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R&S FS-K130PC Distortion Analysis Software User Manual

1. 2 eee eee dec eei e eer ete e c deed 100 Maximum Model EVM and DPD Degradation eene 101 Biorriqpel gem Pro AM 101 QuantuzaHlo POMS arian carente buste tea use eire e raten arie netu c eos Ante 101 Curve Inversion Segmaetie on nti etri Ep EE I a Ek labia 101 Estimate VQ Imbalafige 1 cues eren te cta ease tk ben tn a paca tege eo co d aAa Aaaa A i puddin 101 Dual Tone FI bSPIEIg cou crt ote dtt ted ttr eere edle aec ect rte zo dla nates 102 Modeling Range Selects the range of the signal to perform the modeling and DPD calculation on Selecting a range is useful for example if the complete signal is very long and needs a long time to process Usually a small number of samples around the peak is enough for correct model calculation Remote command CONF DSP MOD RANG FULL PEAK Range Size Defines the size of the modeling range if the model is applied to a particular range of the model only Remote command CONF DSP MOD SIZE numeric value Pulse Detection Limit Defines the level threshold for pulse detection Defining the DSP Properties If you have turned the detection of pulses in the reference signal on the Pulse Detec tion Limit defines the minimum distance between the On and Off regions of supposed pulses A signal is detected as a pulse if the distance between an On and an Off region is greater than the Pulse Detection Limit Remote command CONF DSP MOD PD
2. 4 2 Configuring Instruments If you have any hardware component in the test setup like an analyzer or generator define the characteristics of the remote connection in the Instrument Configuration dialog box gt Click on the S button or select the Instrument Connection menu item from the File menu File Windows Tools Help Preset instrument configuration BF Load settings led Save settings 3 Export Exit The Instrument Connection Configuration dialog box opens Configuring the Measurement M Instrument Assignment Available Instruments Instrument ID Check all instrument connections H M Selected instrument Interface Number mem 0 x XE VISA String Instrument Status Add Remove Test Connection Instrument Assignment The table shows all available instruments including their IDs if you have queried them You can always check if the instrument is connected by clicking on the Check all Instrument Connections button If there is more than one anaalyzer or generator in the list the software automatically uses the first of the instruments it can find Selected Instrument You can configure one of the instruments in the list by selecting it The details of the instrument connections are then shown in the Selected Instrument area of the dialog box You now can e define the address of the instrument e see the resulting
3. e Hardware IEC IEEE bus or LAN connection Software VISA driver National Instruments VISA version 24 2 Agilent IO Libraries Suite 15 1 or higher The software supports the following Rohde amp Schwarz spectrum and signal analyzers and signal generators R amp S FSG R amp SSFSQ e R amp S FSU e R amp S FSUP R amp S FSV R amp S FSVR R amp S9FSW R amp S SMBV R amp S SMU R amp S9SMW Installing the Software 2 2 Installing the Software Working with the R amp S FS K130PC requires the installation of the software itself and the installation of several software components The best way to install the software and the required components is to use the browser tool that is delivered with the software If you install the software from a CD ROM systems that support the AutoRun func tionality of the MS Windows operating system automatically start the browser If the system does not support the AutoRun feature or if you install the software from the download package available on the internet you have to start the browser manually NET Framework NET Framework 2 0 or higher is required to run both the browser tool and the soft ware If opening the browser tool results in an error message install the NET Framework The NET Framework installer is available on the R amp S FS K130PC CD ROM It is also part of the download package available on the R amp S FS K130PC product homepage gt
4. sssssssssssssseseseeeeeen enne 93 Use Noise COITeCIOEi cot ooo ret teh dt ote o cs ter este di tb edes eR 93 Number of ACP Channels Defines the number of adjacent channels for ACP measurements Each channel you add adds one channel to the left and one to the right of the Tx channel Remote command CONF IQSINK ACP CHAN numeric value Relative ACP Channel Spacing Defines a relative spacing between the channels A ratio of 1 results in channels being adjacent to each other with no space between but no interference e lt 1 results in channels interfering with each other e gt 1 results in a space between the channels Remote command CONF IQSINK ACP SPAC numeric value Channel Bandwidth Defines the bandwidth of the adjacent channels ACP channels By default the software automatically detects and selects the channel bandwidth for the adjacent channels This is based on the bandwidth of the transmission channel Remote command CONF IQSINK ACP BWID RBW Resolution Bandwidth Defines the resolution bandwidth used for ACP measurements Configuring the Measurement By default the software automatically detects and defines the resolution bandwidth based on the bandwidth of the adjacent channel Remote command CONF IQSINK ACP RBW Sweep Time Multiplier Defines a factor to increase the ACP measurement sweep time by The basic sweep time Multiplier 1 is automatically calculated by the software Ch
5. REGGRP Q Recorder CONF IQSINK FILE ASCII SEP SAMP DOT COMMA COLON SEMICOL SPACE TAB CR LF CRLF REGDEC REGGRP Row Separator Defines the character or character combination that separates rows Separated rows are the equvalent to lines in a text file Remote command l Q Generator CONF IOGEN FILE ASCII SEP ROW DOT COMMA COLON SEMICOL SPACE TAB CR LF CRLF REGDEC REGGRP Q Recorder CONF IOSINK FILE ASCII SEP ROW DOT COMMA COLON SEMICOL SPACE TAB CR LF CRLF REGDEC REGGRP Decimal Separator Defines the character that separates the integral and fractional part of each and Q sample Remote command Q Generator CONF IQGEN FILE ASCII SEP DEC DOT COMMA COLON SEMICOL SPACE TAB CR LF CRLF REGDEC REGGRP Q Recorder CONF IQSINK FILE ASCII SEP DEC DOT COMMA COLON SEMICOL SPACE TAB CR LF CRLF REGDEC REGGRP E 4 5 4 Matlab Format Specification Defines the characteristics for files whose contents are in matlab format El 4 Matlab format specification a Signal name Signal b Matlab format Default format c Main data direction M format only Sample index in row direction left right Signal Mati eicere Rude era bte peace eb dte Font dest ande RETE En o astu erbe 112
6. Reference Signal vs Measured Signal Shows the error vector magnitude EVM between the reference signal and the mea sured signal To get useful results the calculated linear gain is compensated to match both signals Depending on the DUT noise and nonlinear effects may have been added to the mea surement signal These effects are visualized by this trace You can reduce the effects of noise by increasing the Periods to Capture This runs an averaging based on the complex data and thus reduces noise significantly For more information on generating a reference signal see chapter 3 1 Recording a Reference Signal on page 30 and chapter 4 3 1 Configuring the I Q Generation on page 59 3 2 9 Graphical Measurement Results Measured Signal vs Modeled Signal Shows the error vector magnitude EVM between the modeled signal and the mea sured signal The EVM between the measured and modeled signal indicates the quality of the DUT modeling If the model matches the DUT behavior the modeling error is zero or is merely influenced by noise This result display shows changes in the model and its parameters and thus allows you to optimize the modeling For more information on supported models see chapter 4 4 Defining the DSP Proper ties on page 94 Reference Signal vs Signal after DPD Expected Shows the expected error vector magnitude EVM between the reference signal and the output signal including digital predistorti
7. Shows the expected constellation diagram of the output signal including digital predis tortion DPD If both the model and the DPD are calculated correctly the expected signal is a linear amplified version of the reference signal Note Because the DUT may get into high compression the total RMS level may be lower than the measured measured signal without DPD For more information on supported models see chapter 4 4 Defining the DSP Proper ties on page 94 3 2 5 Graphical Measurement Results After DPD Measured Shows the measured constellation diagram of the output signal including digital pre distortion DPD If this signal is different to the expected signal this is usually an indicator that the DUT does not behave according to the model or that the DPD is not possible with the selected model function To get a better signal including digital predistortion try for example to increase the model order or select the Volterra model instead of a polyno mial model For more information on the measurement configuration see chapter 4 3 8 Configur ing the I Q Recorder on page 89 AM AM The AM AM result display is the display used to observe nonlinear effects with and without memory It shows the amplitude at the DUT output or the signal processing block if one is used for DPD versus the amplitude at the DUT input Nonlinear effects typically result in a trace that flattens near high power levels or does not f
8. numeric value with x being a number from 1 to 4 Hardware Information Shows information about the hardware in use El 3 Hardware Information a VISA Instrument address b Instrument IDN c Instrument Type d Instrument Options VISA Instrument AdGr6SS 21 5 0422 LR REI ibo ien t nice desde 69 donne DET 69 Jus irony c aged nee Banos ane eee a eet 69 orem eroi M HR 70 VISA Instrument Address Shows the VISA address of the instrument currently in use For more information see chapter 4 2 Configuring Instruments on page 57 Remote command Q Generator CONF IQGEN HW VISA string Input Mixer CONF UPCO HW VISA string Ouput Mixer CONF DOCO HW VISA string Instrument Type Shows name serial number and firmware version of the instrument currently in use This corresponds to the response to the IDN command supported by external equip ment Remote command Q Generator query only CONF IQGEN HW IDN Input Mixer query only CONF UPCO HW IDN Output Mixer query only CONF DOCO HW IDN Instrument Type Shows the type of instrument that has been detected The instrument type is found out via the instrument IDN If the instrument is not detec ted as a Rohde amp Schwarz instrument unknown is displayed Remote command l Q Generator query only CONF IQGEN HW TYPE Input Mixer query only CONF UPCO HW TYPE Output Mixer query only
9. ssssseeen 92 Number of samples Number of symbols Numerical results ie teeth na romaine CCDF modulation quality 2 reet nci te ot ci ac power measurements sesesssssseeeeeeeee signal synchronization system Model ispat naa te Deseos etica b O Sire m Output port type Oversamlplilng rrr rer r erat Prec hi rots P Pati face odi Hee Eae Goin ATA 122 P ak l8V6l zoe enero siat 77 Peak power DUT INPUT ret ettet rnit ntes 48 DUT output 48 PEP level n hd Periods to analyze 97 Periods to Capture tm erre naea 90 Phase error MAKOR occ rtt de dt c rede euer 124 Phase offset 50 84 Polynomial model 102 Pott type eoe a 19 Post config commands 74 Post measurement generator level 77 Power gain F atKOf 2 cocaine e cee eat abhi ie 124 Power input MAKOR i ttc de enti edo eee 124 Power measurement results sss 47 Power output MAKOR soos cece devas eto pO ie eas Eur d uH Eva LES 124 Power result display 34 Properties ud Pulse stimulus 66 Pulsed signal acquisition wizard ssssss 31 Q aol M 85 Quadrat re error cci Ir rettet 51 Quantization points oii creciente gs 101 R Ramp lengtli 6
10. numeric value Output attenuation CONF OATT FIX numeric value Configuring the DUT The DUT Properties dialog box contains parameters to characterize the DUT you are going to test P Click on the DUT component in the Hardware Configuration element The DUT Properties dialog box opens e Mall Souls ceci depre ornato negra be ea REM pa atu n quee nena 75 955 SOM IS ect conne ceni tae dd c tte cx e ru ddp due Ce Mod 76 e Maximum DUT Input Ratings iicet seio etii deo ede 77 e Frequency Conversion Configuration esses enne 78 e ANOLON uoo decr enlace deco tron c do ido ceo bd da 79 Main Settings Contains general characteristics of the DUT El 1 Main settings a Input port type RF b Dutput port type RF Input Pon TY PO 75 OUP d POM TPO EE 76 Input Port Type Selects the port type at the DUT input Configuring the Measurement You can choose from various port types like RF baseband or digital inputs with differ ent standards of interconnection impedance Currently only the RF input port is supported Remote command CONF DUT INP PORT RF Output Port Type Selects the port type at the DUT output You can choose from various port types like RF baseband or digital inputs with differ ent standards of interconnection impedance Currently only the RF input port is supported Remote command CONF DUT OUTP PORT RF 4
11. 2 Signal truncation a Show wrap around only False b Wrap around size 20 c Reduce Constellation to Ov 1 True Show Wrap Around Only Set this parameter to Yes if you want to analyze the wrap around section of the signal in detail R amp S FS K130PC then shows only the small part at the beginning and the end of the signal You can define the length with the Wrap Around Size parameter This is useful if you want to observe non cyclic signals in the Capture Buffer result display Available for the Standard evaluation method Remote command not supported Wrap Around Size Defines the number of samples to the left and to the right of the wrap around that R amp S FS K130PC shows Available for the Standard evaluation method Remote command not supported Reduce Constellation to OV1 Turns reduction of the oversampling to 1 on and off You can use this feature if you are measuring a single carrier signal signal When you turn the feature on in this case only the samples of the symbol are displayed in the graphical result display Samples within the transition period between symbols are not displayed The resulting graph allows you to view symbols more easily without running a real digital modulation Available for the Standard evaluation method Remote command not supported Axis Scaling The Axis Scaling contains settings that define the scale of both diagram axes El 9 Axis scaling a X axis min au
12. 3 4 2 Test Settings Contains general characteristics of the test setup E 2 Test settings a DUT Output RMS level OdBm b DUT Output frequency 1 GHz c Input frequency 1 GHz d Post measurement generator level Leave in last level config e Generator stand by level 100 dBm DUT Output RMS EGV8l uicit store dre reed eed iere cedri ce nere ho 76 DUT Output Frequency oreet irte e Rare Fate en tert b nnd 76 Ier eee 76 Post Measurement Generator Level eese essere nn nnns enne 77 Generator StanG by eve lis scsi rrr ett vo re HER ERE EE 77 DUT Output RMS Level Defines the RMS level at the DUT output The RMS level is the output power level the R amp S FS K130PC performs the measure ment with Remote command CONF DUT OUT RMS lt numeric value gt DUT Output Frequency Defines the frequency at the DUT output The measurement frequency is the frequency the R amp S FS K130PC performs the mea surement on Remote command CONF DUT OUT FREQ numeric value alternatively FREQ CENT lt numeric value gt Input Frequency Calculates and shows the input frequency of the DUT 4 3 4 3 Configuring the Measurement The input frequency depends on the output frequency and the Frequency Conversion Configuration It is calculated according to the following formula fin four Frequency Offset nuttiptier Remote command Query only CONF DUT INP
13. Ee ae uuu cease eet 84 Phasa Onset uet et eee o ee eb ees a daniel Ee Poe 84 PORS E HO EI MI E sean Daceseeessiceae 85 Nec E 85 Gar Imbalei e EA AE ET ER ee rede p ER east epar e Fo e ERRL E S 85 Apply Impairments Turns the impairments in the DUT simulation on and off Remote command CONF DUT SIM IMP STAT ON OFF Integer Timing Shift Defines a timing shift for the simulated signal Remote command CONF DUT SIM IMP TIME numeric value Frequency Offset Defines a frequency offset that is added to the simulated signal Remote command CONF DUT SIM IMP FREQ numeric value Phase Offset Defines a phase offset that is added to the simulated signal Remote command CONF DUT SIM IMP PHA numeric value 4 3 6 4 3 6 1 Configuring the Measurement Offset Defines an offset for the branch of the simulated signal Remote command CONF DUT SIM IMP IOFF numeric value Q Offset Defines an offset for the Q branch of the simulated signal Remote command CONF DUT SIM IMP QOFF numeric value Gain Imbalance Defines an I Q gain imbalance for the simulated signal The gain imbalance is the difference of the gain in the and Q branches Remote command CONF DUT SIM IMP GIMB numeric value Attenuating the DUT Output It may be necessary to attenuate the signal at the DUT output if the power level is very high or due to analyzer restrictions Atten
14. El 6 2 System modelling Spline a Spline segments 10 b Steps per spline 5 c Equal step quantizer Yes SSDIMO SOOMGMIS sans diet Ice 104 Steps Per Splin s an A A Aa F a Ea 104 Equal Step Guantizel a aa x te ERRARE A EEEO AA OAE TE 104 Spline Segments Defines the number of segments in the amplitude range used in the spline calculation Remote command CONF DSP MOD SPL SEG numeric value Steps Per Spline Defines the number of steps in each spline segment Remote command CONF DSP MOD SPL STEP numeric value Equal Step Quantizer Turns an equal step quantizer to automatically adjust the spline segment boundaries on and off An automatic adjustment of the segment boundaries results in a better interpolation performance or reduces the number of used coefficients and segments without losing interpolation performance If the Equal Step Quantizer is on the spline segments boundaries are distributed equally over the amplitude range Remote command CONF DSP MOD SPL EDIST ON OFF 4 4 10 System Modeling Memory Polynomial Defines the characteristics of a polynomial model that takes account of memory effects El 6 3 System modelling Memory Polynomial a Configuration Click to edit COMME BESIDE e rta cu xD Ma eid a vera t xOrt une em cane 104 Configuration Opens a dialog box to configure the memory polynomial model 4 4 11 4 4 12 Defining the DSP Properties Modelling DPD cal
15. FREQ lt numeric value gt Post Measurement Generator Level Selects the method of level configuration at the end of the measurement In some test setups e g due to thermal restrictions it may be necessary to reduce the DUT input power after the measurement The available generator behaviors are as follows Leave In Last Level Config Maintains the level of the last measurement e Power to Stand by Adjusts the level after the measurement according to the Generator Stand by Level e Switch Off Deactivates the generator RF output after the measurement Remote command CONF DUT POST MODE LEAVE STANDBY OFF Generator Stand by Level Defines the maximum power level of the signal generator after the measurement is done Note that the generator stand by level is relevant only if you have set the Post Mea surement Generator Level accordingly Remote command CONF DUT POST LEV numeric value Maximum DUT Input Ratings Defines the level characteristics at the DUT input E 3 Maximum DUT Input Ratings a Maximum peak level 30 dBm b Maximum RMS level 30 dBm Maximum PEAK Level e c e eret eot totu to o tide enero aa aaa 77 Maximum RMS Bua inccr e ac et ne edt ene in hue eec e re Ar ete laden dares 78 Maximum Peak Level Defines the maximum peak power level allowed at the DUT input In order to avoid damage to the DUT you can define the maximum peak power level that is allowed at the
16. Installer link in the main window of the browser tool The browser tool opens a dialog box that contains an overview of the required components It also shows if you have to install them or not Rohde amp Schwarz OFDM Vector Signal Analysts Software Framework Installer Version 3 2 aaa cin Se ietaaion Source ee ee M Microsoft Visus C Runtime Lbeaty 2005 SP1 86 MFC Security Update MATLAB Component Runtime 20090 32 bi Version 7 9 Runtime V7 11 MATLAB NET Interfacing 2009b 32 bi Version 7 9 Runtime V7 11 Later installed by FS K96 installer CADokumente u Hinum CADokumerie u ito wrai Installed here Later instale instaledhere Intel PP Library 41 C Dokumerte u pit Mamie Detected ver visa ANY Not avaiable Click here to r Port Mapper for Remote Corizol 283 C Dokumerte u piper Status Rura 2 Inthe Installation State column check if the corresponding software is already installed e Ready to install The software is installed after you have selected it in the Install column e Ready to download The R amp S Framework installer was not able to find the installation file for the corresponding software You have to get the program somewhere for example download it off the inter net and install it manually Note that all components except the Port Mapper are mandatory Note that some installation routines may not confirm the installation
17. Main settings a ARB upload behaviour Always b IQ reference signal type Noise c ARB root file name FS K130 d Link clock to system bandwidth No E 2 Internal stimulus settings 2 8 Using Support Functions Support functions provide information on the software and system performance and provide support in case of complications while using the software 2 8 1 Debugging Tools In case of problems using the software use the debugging tools provided by the soft ware gt Select the Options menu item from the Tools menu 2 8 2 Using Support Functions File Windows Tools E Get reference signal q Show verbose kernel log The R amp S FS K130PC opens the Debug Properties dialog box El 1 Debug properties a Debug mode active No b Debug file root CA c Store DSP input No d Store DSP output No e VISA call logging depth Off Debug Mode Active Turns the debugging mode on and off Debug File Root Shows the folder including path that contains the file that contains the debugging results LOG output The folder also contains the software executable Store Kernel Input If active the R amp S FS K130PC saves the DSP input files in case unexpected signal processing events happen Problem solution for R amp S customer support may be easier if you include these files in the error report to reproduce the entire DSP flow with all data going into the DSP The DSP input file is
18. Matlab Formal int et vectes tce vele tide b detegere v eda 113 Matlab Data Dire Chom ocior d rede dr de ue tos red esee ava eer erre ead a 113 Signal Name Sets the name of the variable to store or read from if you use a Matlab file Specifying the File Type If you save a file the variable within this file gets the specified signal name This fea ture can be useful if you want to load reference and measurement files and already want to distinguish both files while loading them for example If you load a file the loading function queries the variable with this name It is possible to store multiple I Q vectors e g reference and measurement signal in one file and specify the name of the signal to load here If the name was not found within the file and there is only one vector this vector will be loaded If there is more than one value an error will be generated Remote command Q Generator CONF IQGEN FILE MLAB NAME string Q Recorder CONF IOSINK FILE MLAB NAME string Matlab Format Sets the version for mat files when saving a signal in Matlab format As the Matlab format has changed in the past special user defined functions for read ing Matlab files may require older versions of the file format If this is the case you can specify the version here The parameter is analoguous to the parameter of the save function of Matlab Remote command Q Generator CONF IQGEN FILE MLAB F
19. QQII Q Recorder CONF IQSINK FILE BIN DORD IQIQ QIQI IIQO QOII 4 5 3 Specifying the File Type Byte Order Defines whether MSB or LSB comes first within the bytes of a single value The R amp S FS K130PC supports e LSB first Intel Little Endian MSB is the most left value e MSB first Motorola Big Endian LSB is the most right value The resulting floating point value is Fixed Point Offset Scaling The resulting fixed point value is Floating Point Scaling Offset Remote command Q Generator CONF IOGEN FILE BIN BORD LSB MSB I Q Recorder CONF IOSINK FILE BIN BORD LSB MSB Fixed Point Scaling Sets a multiplier for fixed point values in order to convert them to e g Volt values with a fixed resolution The value is multiplied to all fixed point values read in order to generate floating point values The resulting floating point value is Fixed Point Offset Scaling The resulting fixed point value is Floating Point Scaling Offset Remote command l Q Generator CONF IQGEN FILE BIN FSCAL numeric value I Q Recorder CONF IOSINK FILE BIN FSCAL numeric value Fixed Point Offset Sets an offset for fixed point values in order to convert them to e g Volt values with a fixed resolution The value is added to all fixed point values read in order to generate floating point val ues Remote command Q Generator CONF I
20. Remote command not supported Relative Unit Select the unit of all axes related to a relative level Changing the unit affects result displays with relative scaling Remote command not supported Gain Normalization Switches the correction of a linear gain factor between measurement and reference dependent signals on and off Typically the measurement signal and derived ones like the model have a higher amplitude compared to the reference signal Thus comparing both signals optical is not easy To enable a better comparison you can switch on the gain normalization to remove this gain before displaying the curves Remote command not supported AM PM Reference Axis Selects whether the x axis of the AM PM curve is the level of the reference or the level of the measurement signal Remote command not supported Agilent 89604 Auto Scaling Turns automatic scaling of the x axis according to Agilent 89604 on and off If on the x axis simply covers the range from the first measured value to the last mea sured value even if the numbers have decimal places split up into 10 intervals If you turn it off the software rounds the first and last value that has been measured to an integer value and scales the x axis accordingly Remote command not supported 5 2 2 5 2 3 Configuring Measurement Results Signal Truncation The Signal Truncation contains settings that define the area of the signal that is dis played E
