter determines the function of the data interface mode of the O amp standard data interface normally for printer reader punch interface 1 amp blockwise transfer normally for computer link Page f HEIDENHAIN P 136 Programming Modes TNC 2500B MIP 5010 Control characters for blockwise transfer Determining bit significance MP 5010 0 HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B External Data Transfer Machine parameters The following settings are only effective when operating the data interface in the EXT operating mode To select the machine parameters see index A General Information MOD Functions User parameters MP Bit Function Input values 5010 0 Weil ETX or any ASCII character Character for end of program ETX and 8 15 STX or any ASCII character Character for start of program STX 515 5010 1 6 eee H or any ASCII character It is sent in the command block H and E for data input prior to the progra
63. 3 Hardware Page A 14 User Parameters Function Feed rate and spindle override Feed rate override if rapid traverse key is pressed in operating mode Program run Feed rate override in 2 increments or 1 increments Feed rate override if rapid traverse key and external direction buttons are pressed Handwheel General Information Parameter no 0O Override inactive 1 gt Override active 0 2 increments 2 gt 1 increments Q gt Override inactive 4 gt Override active Input values O Machine with electronic handwheel 1 Machine without electronic handwheel HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Coordinates The coordinate system In a part program the nominal positions of the tool or of the tool cutting edge are defined in relation to the workpiece encoders on the machine axes continuously deliver the signals needed by the control for determining the current actual position A reference system is always required for determining position In the present case such a system must be workpiece based Cartesian The reference system normally used is the rec coordinates tangular or Cartesian coordinate system coordinates are those values which define a unique point in a reference system The system consists of three coordinate axes perpendicular to each other and lying parallel to the machine axes which intersect each other at the so cal
64. 80 POS Y 80 P06 X 10 P07 100 N90 X 20 Y 14 M99 N100 Z 50 M2 N9999 5501 G71 Programming Modes Definition of the horizontal slot Setup clearance Milling depth Pecking depth Feed rate for pecking Length of slot and first milling direction Slot width Feed rate Approach starting position without compensa tion taking the tool radius into account in the longitudinal direction of the slot spindle on Pre positioning in Z cycle call Definition of the vertical slot Setup clearance Milling depth Pecking depth Feed rate for pecking Slot length and first milling direction Slot width Feed rate Approach starting position cycle call Retract in tool axis end of program HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Fixed Cycles Rectangular pocket milling G75 G76 The cycle The rectangular pocket milling cycle is a roughing i cycle Tool required The cycle requires a center cut end mill lt ISO 1641 or pilot drilling at the pocket center The tool determines the radius at the pocket corners There is no circular movement in the 2 pocket corners Position The pocket sides are parallel to the coordinate system axes the coordinate system may have to be rotated see G73 Rotating the coordinate system p Input data Setup clearance A distance between tool tip starting position and workpiece surface p Milling depth B pocket depth distance between workpiece surface and bottom of
65. A Gen eral Information User parameters the sequence number will be generated automatically eliminat ing the need to enter each sequence number by hand N7 G00 G40 Z 20 M03 N8 X 12 Y 60 N9 G01 G42 X 20 Y 60 F40 N10 G 26 RS F20 N11 X 50 Y 20 F40 N12 I 10 J 80 N13 G03 X 70 Y 51 715 The numerical sequence of block numbering has no effect on program execution It is possible for example to insert a higher sequence number between two lines Block Each block in a program corresponds to one work step for example N20 G01 G40 X 20 Y 30 Z 50 F1000 M03 Word Each block is composed of words e g X 20 Address A word is composed of an address letter e g X and a value e g 20 values The abbreviations in the above block have the following meanings N line number X Y Z coordinates G01 linear interpolation Cartesian F feed rate G40 no tool radius compensation M miscellaneous functions Block format Positioning blocks can contain e 83 G functions from various groups and also G90 G91 in front of each coordinate 3 coordinates and also 2 circle centers or pole coordinates 1 feed rate F e 1 M function 1 spindle speed S 1 tool number Fixed cycles can contain e Cycle parameter P all files for the cycle definition e 1 M function 1 spindle speed S 1 tool number 1 positioning block see above feed rate F Cycle call Note It is possible to co
66. A General Information MOD functions Programming and editing Once the control has been switched from conver sational to ISO programming the functions of the keys correspond to the snap on keyboard The control STOP key is covered by the D key In ISO programming the DEL key assumes the function of the STOP key ISO programming is partly dialog guided The in dividual commands words except for the dimensional data G90 G91 can be entered in any sequence within a block The commands are then sorted after the block has been concluded At the beginning of an ISO program the control requires information on The working plane G17 G18 G19 Programming of absolute incremental dimen sions G90 G91 Radius compensation G40 G41 G42 The first positioning block should look like this G00 G90 G40 G17 Z 200 Program start and specification of blank Define and call a tool move to the tool change position Move to the workpiece contour machine the workpiece contour depart from the workpiece contour SIL LI Ba Wis UL LW HEIDENHAIN SERRE ee en Page TNC 2500B rog Ing e P1 Programming in ISO Sequence number Block format Sequence The sequence number identifies the program number block in a part program If a sequence number increment between 1 and 255 is set in the machine parameter MP 7220 see index
67. A Place the highlighted field on the desired program number Enter the program number Example display 0 231 G71 1 N10 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 2 N20 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 Page eee ia HEIDENHAIN P6 ma SAVNA TNC 2500B Program Selection Erase edit protection GbO Edit After creating a program you can designate It as erase and edit protected A Protected programs can be executed and viewed but not changed A protected program can only be erased or changed if the erase edit protection is removed beforehand This is done by selecting the program and entering the code number 86357 Activating edit Initiate the dialog protection PROGRAM NUMBER Enter the number of the program to be protected confirm entry 7210 G71 G Press the key until the dialog query PGM protection appears PGM PROTECTION _ Protect the program aa Erase edit protection is programmed 0 ie C DoTaN G50 appears at the end of the line Removing edit Initiate the dialog protection PROGRAM NUMBER i E Enter the number of the program i whose edit protection is to be removed 7210 G71 G50 Select the auxiliary operating mode Select the MOD function VACANT MEMORY 148330 BYTE Code number Code number 86357 CODE NUMBER J Enter code number 86357 aes Erase edit protection is removed 0 ae Pelee en B7 G50 is deleted
68. Background programming The control permits the execution of a program in the program run full sequence mode at the same time as another program is being edited graphically tested or transferred via RS 232 C V 24 or RS 422 V 11 interface in the programming and editing mode This parallel operation is especially useful for transferring data or making small program changes while running long programs which require little attention from the operator A program cannot be run and edited at the same time Operating mode Initiate the dialog PROGRAM NUMBER Select part program Start machining Operating mode Select and edit the program or transfer a program via the RS 232 C V 24 data interface The screen is divided into two halves during parallel operation The program to be edited is shown in the upper half The program currently in process appears in the lower half program number current block number and current status are displayed Operating mode Parallel operating is terminated by pressing the Program run full sequence key HEIDENHAIN Machine Operating Modes TNC 2500B Program Run Blockwise transfer drip feed Execution from In the Program run full sequence or Single external storage block operating mode part programs can be FE 401 transferred blockwise from a remote computer a storage medium or a HEIDENHAIN FE un
69. D 250C With linear axes position measurement is generally based on either a photoelectrically scanned steel or glass scale or e the high precision ballscrew which also functions as the moving element the electrical signals are D then produced by a rotary encoder coupled to the ballscrew With rotary axes a graduated disk permanently attached to the axis is photoelectrically scanned The a TNC forms the position value by counting the generated impulses Page General Information UROEN N A 18 TNC 2500B Datum Reference marks HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Linear and Angle Encoders Linear and angle encoders are machine based The datum for determination of the nominal and actual position must correspond to the workpiece datum or be brought into correspondence by setting the correct position value the position value determined by the workpiece datum in any axis position This procedure is called datum setting or datum presetting After the control has been switched off or after a power interruption it is necessary to set the datum again lo simplify this task the encoders possess reference marks which in a sense also represent datum points The relationship between axis positions and position values which were established by the last setting of the workpiece datum datum setting are automatically retrieved by traversing over the reference marks after switch on This also re establishes the machine based referen
70. Data Process Once the tool has reached the total hole depth the direction of spindle rotation is reversed within a time period set by machine parameters At the end of the programmed dwell time the tool is retracted to the starting position The spindle direction is reversed again in the retracted position Input Same as for Pecking Example Tap an M6 hole with 0 75 mm pitch at 100 rpm G99 T1 L 0 R3 Tool definition T1 G17 S100 and call G84 P01 3 Setup clearance P02 20 Thread depth P03 0 4 Dwell time P04 75 Feed rate G00 G40 X 50 Y 20 M03 Pilot positioning spindle right Z 3 M99 Cycle call Page ae HEIDENHAIN P70 Programming Modes TNC 2500B Fixed Cycles Slot milling G74 The cycle The slot milling cycle is a combined roughing finishing cycle The slot is parallel to one axis of the current coor dinate system rotation with cycle G73 if desired 7 Tool required The cycle requires a center cut end mill al f ISO 1641 The cutter diameter must be slightly smaller than the slot width input data Setup clearance A distance between tool tip starting position and workpiece surface Milling depth B slot depth distance between work surface and bottom of slot Pecking depth C penetrating distance of the tool into the workpiece The signs for setup clearance milling depth and pecking depth are all the same usually negative Feed rate for pecking
71. ETE This error message is displayed if a fixed cycle is called after defining a transformation but no fixed cycle was defined Otherwise the control executes the fixed cycle which was last defined PEIRENNAIN Programming Modes Page TNC 2500B g g P 93 Coordinate Transformations Datum shift G54 The cycle You can program a datum shift also known as zero offset to any point within a program The manually set absolute workpiece datum remains unchanged Thus identical machining steps e g subpro grams can be executed at different positions on the workpiece without having to reenter the pro gram section each time Combining with If a datum shift is to be combined with other other coordinate transformations the shift usually has to be made transformations before the other transformations In this way you can execute a program section at several locations and in modified form such as rotated reduced or mirrored Effect For a datum shift definition only the coordinates of the new datum are to be entered An active datum shift ts displayed in the status field All coordinate inputs then refer to the new datum incremental In the cycle definition the coordinates can be absolute entered as absolute or incremental dimensions Absolute The coordinates of the new datum refer to the manually set workpiece datum Refer to the center figure Incremental The coordinates of the new datum refer to
72. G76 The maximum stepover is k The process is repeated until the programmed milling depth is reached On completion the tool is withdrawn to the start ing position Stepover Stepover k is computed by the control according to the following formula k FxcR k stepover F the overlap factor specified by the machine manufacturer depends upon a machine para meter see index A General Information MOD Functions User parameters R cutter radius Example G99 T1 L 0 RS T1 G17 5200 G76 P01 2 Setup clearance P02 30 Milling depth P03 10 Pecking depth P04 80 Feed rate for pecking POS X 80 P06 X 40 1 side length of the pocket P07 100 2 side length of the pocket Feed rate G00 G40 X 45 Y 35 M3 Pre positioning in X Y spindle on Z 2 M99 Pilot positioning in Z cycle call Page ee ee re HEIDENHAIN P74 g Ing TNC 2500B Fixed Cycles Circular pocket milling G77 G78 The cycle The circular pocket milling cycle is a roughing cycle Tool required The cycle requires a center cut end mill ISO 1641 or pilot drilling at the pocket center S Input data Setup clearance A distance between tool tip starting position and workpiece surface Milling depth B pocket depth distance be tween workpiece surface and bottom of pocket Pecking depth C amount by which the tool penetrates the workpiece The signs for setup clearance milling depth and pecking depth are
73. General Information A Introduction 1 Brief description of TNC 2500B 3 Machine operating modes 4 Programming modes D Accessories 3D Touch Probe Systems 6 FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit 7 HR 130 HR 330 Electronic Handwheels 7 MOD Functions 8 Position displays 9 Traverse range limits 19 User parameters 11 Coordinates The coordinate system ee Datum 16 Absolute and incremental coordinates 17 Linear and Angle Encoders 18 Cutting Data Feed rate diagram 20 Spindle speed diagram 21 Feed rate diagram for tapping 22 HEIDENHAIN General Information TNC 2500B EA ANRA AKESE General Information Description Conversational or ISO programming Compatibility Structure of manual Symbols for keys Typeface for screen displays Introduction The TNC 2500B from HEIDENHAIN ts a shop floor programmable contouring control with up to 4 axes for milling and boring machines as well as for machining centers It is conceived for the man at the machine featuring conversational programming and excellent graphic simulation of workpiece machin ing Its background programming feature permits a new program to be created or a program located in memory to be edited while another program is being executed Besides fixed cycles coordinate trans formations and parametric programming the control also includes functions for 3D touch probes Programs can be output to peripheral devices and read into th
74. H 15 HEIDENHAIN p Page TNC 2500B Programming Modes P 41 Polar Coordinates Pole J K a Before entering polar coordinates the pole has to be defined with J K The pole can be defined at any point in the program before the first applica tion of polar coordinates The pole is programmed in Cartesian coordinates either as absolute or incremental dimensions Pole in absolute dimensions The pole is refe renced to the workpiece datum Pole in incremental dimensions The pole is referenced to the last programmed nominal posi tion of the tool The coordinates of the pole are determined by the working plane Working plane Polar coordinates Example 1 60 J 30 Transferring the pole G29 The last programmed position is transferred as the pole with G29 Directly transferring the pole in this manner is especially well suited for polygon shapes see illustration at right Example G01 X 26 Y 30 l G29 POLE 1 G11 R 17 H 45 G29 POLE 2 G11 R 18 G91 H 35 Modal A pole definition remains valid in a program until effect it is overwritten with another definition The same pole therefore need not be programmed repeat edly Page Sr iiad HEIDENHAIN P42 SrA gt TNC 2500B es P Polar Coordinates Straight lines G10 G11 G10 G11 For dimensions which are referenced to a rotational axis in some way programming is usually easier in
75. HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes _ Page TNC 2500B g g P7 Test graphics Blank Minimum point Maximum point Graphic display Tool form Page P8 Program Selection Defining the workpiece blank G30 G31 A blank form definition must be programmed before the machining program can be simulated graphically For the graphic displays the blank dimensions of the workpiece must be entered at the start of program via G30 G31 The blank form must always be programmed as a cuboid aligned with the machine axes Maximum dimensions 14000 x 14000 x 14000 mm The cuboid is defined with the minimum point MIN and maximum point MAX points with minimum and maximum coordinates MIN can only be entered in absolute dimensions MAX may also be incremental The blank data are stored in the associated machining program and are available after program call Machining can be simulated in the three main axes with a fixed tool axis The graphic simulation depicts the results of machining with a cylindrical tool The graphic must be interpreted accordingly when using form tools Programming Modes HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Example Note Entering the cuboid corner points MIN MAX Example display Error messages Program Selection Defining the workpiece blank G30 G31 The blank form is aligned with the main axes The MIN point has the coordinates XO YO a
76. N160 G98 L2 N170 G01 G41 X 40 Y 50 N180 65 J 50 N190 G03 X 40 Y 50 N200 G98 LO Only the area covered commonly by A and B remains unmachined A and B must be islands A must begin inside of B N110 G98 LI N120 G42 X 60 Y 50 N130 35 J 50 N140 G03 X 60 Y 50 N150 G98 LO N160 G98 L2 N170 G01 G42 X 90 Y 50 N180 I 65 J 50 N190 G03 X 90 Y 50 N200 G98 LO An island always requires an additional outer limit pocket here G98 L5 A pocket can also reduce several island areas This pocket must begin inside the first island The Starting points of the remaining intersected island contours must be outside the pocket Programming Modes HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B SL Cycles Overlapping pockets and islands Task Overlapping pockets with islands Island within a pocket Interior machining of overlapping pockets and islands with a center cut end mill ISO 1641 tool radius 3 mm Islands are located within a pocket area Main program 7209 G71 7209 N10 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 N20 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100
77. NC 2500B wt i External Data Transfer Connecting cable Pin assignment for RS 232 C ae FE Cable adapter evices haoa fo Transmission cable RS 232 C on the machine one Length 3 m 10 ft Cable adapter length max 17 m 55 ft a g a sa r SS saoa gt Id Nr 242869 Id Nr Id Nr 239760 an 23975801 ME 25 pole flange socket E LE 2500 X25 HEIDENHAIN standard cable 1 1 1 1 1 GND chassis aN Ie 2 2 AXD BiM _ 3 3 3 3 3 TXD shanseir aj 4 4 4 4 CTS Raio 5 5 5 5 5 RTS f6SEND K 6 6 6 6 6 DTR DATA TERMINAL 7 7 7 7 7 GND sianat _ 8 8 8 8 8 20 O 2 0 2 DSR RATA SET wl The RS 232 C data interface has a different pin layout at the LE and at the adapter block Non HEIDENHAIN devices Cable for RS 232 C non HEIDENHAIN adapter Cable adapter devices block at the machine 2500 X25 i O B g o flange socket _ Recommended 1 1 GND chassis pin layout 2 2 TXD TRANSMIT DATA for non 3 3 RXD receive DATA HEIDENHAIN 4 4 RTS Request To SEND devices 5 5 CTS CLEAR TO SEND 6 6 DSR pata SET READY 7 7 GND sicnat 8 8 20 20 DTR DATA TERMINAL READY RS 232 C data transfer with DC1 DC3 protocol HEIDENHAIN a de Page TNC 2500B Ogramamng P 131 External Data Transfer Perioheral devices Adaptation The control interface must be set for the specific device which is to be connected HEIDENHAIN HEIDENRFAIN
78. NT Terminate block entry Clear entry G Delete block Contents General Information Introduction Al MOD Functions A8 Coordinates ATS Linear and Angle Encoders A18 Cutting Data A20 Machine Operating Modes Switch On M1 Manual Operation M2 3D Touch Probe M3 Datum Setting M13 Electronic Handwheel Incremental Jog M15 Positioning with Manual Data Input M17 Program Run M19 Programming Modes Programming in ISO P1 Program Selection P6 Tool Definition P10 Cutter Path Compensation PIO Tools PIG Feed Rate F Spindle Speed S Miscellaneous Functions M P20 Programmable Stop Dwell Time R2 Path Movements P22 Linear Movement Cartesian E29 Circular Movement Cartesian P30 Polar Coordinates P41 Contour Approach and Departure P48 Predetermined M Functions Pol Program Jumps POO Program Calls P64 Standard Cycles P65 Coordinate Transformations P93 Other Cycles P102 Parametric Programming P105 Programmed Probing P120 Teach In P123 Test Run p25 Graphic Simulation P126 External Data Transfer P129 Address Letters in ISO Pio Manufacturer s Certificate This device is noise suppressed in accordance with the Federal German regulations 1046 1984 The Federal German postal authorities have been notified of the market introduction of this unit and have been granted permission to test the senes for compliance with the regulations If the user incorporates the device into a larger system then the entire system must comply with said regulations
79. October 92 ser Manual ISO Programming NC 2500B ontouring Control D LUO t JEJ TOLK PLL GRAPHICS BLK FORM MAGN START 2 HEIDENHAIN Bridgeport HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500 screen displays PROGRAM RUN FULL SEQUENCE 7410 Gri x N1i G99 Ti L Rte x N20 T1 Gi S16 Q x N25 GOO G40 G90 X 140 Y t10B0 Ms N30 G54 X 100 Y 20 x N40 G28 X NSO I 100 J 0 N60 G73 G90 H 315 ACTL Ek 92 800 Yun i 000 Z 1 560 A 1 868 CC X 0 000 ROT 45 000 Y 20 000 SCL 0 300000 T1 Z S 1808 F M379 Status display Operating mode Error messages dialog line Preceding block Current block Next block Block after next Status display ACTL Type of position display switchable with MOD further displays NOML DIST LAG see index General Information Kiei Y eee z 7 Position coordinates etc k Control in operation display Ea Axis is locked display N Datum shift shown as an index on the shifted axis gt Mirror image shown as an index on the mirrored axis ROT Basic rotation of the coordinate system SCL Scaling GE Circle center or pole Terg Called tool Z Spindle axis S Spindle speed F Feed rate M Spindle status M03 M04 MO5 M13 M14 Guideline for procedure from preliminary operations to workpiece machining Sequence Action Operating mode 1 Select tools 2 Set datum for workpiece machining 3 Determi
80. The machine manufacturer can inform you about the sequence meaning texts etc of any user parameters Only these machine parameters may be changed by the user In no case should the user change any non accessible machine parameters Selection Select the user parameter Continue pressing until the desired USER PARAMETER or dialog appears i 1 Terminate or select further user parameters wit and then terminate HEIDENHAIN f Page TNC 2500B General Information All User Parameters After entering the code number 123 via MOD the following machine parameters and the parameters for the data interface see index Programming Modes External data transfer can be selected and changed Measuring Function Parameter Input Input with the no values 3D touch probe a Probe system selection 6010 O gt Cable transmission 1 gt Infrared transmission Probe system feed rate for probing 6120 80 to 3000 mm min Probe system measuring distance 6130 O to 30000 000 mm Probe system set up clearance 6140 O to 30000 000 mm over measuring point for automatic measurement Probe system rapid traverse for 6150 80 to 29998 mm min probing Display and Function Parameter Input Input programming no values Programming station 7210 O gt Control 1 gt Programming station PLC active 2 gt Programming station PLC inac
81. The probe head moves in negative Z direction After touching the surface and returning to the starting position the control automatically switches to the Manual operation or Handwheel operating mode The value for effective length can be displayed by selecting Calibration effective length again HEIDENHAIN Machine Operating Modes TNC 2500B 3D Touch Probe Calibrating effective radius Procedure The probe ball is lowered into the bore of the ring gauge 4 points on the wall must be touched to determine the effective radius of the stylus ball The traverse directions are determined by the control e g X X Y Y tool axis Z The probe head is retracted in rapid traverse to the starting position after every deflection The radius R is stored by the control and automa tically compensated during the measurements Initiate the dialog select probing function s and enter CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE RADIUS TOOL AXIS Z a Enter another tool axis if required Select Radius ring gauge Enter the radius of the ring gauge RADIUS RING GAUGE 10 a e g 10 0 mm Traverse approximately to the center of the ring gauge Select the traversing direction of the probe head only necessary If you prefer a certain sequence or the exclusion of one probing direction Probe a total of 4 times After contacting the wall of the ri
82. UARES axes to be halted In this case you have to make a compromise between high surface definition D09 IF EQUAL JUMP many computations small displacements and D10 IF UNEQUAL JUMP efficient machining D11 IF GREATER JUMP D12 IF LESS JUMP D13 ANGLE D14 ERROR CODE Variable The program data shown at the right can be kept B addresses variable by using the Q parameters Nominal positions G01 X Q21 Y Q22 with parameters Enter a Q parameter instead of a specific number Circle data 1 Q1 J Q2 G02 X Q10 Y Q20 Example for variable positioning G06 X Q11 Y Q21 instead of X 20 25 you write X Q21 G25 QI G05 X Q21 Y Q22 R Q62 The parameter value for Q21 must be computed in the program or be defined before it is called Feed rate F Q10 Tool data G99 T1 L Q1 R Q2 TQ5 G17 SQ6 Inch dimensions Programs using parameters as jump address are Conditional jump D11 P01 Q10 not to be switched from mm to inches or vice P02 0 P03 Q30 versa because the contents of the Q parameters are also converted during switchover which Cycle data G83 P01 Q1 would result in false jump addresses P02 Q2 P03 Q3 P04 Q4 P05 QS HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 2500B Programming Modes P 105 Selecting basic functions Defining parameters Starting values Notation Example Page P 106 Parametric Programming selection Basic parameter functions are selected by pressing the D key and entering th
83. W 4 MO9 coolant switched off Ol Parameter 0112 contains the overlap factor for pocket milling see index A General Information MOD Functions User parameters MP 7430 The overlap factor for pocket milling can be useful in milling programs Parameter Q113 specifies whether the NC program at the highest program level for subprogramming with PGM CALL contains mm or inch dimensions The mainprogram contains Parameter mm dimensions 013 0 inch dimensions Gos 1 HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes TNC 2500B Task Assigning values Computation Execution Parametric Programming Example Bolt hole circle A bolt hole circle is to be drilled using the peck ing cycle in the XY plane Example Radius R of the bolt hole circle Q3 35 mm Number n of bore holes Q4 12 X coordinate of the bolt circle center QI 50 mm Y coordinate of the bolt circle center Q2 50 mm 37 G71 N10 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 N20 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 N30 G99 T1 L 0 R 5 N40 T1 G17 S200 N50 DOO Q01 PO1 50 N60 D00 Q02 POI 50 N70 DOO Q03 P01 35 N80 D00 Q04 POI 12 x N90 G83 P01 2 P02 20 P03 5 P04 0 POS 100 N100 D00 Q10 POI 0 N110 D04 Q14 POL 360 P02 Q4 N120 G00 G90 Z 2 M03 N130 I Q1 J Q2 N140 G10 R Q3 H Q10 M99 N150 G98 L1 N160 D01 Q10 POI Q10 P02 Q14 N170 D09 P0O1 Q10 P02 360 P03 2 N180 G10 H Q10 M99 N190 D12 POL Q10 P02 36
84. YZ plane designation Tool axis X FOURTH tool axis Chamfer with R Rounding of corners with R Tangential contour approach run on with R Tangential contour departure run off with R 29 Transfer of last nominal position value as pole Blank form definition for graphics G17 G18 G19 min point Blank form definition for graphics G90 G91 max point 38 Program run STOP No tool compensation RO Tool radius compensation to contour offset left RL Tool radius compensation to contour offset right RR Tool length compensation positive R Tool length compensation negative R Erase Edit protection at program beginning subsequent tool number with central tool memory Touch probe function 70 Dimensioning in inches at program start 71 Dimensioning in millimetres at program start 90 Absolute dimensioning 91 Incremental dimensioning 98 Assign label number 99 Tool definition effective blockwise 00 02 03 04 05 06 08 09 13 14 30 89 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 Function Program run stop spindle stop coclant off Program run stop spindle stop coolant off clear status display Return jump to first program block Spindle on clockwise CVV Spindle on counter clockwise CCW Spindle stop Tool change program run stop spindle stop Coolant on Coolant off Spindle on clockwise coolant on Spindle on counter clockwise
85. Z 0 N30 G99 T2 L 0 R 2 5 N40 G37 PO1 1 P02 2 P03 3 P04 4 List of contour elements N50 G98 L10 N60 TO G17 N70 G00 G40 G90 Z 20 N80 X 20 Y 20 N90 G98 LO N100 M06 N110 T2 S100 N120 G57 P01 2 P02 10 P03 5 P04 500 POS 0 P06 0 P07 500 N130 Z 2 N140 G79 M03 N150 L10 0 N160 G00 Z 20 M02 Program 7209 is an expansion of program 7208 the interior islands are added subprograms 3 and 4 Justia dad Programming Modes Page TNC 2500B g g P 87 SL Cycles Overlapping pockets and islands The entire contour is composed of the elements A and B i e two overlapping pockets and C and D i e two islands within these pockets Contour N170 G98 L1 subprograms N180 G41 X 35 Y 25 for program N190 1 35 J 50 7209 N200 G03 X 35 Y 25 N210 G98 LO N220 G98 L2 N230 G01 G41 X 65 Y 25 N240 65 J 50 N250 G03 X 65 Y 25 N260 G98 LO N270 G98 L3 N280 G01 G42 X 35 Y 42 B Right pocket N290 X 43 N300 Y 58 N310 X 27 N320 Y 42 N330 X 35 N340 G98 LO N350 G98 L4 N360 G01 G42 X 65 Y 42 N370 X 73 N380 X 65 Y 58 N390 X 57 Y 42 N400 X 65 N410 G98 LO N9999 7209 G71 Square island A Left pocket C D Triangular island Execution Machining of the contour edges Area clearance unfinished fig Programming Modes HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B SL Cycles Pi
86. Z 2 M03 Pre positioning G98 L1 Start of the program section repeat G91 X 15 Incremental distance between the bores rapid traverse G01 G90 Z 10 F100 x Absolute drilling depth drilling feed rate G00 Z 2 Absolut retraction height rapid traverse L1 6 Call for repeats Nesting of The main program is executed until the jump to repetitions G98 L17 L17 2 The program section between G98 L17 and L17 2 is repeated twice Hit itl G98 L15 The control then resumes the main program run until the jump to G98 L15 L15 1 G98 L17 Nif MI The program section up to L15 1 is repeated once and the nested program section also two more times Then the program run is continued Ti Mi L172 O Oo 4 WO Oe Oo O yill Hii L15 1 O O O O O O O Page EPE E PE HEIDENHAIN P58 rogr SOES TNC 2500B Jumping Within a Program Subprograms Subprograms If a program section occurs several times in the same program it can be designated as a subpro gram and called whenever required This speeds up programming Start of The start of the subprogram is marked with a N14 L1 0 subprogram label number can be any number N15 G01 X 20 Y 50 N16 L1 0 End of The end of the subprogram is always marked by N17 X 10 Y 80 subprogram label O N18 L1 0 N19 G00 G40 Z 50 M02 The different subprograms are then called in the main program as often as wanted
87. Z 200 M2 Retract in Z N9999 10 G71 End of program Page i HEIDENHAIN P26 Programming Modes TNC 2500B Linear Movement Cartesian Chamfer G24 Chamfer A chamfer can be programmed for contour cor G24 ners formed by the intersection of two straight lines The angle between the two straight lines can be arbitrary Prerequisites A chamfer is completely defined by the points and the chamfer block A positioning block containing both coordinates of the machining plane should be programmed before and after a chamfer block The compensation G40 G41 G42 must be identical before and after the chamfer block A contour cannot be started with a chamfer A chamfer can only be executed in the machining plane The machining plane in the positioning block before and after the chamfer block must therefore be the same The chamfer length must not be too long or too short at inside corners the chamfer must fit between the contour elements and also be machineable with the chosen tool The previously programmed feed rate remains effective for the chamfer Programming Program a chamfer as a separate block Only enter the chamfer length no coordinates The corner point itself is not traversed Entering the chamfer R chamfer length Program block G24 R4 Example 11 G71 N10 G99 T1 L 0 R 10 N20 T1 G17 S200 N30 G01 G41 X 0 Y 50 F300 M03 Position see figure abo
88. a in polar coordinates Circle The circle center J K must be determined center I J K before circular interpolation with GO2 GO3 and may be programmed in one block with the circu lar movement This circle center remains in effect until replaced by a new J K command There are three methods for programming The circle center J K is directly defined by Cartesian coordinates The coordinates last programmed in a J K block define the circle center The current position is taken as circle center with G29 without numerical input This is also possible for positions programmed Working plane Circle center in polar coordinates Circular interpolation coordinates plane The circle center is defined by two coordinates in X Y LJ the working plane Z X K YOZ JK l J K absolute the circle center is based on the work datum J K incremental the circle center is based on the tool position last programmed Programming in the circle center produces no movement Approaching the Approach the starting point for the circular arc before the GO2 G03 block starting point Radius The distance from the starting point to the circle center determines the radius Circular arc The tool is to travel from position to target G02 G03 point in a circular path Only program in the G02 G03 block Position can be entered in Car tesian or polar coordinates Direction The direction of rotation must
89. a program selecting an existing program You open a program and select a stored program by first pressing the PGM NR key program number PROGRAM SELECTION A table with the HEIDENHAIN dialog programs PROGRAM NUMBER and ISO programs stored in the TNC appears on See the screen The program number last selected is 10002 1440 highlighted The program length in characters is a Iso aa given after the program number ISO programs 13 450 are designated by ISO after the program num 5 pe Bem ha Ni a ee cc on Ss et a ee a You can select the desired program either via the cursor keys or by entering its number lf the selected program number does not yet exist a new program Is opened Opening a Depending on the selected program type HEIDENHAIN dialog programs or ISO programs can be program opened see index A General Information MOD Functions Initiate the dialog PROGRAM SELECTION ia k Enter the program number E ene _ B d maximum 8 characters Confirm entry an girisi MM G71 INCH G70 or dimensions in mm or 231 G for dimensions in inches Example display 231 G71 N9999 231 G71 Selecting an All existing programs HEIDENHAIN format and ISO can be edited tested displayed graphically and existing executed regardless of the selected type of programming program Initiate the dialog PROGRAM SELECTION PROGRAM NUMBER I
90. ace and set the spindle axis to zero 2 After exchanging move the tools T or T to the work surface 3 Transfer each display value in this position to the tool length definition This gives you the length compensation to the zero tool Input Operating mode iy _ Touch the surface ai with the zero tool Initiate the dialog Z Spindle axis e g Z DATUM SET dle Reset to zero a dTa da Also touch the surface aia a with the new tools T or To Operating mode Either 1 call a tool definition in a program and initiate the dialog TOOL LENGTH L or 2 select a tool in the central tool file and initiate the dialog TOOL LENGTH L TOOL LENGTH L Select the spindle axis to l transfer the tool length f aR fas Transfer the length compensation to of BN memory TOOL RADIUS R HEIDENHAIN Page i TNC 2500B Programming Modes P Tool Definition Tool radius ra Tool radius R The tool radius is entered as a positive number exception radius compensation when program ming the cutter center path A tool radius must always be programmed before a machining program can be checked with test graphics Tool radius Drilling work is programmed without radius com c compensation pensation G40 while milling jobs are usually programmed with radius compensation G41 G42 Compensation is effective after a tool call pro gramming wi
91. ata and status of the control and machine Cause and reaction of the control The permitted range of values is exceeded e g teed rate too high The value is not accepted and an error message appears E g G00 X 50 X 100 During TEST RUN or during program execution the TNC stops with an error message before exe cuting the corresponding block and displays the block number tn which an error was found Malfunctions that affect operating safety cause blinking error messages Note down the error message Remedy Clear the value with the CE key enter and confirm the correct value Change to the PROGRAMMING AND EDITING operating mode The error can normally be found either in the block with the displayed block num ber or in a previously executed block Then correct the error Operating mode Full sequence and restart Switch off the machine or the control Remove the fault if possible Attempt to restart lf the program then runs correctly the problem was only a spurious malfunction If the same error message comes up again contact the customer service of the machine manufacturer General Information HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Control type Traversing possibilities Background programming Graphics Program input Input resolution Program memory Tools Contour Program jumps Fixed cycles Coordinate transformations Probing functions Paramet
92. ata input Program run Single block Program run Full sequence BEBAS Programming Modes Programming and editing p Test run with graphic simulation Ow Program Management Naming selecting a program Clear program Programmable program cal External program input and output Supplementary operating modes m Qw eee c Graphics woo Graphic operating modes A Define blank form reset blank form MAGN Magnify detail Start graphic simulation Override E S Feed rate override ON F o Spindle speed override Screen control N l 7 gt brightness l Programming in ISO Format Block number G code Feed rate Dwell time with G04 Scaling factor Miscellaneous function Spindle speed in rom Parameter definition Polar coordinate angle Angle of rotation in cycle G73 K X Y Z coordinates of a circle center Set label number with G98 Jump to label number Tool length with G99 Polar coordinate radius Rounding off radius with G25 G26 G27 Chamfer with G24 Circle radius with G02 G03 GO5 Tool radius with G99 Tool definition with G99 Too call GEBRBOOBWOB Entering and Editing Values Axis keys 0 9 Number keys B Decimal point sign change Key for polar coordinates Key for incremental dimensions Q Enter parameter instead of a number Define parameter Transfer actual position to memory MQ for Cursor keys Jump to a certain block or cycle No entry Enter data E
93. be defined for cir of rotation cular movement rotation in negative direction G02 clockwise rotation in positive direction G03 counterclock wise Any tool radius compensation must begin before a circular arc HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 2500B Programming Modes P33 Input tolerance Input circle center Input G02 G03 Program blocks Example full circle Program Example arc Program Circular Movement Cartesian Arc with circle center J K G02 G03 The starting and endpoint must lie on the same circular path i e they must be at the same dis tance from the circle center CC The tolerance of position inputs for the starting position end posi tion and circle center is 8 um 50 50 J 50 G02 X 15 Y 50 Circle center Specify the rotating direction with G02 direction of rotation clockwise and arc end point G41 G42 F and M are entered as for straight lines They are only necessary when different from previ ous Input Full circle in the XY plane outer circle around center X 50 Y 50 with 35 mm radius G99 T1 L 0 RS T1 G17 S200 G01 G41 X 15 Y 50 F300 M03 1 50 J 50 G02 X 15 Y 50 Full circles can be programmed with GO2 GO3 in one block The circle starting point and the circle endpoint are identical Semicircle in the XY plane inside circle around center X 50 Y 50 with 35 mm radius G01 G41 X 85 Y 50 F300 M3 1 50 J 0 G03 X 15 Y 50 Pa
94. ces such as the software limit switch or tool change position In the case of linear encoders with distance coded reference marks the machine axes need only be traversed by a maximum of 20 mm For angle encoders with distance coded reference marks a rotation of just 20 is required Linear encoders with only one reference mark have an RM label which indicates the position of the reference mark while angle encoders with one reference mark indicate the position with a notch on the shaft rr iL iil iil 10 02 10 n 0 02 20 Schematic of scale with distance coded reference marks Page General Information A 19 Depth of cut d mm 045 Ret 01 aria 0 09 Qe 0 08 ag 0 07 lt a A aim Cutting Data Feed rate diagram The feed rate F must be defined in mm min in the program Usually the number of teeth n on the tool the permitted depth of cut d per tooth in mm and the previously determined spindle speed S in rom are given The diagram below helps you determine the feed rate F Determine the required feed rate F in mm min Example Given n number of teeth 6 d permitted depth of cut per tooth 0 1 mm selected S spindle speed 500 rom Find F feed rate A 0 05 fee NN NL Gk oe ON 0 03 EAN G02 kN 0015 ee 0 012 4 h 0 01 N 2 N S Calculation Formula Page A 20 Spindle speed S rpm Horizontal line through depth of cut 0 1 mm Prerequ
95. chine referenced coordinates M91 M92 Overview Program labels G98 Program section repeats Subprograms Nesting subprograms Example Hole pattern with several tools Example Horizontal geometric form 33 35 oF 39 41 42 43 44 Ad 45 46 48 50 l HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes TNC 2500B Programming Modes P Standard Cycles Introduction Overview 65 Fixed cycles Preparatory measures 66 Pecking G83 67 Tapping with floating tap holder G84 70 Slot milling G74 71 i Rectangular pocket milling G75 G76 13 Circular pocket milling G77 G78 75 SL cycles Fundamentals 77 Contour geometry G37 78 Rough out G57 78 Roughing out a rectangular pocket 80 Roughing out a rectangular island 81 i Overlaps 82 Overlapping pockets 83 Overlapping islands 86 i Overlapping pockets and islands 87 Pilot drilling G56 89 z Contour milling finishing G58 G59 90 Machining with several tools 91 i Coordinate Transformations Overview 93 Datum shift Gb4 94 Mirror image G28 96 Coordinate system rotation G73 98 Scaling G72 100 Other Cycles Dwell time G04 102 Program call G39 103 Oriented spindle stop G36 104 Parametric Programming Overview 105 Selection 106 Algebraic functions 107 a Trigonometric functions 108 Conditional unconditional jumps 110 Special functions 111 Example Bolt hole circle 113 Drilling with chip breaking 114 Elliose as an SL cycle TIS Sphere 117 HEIDENHAIN Programming Mode
96. cket N140 Y 20 N150 G25 R12 N160 X 70 N170 G25 R12 N180 Y 60 N190 G25 R12 N200 X 40 N210 G98 LO N9999 7206 G71 PGM 720 7 creates a contour island with identical dimensions Page ey re HEIDENHAIN P 80 regn diee Aaa TNC 2500B SL Cycles Roughing out a rectangular island Task Rectangular island with rounding radius Exterior machining of rectangular island with rounded corners with a center cut end mill ISO 1641 tool radius 5 mm PGM 7207 G71 7207 N10 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 Blank N20 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 740 N30 G99 T1 L 0 R 5 N40 T1 G17 S111 Tool NSO G00 G90 Z 100 M03 N60 G37 PO1 2 P02 1 List of contour subprograms sequence N70 G57 P01 2 P02 20 P03 8 Definition for rough out P04 100 POS 0 P06 0 P07 500 N80 G40 X 40 Y 50 Z 2 M99 Pre positioning cycle call N90 G00 G40 Z 20 M02 Retract return jump to start of program N100 G98 L1 N110 G42 X 40 Y 60 N120 X 15 N130 G25 R12 N140 Y 20 N150 G25 R12 Radius compensation is G42 RR and tool path is N160 X 70 counterclockwise the contro therefore deduces island N170 G25 R12 N180 Y 60 N190 G25 R12 N200 X 40
97. contour The starting point can be selected as desired and is approached without radius compensation with G40 The straight line positioning block to contour point must contain radius compensation G41 or G42 Then program a G26 block The tool moves from the last contour point on a tangentially connecting arc and then on a tan gentially connecting straight line to the end posi tion if a block with G27 is programmed be tween and The positioning block for should not contain radius compensation i e G40 The radius R can be substantially less than the tool radius It must be small enough to fit be tween and or and A feed rate exclusively for the approach and departure arc can be programmed separately in the G26 G27 block G00 G40 X Y Z G01 G41 X Y F500 G41 X Y F200 G26 R2 5 F100 G27 R2 5 F100 X Y F500 G40 Xp Yp F500 G00 Z 200 A positioning block containing both coordi nates of the machining plane must be pro grammed before and after the G26 G27 block Approach on an arc Program a G26 biock after the first radius compensated position G41 G42 Departure on an arc Program a G27 block after the last radius compensated position G41 G42 or before the first uncompensated position following machining Programming Modes Gal T Sen JE G40 RO G41 fh F yi F 200 i G40 RO HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B