21. S art outer erret p ree e ex eR EE IRAE Tee Tu IE RRxR eiaa 71 essc DET 71 Input Mixer Available for Control Turns control of the input mixer on and off When you turn input mixer control on the software applies the configuration as defined in the Input Mixer properties via remote control Configuring the Measurement Turning input mixer control off implicates that you have to configure the input mixer manually Remote command CONF UPCO REM ENAB Reset Input Mixer at Start Turns an automatic reset of the input mixer prior to a measurement on and off When you turn the reset on the software applies the configuration you have defined for the input mixer each time a measurement starts Remote command CONF UPCO REM PRES Control Power Turns control of the input power on and off When you turn the power control off the software also turns off the auto leveling mech anism and uses the power level you have defined manually instead Remote command CONF UPCO REM POW 4 3 2 Main Settings Contains general characteristics of the input mixer El 1 Main settings a RF frequency 1 GHz b RF Output path 4 c BB Output path 4 d Settling delay 100 ms PREPO suse t rre EE Rue tiae udi nuntiis enr E RES 71 RF PT orn dg ii e H 71 ze qz p 72 SIE 72 RF Frequency Shows the frequency at the DUT input Note that this field is read o
22. Signal Shows the error vector magnitude EVM between the reference signal and the mea sured signal To get useful results the calculated linear gain is compensated to match both signals Depending on the DUT noise and nonlinear effects may have been added to the mea surement signal These effects are visualized by this trace You can reduce the effects of noise by increasing the Periods to Capture This runs an averaging based on the complex data and thus reduces noise significantly In addition if you are using the Spectrum evaluation the trace shows the in band dis tortion EVM Measured Signal vs Modeled Signal Shows the error vector magnitude EVM between the modeled signal and the mea sured signal The EVM between the measured and modeled signal indicates the quality of the DUT modeling If the model matches the DUT behavior the modeling error is zero or is merely influenced by noise This result display shows changes in the model and its parameters and thus allows you to optimize the modeling 3 2 3 Graphical Measurement Results Predistorted Signal Shows the signal that is applied to the DUT input including digital predistortion DPD and after the DUT has been modeled and the DPD function has been calculated The predistorted signal is the signal that applied to the DUT input or used as the input argument of the model function creates an output signal at the DUT or model function showing the linear g
23. Sink nece certet ee etd 89 l G Generation oce tte ett eerta 59 I Q reference signal type 61 FMC QUENCY 5 cesseccasevetheeevads irean aioir ian eaa 72 immpalfTiells socer ether ter eerte rtr ees 84 initial power reduction ior eterne 80 inp t frequericy 0 mter eren rie 76 input mixer available for control input port type instrument address instrument IDN instrument OPT instrument type integer timing shift internal stimulus invert VQ learn gain curve leveling cycles esee link clock to system bandwidth main settings marker control marker offset maximum level error maximum number of samples ssess 81 maximum peak level isinisisi tariis niina 77 MAXIMUM TAUNGS wives ore rentes 77 maximum RMS level ccccccccececeesseeeeeeeeeesstseeeeeeeeees 78 measurement bandwidth sssssssssssss 90 measurement data source 81 89 measurement frequency ccceccceeseteeeteeteeeteneeeees 76 measurement RMS level ccccccccsssseeeeeeeeeesseeeeeee 76 MOGE aiee caved enn aay raea oneness 82 model nonlinearity siisii nadana 82 modulation 65 66 INUIT PNG ep 78 aol Td 83 rioise notcli offset d tii o ee 64 noise notch width eie az e tree reete 64 rioiSa Stibmuliis 2 ree vty
24. Start the dotnet x exe and follow the instructions of the installer gt Start the AutoRun exe The R amp S FS K130PC opens the browser tool The browser tool provides several tabs Each one contains different information about the software see number 2 to 5 in the picture below gt Navigate to the Installation tab u EZ t CeO v Satety Instructions Comact O Required Components The RES F9 K96 OFDM Vector Signal Analysis Sofware needs some additonal sofware components to un property Follow the steps below installing Microsoft MET Framework Version 2 0 C essage box telis you f Pe NET Framework is installed or not IET is not installed start Pe NET Framework installer ewe and folow the instructions Installing required components e Start the installation of af required components by using the RES Framework instaher ees A distog bas lists all required components Check the instaliabon State of ffe components you want to Ifthe component is Ready to tir it can be instahed by just selecting Ihe component with fe theo in he frst column and clicking install selected componerts afierwares Ife component is Ready to download the emn Installer cannot find Pe instaladon fhe on loca hard drive You need Yo the component and instal t e Install he missing components with fe Install selected components buton install VISA ttis necessary to install USA Virtual Instrument Software Architecture to access instr
25. System Modeling System modeling results contain results that indicate the quality of the measured signal compared to the modeled signal 5 Sysiem modelling Memmeblgemo 5038 Mean Modeling Error Mean error between the measured signal and the reference signal with the calculated model applied The mean modeling error thus shows if the model is precise enough to describe the real DUT behavior Numerical Measurement Results Note that there are still some factors like the noise floor that have an effect on the mean modeling error These factors limit the quality of the results to a certain minimum value Remote command Query only FETCH NUM MOD MERR MEAN 3 4 6 CCDF The CCDF results contain results that show details of the CCDF evaluation Details 1 CCDF detailed UT Input level above RMS 10 7 above DUT Input 1 above UT Input 0 1 above DUT Input 0 01 above UT Input 0 001 above UT Output level above RMS UT Output 10 above UT Output 1 above UT Output 0 1 above UT Output 0 01 above DUT Output 0 001 above 7 30 G d E amp e Sofa eya 2 j oO H amp a HILL T eo amp EX EH E EH ESSI 28er IIBG g E 6 6 8 DUT Input Level Above RMS Percentage of all signal amplitudes that are higher then the reference signal RMS level Query only FETCH NUM CCDF INP RMS DUT In
26. amp S FS K130PC features a marker You can get information to any measurement point by moving the mouse cursor over any pixel in the result display The R amp S FS K130PC shows the corresponding information to that measurement point 1 Click on the button The software activates a marker and opens the Marker Info dialog box Timing Index Absolute 16 44 ps Power Input 4 8 dBm Dutput 4 8 dBm Gain 0 0 dB Phase Error 0 02 EVM Error 0 07 14Q Input 368 19 mV 121 84 mV i Output 368 15 mV 122 11 mV i The marker is small grey diamond 9 Using the Marker 2 In the Marker Info dialog box click on the Timing Index result area highlighted in the picture above The software opens an input field to define the marker position Power Markers Ref 4096 values Meas 4096 values Level dBm Cancel Sample index Canca C 3 Enter a number The software moves the marker to the new position Note that the software remembers the marker position when you perform a new mea surement Timing Index Selects the marker position on the time axis It is an index with no unit The timing index length depends on the length of the capture buffer O correposnds to the start of the capture buffer Timing Absolute Shows the absolute marker position in time in seconds The range depends on the length of the capture buffer 0 seconds correponds to the star
27. configuration Complex state CONF DSP POLY DPD COMP STAT ON OFF Complex min degree CONF DSP POLY DPD COMP MIN numeric value Complex max degree CONF DSP POLY DPD COMP MAX numeric value AM full degree state CONF DSP POLY DPD AM FULL STAT ON OFF AM full degree min CONF DSP POLY DPD AM FULL MIN numeric value AM full degree max CONF DSP POLY DPD AM FULL MAX numeric value AM odd degree state CONF DSP POLY DPD AM ODD STAT ON OFF AM odd degree min CONF DSP POLY DPD AM ODD MIN numeric value AM odd degree max CONF D8P POLY DPD AM ODD MAX numeric value AM even degree state CONF DSP POLY DPD AM EVEN STAT ON OFF AM even degree min CONF DSP POLY DPD AM EVEN MIN numeric value AM even degree max CONF DSP POLY DPD AM EVEN MAX numeric value PM full degree state CONF DSP POLY DPD PM FULL STAT ON OFF PM full degree min CONF DSP POLY DPD PM FULL MIN numeric value PM full degree max CONF DSP POLY DPD PM FULL MAX lt numeric value gt PM odd degree state CONF DSP POLY DPD PM ODD STAT ON OFF PM odd degree min CONF DSP POLY DPD PM ODD MIN numeric value 4 5 Specifying the File Type PM odd degree max CONF DSP POLY DPD PM ODD MAX numeric value PM even degree state CONF DSP POLY DPD PM EVEN STAT ON OFF PM even degree min CONF DSP POLY DPD
28. contains the reference or measurement signal information Remote command l Q Generator CONF IQGEN FILE NAME string Q Recorder CONF IQSINK FILE NAME string Stimulus and Response File Name Secondary File Select a secondary file that contains the reference or measurement signal information Selecting a secondary file is necessary only if you use a file type that requires two files Remote command Q Generator CONF IQGEN FILE NAME2 string Q Recorder CONF IQSINK FILE NAME2 string Configuring the Measurement 4 3 8 3 Configuring ACP Measurements Defines characteristics for ACP measurements E 3 ACP measurement settings a Number of ACP channels 2 b Relative ACP channel spacing 14 c Channel bandwidth auto d RBW auto d Sweep time multiplier 4 e Sweep time limit 2s f System bandwidth overrides auto span No g Use noise correction No Number of ACP Channels i 0 c2sessccescectsssoeechsedeeceacessseedeneshsnieancscdlsaseees cdavonesustiontenseedia 92 Relative ACP Channel Spacihg 2 22 rire iret tede enc i ertet ee Pret eno 92 Channel Bargwiclli Id rr rt a x eget der E AN EARR 92 RBW Resolution Bandwidth esssssssssssssssseseeeenen nennen nnne 92 Sweep TimedMullipligf reso ee eme celer tne te ilte le aa 93 SWESD Time LIME ener AEAN A EEEN E EENEN EEN 93 System Bandwidth Overrides Auto Span
29. correction the results are corrected by the inherent noise of the analyzer you are using The inherent noise of the analyzer is determined with a refer ence measurement that is performed before the actual measurement Remote command CONF IQSINK NCOR Defining the DSP Properties 4 4 Defining the DSP Properties In order to configure the signal processing you can adjust various parameters in the DSP properties dialog box P Click on the 7 button or select the DSP Configuration menu item from the Win dows menu File Windows Tools Help ee Hardware configuration Numerical results EZ New Graphical Result Window ri Message Log The DSP Properties dialog box opens e Sighal PloW utei end C rg ctr a i d e De t dr a ina 94 e DOr OPONE iris pr Esempi Ed tree rH EPA abdo Fey pedet eque THERE Fh ETE 96 e Sighal Syhchrofizellofi ri terit re Rr ee ERR Rec ER RIDERE IEDATID AN 97 e Eor CompetisSatloh erre er het eer a iie ed cep pr est Ree dents 98 e Generic Parameter Galeulallon ciet tte iret en een es 98 e Channel EStimallon imet Rot et petite Re a notan e ta EL e DER ERE 99 e System Modeling General 100 System Modelig Polymomial rrt ett ted rete ttt tenete 102 e System Modeling Splihg 2 rrr rore recess 104 e System Modeling Memory Polynomial essen 104 e System Modeling Volterra nennen nnns 105 e Appendix Remote Commands to
30. curve The software inverses the curve based on a look up algorithm for a sampled version of the measurement curve and the number of segments you have defined Remote command CONF DSP MOD INVSEG numeric value Estimate I Q Imbalance Turns estimation of the I Q imbalance on and off 4 4 8 Defining the DSP Properties Turning off the estimation of the I Q imbalance can be useful in situations when the I Q balance can not be calculated for technical reasons This can happen for example if the signal has no Q component like dual tone signals etc Remote command CONF DSP MOD ESTIM ON OFF Dual Tone Filtering Turns dual tone filtering to reduce noise on and off If on the software only uses the dual tone and harmonic frequency bins for further cal culation Remote command CONF DSP MOD DTFIL ON OFF System Modeling Polynomial Defines the characteristics of polynomial models El 6 1 System modelling Polynomial a Modelling configuration Click to edit Model b DPD configuration Click to edit DPD Modeling Configuration DPD Configuration sesssssseeennnenne 102 Modeling Configuration DPD Configuration Opens a dialog box to configure enhanced memory free polynomial models The dialog box contains fields to define the order characteristics and the type of curves to be calculated Modelling IV Complex IV AM full degree IV AM odd degree AM even degree IV P
31. etre eee tenete 63 number of ACP channels 2 teens 92 number of samples 2 ee iere 62 number of symbols 66 output port type 16 oversamlplihg nece ttn irr th rtr 66 PEP level 55a HE erai eed 73 periods to capt re i i reete rettet 90 phase offset nee treno rere sung 84 post CONFIG COMMAMNAS sssini isidis 74 post measurement generator level TI properties ce e rrr Ert D Rr iasa 17 pulse stitulis 2 2 1 lenis 66 aor 85 ramp length cece eret rrr rete eee 67 ran dormi Seed comet eta Dieta veda 62 FAW adjust Stepping eene eic 80 reference frequency source sssssssssss 86 reset ARB at start 60 reset input mixer at start x11 restant MAKET edere o ite eee 68 RF frequency i RF o tp t path icto Eee Gad 71 S N FAtlO 2 ecco tcc ren eels Lt estote 84 secondary stimulus file name 68 91 settling delay te tetro reete 72 signal miodel 2 1 ten meret 82 SUMMATION uoo e eer ettari eid crier ioco Ce doo Do ae 81 stimulus file name 68 91 SWAD I O i dne tetra e nite ete uat 87 symbol rate 66 System bandwidth 89 test settings 16 tone spacing 65 trigger mode 90 UP COMVEFSION 4 2 2c cepe D dace aa 70 USAGE 42 2 nene 60 70 use external mixer 87 use noise correction serisinden 93 Hardware information soy
32. export I Q data if you use this type of reference signal For more information see chapter 4 3 1 8 Configuring a File Stimulus on page 67 chapter 4 5 Specifying the File Type on page 107 Remote command CONF IQGEN MAIN SIG NOISE DTONE DMOD FILE PREC ARBWV ARB Root File Name Defines a file name prefix for any files that are transferred from the ARB generator You can specify different file name prefixes for each measurement The file name is completed depending on its contents e g ORIG in case of the reference signal Remote command CONF IQGEN MAIN NAME string Link Clock to System Bandwidth Couples or decouples the generator clock rate to the system bandwidth 4 3 1 3 Configuring the Measurement If you decouple the generator clock rate from the system bandwidth you can use sig nals with a low clock rate and measure them with a higher sampling rate This allows you to measure nonlinear effects correctly For more information see e Manual Generator Clock Rate Resulting Generator Clock Rate on page 63 System Bandwidth on page 89 Remote command CONF IQGEN MAIN LINK ON OFF Configuring the Internal Stimulus Defines the characteristics of the internal stimulus El 2 Internal stimulus settings a Number of samples 4096 Samples b Random seed 1 c Manual generator clock rate 16 MHz d Resulting generator clock 16 MHz INurmbersof SaTIDIeB cre ce
33. for the signal when the calculated model has been applied to the reference signal If the model matches the behavior of the DUT the characteristics of the signal are the same as those of the measured signal minus the noise For more information on supported models see chapter 4 4 Defining the DSP Proper ties on page 94 EVM Reference vs Measured Signal Shows the error vector magnitude EVM between the reference signal and the mea sured signal This constellation diagram allows you to for example see if noise is uniform or has a special shape Predistorted Signal Shows the signal that is applied to the DUT input including digital predistortion DPD and after the DUT has been modeled and the DPD function has been calculated The predistorted signal is the signal that applied to the DUT input or used as the input argument of the model function creates an output signal at the DUT or model function showing the linear gain version of the input signal In mathematical terms this means that if x f y is the model function the predistortion function a p b is formed in such a way that x f p y results in x G y with G being the linear gain factor If you are using the Spectrum evaluation the DPD shows an increased ACP power as it must compensate the ACP power of the nonlinear behavior of the DUT For more information on supported models see chapter 4 4 Defining the DSP Proper ties on page 94 After DPD Expected
34. latest versions of the software and the doc umentation and information for the R amp S FS K130PC If you have any questions about the software or suggestions send an email to FS K130 rohde schwarz com Release Notes The release notes provide information about new and modified functions and elimina ted problems System Requirements 2 Welcome to R amp S FS K130PC 2 1 e SystemJiseq llGmaells acusa enint kennt ee ken nd ge SEERE e TR RENNER REES 6 e nstallinc the GOL WAT eee nte Reo Ee aeneo reas b aa altus 7 e Using the Smart Card Reader csse E 11 SLANG MiG SOWIE DELI LTD LIUM 13 e Adding Windows to the Working Area esseeeeeennm ens 16 e Customizing the User Interface ssssssssssseeeeeeeeenen enne 23 e Using the Help Systellt ree teer niet Ine ER RUE a a MR KR SERM RARE ANM AEN MUS 24 e Using Support FUnell lis dedere reet eret p ire eene en tree 25 System Requirements You need the following minimum system configuration to use R amp S FS K130PC Operating System Microsoft Windows XP Professional SP2 Microsoft Windows Vista or Microsoft Windows 7 32 and 64 bit versions Free Hard Disk Space 1 GB Free RAM 21 GB Graphics Resolution ZXGA 1024x768 pixel USB one free USB port to connect the smartcard reader alternatively a built in smartcard reader to connect the the card in ISO IEC 7810 ID 1 format Measuring instrument connection
35. of the signal processing El 2 Signal processing a Minimum samples per peri 1000 b Maximum periods 100 c Pulse detection limit 5 dB Recording a Reference Signal Minimum Samples Per Period Defines the number of samples that a reference signal period must include A reference signal period is one complete cycle of the signal used as reference signal which will repeat at its end If you are using a normal ARB file the reference signal period is the number of samples divided by the clock rate Remote command not supported Maximum Periods Defines the number of periods that a reference signal may include at most Remote command not supported Pulse Detection Limit Defines the level threshold for pulse detection If you have turned the detection of pulses in the reference signal on the Pulse Detec tion Limit defines the minimum distance between the On and Off regions of supposed pulses A signal is detected as a pulse if the distance between an On and an Off region is greater than the Pulse Detection Limit Remote command CONF DSP MOD PDET numeric value 3 1 1 3 Display Options Capture Buffer On Failure Only Turns the display of the complete capture buffer on and off When you turn this feature on the complete capture buffer contents are displayed only if no periodicity could be found within the signal When you turn this feature off the complete capture buffer is always displayed regard less if a v
36. result display 2 ses enne 41 ARB available for Conttol icc Pete 60 ARB root file name E ARB upload behavior rrr ttt ener rt 60 ASCINMORMALU cedro teer neces o toe Fiet ce Er ro beret 110 Attenuation UXO ev Auto levelilig x n on ren err rre rers Auto leveling domain ig Averages executed 2 nme eere B Baseband output path reor 72 Binary format irme retener 108 C Capture DUHET asein arses dean cate einepesdcanennsecnten 33 Capture buffer full display 22 CCDF results 54 Channel bandwidthi ccrte 92 Channel estimation 95 99 Channel results c ccceeececeeneeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeseaeeeeeeaeeeeeeaeees 44 OCIA Tt 63 Compensate for parameter 98 Compression 2 02 Compression point 202 Confidence 2290 Connect instrument Constellation diagram sd Control power t Controlling measurements rrr tene 57 Crest factor PUTA UE no coon 48 DUT output 48 Crest factor adjustment 64 Crest factor optimizationi oi erre retener 64 Curve inversion ssesssssssseeeeneeeneneeennnn 101 D Data direction sssssssssssseeeeeeereennennnn 111 Data file name 108 Data format corso aer tutt rpeio skanna 109 Data order Debugging Decimal separator sireeni E EEN 112 Digital WE SMU eR e a
37. signal generator like the R amp S SMU Within the simulation mode the frequency offset can be set as a simulation parameter Remote command Query only FETCH NUM SYNC FREQ Phase Offset Phase offset between reference signal and measurement signal If you are using the RF path for measurements the phase between reference and measurement signal is random because the RF phases between signal generator and analyzer are not locked even if the reference frequencies are locked This is a typical behavior of two RF measurement instruments Remote command Query only FETCH NUM SYNC PHAS Trigger Offset Offset between the trigger event and the start of the reference signal waveform Remote command Query only FETCH NUM SYNC TIME Q Offset Shift of the ideal I Q constellation in the I Q plane 3 4 3 Numerical Measurement Results The Q offset value can be seen as a complex linear shift of the ideal I Q constellation points in the I Q plane Remote command Query only FETCH NUM SYNC IQOF Gain Imbalance Gain difference between the real I and imaginary Q part of the signal This effect is typically generated by two separate amplifiers in the and Q path of the analog baseband signal generation which have different gains Remote command Query only FETCH NUM SYNC GAIN Quadrature Error Phase deviation of the 90 phase difference between and Q Within a typical transmitt
38. the baseband Q signal with Generating a baseband I Q signal may be required to for example move the base band signal out of the range of influence of the unwanted generator DC component Note Make sure to compensate an IF shift in the baseband generation To compen sate the IF shift apply a corresponding frequency offset in the DUT configuration The offset sets the measurement frequency of the analyzer to the correct frequency Remote command CONF UPCO IF FREQ lt numeric value gt Standalone Options Contain miscellaneous options and parameters for the input mixer Configuring the Measurement El 3 Stand alone options a Signal generator PEP level OdBm signal Generator PEP LEgyal roe ra t eta ere coax n taxa retta aia 73 Signal Generator PEP Level Defines the peak envelope power PEP level of the signal generator Remote command CONF UPCO SGEN PEP numeric value 4 3 2 5 Hardware Information Shows information about the hardware in use El 3 Hardware Information aJ VISA Instrument address b Instrument IDN c Instrument Type d Instrument Options VISA Insti relt AddOn onnur t rooted ae Y ead cei v oae v blade eut E ween 73 hnnc qm 73 PSUS AL TY Sls EU 73 SAFC INE OGD OMS DN 74 VISA Instrument Address Shows the VISA address of the instrument currently in use For more information see chapter 4 2 Configuring Instruments on page 57
39. used as the input argument of the model function creates an output signal at the DUT or model function showing the linear gain version of the input signal In mathematical terms this means that if x f y is the model function the predistortion function a p b is formed in such a way that x f p y results in x G y with G being the linear gain factor If you are using the Spectrum evaluation the DPD shows an increased ACP power as it must compensate the ACP power of the nonlinear behavior of the DUT For more information on supported models see chapter 4 4 Defining the DSP Proper ties on page 94 After DPD Expected Shows the expected AM AM characteristics of the output signal including digital pre distortion DPD If both the model and the DPD are calculated correctly the expected signal is a linear amplified version of the reference signal In that case the signal would be represented by the following function y Gain x For more information on supported models see chapter 4 4 Defining the DSP Proper ties on page 94 After DPD Measured Shows the measured AM AM characteristics of the output signal including digital pre distortion DPD For more information on the measurement configuration see chapter 4 3 8 Configur ing the I Q Recorder on page 89 Ideal Signal Shows the ideal AM AM characteristics of the signal at the DUT output AM PM The AM PM result display is the display used to observe no
40. 1 Rohde amp Schwarz Distortion Analysis Software R amp S FS K130PC Using the Smart Card Reader 2 3 Using the Smart Card Reader The software is licensed by a smart card licensing system This licensing system requires a smart card to be connected to the PC when you are using the software The smart card and dongle are available as separate products You can connect the smart card in two ways e Connect the smart card in SIM format If you want to connect the smart card in SIM format use the USB smart card reader that is included in the delivery of the software Connect the smart card in its full format If you want to connect the smart card in full format an interface compatible to the card format is required The following devices are able to read the smart card in full format Smart card reader integrated in a keyboard smart card reader integrated in a notebook smart card reader integrated in a desktop PC e g OMNIKEY smart card reader connected to the computer via serial bus or USB e g OMNI KEY USB reader connected to a LAN to USB converter to distribute the license via the network e g DIGI AnaywhereUSB 2 Licensing support If you have any difficulties with the licensing system support is only assured when you are using the USB smart card reader that is delivered with the smart card Using the USB smart card reader 1 Included in the delivery of the software is the smart card in full fo
41. 540152 National Instruments Y Start NI Spy Start NI Spy The Start NISpy button opens the NISpy software by National Instruments NISpy is a debug tool that you can use if you encounter bugs or problems with the remote control NISpy will compile an error report for your problem after pressing the Record button Save the report and send the file to Rohde amp Schwarz customer support For more information on its functionality refer to the NISpy manual available at http www ni com or the online help of the NISpy software Note that you have to install NISpy before you can use this function NISpy is one com ponent of the National Instruments VISA software package 2 8 3 License Information The R amp S FS K130PC only works in combination with a valid license Using Support Functions P Select the License Information menu item from the Help menu File Windows Tools Help Contents Index About E Release Note C Send a support mail HE Test automatic error report mailing License Information The License Information dialog box contains several functions to manage R amp S soft ware licenses Seid Device ID MAC Chip ID FSPC 1310 0002k02 100069 13100002K02 100069Na 204ADS0F2D44 m gt Check Licenses Enter License Key Code Process License Fio IDE DLL version 2 1 20 0 Check licenses Scans the system for R amp S licens