98. coolant on As per M02 Vacant miscellaneous function or Cycle call modally effective depending on the machine parameters entered Constant path feed rate on internal corners and uncompensated corners Within a positioning block Workpiece zero datum is replaced by reference point Within a positioning block The set workpiece zero datum is replaced by a position which is defined by the machine tool builder using a machine parameter e g tool change position Reserved Rotary table axis display reduction to a value below 360 Reserved Reserved Path offset on external corners point of intersection instead of transitional circle End of path offset blockwise Cycle call blockwise Effective at block block begin end
99. ction the contour is to be machined The control deduces from these data whether the specific subprogram describes a pocket or an island Subprograms of the individual PEPI l an i subcontours The control recognizes a pocket if the tool path lies inside the contour The control recognizes an island if the tool path lies outside the contour Scheme of a program with SL cycles Be sure to run a graphic simulation before executing a program to see whether the contour was computed by the control as desired All coordinate transformations are allowed in programming the contours see Coordinate Trans formations Overview Not all of the SL cycles are always required For easier familiarization the following examples begin with only the rough out cycle and then proceed progressively to the full range of functions HEIDENHAIN i Page TNC 2500B Programming Modes P77 SL Cycles Contour geometry G37 Rough out Gb7 Contour The label numbers subprograms of the sub geometry contours are specified in cycle G37 contour G37 geometry Up to 12 label numbers can be entered The TNC computes the intersections of the result ing contour from the subcontours Cycle G37 is immediately effective after definition this cycle cannot be called The list of subcontours in cycle G37 should begin A B with a pocket A B Pockets C D Islands Example N5 G37 P01 11 P02 12 P03 13 The subprograms 11 12 and 13
100. d A tool must first be defined before tool radius compensation can be called with G41 G42 in the Posi tioning with MDI mode of operation A tool can be defined either in the central tool file or within a part program If no central tool file is used you must define the tool with G99 in the Program run single block or Program run full sequence mode The significance of G99 and T are explained in index P Programming Modes Tool Definition Tool number elect spindle axis e g Z a Spindle speed Conclude block Input Tool call HEIDENHAIN s Page TNC 2500B Machine Operating Modes M 17 Positioning with Manual Data Input MDI Positioning to entered coordinates In the Positioning with MDI mode paraxial positioning blocks i e for traverse in only one axis can be entered and executed The entered blocks are not saved in memory Paraxial positioning Approaching Input the position No radius compensation or araxial compensation for increased length R or educed length R Absolute or Incremental dimensions Axis and coordinate value e g X axis Feed rate M function Conclude block Start positioning block Terminate Terminates block immediately Earlier entries for tool radius compensation feed rate direction of spindle block entry rotation remain effective Paraxial radius For paraxial
101. d execution Sequence N60 G54 X 70 Y 60 1 Datum shift N65 G73 H 35 2 Rotation N70 L1 0 3 Subprogram call N80 G54 X 0 Y 0 Cancel datum shift N90 G73 H 0 Reset rotation r N100 G00 G40 Z 50 M02 Return jump to first block of the main program Subprogram The associated subprogram see Datum shift is programmed after M02 HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes rage TNC 2500B 9 i P 99 Coordinate Transformations scaling G72 The cycle Contours can be enlarged or reduced with this cycle This permits generation of contours geo metrically similar to an original without repro gramming and also use of shrinkage and growth allowances scaling is effective depending on the specified machine parameters either in the machining olane or in the three main axes see index A General Information MOD Functions User parameters Activation Scaling is effective immediately without being called Scaling factors greater than 1 result in enlargement factors between O and 1 result in reduction F factor The scaling factor F factor is entered to enlarge or reduce a contour The control applies this factor to all coordinates and radii etther in the machining plane or depending on MP 7410 see index A General Information MOD Functions User parameters in all three axes X Y and Z The factor also affects dimensions in cycles Input range 0 000001 to 99 999 999 Datum position It is
102. data image processing only the cur rent block number is displayed on the screen and the internal computing also indicated by an aste risk control is started When the program has been processed the machined workpiece can be displayed in plan view view in three planes or 3D view The workpiece center is shown in the plan view with up to 7 different shades the lower the darker The workpiece is shown like in drafting with a plan view and two sections The sectional planes can be moved via the cursor keys The view in three planes can be switched from the German to the American projection via a machine parameter A symbol in conformance to ISO 6433 indicates the type of projection Preferred German ge Preferred American OEF Programming Modes GRAPHICS GRAPHICS SELECTIONZSENT ENO NOENT FAST IMAGE DATA PROCESSING 3D VIENW VIEW IN THREE PLANES PLAN VIEW HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B 3D view Magnifying Selecting the sectional plane Trimming Magnifying the detail Hits Magnification Graphic Simulation The program is simulated in a three dimensional view The displayed workpiece can be rotated by 90 with each activation of the horizontal cursor keys The orientation is indicated by an angle E y ao Og goe S If the height to side proportion is between 0 5 and 50 the type of display can be changed wi
103. de 00000010 TE a o e e 3 7 1 Sencar oi wef ef gt w e tt merona of of of of of of aj 4 ce w e 2 nl ol o e Samne oz7es T0004 6102 4006 zose 102a 612 zs meroa o of of ol of o 1 lt The input value for MP 5010 0 Determine input value 1 2 is thus 515 2 Page Programming Modes P 135 External Data Transfer Machine parameters The data format and the type of transfer stop are determined by MP 5020 Bit 1 is only set for block wise transfer O is entered for standard data interface MP 5020 Data format Bit Input Input values Q 7 data bits ASCII code with 8 bit parity 1 gt 8 data bits ASCI code with 8 bit O and 9 bit parity 1 O gt any BCC character i 2 gt BCC character no control character Function 7 or 8 data bits Block Check Character BCC w Transfer stop due to RTS 0 gt Inactive 4 gt active Transfer stop due to DC3 Q gt Inactive 8 gt active Character parity even 4 0 gt even or odd 16 gt odd Character parity required 5 0 gt not required 32 gt required 32 Number of stop bits 716 O O 1 1 2 Stop bits QO 1 2 Stop bits bit 6 64 1 0 1 Stop bit bit 7 128 1 1 1 Stop bit 128 value to be entered for MP 5020 169 Notes on Input value does not contain the significance 2 bit 1 The BCC can accept an arbitrary character also control character in
104. define the complete contour in the example Rough out G57 Cycle G57 specifies the cutting path and partitioning It must be called and can be executed separately Tool required Cycle G57 requires a center cut end mill ISO 1641 if no pilot drilling is desired and if the tool must repeatedly jump over contours and plunge to the milling depth Input data Setup clearance A milling depth B pecking depth C are incremental with the same signs usually negative Feed rate for pecking traversing speed of the tool at penetration F1 Finishing allowance allowance in the machin ing plane positive value D lf a negative allowance is entered pockets will be milled too large by twice the allowance while islands will be milled too small by the same amount F gt y A E SF Rough out angle roughing out direction relative to the reference axis of the machining plane Feed rate traversing speed of the tool in the machining plane F2 The tool must be positioned at the setup clea rance A before the cycle call Example N16 G57 P01 2 Setup clearance P02 20 Milling depth P03 10 Pecking depth P04 40 Feed rate for penetration POS 1 Finishing allowance P06 0 Rough out angle P07 60 Feed rate in the working plane Page Serer ere HEIDENHAIN P78 rog MG ees TNC 2500B Process Milling the contour Clearing the area Sequence contour milling area clearance Climb
105. des P 115 Parameter definition Roughing out Finishing Subprogram with program section repeat Parametric Programming Example Elliose as an SL cycle 94152500 G71 N10 DOO Q00 PO1 10 N20 D00 Q01 PO1 1 N30 D00 Q02 P01 0 N40 D00 Q03 P0O1 370 N50 D00 Q04 PO1 45 N60 D00 Q05 P01 25 N70 D00 Q06 P01 50 N80 D00 Q07 P01 50 N90 D00 Q08 P01 2 N100 D00 Q09 P01 5 N110 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 10 N120 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 N130 G99 T25 L 0 R 2 5 N140 T25 G17 S1000 N150 G00 G40 G90 Z 50 M06 N160 Z Q8 M03 N170 DOO Q14 POI Q2 N180 G54 X Q6 Y Q7 N190 G37 P01 2 N200 G57 P01 Q8 P02 Q9 P03 5 P04 100 P05 2 P06 45 P07 100 N210 G79 N220 D00 Q00 P01 Q1 N230 D00 Q14 P01 Q2 N240 G01 Z Q9 F100 N250 L2 0 N260 Z 50 F1000 M02 N270 G98 L2 N280 D07 Q10 P01 Q2 N290 D06 Q11 P01 Q2 Incremental angle Aa for contour roughing Incremental angle Aa for contour finishing Starting angle a End angle a Semiaxis a Semiaxis b X coordinate for the datum shift Y coordinate for the datum shift Setup clearance Z Pecking depth Z Blank form definition Copy starting angle for counter Datum shift Define subprogram 2 as contour label SL cycle rough out for more information see SL Cycles Cycle call Copy incremental angle for finishing Copy starting angle for counter Drive tool to milling depth Z Call subprogram 2
106. devices are mated with the TNC controls and are therefore especially easy to put into devices operation FE ME The adaptation for FE or ME can be selected via MOD The suitable standard cable can be ordered The transfer rate can be altered for the FE 401B Connections In built in controls peripheral devices can usually be connected via a cable adapter on the operating panel or another accessible location on the machine Non HEIDENHAIN Non HEIDENHAIN devices must be individually adapted This also includes devices Adapting the control via machine parameters These settings are stored after input and are automatically effective by selecting EXT Adapting the peripheral device e g via switches Setting the baud rates for both devices Wiring the data transfer cable Please remember Both sides must be set identically You should always document the settings Page p ina Mod HEIDENHAIN P 132 po a On Ses TNC 2500B External Data Transfer FE floppy disk unit Preparing Connect the FE to the mains plug in the data the FE cable switch on insert floppy disk in the upper drive select the baud rate if necessary Please note when writing a diskette You must format the diskette before writing for the first time Do not write protect the diskette Setting the TNC Select operating mode at the TNC RS 232 C INTERFACE 2 Continue pressing until RS 232 C INTERFACE appears
107. dialog PROGRAM NUMBER Conclude block The callable program 50 is to be called from program 5 Program 5 G71 G39 POI 50 Definition Program 50 is a cycle G01 X 20 Y 50 F250 M99 x Call program 50 with M99 N9999 5 G71 A realistic example of a program call with G39 can be taken from the drilling example Parameter pro gramming 445 1 Subprogram 1 is written separately as 7444 without G98 L1 or G98 LO 2 444 now exists as a callable additional drilling procedure This program can remain stored in the control and be called by any other program e g 7445 3 Subprogram 1 is deleted in the main program 445 4 Instead of L 1 0 write in 445 G39 PO1 7444 and M99 in a subsequent positioning block Programming Modes aaa The cycle Activation M19 Input range Cycle definition Example Page P 104 Other Cycles Oriented spindle stop G36 The control can address the machine tool spindle as a 6 axis and turn it to a certain angular posi tion Application for tool changing systems with defined change position for tool e Orientation of the transmitter receiver window of the TS 511 3D touch probe system from HEIDENHAIN The cycle if provided on the machine is exe cuted through M19 The spindle orientation is activated either through machine parameter or spindle orientation G36 If the cycle is called without prior definition th
108. e spindle will be oriented to the angle set in the _ machine parameters Further information is avail able from the machine tool builder The angle of orientation is entered according to the reference axis of the working plane Input range O to 360 Input resolution 0 19 Initiate dialog Confirm selection of cycle ORIENTATION ANGLE a _ Enter new angle for spindle Transfer block to memory G36 S45 HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes TNC 2500B Parametric Programming Overview Parametric Many problems which would otherwise be programming impossible or very difficult can be easily solved with parametric programming Parametric pro gramming expands the capabilities of the control enormously and offers features such as Variable drilling programs Processing of mathematical curves e g sine wave ellipse parabola hyperbola Programs for machining families of parts e 3D programming for mold making Basic The mathematical and logical functions listed at functions the right are available for programming D00 ASSIGN D01 ADDITION D02 SUBTRACTION Computation The time required for one computing step D03 MULTIPLICATION time depending on the workload on the processor D04 DIVISION can reach the millisecond range D05 SQUARE ROOT D06 SINE For this reason very many computations and very D07 COSINE small displacements may cause the machine D08 ROOT SUM OF SQ
109. e START button In this operating mode the control executes the machining program until a programmed stop or end of program occurs Stop functions M02 M30 MOO M06 STOP if assigned a stop function via machine parameter The program run is also stopped if an error message appears You must restart the program to continue after a programmed stop a Full sequence Select the program and block number as de scribed above Operating mode a The program runs continuously up to a programmed stop or end of program The programmed feed rate can be varied via the feed rate override The programmed spindle speed can be varied via the spindle override if output is analog HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Page Machine Operating Modes M 19 Program Run Interrupting the program run Stop program run Stop axis movements with the machine STOP button The block currently being processed is not completed The control in operation display blinks Interrupt program run The control in operation display Is cleared The control stores the last tool called coordinate transformations the last valid circle center pol CC the current program section repeat the return jump label for subprograms Switching to In the Program run full sequence operating mode you can interrupt the program run by switching to single block Single block 3
110. e control via the RS 232 C data interface allowing programs to be created and stored externally In addition to programs written in conversational format ISO programs can also be entered either via the snap on keyboard or via the data interface Both interactive format and ISO format programs can reside in memory at the same time This control can execute programs from other HEIDENHAIN controls provided they contain only the functions described in this manual This manual addresses the skilled machine operator and requires appropriate knowledge of non NC controlled boring and milling TNC beginners are advised to work through this manual and the examples systematically If you have already worked with a HEIDENHAIN TNC you can skip familiar topics This manual deals with programming in ISO format HEIDENHAIN conversational programming is described in detail in a separate user manual for the TNC 2500B The sequence of chapters in this operating manual is according to control operating modes and key functions as well as according to the logical working order e Machine operating modes Switch on setup set display value machine workpiece Programming modes Programming and editing test run The following symbols are used in this manual Empty square keys for numerical input on the TNC operating panel Square with symbol e g other keys on the TNC operating panel Ci cle with buttons on the mac
111. e corresponding number A parameter is designated by the letter Q and any number between 0 and 113 The TNC assigns values to parameters Q100 to 0113 Specific numerical values contents can be allocated to the parameter either directly or with mathemati cal and logical functions Parameter contents can also have a negative sign Positive signs need not be programmed Parameters must be defined before they can be used When program run is started all parameters are automatically assigned the value O if machine parameter MP 7300 Q If the Q parameters are to be assigned values before program start set MP 7300 1 The Q parameter values are then not deleted at program start Examples of defined parameters QI 15 Q5 Q1 Q9 Q1 Q5 The notation corresponds to the standard computer format The operands and the operator are on the right the desired result on the left Consider the entire line as a mathematical operation and not as an equation Here also use the ENT key to continue the dialog within one program line Initiate the dialog Kay 9 Multiplication PARAMETER NUMBER FOR RESULT 2 dent Parameter for result First value or parameter 1 operand parameter Second value or parameter 2 2 operand Conclude block D03 Q10 P01 Q5 P02 3 142 The result is assigned to Q10 the content of Q5 is retained HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes TNC 2500B DOO Assignment DO1 Additi
112. e entered in absolute or incremental dimensions A complete thread can be programmed quite easily with Z and H the number of threads is then specified with a program section repeat REP The radius compensation depends upon the rotating direction right left type of thread internal external milling direction positive negative axis direction see table to the right Programming Modes N CT UALS Radius compensation Internal thread right hand left hand Working Rotating direction direction z oe Z Z G12 t G12 Z right hand left hand au G13 G41 External Working Rotating Radius thread direction direction compensation right hand left hand Z G12 G41 right hand Z G12 G41 left hand Z Gis G42 HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Input example Task Thread Calculations Polar Coordinates Helical interpolation J K G12 G13 Circle polar counterclockwise G13 G91 H 360 Z 2 A right hand internal thread M64 x 1 5 is to be produced in one cut with a multi cutter tool Thread data pitch P 1 5 mm Start a 0 end d 300 Number of threads No 5 Overrun of threads at start ney at end n 1 2 Total height Z P n 1 5mm b 2 1 2 9 mm Incremental polar angle H 360 n 360 5 2 1 2 2160
113. e external axis direction buttons HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 2500B ORENS Operating Modes M 15 Electronic Handwheel Incremental Jog m f Operating the Set operating mode and initiate the dialog HR 130 330 INTERPOLATION FACTOR 3 p a desired interpolation factor i Confirm entry l ie Select the axis INTERPOLATION FACTOR 4 W ers or on the handwheel HR 330 The tool can now be moved in a positive or negative Y direction with the electronic hand ae wheel incremental jog The machine manufacturer can activate incre 7 positioning mental jog positioning via the integral PLC In this 7 case a traversing increment can be entered in this operating mode The axis is moved by the entered increment when you press a machine axis button This can be repeated as often as desired Only single axis movements are possible Jog increment e g 2 mm 7 Machine axis button e g X pressed once Machine axis button pressed twice a wa Entering the Set operating mode and initiate the dialog jog increment JOG INCREMENT 1 000 gt a Enter the jog increment e g 2 mm Gn Confirm the entry f JOG INCREMENT 2 000 X or another remote axis key a The axis is driven by the entered jog increment Page f HEIDENHAIN M 16 Machine Operating Modes TNC 2500B n Example tool call Positioning with Manual Data Input MDI Tool call Spindle axis Spindle spee
114. e is cancelled by entering the mirror the mirror image cycle and responding to the dia image log query with END 0I G28 Page HEIDENHAIN P 96 Programming Modes TNC 2500B Selecting the cycle Example Subprogram Note HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Coordinate Transformations Mirror image G28 Initiate the dialog MIRROR IMAGE AXIS A program section subprogram 1 is to be exe cuted as originally programmed at position X 0 Y 0 It is then mirrored in X and executed at the position X 70 Y 60 34 G71 N10 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 N20 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 N30 G99 T1 L 0 R 5 N40 T1 G17 S200 N50 L1 0 Not mirrored N60 G54 X 70 Y 60 Datum shift N65 G28 X Mirror image N70 L1 0 Subprogram call N80 G54 X 0 Y 0 N85 G28 Cancel datum shift Reset mirror image N90 G00 G40 Z 50 M02 Retract return jump N100 G98 L1 N110 G00 G40 X 10 Y 10 M03 N120 Z 2 N130 G01 Z 5 F100 N140 G41 X 0 Y 0 F500 N150 Y 20 N160 X 25 N170 X 30 Y 15 N180 Y 0 N190 X 0 N200 G40 X 10 Y 10 N210 G00 Z 2 N220 G98 LO N9999 34 G71 Enter the second axis to be mirrored if applicable e g Y Conclude block For correct machining according to the drawing it is absolutely necessary that the sequence of cycles shown in the above execution be retained f Page Coordinate Transformations Coord
115. e number of the integrated PLC is displayed with this MOD function Up to 16 machine parameters can be accessed by the machine operator with this MOD function These user parameters are defined by the machine manufacturer he may be contacted for more information A code number can be entered with this MOD function 86357 cancel erase and edit protection 123 select the user parameters These user parameters are accessible on all controls see User parameters Page A8 HEIDENHAIN General Information TNC 2500B MOD Functions Position displays Change The MOD function Change mm inch determines mm inch whether the control displays positions in the metric system mm or tn the inch system You switch between the mm and inch systems via the ENT key After pressing this key the control switches to the other system You can recognize whether the control is dis playing in mm or inches by the number of digits behind the decimal point X15 789 mm display X 0 6216 inch display Position The following position displays can be selected displays nominal position of the control NOML difference nominal actual position lag distance LAG actual position ACTL remaining distance to programmed position DIST position based on the scale datum REF A last programmed position starting position B new programmed target position which is presently targeted