42. 6064148 0 No error 1000 13 read out software ID viWrite 0x06064148 IDN 6 6 viRead 0x06064148 Rohde amp Schwarz FS K130PC 1310 0090K00 2 0 0 300 1000 47 define the number of sample to generate viWrite 0x06064148 CONF IQGEN INT SAMP 534424 27 27 define the noise bandwidth viWrite 0x06064148 CONF IQGEN NOISE BW 5805186 16199493 37 37 define a frequency error for the DUT simulation viWrite 0x06064148 CONF DUT SIM IMP FREO 21043 7536239624 40 40 start the measurement viWrite 0x06064148 INIT IMM 9 9 read out the state of the measurement 1 indicates the software is busy viWrite 0x06064148 INIT BUSY 11 11 viRead 0x06064148 1 1000 2 read ot the state of the measurement 0 indicates the software is in idle mode viWrite 0x06064148 INIT BUSY 11 11 viRead 0x06064148 0 1000 2 read out the measurement confidence viWrite 0x06064148 FETCH NUM SYNC CONF 21 21 viRead 0x06064148 99 999903877052 1000 16 read out the measured frequency error viWrite 0x06064148 FETCH NUM SYNC FREQ 21 21 viRead 0x06064148 21043 7532514334 1000 18 Index Symbols TSU ValUG ge 112 A AGP channel Onset rte cir entere teneo Adjustment cycles E Adjustment Steps remanere aa AM AM result display ertt ente 40 AM PM Reference Axis n AM PM
43. 90 Use Wideband Measurement Palth titt eri vex eb vene 91 Measurement Data Source Selects the source of the I Q data You can get the measurement data at the DUT output in three ways Hardware Data recording by measuring the data with an analyzer e File Import the data you want to measure via a file Internal simulation Simulate a DUT according to specification Remote command CONF IOSINK SOUR HW FILE SIM System Bandwidth Defines the bandwidth of the system under test Configuring the Measurement The system bandwidth is the baseband bandwidth available for signal generation and DPD calculation For more information see Link Clock to System Bandwidth on page 61 e Manual Generator Clock Rate Resulting Generator Clock Rate on page 63 Remote command CONF IQSINK BW numeric value Periods to Capture Defines the number of I Q reference signal data blocks that the R amp S FS K130PC uses for averaging purposes The R amp S FS K130PC can average I Q data in both amplitude and phase When aver aging data the R amp S FS K130PC increases the recording length in order to capture the number of signal periods that you have defined here within one I Q recording within the capture buffer Remote command CONF IQSINK AVG numeric value Trigger Mode Selects the trigger that initiates the measurement Typically the marker output of the generator is connected to the trigger input of the an
44. CONF DOCO HW TYPE Configuring the Measurement Instrument Options Shows the options that are installed on the instrument currently in use This corresponds to the response to the oPT command supported by external equip ment Remote command Q Generator query only CONF IQGEN HW OPT Input Mixer query only CONF UPCO HW OPT Output Mixer query only CONF DOCO HW OPT 4 3 2 Converting the Baseband Signal A true RF DUT needs a baseband signal converted into an RF signal The correspond ing component is the RF section of a vector signal generator or a separate I Q to RF converter All settings necessary for the up conversion are available through the Input Mixer dialog box P Click on the Input Mixer component in the Hardware Configuration element The Input Mixer Properties dialog box opens USIJE e 70 Main SottlftgS inicr cer aeia seta ra Ere od dE eo dvd 71 e Configuring a Digital IF Shift 72 e Standalone ODUORS retinet T d d E d ds 72 e Hardware InfobmatlOti cerco menn er Cr E re Pei rae 73 e Special ODptiGIIS coe ie De D dd e t c de D iue i tee cade 74 4 3 2 1 Usage Contains basic settings for the input mixer E 0 Usage a Input mixer available for control Yes b Reset input mixer at start Yes c Control power Yes Input Mixer Available for Control niniin HR eed tae tpa Fk tao adits 70 Reset Input Mixer at
45. Configure Polynomial Models 105 4 4 1 Signal Flow Controls the main calculation steps that are performed by the software El 1 Signal flow a Sync mode Off b Channel estimation Using FFT c Modelling Polynomial enhanced d Detect pulses in ref signal No e DPD mode DPD once uetus T M RET 94 Channel Estimalioh 2 eerie eter a tr nie den e E Renee RR E eR e QUA aaedener 95 iustos 95 Detect Pulses It Reference Signal drerit better t ete er tenian 96 MD OGG ieri entoce a eee eee et uio e s Uer tiere Ped exte Ed 96 Sync Mode Selects the method of synchronization for the reference and measurement signal An exact synchronization is necessary to calculate a correct DUT model e Off Defining the DSP Properties Performs no synchronization Use this if you e g create both signals with an EDA tool like Matlab and provide them in a file e Timing Phase and Gain Estimates a reduced set of parameters e Frequency Timing Phase Gain IQ Parameter Estimates the full set of parameters In general it is recommended to select the last configuration e g if the instruments do not have reference frequencies coupled and a full set of parameters is to be estimated If the reference frequencies are coupled you can use Timing Phase and Gain If both signals are already aligned correctly switch the sync mode off This also speeds up the signal processing Note that only Freq
46. D function has been calculated The predistorted signal is the signal that applied to the DUT input or used as the input argument of the model function creates an output signal at the DUT or model function showing the linear gain version of the input signal In mathematical terms this means that if x f y is the model function the predistortion function a p b is formed in such a way that x f p y results in x G y with G being the linear gain factor If you are using the Spectrum evaluation the DPD shows an increased ACP power as it must compensate the ACP power of the nonlinear behavior of the DUT For more information on supported models see chapter 4 4 Defining the DSP Proper ties on page 94 After DPD Expected Shows the AM PM characteristics of the signal applied to the DUT input including digi tal predistortion DPD This predistorted signal is the inverted modeled signal and is thus a mirrored version of the modeled signal The mirror axis is represented by the following function y 0 For more information on supported models see chapter 4 4 Defining the DSP Proper ties on page 94 After DPD Measured Shows the measured AM PM characteristics of the output signal including digital pre distortion DPD For more information on the measurement configuration see chapter 4 3 8 Configur ing the I Q Recorder on page 89 3 2 7 3 2 8 Graphical Measurement Results land Q The I and Q signals are s
47. DUT input The value you enter here is also considered during the auto level procedure Remote command CONF DUT MAX PEAK numeric value 4 3 4 4 Configuring the Measurement Maximum RMS Level Defines the maximum RMS power level allowed at the DUT input In order to avoid damage to the DUT you can define the maximum RMS power level that is allowed at the DUT input The value you enter here is also considered during the auto level procedure Remote command CONF DUT MAX RMS numeric value Frequency Conversion Configuration Defines characteristics of frequency converting DUTs The DUT output frequency depends on the input frequency the multiplier the divider and the frequency offset For more information on how you can calculate the output frequency see Input Fre quency on page 76 El 4 Frequency conversion configuration a Multiplier 1 b Divider 1 c Frequency Offset 0Hz e AEE AE AE E E E E E E E N 78 BEA r A I A E A T I E A s M 78 eE EAE A LEES 78 Multiplier Defines the frequency multiplication factor for a frequency converting DUT For more information on how the multiplier is used see Input Frequency on page 76 Remote command CONF DUT FCON MUL numeric value Divider Defines a frequency division factor for a frequency converting DUT For more information on how the divider is used see Input Frequency on page 76 Remote command CONF DUT FCON DIV numeric
48. E E REES 72 Digital modulation Digital predistortion DPD b ilo T c Down conversion DSP config ratior eret e rentre epos 94 channel estimation seniii 95 99 COMPENSAM 2 eoe etr it err rrr eror reas 98 DPD dualtone filterihg retten 102 eq al step quantizer nnt 104 error compensation estimate 1 Q imbalance seeeeeeeeee ENGNG generic parameter calculation impulse response overlap eeeeeeee impulse response taps viiia modeling modeling range sisirin tr rrr nonlinear estimation order sssini periods to analyze range Size cese cese ri era rer ei Re ere rough correlation sync domain sess 97 search tolerance signal TOW sosirii roin rr ree trees signal synchronizatior entes 97 spline segments steps per spline SYNC MOJE E M System identification system Model risiini eror rrr tni ice upsambplirig Order trn ett rn volterra structure 79 DSP Optioris 5 cene aententia Dual tone stim llis 7 2 rettet ee tenete Dualtone filtering ET DUT input attenuatiori n rete ren DUT output attenuation rnm een DUT properties Duty Cycle iiire enr eee mie c ir rer eet ier E Equal step quantizer eic rene ener rone 104 Etror compensatio M sessen riore opt b TREE RENE 98 Esti
49. ET numeric value Maximum Model EVM and DPD Degradation Defines the maximum distance between any given EVM or DPD that has been calcula ted for a set of models and the lowest EVM that has been measured in the set of mod els If the distance to the lowest EVM or DPD is greater than the maximum degradation for any model the model is ignored in the measurement Instead the software uses the model e whose EVM or DPD is within the degradation you have defined and whose calculation complexity is lowest Remote command CONF DSP MOD EVM numeric value Upsampling Order Defines an increase in the number of samples of the reference and the measurement signal A higher number of samples results in a higher density of samples over the amplitude range A higher number of samples can also stabilize the spline approximation Remote command CONF DSP MOD UPSAM numeric value Quantization Points Defines the number of points that AM AM and AM PM curves are reduced to to lower the complexity of computing The curves might consist of a large number of measurement points To reduce the complexity and thus the time to compute those curves you can quantize merge sev eral measurement points into one Quantizing is available for memory free models Remote command CONF DSP MOD QPOIN numeric value Curve Inversion Segments Defines the number of sampling points for AM AM and AM PM curves before calcula tion of the inverse
50. K130PC the y axis values The result is a measure on the propability of the variable being greater than a certain value The CCDF Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function can be seen as an inte grated histogram The CCDF curve starts at min Y 1 as all y axis values are greater compared to the minimum one falls monotonic as the y axis values appear sorted and ends in max Y 1 number of y axis values as there can only be one maximum value 5 2 Configuring Measurement Results The Configuration dialog box contains functionality to customize the way the software displays measurement results Automatic parameter calculation Some parameters support automatic calculation of its ideal values auto For these parameters the automatic calculation is also the default value To select automatic calculation of ideal values clear the value in the corresponding field and press Enter User Manual 1173 1162 12 03 116 Configuring Measurement Results 5 2 1 Generic Configuration The Generic Configuration contains settings that define characteristics for all mea surement results and evaluation methods E 1 Generic configuration a Level unit Volt b Relative unit dB c Gain normalization Yes d amp M PM reference axis Reference signal e Agilent 89604 auto scaling No Level Unit Select the unit of all axes related to an absolute level Changing the unit affects result displays with absolute scaling
51. M full degree PM odd degree IV PM even degree 1 Curve type to be calculated 2 Minimum and maximum order of the model 3 Order of calculation Selecting the curves to be calculated R amp S9FS K130PC Configuring and Performing Measurements Generally you can select the curves that should be calculated by putting a checkmark in front of the modeling type e Complex Modeling Calculates the model s complex gain curve e AM Modeling Calculates the model s AM AM curves and DPD estimation e PM Modeling Calculates the model s AM AM curves DPD estimation and AM PM curves In addition to the type of curve you can also select if the full order of the model is calcu lated or odd or even factors only For AM AM calculations even exponents x x cause spectral components that are the same as integer multipliers of the signal s center frequency For example if the center frequency is 1 GHz the variable x would cause intermodulation at 2 GHz x would cause intermodulation at 3 GHz and so on Because of the limited bandwidth of the analyzer these signals cannot be measured Thus the calculation of the even exponents is not required In addition leaving out even exponents also results in more accurate modeling Selecting the degree of the polynomial The minimum and maximum degree of the model define the degree complexity and number of terms in the polynomial model In general a polynomial of the N degree l
52. Manual Generator Clock Rate Resulting Generator Clock Rate Defines the clock rate the I Q source generates the signal with You can either set the generator clock rate manually or couple the generator clock rate to the system bandwidth In that case the software shows the resulting generator clock rate in the corresponding field For more information see System Bandwidth on page 89 Link Clock to System Bandwidth on page 61 Note that if the generator clock rate is different from the system bandwidth the R amp S FS K130PC runs a resampling The purpose of the R amp S FS K130PC is to measure nonlinear effects These generate spectral regrowth amplitude components in addition to the signal Therefore you need to select a sampling rate or recording bandwidth in order to be able to record the sig nal and nonlinear effects Note If you generate the signal with a file that already contains clock rate information R amp S FS K130PC uses the clock rate specified here instead of that specified in the file Remote command Manual clock rate CONF IQGEN INT CLOCK numeric value Clock rate coupled to system bandwidth query only CONF IQGEN INT GENC Configuring a Noise Stimulus Defines the characteristics of a noise reference signal El 2 1 Noise stimulus settings a Bandwidth 1 MHz b Crest factor 10 dB c Noise notch width Hz d Noise notch offset Hz e Initial search cycles 20 f Adjustment
53. Measurement 4 3 8 Configuring the I Q Recorder 4 3 8 1 The last hardware component to configure is the I Q analyzer Like the I Q generator it is part of every measurement configuration The I Q recorder measures the signal records the data at the DUT output and shows the results Usually you will have a sig nal or spectrum analyzer as a data sink The I Q recording section of the analyzer is the part that correponds to the I Q Data Sink component P Click on the I Q Recorder component in the Hardware Configuration element The I Q Generator Properties dialog box opens e IMANRSSUINGS e ttr Dunt d RU ru P a te er UR 89 e Response File Settings neto Eire dE ies 91 Configuring ACP Measurements ssssssssssseseeeee eene entrent nnne 92 Main Settings Contains general characteristics of the signal analyzer El 1 Main settings a Measurement data source Hardware b System bandwidth 32 MHz c Periods to capture 1 d Trigger mode Immediate trigger e Measurement bandwidth Auto fJ Use wideband measurement path Not available Measurement Data SOoUrce ciis imeem a ea EU nha ar d nean a Ri pne aa Rai dna 89 System Bandwidth esssssssssssssssssse senten nennen nter es nrtne nnne sinn nnne 89 Periods to Caplule 2 a ica eerte cta de rv dde dv s d d va vd 90 Tigger MOE 90 Measurement Bandwidlth cies nnne nn nennen nnne nnns
54. NF IQSINK FILE NAME2 string Controlling Markers Defines marker characteristics El 5 Marker control a Restart marker Marker 1 b Marker 1 offset 0 Samples c Marker 2 offset 0 Samples d Marker 3 offset D Samples e Marker 4 offset 0 Samples Restart Marker e tre cte pas tne ee Usu ga ca Rv E RR TRAE each Ene g on Pdlesu e RR Re NRI YA 68 Marker 1 2 3 4 OWSQL uenire race boot secos e Fra hosce esent tates ce enun aste peccet gute ra Era qu 68 Restart Marker Selects the marker you want to use as the restart marker The restart marker is generated by the ARB generator as TTL level signal at the marker output port The restart marker is positioned on HIGH at the waveform start sample index 0 and on LOW after half of the waveform length Remote command CONF IQGEN MARK REST MARK1 MARK2 MARK3 MARK4 Marker 1 2 3 4 Offset Specifies the marker offset relative to the start of the waveform sample index 0 R amp S FS K130PC ignores a marker offset if the marker is also the restart marker Note You can define a negative marker offset A negative offset results in a pre trigger that positions the marker on HIGH prior to the waveform start 4 3 1 10 Configuring the Measurement The length of the HIGH period is 1 100 of the waveform length if there are more then 1000 samples and 7 of the waveform length if there are less then 1000 samples Remote command CONF IQGEN MARK x O0FFS
55. Numerical results New Graphical Result Window TET Message Log Restore default configuration 896044 compatible layout GR 896044 footer The R amp S FS K130PC rearranges the user interface to resemble the 89604A soft ware In Compatible mode the user interface consists of four graphical result dis plays 2 Select the 89604A Footer menu item from the Windows menu File Windows Tools Help Hardware configuration Je DSP configuration Numerical results EZ New Graphical Result Window ni Message Log A Restore default configuration 896044 compatible layout 7 896044 footer The R amp S FS K130PC adds and emulates the 89604A footer The footer contains numerical results and information about the measurement Customizing the User Interface 2 6 Customizing the User Interface In addition to adding and removing elements to and from the workspace you can also customize the layout of the user interface by docking elements to a particular position of the working area by adding a tab to an existing element or by altogether removing an element from the user interface 2 6 1 Docking Elements 1 Select an element in the title bar with the mouse and move it around until a docking spot appears Docking spots look like this E ed Move the mouse cursor over one of the possible docking spots The border of the docking spot turns blue The screen area in which the element wi
56. ORM DEFAULT V4 V6 V7 v7 3 Q Recorder CONF IQSINK FILE MLAB FORM DEFAULT V4 V6 V7 V7 3 Matlab Data Direction Defines the orientation of the data row or column For more information see Main Data Direction on page 111 Remote command l Q Generator CONF IQGEN FILE MLAB DIR LEFTRIGHT TOPBOTTOM Q Recorder CONF IOSINK FILE MLAB DIR LEFTRIGHT TOPBOTTOM 4 5 5 Specific Values Contains specific characteristics for measurements from a file El 5 Specific values a Ignore first 0 Samples b Read only 1 Samples c Remove DC No d Signal name Measurement signal MEAS ee Aa e M 114 cce 114 Remove o arie aaa aia a a Ea Ean adari AEA 114 eeh E E TE E cen ERE ota EN 114 Specifying the File Type Ignore First Ignores the first N samples when reading data from a file Remote command Q Generator CONF IOGEN FILE SPEC IGNO numeric value I Q Recorder CONF IOSINK FILE SPEC IGNO numeric value Read Only Read only N samples when reading data from a file To read all samples enter 1 Remote command l Q Generator CONF IOGEN FILE SPEC READ numeric value l Q Recorder CONF IOSINK FILE SPEC READ numeric value Remove DC Remove the DC component from the read I Q data by calculating the mean and Q
57. PC provides a customized set of traces In the result diagram each trace is displayed in a different color Above the diagram the R amp S FS K130PC shows a legend with the name and color of every active trace cur rently in the diagram The labels of the axis are the same as that of the current evalua tion method The scaling may be different for each trace and is adjusted accordingly This chapter gives a short overview of the characteristics of all available traces 1 From the res select dopdown menu select the trace you d like to see Each currently active trace has a check mark in front of it v The same procedure also deselects individual traces 2 Nextto the trace selection dropdown menu is a deselect all traces function Press ing the amp button clears the diagram from all traces For a more comprehensive reference of available traces see the description of the result displays chapter 3 2 Graphical Measurement Results on page 33 Shortcuts Instead of using the mouse to activate and deactivate a trace you can also use short cuts The shortcuts are Ctrl number with number being the number of the trace as it appears in the dropdown menu So for example to display the DUT Model trace the 5th in the dropdown menu in the Power result display the shortcut would be Ctrl 5 The figure below shows the signal flow and the stage the corresponding traces result from The colors in the diagram correspond to th
58. PM EVEN MIN numeric value PM even degree max CONF DSP POLY DPD PM EVEN MAX numeric value Order CONF DSP POLY DPD ORDER numeric value Specifying the File Type The R amp S FS K130PC allows you to use several file formats for both import and export e g files that contain the reference signal characteristics or files that contain the char acteristics of the measurement signal gt In the File Type field click the mf button The Data File Format Definition dialog box opens In the Data File Format Definition dialog box you can specify several characteris tics of the file you want to use for import or export You can define characteristics for the I DQ Generator and the I Q Recorder separately 4 5 1 Parameter groups Except for the Basic Settings the software expands the parameter groups only if they are relevant for the file type you have selected For more information see e Q Reference Signal Type on page 61 Measurement Data Source on page 81 BASIC SOUINGS MNT 107 e Binary Format Specification rer erbe trennt trn Becks ux Re alow a ni 108 e ASCII Format Specification enne nnns 110 e Matlab Format SpecitcallOfi aceite ter reta oe thiet atri spe rnt ene Eee e Ene 112 Specie ValuBS iui aser din oe te deir HG one EE ea Ad ERU a ede pude 113 Basic Settings Contains general file characteristics E 1 Basic settings a File type Binary 1 f
59. Predistorted gal 2 Cetero ei e erre ER e ERE RR ere 36 Measured Signal After DPD Expected eesssseeeseeneneeenneneennn 36 Measured Signal After DPD Measured edenda ec 36 Graphical Measurement Results Reference Signal Shows the power characteristics of the reference signal The reference signal repre sents the ideal signal for your purposes as selected and present at the DUT input For more information on generating a reference signal see chapter 3 1 Recording a Reference Signal on page 30 and chapter 4 3 1 Configuring the I Q Generation on page 59 Measured Signal Shows the power characteristics of the synchronized measured signal at the DUT output The software uses this signal for the model estimation process To match both signals visually you can eliminate the nominal gain of the measurement signal For more information see Gain Normalization on page 117 For more information on the measurement configuration see chapter 4 3 8 Configur ing the I Q Recorder on page 89 Modeled Signal Shows the power characteristics of the signal when the calculated model has been applied to the reference signal If the model matches the behavior of the DUT the characteristics of the signal are the same as those of the measured signal minus the noise For more information on supported models see chapter 4 4 Defining the DSP Proper ties on page 94 EVM Reference Signal vs Measured
60. QGEN FILE BIN FOFFS numeric value I Q Recorder CONF IOSINK FILE BIN FOFFS numeric value Resulting Value Range Shows the range of possible values based on the Data Format the Fixed Point Scal ing and Offset Remote command l Q Generator query only CONF IQGEN FILE BIN RANGE I Q Recorder query only CONF ITOSINK FILE BIN RANGE ASCII Format Specification Defines characteristics for files whose contents are in ASCII format Specifying the File Type El 3 ASCII format specification a Main data direction Sample index in row direction left right b IQ data order Block Q beside c 1st value is l d Sample separator e Row separator lt CR LF gt f Decimal separator Click on the Show Example button to preview an example of the orientation and used separator characters of the data Main Data DIFeGllO nore e RASREERKE A UR RENTRER E NRARSN INNEREN NN 111 VO DA OMEN C 111 UCIB CIR i 112 Sample Separator retener etae te asa Rete ge Res eR Rosas A 112 ROW OOM aU ir e erue spectet here Teo ee atc ya ete a Fea dr ne ae tees 112 DecimalSep alo eere quen ee tate a ere did xen debi ated enu iso Dee s etae aaedud de 112 Main Data Direction Defines the orientation of the data row or column The R amp S FS K130PC supports e Sample index in row direction left right In
61. R amp SOFS K130PC Distortion Analysis Software User Manual TET 1173 1162 12 03 Test amp Measurement User Manual This manual covers the following products R amp S FS K130PC 1310 0090 02 2014 Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG M hldorfstr 15 81671 M nchen Germany Phone 49 89 41 29 0 Fax 49 89 41 29 12 164 E mail info rohde schwarz com Internet www rohde schwarz com Subject to change Data without tolerance limits is not binding R amp S is a registered trademark of Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG Trade names are trademarks of the owners The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual R amp S9FS K130PC is abbreviated as R amp S FS K130PC R amp S FS K130PC Contents 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 Contents Documentation OVerviBW ea sees ee suna eed nneucuus Ga do Ernie pa Deut ea Eee cxx Ende 5 Welcome to R amp S FS K130PC cceeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeee 6 System Requirements ree cce rere cenare conan annot tna se oet uk ETETA NaN ER ccce Ya E Ree 6 Installing the Softwaro 2 reuerentia ernnte tine eimnec in nannten 7 Using the Smart Card Reader esee nennen nnne nnns 11 Starting the Softwaro iieesiiceeeeeciiieeesecce esee Tenkis 13 Adding Windows to the Workin