116. eactivated with the last entered values after a power interruption Traverse to the end positions of ta the axis axes which is are to be limited Note the appropriate REF displays with signs To determine the input values switch the position display to REF Continue pressing Select until LIMIT appears Enter the limit s QP Enter value or fag terminate the input rey HEIDENHAIN eneral Intormation TNC 2500B User Parameters General Information Machine The TNC contouring controls are individualized and adapted to the machine via machine parameters parameters MP These parameters consist of important data which determine the behavior and performance of the machine Parameters Certain machine parameters which determine functions dealing only with operating procedures pro accessible gramming and displays are accessible for the user for the user Examples Scaling factor only effective on X Y or on X Y Z Adapting the data interface to different external devices Display possibilities of the screen Accessibility The user can access these machine parameters in two ways e Access by entering the code number 123 This access is possible on every control see code number 123 Access to additional parameters via the MOD function User parameters You can only access via the MOD function if the manufacturer has made the machine parameters accessible for this purpose
117. ecked and altered amp Editing They can also be read in and read out via RS 232 C V 24 interface Test Test Graphics moo GRAPHICS Part programs are tested for logical errors such as machine traverse limit violations double programming of axes etc Part programs are graphically simulated in plan view projection in three plains and 3D view This test run is conducted in the full block and single block oper ating modes and is started with the START key on the control keyboard Address Function eon Gl TE OF 0 0p am A p Address Function Program beginning Programm call with G39 Cycle parameter for fixed cycles P Value or O parameter in O parameter definition Rotary axis about X axis Rotary axis about Y axis Rotary axis about Z axis Q Q parameter Q Parameter definitions R Radius for polar co ordinates Fae pate A ae wie aide GO02 G03 G05 Dwell time with G04 GDB G2E G27 w pene with G72 R Too radius with G99 ainin S Spindle speed Angle for polar co ordinates Rotational angle with G73 I Tonroehmitarwii G32 l T Tool call X Coordinate of T Next tool with G51 aae U je on i linear axis parallel ircl E ae tl ew m V p linear axis parallel onai ia W Additional linear axis parallel Set label number to Z axis with G98 Jump to label number s a ee length with G99 2 Z Axis Miscellaneous M functions Endvokbinck Block number 01 0
118. eed rate is found in the diagram below Determine the required feed rate F in mm min Example Given p pitch mm rev 1 mm rev Selected S spindle speed rom 100 rpm Find F feed rate mm min a tad ites ion Sarees Q Spindle speed S rom Calculation Horizontal line through pitch p 1 0 mm rev Vertical line through spindle speed S 100 rpm Read off feed rate at point of intersection F 100 mm min to tap this thread Formula Page General Information HEIDENTIAIN A 22 TNC 2500B Machine Operating Modes M Switch On Manual Operation EE 3D Touch Probe Mh Datum setting without g probe system x Electronic Handwheel i Incremental Jog Data Input MDI HEIDENHAIN TNC 25008 Positioning with Manual Traversing the reference points Traversing with the axis direction buttons Spindle speed S Miscellaneous functions M Datum setting with probe system Calibrating effective length Calibrating effective radius Reference surface Position measurement Basic rotation Angular measurement Corner datum Determining corner coordinates Circle center datum Determining the circle radius Tool call Spindle axis Spindle speed Positioning to entered coordinates Single block Full sequence Interrupting the program run Checking changing Q parameters Background programming Blockwise transfer drip feed Machine Operating Modes 15 17
119. ematically shows the cut ter center path and the associated program blocks The entire contour is divided into a left and right half and is machined in the two pro gram section repeats The program runs without radius compensa tion i e the cutter center path is programmed To obtain the desired contour the tool radius must be subtracted on the left side and added on the right side all X coordinates 90007685 G71 N10 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 70 N20 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 N30 G99 T1 L 0 R 10 N40 T1 G17 1000 N50 G00 G90 Z 20 M06 N60 G40 X 20 Y 1 M03 N70 G98 L1 N80 Z S1 N90 G01 X 1 F100 N100 X 11 646 Z 20 2 N110 G06 X 40 Z 0 N120 G01 X 41 N130 G00 Z 10 N140 X 20 G91 Y 2 5 N150 G00 G90 N160 L1 40 N170 G00 Z 20 N180 X 120 Y 1 N190 G98 L2 5 i EE EE N210 GOL X 99 F100 N220 X 88 354 Z 20 2 N230 G06 X 60 Z 0 z N240 G01 X 59 N250 G00 Z 10 N260 X 120 G91 Y 2 5 N270 G00 G90 N280 12 40 N290 Z 20 M02 x N9999 90007685 G71 O00 Approach starting point for left side Infeed in Y axis Program section is executed 41 times Retract spindle axis Approach starting point for right side Infeed in Y axis Program section is executed 41 times Retract spindle axis jump to start of program Programming Modes ip Program Calls Jumping to You can call another program which is sto
120. er programming Traversing range Cutting data Component units Block processing time Control loop cycle time Data interface Ambient temperature HEIDENHAIN General Information TNC 2500B TNC 2500B Brief description Contouring control for 4 axes Straight lines in 3 axes Circles in 2 axes Helix Programming and program execution simultaneously lt Graphic simulation in the Program run operating modes In HEIDENHAIN format or according to ISO Max 0 001 mm or 0 0001 inch or 0 001 For 32 programs battery buffered 4000 program blocks Up to 254 tool definitions in a program Up to 99 tools in the central tool file Programmable functions Straight line chamfer Circle input center and end point of the arc or radius and end point of the arc circle connected tangen tially to the contour input arc end point Corner rounding input radius Tangential approach and departure from a contour Subprograms program section repeats call of other programs Drilling cycles for pecking tapping Milling cycles for rectangular pocket circular pocket slot Subcontour List cycles for milling pockets and islands with irregular contours Move and rotate the coordinate system mirror image scaling For 3 D touch trigger probe Mathematical functions x sin cos angle a from axis sections Va vVa2 62 paramet
121. er comparison gt lt Max 30000 mm or 1180 inches Traversing speed max 30 m min or 1180 inches min Spindle speed max 99999 rom Hardware Logic unit control panel and monochrome screen 1500 blocks min 40 ms 6 ms RS 232 C V 24 Data transfer speed max 19200 baud Operation 0 G16 45 C137 Fte NFSA storage 30 C to 70 C 22 F to 158 F Page A3 Manual operation Electronic Handwheel Positioning with manual data input ZINE Sinse Program run Full sequence cirdethslatalitbaleteta t ddpnbiigal Machine operating modes The axes can be moved via the external axis direction buttons Workpiece datum can be set as MANUAL OPERATION desired PARA AVA ACTL x Y The axes can be moved either via an electronic handwheel or via the external axis direction buttons It is also possible to position by defined Jog increments The axes are positioned according to the data keyed in These data are not stored POSITIONING MANUAL Ni GOr X 20 F200 ACTL vE Y Z A 7 eNA O1 0 O WNN N OI OI e KO MS 9 DATA INPUT A part program in the memory of the control is executed by the machine PROGRAM RUN FULL S 77418 Gri After starting via the machine START button the N10 G99 T1 L R 2 program is automatically executed until the end o
122. er is called Then the return jump is carried out to the called program label and the program section is repeated The number of remaining repetitions on the dis play is reduced by 1 L 2 5 After another return jump the program section is N22 G98 L2 repeated a second time When all programmed repetitions have been per N23 G00 G91 X 10 M99 formed display L 2 0 the main program is resumed N24 L2 5 Error message EXCESSIVE SUBPROGRAMMING You programmed a jump incorrectly You failed to enter the repetition value The program section is treated as a subprogram without a correct ending G98 LO the label number is called eight times During program run or a test run the error message appears on the screen after the eighth repetition HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 2500B Programming Modes P 57 Jumps Within a Program Program section repeats Setting the program label Program label 1 is set Repeating a l 6 repetitions from G98 L1 program section 6872 oea oT The program section between G98 L1 and L 1 6 after a label ts executed a total of 7 times Example The illustrated bolt hole row with 7 identical bores bolt hole row is to be drilled with a program section repeat The tool is pre positioned offset to the left by the bore center distance before starting the repeat to simplify programming Program G99 T1 L 0 R2 5 Tool definition Tl G17 200 Tool call G00 G40 G90 X 7 Y 10
123. eters The program is then stopped until the machine START button is pressed The program STOP can only be omitted when a tool call is programmed solely to change the spindle speed The tool ts changed at a defined change position The control must therefore move the tool to a machine referenced change position The pro gram run is not interrupted N10 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 N20 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 N30 G99 T1 L 0 R 4 5 N40 G99 T2 L 2 4 R 3 NSO TO G17 N60 G00 G40 G90 Z 200 M06 N70 T1 S1000 N80 X 25 Y 30 N90 Z 2 M03 Page P 19 roaa rate Feed rate override Rapid traverse Spindle speed Spindle override Miscellaneous functions Page P 20 Feed Rate F Spindle Speed S Miscellaneous Functions M The feed rate F i e the traversing speed of the tool in its path is programmed in positioning blocks in mm min or 0 1 inch min The current feed rate is shown in the status display on the lower right of the screen The feed rate can be varied within a range of 0 to 150 with the feed rate override on the control operating panel The effective range of the potentiometer for tapping is limited by machine parameters The maximum input value rapid traverse on the control for positioning Is 29998 mm min or 113800 10 tnch min The maximum operating speeds are set for each axis GOO or the max input is programmed for rapid traverse The control
124. ew block The block numbers of the subsequent blocks are automatically increased If the program storage capacity is exceeded this is reported at dialog initiation with the error message PROGRAM MEMORY EXCEEDED This error message also appears if program end PGM END block is selected You should then select a lower block number Horizontal cursor keys The highlighted field is moved within the current block and can be placed on the program word to be changed One word in the current program block is to be changed Move the highlighted field to the word to be changed The dialog query appears for the highlighted word e g COORDINATES 7 X o Change the value Move the highlighted field to the To change another word amp word to be changed onclude the block or move the highlighted field to the right or left off the screen lf all corrections have been made Programming Modes n F Searching for certain addresses Example Programming in ISO Editing functions You can use the vertical cursor keys to search for blocks containing a certain address in the program Use the horizontal cursor keys to place the highlighted field on a word having the search address and then page in the program with the vertical cursor keys only those blocks having the desired address are displayed All blocks with the address M are to be displayed Select one block with the M Place the
125. f the circle center PR 20 l Circle radius Datum setting DATUM Y 30 Ey Enter the X and Y coordinates of the circle S a F center if necessary e g X 40 Y 30 E po 1E Confirm entries Page i i i Machine Operating Modes HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Datum setting without probe system Align workpiece First align the workpiece parallel to the machine and set datum axes In the conventional way For datum setting the machine is then moved to a known position relative to the workpiece and the relevant position values are entered with the axis keys Touching in the Touch both sides of the workpiece with a tool or working plane edge finder and at contact set the actual posi tion display of the associated axis to the tool radius or the ball tio radius of the edge finder with a negative sign here e g X 5 mm Y 5 mm Touching in The actua position display is set to zero when the tool axis the zero tool touches the work surface Z spindle axis if the workpiece surface must not be scratched you can lay a metal shim of known thickness e g 0 1 mm on it Then enter the thickness of the shim when contact is made e g Z 0 1 mm Preset tools When using preset tools i e when the tool lengths are already known touch the work surface with any tool To assign the value O to the surface enter the length L of the inserted tool with a posi tive sign as the actual
126. g contact The control automatically switches to the Manual operation or Handwheel operating mode Beart eel Machine Operating Modes Page 3D Touch Probe Basic rotation Angular measurement Displaying The measured rotation angle is displayed by the rotation selecting the probing function Basic rotation angle Compensation of angular misalignment is regis ae ge tered on the screen with ROT in the status display It also remains stored after a power interruption Cancelling the basic rotation The basic rotation is cancelled by selecting rotation the probing function Basic rotation and angle 0 entering a 0 rotation angle The ROT display is cleared Once basic rotation is activated all sub sequent programs are executed with rotation and shown rotated in the graphic simulation Measuring angles n addition to basic rotation angle measurements can also be performed on aligned workpieces Carry out the following procedure Execute a basic rotation Display the rotation angle Cancel the basic rotation Compensating for On machine tools with a rotary axis you can also correct misalignment of a workpiece by rotating the misalignment axis Carry out the following procedure Execute a basic rotation Display and note the rotation angle Cancel the basic rotation Enter the noted value for the rotary axis incrementally in the Position
127. ge Programming Modes HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Circular Movement Cartesian Corner rounding with radius GO2 GO3 Circular arc If the contour radius is given in the drawing but G02 G03 no circle center the circle can be defined via GO2 GO3 key with the endpoint of the circular arc radius and e direction of rotation G41 G42 F and M are entered as for straight lines and are only required when changing earlier specifications Starting point The starting point of the arc must be approached in the preceding block Endpoint In the GO2 GO03 block the endpoint can only be programmed with Cartesian coordinates The distance between starting and end point of the arc must not exceed 2 x R With GO2 GO3 full circles can be programmed in 2 blocks Central angle There are two geometric solutions for connecting two points with a defined radius see figure depending on the size of the central angle B The smaller arc 1 has a central angle B lt 180 the larger arc 2 has a central angle B gt 180 Contour Enter a positive radius to program the smaller radius arc B lt 180 The sign ts automatically generated To program the larger arc B gt 180 enter the radius as a negative value The maximum definable radius 30 m Arcs up to 99 m can be produced with para metric programming Rotating Depending on the allocation of radius co
128. ge TNC 2500B Programming Modes P135 External Data Transfer Machine parameters The data format and the type of transfer stop are determined by MP 5020 Bit 1 is only set for block wise transfer O is entered for standard data interface MP 5020 i Data format Function Bit Input l values 7 or 8 data bits 0 gt 7 data bits ASCII code with 8 bit parity 1 8 data bits ASCII code with 8 bit 0 and 9 bit parity 1 Block Check Character BCC 0 gt any BCC character 2 gt BCC character no control character Transfer stop due to RTS O gt inactive H 4 gt active 0 gt inactive Transfer stop due to DC3 8 gt active 8 Character parity even 0 gt even or odd 16 gt odd Character parity required 5 Q not required 32 gt required 32 Number of stop bits 0 Q 1 1 2 Stop bits 011 2 Stop bits bit 6 64 TIO 1 Stop bit bit 7 128 1 1 1 Stop bit 128 value to be entered for MP 5020 169 Notes on Input value does not contain the significance 2 bit 1 The BCC can accept an arbitrary character also control character in blockwise transfer Input value contains the significance 2 If the computation of the BCC during blockwise transfer results in a number less than 20 HEX control character then a space character 20 HEX is additionally sent prior to ETB In this case the BCC is always greater than
129. helpful to locate the datum on an edge of the subcontour This way the datum of the coordinate system is retained during a reduction or magnifi cation as long as it is not subsequently moved or if the move is programmed before the scaling factor Activating G72 F0 8 scaling Cancelling The scaling cycle is cancelled by entering the factor 1 in the scaling cycle scaling G72 Fl gt Page eee ee HEIDENHAIN P 100 ogra g TNC 2500B HEIDENHAIN P ina Mod f TNC 2500B rogramming Modes i Selecting the cycle Example Subprogram Coordinate Transformations Scaling G72 Initiate the dialog FACTOR A program section subprogram 1 is to be exe cuted as originally programmed referenced to the manually set datum X 0 Y 0 It is then scaled with 0 8 and executed at the datum X 60 Y 70 36 G71 N10 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 N20 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 N30 G99 T1 L 0 R 5 N40 T1 G17 200 N50 L1 0 N60 G54 X 70 Y 60 N70 G72 F0 8 N80 L1 0 N90 G54 X 0 Y 0 N100 G72 F1 N110 G00 G40 Z 50 M02 Conclude block Execution in original size Execution with scaling factor Sequence 1 Shift datum 2 Define scaling factor 3 Cail subprogram scaling factor effective Cancel transformations Retract return Jump The corresponding subprogram see cycle 7 Datum shift is programmed after M02 Page P 101 The cycle Activation Pos
130. hine manufacturer can also store his builder cycles own programs as cycles in the control These cycles can be called under the cycle num bers 68 to 99 Contact the machine manufacturer for more information Selecting After selecting the appropriate G function and a cycle pressing the ENT key data for the cycles shown Effective Effective to the right can be entered and also any pro Imme grammed user cycles can be selected diately Pecking Tapping Slot milling Rectangular pocket 9 Circular pocket Program call E x Contour geometry Pilot drilling Rough out Contour milling Calling a Cycles must be called after moving the tool to fixed cycle the appropriate position only then will the last Effective Effective defined cycle be executed eg diately Datum shift There are three ways to call a cycle m Mirror image E Rotating the G79 With the cycle call function G79 E E a 2S Scaling M 99 Via the miscellaneous function M99 rir Dwell time G79 and M99 are only effective blockwise O Program call and must therefore be reprogrammed for Spindle every execution orientation M89 Via the miscellaneous function M89 depending on machine parameters M89 is effective modally i e the last programmed cycle is called at every subsequent positioning block M89 is cancelled or cleared by M99 G79 or by newly defining a fixed cycle Coordinate Coordinate transformations and the dwell time are effective im
131. hine operating panel symbol e g The pages of this manual are distinctly marked with the relevant key symbols Program blocks and TNC screen dialogs are printed in this SPECIAL TYPE HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Page General Information Al Program Examples Buffer batteries in the control Changing the battery Input range exceeded Incompatible contradictory inputs Malfunction of the machine or control Page A2 Introduction The example programs in this manual are based on a uniform blank size and can be displayed on the screen by adding the following blank definition see index Programming Modes Program Selection G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 The examples can be executed on machine tools with tool axis Z and machining plane XY If your machine uses a different axis as the tool axis this axis must be programmed instead of Z and likewise the corresponding axes for the machining plane Beware of collisions when executing the example programs Buffer batteries protect the stored programs and machine parameters against loss due to power Interruption When the message EXCHANGE BUFFER BATTERY appears you must change the batteries The batteries should be replaced once a year Battery type 3 AA size batteries leak proof IEC designation LRO Battery replacement is described in the manual of the machine manufacturer Error messages The TNC checks input d
132. ht lines Straight line movement in rapid traverse GOO G10 Straight line movement at programmed feed rate G01 G11 Chamfer with length R G24 A chamfer is inserted between two straight lines Circles Circle center also pole for programming polar coordinates LJ K J K do not generate movement Circular movement in clockwise direction CW G02 G12 Circular movement in counterclockwise direction CCW GOS G13 The circular path can be programmed circle center J K and end point or circle radius and end point Circular movement without indication of direction of rotation GO5 G15 Only the radius and end point of the circular path need to be programmed The direction of rotation results from the circular movement GO2 G12 or GO3 G13 which was last programmed Circular movement with tangential transition GO6 G16 An arc is attached to the preceding contour element with a tangential transition Only the end point of the arc needs to be programmed Rounding corners with radius R G25 An arc with tangential transitions is inserted between two contour elements Multi axis A maximum of 3 axes can be programmed for straight lines and a maximum of 2 axes for circles movements eee Programming Modes Page TNC 2500B g g P23 Path Movements 1D 2D 3D movements p x Movements are referred to depending on the number of simultaneously traversed axes as 1D p 2D or 3D movements D for dimension Paraxia
133. ian Interoolation planes Circular arcs can be directly programmed in the main planes XY YZ ZX The circular interpolation plane is selected by defining the spindle axis with T This also assigns the tool compensations The axis printed bold below e g X is identical in its positive direction with the angle 0 leading axis The axis in normal print points in the 90 direction Spindle axis Circular interpolation plane parallel to Z XY CCW 0 N xP 4 lt ge CCW 7 Accw x lt A R zs Circular arcs which are not parallel to a main plane can be programmed via Q parameters and executed as a sequence of multiple short straight lines GO1 blocks HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes TNC 2500B Circular Movement Cartesian selection guide Arbitrary transitions GO02 GO3 and GO5 Circular The control moves two axes simultaneously so movement the tool describes a circular arc relative to the workpiece Arbitrary The functions G02 and GO3 define together transitions with the preceding block arbitrary transitions at the beginning and end of the arc Difference between If a program section contains a contour z N G02 G03 and which has to be programmed as alternating G05 linear and circular movements the GOS func tion can be used while still retaining the direction of rotation programmed via G02 or G03 GO5 corresponds in function and input to the functions G02 G03