62. RF frequency 1 GHz b Sampling frequency 10 MHz c Sampling time 1ms d Samples 10000 Sample e Use wideband measureme Not available fJ Signal is pulsed No 3 1 1 2 Recording a Reference Signal RF Frequency Defines the center frequency of the signal you want to use as the reference signal Remote command not supported Sampling Frequency Defines the number of samples the wizard acquires during the sampling period sam ple rate Remote command not supported Sampling Time Defines the length of the sample that the wizard records to get the reference signal from Remote command not supported Samples Shows the number of samples that the wizard records and calculates the reference signal from The number of samples results from the sampling frequency and the sampling time Remote command not supported Use Wideband Measurement Path Turns the wideband path for a higher measurement bandwidth on and off Note that a higher measurement bandwidth might add unwanted effects e g increased noise to the measurement Wideband measurement paths are available with hardware options for the R amp S FSQ R amp S FSV and R amp S FSW For more information refer to the datasheet of the analyzers Remote command CONF IOSINK WBAN ON OFF Signal Is Pulsed Selects if the signal the reference signal is based on is a pulsed signal or not Remote command not supported Signal Processing Defines the characteristics
63. ROOIS MENU Jeter D Pa Coco d d dedit 25 TACO SIS retener renean 122 Traces AM AM result display AM PM result display capture buffer channel result display constellation diagram xs EVM result display ttr nitens OXPOMMING E gain result display and Q result display power result display aiii isesi mine SAVING i ciertas Trigger mode Trigger offset BI e URDU 117 Iu P 117 p COnVefSslODs secco toc rete qt tat neon Li va e Ra da e PARRA 70 Update result display Upsampling order Use external mixer d 87 WSEMOISE COMECHON a eco resinae retten 93 V Volterra StU CHUNG crc ose E rto ceri E ia 105 W Wideband measurement path ssssssse 31 91 Wrap around only Wrap around size X X axis Scalig s rro het ere t rae 119 Y RE REX 119 Z ZOOM MACE p E 122
64. Remote command Q Generator CONF IQGEN HW VISA string Input Mixer CONF UPCO HW VISA string Ouput Mixer CONF DOCO HW VISA string Instrument Type Shows name serial number and firmware version of the instrument currently in use This corresponds to the response to the IDN command supported by external equip ment Remote command l Q Generator query only CONF IQGEN HW IDN Input Mixer query only CONF UPCO HW IDN Output Mixer query only CONF DOCO HW IDN Instrument Type Shows the type of instrument that has been detected Configuring the Measurement The instrument type is found out via the instrument IDN If the instrument is not detec ted as a Rohde amp Schwarz instrument unknown is displayed Remote command l Q Generator query only CONF IQGEN HW TYPE Input Mixer query only CONF UPCO HW TYPE Output Mixer query only CONF DOCO HW TYPE Instrument Options Shows the options that are installed on the instrument currently in use This corresponds to the response to the oPT command supported by external equip ment Remote command Q Generator query only CONF IQGEN HW OPT Input Mixer query only CONF UPCO HW OPT Output Mixer query only CONF DOCO HW OPT 4 3 2 6 Special Options Contains various special parameters to configure the input mixer with E 5 Special options EJ a Post config commands String Array Post G
65. Symbols idisse cd Dae Ail eer iae re ote vede Ced etra eae cea os 66 COVERS ANN PUIG e eue cei ORE FREN EMEN REFS EE ENUd IS E RA XAR EATON Se PERS PAES 66 4 3 1 7 Configuring the Measurement alib qe cm 66 Fiter ROMO C aaa 66 Sao RASS Sc X 66 Modulation Type Selects the modulation for a digitally modulated stimulus Remote command CONF IQGEN DMOD TYPE QPSK OQPSK 8PSK 3PI 8 8PSK 16QAM 32QAM Number of Symbols Defines the number of symbols that a digitally modulated signal contains If you want to generate a 3pi 8 8PSK modulated signal the number of symbols has to be an integer multiple of 16 Remote command CONF IQGEN DMOD SYMB numeric value Oversampling Defines an oversampling factor for digitally modulated signals Oversampling decreases the occupied bandwidth of a signal by increasing the signal clock rate For DPD measurements you should use an oversampling factor of 4 or more Remote command CONF IQGEN DMOD 0V numeric value Filter Type Selects the pulse shaping filter type for digital modulation Remote command CONF IQGEN DMOD FILT RRC RC Filter Roll Off Defines the roll off factor for the digital modulation filter The roll off factor defines the shape of the filter slopes Remote command CONF IQGEN DMOD ROLL numeric value Symbol Rate Shows the symbol rate of digitally modulated sig
66. TCH NUM INTE IIP3 IIP5 query only FETCH NUM INTE IIP5 OIP3 query only FETCH NUM INTE OIP3 OIP5 query only FETCH NUM INTE OIP5 Numerical Measurement Results 3 4 4 Modulation Quality The modulation quality results contain results that show the error between the refer ence signal and the signal that has been measured 4 Modulation quality Leni Tuis ee 3d uw eiie dos LM han 1 EVM RMS RMS value of the error vector magnitude between synchronized reference and mea surement signal The result summary shows the EVM in dB and 96 An additional EVM RMS is shown in case you have applied the DPD to the signal gt Use Model For DPD Note that the software captures additional I Q data to calculate the EVM after DPD Remote command EVM query only FETCH NUM MOD EVM RMS EVM after DPD query only FETCH NUM DPD EVM RMS EVM Peak Peak value of the error vector magnitude between synchronized reference and mea surement signal The result summary shows the EVM in dB and 96 An additional EVM Peak is shown in case you have applied the DPD to the signal gt Use Model For DPD Note that the software captures additional I Q data to calculate the EVM after DPD Remote command EVM query only FETCH NUM MOD EVM PEAK EVM after DPD query only FETCH NUM DPD EVM PEAK 3 4 5
67. VISA String check the instrument status and test the selected instrument connection 4 3 Configuring the Measurement The Hardware Configuration window serves several purposes For one it visualizes the data flow in a block diagram The block diagram consists of all hardware compo nents you re using in the measurement In addition you define settings via the hard ware configuration gt Select the Hardware Configuration menu item from the Windows menu Configuring the Measurement File Windows Tools Help fe DSP configuration Numerical results EZ New Graphical Result Window d Message Log The Instrument Connection Configuration dialog box opens This chapter contains a detailed description of all elements and settings available in the Hardware Configuration dialog box QGontfigurig the WO Generator dcus cae reondtt e renean e Re er Rhen tree nan nx rne 59 e Converting the Baseband Signal oes tesi cereus Rua 70 e Attenuating at the DUT JInp l 2 eite trt ttai re tierna 74 Coniouring the DUT XE 75 e Defining Signal Mod amp als it cett cett cte t ttr tet ttt obti 81 Attenuaung the DUT O tpUL t eh teh d snails 85 e Converting the RF Sighal recen eeeeezei tbi tbt ted erret FER ERRn De FRA 86 e Gonfiguring the VQ RECO irren rra taxe nie eek ett hen AE 89 4 3 1 Configuring the I Q Generation The I Q Generator component gene
68. a model instead of a polyno mial model For more information on the measurement configuration see chapter 4 3 8 Configur ing the I Q Recorder on page 89 Gain The Gain result display shows the amplification and error effects of the DUT as a function of the DUT input or output power The gain is the ratio of the input and output power of the DUT Nonlinear effects typically result in a trace that drops near high power levels or does not follow the ideal horizontal gain line also in low level regions The available trace types are as follows Graphical Measurement Results e pcdru ge sepe 37 Galli vs Measured Sigla rever a vx E Pes rn 37 Gain vs Reference Model ie niiss utente cope tuat u pn n inanan 37 Gain vs Measured Signal after DPD Expected eese 37 Gain vs Measured Signal after DPD Measureq eeeeeeenee 38 EVM vs Reference Sighal 2h rri et tede he Ie etie edene rds 38 Gain vs Measured Signal shifted to the reference peak sssssssss 38 Gain vs Reference Signal Shows the signal gain as a function of the reference signal power In case of nonlinear amplifiers or DUTs the gain decreases if the input power becomes too high to follow the linear part of the DUT characteristics For very low levels the trace widens vertically due to noise influence Because of memory effects the trace usually widens in the low level and high level range
69. aaadevieeed lt cnanas 60 ARB Available for Control Turns control of the signal generator on and off When you turn generator control on the software applies the configuration as defined in the I Q Generator properties via remote control Turning generator control off implicates that you have to configure the generator man ually Remote command CONF IQGEN REM ENAB Reset ARB at Start Turns an automatic reset of the signal generator prior to a measurement on and off When you turn the reset on the software applies the configuration you have defined for the signal generator each time a measurement starts Remote command CONF IQGEN REM PRES Main Settings Contains general characteristics of the signal generator El 1 Main settings a ARB upload behaviour Always b IQ reference signal type Noise c ARB root file name FS K130 d Link clock to system bandwidth No ARB Upload Belaylpr creare teneret xko toten Ruhe E nacet A 60 I Q Reference Signal Type sssssssssssssesssseseseneen entente trennt niens 61 ARB Root File Nat eee tates osi ee ERE tu get va E RT AE ETERA 61 Link Glock to System BandWwidlli ot rrr ter ete Rech ks 61 ARB Upload Behavior Selects the condition of when to initiate a signal upload The upload may take a while depending on the number of I Q samples The number of samples can reach 1 000 000 An upload is only neces
70. able Selecting a result group Use the dropdown menu on the top to jump directly to a certain group of results e e Signal SynehrohizeltloPt dcc dert te terr t o eor o dert Ce tt rc e ace d ud 49 EE e cUcSTR ECOLE 51 Modulation Quality 2r e darent etr Rotes Renee eae Le er adu n Ra RE dadn 53 e Syslem ModellFig reduc Sentent ddr cc dle dee ete ee aden adam 53 NM Deeper c E 54 Power Power results show various aspects of the power of the signal at the DUT input and output 1 Power measurement DUT Input RMS RMS power at the DUT input R amp S FS K130PC sets the input RMS power during the auto level process It is the numerical not measured final output RMS power of the signal generator The value is corrected by the DUT input attenuation that you have set in the signal flow Note If you have set a duty cycle the RMS power is corrected by the duty cycle to add to the RMS power during the ON time of the signal Numerical Measurement Results For more information see e Duty Cycle on page 67 Remote command Query only FETCH NUM POW INP RMS DUT Input Peak Peak power at the DUT input R amp S FS K130PC calculates the input peak power from the input RMS power and the crest factor of the signal It is a numerical calculation not the measured power Remote command Query only FETCH NUM POW INP PEAK DUT Input Crest Crest fact
71. activates input for that parameter There are three types of input for a parameter e Select an item from a dropdown list shows after selecting the parameter e Selecta file from a standard Windows dialog box or open an extended dialog box that contains complex software properties shows after selecting the parameter e Enter a value or name as you require including or excluding the unit field stays empty no icon shows If you include a unit you can use shortcuts e g k for kHZ 2 5 3 2 5 3 1 Adding Windows to the Working Area Parameter description The parameter description contains a short description of the selected parameter You can find a detailed description of each parameter in chapter 4 Configuring and Per forming Measurements on page 56 Pressing the F1 key while the parameter is active opens a more detailed help For more information on the help system see chapter 2 7 Using the Help System on page 24 Measurement Results Measurement results are available in graphical and numerical form Graphical Results Graphical results or result displays visualize the results as traces in a diagram Traces may be lines or points You can add as many graphical result windows as you like P Press the amp icon or select the New Graphical Result Window menu item from the Windows menu File Windows Tools Help 4 Hardware configuration Je DSP configuration Numerical results GO N
72. ain version of the input signal In mathematical terms this means that if x f y is the model function the predistortion function a p b is formed in such a way that x f p y results in x G y with G being the linear gain factor If you are using the Spectrum evaluation the DPD shows an increased ACP power as it must compensate the ACP power of the nonlinear behavior of the DUT For more information on supported models see chapter 4 4 Defining the DSP Proper ties on page 94 Measured Signal After DPD Expected Shows the expected power characteristics of the output signal including digital predis tortion DPD If both the model and the DPD are calculated correctly the expected signal is a linear amplified version of the reference signal Note Because the DUT may get into high compression the total RMS level may be lower than the measured measured signal without DPD For more information on supported models see chapter 4 4 Defining the DSP Proper ties on page 94 Measured Signal After DPD Measured Shows the measured power characteristics of the output signal including digital predis tortion DPD If this signal is different to the expected signal this is usually an indicator that the DUT does not behave according to the model or that the DPD is not possible with the selected model function To get a better signal including digital predistortion try for example to increase the model order or select the Volterr
73. al Shows the characteristics of the reference signal over time The reference signal repre sents the ideal signal for your purposes as selected and present at the DUT input For more information on generating a reference signal see chapter 3 1 Recording a Reference Signal on page 30 and chapter 4 3 1 Configuring the I Q Generation on page 59 Measured Signal Shows the characteristics of the measured signal over time The measured signal represents the characteristics of the DUT you are testing Measured Signal with DPD Shows the characteristics of the measured signal over time including digital predistor tion DPD The measured signal represents the characteristics of the DUT you are testing Power The Power result display shows the power of the signal over time after the synchroni zation process has been finished You can examine the signal from various angles within signal definition measurement and processing flow The time period the software analyzes depends on the number of samples you have set The available trace types are as follows Reference Signal ernn iser Lt ra pe ELLE ER CARTER ETE A RAE PAIR RELEASE RETE EEEIEE 35 Measured SIMs 4 dtr reni od P tete iln x HR RD am Peta dd xRER 35 Modeled Signal 1r ceesee tette rrr prier epo ite penne e Erunt ANARAN 35 EVM Reference Signal vs Measured Signal 4 ciens enne 35 EVM Measured Signal vs Modeled Signal eene 35
74. alid periodic signal is detected or not Note that displaying the complete capture buffer in case of a high number of averages may consume a lot of resources memory and processing power Remote command not supported 3 1 1 4 Special Options Store Raw Captured Signal Turns the storage of the raw data of the reference signal that has been captured on and off 3 2 3 2 1 Graphical Measurement Results When you turn this feature on the software stores the selected reference signal in a file as a 32 bit floating vector The data sequence is IQIQIQ The file name is RefWi zard_iqiq iqw The location of the file depends on the Debug File Root by default this is the directory the software was installed in Remote command not supported Graphical Measurement Results The R amp S FS K130PC provides several result displays Each result display shows a certain aspect of the signal characteristics Each result display features a customized set of traces A trace shows the results for a particular signal For more information see chapter 3 3 Selecting Traces on page 45 1 Press the icon or select the New Graphical Result Window menu item from the Windows menu File Windows Tools Help ee Hardware configuration Jk DSP configuration Numerical results G New Graphical Result Window ri Message Log The R amp S FS K130PC adds a new result window to the workspace 2 Select the result display f
75. aluation The CCDF Parameters define the way the CCDF is evaluated For more information see X Axis Is on page 121 5 3 Scaling the Axis You can customize each of the result displays to make them look like you want By default the R amp S FS K130PC shows a line trace The software however does not receive a line but one point for each pixel on the horizontal axis It then interpolates those points to get a line trace If you are more comfortable with the original results i e a dotted trace you can switch between line trace and dotted trace with the Show Line and Show Dots buttons The R amp S FS K130PC adjusts the result display accordingly You can also automatically adjust the vertical axis with the Auto Scale Always button If active the R amp S FS K130PC automatically adjusts the vertical after each measurement in order for an optimal fit of the trace If you are displaying the measurement results in more than one result display all result displays are updated after each measurement To compare two results visually you can freeze one result display with the Freeze button The R amp S FS K130PC freezes the result display in which the button is active but still updates all other result display With the Update button you can update the result display any time but have to unfreeze it first Most of the result displays cover a large span If you need to see a small area of the trace in more d
76. alyzer to indicate the start of a signal This trigger may not be available if for exam ple you generate the reference signal with an external generator In that case you have to increase the recording length to three reference signal periods in order to cap ture the requested amount of data under all circumstances Immediate trigger The data capture starts as soon as the analyzer is ready External trigger The data capture starts as soon as the analyzer recognizes a trigger event at its input Note The immediate trigger is not available in case of signals that are not periodic The immediate trigger also slightly slows down the measurement because snychroni zation takes more time Remote command CONF IQSINK TRIG MODE IMM EXT Measurement Bandwidth Defines the resolution bandwidth for I Q and auto level measurements If you set the resolution bandwidth automatically R amp S FS K130PC sets the smallest available bandwidth that is greater than 1 5 times the sampling rate Note Some analyzers ignore the measurement bandwidth defined here Instead they determine the bandwidth directly from the sampling rate you have set For more infor mation refer to the documentation of the analyzer gt TRACe IQ remote commands Remote command CONF IQSINK MBW numeric value 4 3 8 2 Configuring the Measurement Use Wideband Measurement Path Turns the wideband path for a higher measurement bandwidth on and off Note t
77. am header You can change the unit for all result displays in the Configuration Dialog R amp S FS K130PC Analyzing Measurement Results Spectrum This evaluation method shows the frequency spectrum of the signal The type of dis play of the spectrum is adapted to the characteristics of the result display Histogram The histogram is a tool that shows the statistical frequencies of the measured values e g the statistical frequency of measured power levels The complete range of measured values is split into a certain number of bins with each bin representing a particular interval of the whole value range Each value that has been measured is put into the corresponding interval or bin and then plotted in a diagram The R amp S FS K130PC then connects the coordinates that the histogram defines The result is a line chart The histogram itself is the basis for the CCDF To evaluate the histogram the Y axis values are taken without taking the X axis val ues into account Then the range between the minimum and maximum Y axis value is separated in a certain amount of divisions the so called bins and each Y axis value is put into the corresponding bin The CCDF is then the number of values within one bin relative to the total amount ov Y axis values For more information CCDF The Complentary Cumulative Distribution Function CCDF is a tool to describe the probability distribution of a specific variable in case of the R amp S FS
78. amplifier is still away from the optimum or if it has already past the compression point Remote command Query only FETCH NUM INTE LGAIN 1 dB Compression Point Input Level Input power level at which the output power drops 1 dB below the theoretical linear output power To calculate the 1 dB compression point the software evaluates the linear small sig nal gain value from the measurement data and fits it to the low power region From that it derives the intersection of the measured non linear gain curve and a theoretical linear gain curve whose gain is 1 dB lower Remote command Query only FETCH NUM INTE DB1C IIP3 IIP5 OIP3 OIP5 3rd and 5th order intercept points the value is either the power at the input IIP or at the output OIP To calculate the IPs the software uses a polynomial model based on the measured data IPs are only defined for memory free conditions After the model has been cal culated the R amp S FS K130PC applies a dual tone signal to the model increases the power of the signal and calculates its harmonic components 3rd and 5th order The intercept point Nth order is the point at which the power of the fundamental is the same as the power of the Nth harmonic signal component Note Intercept point calculation If the DUT has no significant compression effect in the measured input power region the calculation of the IPs may fail Remote command IIP3 query only FE
79. anging the multiplier increases the sweep time by the defined factor Thus the com plete sweep time is calculated according to ReferenceSignalPeriod NumberOfTracePoints SweepTimeMultiplier Increasing the sweep time stabilizes ACP measurement results and decreases noise Remote command CONF IQSINK ACP SWE MUL numeric value Sweep Time Limit Defines a maximum sweep time to limit the length of measurements The sweep time may become very long if the repitition period is long Thus limiting the sweep time is a way to keep measurements in a reasonable time frame If the automat ically calculated sweep time exceeds the sweep time limit the R amp S FS K130PC uses the sweep time limit as the sweep time for subsequent measurements Remote command CONF IQSINK ACP SWE LIM numeric value System Bandwidth Overrides Auto Span Turns automatic calculation of the displayed frequency range on and off if the system bandwidth is greater than the calculated span By default the software automatically calculates the frequency range that is displayed regardless of the system bandwidth In that case it may be that parts of the signal are not displayed To view the complete signal bandwidth you can expand the displayed frequency range to the value of the system bandwidth by turning the override on Remote command CONF IOQSINK ACP SBW ON OFF Use Noise Correction Turns noise cancellation on and off If you are using noise
80. ar Estimation Order Defines the supposed nonlinear order of the DUT used to estimate the nonlinear parameters The IP3 or IP5 for example are derived from parameters of a nonlinear equation The equation that is used to this end has a specific order that can not be estimated The nonlinear estimation order sets the order you need to calculate the equation If the order is set too high too much energy may be spread to high order terms lead ing to wrong measurement results in lower orders and thus errors in the calculation of genereic parameters like the IP3 Remote command CONF DSP GEN NLORD numeric value Channel Estimation Defines the channel estimation characteristics The channel estimation process calculates the amplitude and phase response of the DUT It also controls that spectral components that do not have enough power do not contribute on the impulse response calculation El 5 Channel estimation a Impulse response taps 1024 b Impulse response overlap 75 Impulse RESPONSE Ta3js c icr rhet dee IE Gans date ORE 99 Impulse Response Overlap sssesssseese nennen nennen nennen nnne nnn nennen 99 Impulse Response Taps Defines the number of taps R amp S FS K130PC uses to calculate the impulse response The number is the sampling point count for calculating the impulse response from the reference and measurement data Remote command CONF DSP CEST TAPS numeric value Impulse Resp
81. below Microsoft NET Framework Version 2 0 HQ orem issage box tets you NET Framework is installed or not If NET is not installed NET Framework Installer exe and follow the instructions installing required components e Start he nstaliaton of ail required components by usi RAS Framework installer ene A dialog box lists all required components Check fe labon State of the components you want to install ithe component is Ready to instalf t can be installed by just selecting Me component with fe checkbox in the frst column and clicking Install selected components afterwards Mithe component is Ready to download the Framework Installer cannot fing the installation fiie on a local hard drive You need to download the component and install it manualy e install he missing components wih the install selected components button instal VISA Nis necessary to install VISA Virtual Instrument Software Architecture to access instruments connected to the PC via EEE or LAN bus Please use the National Instruments SA e TheNabonal instrument VISA driver CD is supplied together with Ihe R amp S FSPC You can ZO hip f eve ni corm visa to gel the taiest version for your operating system 1 Check for NET Framework installation 2 Install NET Framework 3 Install other required components MATLAB etc 4 Install VISA Installing the Software Installing software components 1 Click on the R amp S Framework
82. by a message like Installation Finished Therefore it might be necessary to restart the framework installer and check again if all components are installed Installing VISA It is also necessary to install VISA Virtual Instrument Software Architecture to access instruments connected to the PC via IEEE or LAN bus It is recommended to use the National Instruments VISA driver The National Instru ment VISA driver CD is supplied together with the R amp S FSPC You can also visit http www ni com visa to get the latest version for your operating system if you are licensed to 2 2 2 Installing R amp S FS K130PC After installing all required components you can install the R amp S FS K130PC Installing the Software gt Navigate to the Software Installation category in the Installation tab Safety insti uctsons Document stron Contact Installing R amp S FS K96 OFDM Vector Signal Analysis Software After having instalied all required components 0 install the RES FS K96 em The installer will do the following e install Me RAS FS K96 software inciuding an uninstall tool e Create a Windows Start Menu entry Programs R amp S OFDM Vector Signal Analysts Software e Create a shortcut on the desktop optional Start he software via fe Start menu entry or the shortcut on fe desktop You can uninstall the sofware itself via the uninstall too avatabie in the Windows Start Menu folder or via Add or Remowe Software in th