134. ic tool change or in program O 1 to 99 without automatic tool change or in the machining program 1 to 254 lf tools required in a program are defined in that program a program printout will include the specifica tions of the tool dimensions Initiate the dialog TOOL NUMBER TOOL LENGTH L TOOL RADIUS R PROGRAMMING AND EDITING TOOL NUMBER 7 7410 G71 x NiO G99 L 0 R 2 x T1 Gi S1000 x N25 620 G40 G9 X 10 Y 1 0 M 3Z N30 G54 X 100 Y 2 0 N40 G28 X NS I 100 J 0 x G73 G90 H 315 x i Enter the tool number The tool number O cannot be programmed under G99 Tool O ts internally defined with L 0andR 0Q0 a CY fae Enter the tool length or the difference to the zero tool a Enter the tool radius Conclude the block l HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes TNC 2500B Tool Definition Tool definition in program O Central If the central tool file program Q is activated by tool file machine parameters the tools must always be defined there They then only have to be called in any program PROGRAMMING AND EDITING The central tool file is programmed changed T2 L 5 3 R 6 T3 L 12 45 R 7 75 output and read in the Programming and editing L 25 21 R 3 5 operating mode L 52 S2 R 2 5 L 85 R 2 Every tool is entered with the tool number length L 32 71 R 8 radius and pocket number Tool O must be def
135. ight pocket Square island Triangular island The contour subprograms 1 to 4 are identical to those in program 7209 Programming Modes HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Original immediate activation Duration of activation End of activation Error message Coordinate lransformations Overview The following cycles serve for coordinate transfor mations G54 Datum shift G28 Mirror image G73 Rotation G72 Scaling Datum shift l Mirror image With the help of coordinate transformations a program section can be executed as a variant of the original In the following descriptions subprogram 1 Is always the original subprogram identified by the gray background NS S Rotation Scaling Every transformation is immediately active without being called A coordinate transformation remains active until it is changed or cancelled Its effect is not impaired by interrupting and aborting program run This is also true when the same pro gram is restarted from another location with GOTO L You can cancel coordinate transformations in the following ways Cycle definition for original condition e g scaling factor 1 0 Selecting another program with PGM NR in the operating mode program run full sequence or single block Programming of miscellaneous functions MO2 or M30 or block N9999 depending on the machine parameters 3 CYCL INCOMPL
136. inate system rotation G73 The cycle The coordinate system can be rotated in the machining plane around the current datum in a program Activation Rotation is effective without being called and is also active in the operating mode Positioning with MDI Rotation To rotate the coordinate system you only have to enter the rotation angle H Planes XY plane G17 X axis 0 standard YZ plane G18 Y axis 0 ZX plane G19 Z axis 0 All coordinate inputs following the rotation are then referenced to the rotated coordinate system The rotation angle is entered in degrees Input range 360 to 360 absolute or incre mental Activating G73 H 35 the rotation The active rotation angle is indicated by ROT in the status display Cancelling A rotation is cancelled by entering the rotation the rotation angle O G73 H 0 Page Programming Modes ee P98 9 g TNC 2500B _ Coordinate Transformations Coordinate system rotation G73 Selecting Initiate the dialog the cycle ROTATION ANGLE _ Example A program section Subprogram 1 is to be exe cuted as originally programmed at position K 0 Y 0 It is then rotated in X and executed at the position X 70 Y 60 k 35 G71 N10 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 z N20 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 N30 G99 T1 L 0 R 5 N40 T1 G17 S200 N50 L1 0 Non rotated execution Rotate
137. ined oa i iH re 5 wms Daa RSE G a O O a i pl i el Sa ae at sp ach a Example Tool 3 is to be defined with L 5 R 7 Initiate the dialog Select the central PROGRAM NUMBER L L tool file BEGIN TOOL MM o Bd RB Select the tool T3 LO RO i gt 5 Enter the length D Enter the radius Tool changer On machines with a tool magazine and flexible pocket coding the tools can be returned to a different with flexible magazine pocket than they were taken from pocket coding The control memorizes which tool number is stored in which pocket G99 functions like a tool pre selection here i e the tool search is programmed with G99 In this case only the query for the tool number appears Oversize Oversize tools occupying three pockets are to be designated as special tools A special tool is always tools returned to the same pocket Program by placing the highlighted field on the dialog query SPECIAL TOOL and respond with the ENTER key The preceeding and succeeding pocket numbers should be deleted by positioning the highlighted field and pressing the NO ENT key A is displayed in place of the erased pocket number S for special tool and P for pocket number only appear if this function was selected via machine parameters PO spindle or another pocket must be vacant in the magazine HEIDENHAIN ere iaa Page TNC 2500B rO JPAM ia PH Tool length L Zero too
138. ing with MDI operating mode see Positioning to entered position and start the rotation with the machine START button HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B i Machine Operating Modes 3D Touch Probe Corner datum Determining corner coordinates With the probing function Corner datum the control computes the coordinates of a corner on the clamped workpiece The computed value can be taken as datum for subsequent machining All nominal positions then refer to this point The probing function Basic rotation should be performed before Corner datum Process The probe head touches two side surfaces see figure from two different starting positions per side The corner point P is computed by the control as the intersection of straight line A contact points and with straight line B contact points and After performing If the probing function Corner datum is called a basic rotation after performing a basic rotation straight line A the first side need not be contacted HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 2500B Machine Operating Modes 3D Touch Probe Corner datum Determining corner coordinates To transfer the direction of the first side face from the basic rotation routine simply respond to the dia log query TOUCH POINTS OF BASIC ROTATION by pressing the ENT key otherwise NO ENT If only the probing function CORNER DATUM is performed the
139. isites Vertical line through spindle speed 500 m min The feed rate determination assumes that At the point of intersection read off the feed rate the tool axis infeed 1 2 tool radius F 50 mm min this is multiplied by the number of of teeth n 6 the lateral infeed 1 4 tool radius and the F 300 mm min downfeed is selected equal to the tool radius F Oe E N f HEIDENHAIN General Information TNC 2500B Cutting Data spindle speed diagram The spindle speed S must be entered in rom in the part program Usually the tool radius R is given in mm and the cutting speed V in m min The diagram below helps you determine the spindle speed S Determining the required spindle speed S in rpm Example Given R tool radius 16 mm V cutting speed 50 m min Find S spindle speed Tool radius R mm 2 Cutting speed V m min 400 506 700 S06 4 1000 1509 Calculation Horizontal line through the tool radius R 16 mm Vertical line through the cutting soeed V 50 m min Read off the value at the point of intersection approx 500 rom calculated 497 rpm Formula VS ZR iss 5s HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Page General Information A 21 Cutting Data Feed rate diagram for tapping When tapping a thread the pitch P is given mm rev The spindle speed S and the feed rate F must be defined tn the program First the spindle speed is determined in the appropriate diagram then the f
140. it via Floppy Disk Computer the RS 232 C V 24 serial data interface Thus Unit allows execution of part programs which exceed the storage capacity of the control Data The data interface is programmable via machine interface parameters see index Programming Modes External data transfer The RS 232 C interface of the TNC must be set for external transfer or FE operation Machine Program Only programs without jumps can be executed with Blockwise transfer structure Program calls subprogram calls program section repeats and conditional program jumps cannot be executed e Unless the control operates with a central tool file only the tool last defined can be called Block numbers The program to be transferred can have block numbers sequence numbers exceeding 999 sequence The blocks do not have to be numbered sequentially however no block number may exceed the numbers number 65 534 High sequence numbers are displayed with 2 lines Starting Data transfer from an external storage device can be started in the operating modes Program run full blockwise sequence single block with the EXT key transfer The control stores the transferred program blocks in available memory and interrupts data transfer when the storage capacity is full No program blocks are displayed until the available memory is full or the program is completely transferred The program run can be started with
141. key you can call subprograms Pecking cycle create program section repeats Refer to Fixed cycles for explanation Label numbers 1 to 254 can be called as often as desired Do not call label O For program section repeats enter the required number of repetitions e g 2 5 For subprogram calls enter O as the number of repetitions e g L1 0 or simply conclude with End O JUMP TO LABEL 0 NOT PERMITTED This jump LO ts not allowed LABEL NUMBER ALLOCATED Each label number except L O can be allocated set only once in a given program Page ry ere HEIDENHAIN P56 rog gvo TNC 2500B Jumps Within a Program Program section repeats Program section Once a program section has been executed it repeats can be executed again immediately This is called a program loop or program section repeat G98 A label number marks the beginning of the pro gram section which is to be repeated The end of the program section to be repeated is a designated by a call LBL CALL with the number with number of repetitions REP N22 G98 L2 A program section can be repeated up to 65534 N23 G00 G91 X 100 M99 ti N24 12 5 imes Jump direction A called program section repeat is always execut ed completely i e up to L A program jump is therefore only meaningful if it is a return jump Program run The control executes the main program along with the associated program section until the label numb
142. l Length differences Page P 12 Tool Definition The tool length is compensated with a single adjustment of the spindle axis by the length com pensation Compensation becomes effective after tool call and subsequent movement of the tool axis Compensation ends after a tool is called or with To To is called the zero tool and has a length of 0 The correct compensation value for the tool length can be determined on a tool pre setter or on the machine If the compensation value is to be determined on the machine then you must first enter the work piece datum When the compensation values are determined on the machine the zero tool serves as a reference The length differences Z or Z of the other clamped tools to this zero tool are programmed as tool length compensations lf a tool is shorter than the zero tool the difference is entered as a negative tool length compensation lf a tool is longer than the zero tool the difference is entered as a positive tool length compensation Preset tools If a tool pre setter is used all tool lengths are already known The effective compensation values correspond to the tool length and are entered with the correct signs according to a list Programming Modes HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Tool Definition O Tm Transferring tool length Tool lengths can be easily and quickly entered with the teach in function 1 Move the zero tool Tg to the work surf
143. l If the tool is moved relative to the work on a traverse straight line parallel to a machine axis this is 1D movements called paraxial positioning or machining 2D movements Movement in a main plane XY YZ ZX is called 2D movement z Straight lines and circles can be generated in the main planes with 2D movements 7 v 3D movements If the tool is moved relative to the workpiece on a straight line with simultaneous movement of all three machine axes it is called a 3D straight line Z 3D movements are required to generate oblique Y planes and bodies J ga Page ao HEIDENHAIN P24 Programming Modes TNC 2500B L Linear Movement Cartesian Positioning in rapid traverse GOO Positioning The tool is at the starting point and must travel on a Straight line to target point You always program the target point nominal position of straight lines Position can be entered in Cartesian or polar coordinates The first position in a program must always be entered as an absolute value The following posi tions can also be incremental values Example G99 T1 L 10 RS 3 tool definition Tool 1 has length 10 mm and radius 5 mm call T1 G17 200 Tool 1 is called in the spindle axis Z Spindle speed is 200 rpm Positioning block complete input main block Rapid traverse No radius compensation absolute dimensions Z is moved with tool length compensation Spindle clockwise G00 G40 G90 X 5
144. l must be adapted by machine parameters The transfer rate is set via the MOD function BAUD RATE Continue pressing until RS 232 C interface appears Select at the TNC c RS 232 C INTERFACE 4 Continue pressing until the EXT setting appears Terminate the MOD operating mode For standard data transfer e g to a printer you only have to enter the following machine parameters at the control MP 5030 O standard data transfer is selected MP 5020 e g 168 data format see External Data Transfer Machine parameters For blockwise transfer from a computer transfer software is required e g the data transfer software from HEIDENHAIN for personal computers For this operating mode you must set the following machine parameters MP 5030 1 blockwise transfer is selected MP 5020 e g 168 data format The following machine parameters determine the control character for description see External Data Transfer Machine parameters and are valid for the data transfer software from HEIDENHAIN If differ ent transfer software is used the machine parameters must be adapted correspondingly MP 5010 515 MP 5010 1 17736 MP 5010 2 16712 MP 5010 3 279 MP 5010 4 5382 MP 5010 5 4 When using the transfer software from HEIDENHAIN the data interface is normally set to FE Then the above machine parameters need not be entered Compare the interface descriptions of both
145. le datum point is the same as the machine datum point The machine datum is required for the following Setting the traverse range limits software limit switch Traversing to machine based positions such as tool change positions Setting the workpiece datum If the coordinates in positioning blocks are based on the machine datum enter M91 in these blocks Coordinates are displayed referenced to the machine datum with the coordinate display REF The machine builder can also define an additional machine based reference point The machine builder enters the distance from the machine datum to this additional machine reference point If the coordinates tn positioning blocks are based on this additional machine reference point enter M92 in these blocks F HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes TNC 2500B a Program Jumps Overview Jumping within The following Jumps can be made within a pro a program gram Examples Program section repeat L 4 3 Subprogram call L 7 0 Conditional jump D11 P01 Q5 P02 0 P03 12 Unconditional jump D09 P01 0 P02 0 P03 8 Nesting A further program section repeat or subprogram can be called up from within a program section repeat or subprogram Maximum nesting depth 8 levels Jumping to You can jump from one part program into any another other program which is in the control s memory Examples program or on an external data storage medium The j
146. le of rotation with G73 X coordinate of circle center pole Y coordinate of circle center pole Z coordinate of circle center pole Set label number with G98 Jump to label number Tool length with G99 ey i Miscellaneous functions Block number Cycle parameter in cycles Parameter in parameter definitions Program parameter Q Polar coordinate radius Circle radius with GO2 G03 G05 Rounding off radius with G25 G26 G27 Chamfer length with G24 Tool radius with G99 Spindle speed Tool definition with G99 Too call Linear movement parallel to X axis Linear movement parallel to Y axis Linear movement parallel to Z axis X axis Y axis Z axis End of block ial Page Programming Modes P 137 Page P 138 Parameter Definitions in ISO Reference Page Assign P 106 01 Addition P 106 02 Subtraction 03 Multiplication 04 Division P 106 P 107 Cosine C Root sum of squares c Va b P 107 6 gt Square root If equal jump P 109 If unequal jump lf greater jump If less Jump Angle of c sin a and c cos a P 108 HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes TNC 2500B G Codes Group Function Non modal Reference Page Linear interpolation Cartesian rapid traverse Path types Selection of working plane Chamfer corner rounding approach and departure Tool path compensation Unit of measure
147. led 2 origin or absolute zero point The coordinate axes represent mathematically ideal straight lines aa E with divisions the axes are termed X Y and Z L0 20 30 40 AEN Saw A ooe Ly a machine table Right You can easily remember the traversing direc hand tions with the right hand rule the positive direc rule tion of the X axis is assigned to the thumb that of the Y axis to the index finger and that of the Z axis to the middle finger ISO 841 specifies that the Z axis should be defined according to the direction of the tool spindle whereby the positive Z direction always i points from the workpiece to the tool z after the French mathematician Ren Descartes in Latin Renatus Cartesius 1596 1650 HEIDENHAIN General Information Page TNC 2500B A 15 Coordinates Datum Relative Part programs are always written with workpiece tool based coordinates X Y Z That is they are writ movement ten as if the tool moves and the workpiece remains still independent of the machine type If however the work support on a given machine actually moves in any axis then the direction of the coordinate axis and the direction of traverse will be opposite In such a case the machine axes are designated as X Y and Z Zero point of For the zero point of the coordinate system the coordinate the position on the workpiece which corresponds system to the datum of the part drawing is generally chose
148. letely defined by the G25 block and the points A positioning block con taining both coordinates of the machining plane should be programmed before and after the G25 block The G40 G41 G42 compensation must be identical before and after the G25 block A contour therefore cannot be started in a corner which is to be rounded Note The rounding arc can only be executed in the machining plane The machining plane must be the same in the positioning block before and after the rounding block The rounding radius cannot be too large or too small for inside corners it must fit between the contour elements and be machinable with the current tool The feed rate for corner rounding is effective blockwise The previously programmed feed rate is reactivated after the G25 block Programming The rounding arc is programmed as a separate block following the corner to be rounded Enter the rounding radius and a reduced feed rate F if needed The corner point itself is not traversed PLANE WRONGLY DEFINED The machining planes are not identical before and after the RND block Error messages ROUNDING RADIUS TOO LARGE The rounding is geometrically impossible HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Programming Modes MEN N The tool radius can be larger than the rounding radius on outside corners The tool radius must be smaller than or equal to the rounding radius on inside corners Page P 37 Ci
149. lot drilling Gbo The cycle Pilot drill the cutter infeed points at the starting points of the subcontours compensated by the finishing allowance Y For closed contour sequences resulting from mul tiple superimposed pockets and islands the infeed point is the starting point of the first sub contour This cycle must be called Cutter infeed point Input data The input values are identical to pecking enter a finishing allowance in addition Finishing allowance allowance for drilling posi tive value effective in the working plane The sum of the tool radius and the finishing allowance should be the same for pilot drilling and roughing out The tool must be at the setup clearance before calling the cycle D Finishing allowance R Tool radius Process The tool is automatically positioned over the first infeed point offset by the allowance The tool may have to be pre positioned to pre vent collision gt The drilling process is identical to the fixed cycle J pecking cycle 1 Subsequently the tool is positioned over the second infeed point at the programmed setup a clearance and the drilling procedure is repeated im YA Example N25 G56 P01 2 Setup clearance P02 20 Drilling depth P03 10 Pecking depth P04 40 Feed rate for infeed POS 1 Finishing allowance Be lib ay Programming Modes Page TNC 2500B g g P89 SL Cycles Contour milling
150. m number 17736 8 15 Eor any ASCII character It is sent in the command block for data input after the program number 5010 2 H or any ASCII character It is sent in the command block for data output prior to the program number A or any ASCII character It is sent in the command block for data output after the program number 5010 3 ETB or substitute character decimal code 1 47 is sent at the end of the command block SOH or substitute character decimal code 1 47 is sent at the beginning of the command block 5010 4 o SRN ACK or substitute character decimal code 1 47 positive acknowledgement It is sent when the data block is correctly received 8 15 NAK or substitute character decimal code 1 47 negative acknowledgement It is sent when the data block is Incorrectly transferred 5010 5 Oaet EOT or substitute character decimal code 1 47 EOT is sent at the end of the data transfer 4 1 The input values apply for the data transfer software from HEIDENHAIN MP 5010 0 This defines one character from the ASCII character code for the end of program and one for the start of program for external programming ASCII characters 1 47 are accepted End of program is sent at standard data interface and blockwise transfer Start of program is only sent at blockwise transfer Example End of program ETX BINARY code 0000001 1 Start of program STX BINARY co
151. mbine fixed cycles with a posi tioning block M functions spindle speed etc Example long format not recommended see example at right long block format N110 G75 P01 2 P02 20 P03 30 P04 100 POS X 50 P06 Y 20 P07 200 T1 G17 1000 G01 X 40 Y 30 F250 M03 G79 The short format however makes the pro gram easier to read This is especially impor tant for fixed cycles Example short format recommended N110 T1 G17 1000 N120 G01 X 40 Y 30 F250 M03 N130 G75 P01 2 P02 20 P03 30 P04 100 POS X 50 P06 Y 20 P07 200 N40 G79 Page HEIDENHAIN P2 Programming Modes TNC 2500B8 Editing Selecting a block Paging through the program Inserting a block Editing words HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Programming in ISO Editing functions The term editing means entering changing supplementing and checking programs The editing functions are helpful in selecting and changing program blocks and words and they become effective at the touch of a key The current block stands between two horizontal lines A specific block is selected with GOTO LI Initiate the dialog GOTO NUMBER a Key in and confirm the block number Vertical cursor keys select the next lower or next higher block number Hold down a vertical cursor key to continuously run through the program lines You can insert new blocks anywhere in existing programs Just call the block which ts to precede the n
152. mediately and remain effective until chan transformations ged HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Page P 65 Programming Modes Fixed Cycles Preparatory measures Prerequisites The following must be programmed before a cycle call e g M99 Tool call to specify the spindle axis and the spindle speed Positioning block to the starting position Dimensions In the cycle definition dimensions for the tool axes are to be entered incrementally referenced to the tool position at cycle call All infeeds must have the same sign usually negative Entering Enter all values as requested and confirm entry values with ENT You must respond to every dialog query by entering a value Conclude entry with END CI Page Programming Modes dest EE P 66 g g TNC 2500B Fixed Cycles Pecking G83 Function A hole is drilled with multiple infeeds each fol lowed by a complete retraction Input data Infeed value signs for negative working direction for positive working direction All infeeds must have the same sign Setup clearance A distance between tool tip starting position and workpiece surface Total hole depth B distance between the work piece surface and the bottom of the hole tip of the drill taper Pecking depth C the infeed per cut Dwell time the time the tool remains at the bot tom of the bore hole for chip breaking
153. mental rotary and angle encoders Absolute rotary encoders Digital readouts for retrofitting machine tools and display units Bye Mat nA ana A A i Se hse N NO Oe TNC contouring controls S E S KAAN OEA Rie D RAA a SAANA 3 SECRETS SONOS aS fr hn Hem WAIN YO Pe AEE rn MASE EO Ba H 10 A a a Ae A tn aaa Lb ot NGAN A HEIDENHAIN 424900 VUH ZLU LO Woe AN PONEO I GEIany OUDFECE UO aeration Working piane Tool axis 90 Working plane Reference axis 0 XY X y Z Tool radius compensation Contour Order of programmed Radius contour elements compensation inner clockwise CW G42 RR pocket counterclockwise CCW G41 RL clockwise CVV counterclockwise CCW outer G41 RL island G42 RR Cycles G effective effective after imme diately 83 Pecking 84 Tapping 74 Slot milling 75 76 Pocket milling Circular pocket Program call Define contour Pilot drilling Rough out Contour milling Datum shift Mirror image Rotation Scaling factor Dwell time Contour Cycles Program structure when machining with several tools List of contour subprograms G37 POI Drill define call Contour cycle pilot drilling G56 P01 Pre position cycle call Roughing cutter define cail l Contour cycle rough out G57 P01 Pre position cycle call Finishing cutter defi
154. mming and editing operating mode Select the axis from which the actual value is to He ee NOS N 4 X 2K be transferred NAO G28 X x NS 108 J Q EPER TRE N60 G73 GIB H 315 This axis position is transferred to memory by N 7Q G22 FO 8 x pressing the Capture actual position key N9999 74108 G 1 x PROGRAMMING AND EDITING Move the axis or axes via the axis keys Example Input Enter radius compensation if required Capture positions axis by axis Enter feed rate if required Enter miscellaneous function if required Conclude block Page s HEIDENHAIN P124 Programming Modes TNC 2500B Test Run In the Test run operating mode a machining program is checked for the following errors without machine movement e Overrunning the traversing range of the Ee n machine 47418 Gri x e Exceeding the spindle speed range pee eS Lto Rte e llogical entries e g redundant input of one axis GOG G40 G3Q X 10 Y 18 M Z e Failure to comply with elementary programming ese oe Y 2B rules e g cycle call without a cycle definition I 100 J Certain geometrical incompatibilities G73 G90 H 315 Testing Initiate the dialog the program PROGAM SELECTION f E Select the program to be tested PROGRAM NUMBER Key in and confirm the block number TO BLOCK NUMBER a up to which the test is to run Test the complete program No apparent _ lf
155. mpensa po direction tion G41 G42 the rotating direction determines whether the circle curves inward concave or outward convex In the adjacent figure GO2 produces a convex contour element GO3 a concave contour ele ment HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 2500B Programming Modes P 35 Input GO2 Program block Examples Arc A Arc B Arc C Arc D Circular Movement Cartesian Corner rounding with radius GO2 GO03 G02 X 80 Y 40 R 100 G99 T1 L 0 R 5 T1 G17 200 G01 G41 X 20 Y 60 F300 M03 G02 X 80 Y 60 R 50 G01 G41 X 20 Y 60 F300 M03 G02 X 80 Y 60 R 50 G01 G41 X 20 Y 60 F300 M03 G03 X 80 Y 60 R 50 G01 G41 X 20 Y 60 F300 M03 G03 X 80 Y 60 R 50 The position X 20 Y 60 is the start of arc in the examples the position X 80 Y 60 is the end of arc Circle Cartesian clockwise Endpoint of arc Radius positive sign Page E E HEIDENHAIN P 36 rogr M TES TNC 2500B Circular Movement Cartesian Corner rounding with radius R G25 Circular arc G25 Contour corners can be rounded with arcs The circle connects tangentially with the preceding and succeeding contour A rounding arc can be inserted at any corner formed by the intersection of the following con tour elements straight line straight line straight line circle or circle straight line circle circle Prerequisites Rounding is comp
156. n that is the point to which the part dimensioning ts referenced For reasons of safety the workpiece datum in the Z axis is almost always positioned at the highest point on the workpiece The datum position indicated in the drawing to the right is valid for all programming examples in this manual Machining operations in a horizontal plane require freedom of movement mainly in the positive X and Y directions Infeeds starting from the upper edge of the workpiece Z O correspond to negative position values Datum Setting The workpiece based rectangular coordinate system is defined when the coordinates of any datum P are known that is when the tool is moved to the datum position and the control sets the corresponding coordinates datum set ting Page General Information PEIDF RAAN A 16 RSN TNC 2500B Coordinates Absolute and incremental coordinates If a given point on the workpiece is referenced to the datum then one speaks of absolute coordi nates or absolute dimensions It is also possible to indicate a position which is referenced to an other known workpiece position in this case one speaks of incremental coordinates or incremental dimensions Absolute The machine is to be moved to a certain position dimensions or to certain nominal coordinates Example G00 G90 X 30 30 Dimensions in this manual are given as absolute Cartesian dimensions unless otherwise indicat
157. n it does not contain a basic rotation Initiate the dialog Select probing function CORNER DATUM 24 and enter First side face d Move the probe head to the first starting position Select the probing direction e g Y kb The probe head travels in the selected direction After touching the side face the probe head ts retracted to the starting position Traverse to the second starting position and probe in the same probing direction as described above Second side face Move the probe head to the third starting position X X Y Y Select the probing direction e g X The probe head travels in the selected direction After touching the side face the probe head is retracted to the starting position Traverse to the fourth starting position and probe in the same probing direction as described above Display corner coordinates A Enter the corner coordinates for Setting the AAE S X and Y if required e g X 0 Y 0 datum DATUM Y 0 a i Confirm entries HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B i Machine Operating Modes cH 3D Touch Probe a Circle center datum Determining the circle radius In the probing function Circle center datum the control computes the coordinates of the circle center and the circle radius on a clamped work piece with cylindrical surfaces The coordinates of the center can be used as the datum for subse quent machi
158. n when the coordinate remains unchanged from one block to the next If the additional axis is not specified the control traverses the main axes of the machining plane again Example linear interpolation with X and IV tool axis Z Rotary axes lf the additional axis is a rotary axis A B or C A B C axis the control registers the entered value in angular degrees During linear interpolation with one linear and one rotary axis the TNC interprets the programmed feed rate as the path feed rate That is the feed rate is based on the relative speed between the workpiece and the tool Thus for every point on the path the control computes a feed rate for the linear axis F and a feed rate for the angular axis Fw Pe Aa o v AL AW AW Fw FAW v AL AW where F programmed feed rate ae linear component of the feed rate axis slides Fw angular component of the feed rate rotary table AL lIinear axis displacement AW angular axis displacement M94 for The position display for rotary axes can be set via machine parameters for either rotary axes e 360 or i e max display value If is chosen as the measuring range the position display for rotary axes can be limited to values below 360 with M94 PIRENEA Programming Modes Page TNC 2500B g g P 29 Main planes Interpolation planes Oblique circles in space Page P 30 Circular Movement Cartes
159. nally reached The main program is then taken up again at the point immediately following the call L17 0 A subprogram call is considered executed when the first G98 LO is reached o N9999 12 G71 You can execute subprograms repeatedly with the nesting technique Subprogram 50 is called in a program section repeat This subprogram call is the only block in the program section repeat G98 LS L50 0 L5 9 Remember the subprogram will be executed one more time than the programmed number of repeats M2 If too many nesting levels were programmed the R G98 L50 oe a ee error message EXCESSIVE SUBPROGRAMMING ete en ed appears Programming Modes fig a Jumps Within a Program Example Hole pattern with several tools Task This task ts similar to the example of the group of four bores at three different positions see chapter Jumps Within a Program section Sub program except that here three different tools and machining processes are to be used Note You will find an explanation of the pecking and tapping cycles in the chapter Fixed cycles 183 G71 N10 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 20 N20 G31 G90 X 110 Y 100 Z 0 N30 G99 T25 L 0 R 2 5 N40 G99 T30 L 0 R 3 N50 G99 T35 L 0 R 43 5 Countersink N60 G83 P01 2 P02 3 P03 3 P04 0 POS 100 N70 T35 G17 S1000 N80 G00 G90 Z 50 M06 Tool change N90 L1 0 Call subprogram 1 Pecking N100 G83 P01 2 P02 25
160. nconditional jumps to a label with the parameter functions DO9 to D12 Example Decision criterion D09 P01 0 P02 0 P03 30 The condition is always fulfilled i e an unconditional jump is performed Programming Modes HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B D14 Error code D15 Print Q100 Q107 Q108 Tool radius Q109 Tool axis HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B and comparisons Parametric Programming Special functions You can call error messages and dialog texts of the machine tool builder from the PLC EPROM with D14 To call enter the error code number between 0 and 499 The error message terminates program run The program must be restarted after the error has been corrected The messages are allocated as follows _Error number Screen display 0 299 ERROR 0 ERROR 299 300 399 PLC ERROR 01 PLC ERROR 99 or dialog determined by the machine tool builder 400 483 DIALOG 1 83 or dialog determined by the machine tool builder 484 499 USER PARAMETER 15 0 or dialog determined by the machine tool builder Example D14 ERROR 100 This function outputs current Q parameter values through the RS 232 C serial interface You can also enter numerical values between O and 499 instead of Q parameters These values call error messages and dialog texts which are stored in the PLC EPROM and are allocated as with D14 You can enter com binations of up to six Q parameters and n
161. nd Z 40 The MAX point has the coordinates X100 Y100 and ZO To define a blank a program must be selected in the Programming and editing operating mode _ Blank form definition for MIN point Tool axis Z X coordinate Y coordinate Z coordinate Conclude block Blank form definition for MAX point Absolute dimensions p X coordinate Y coordinate Z coordinate Conclude block N10 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 15 N20 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 BLK FORM DEFINITION INCORRECT The MIN and MAX points are incorrectly defined or the machining program contains more than one blank definition or the side proportions differ too greatly PGM SECTION CANNOT BE SHOWN Wrong spindle axis is programmed AE OEN TAIN Programming Modes Page TNC 2500B gr g P9 Tool definition Tool number Tool definition in the part program Input Page P 10 Tool Definition Tool definition within the part program The control requires the tool length and tool radius to enable it to compute the tool path from the given work contour These data are programmed in the tool definition Whether the tools are defined decentralized in the appropriate part program or in a central tool file program Q is determined by a machine parameter Compensation values always refer to a certain tool which is designated by a number Valid tool numbers with automat
162. ne call Contour cycle contour milling G58 P0O1 Pre position cycle call End of main program return Mo2 Contour subprograms G98 G98 LO Coordinate Transformations Coordinate transformation Activate Datum shift G54 X 20 Y 30 Z 10 Mirror image G28 X Rotation G73 H 45 Scaling factor G72 FO 8 Cancel G54 X 0 Y 0 Z 0 Program Section Repeat Label number identifies G98 L2 program section to be repeated G00 G91 X 10 M99 Repeat five times execute six times L2 5 Subprogram Subprogram call L4 0 MOQ2 identicates end of main program and GOO G40 G90 Z 100 MO2 return to beginning of program Beginning of subprogram G98 L4 End of subprogram G98 LO Further subprograms Program call Ed Call another program with Helical interpolation 7 Z incremental advance P thread pitch Incremental value H 360 o Approach starting position Define pole Helical interpolation 1450 J 30 G13 G41 G91 H 2520 Z 12 Right hand thread Left hand thread Direction of rotation Working direction of tool axis negative positive outer inner outer G42 RR G42 RR G41 RL clockwise CW G41 RL G41 RL G42 RR counterclockwise CCW G41 RL G42 RR a Select program number EH Program 234 in mm 234 G71 Blank form definition G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 Tool definition G99 T1 L 0 R 5 Tool call TO
163. ne speeds and feed rates 4 Switch on machine l 5 Traverse reference points homing the machine Clamp workpiece With 3D Touch Probe M datum setting and compensation A of workpiece misalignment Manual Align workpiece insert zero tool mark workpiece and set datum Enter program via keyboard or from external storage Programming and editing Test program without axis movements Bu Test run Page Cross reference Workpiece drawing Workpiece coordinates A15 Spindle speed feed rate A20 diagrams Machine operating manual Switch on M1 Clamping instructions Duana Workpiece setup with the 3D Touch Probe Manual operation Machine handbook Tool change Back fold out page program example Programming and editing Programming Test run Graphic program simulation without axis movements Test run without tool in single block mode Program run single block Optimize program if necessary Programming and editing Programming Graphic simulation Program run Programming and editing Insert tool and machine workpiece pp automatic program run asi J Program run Full sequence Program run Operating Panel TNC 2500B with snap on keypad Machine Operating Modes Manual operation Electronic handwnheel Positioning with manual d
164. ng gauge four times the control automatically switches to the Manual operation or Handwheel operating modes Display You can display the value for effective radius by selecting Calibration effective radius again Error All touch probe systems Touch probe system TS 511 mMESSaJes TOUCH POINT INACCESSIBLE PROBE SYSTEM NOT READY The stylus was not deflected within the Probe system not set up correctly or transmis measuring distance machine parameter sion path was interrupted The transmitter and receiver window i e the side STYLUS ALREADY IN CONTACT with two windows must be pointed towards the The stylus was already deflected at the start transmitter receiver unit HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 2500B Machine Operating Modes M 5 3D Touch Probe Reference surface Position measurement The position of a surface on the clamped work piece is determined with the probing function Surface datum Functions Setting the reference plane Measuring positions Measuring distances Measuring Initiate the dialog positions Select probing function and enter SURFACE DATUM Move to the starting position X X Y Y Z LZ C C Select the traversing direction e g Z a Move the probe head tn negative Z f direction The probe head is retracted in rapid traverse to the starting position after touching the surface Measured value DATUM Z 18 125 The control displa
165. ng pads E and enabling switch F HR 130 HR 330 Page General Information A7 Selecting Terminating Vacant memory Programming and editing Baud rate RS 232 C interface NC software number PLC software number User parameters Code number MOD Functions In addition to the main operating modes the TNC has supplementary operating modes or so called MOD functions These permit additional displays and settings Initiate the dialog elect MOD functions either via arrow keys or via the MOD key only paging forward possible VACANT MEMORY 160044 d Terminate supplementary operating mode LIMIT X 350 000 Transfer numerical inputs with the ENT key before terminating the MOD functions The number of free characters in the program memory is displayed with the MOD function VACANT MEMORY You can use this MOD function to switch the control between conversational format HEIDENHAIN and ISO format ISO Switchover is performed with the ENT key The transfer rate for the data interface is specified with BAUD RATE The data interfaces can be switched via RS 232 C interface to the following operating modes with the ENT key e ME operation FE operation EXT operation operation with other external devices The software number of the TNC control is displayed with this MOD function The softwar
166. ngs for three different peripheral devices are permanently stored in the TNC selectable via MOD FE for HEIDENHAIN FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit ME for HEIDENHAIN ME magnetic tape unit EXT external devices Interface defined by the machine manufacturer or user via machine parameters to connect a non HEIDENHAIN device such as a printer computer etc External Programs can also be written externally programming Observe the programming rules in this manual and the following instructions At the start of program and after every program block CR LF or LF or CR FF or FF must be pro grammed After the end of program block CR LF or LF or CR FF or FF and also ETX Control C must be pro grammed Any character can be substituted for ETX Spaces between single words can be omitted Trailing zeros can be omitted During read in of NC programs comments that are marked with or are ignored CR LF at the start of program and CR LF or LF or FF after every block are not required for blockwise transfer This function is assumed by the control characters HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 2500B Programming Modes P 129 Read in read out Bar eae Ft CHERI e Transfer menu Interrupting the data transfer Transfer TNC TNC Page P 130 External Data Transfer Transfer menu Part programs can be read out or read in by the control For example the Read in program
167. ning All nominal positions are then referenced to this point i The Basic rotation probing function must be carried out prior to Circle center datum Bore Position the probe head in the bore with the _ Circular pocket remote axis direction keys 4 different positions are then touched by pressing the machine START button Outer cylinder On workpieces with cylindrical outer surfaces the probing directions must be specified for each of the four points HEIDENHAIN Page p TNC 2500B Machine Operating Modes M 11 3D Touch Probe Circle center datum Determining the circle radius Initiate the dialog CIRCLE CENTER DATUM Select the probing function Move the probe head to the first y starting position 3 Select the probing direction if required eg X i Probe head travels in the selected direction After touching face the probe head is retracted to the starting position Traverse to the second and third starting positions and probe in different directions as described above AF A Ir Y Display E Select the probing direction if required B e g Y The probe head travels in the selected lt direction The probe head is retracted to the starting position after touching the side face Move the probe head to the fourth Starting position X 54 3 Y 21 576 Coordinates o
168. ogram run can be halted by one of the following functions A new start can be made by pressing the machine start button Program run STOP nput 7 N15 G38 Program run is stopped in block 15 A block with program run halt G38 can also contain an M function or G38 comes at the end of a posi tioning block e Program stop and according to ISO also spindle stop and coolant off Return to block 1 of the program Program stop and according to ISO also spindle stop and coolant off Program stop and according to ISO also spindle stop coolant off and tool change Program stops only when set accordingly by machine parameter The function G04 Dwell time can be used during program run to delay execution of the next block for the programmed time period see Other cycles Note 5o o The program resumes running after the dwell time runs out Base bah Programming Modes Pago TNC 2500B P 21 Contour elements Generating the workpiece contour Example Abbreviated input Example Page P 22 Path Movements Inout The coordinates which you enter must describe the shape of the workpiece not the path of the tool center The control compensates for the tool radius and computes the centerline of the tool path required to machine the programmed contour You program as if the tool is always moving and the workpiece is always stationary regardless of the actual design of you machine tool The p
169. on DO2 Subtraction D03 Multiplication DO4 Division DOS Square root Sign for operands Parametric Programming Algebraic functions This function assigns to a parameter either a numerical value or another parameter The assignment corresponds to an equal sign This function defines a specific parameter to be the sum of two parameters two numbers or one parameter and one number This function defines a specific parameter to be the difference between two parameters two numbers or one parameter and one number This function defines a specific parameter to be the product of two parameters two numbers or one parameter and one number This function defines a specific parameter to be the quotient of two parameters two numbers or one parameter and one number Division by 0 is not permitted This function defines a specific parameter to be the square root of one parameter or one number The operand must be positive Parameters with negative signs can also be used Q11 5 Q34 Example D00 Q05 P01 65 432 D00 QOS PO Q12 D00 Q05 P01 Q13 D01 Q17 P01 Q2 P02 5 D01 Q17 P01 5 P02 7 D01 Q17 P01 5 P02 Q12 D01 Q17 P01 Q4 P02 Q8 D01 Q17 P01 Q17 P02 Q17 D02 Q11 POL 5 P02 34 D02 Q11 P01 5 P02 7 D02 Q11 POL 5 P02 Q12 D02 Q11 P01 Q4 P02 Q8 D02 Q11 P01 Q11 P02 Q11 D03 Q21 P01 Q1 P02 60 D03 Q21 P01 5 P02 7 D03 Q21 P01 5