83. ck on the diagrams the corresponding context menus provide func tionality similar to that of the context menu for the result diagrams e Hardcopy functionality e Zooming functionality e Scaling functionality In the default state the input peak for all models is 0 dBm You can change the input peak in steps of 1 dBm In the File menu of the Simulation Curve Editor you can restore the scaling of the diagrams e select the signal type dual tone or noise Remote command CONF DUT SIM MOD MODEL LINEAR DING2 DING1 DING4 AGILENT DINGNOMEM FILTER GROB KOKKELER R4 081509 R4 082544 TEST 001 4 3 5 3 Configuring the Measurement Premodel Gain Defines the gain applied to the I Q baseband signal before the software applies the amplifier model Defining a premodel gain may be useful to for example move the amplifier model into the saturation region without changing the input level Remote command CONF DUT SIM MOD PRE numeric value Postmodel Gain Defines the gain applied to the I Q baseband signal after the software applies the amplifier model Defining a postmodel gain may be useful to for example simulate a more linear gain and thus reduce nonlinear effects without changing the input level Remote command CONF DUT SIM MOD POST numeric value Use Model For DPD Includes or excludes the DPD from the signal model When you turn it on the software gene
84. ck to system bandwidth 61 LOACING Settings terret er rtr 13 LOOPING MEASUFEMENIS creen 57 M Ma iri data direction ainser cite teret 111 IE ntque Main settings MEIN PLI offset restart Marker Control Eee Marker offset Matlab format Maximum level error ccccccccccccesseeeceesssssseeeeeeeeesssseeeeees Maximum linear gaili cos oe etn rtis rion erac nne Maximum number of samples Maximum peak level eee treinta Maximum ratings 3 treten e cin iet cie ro tener eco maximum RMS level Mean modeling error tos re ea oo toa nite rne to e n She Measurement bandwidth iiss 2 a oa attire enn conne 90 data SOUFCe enssins 81 89 ELETA e M 122 frequency oro TEE A TO 57 jo 57 Menu bar e H 13 peo aei aiaa as a aroan aaO EAE 25 Message log MU 21 Model polynomial e arine aeaaeae rich ett 102 Model nonlinearity sasiserigreinasirediseisei nanten tk 82 Modeling Modeling tange sseni aidian E Modulation aigen D Modulation quality results gi M tiplhe Pasean e a AAR N rm NOISE COMECON icc deca ern iaae Noise notch offset Noise notcli width cese cerne cian eta NOISE SCO RC Noise stimulus Nonlinear estimation order sssssssesee 99 Number of ACP channels
85. culation Min Max Min Max Polynomial degree 1 3 Polynomial degree 1 9 Tap count 1 l 3 Tap count 1 9 V Use only odd polynomial degrees Use only odd polynomial degrees Reset OK Cancel System Modeling Volterra Defines the characteristics of a Volterra model El 6 4 System modelling Volterra a Volterra structure 7 0 5 0 3 0 1 Volterra Stf ctlfe eid cerse etait Etpe uiu en up ru enn era R ani Dne apaia Denn nara aaa aadd 105 Volterra Structure Opens a dialog box to define the order and memory depth of the model Configure the volterra model according to the needs required by the DUT characteris tics The dialog box shows the basic layout of the Volterra kernel For each polynomial order or power you can set the memory depth Polynomial orders are represented by the position of the number within the configured number sequence The memory depth is represented by the number at this position You can select 0 meaning do not take this order into account or any even number as the model is symmetric in time delay Remote command CONF DSP VOLT STRU numeric values forexample 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 FETCH MOD VOLT DUT FETCH MOD VOLT DPD Appendix Remote Commands to Configure Polynomial Models Polynomial modeling configuration Complex state CONF DSP POLY MOD COMP STAT ON OFF Complex min degree CONF DSP POLY MOD COMP MIN numeric value Complex max degre
86. cycles 50 g Adjustment steps 50 h Maximum error 0 02 dB Generator Bandwidlh ei m te e e dn nee v Del a we 63 Eea pM DUET 64 NOISE NOLO VM ICI egent cece codes sfchons Sepatu ehda paucae aa Get ern tra ttes epa idu Ness aska esas 64 Noise NOCH iS OE uode D eoe t t ete era nte cp Pec qu 64 Initial Search Oy6loS uiu dinde c ERR UE Lee A LEE DUE LEE eee 64 Pune erc EE 64 Adjustment Steps gerer tenere batnr tee ER Fette nen a EE FRTE odaat Ue e Een OA dp en 65 Maximum EO 2 etri e ee tcd ice etre tado vot d vet dt eto tse aded 65 Generator Bandwidth Defines the bandwidth of an internally generated noise reference signal If you have selected a Noise reference signal enter the RF bandwidth of the signal For more information see Configuring the Measurement e Q Reference Signal Type on page 61 Remote command CONF IQGEN NOISE BW numeric value Crest Factor Defines the crest factor for the signal The crest factor shows the average power in relation to the peak power Remote command CONF IQGEN NOISE CREST numeric value Noise Notch Width Defines the width of a notch that you can add to a noise signal Within the notch all carriers of the noise signal have zero amplitude You can use the noise notch to for example determine the noise power ratio NPR before and after the DPD Remote command CONF IQGEN NOISE NOTCH WIDTH numeric value Noise Notch Offset Define
87. dere Deer eso edet cedro Per Ex E ob Pr E va eet rete er tons 62 Random Seed M 62 Manual Generator Clock Rate Resulting Generator Clock Rate 63 Number of Samples Defines the number of samples that the test signal consists of A number that is a power of 2 will speed up the internal signal processing Thus such a number should be specified if no other requirements limit the choice of the sample count Note Defining the number of samples is necessary only if the reference signal type is Noise or Dual Tone Defining the number of samples is also necessary for the refer ence signal measurement mode For more information see Duty Cycle on page 67 Remote command CONF IQGEN INT SAMP numeric value Random Seed Defines the value for the random seed that initializes the random generator used dur ing the internal signal generation process Any number you enter here generates a different phase distribution and therefore a different signal Values 2 0 result in a generation of the same distribution in every mea surement A value of 1 results in the generation of a different distribution in every measurement Note The random seed works only with Noise and Dual Tone signals You can use the random seed for example to initialize the multi carrier phases of a noise signal Remote command CONF IQGEN INT SEED numeric value 4 3 1 4 Configuring the Measurement
88. diaani a iaiia 88 VISA Instrument Address Shows the VISA address of the instrument currently in use For more information see chapter 4 2 Configuring Instruments on page 57 Remote command Q Generator CONF IQGEN HW VISA string Input Mixer CONF UPCO HW VISA string Ouput Mixer CONF DOCO HW VISA string Instrument Type Shows name serial number and firmware version of the instrument currently in use This corresponds to the response to the IDN command supported by external equip ment Remote command l Q Generator query only CONF IQGEN HW IDN Input Mixer query only CONF UPCO HW IDN Output Mixer query only CONF DOCO HW IDN Instrument Type Shows the type of instrument that has been detected The instrument type is found out via the instrument IDN If the instrument is not detec ted as a Rohde amp Schwarz instrument unknown is displayed Remote command Q Generator query only CONF IQGEN HW TYPE Input Mixer query only CONF UPCO HW TYPE Output Mixer query only CONF DOCO HW TYPE Instrument Options Shows the options that are installed on the instrument currently in use This corresponds to the response to the OPT command supported by external equip ment Remote command I Q Generator query only CONF IQGEN HW OPT Input Mixer query only CONF UPCO HW OPT Output Mixer query only CONF DOCO HW OPT Configuring the
89. e CONF DSP POLY MOD COMP MAX numeric value AM full degree state CONF DSP POLY MOD AM FULL STAT ON OFF AM full degree min CONF DSP POLY MOD AM FULL MIN numeric value AM full degree max CONF DSP POLY MOD AM FULL MAX numeric value AM odd degree state CONF DSP POLY MOD AM ODD STAT ON OFF AM odd degree min CONF DSP POLY MOD AM ODD MIN numeric value Defining the DSP Properties AM odd degree max CONF D8P POLY MOD AM ODD MAX numeric value AM even degree state CONF DSP POLY MOD AM EVEN STAT ON OFF AM even degree min CONF DSP POLY MOD AM EVEN MIN numeric value AM even degree max CONF DSP POLY MOD AM EVEN MAX numeric value PM full degree state CONF DSP POLY MOD PM FULL STAT ON OFF PM full degree min CONF DSP POLY MOD PM FULL MIN numeric value PM full degree max CONF DSP POLY MOD PM FULL MAX numeric value PM odd degree state CONF DSP POLY MOD PM ODD STAT ON OFF PM odd degree min CONF DSP POLY MOD PM ODD MIN numeric value PM odd degree max CONF DSP POLY MOD PM ODD MAX numeric value PM even degree state CONF DSP POLY MOD PM EVEN STAT ON OFF PM even degree min CONF DSP POLY MOD PM EVEN MIN numeric value PM even degree max CONF DSP POLY MOD PM EVEN MAX numeric value Order CONF DSP POLY MOD ORDER numeric value Polynomial DPD
90. e Windows Control Panel The Framework components have to be urinstalled manual via Add or Remove Software in the Windows Control Panel Before uninstalling fe components make sure that no other sofware uses one of the components 1 Install the analysis software gt Click on the install the R amp S FS K130 link in the main window of the browser tool The installer performs the following actions e Install the R amp S FS K130PC software including an uninstall tool Create a Windows Start Menu entry Programs R amp S Distortion Analysis Soft ware Create a shortcut on the desktop optional If necessary the software will specifically ask you to set the required environment variables gt Start the software via the Windows Start Menu entry or the shortcut on the desk top 2 2 3 Deinstalling R amp S FS K130PC You can uninstall the software itself via the uninstall tool available in the Windows Start Menu folder or via Add or Remove Software in the Windows Control Panel The Framework components have to be uninstalled manually via Add or Remove Soft ware in the Windows Control Panel Before uninstalling the components make sure that no other software uses one of the components The following components and programs have been installed Microsoft NET Framework 2 0 Microsoft Visual C 2005 Redistributable Matlab Component Runtime 7 11 e Intel Integrated Performance Primitives RTIA
91. e colors of the traces in the R amp S FS K130PC Numerical Measurement Results Real Hardware Input Output Digital Pre Distortion DUT Real Hardware Fig 3 1 Signal flow The colors correspond to the traces you can view with the R amp S FS K130PC 3 4 Numerical Measurement Results The numerical results table contains the measurement results in numerical form The table always shows the same results no matter what hardware configuration aspect of the result and evaluation method you are using gt Select the Numerical Results menu item from the Windows menu File Windows Tools Help ee Hardware configuration Jk DSP configuration 5 Numerical results EZ New Graphical Result Window iri Message Log The software opens the Numerical Results table Some results are colored to indicate if that result is feasible Feasibility for each result depends on a predefined value range for that result Green Results are within the tolerance levels Yellow 3 4 1 Numerical Measurement Results Results are not within the tolerance levels but deviate only slightly Red Results are not within the tolerance levels and deviate considerably e White No tolerance levels have been defined for the results The numerical results are split into several result groups Note that the first group is a compilation of several results that would otherwise appear only at the end of the t
92. e crest factor at the DUT input if the DUT enters the compression area Remote command Query only FETCH NUM POW OUT CRES DUT Output Leveling Error Level error between configured and measured RMS power at the DUT output During the auto level process R amp S FS K130PC adjusts the output RMS power to meet the RMS output power you have specified After a correct auto level procedure this result should be 0 However a residual error can occur if for example the measure ment bandwidth is not correct or if there are heavy nonlinear effects inside the DUT e g negative gain around the target RMS value You can eliminate that issue by adjusting the Leveling Cycles or the Maximum Level Error For more information see e Maximum Level Error on page 80 Leveling Cycles on page 80 Remote command Query only FETCH NUM POW OUT ERR Signal Synchronization Signal synchronization results contain results that indicate the quality of the signal syn chronization All errors are compensated by the synchronization algorithm 2 Signal synchronization Lesern T 1 C eie IRR Fenyo fioo C sere poo es ae ossis rs Jem sor ooo 3 a ea Averages Executed Number of I Q reference signal data blocks used for averaging purposes Usually the result should be the same as the average count yo
93. eparate representations of the complex measurement input and reference output signal They can be used e g to judge the difference influence of nonlinear effect in both and Q chain of the DUT Reference land EET I M MME 43 Ms ESI Q T EA 43 Model lard Qi reir etie ee ee ea reste ae ei ute ee ev SEAE UAE EA E eee ere 43 Reference and Q Shows the or Q parts of the reference signal used for the model estimation process Measured I and Q Shows the or Q parts of the synchronized measured signal used for the model esti mation process To match both signals visually the nominal gain of the measurement signal can be eliminated For more information see Gain Normalization on page 117 Model I and Q Shows the or Q parts of the signal used for the model estimation process EVM The EVM result display shows the error vector magnitude of the signal over time You can examine the signal from various angles within signal definition measurement and processing flow The time period the software analyzes depends on the number of samples you have set The available trace types are as follows Reference Signal vs Measured Sigtial icccw saci aceon dll d Ert ne i ce eee 43 Measured Signal vs Modeled Stgnal meet eias 44 Reference Signal vs Signal after DPD Expected eee 44 Reference Signal vs Signal after DPD MeasureqQ eene 44
94. er the and Q signal parts are mixed with an angle of 90 by the IQ output mixer Due to hardware imperfections the signal delay of and Q may be different and thus lead to an angle non equal to 90 Remote command Query only FETCH NUM SYNC QUAD I Q Imbalance Combination of Quadrature error and Gain imbalance The I Q imbalance parameter is another representation of the combination of Quadra ture error and gain imbalance Remote command Query only FETCH NUM SYNC IQIM Intercepts Intercepts results contain results that show the characteristics of the signal at various intercept points 3 Intercepts LJ C eese e 1dB compression point Input level 17 8 dBm m Due mg jo eni ee r Gain Ratio between the output and input RMS power of the DUT Remote command Query only FETCH NUM INTE GAIN Numerical Measurement Results Compression Ratio between the crest factor at the input and the output Compression typically cuts the peaks of the signal This leads to a droop in crest factor and thus positive compression values Remote command Query only FETCH NUM INTE COMP Maximum Linear Gain Maximum possible linear gain of the amplifier with the control power that you have defined When you compare the maximum possible gain with the gain that has been actually measured you can determine how far the
95. es and updates the Available Options pane in the dialog box Enter license key code Opens an input field to add a new license to the system Process license file Adds a new license to the system via xml file 2 8 4 Release Notes Release notes contain functionality that has been added since the last version of the R amp S FS K130PC Release notes are also available on the CD and on the internet gt Select the Release Note menu item from the Help menu Using Support Functions File Windows Tools Help Contents Index About E Senda support mail dk Test automatic error report mailing W License Information The R amp S FS K130PC opens the release notes The file contains all release notes that have been released since the first version of the software including beta relea ses Exporting release notes The Save as RTF button exports the release notes to a rtf file 2 8 5 Direct Support If you encounter problems that you cannot solve yourself you can request support from Rohde amp Schwarz gt Select the Send a Support Mail menu item from the Help menu File Windows Tools Help Contents Index About E Release Note ad Send a support mail dk Test automatic error report mailing W License Information The R amp S FS K130PC creates an empty email with a corresponding subject and the support email addre
96. etail you can zoom in to that area To do so mark the area by keeping the mouse button pressed and moving the cursor over the area you need to see in more detail You can zoom in as far as you want The R amp S FS K130PC adjusts the horizontal and vertical axis accordingly To zoom out again you have two options Press the Zoom to Fit button in order to fit the screen size to the size of the trace Press the right mouse button and select Unzoom or Undo all Zoom Pan from the context menu 5 4 Handling Trace Data You have several options of what to do with the measurement results for further evalu ation Using the Marker 5 4 1 Saving the Graph For documentation you can save the graph itself in various forms P Click on the button A submenu that offers you several alternatives You can either Save the trace as a bitmap with the same scaling as in the software Save the trace as a bitmap two time the size of the original trace Save the trace as a bitmap three times the size of the original trace Save the trace as a vector graphic emf format 5 4 2 Exporting Trace Data In addition to the graphical export you can copy the trace data in numerical form to the clipboard P Click on the button A submenu that offers you several alternatives You can either e Save the first trace with the x axis e Save the first trace without the x axis e Save the x axis only 5 5 Using the Marker The R
97. ew Graphical Result Window ir Message Log The R amp S FS K130PC adds a new result window to the workspace 1 Title Bar shows the currently selected combination of result display and evaluation method 2 Toolbar configures the result display 3 Result Display shows the measurement results in graphic form including a legend for the traces There are several result displays available to choose from in order for you to view the results from different perspectives Adding Windows to the Working Area You can configure result displays via its toolbar The toolbar contains the following ele ments e The flag red or black indicates whether the displayed measurement results are valid or not e amp to open the DSP Properties dialog box For more information see chapter 4 4 Defining the DSP Properties on page 94 9 TY Power to select the aspect of the result display For more information see chapter 3 Measurements and Result Displays on page 30 Astun to select the evaluation method For more information see chapter 5 1 Selecting the Evaluation Method on page 115 9 Traces Select to select the traces you want to see For more information see chapter 3 Measurements and Result Displays on page 30 i to deselect all traces e to show a line between the measurement points e to add dots to every measurement point e X to automatically scale the diagram t
98. f the binary data in the file The R amp S FS K130PC supports Fixed point 8 Bit unsigned 0 255 Fixed point 16 Bit signed 32768 32767 Fixed point 32 Bit signed 2147483648 2147483647 Fixed point 64 Bit signed 9223372036854775808 9223372036854775807 Fixed point 16 Bit unsigned 0 65535 Fixed point 32 Bit unsigned 0 4294967295 Fixed point 64 Bit unsigned 0 18446744073709551615 Floating point 32 Bit 3 4028235E 38 1 401298E 45 Floating point 64 Bit 1 79769313486231570E 308 4 94065645841246544E 324 Remote command Q Generator CONF IQGEN FILE BIN FORM UINT8 INT16 INT32 INT64 UINT16 UINT32 UINT64 FLOAT32 FLOAT64 Q Recorder CONF IQSINK FILE BIN FORM UINT8 INT16 INT32 INT64 UINT16 UINT32 UINT64 FLOAT32 FLOAT64 Data Order Defines the order of the data in the file The data order is relevant only if you have selected the binary file format that includes both I and Q data in one file The R amp S FS K130PC supports e 1Q1Q 1Q Alternating and Q samples beginning with an sample e QIQI QI Alternating and Q samples beginning with a Q sample IQ QQ Combined and Q samples First all samples in a block then all Q samples e QQ QII I Combined and Q samples First all Q samples in a block then all samples Remote command Q Generator CONF IQGEN FILE BIN DORD IQIQ QIQI IIQO
99. g Area eeeeeeeeenennnnenennnn menn 16 Customizing the User Interface eese nennen nnns 23 Using the Help System iniret tun natant n 24 Using Support Functions 2 erred terne euni none nee korea ai xr ruine nne ku EAEan 25 Measurements and Result Displays eeeeeeeee 30 Recording a Reference Signal eeeeeeeeeeeee ener nnns 30 Graphical Measurement ReSults ecceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaneeseeeeeeeeeseeeeeseeeaneeseeeeeeees 33 KI DIedneWELDIIIES RT 45 Numerical Measurement Results eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeene enne 46 Configuring and Performing Measurements 56 Performing Measurements eese nnne nnn nani n nnne nennen 56 Configuring Instruments eese enne enne nnn nenne nnn nnne nnne nnn n nnnnnn 57 Configuring the Measurement eeeeseeeeneeenen enne nnne nennen nnn nennt 58 Defining the DSP Properties seeeseeeeeeeeennnnenenenn nnne nnne nnns 94 Specifying the File Typ e tenete nen enne tenen nune ean rE RERO RAKKE 107 Analyzing Measurement Results eeeeeeeeee 115 Selecting the Evaluation Method eeeueeeseeeeseeeeeeeeeeeren enne 115 Configuring Measurement Results eee 116 Scalin
100. g the Axis oiii niece nneco ciiin isa c ieri n aeost raa Rasa De E ERR RD Da dax 122 Handling Trace Data c iere eene eterni nnne eterne a siena ee nba iu uada 122 Using the Marker oerte cerner eerte emn uci innt tne neta venen 123 Remote Control Example oe rr E RR x EE RERE E REPE NENKR SER SERRE YXPFRMEERS 126 127 User Manual 1173 1162 12 03 3 1 Documentation Overview The documentation of the R amp S FS K130PC consists of the following parts User Manual The user manual provides a detailed description of the R amp S FS K130PC functions It covers the following topics e installing and launching the R amp S FS K130PC e setting up the R amp S FS K130PC in general e setting up the R amp S FS K130PC for measurements e performing measurements with the R amp S FS K130PC Online Help The online help provides quick access directly through the software interface to all information necessary to work with the R amp S FS K130PC It covers the same topics as the user manual Note that you need Microsoft Internet Explorer 4 0 or higher to properly view chm files If certain security patches for operating system Windows XP are installed viewing the chm file from a network resource is not possible Open the online help in a hard disk directory for correct indication of the help pages Internet The R amp S FS K130PC website provides the
101. hat a higher measurement bandwidth might add unwanted effects e g increased noise to the measurement Wideband measurement paths are available with hardware options for the R amp S FSQ R amp S FSV and R amp S FSW For more information refer to the datasheet of the analyzers Remote command CONF IOSINK WBAN ON OFF Response File Settings Defines the characteristics of a file that contains the characteristics of the reference signal E 2 Response file settings a File type Binary 1 file 32 bit float b Response file name c Response file name secondary file single file mode inl MID E ods wa eee 91 S rmulus and Response File Name reete teen e tet remercie et entes 91 Stimulus and Response File Name Secondary File 91 File Type Opens the Data File Format Definition dialog box to import various standard signal type or generic and Q data files The Data File Format Definition dialog box contains functionality to define the file for mat in case you are using reference signal information from a file For more information see chapter 4 5 Specifying the File Type on page 107 Remote command Q Generator CONF IQGEN FILE TYPE TYPE Q Recorder CONF IQSINK FILE TYPE TYPE TYPE BIN1 BIN2 ASC1 ASC2 MAT M IQW IBN WV FSX SIM DSUIT Stimulus and Response File Name Selects the file that
102. i ei ei o ei ici ia mel Random Seed xoc i eoru ern di uei Cio nett Range Size colo otiia o ire Ea AEA Raw Adjust Stepping E Di e dh lemen me Reference frequency source Relative Unit ciae oe mde edu tecti meto Remove cereo lee a eive x pice rna Reset ARB at start is Reset input mixer at Statai insien miaii Restart market o eese ice aes cien edit d etre riae Result graphical EY 33 Result display 3 ein rtt t kool ck ap enero on cedo 19 Result displays p capture buffer ean PN CODfIGUEaltlOn s occi demie ti eee or ENAA constellation diagram customization i cierre eror n eh Ova 122 evaluation method ssssssseeeeeee 115 EVM power i Li ion e eaaa caved aE E 33 MACS anio aE a E E 45 Results numerical arai a erm 46 RF frequency 31 71 86 RF ot tput path erect en e eee 71 RMS leVel Soe tisian e edd HERI died 76 78 RMS power UT BUE soient ore nre 47 DUT output 48 Follsoff factor 5 iinersiias 66 Rough correlation sync domain scissa 97 ROW SEPAlaLOM i 112 S RC Sample separator SAMPES anena ETE RES Samplitig Trequercy iuit tire tree tere 31 Sampling time Savihg SettlligS 15 x aet ctos om oen Ot aea d rd tud 13 SAVING aCe dala sci avete eo ER Pe e tees 123 Scaling GEM teasers VSOXIS copian cava tedecenditivecusjsetadcaucishus