170. pocket Pecking depth C distance by which the tool penetrates the workpiece The signs for setup clearance milling depth and pecking depth are ail the same usually negative Feed rate for pecking F traversing speed of the tool at penetration 1 side length D pocket length parallel to the first main axis of the machining plane The sign is P always positive 2 side length E pocket width the sign is Z always positive Feed rate F traversing speed of the tool in the machining plane Direction of the milling path Climb milling down cut G75 counterclockwise down cut milling with M3 Conventional milling up cut G76 clockwise up cut milling with M3 Starting The starting position S pocket center must be position approached without radius compensation in a preceding positioning block Process The tool penetrates the work from the starting position pocket center The cutter then follows the programmed path at feed rate Fo The starting direction of the cutter is the positive axis direction of the longer side i e if this longer side is parallel to the X axis the cutter starts in the positive X direction The cutter always starts in the positive Y direction on square pockets HEIDENHAIN R Page TNC 2500B Programming Modes P73 Fixed Cycles Rectangular pocket milling G75 G 6 Process The milling direction depends on the program ming here
171. puted and no transi tion arc is generated for the end position so the tool is always moved to a point perpendicular to the contour at its end point The previous compensation ts reactivated auto matically in the following block Position is approached perpendicularly to The contour is thus completely machined at and G01 G41 X0 Y26 F100 X 20 Y 26 X 20 Y 0 M98 X 50 Y 0 X 50 Y 26 X 60 Y 26 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 G99 T1 L 0 R 5 T1 G17 200 G00 G90 Z 50 Pre positioning G42 X 70 Y 10 M03 Z 10 Tool axis infeed G01 Y 110 F200 M98 Mill one pass G00 Z 20 Second tool axis infeed G01 G41 Y 110 F200 Pre positioning Y 10 M98 Mill second pass G00 Z 50 Retract HEIDENHAIN Programming Mod TNC 2500B diis A Standard behaviour Scale datum Machine datum M91 Additional machine reference point M92 Page P 54 Predetermined M Functions Programming machine based coordinates M91 M92 Coordinates in positioning blocks are based on the workpiece datum The position of the scale datum is determined by the reference marks If the scale has only one refer ence mark then the reference mark is the scale datum If the scale has several distance coded reference marks then the leftmost reference mark is scale datum beginning of the measuring length With the TNC 360 the sca
172. rameter is computed as the square root of the sum of squares of two numbers or parame ters LEN length Q3 V 045 30 D08 Q3 P01 Q45 P02 30 Programming Modes HEIDENHAIN Angles from line segments or trigonometric functions Unambiguous angle D13 Angle HEIDENHAIN TNC 25008 Parametric Programming Trigonometric functions According to the definitions of the angular func tions either the angular functions sin a and cos a or the lengths of sides a and b can be used to determine tan a sna a cosa b tan a The angle a is therefore sin a a qa arc tan arc tan Q cos a b ae A wt If the value of sin a or the side a is known two possible angles always result Example sin a 0 5 a 30 and a 150 To determine angle a unambiguously the value for cos a or side b is required If this value is known an unambiguous angle a is the result Example sin a 0 5 and cos a 0 866 a 430 sin a 0 5 and cos a 0 866 a 150 This function assigns to a parameter the angle from a sine and cosine function or from the two legs of the right angled triangle sna a o9 cosa b 866 5 t mee q arc tan lsc D13 Q11 P01 5 P02 8 66 tan a Programming Modes Page P 109 If then jump Program call Equation DOS Inequalities D10 D11 gt D12 lt
173. rcular Movement Cartesian Corner rounding with radius R G25 Input G25 Corner rounding Rounding radius A separate feed rate can be entered and is only effective for this rounding Program block G25 R8 F100 Examples G99 Ti L 0 R 5 i T1 G17 S200 Sequence A G01 G41 X 10 Y 60 F300 M03 Position X 50 Y 60 Corner point 6 os G25 R7 Rounding 9 D N X 90 Y 50 Position B 7 NS G gt Sequence B G01 G42 X 10 Y 60 F300 M03 Position X 50 Y 60 Corner point G25 R7 Rounding 7 X 90 Y 50 Position pee Programming Modes ROEE Circular Movement Cartesian Tangential arc with end point X Y GOO Circular arc G06 A circular arc can be programmed more easily if it connects tangentially to the preceding contour The circular arc is defined by merely entering the arc endpoint with GO6 Geometry An arc with tangential connection to the contour is exactly defined by its endpoint This arc has a specific radius a specific direction of rotation and a specitic center This data need not therefore be programmed Prerequisites The contour element which connects tangentially to the circle is programmed immediately before the tangential arc Both coordinates of the same machining plane must be programmed in the block for the tangential arc and in the preceding block Tangent The tangent is specified by both positions and directly preceding the
174. recommend displaying the workpiece with Fast data image process ing or in the quicker Plan view with depth indication first and then switching to the SD view or the View tn three planes Displaying details The following aids are available if fine details are to be examined Trim the blank and magnify in an additional graphic program run Restrict the blank detail to the section of interest Tool call A tool call must be programmed with T prior to the first axis movement to designate the tool axis Specifying the spindle axis in the BLK FORM definition does not suffice for the graphic program run Both entries for the axis must be the same If the tool axis is not given an error message appears after starting the graphics Page HEIDENHAIN P 128 Programming Modes TNC 2500B External Data Transfer General information The control has one data interface for read in or output of programs The data format complies with the following standard RS 232 C ISO The data interface can function in two different manners Blockwise transfer for the HEIDENHAIN FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit and compatible computers Standard data transfer for the HEIDENHAIN ME magnetic tape unit or for a printer punch reader etc no longer in production Device The TNC can be adapted to various peripheral devices via machine parameters which can be accessed adaptation as user parameters The setti
175. red in the control from any machining program another main This allows you to create your own fixed cycles with parametric programming _ program Program the call with a key Calling The program to be called cannot contain MO2 or M30 In the called program do not program a jump criteria back to the original program creates an endless loop Only one BLK FORM can exist Too numbers may be assigned only once Process The control executes main program 1 up to the program call 28 Then a jump is made to main program 28 Main program 28 is executed from beginning to 1 G71 end Then a return jump is made to main program 1 Main program 1 is resumed with the block follow ing the program call N9999 1 G71 Example 1 E 10 Call with a separate program line Example 2 The program to be called can also be specified with a cycle definition The call then functions like a fixed cycle G39 POI 12 Call e g via M99 see Cycle G39 Conditional A label call can be made dependent on a mathematical condition see Parametric Programming jumps Overview Basic functions Page HEIDENHAIN P 64 Programming Modes TNC 2500B Standard Cycles Introduction Overview Standard cycles To facilitate programming frequently recurring machining sequences drilling and milling jobs and certain coordinate transformations are pre programmed as standard cycles Machine The mac
176. rogrammable contours are composed of the contour elements straight line and circle To be able to compute the workpiece contour the control must be given the individual contour ele ments Since each program block specifies the next step the following information is required straight line or circle the coordinates of each end point additional information such as circle center contour radius etc The following is an example of positioning block input for a straight line Selection of type of movement e g linear Cartesian Input No radius compensation RQ or radius compensation left RL or radius compensation right RR First coordinate Absolute or incremental Coordinate and value Next coordinate Feed rate M function Conclude block N20 G01 G40 G90 X 20 Z 10 G91 Y 30 F100 M03 Linear Cartesian no radius compensation G40 absolute to X 20 Z 10 incremental to Y 30 with feed rate 100 and spindle on clockwise G functions for example G01 G40 G90 feed rates and some M functions are modal that is they remain active until they are cancelled or replaced with another function of the same type N20 G01 G40 G90 X 20 F100 M03 N30 Y 30 Programming Mod HEIDENHAIN i aia TNC 2500B Path Movements Overview of path functions Input Function in Cartesian in polar coordinates coordinates Straig
177. rter circle with R 30 is formed Different tangents Arc A G01 G41 X 10 Y 80 F300 M03 X 50 G06 X 90 Y 40 Arc B G01 G41 X 10 Y 60 F300 M03 x X 50 Y 80 G06 X 90 Y 40 Arc C G01 G41 X 50 Y 110 F300 M03 Page p ina Mod HEIDENHAIN P 40 rogramming Modes E TNC 2500B Y 80 G06 X 90 Y 40 Polar Coordinates Fundamentals The control also allows you to enter nominal positions in polar coordinates In polar coordinates the points in a plane are specified by the polar radius R distance to the pole and the polar angle H angular direction The pole position is entered with the J K keys in Cartesian coordinates based on the workpiece datum Angle The angle reference axis O axis is the reference X axis in the XY plane axis Y axis in the YZ plane Z axis in the ZX plane The machining plane e g XY plane is deter mined by a tool call The sign of the angle H can be seen in the adjac ent figure Absolute polar Absolute dimensions are based on the current coordinates pole Example G11 G90 R 50 H 40 Incremental polar A polar coordinate radius entered incrementally coordinates changes the last radius Example G11 G91 R 10 An incremental polar coordinate angle IPA refers to the last direction angle Example G11 G91 H 15 Mixing Absolute and incremental coordinates may be mixed within one block Example G11 G90 R 50 G91
178. rting and end position Approach The starting position must be programmed without radius compensation t e with G40 C The control guides the tool in a straight line from the uncompensated position to the compensat ed position of contour point The tool center is then located perpendicular to the start of the first radius compensated contour element G 41 RL SOF 40 RO a Departure At a transition from G41 G42 to G40 the control positions the tool center in the last radius com pensated block G41 perpendicular to the end of the last contour section Then the next uncompensated position is approached with G40 Approaching If radius compensation is begun from S1 the tool from an will damage the contour at the first contour point unsuitable if no extra measures are taken position Departure The same applies when departing from the contour HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 2500B Programming Modes P49 Approach and departure on an arc G26 G27 Approach Departure Approach arc departure arc Feed rate Program scheme Notes Page P 50 Contour Approach and Departure on a circle with radius R G26 G27 The TNC enables you to automatically approach and depart from contours on a circular path Begin programming with the G26 or G27 key The too moves from the starting position ini tially on a straight line and then on a tangentially connected arc to the programmed
179. ry TOTAL HOLE DEPTH gt B Specify hole depth Enter the sign correctly normally negative PECKING DEPTH Specify pecking depth Eg Enter the sign correctly Enter the dwell time at the bottom of the UIs a or ee E hole zero for no dwell time FEED RATE F Enter the feed rate for pecking ba Confirm entry The signs for setup clearance total hole depth and pecking depth are all the same normally negative Page HEIDENHAIN P 68 Programming Modes TNC 25008 Fixed Cycles Pecking G83 Remarks The total hole depth can be programmed equal to the pecking depth The tool then traverses in one work step to the programmed depth e g for centering The total depth need not be a multiple of the pecking depth In the last work step the tool will only be advanced the remaining distance to the programmed hole depth e f the specified pecking depth is greater than the total hole depth drilling is only performed to the programmed total hole depth 2 ANA RAA EK NSS The above also applies to other fixed cycles SS YT S Example Drill 2 holes depth 20 mm with the standard pecking cycle G99 T1 L 0 R3 Tool definition T1 G17 200 and call G83 POI 2 Setup clearance P02 20 Total depth P03 10 Pecking depth P04 2 Dwell time POS 80 Feed rate G00 G40 X 20 Y 30 M03 Pilot positioning spindle on Z 2 M99 1 hole cycle call
180. s TNC 2500B ii j d Programming Modes P Programmed Probing Overview G55 Example Measuring length and angle Teach In General information Transfer menu Connecting cable Pin assignment for RS 232 C Peripheral devices FE floppy disk unit Non HEIDENHAIN devices Machine parameters Address letters in ISO 120 121 Zo 125 126 Programming Modes HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Introduction Programs Switching between conversational and ISO programming Program input Program beginning Programming in ISO Fundamentals The individual work steps on a conventional machine tool must be initiated by the operator On an NC machine the numerical control assumes computation of the tool path coordina tion of the feed movements on the machine slides and generally also monitors the spindle speed The control receives the information for this in form of a program in which the machining of the workpiece is described This program can be considered a work plan Programming means creating and entering a work plan in a form which ts understood by the control The control can store up to 32 programs HEIDENHAIN or ISO with a total of 4000 blocks HEIDENHAIN dialog One part program can contain up to 1000 blocks Individual programs are identified by program numbers The control is switched to conversational or ISO programming via the MOD functions see index
181. se counter clockwise and the selected radius compensation G41 produce an inside contour pocket The contour Is contained in the subprogram with pro gram section repeat Roughing out With the SL cycle contour geometry G37 you can write a parameter program as an SL subpro gram and execute this with the SL cycle rough out G57 by selecting an appropriate incremen tal angle Error message TOO MANY SUBCONTOURS If the incremental angle Aa QO selected for roughing out is too small the control calculates too many short straight lines which are interpret ed as excessive subcontours af Remedy A relatively large incremental angle e g Q0 10 suffices for roughing out Finishing For subsequent finishing the subprogram is exe cuted in the conventional manner with a finer incremental angle e g Q1 1 Note This program works with only one tool It can be expanded to use a roughing cutter for roughing out G57 and a finishing cutter for finishing G58 G59 Also a center cut end mill ISO 1641 is required or cycle G56 is to be applied for pilot drilling h oa HEIDENHAIN l Page TNC 2500B Programming Mo
182. sible applications Input range Cycle definition Example Page s d P 10 Other Cycles Dwell time G04 In a program which is being run the next block will be executed only after the end of the pro grammed dwell time Modal conditions such as spindle rotation are not affected The dwell cycle is active immediately upon defini tion without being called For example chip breaking can easily be pro grammed with a dwell cycle after every drilling Step The dwell time is specified in seconds Input range O to 30000 s 8 3 hours Initiate the dialog DWELL TIME IN SECS G04 F0 5 a Enter desired dwell time in seconds onclude block Programming Modes HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B The cycles G39 Entering the cycle selection Example Cross reference Drilling with chip breaking HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Program call G39 Other Cycles Machining procedures that you have programmed such as special drilling cycles curve milling or geometry modules can be created as callable main programs and be used like fixed cycles They can be called from any program with a cycle call They can thus help speed up programming and improve safety since you are using proven modules A callable program defined as a cycle more or less becomes a fixed cycle It can be called with G79 separate block or M99 blockwise or M89 modally Initiate the
183. stored with the FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit The storage medium is a normal 3 1 2 inch dis kette capable of storing up to 256 programs and a total of approximately 25000 program blocks Programs can be transferred from the TNC to diskette or vice versa Programs written at off line programming stations can also be stored on diskette with the FE 401 and read into the control as needed In the case of extremely long programs which exceed the storage capacity of the TNC the FE 401 can be used to transfer a program blockwise into the control while simultaneously executing It A second diskette drive is provided for backing up stored programs and for copying purposes FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit with two drives 3 1 2 inch diskette double sided 135 TPI approx 790 KB 25000 blocks max 256 programs Two RS 232 C data interfaces TNC interface 2400 9600 19 200 38 400 baud PRT interface 110 150 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 19 200 38 400 baud Data storage medium Storage capacity Data interface Transfer rate The control can be equipped with an electronic handwheel for better machine setup Two ver sions of the electronic handwheel are available Designed to be incorporated into the machine control unit The axis of control is selected at the machine control panel Includes keys for axis selection A axis direc tion B rapid traverse C emergency stop D magnetic holdi
184. t contour point G41 G42 End point G40 Page P 16 Cutter Path Compensation Working with radius compensation Change the tool and call the compensation values with TOOL CALL Traverse rapidly to the starting point At the same time lower Z to the working depth if danger of collision first traverse in X Y then separately in Z This compensates for the tool length The radius compensation still remains switched off with G40 Traverse to contour point with radius compen sation G41 RL or G42 RR at reduced feed rate Program the following contour points to at milling feed rate Since the radius compensation remains unchanged there is no further need to enter G41 or G42 until point After a complete circulation the last contour point is identical to the first contour point and is still radius compensated The end point outside the contour must be pro grammed without compensation with G40 to complete machining To prevent collisions retract only in the machining plane to cancel the radius compensation Then back off the tool axis separately Programming Modes HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B G43 R G44 R Effect G43 G44 Example Display Mixing G01 and x HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 2500B Programming Modes P17 Pre positioning for the slot cycle Cutter Path Compensation Radius compensation G43 G44 By entering G43 R or G44 R
185. th the vertical cursor keys You can switch between a scaled and non scaled view The short height or side is shown with a better resolution in the nonscaled view You can magnify a detail of the displayed work with the MAGN key A wire model with a hatched surface appears next to the graphic This marks the sectional plane You can select a different sectional plane with the vertical cursor keys You can trim the selected plane or cancel the section with the horizontal cursor keys Once the desired detail is displayed select the dialog TRANSFER DETAIL ENT with the vertical cursor keys and confirm with the ENT key The remaining workpiece is displayed on the screen with MAGN Another graphic simulation of machining of the magnified detail can be executed in the plan view the view in three planes or the 3D view via the START key BevauapSISAApI bape GRAPHICS l j jl l Ma i W mn able ie Wi at A jt Hl if ile ul Wh HEIDENHAIN eee er ee Page TNC 2500B POSS Tere P 127 Graphic Simulation GRAPHICS You can restore the complete blank with the BLK FORM key and restart simulation with START Tips The 3D view and View in three planes are especially realistic but they require extensive computing For long programs we therefore
186. th G41 or G42 in a positioning block W G01 G02 etc or a movement in the active 7 i 7 interpolation plane Compensation ends with a 4 Hr s7 positioning block which contains G40 If the tool travels with path compensation i e the tool center path is offset by the programmed tool radius the tool follows a path parallel to the con tour at the distance of the tool radius The pro grammed feed rate applies to the center path Outside corners The control inserts a transition curve for the center path of the tool at outside corners so the tool rolls around the corner In most cases the tool is thus guided at a constant path speed around the outside corner Automatic decleration at corners If the programmed feed rate is too high for the transition curve the path speed is reduced which produces a more precise corner The limit value is permanently programmed in the control machine parameter Inside corners The control automatically determines the intersection S of the two cutter paths parallel to the contour equidistant at inside corners This prevents back cutting in the contour the work is not damaged The control thus shortens traversing distances according to the tool radius in use The radius of the tool must always be chosen so that every contour element even when shortened can be machined Page Programming Modes Bia Lees hase P14 g Bore TNC 2500B Cutter Path Compensation
187. th several tools Overlapping pockets with islands Interior machining with pilot drilling roughing finishing 7210 G71 N10 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 N20 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 N30 G99 T1 L 0 R 2 2 N40 G99 T2 L 0 R43 NSO G99 T3 L 0 R 2 5 N60 G37 P01 1 P02 2 P03 3 P04 4 N70 G98 L10 N80 TO G17 N90 G00 G90 Z 20 N100 G40 X 20 Y 20 N110 G98 LO N120 M06 N130 T1 G17 S100 N140 G56 P01 2 P02 20_ P03 5 P04 500 P05 2 N150 Z 2 N160 G79 M03 N170 L10 0 N180 M06 N190 T2 G17 100 N200 G57 P01 2 P02 20 P03 5 P04 500 POS 2 P06 0 P07 500 N210 Z 2 N220 G79 M03 N230 L10 0 N240 M06 N250 T3 G17 500 N260 G59 P01 2 P02 20 P03 5 P04 100 P05 500 N270 Z 2 N280 G79 M03 N290 L10 0 N300 G00 G40 Z 20 M02 N305 G98 L1 N310 G41 X 35 Y 25 N320 35 J 50 N340 G03 X 35 Y 25 N350 G98 LO N360 G98 L2 N370 G01 G41 X 65 Y 25 N380 I 65 J 50 N390 G03 X 65 Y 25 N400 G98 LO N410 G98 L3 N420 G01 G42 X 35 Y 42 N430 X 43 N440 Y 58 N450 X 27 N460 Y 42 N470 X 35 N480 G98 LO N490 G98 L4 N500 G01 G42 X 65 Y 42 N510 X 73 N520 X 65 Y 58 N530 X 57 Y 42 N540 X 65 N550 G98 LO N9999 7210 G71 Drill Roughing cutter Finishing cutter Tool change Pilot drilling Roughing out Finishing Retract and return jump to beginning of program Left pocket R
188. the datum set in the Manual operating mode The machine axis moves as long as the corre sponding external axis direction button is held down Several axes can be driven simultaneously in the jog mode If the machine START button is pressed simulta neously with an axis direction button the select ed machine axis continues to move after the two buttons are released Movement is stopped with the external STOP button The traverse speed feed rate is preset by machine parameters and can be varied with the feed rate override F of the control If a block number increment between 1 and 255 is selected see index M General Information user parameter MP 7220 the block number can be omitted since it is generated automatically by pressing a function key Enter the block number Enter spindle speed S e g 1000 N10 S 1000 On machines with continuously variable spindle drives the speed can also be varied with the spindle override S Enter the block number Enter the M function e g M03 N10 M03 It is also possible to enter both spindle speed and miscellaneous function M in one block N10 S1000 M03 HEIDENHAIN Machine Operating meee TNC 2500B lt 1 Using the touch probe for setup Probing functions Calibration Terminating the probing functions Process HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B 3D Touch Probe Datum setting with probe
189. the last valid datum which can itself be shifted Refer to the lower figure Cancelling A datum shift is cancelled by entering the datum the shift shift XO YO ZO Only the shifted axes have to be entered G54 X 0 Y 0 Z 0 Absolute datum shift Incremental datum shift Page Be HEIDENHAIN P94 a g TNC 2500B Coordinate Transformations Datum shift G54 Selecting Input the cycle i x Select the axis and coordinate of the 7 a new datum The datum shift is possible in all four axes Conclude block Example A machining task is to be carried out as a subprogram a referenced to the set datum X 0 Y 0 and b additionally referenced to the shifted datum X 40 Y 60 54 G71 N10 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 N20 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 N30 G99 T1 L 0 R 5 f N40 T1 G17 200 N50 LI1 0 Without datum shift N60 G54 X 40 Y 60 N70 L1 0 With datum shift N80 G54 X 0 Y 0 Datum shift reset 7 N90 G00 Z 50 M02 Subprogram N100 G98 LI N110 G00 G40 X 10 Y 10 M03 N120 Z 2 N130 G01 Z 5 F100 N140 G41 X 0 Y 0 F500 N150 Y 20 N160 X 25 N170 X 30 Y 15 N180 Y 0 N190 X 0 N200 G40 X 10 Y 10 N210 G00 Z 2 N220 G98 LO N9999 54 G71 HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes Page TNC 2500B g g P 95 Coordinate Transformations Mirror image G28 The cycle The direction of an axis is reversed
190. the program contains no apparent errors the program test runs until the entered block number is errors reached or a Jump is made back to the start of program if no G38 STOP or MOG was programmed G38 MO06 If a G38 or MO6 was programmed the test can be continued by entering a new block number or by pressing the NO ENT key _ Error If an error ts found the program test is stopped The error is usually located in or before the stopped block An error message is displayed on the screen The program test can be halted with the DEL OU key and aborted at any time HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes Page TNC 2500B g g P 125 Fast data image processing Plan view with depth indication View in three planes Page P 126 Graphic Simulation Machining programs can be simulated graphically and checked in the Program run operating modes Full sequence and Single block if a blank has been previously defined G30 G3 More information on the definition of the blank can be found in the section Program Selection Blank form definition After selecting a program the menu shown at the right is displayed by pressing the GRAPHICS MOD key twice One of the versions of the graphic presentations can be selected with the vertical cursor keys and entered with the ENT key The graphic simulation or internal computation is started with the START key With Fast
191. the sign of the rotating direction should be the same In the figure to the right this means that H is negative and the direction of rotation is also negative G12 Range for Input range for circle interpolation polar angle absolute or incremental 5400 to 5400 Example An arc with radius 35 and circle center X 50 Y 60 is to be milled Rotating direction is clockwise Program G99 T1 L 0 RS T1 G17 S200 50 J 60 Coordinates of circle center Z S F100 Plunge G11 G41 R 35 H 210 F200 M3 Approach circle circle radius is 35 mm G12 H 0 F300 Circular movement clockwise In the example a contour radius of 35 mm is obtained from the distance between the POLE and the approach point on the circle Page HEIDENHAIN P 44 Programming Modes TNC 2500B cT P Polar Coordinates Tangential arcs G16 RND Corner rounding G25 Tangential arc The endpoints of tangential arcs may be entered G16 in polar coordinates to simplify the programming of for example cams The start of the arc is automatically tangential when programming with G16 If the transition points are not calculated exactly the arc elements could become jagged Specify the pole CC before programming in polar coordinates Example A straight line through and is to tangentially meet the arc to The radius and direction angle of with respect to I J K are known
192. tive Block number increment 7220 O to 255 Switching of dialog language 7230 O gt First dialog language German English 1 gt Second dialog language English Inhibit PGM input for O gt Inhibited PGM no user cycle no 1 gt Uninhibited O gt No central tool file 1 to 99 Central tool file Input value Number of tools Central tool file Display of the current feed rate 7270 O gt No display before start in the manual 1 gt Display operating modes same feed rate in all axes i e smallest programmable feed rate Decimal character QO Decimal comma 1 gt Decimal point Display increment Clearing the status display and O gt Status display is not cleared the Q parameters with M02 M30 1 gt Status display is cleared and end of program Graphics display mode Switch over projection type O 0 gt Preferred German display in 3 planes 1 gt Preferred American Rotate the coordinate system 1 0 gt No rotation in the machining plane by 90 2 gt Coordinate system rotated by 90 Page G i Inf ti HEIDENHAIN A12 enera ormation TNC 2500B Machining and program run HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B User Parameters Function Scaling cycle is effective on 2 axes or 3 axes SL cycles for milling pockets with irregular contour Rough out cycle direction for pilot milling of contour Rough out
193. tract Reset datum Computations Z components Radius components Condition if current 3D angle O20 is greater than or less than end 3D angle Q2 then jump to 1 Subprogram 2 blocks N210 to N480 is written as a separate program 2 Lines N210 and N480 are not required Subprogram 3 blocks N490 to N540 is written in place of block N260 3 The user need only write the surrounding program blocks N10 to N200 and then call the cycle in block N190 PGM CALL Page ee ee HEIDENHAIN P 118 rogn Ing TNC 2500B Parametric Programming Example Sohere Machining Program 7816 can also be used to machine sections of a hemisphere by limiting the plane angles and sections of a 3D angles hemisphere The graphic always shows the surface as cut by a cylindrical end mill Roughing Finishing End mill R 12 mm Spherical cutter R 3 mm 3D angle increment 4 3D angle increment 1 itty it Dii Hi I ty i Bs RH apa t HM nae T i i lu i
194. traversing speed of the tool during penetration 1 side length D slot length finished size Sign depends on the first direction of cut parallel to the longitudinal axis of the slot 2 side length E slot width maximum 4 times the tool radius finished size Feed rate traversing speed of the tool in the machining plane Roughing e The tool penetrates the work from the starting process position The slot is then milled in the longitudinal direc tion After downfeed at the end of the slot mil ling is in the opposite direction Jhe procedure is repeated until the pro grammed milling depth ts reached Finishing The control advances the tool in a semicircle at process the bottom of the slot by the remaining finishing cut and down cut mills the contour with M3 The tool is subsequently retracted tn rapid tra verse to the setup clearance If the number of infeeds was odd the cutter returns along the slot at the setup clearance to the starting position in the main plane ee Programming Modes Page TNC 2500B Nee P71 Example Cycle definition Starting position Page P 72 Fixed Cycles Slot milling G74 A horizontal slot with length 50 mm and width 10 mm as well as a vertical slot with length 80 mm and width 10 mm are to be milled N50 G74 P01 2 P02 20 P03 5 P04 80 P05 X 50 P06 Y 10 P07 100 N60 G00 G40 G90 X 76 Y 15 M3 N70 Z 2 M99 N80 G74 P01 2 P02 20 P03 5 P04
195. ture actual position to enter the correct radius compensation G41 G42 or G43 G44 and use L 0 and R Q in the tool definition T1 L 0 R 0 If the tool breaks or another tool is selected instead of the original then a different length and radius can be taken into account The new compensation values for the tool radius m are differences Radius R R R or compensation R R3 R R radius compensation for the tool definition R tool radius of the original tool R tool radius of a new tool R3 tool radius of a new tool The compensation R can be positive or negative depending on whether the tool radius of the newly inserted tool is larger or smaller than the original tool a Length The compensation for the new tool length is also determined as the difference to the originally used tool compensation see Tool definition Transferring tool length The new compensations are entered in the tool definition of the original tool R 0 L 0 D ONEAN Programming Modes Page TNC 2500B og g P 123 Teach In Capture The actual tool position can be transferred to the actual position part program with the Capture actual position key Applications In this way you can capture positions tool dimensions see Tool Definition Process Move the tool to the desired position Open a program block e g for a straight line in the Progra
196. uide Tangential transitions G25 GO06 Tangential The G25 and GO6 functions automatically pro transitions duce a tangential soft entry into the arc Departure from the arc is also tangential with G25 and arbitrary with GO6 The direction of movement when entering the circle thus also determines the shape of the arc Direction The direction of rotation need therefore not be of rotation given Corner rounding Corner rounding with G25 is inserted between G25 two contour elements which can be straight lines or arcs The data to be programmed are the corner point which is not traversed and directly fol lowing It a separate rounding block G25 with the rounding radius R Entry into and exit from the rounding radius is tangential and is automatically computed by the control Tangential With GO6 only the arc end point is pro contour grammed connection GOG Selection Given Required path function Point Traverse e g with G01 Corner Traverse e g with G01 Rounding radius G25 Point Traverse e g with G01 Jangen generating Traverse e g with G01 point Tangential arc Traverse e g with G01 Arc end point GOG S Programming Modes ached ea Circular Movement Cartesian Arc with circle center J K GO2 GO3 J and K have two functions 1 Specifying the circle center for circular arcs with G02 GO3 2 Defining the pole as datum for position dat
197. umerical values Example D15 PRINT Q1 20 Q9 0 Q17 Q33 The control can transfer Q parameter values from the integrated PLC to a NC program The parameters Q100 to Q107 are used for this The control always stores the tool radius of the last called tool in parameter Q108 The active tool radius can then be used for the radius compensation in parameter computations The control stores the current tool axis in parameter Q109 Different machines alternately use the X Y or Z axis as the tool axis On these machines it is helpful when the current tool axis can be requested in the machining program this makes program branching in user cycles possible Current tool axis Parameter no tool axis called Q109 1 X axis is called Q109 O Y axis is called Q109 1 Z axis is called Q109 2 Page Programming Modes P 111 Q110 Spindle on off Q111 Coolant on off Q112 Overlap factor Q113 mm inch dimensions Page P 112 Parametric programming special functions The value in parameter O110 specifies the last M function issued for the direction of spindle rotation M function Parameter no M spindle function Q110 1 MO3 spindle on clockwise Ol0 O M04 spindle on counterclockwise aios 1 MOB5 if MO3 was previously issued OnO 2 MO5 if MO4 was previously issued ONO 3 Parameter 0111 indicates whether the coolant was switched on or off Meaning Parameter M08 coolant switched on O
198. ump into another program is programmed with a Program call with PGM CALL or 3 e Cycle G79 if another cycle was previously defined with G39 as a callable cycle G39 P01 3 G79 Nesting You can call further programs from a called pro gram G01 X 50 M99 Maximum nesting depth 4 levels HEIDENHAIN Programming Modes Page TNC 2500B g g P55 Labels Setting a label G98 Label O Calling a label number Program section repeats Subprograms Error messages Jumps Within a Program Program labels G98 Labels program markers can be set during pro gramming to mark the beginning of a subpro gram or program section repeat 1 G71 N10 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 N20 G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 N30 G99 T1 L 0 R 3 N40 T1 G17 S500 N50 G83 P01 2 P02 20 P03 6 P04 0 P05 120 N60 G00 G90 Z 50 M06 These labels can be Jumped to during program run e g to execute the appropriate subprogram A label is set with the G98 The label numbers N70 G40 X 10 Y 20 M03 1 to 254 can be set only once in a program N80 Z 2 _ N90 L1 0 ie oe rn a N100 X 20 50 z N110 ELO a e E e Label number 0 always marks the end of a NI20 X 10 80 a subprogram see Subprogram and is therefore NI30 LLO Pe Ne es the return jump marker It can thus occur more N140 G00 Z 50 M02 than once in a program Do not call label 0 I NIGO Gms e R N9999 pe G71 With the L
199. until the programmed milling depth is attained The next subcontours are milled in the same P Programmed contour pocket een D Finishing allowance from cycle G57 rough out Example N25 G58 PO 2 Setup clearance P02 20 Milling depth P03 10 Pecking depth P04 40 Feed rate for infeed POS 60 Feed rate in the working plane Page HEIDENHAIN P 90 Programming Modes TNC 306 t List of contour subprograms Drilling Rough out Finishing Contour subprograms HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B SL Cycles Machining with several tools The following scheme illustrates the application of the SL cycles pilot drilling rough out and contour milling in one program Cycle definition with G37 No call Define and call the drill Cycle definition with G56 Pre positioning Cycle call Define and call the roughing cutter Cycle definition with G57 Pre positioning Cycle call ite Define and call the finishing cutter Cycle definition with G58 or G59 Pilot positioning Cycle call M02 Subprograms for the subcontours Programming Modes Page P 91 Task Main program 7210 Subprogram Page P 92 SL Cycles Machining wi
200. ur bores is to be programmed as subprogram 2 and executed at three different positions Program G99 T1 L 0 R 42 5 T1 G17 200 G83 P01 2 Define pecking cycle P02 20 P03 10 P04 0 POS 100 G00 G40 G90 Approach bore group X 15 Y 10 M03 Z 2 L2 0 Subprogram call X 45 Y 60 Approach bore group L2 0 Subprogram call X 75 Y 10 Approach bore group L2 0 Subprogram call Z 50 M02 Retract tool axis Start of subprogram Call peck drilling cycle Incremental traverse drill Incremental traverse drill Incremental traverse drill Switch to absolute dimensions End of subprogram M99 blockwise cycle call Cross reference You will find an explanation of the peck drilling cycle in the section Fixed cycles Page P 60 Programming Modes HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B Nesting subprograms Repeating subprograms Error message HEIDENHAIN TNC 2500B sequently executed until the next call L20 which Jumps Within a Program Nesting subprograms The main program is executed until the jump command L17 0 is reached 12 G71 The subprogram beginning with G98 L17 is sub L17 0 is then run until L53 0 T The lowest nested subprogram 53 is run through until its end G98 LO G98 L17 At the end G98 LO of the last subprogram 53 ae be PP ae return jumps are made to the preceding subpro cece ede ee wei 6 grams 20 and 17 until the main program is fi
201. usly over all infeeds or for each infeed in the speci fied sequence A machine parameter also determines whether the contour is milled conventionally or by climb cutting see index A General Information MOD Functions User parameter MP 7420 Programming Modes D Finishing allowance E Stepover a Rough out angle Begin with Begin with contour surface milling clearing Page P79 SL Cycles Roughing out a rectangular pocket Task Rectangular pocket with rounding radius Interior machining of rectangular pocket with rounded corners with a center cut end mill ISO 1641 tool radius 5 mm PGM 7206 G71 7206 N10 G30 G17 X 20 Y 20 Z 40 Blank min point N20 G31 G90 X 120 Y 120 Z 0 Blank max point N30 G99 T1 L 0 R 5 Tool definition N42 T1 G17 S1000 Tool call N50 G00 G90 Z 100 M03 N60 G37 P02 1 List of contour subprograms N70 G57 P01 2 P02 20 P03 8 Definition for rough out P04 100 P05 0 P06 0 P07 500 N80 G40 X 40 Y 50 Z 2 M99 x Pre positioning cycle call N90 G00 G40 Z 20 M02 Retract return jump to start of program N100 G98 LI Contour subprogram 7 N110 G41 X 40 Y 60 Radius compensation is G41 RL and tool path is N120 X 15 counterclockwise the control therefore deduces N130 G25 R12 po
202. value for the infeed axis If the work surface has a value other than O enter the following actual value actual value Z tool length L surface posi tion Example tool length L 100 mm position of the work surface 50 mm actual value to be entered Z 100 mm 50 mm 150 mm HEIDENHAIN Page TNC 2500B Machine Operating Modes M 13 Example Setting the datum Touching with Z axis Y axis X axis Page M 14 Manual Operation Datum setting without probe system The datum ts to be set with a drill tool radius R 5 mm as shown to the right Touch the workpiece surface Touch side by moving the Y axis Touch side by moving the X axis Initiate the dialog z after surface is touched DATUM SET Z 2 Enter the value for the Z axis e g 0 mm Confirm entry i The Z display reads 0 000 Initiate the dialog Y after surface is touched DATUM SET Y a E Enter the value for the Y axis e g 5 mm Here with a negative sign Confirm entry i The Y display reads 5 000 Initiate the dialog x after surface is touched DATUM SFT X f Enter the value for the X axis e g 5 mm Here with a negative sign Confirm entry i The X display reads 5 000 The datum for the fourth axis can be set in a similar way lf the dialog DATUM SET was opened by mistake the dialog can be terminated with NO ENT
203. ve N40 X 50 Y 50 Position N50 G24 R4 Chamfer N60 X 50 Y 0 Position N9999 11 G71 HEIDENHAIN b maii Page TNC 2500B rogramming oaes P 27 Linear Movement Cartesian Example Example milling straight lines The block numbers are shown in the figure to aid you in following the sequence Program 12 G71 N3 G30 G17 X 0 Y 0 Z 40 Blank form definition MIN point NS G31 G90 X 100 Y 100 Z 0 Blank form definition MAX point N10 G99 T1 L 0 R 5 Tool definition N20 T1 G17 500 Tool call N30 G00 G90 Z 200 M06 Tool change N40 G40 X 10 Y 20 M03 Pilot position tool is up N50 G01 Z 20 F80 Plunge at downfeed rate N60 G41 X 0 Y 0 F200 Approach the contour call radius compensation N70 Y 30 F400 Machine the contour N80 X 30 Y 50 N90 X 60 N100 G24 R5 Chamfer block N110 Y 0 O N120 X 0 O N130 G40 X 20 Y 10 Last block with radius compensation N140 G00 Z 200 M02 Cancel radius compensation N9999 12 G71 Back off Z owe Programming Modes FCoE Linear Movement Cartesian Additional axes Linear axes Linear tnterpolation can be performed simulta U V W neously with a maximum of 3 axes even when G01 G42 X 0 V 0 F100 using additional axes X 100 V 0 For linear interpolation with an additional linear axis this axis must be programmed with the cor X 150 V 70 responding coordinate in every NC block This requirement holds eve
204. when it is mirrored The sign is reversed for all coordinates of this axis The result is a mirror image of a pro gammed contour or of a hole pattern Mirroring is only possible in the working plane You can mirror tn one axis or both axes simulta neously Activation The mirror image is immediately active upon defi nition The mirrored axes can be recognized by the highlighted axis designations in the status dis play for the datum shift Mirroring is performed at the current datum The datum must therefore be shifted to the required position before a mirror image cycle definition Mirrored Enter the axis or axes to be mirrored The tool axes axis cannot be mirrored Climb and Mirroring one axis The rotating direction is conventional changed with the coordinate signs so climb mil milling ling becomes conventional and vice versa The milling direction remains unchanged for fixed cycles Mirroring two axes The contour which was mir rored in one axis is mirrored a second time in the other axis The direction of rotation and mil ling climb or conventional remains the same X Y Axes to be mirrored Datum The position of the datum is very important for position obtaining the desired change 1 If the datum is on the part contour the part flips over its own axis 2 If the datum is outside the contour the part flips and jumps to another position Cancelling The mirror image cycl
205. ys the measured value Setting the reference plane a Enter a new value if required e g 0 mm DATUM Z 0 C Confirm entry Measuring You can also measure distances on an aligned workpiece distances Probe the first position and set the datum e g 0 mm Probe the second position The distance can be read in the Datum display Page HEIDENHAIN M6 Machine Operating Modes TNC 2500B 3D Touch Probe Basic rotation Angular measurement The probing function Basic rotation determines the angle of deviation of a plane surface from a nominal direction The angle is determined in the machining plane Functions Basic rotation the control compensates for an angular misalignment Correct an angular misalignment on a machine tool with rotary axis Measure an angle Basic rotation Initiate the dialog my Select probing function BASIC ROTATION T 4 and enter Select the Rotation angle ROTATION ANGLE 0 7 Enter the nominal direction of the Move the probe head to the starting position Select the probing direction e g Y The probe head travels in the selected direction e g Y The probe head returns to the starting position after touching the side surface Move the probe head to the starting position The probe head travels in the selected direction e g Y The probe head returns to the second Starting position after makin

User Manual ISO Programming 2500 B

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