103. ilable if you mix a DPD into the signal 3 2 4 Graphical Measurement Results Gain vs Measured Signal after DPD Measured Shows the measured signal gain as a function of the output signal including digital pre distortion DPD Because of memory effects the trace usually widens in the low level and high level ranges Memory effects typically show as slopes on the curve ecspecially near high ouput powers If this signal is different to the expected signal this is usually an indicator that the DUT does not behave according to the model or that the DPD is not possible with the selected model function To get a better signal including digital predistortion try for example to increase the model order or select the Volterra model instead of a polyno mial model Available if you mix a DPD into the signal EVM vs Reference Signal Shows the error vector magnitude EVM as a function of the reference signal power In case of nonlinear DUTs the EVM increases if the is getting higher to follow the lin ear part of the DUT characteristics Linear DUTs have wider and higher EVM only in case of low powers because of the increasing influence of noise Gain vs Measured Signal shifted to the reference peak Shows the gain as a function of the signal power that was actually measured Because of memory effects the trace usually widens in the low level and high level ranges Memory effects typically show as slopes on the curve ecspecially nea
104. ile b Data file name c Secondary data file name single file mode File IA 9 e er rr tt rt 108 Data File NaMe ec t rte teen endete inc me o E MIN UAR RRR RA ERR RR RR toe 108 Secondary Data File Name sssssssssssssseseeeeneeeen nnne nennen nnne entente nnns 108 4 5 2 Specifying the File Type File Type Basic format that is used to read or save data from or to a file R amp S FS K130PC supports the following file types Binary One file or two files for and Q or a separate file for and Q e ASCII One file or two files for and Q or separate file for and Q Matlab all Matlab versions You can specify the signal name you want to load e IQW file Format of various analyzer applications e g WLAN or WiMAX analysis software IBN file Format of WinIQSIM software Only the uncrypted version is supported e WV file Format for signal generators Only the uncrypted format is supported e Data exported with R amp S FSx Data that you get e g with the R amp SR amp S FS K130PCFS K70 VSA application e Data exported with R amp S FSx in SIM format The SIM format is a special format Use it only on special advice from Rohde amp Schwarz For more information see chapter 4 5 2 Binary Format Specification on page 108 chapter 4 5 3 ASCII Format Specification on page 110 chapter 4 5 3 ASCII Format Specification on page 110 Remote command Q Generat
105. iled description of all elements of the software it also contains information on how to set up and perform various measurements and background information on the software The manual is available in pdf format You ll find it on the CD that comes with the software and can download it off the internet Note that the version available on the internet may contain more current informa tion than that on the CD Online Help Press the F1 key or select the Help Contents or Index menu item from the Help menu in the menu bar Using Support Functions File Windows Tools Help Contents Index About Release Note CJ Send a support mail dk Test automatic error report mailing y License Information The Help Contents menu item opens the contents of the online help while the Index menu item opens the index of the online help If you press the F1 key while an element of the user interface is selected e g a particular parameter in a dialog box the software goes directly to the description of that paramter The online help contains the same information as the manual Parameter Description The dialog boxes contain a field at the bottom that shows a short description of the property or parameter you have currently selected This field is always active and colored the way of the selected hardware component I Q Generator Properties E 0 Usage a ARB available for control Yes b Reset ARB at start Yes E 1
106. inucscaustddanests Search cycles Search MOAN CE sis us iccirco in po dea rho rra RERO vu 97 Settling delay cisco hoe datei ne tts eoa iae eie n essen 72 Signal flow P Signal ModE leran etui cin ote E E ai SiGMall MAME sueste roe Pe D dereud Signal synchronization Signal synchronization results esessssss 49 invi e N aaa e NEEB Simulation curve a Ium Spline segments Starting measurements Steps per SHINS coli etie meer tentes Stimulus fil name cuente ntt rte erre Stimulus file name secondary Stopping meas remlents rix erts ci h rterete SWeap l Q ciet mettere tie tie eee DR ka recon Pe Petr deti bag Sweep time SyImbOLTdte 3 ao net t Do ek ehe qe ee Ec ne Ltda SyImbOlS 2 es conce an aanas ru Dra ska ro EE Sync mode System band Widths marana ierra ina System identification Mol 105 System Model siccare cie tiet eter die nex bro etu tex den 100 System modeling results neret 53 System requil ements secco reor re rd hone dnas 6 T Test Settings cis tent Ox prp eei erre ep et eMe bea cs 76 Timing absolute MATKE eei iei edet Dri D ORE baci e ENS 124 Timing index tcm EE 124 TONE SPACING senna eT 65 Toolbar DSP confIguratlorr scooter toit rn eee 94 hardware configuration sissies mossiinrssasssnensna tniii 57 loop InarKer cesis cce etii ev pa Lec vani n abes eaa ENE 123 start recy Stop 57 T
107. io e 24 l land O result display emsan asinina 43 offset l Q data Order eee tte exec es 111 WQS data sink 2 2 inier AE aeea 89 I Q generation in l Q imbalarnce cert Rer ndn 51 1 Q input markei scene t Eb a rete itr seite 125 liem e 50 I Q output uci c E 125 I Q reference signal type sseeeeee 61 IF TRE QUENCY x i esters ae eibi dk ae knee nu a code x rs a ne CORE 72 Ignore first isi Innpalirimelits ecco ether pateat tb cca neu ia eta secti trente di 84 Impulse response overlap sissies 99 Impulse response taps Initial power reduction Iriput attenuatiOh rero ren er tede b tia vont dena Input frequency ss Input mixer available for control ssesssse 70 lrip t pott typed euet emt o qe a Instrument address Instr ment assignment ecco tan reet neta Instrument configuration Instrument connection Instrument IDN eroi on ra cac 69 73 88 Instrument ORT occaeca ra tnn eec 70 74 88 Instrument type 69 73 88 Integer timing shift loisir e m Intercept points Internalstirmulus issiron WAG Ms C K Kernel properties ee oie Ar n Tte 94 L LOAN GAIN CUIVe recen et rere re t Peer 79 Level error 80 Level loops 80 Level unit 117 Leveling cycles Leveling error 1 49 LICENSE soc tes ones It Link clo
108. itis much faster compared to measurements on l Q data especially if you have long l Q data sets Remote command CONF DUT ALEV DOM IQ TDOM Maximum Number of Samples Defines the maximum number of I Q samples to capture during the auto level process If you have a very large I Q data set as reference signal capturing I Q data for auto leveling purpose can take a long time If you perform the auto level procedure based on I Q data you can set a maximum sample count that is used if the complete sample exceeds the value you have entered here For more information see Auto Leveling Domain on page 80 Remote command CONF DUT ALEV IQSAM numeric value Defining Signal Models The Simulation component generates a simulated signal that you can use instead of the hardware The dialog box contains settings to characterize such a signal gt Click on the Simulation component in the Hardware Configuration element Simon The Simulation dialog box opens e Selecting the Data Source ssssssssssssssssssseseenneee ennt nennen 81 e Detiningia Signal Model et etr ttr t ee e adc ce au 82 Including NOISE TET E 83 e Defining Signal Impairments sssssssssseeseeneeeee enne nnne 84 Selecting the Data Source Selects the data source E 0 Switch off simulation a Measurement data source Internal simulation Measurement Data Source sssssssss
109. ive gradient gain curve or heavy nonlinear effects end up in an endless loop The number you enter here defines the maximum number of auto leveling attempts until R amp S FS K130PC aborts the levelling process By setting the maximum number of level loops you can avoid dead lock loops on amplifiers with a massive non linear characteristic The number of level loops is the counter during both stages raw and fine leveling of the auto level process Remote command CONF DUT ALEV CYC numeric value Maximum Level Error Defines the maximum tolerable level difference between measured and requested out put power of the DUT R amp S FS K130PC uses the level error to check if the leveling process can be completed successfully Remote command CONF DUT ALEV MAXERR numeric value Raw Adjust Step Size Defines the step size of the generator output power used for the approximation of the output level of the DUT Remote command CONF DUT ALEV STEP numeric value Auto Leveling Domain Selects the type of measurement that the R amp S FS K130PC uses for the auto leveling process e Time Domain Power Measurement Performs the auto level procedure in the time domain zero span of the analyzer e Based on I Q Data Performs the auto level procedure on I Q data 4 3 5 4 3 5 1 Configuring the Measurement By default the R amp S FS K130PC performs the auto level process in the time domain as
110. limit auto e Eval maximum limit auto Bins Defines the number of bins used in the histogram By default the software automatically determines the number of bins and their width value 0 For numbers other than 0 the number of bins is adjusted accordingly The width of a depends on the range of the level range that has been measured Available for the Histogram evaluation method Remote command not supported Y Axis Normalization Selects the method of normalization for the histogram e Count per bin no normalization Shows the complete measurement data in the histogram e Sum of all bins is 100 Power density function integration is 1 Available for the Histogram evaluation method Remote command not supported X Axis Is Selects the scale of the x axis Absolute level Shows the distribution of absolute power levels that have been measured on the x axis e Relative to signal RMS Shows the distribution of power levels relative to the RMS power of the signal Available for the Histogram and CCDF evaluation method Remote command not supported Eval Min Max Limit Defines the scale of the horizontal histogram axis auto Scales the x axis automatically according to the distribution of measured levels numeric value Defines the minimum and maximum values shown on the x axis Available for the Histogram evaluation method Remote command not supported Scaling the Axis 5 2 7 CCDF Ev
111. ling Cut Off Dynamics on page 96 Remote command CONF DSP GEN RSAM STAT ON OFF Resampling Cut Off Dynamics Defines the minimum distance to the peak power that a signal must have in order to be recognized for the calculation of the useful signal bandwidth During the calculation of the useful signal bandwidth the R amp S FS K130PC looks for the first signals to the left and to the right of the main signal that fall below this thresh old These bandwidth between these signals then define the useful signal bandwidth 4 4 3 Defining the DSP Properties The useful signal bandwidth in turn defines the range in which the resampling post fil ter may be applied For more information see Resampling Post Filter on page 96 Remote command CONF DSP GEN RSAM CUT numeric value Signal Synchronization Optimizes the matching of the reference signal and the measured signal E 3 Signal synchronization a Periods to analyze 1000 b Search tolerance 5 c Rough correlation sync domain Magnitude PenOdS Oana E m 97 Search Tolerapmea s tot it e nme eee ua aU as ia Boca a e SR ERR dS 97 Rough Correlation Syne Doma omi carotte leor rte e ei e aa aaa 97 Periods to analyze Defines the maximum number of analyzed reference signal periods within the mea surement signal When analyzing data from a file the file content may change over time e g when the file starts
112. ll be positioned also turns blue Eb Dag El Release the element The element docks itself to the corresponding area of the GUI 2 6 2 Adding an Element as a Tab 1 Select an element with the mouse and move it over the center docking spot in an area where another element already is 2 Release the element The released element is added as a tab to the element Plot Power Standard Plot Power Histogramm E TY Power The active tab always is in a lighter color than the others z LA Histogramm v Traces Using the Help System Note that tabs may be at the top of the window or at the bottom of the window depending on where the window is in the user interface Select the tab you need by either clicking on the tab itself or by clicking on the symbol and selecting the tab you need from the list 2 6 3 Removing an Element from the GUI gt Select an element with the mouse move it around and release it If you haven t docked the element or added it as a tab it is floating around as an individual window You can also move the element completely out of the GUI and work with it in an independent window e g another monitor H TT Power lAHitegamm gt 2 7 Using the Help System The help system provides information about the functions of the software It is available in several formats Manual The manual is the most substantial part of the documentation In addition to a deta
113. lus file name secondary file single file mode PUG Wy Goss C M 67 Stimulus and Response File Nam eee ter edite estet 68 Stimulus and Response File Name Secondary File ssssssssss 68 File Type Opens the Data File Format Definition dialog box to import various standard signal type or generic and Q data files The Data File Format Definition dialog box contains functionality to define the file for mat in case you are using reference signal information from a file For more information see 4 3 1 9 Configuring the Measurement chapter 4 5 Specifying the File Type on page 107 Remote command Q Generator CONF IQGEN FILE TYPE TYPE Q Recorder CONF IQSINK FILE TYPE TYPE TYPE BIN1 BIN2 ASC1 ASC2 MAT M IQW IBN WV FSX SIM DSUIT Stimulus and Response File Name Selects the file that contains the reference or measurement signal information Remote command l Q Generator CONF IQGEN FILE NAME string Q Recorder CONF IQSINK FILE NAME string Stimulus and Response File Name Secondary File Select a secondary file that contains the reference or measurement signal information Selecting a secondary file is necessary only if you use a file type that requires two files Remote command Q Generator CONF IQGEN FILE NAME2 string Q Recorder CO
114. mate I Q imbalance es Weal Wath e 115 EVMLS roc ese cesses ete UR ML 53 EVM res lt displey coc teer rok rte rere Yea DCN espe 43 Exit applicato Mi aici onestesicasiens n nE TAE ATE 13 Exporting data Exporting trace dala ocior iret e ex DE EE ERE 123 EXternallITilXGE eser rrr oro sd eE E 87 External mixer arid cen eoe ton err tex ebrei exe poca ces 87 F FAS MSM NR 13 File name 68 91 108 secondary 68 91 108 Fil Stim e 67 File type 67 91 108 ASCITO AT oiera 110 basic settings 107 binary format 108 matlab Tomat o ero coe eterne ara reser ceno 112 Specific Values 5 2 3 enero i eed 113 specification 107 Filler rollsoff tonc ce a eee 66 glia be 66 Fixed attenuation 2 75 85 Fixed point offset 110 Fixed point scaling so 110 Freeze measurement we 122 Frequency band external mixer sssusss 87 Frequency conversion configuration ssssss 78 Frequency offset 5 mne teet 50 78 G ecc ea Gain imbalance Gain normalization Gain result display Generator bandwidth Generator clock rate Generator stand by level cene 77 Generic DSP x Generic parameter calculation sssuusss 98 Graphical results cote ne rens cero tae Sn ere GUI customization E eB IE PT ferc o nnn n a
115. me 4 Configure the result display s as you wish After running the measurement you can configure the result display For more information see chapter 5 Analyzing Measurement Results on page 115 You can also run a measurement without opening a result display window first graphi cal or numerical SCPI command Initiate a measurement INIT IMM Configuring Instruments Check if ready query only INIT BUSY 4 1 1 Controlling the Measurement You can perform a measurement and control the course of the measurement starts the measurement A measurement consists of capturing the data and dis playing the results By default the R amp S FS K130PC performs one measurement after you press the button that means the R amp S FS K130PC fills its capture buffer once and shows the results to the data in the capture buffer u pauses the measurement by interrupting the measurement without updating the result display If you are measuring continuously it interrupts the measurement loop The result display shows the results to the last successfully finished measure ment e starts a continuous measurement After each update of the result display a new measurement begins e 3 reruns the measurement Compared to a single measurement the software does not capture new data before updating the result display Instead it uses the same data and calculates the results again e g based on a change in the DSP settings
116. method Remote command not supported Detector The Detector contains settings that define the way samples are processed El 3 Detector a Detector type None b Detector final points Detector Type Selects the detector If the number of samples taken during a measurement is higher than the number of measurement points Thus it may become necessary to combine several samples The detector determines the way the software combines and displays the results None Displays all samples e Maximum Displays the maximum value of a bin Minimum Displays the minimum value of a bin Average Calculates and displays the average value of a bin e RMS Calculates and displays the RMS power of a bin e Sample Displays a random value of a bin Median Calculates and displays the median value of a bin Available for the Spectrum evaluation method Remote command not supported Detector Final Points Defines the number of measurement points the trace is made up out of Thus if you are using a detector the final points also define the number of samples included in one measurement point Available for the Spectrum evaluation method Remote command not supported Histogram Evaluation The Histogram Parameters define the way the histogram is evaluated Configuring Measurement Results E 2 Histogram parameters a Bins 0 b Y axis normalization Sum of all bins is c X axis is Absolute level d Eval min
117. mote command CONF IQGEN NOISE ASTEP numeric value Maximum Error Defines the maximum error tolerable for crest factor optimization If the difference between the crest factor you have defined and the best crest factor that has been found during the search is bigger than the maximum error you have defined the R amp S FS K130PC aborts the crest factor optimization Remote command CONF IQGEN NOISE MAXERR numeric value Configuring a Dual Tone Stimulus Defines the characteristics of a dual tone reference signal E 2 2 Dualtone settings a Tone spacing 1 MHz WOME SPACING PRI 65 Tone Spacing Defines the bandwidth of an internally generated dual tone reference signal If you have selected a Dual Tone reference signal enter the spacing of the two tones If you enter e g 1 MHz R amp S FS K130PC generates two tones one at 500 kHz and one at 500 kHz For more information see e Q Reference Signal Type on page 61 Remote command CONF IQGEN DUAL SPAC numeric value Configuring the Digital Modulation Defines the modulation characteristics of a digitally modulated reference signal El 2 3 Digital modulation stimulus settings a Modulation type 1604M b Number of symbols 400 c Oversampling factor 4 d Filter type Root Raised Cosine e Filter roll off 0 22 f Symbol Rate 4 MHz Modulation T YBg eigara eei t bete bete e etl eno itta neat eee petet ite 66 Number ot
118. n NE AREE docking Io EMT GUNMA erm H Hardcore configuration RBW 92 hardware configuration fiter type uie cede entm ese ionic d qus 66 Hardware configuration AGP charnneloffSet x eene rie rs nter mci 92 ARB available for control eesseessess 60 ARB root file name x ARB upload behavior orent rta 60 auro leveliDgi s aede stead rti eim snl aee ci Ye See auto leveling domain ay bandwidth netter iure ta eee nea cune Lice ci er E 63 baseband output Path issan rasaan 72 channel bandwidth eene eroi em PE data SOURCE usse etica vot ND ne ek LR enata eds digital IF shift zs dividem sakie naano assa EEEE A down COnvETSION Ja sussana a x Rn dual tone stimulus E DUT inputattenuatiOn escort nace teres 74 DUT output attenuation iinn 85 DUT properties zs ULV CY Cl ress ue eee texe ar x e este tore ticdavan eret external mixer DANG rrura 87 file stimulus TGS PO duis t Toe ct tit cette die baeo filter roll off fixed attenuation frequency conversion configuration 78 frequency olTSet iu loce siete A 78 gain imbalance P generator clock rate cue anaiai aig 63 generator stand by level eee 7T hardware information eterne 73 orm HH 85 l Q data
119. nals The symbol rate is the ratio of the clock rate and the oversampling Remote command CONF IQGEN DMOD SRAT numeric value Configuring a Pulse Stimulus Defines the characteristics of a pulsed reference signal 4 3 1 8 Configuring the Measurement a Duty Cycle 100 b Ramp length 255 Samples El 3 Pulsing settings Note that pulse stimulus settings are automatically used if the reference signal is pulsed and its information is contained in a file BU Cle IE 67 FROMM LENO site cece M 67 Duty Cycle Defines the duty cycle of a pulsed signal The duty cycle of a pulse is the ratio of the pulse duration and the actual length of the pulse Example The pulse duration is 2 us The actual length of the pulse is 1 us The duty cycle is 1 us 2 us 0 5 or 50 Remote command CONF IQGEN PULS DUTY numeric value Ramp Length Defines the number of samples that are included on each side of the pulse to increase or reduce the power to zero Within this range the signal is repeated and the pulse shaping filter a cosine filter is applied Remote command CONF IQGEN PULS RAMP numeric value Configuring a File Stimulus Defines the characteristics of a file that contains the reference signal For more information see chapter 4 5 Specifying the File Type on page 107 El 4 File stimulus settings a File type IBN file b Stimulus file name c Stimu
120. nd their charac teristics in unknown signals This can be useful if you playback previously recorded signals or analyze signals from a file whose characteristics are unknown Remote command CONF DSP FLOW PDET ON OFF DPD Mode Selects the mode the DPD digital predistortion calculation is based on The R amp S FS K130PC uses the DPD to predistort the existing I Q data that you have to measure the DUT behavior After applying the DPD to the reference signal and to the DUT the output signal of the DUT should have a better performance with regards to ACP and or EVM Remote command CONF DSP FLOW DPD NONE ONCE 4 4 2 DSP Options Defines general DSP options E 2 Generic options a Resampling post filter Yes b Resampling cut off dynamics 80 dB Resampling POSt Filter M 96 Resampling Cut Cfr Dag cocti eed e cert ete eed ed ae ee RR Y td 96 Resampling Post Filter Turns an additional lowpass filter that if necessary is used to process the resampled signal on and off The filter removes any unwanted frequency components outside the useful signal bandwidth that may have been generated if the original signal and the resampled sig nal have a different clock rate If the filter is on the software determines the useful signal bandwidth before resam pling the signal After resampling the filter removes any frequency components outside of the useful signal bandwidth For more information see Resamp
121. ndows Start Menu and select the Run item 2 Enter regedit into the dialog box to open the system registry Starting the Software 3 Look for HKEY LOCAL MACHINE SOFTWARE Microsoft Windows CurrentVersion policies Nsystem 4 Setthe value of DisableCad to O Administration rights Security policies of your network environment might prevent you from editing the sys tem registry or installing drivers Contact your IT administration in that case 2 4 Starting the Software gt Start the software with the desktop icon or in the Windows Start menu In the Start menu you can find the software under Programs gt R amp S Distortion Analysis Software The R amp S FS K130PC checks if all required components are installed on your com puter FS K130PC Distortion Analysis Software Component Status y ROHDE amp SCHWARZ After that the actual GUI opens The GUI of R amp S FS K130PC in its default state looks like this Starting the Software File Windows Tools Help OF fe o ni 0 PM KE Pre recorded signal Not present 4 status idle Ref Signal Generator idle Measurement idle DSP a 1 Menu Bar contains general functions of the software 2 Toolbar contains general measurement functions 3 Workspace contains elements for user interaction 4 Status Bar contains the status of miscellaneous processes that the software performs Presetting the software All set
122. nlinear effects with and without memory It shows the difference in phase between the DUT output and the DUT input versus the input of the DUT Nonlinear effects typically result in a trace that not equal to zero near high power lev els Memory effects typically show as slopes within the curve especially near high output powers The available trace types are as follows Measured SNI crt me ica ten e Re dera 42 Modeled Signal EN es 42 Piedistorted SIGQKiAli tcc ertet eder te tt rt nade ainda aaa ae 42 After DPD Expected recria EEEE YER ERR Ava EE YER neces 42 Duc gyp Piin E 42 Graphical Measurement Results Measured Signal Shows the AM PM characteristics of the measured signal at the DUT output The software uses this signal for the model estimation process For more information on the measurement configuration see chapter 4 3 8 Configur ing the I Q Recorder on page 89 Modeled Signal Shows the AM PM characteristics of the signal when the calculated model has been applied to the reference signal If the model matches the behavior of the DUT the characteristics of the signal are the same as those of the measured signal minus the noise For more information on supported models see chapter 4 4 Defining the DSP Proper ties on page 94 Predistorted Signal Shows the signal that is applied to the DUT input including digital predistortion DPD and after the DUT has been modeled and the DP
123. nly R amp S FS K130PC calculates the frequency from the DUT properties Remote command Query only CONF UPCO FREQ RF Output Path Selects the RF path if more than one is available on the signal generator in use Remote command CONF UPCO PATH RF A B 4 3 2 3 4 3 2 4 Configuring the Measurement BB Output Path Selects the baseband output path if more than one is available on the signal generator in use Remote command CONF UPCO PATH BB A B SMIQ Settling Delay Defines the time the DUT needs to settle after you have changed a input parameter or have started a measurement Any DUT usually has its characteristics settling time Thus it is necessary to wait until the DUT has settled after you have changed one of the DUT input parameters and before you can perform further measurements on the DUT output Remote command CONF UPCO SETTL numeric value Configuring a Digital IF Shift Defines the characteristics of a digital IF shift El 2 Digital IF shift a Digital IF shift Off b IF frequency 10 MHz afos M Es LUUD 72 lusso 72 Digital IF Shift Turns the digital IF shift on and off Shifting the IF is a method to eliminate interfering signals The passband remains the same when you shift the frequency The IF shift is implemented digitally Remote command CONF UPCO IF MODE OFF INWV INHW IF Frequency Defines the intermediate frequency to generate
124. nta EE 2Y Re aa ain e OERPE TERR saved aR 107 Performing Measurements Without making any changes to the properties after starting the software the first time or after a preset the R amp S FS K130PC measures a signal that is simulated internally In its default state this noise like signal has a 1 MHz bandwidth and a clock rate of 16 MHz A noise level of 60 dBc a timing offset of 50 samples and a frequency offset of 100 Hz is applied to the signal R amp S FS K130PC records 4096 samples for the eval uation The signal is then applied to a simulated DUT that generates AM AM and AM PM dis tortion To perform the measurement proceed as follows 1 Open one or more result displays button In its default state the result display shows the Power aspect in combination with the Standard evaluation method There is no limit to the number of result display you can open simultaneously 2 Press the button in the toolbar to start the measurement R amp S FS K130PC performs a single measurement It shows the results in the form of a trace in the diagram of the result display 3 Press the button in the toolbar again to open a second result display window Depending on the screen layout R amp S FS K130PC either opens the result display in a second window or adds a tab to the result display you have already open If in a tab drag the result display out of the tab and dock it somewhere else to view both result displays at the same ti
125. o the results after each measurement e X to zoom or unzoom the result display in order to fit in the screen 9 to update the trace u to freeze the result display in focus All other result displays update the results as defined To stop the measurement in general use the button in the toolbar of the main window e to save the trace either in bitmap format or in vector format e W to export the trace data to the clipboard For more information see chapter 5 Analyzing Measurement Results on page 115 A right click opens the context menu that contains additional functionality like the zoom For more information see chapter 5 Analyzing Measurement Results on page 115 2 5 3 2 Numerical Results Numerical results show the results in a table If you add the Numerical Results window you can add it once gt Select the Numerical Results menu item from the Windows menu Adding Windows to the Working Area File Windows Hardware configuration fe DSP configuration CED EZ New Graphical Result Window d Message Log Tools Help The R amp S FS K130PC adds numerical results table to the workspace Numerical Results 1 4x ga al 2 lt Gm A Rm Bnet Lo qmmens 7000 pp ___ DUT Input Peak Lf 1 Title Bar 2 Save HTML report button 3 Result group group of similar results 4 Result individual measurement result 5 Yellow
126. ollow the ideal straight line in low level regions Memory effects typically show as slopes within the curve especially near high output powers The available trace types are as follows Measured Sigllel trt rt Lm ic ette ert p ERR 40 Modeled lee iro ur A eA 40 DPD m M RM 40 Alter DP EXDSIBU c te mee rere cete t seve e terme x deer dp tes ec ee amu Deua loans 41 After DPD Measured E 41 e e A T E E E E E E E N 41 Measured Signal Shows the AM AM characteristics of the measured signal at the DUT output The software uses this signal for the model estimation process For more information on the measurement configuration see chapter 4 3 8 Configur ing the I Q Recorder on page 89 Modeled Signal Shows the AM AM characteristics of the signal when the calculated model has been applied to the reference signal If the model matches the behavior of the DUT the characteristics of the signal are the same as those of the measured signal minus the noise For more information on supported models see chapter 4 4 Defining the DSP Proper ties on page 94 DPD Shows the signal that is applied to the DUT input including digital predistortion DPD and after the DUT has been modeled and the DPD function has been calculated 3 2 6 Graphical Measurement Results The predistorted signal is the signal that applied to the DUT input or
127. ols Help Preset Instrument configuration 27 Load settings lg Save settings 3 Export gt Exit The R amp S FS K130PC opens a dialog box to select a file containing a previously saved measurement configuration Exporting data In addition to the measurement configuration the software allows you export various other data for example measurement results gt Select the Export menu item from the File menu File Windows Tools Help Preset Instrument configuration Ej Load settings lg Save settings The R amp S FS K130PC opens a submenu to select the type of data you want to export Adding Windows to the Working Area Setup description as HTML file DUT model Predistortion model Ref signal Capture Buffer Meas signal Capture Buffer Ref signal synchronized Meas signal synchronized DPD signal Pit BEYVe Exiting the software gt Select the Exit menu item from the File menu File Windows Preset Tools Help Instrument configuration D Load settings lg Save settings 3 Export L 2 5 Adding Windows to the Working Area 2 5 1 In the initial state the workspace is completely empty You have to add windows man ually as required The R amp S FS K130PC provides several types of windows This chap ter gives a quick overview of the window types The Hardware Configuration The Hardware Configuration window vis
128. on Note Because the DUT may get into high compression the total RMS level may be lower than the measured measured signal without DPD Reference Signal vs Signal after DPD Measured Shows the measured error vector magnitude EVM between the reference signal and the output signal including digital predistortion If this signal is different to the expected signal this is usually an indicator that the DUT does not behave according to the model or that the DPD is not possible with the selected model function To get a better signal including digital predistortion try for example to increase the model order or select the Volterra model instead of a polyno mial model Channel The Channel result display shows the impulse response of the DUT You can use this display for example to analyze the filter frequency resonse when fre quency filtering is dominant effect in the signal chain of the DUT Note that non linear devices might show a weird impulse response For useful results it is recommended to display the result as a spectrum The available trace types are as follows felt 44 2 1 AEAEE 44 Amplitude Shows the amplitude characteristics of the DUT s impulse response Phase Shows the phase characteristics of the DUT s impulse response Selecting Traces 3 3 Selecting Traces For every result display the R amp S FS K130
129. one at a time P Click on the hardware component you want to set up The R amp S FS K130PC adds the corresponding Properties window to the work space All Properties windows look similar Adding Windows to the Working Area b IQ reference signal type Noise c ARB root file name FS K130 9 d Link clock to system bandwidth Yes El 2 Internal stimulus settings a Number of samples 4096 Samples b Random seed 1 c Manual generator clock rate 16 MHz dI Resulting generator clock 16 MHz 1 Title Bar shows the name of the hardware component 2 Parameter Group group of similar parameters 3 Parameter individual parameters that you can configure 4 Parameter Description short description of the selected parameter Parameter groups Parameter groups are a set of parameters that serve a similar purpose or belong together in a way To get a better view of a Properties window you can expand or collapse a group of parameters gt Click on the El or the El symbol Parameters A parameter changes a certain characteristic of the hardware component The left column contains the name of the parameter The right column contains the value belonging to that parameter A normal font in the right column means that the default value has been set The font turns bold if you use values other than the default ones P Click in the right column of the parameter you want to change The R amp S FS K130PC
130. onfig COMMANGS Ss ecce ttr tci Ee tw aL a Re ARE RR X RR TE ER 74 Post Config Commands Opens a dialog box to define remote control commands that should be processed after the generator has been configured and the waveform data has been loaded In the dialog box you can enter an array of remote commands one per line These commands will be sent to the generator in addition to the parameters that you can con figure in the R amp S FS K130PC Remote command CONF UPCO CONF POST string 4 3 3 Attenuating at the DUT Input It may be necessary to attenuate the signal at the DUT input because of DUT restric tions and to avoid damage to the DUT Specifying the input attenuation also helps to display correct values in the measure ment report and to run the model calculation on real measurement values gt Click on the DUT Input Attenuation component in the Hardware Configuration element 4 3 3 1 4 3 4 4 3 4 1 Configuring the Measurement The DUT Input Attenuation Properties dialog box opens e Mal SOUING e cc erain ebore eit eed PER cae a are a eee opted ep Rada 75 Main Settings Contains general characteristics of the DUT input El 1 Main settings a Fixed attenuation D dB Fixed Attentato storico eet ce rcu eee pe eo ee eque cere EE ce eve ve eo epe edere e vus ei eR dens 75 Fixed Attenuation Defines the attenuation at the DUT input or output in dB Remote command Input attenuation CONF IATT FIX
131. onse Overlap Defines the overlap ratio for the impulse response calculation The R amp S FS K130PC calculates the impulse response via time domain to frequency domain conversion using FFT The FFT width is defined with the impulse response taps If the signal is longer than the number of taps typical measurement case the signal processing steps over the signal in a step size defined by the impulse response overlap 4 4 7 Defining the DSP Properties Example The number of impulse response taps is 1024 the impulse response overlap is 50 96 and the number of reference and measurement samples is 4096 The FFTs are calcu lated with a length of 1024 and the start points of the individual FFTs are 0 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 and 3584 relative to the 1st measurement sample Remote command CONF DSP CEST OVER numeric value System Modeling General Defines general charcateristics of the signal model El 6 System modelling a Modelling range N samples around peak b Range size 4096 Samples c Pulse detection limit 5 dB d Maximum Model EVM degradation 2dB e Maximum DPD EVM degradation 2 dB fJ Upsampling order 2 g Quantization points 0 h Curve inversion segments 1000 i Estimate IQ imbalance Yes il Dual tone filtering No Modeling allg uec rua rtt be Ea tope rete duce tiam idea ddsun 100 FRING ZO T 100 Pulse Detection LiImil
132. ooks like this y ao a4X a9X25 ayx The degree of the model is defined by N as an index or exponent Note The nonlinear effects consume an additional bandwidth proportional to 2 times the number of odd factors in the polynom excluding the linear one Example If the signal bandwidth is 1 MHz and the highest degree is 5 the bandwidth of the resulting signal is increased by 2 times 2 because there are the variables x4 and xs times 1 MHz which are 4 MHz and leading to a total signal bandwidth of 5 MHz The configured recording bandwidth must be at least 5 MHz to record all nonlinear effects generated by the DUT Selecting the order of model calculation In case you want to calculate the AM AM curve and the AM PM curve you can select the order in which the curves a re calculated e AM then PM Calculates the curves based on the amplitude of the distorted version of the refer ence signal e PM then AM Calculates the curves based on the amplitude of the reference signal If both options are selected the software bases its calculations on both the distorted and undistorted reference signal The Reset button restores the default configuration in the dialog box Remote command see chapter 4 4 12 Appendix Remote Commands to Configure Polynomial Models on page 105 User Manual 1173 1162 12 03 103 Defining the DSP Properties 4 4 9 System Modeling Spline Defines the characteristics of a Spline model
133. or CONF IQGEN FILE TYPE TYPE Q Recorder CONF IQSINK FILE TYPE TYPE TYPE BIN1 BIN2 ASC1 ASC2 MAT M IQW IBN WV FSX SIM DSUIT Data File Name Opens a dialog box to select a file Remote command Q Generator CONF IQGEN FILE NAME string Q Recorder CONF IQSINK FILE NAME string Secondary Data File Name Opens a dialog box to select a second file Defining a second file is necessary only if the selected file format is defined in two files Remote command Q Generator CONF IQGEN FILE NAME2 string Q Recorder CONF IQSINK FILE NAME2 string Binary Format Specification Defines the characteristics for files with binary contents Specifying the File Type El 2 Binary format specification a Data format 32 bit floating point b Data order 10IQ IQ c Byte order LSB first Intel Little E ndian d Fixed point scaling 1 e Fixed point offset 0 f Resulting value range floating point format Data Fottal csa E a a ERN GR E e ana RPM RM RR ERE 109 BE CEBIT Mp 109 cy u ll E M RR 110 Fixed Point Scalig riori bieten ote reete eL ELE ae dienes 110 Fixed Poli OM SQL a eee Tende E E NQrx a Nae BERE da RUE 110 Resulting Valle ESSET scc ecce edere erue rend tbe tee cuidado Peer ebd dug 110 Data Format Sets the precision or value range o
134. or of the signal at the DUT input R amp S FS K130PC calculates this value from the relation of the input RMS power and the input peak power Typically the result is in the range from 4 to 8 dB for digitally modulated signals and from 8 to 12 dB for OFDM signals These results may vary The Crest factor at the DUT input is always 3 dB in case of dual tone signals and 0 dB for CW signals Remote command Query only FETCH NUM POW INP CRES DUT Output RMS RMS power at the DUT output It is the power that the R amp S FS K130PC measures the output RMS power during the auto level process It is the configured final output RMS power of the DUT after a suc cessful auto level procedure Note If you have set a duty cycle the RMS power is corrected by the duty cycle to add to the RMS power during the ON time of the signal For more information see e Duty Cycle on page 67 Remote command Query only FETCH NUM POW OUT RMS DUT Ouput Peak Peak power at the DUT output It is the power the R amp S FS K130PC measures at the DUT output Remote command Query only FETCH NUM POW OUT PEAK DUT Output Crest Crest factor of the signal at the DUT output 3 4 2 Numerical Measurement Results R amp S FS K130PC calculates this value from the relation of the output RMS power and the output peak power Because of nonlinear effects of the DUT the crest factor at the DUT output is reduced compared to th
135. ote command CONF DSP SYNC DOM IQ MAG Error Compensation Contains ways to compensate for errors during signal processing E 3 1 Error compensation a Compensate IQ Imbalance Yes b Compensate IQ Offset Yes c Compensate frequency error Yes d Compensate timing offset Yes e Compensate amplitude droop Yes Compensate lt DSP Parameter aae recen dete reet cep eade dui ed 98 Compensate DSP Parameter Turns error compensation for one of the DSP parameters from the measurement signal on and off You can compensate the following DSP parameters l Q Imbalance 1 Q Offset Frequency Error Timing Offset Amplitude Droop All parameters are estimated during the signal synchronization Turn off the compensa tion for each parameter individually so this error in the measurement signal will no be corrected Remote command Q imbalance CONF DS8P SYNC COMP IQIM ON OFF l Q offset CONF DS8P SYNC COMP IQOF ON OFF Frequency error CONF DSP SYNC COMP FREQ ON OFF Timing offset CONF DS8P SYNC COMP TIME ON OFF Amplitude droop CONF DSP SYNC COMP DROOP ON OFF Gain CONF DSP SYNC COMP GAIN ON OFF Generic Parameter Calculation Contains generic DSP characteristics El 4 Generic parameter calculation a Nonlinear estimation order 7 Nonlinear Estimation Orde ls e oc ceescenssraneneaandvvwcdestenaveceantesisectbasuahcadentaseatseaanee 99 4 4 6 Defining the DSP Properties Nonline
136. put 10 above 1 above 0 1 above 0 01 above 0 001 above X of all signal amplitudes are N dB above the RMS level of the reference signal Remote command 10 96 query only FETCH NUM CCDF INP P10 1 96 query only FETCH NUM CCDF INP P1 0 1 query only FETCH NUM CCDF INP PO 1 0 01 query only FETCH NUM CCDF INP PO 01 0 001 query only FETCH NUM CCDF INP PO 001 DUT Output Level Above RMS Percentage of all signal amplitudes that are higher then the measured signal RMS level Remote command Query only FETCH NUM CCDF OUT RMS Numerical Measurement Results DUT Output 10 above 1 above 0 1 above 0 01 above 0 001 above X of all signal amplitudes are N dB above the RMS level of the measured signal Remote command 10 96 query only FETCH NUM CCDF OUT P10 1 96 query only FETCH NUM CCDF OUT P1 0 1 query only FETCH NUM CCDF OUT PO 1 0 01 96 query only FETCH NUM CCDF OUT PO 01 0 001 query only FETCH NUM CCDF OUT PO 001 Performing Measurements 4 Configuring and Performing Measurements 4 1 e Fefomng Measurements en rre bete eter Rire Re eee ce ea de e 56 Contiguring MICI METIDO 57 e Configuring the Measurement cccccccceceeceeeeeeenceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeees 58 e Defining the DSP PIODGrtlles uecctessciee ettet rnnt ke tee e hne 94 e Specifying the File Type urit eth no eee e
137. r high ouput powers Constellation Diagram The constellation diagram shows the complex values in an I Q diagram and plots the constellation for modulated signals e g 16QAM The available trace types are as follows Reference Slghal tie e e eee EE Y Pe De ER EC Ve 38 Measured SIGMA e P 39 Modeled Sighal citro et ftc e nce rri nd vero Eri 39 EVM Reference vs Measured Signal cedit e tede 39 Predistorted lgiigl 2 detto A on ERA ehe 39 After DPD Expected sciiicet ERR et A ERR enne ERR eae p RaR ee AR TN 39 After DPO MSS GO idus onde texere aar ex ark er d x ee a erue 40 Reference Signal Shows the constellation diagram for the reference signal The reference signal repre sents the ideal signal for your purposes as selected and present at the DUT input For more information on generating a reference signal see chapter 3 1 Recording a Reference Signal on page 30 and chapter 4 3 1 Configuring the I Q Generation on page 59 Graphical Measurement Results Measured Signal Shows the constellation diagram for the synchronized measured signal To match both signals visually the nominal gain of the measurement signal can be eliminated For more information see Gain Normalization on page 117 For more information on the measurement configuration see chapter 4 3 8 Configur ing the I Q Recorder on page 89 Modeled Signal Shows the constellation diagram
138. rates the I Q reference signal or input data for the DUT to work with The dialog box contains all parameters related to the baseband sig nal like signal type or signal parameters The I Q Generator component corresponds to the ARB of a signal generator or a stand alone ARB like the R amp S AMU P Click on the I Q Generator component in the Hardware Configuration element The I Q Generator Properties dialog box opens XP MC PT 60 Mall Oet llis accedo rhet itae ou tese Pe meg istaec d a pepe bd eed tenis nds 60 e Configuring the Internal Stimulus rera ctore ir rrr aia aaa 62 e Configuring a Noise StimulUs ceo eoo rennen nen nne tenen neo nnne 63 e Configuring a Dual Tone Stimulus sees 65 e Configuring the Digital Modulatiopi cao ee eren e e e ee ette 65 e Configuring a Pulse Stimulus sse nnns 66 Configuring a File Sumullis enne ri tnr n ket ni nica dea ep re RR aiiai 67 e Controlling MIK E irt Eod een ertt to xd ce rr tert den 68 Hardware Informatie nere rie veda rE EETEEPe S RYERE E EARE FERE LIEN Te FR MR aii 69 4 3 1 1 4 3 1 2 Configuring the Measurement Usage Contains basic settings for the signal generator E 0 Usage a ARB available for control Yes b Reset ARB at start Yes ARB Available Tor COMON acses a et ee ce EE Lena ege rab oae HERR UE 60 Reset ARB at Start centes agaddaaseegiedadenede utens da Nine E RED shevanddd
139. rates the signal at the DUT output with DPD by feeding the DPD signal directly into the selected model Takes effect only if you simulate the signal Remote command CONF DUT SIM MOD MDPD ON OFF Including Noise Defines characteristics of noise El 2 Noise a Apply noise Yes b Noise seed 1 c Signal to Noise ratio 60 dB PIV NISC EE 83 NOISE SOC EE RE 83 nti 84 Apply Noise Turns noise in the DUT simulation on and off Remote command CONF DUT SIM NOIS STAT ON OFF Noise Seed Defines the value for the random sequence generator that simulates noise Remote command CONF DUT SIM NOIS SEED numeric value Configuring the Measurement SIN Ratio Defines a signal to noise ratio for the simulated signal The S N ratio is the noise power in relation to the main signal power The lower the S N ratio the higher the noise power level Remote command CONF DUT SIM NOIS SNR numeric value 4 3 5 4 Defining Signal Impairments Contains various impairments applied to the signal El 3 Impairments a Apply impairments Yes b Integer timing error 50 Samples c Frequency error 100 Hz d Phase error 10 e offset 0 f Q offset g Gain imbalance 1 Apply Impalrmebfs icit coe eec cete eere geret e eere aot nera 84 Integer Timing SMM sews eve ee aeter a toten ce ea hex tee ex npa ERSS 84 Frequency Offset arcessere es Ge de ua qe Te ER
140. result approximate result 6 White result check not possible but result is valid 7 Green result valid result 8 Red result invalid result 2 5 4 Message Log The message log provides information about the measurement process or errors dur ing the measurement By default the Message Log element is always active after starting R amp S FS K130PC gt Select the Message Log menu item from the Windows menu File Windows 4 Hardware configuration fe DSP configuration Numerical results EZ New Graphical Result Window Message Log Tools Help You can copy the contents of the message log for example to file a problem report Adding Windows to the Working Area Message Log dinde ax Reference Signal Generation Running Signal type Noise 4096 noise samples calculated crest factor 10 1 dB Signal source Internal simulation Measurement path Internal simulation Reference Signal Generation Finished UT Output Signal Measurement Running DUT leveled after 1 loopis DUT Output Signal Measurement Finished v E PUDE UN EL e 2 5 5 89604A Layout If required the software supports an Agilent 89604A mode If you turn it on the user interface of the R amp S FS K130PC looks like the Agilent 89604A user interface 1 Select the 89604A Compatible Layout menu item from the Windows menu File Windows Tools Help Hardware configuration DSP configuration
141. rmat and a smart card reader n E aP 2 Break out the smart card in SIM format Y Using the Smart Card Reader 3 Insert the smart card into the smart card reader 4 a Turn the smart card reader in a way that the OMNIKEY label faces upward b Insert the smart card with the chip face down and the angled corner facing away from the reader 4 Push the smart card into the reader as far as possible The smart card reader is ready for use on any USB interface ec When you connect the reader to the computer MS Windows automatically installs the necessary drivers If not you can install the drivers manually from the software CD The required files are stored in the directory Install USB SmartCard Reader Driver Files The driver files are named according to the processor architecure for which they are designed OMNIKEY3x21 x86 or OMNIKEY3x21 x64 Information on drivers and driver updates are also included in the ReadMe txt file in the same directory as the drivers Locking the computer If you have difficulties unlocking the computer while the smart card is connected because MS Windows tries to get log in information from the card after you have locked the computer You can solve this issue by editing the system registry Automatic change RunDisableCAD reg to change the registry entry automatically The file is in the same directory as the driver files Manual change 1 Open the Wi
142. rom the T Power dropdown menu in the toolbar of the diagram This chapter contains a description of all available result displays including the trace types that are available for each result display Cote BUNG coorta eri mene roy crete a tr ree 33 LAMizo c r t t ened 34 LEE C o mM TA 36 Coristellation Diagltally oeut etre en nue AS 38 ol 40 NE jud 41 land RULES 43 EVM EE 43 LEES o p E 44 Capture Buffer The capture buffer contains the raw data that has been recored during the first stage of signal processing usually the synchronization algorithm The raw data contains the 3 2 2 Graphical Measurement Results reference signal as well as the measurement signal It is the source data for the syn chronization and all further evaluations Both the reference signal and the measurement signal are shifted in time by the mea sured trigger delay of the synchronization algorithm As both signals are matched in the time domain in that case you can compare them visually You can use the capture buffer result display to identify the causes for possible unex pected or invalid results The available trace types are as follows Reference Olglial cuite tret ttd gt cea tte cer tu ceret adt eed den coitu eaa 34 Measured Signal 2 eias sii ced ced eed n ded ted d 34 Measured Signal with DPD ase eiiis crenna teen print rnnt ep nian basia an ER ES 34 Reference Sign
143. s Memory effects typically show as slopes on the curve ecspecially near high ouput powers Gain vs Measured Signal Shows the signal gain as a function of the measured signal power In case of nonlinear amplifiers or DUTs the gain decreases if the input power becomes too high to follow the linear part of the DUT characteristics For very low levels the trace widens vertically due to noise influence Because of memory effects the trace usually widens in the low level and high level ranges Memory effects typically show as slopes on the curve ecspecially near high ouput powers Gain vs Reference Model Shows the signal gain as a function of the signal used for the model estimation proc ess If the DUT was modeled correctly the trace should resemble the Gain vs Ref trace minus noise Because of memory effects the trace usually widens in the low level and high level ranges Memory effects typically show as slopes on the curve ecspecially near high ouput powers Gain vs Measured Signal after DPD Expected Shows the expected signal gain as a function of the output signal including digital pre distortion DPD Because of memory effects the trace usually widens in the low level and high level ranges Memory effects typically show as slopes on the curve ecspecially near high ouput powers Note Because the DUT may get into high compression the total RMS level may be lower than the measured measured signal without DPD Ava
144. s an offset for the noise notch The offset moves the noise notch to a position outside the center of the signal You can use the offset to for example generate a one sided noise signal or to examine asym metric distortion effects Remote command CONF IQGEN NOISE NOTCH OFFS numeric value Initial Search Cycles Defines the number of cycles that are performed during the initial search for the signal with a crest factor closest to the one you have defined To find the signal with the best crest factor the software performs an initial signal search The initial search is an algorithm that uses pure random phase distributions with different initial seed values When the number of search cycles has been comple ted the R amp S FS K130PC uses the signal that resembles most the crest factor you have defined and uses that signal for further optimization of the crest factor Remote command CONF IQGEN NOISE ICYC numeric value Adjustment Cycles Defines the number of test cycles to determine the signal with the crest factor closest to the one you have defined The adjustment cycles begin after the initial search has been done For more information see Initial Search Cycles on page 64 Remote command CONF IQGEN NOISE ACYC numeric value 4 3 1 5 4 3 1 6 Configuring the Measurement Adjustment Steps Defines the number of different signal combinations used during one crest factor adjustment cycle Re
145. sary if the signal has been changed Therefore you can set up the R amp S FS K130PC to check the signal and upload the waveform only if it has been changed e Always Configuring the Measurement Uploads the signal even if the content is identical to the old one On Changed Data Uploads the signal only if it has been changed e Never Offline Never uploads the signal Remote command CONF IQGEN MAIN LOAD NEVER ONCHANGE ALWAYS I Q Reference Signal Type Selects the type and origin of the reference signal R amp S FS K130PC supports measurements on nearly any type of signal Two signal types are already provided In addition it supports the use of customized reference signals Noise Generates a noise signal using multi carrier technique with constant carrier level and random carrier phases trimming the phase to match the selected crest factor e Dual Tone Generates a two tone signal with random phase and defined spacing Digital Modulated Generates a digital modulated signal e File Imports the signal from a file that contains the signal characteristics You can choose from various file formats Pre recorder Reference Signal Uses a signal that has been previously measured and taken from the analyzer while performing a reference measurement e Signal Running on the ARB Generator Uses a signal from an ARB file that you have created on a signal generator Note that it is not possible to
146. serts row s when adding additional I Q samples e Sample index in column direction top bottom Inserts column s when adding additional I Q samples Remote command l Q Generator CONF IOGEN FILE ASCII DIR LEFTRIGHT TOPBOTTOM Q Recorder CONF IOSINK FILE ASCII DIR LEFTRIGHT TOPBOTTOM I Q Data Order Defines the order of the data within the rows or columns The R amp S FS K130PC supports Interleaved Alternating and Q only one row present Block Q after Combined and Q samples only one row present Block Q beside Combined and Q samples samples are in a different row or column than Q sam ples depending on the data orientation For more information see Main Data Direction on page 111 Remote command Q Generator CONF IQGEN FILE ASCII IQORD ILEAV QAFTI QBESI Q Recorder CONF IQSINK FILE ASCII IQORD ILEAV QAFTI QBESI Specifying the File Type 1st Value Is Defines whether the file begins with an or a Q sample Remote command Q Generator CONF IOGEN FILE ASCII FIRST I Q Q Recorder CONF IQSINK FILE ASCII FIRST I Q Sample Separator Defines the character or character combination that separates samples Remote command Q Generator CONF IOGEN FIL E ASCII SEP SAMP DOT COMMA COLON SEMICOL SPACE TAB CR LF CRLF REGDEC
147. ss that you can use to send an error report Recording a Reference Signal 3 Measurements and Result Displays e Recordirg a Reference Sigfial 2 dr et e teni e te ne din aiii 30 e Graphical Measurement Results ener 33 LEES onu Mr mE 45 e Numerical Measurement Results eieee esce ene trant eed 46 3 1 Recording a Reference Signal 3 1 4 Using the Reference Signal Acquisition Wizard The Reference Signal Acquisition Wizard provides functionality to capture a signal directly from a signal generator and then use it as the reference signal Alternatively you can use an artificial reference signal that you load into the R amp S FS K130PC For more information on how to handle files see chapter 4 5 Specifying the File Type on page 107 When you are using the acquisition wizard basically all you need to know about the signal is its center frequency The wizard then records the signal looks for the period and runs averaging on the I Q data P Select the Reference Signal Acquisition Wizard menu item from the Tools menu File Windows Help Y Getreference signal Load running ARB signal from generator e Reference Signal Aquisition Wizard tj Options q Show verbose kernel log The Reference Signal Acquisition Wizard dialog box opens 3 1 1 1 Signal Acquisition Defines the characteristics of the signal to capture and process El 1 Signal aquisition a
148. sssesenneeene nennen ne nnhh ener sksdi sns aa iis d daa ssa ndn 81 Measurement Data Source Selects the source of the I Q data You can get the measurement data at the DUT output in three ways Hardware Data recording by measuring the data with an analyzer 4 3 5 2 Configuring the Measurement e File Import the data you want to measure via a file Internal simulation Simulate a DUT according to specification Remote command CONF IOSINK SOUR HW FILE SIM Defining a Signal Model Defines the characteristics of the signal model El 1 Model a Apply model Yes b Model to be used Memory polynomial polynomial c Pre model gain 0 dB d Post model gain 0 dB e Use model for DPD Yes AAD DIV MOG E E E A TTA 82 Model reinaan Ea aa e E aaa a E a AEE aaa 82 Promod G1 a Re en e a aN 83 Postmotdel Galli 2 oie eec xe aset RIED pe a a ex dani arrani ER 83 UsenModel For DEB mene eot teet eter pe zet ipe ria t rect atn etim a dee DETERE ENa 83 Apply Model Turns the nonlinearity model in the DUT simulation on and off Remote command CONF DUT SIM MOD STAT ON OFF Model Opens a dialog box to select and define the simulation curve The software already provides several predefined simulation curves that you can select from the Predefined Model dropdown menu The graphical representation of the model with the corresponding output spectrum is also part of the dialog box When you right cli
149. stored in the Debug File Root folder Store Kernel Output If active the R amp S FS K130PC saves the DSP output files in case unexpected signal processing events happen Problem solution for R amp S customer support may be easier if you include these files in the error report to reproduce the entire DSP flow with all data going out of the DSP The DSP output file is stored in the Debug File Root folder VISA Call Logging Depth Defines the extent of logging of SCPI communication between PC and instrument Activate and use this feature to solve problems relating to remote control About the System The performance of the R amp S FS K130PC depends on the system configuration you are using If the system does not meet the requirements the R amp S FS K130PC may not work correctly gt Select the About menu item from the Help menu Using Support Functions File Windows Tools Help Help Contents Index Release Note Cj Send a support mail dk Test automatic error report mailing W License Information The About message box contains an overview of the state of the system components the R amp S FS K130PC requires like memory usage or software versions Use this infor mation as a source to detect problems Generic information Software path Memory information Physical memory Remote control enses T 3 FSA version Ja
150. t of the capture buffer Power Input Shows the absolute power at the DUT input at the marker position Power Output Shows the absolute power at the DUT output at the marker position Power Gain Shows the gain between DUT input and output at the marker position Phase Error Shows the phase error at the marker position Using the Marker EVM Shows the EVM at the marker position I Q Input Shows the voltage at the I Q input at the moment of the marker position I Q Output Shows the voltage at the I Q input at the moment of the marker position 6 Remote Control Example The following code shows an example of how you can perform a quick measurement using the remote control functionality of the software connect to the VISA DLL viOpenDefaultRM 0x0600B8F8 connect to the software the software is on the same machine as the remote script viOpen 0x0600B8F8 TCPIP 127 0 0 1 5050 SOCKET 0 20 0x06064148 set a time out of 5 seconds viSetAttribute 0x06064148 TMO VALUE 5000 use the end character viSetAttribute 0x06064148 TERMCHAR EN VI TRUE define the end character as 0x0A viSetAttribute 0x06064148 TERMCHAR 10 send END viSetAttribute 0x06064148 SEND END EN VI TRUE do not suppress END viSetAttribute 0x06064148 SUPPRESS END EN VI_FALSE clear to start in a defined state viClear 0x06064148 read out possible errors viWrite 0x06064148 SYST ERR 10 10 viRead 0x0
151. t the R amp S FS K130PC provides Standard The standard or most typical evaluation method for every result display This evaluation method is available for every result display e For the Power result display it shows the power level y axis over time x axis By default the unit for the power is dBm e For the Gain result display it shows the gain in 96 y axis for every measured power level x axis e For the Constellation result display it shows the constellation of the and Q branches of the signal in a diagram The unit is Volt by default Forthe AM AM result display the standard evaluation method shows the signal s power level at the input of the DUT against the power level at the output of the DUT The default unit for both axis is dBm e For the AM PM result display it shows the phase difference in degrees y axis for every measured power level x axis e For the and Q result display it shows the power over time for either the branch of the signal or the Q branch of the signal The branch currently shown depends on the selected trace The unit is Volt by default e For the EVM result it shows the Error Vector Magnitude y axis over time x axis The default unit of the EVM is 96 e For the Channel result it shows the power level y axis of the channel over time The number of data R amp S FS K130PC returns depends on the number of samples The number of samples you have currently set is displayed in the diagr
152. the input mixer El 1 Main settings aJ RF frequency 1 GHz b 10 MHz reference frequency source Not coupled c Use external mixer No d External mixer band KA 26 5 40 GHz RIF Fodion eoe te eost ue treu ludis terium une EE s edis ute ION eee 86 10 MHz Reference Frequency Source ssssssssssssseeeeeee eene 86 Use External MIXBI te eerte rer tem veia rea et ed ct dd dudo 87 Extetiiall Mizer Bald p e nre nee e Ger re e rec eot nes ii 87 RF Frequency Shows the frequency at the DUT output This is a read only field R amp S FS K130PC automatically calculates the frequency from the DUT properties For more information see chapter 4 3 4 4 Frequency Conversion Configuration on page 78 Remote command Query only CONF DOCO FREQ 10 MHz Reference Frequency Source Defines the source of the reference frequency 10 MHz Use the reference frequency of the analyzer to get a better frequency accuracy The full synchronization can compensate the frequency error but if possible coupling the reference frequencies is recommended Configuring the Measurement You can also supply an external frequency generator to be used as reference fre quency e g if the DUT generates its own reference frequency Remote command CONF DOCO REF OFF IQGEN INPMIX OUTMIX IQREC EXT Use External Mixer Includes or excludes an external mixer from the test setup For more information on e
153. tings have been assigned predefined values gt Select the Preset menu item from the File menu File Windows Tools Help lt Instrument configuration Load settings Save settings Export L G tou Exit The software restores the predefined values for all settings SCPI command SYST PRES If you change a setting to a value other than the predefined one the font of this setting turns bold Preset state c System Bandwidth 16 MHz Changed state c System Bandwidth 20 MHz Loading and saving customized settings If you have customized the values of any parameter save that set of settings in a file for quick access at a later time P Select the Save Settings menu item from the File menu Starting the Software File Windows Tools Help Preset eji Instrument configuration Ej Load settings ud Save settings 0 3 Export L Exit The R amp S FS K130PC opens a dialog box to save the current measurement config uration in a file with the FS_K130 Config file extension The FS_K130_Config file format The FS K130 Config file format is in effect an xml file format Therefore you can open and edit the file with any editor capable of viewing xml files However if you want to change settings externally make sure to keep the structure consistent gt Select the Load Settings menu item from the File menu File Windows To
154. to b X axis max auto c Y axis min auto d Y axis max auto Configuring Measurement Results X Axis Minimum Defines the minimum value of the x axis You can define the minimum x axis value manually or let the software automatically calculate the ideal minimum value Remote command not supported X Axis Maximum Defines the maximum value of the x axis You can define the maximum x axis value manually or let the software automatically calculate the ideal maximum value Remote command not supported Y Axis Maximum Defines the maximum value of the y axis You can define the maximum y axis value manually or let the software automatically calculate the ideal maximum value Remote command not supported Y Axis Minimum Defines the minimum value of the Y axis You can define the minimum Y axis value manually or let the software automatically calculate the ideal minimum value Remote command not supported 5 2 4 Window Functions The Window Functions contains settings that select the FFT window function charac teristics applied to the signal El 2 Window function a Window function Rectangle no win b Window factor 05 Window Function Selects the FFT window function Available for the Spectrum evaluation method Remote command not supported Window Factor Selects the window factor for variant filters 5 2 5 5 2 6 Configuring Measurement Results Available for the Spectrum evaluation
155. to the requested level the process is terminated with an error E 5 Autoleveling a Learn gain curve No b Initial power reduction 25 dB c Leveling cycles 10 d Maximum leveling error 0 1 dB e Raw adjust step size 4dB f Auto leveling domain Based on IQ data g Maximum number of samples 10000 Learn Gain GUEVO tier er a eed i ve Dee t t e e e t e E ieee 79 Initial Power RECUCUON is 5 a a A alec 80 gone m 80 Maximum Level EOT creaire raapia ctae Ree Ree ier En etes 80 RW AGUSI Slop SZE T 80 Puto Leveling DONA rete aR R A A 80 Maximum Number of Samples sse enne enne nnns 81 Learn Gain Curve Turns an algorithm that remembers past gain curves on and off and includes those in the auto leveling process Remote command CONF DUT ALEV LEARN ON OFF Configuring the Measurement Initial Power Reduction Defines the power reduction of the DUT The power reduction is part of the calculation of the initial power of the auto level proc ess If you don t know the exact reduction of the DUT you have to enter an approximate value or the reduction that you expect Remote command CONF DUT ALEV PRED numeric value Leveling Cycles Defines the maximum number of auto leveling loops that are performed until the auto level routine stops The leveling process may due to special DUT effects like a negat
156. u have set Depnding on the alignment of the reference signal relative to the measurement signal however the number of averages can be one lower or one higher compared to the set value For more information see Numerical Measurement Results Periods to Capture on page 90 Remote command Query only FETCH NUM SYNC AVG Confidence Quality of the synchronization of reference signal and measured signal Typically the confidence should be above 9796 Heavy nonlinear effects can cause lower values If the confidence is below 50 it is likely that the reference and measurement signal are completely different Probable causes are that the generator output is not connec ted to the DUT input that and Q are swapped or a damaged DUT Remote command Query only FETCH NUM SYNC CONF Frequency Offset Frequency difference of reference signal and measurement signal If the reference oscillators of signal generator and analyzer are not coupled the two internal 10 MHz OCXOs generate slightly different reference frequencies If the reference frequencies are coupled the frequency offset should be about 0 Hz If the offset is very high it is likely that e the reference frequency sources are not coupled correctly e g if the analyzer is configured for external reference frequency but the cable is not connected e the OCXO offsets are too high especially if you are using custom signal genera tors instead of measurement
157. ualizes the signal flow over all hardware components in the test setup Each component of the test setup is represented as a colored box The lines in between visualize which components are connected Depending on the test setup the Hardware Configuration element may show different components and a different setup Refer to the description of each hardware compo nent for more information on its properties If you add the Hardware Configuration window you can add it once gt Select the Hardware Configuration menu item from the Windows menu 2 5 2 Adding Windows to the Working Area File Windows Tools Help a Hardware configuration DSP configuration Numerical results EZ New Graphical Result Window dj Message Log The R amp S FS K130PC adds the Hardware Configuration window to the work space Hardware Configuration The following components may be part of the Hardware Configuration Q Generator Input Mixer DUT Input Attenuation DUT Simulation DUT Output Attenuation Output Mixer 1 Q Recorder Quick software configuration Clicking anywhere in the block diagram opens a dialog box that contains ten important settings for quick configuration of a measurement Hardware Properties Each hardware component has its own characteristics Properties windows contain all necessary characteristics of the corresponding hardware component If you add a Properties window you can add
158. uation of the signal can avoid damage to the hardware In order to display correct power readings the output attenuation value can be speci fied P Click on the DUT Output Attenuation component in the Hardware Configuration element The DUT Output Attenuation Properties dialog box opens e Maln Sed cese aided Vena eant ee tpa ev PRR EEE de Yer RR NR 85 Main Settings Contains general characteristics of the DUT input El 1 Main settings a Fixed attenuation 0 dB Fixed Attenuatiol 2 E aeaa a treitile cei Pitox GEN 85 Fixed Attenuation Defines the attenuation at the DUT input or output in dB Remote command Input attenuation CONF IATT FIX numeric value Output attenuation CONF OATT FIX numeric value Configuring the Measurement 4 3 7 Converting the RF Signal 4 3 7 1 When testing a DUT with an RF output you need to convert the RF signal back into a baseband signal The corresponding component is the RF section of a vector signal analyzer All settings necessary for the down conversion are available through the Down Converter dialog box P Click on the Output Mixer component in the Hardware Configuration element The Output Mixer Properties dialog box opens IWIN c 86 Swapping and Taverting VO Dia e t c e t eee ee diee e 87 Hardware Information 2 5 eaa aei dr aie reis Eia tea PESE lies 87 Main Settings Contains general characteristics of
159. uency Timing Phase Gain IQ Parameter supports I Q aver aging Remote command CONF DSP FLOW SYNC OFF TPG ALL Channel Estimation Turns the calculation of amplitude and phase response for the synchronized data on and off If you are not interested in the channel impulse response switch channel estimation off This also speeds up the signal processing Remote command CONF DSP FLOW CEST OFF FFT LIKELI Modeling Selects the method of DUT model calculation The following models are available e Off Performs no modeling useful e g if you are interested in the raw EVM only Polynomial Calculates a polynomial model old version from R amp S FS K130PC Version 1 0 e Polynomial enhanced Calculates a polynomial model with higher performance more configurability and better stability in high nonlinear regions Spline Calculates a memory free model using spline approximation techniques e Memory polynomial Calculates a polynomial model with memory effects but no intermix between differ ent delay states Volterra Calculates a polynomial model with memory effects and intermix between different delay states Remote command CONF DSP FLOW MOD OFF POLY OLD POLY SPLINE MEMPOLY VOLTERRA Defining the DSP Properties Detect Pulses In Reference Signal Turns pulse detection in the reference signal on and off If on the software tries to detect the On and Off regions of the pulses a
160. uments connected to fe PC wa IEEE of LAN bus Please use Ihe Natonal instruments VISA e The Natonal instrument VISA driver CD is supplied together wth the RES FSPC You can also visit http Awww ni comesa to get fe latest version for your operating system 1 Navigation and address bar 2 Safety Instructions tab 3 Software Installation tab Installing the Software 4 Documentation tab 5 Contact tab 6 Tab menu 7 Main window The Installation tab has three categories in the tab menu e Required Components Contains a guide to install the software components that are necessary to run the software e Software Installation Contains a guide to install the R amp S FS K130PC itself Release Notes Contains the release notes that were issued with each software release 2 2 1 Installing Required Components You have to install several software components required to successfully run the soft ware All components are delivered with the R amp S FS K130PC Required components Microsoft NET Framework 2 0 Microsoft Visual C Runtime Library a specific version delivered with the R amp S FS K130PC e MATLAB Component Runtime R2012a 32 bit e intel IPP Library Version 4 1 e VISA gt Navigate to the Required Components category in the Installation tab Required Components The R amp S FS K96 OFDM Vector Signal Analysis Software needs some additonal sofware components 1o run propery Follow the steps
161. value Frequency Offset Defines the frequency offset for a frequency converting DUT For more information on how the frequency offset is used see Input Frequency on page 76 Remote command CONF DUT FCON OFFS numeric value Configuring the Measurement 4 3 4 5 Auto Leveling Defines the characteristics of the auto level routine The R amp S FS K130PC automatically sets the level at the DUT output by performing an auto level routine Turning off auto leveling Note that you can turn off auto leveling by turning off Control Power Usually you do not have to modify any auto leveling settings to get correct results Some DUTs however have special characteristics and the software needs to be set up accordingly The auto level routine works as follows e Raw leveling The process begins with an initial power level This initial level is the sum of DUT Level Max Gain Initial Power Reduction The software then increases or decreases the power level in even steps until it is close to the requested output level The software uses the difference to the reques ted power level as a correction value Fine leveling When the level comes close to the requested level the steps are adjusted accord ing to the difference in requested and configured level until the level comes even closer to the requested level The difference between the DUT level and the If the maximum number of leveling steps is reached without coming close enough
162. value and removing the complex offset Remote command l Q Generator CONF IQGEN FILE SPEC REMDC ON OFF Q Recorder CONF IQSINK FILE SPEC REMDC ON OFF Signal Name Name of the signal when reading data exported from R amp S FSV K70 Remote command Q Generator CONF IQGEN FILE SPEC NAME REF MEAS Q Recorder CONF IOSINK FILE SPEC NAME REF MEAS Selecting the Evaluation Method 9 Analyzing Measurement Results 5 1 The R amp S FS K130PC provides several functions for a more detailed analysis and eval uation of the measurement results The necessary functionality is either part of the toolbar of the result display or the cor responding context menu e Selecting the Evaluation Method sssssssssssssssseeneere nennen 115 e Configuring Measurement Results sess 116 Sealing ME AXiS m 122 e Handling Wace DBIS eic Ear tort hend en ER aa aae ikkini aeai ianiai 122 e Using the Maltl5l o cere nere nennt gx e cec Put x Rr nae Exe xen 123 Selecting the Evaluation Method The evaluation method selects the way measurement results are displayed The type or aspect of the results stay the same Only the way R amp S FS K130PC presents the results changes gt Select the evaluation method from the spectrum dropdown menu This chapter contains all evaluation methods tha
163. with the reference signal but then continues with a different signal content A case like that would lead to correlation and synchronization errors To avoid such erros you can use this parameter to limit the analysis to a particular number of reference signal periods For example setting the periods to analyze to 1 analyzes only one period of the reference signal within the measurement signal Remote command CONF DSP SYNC AVG numeric value Search Tolerance Defines the percentage of reference signal periods to try to sync besides one reference signal period within the measurement signal For the typical applications you should not change the search tolerance Remote command CONF DSP SYNC TOL numeric value Rough Correlation Sync Domain Selects the correction method used for the rough estimation during signal synchroniza tion Signal synchronization is a 2 step algorithm The first step is a rough estimation on only a few parameters The Rough Correlation Sync Domain applies to that step You can select either Magnitude or IQ domain The second step of the algorithm is a fine estimation that includes all parameters to estimate 4 4 4 4 4 5 Defining the DSP Properties Note In case of signals that contain AM components only you have to run the rough estimation on the Magnitude of the signal to get stable results This is because in case of AM signals the quadrature part of the signal is close to 0 Rem
164. xternal mixers refer to the documentation of the product you are using Remote command CONF DOCO MIX STAT ON OFF External Mixer Band Selects the frequency band of the external mixer If the external mixer you are using is in a frequency band other than the predefined Ones you can also select a custom band User menu item For more information on external mixers refer to the documentation of the product you are using Remote command CONF DOCO MIX BAND numeric value 4 3 7 2 Swapping and Inverting I Q Data Defines the handling of I Q data El 2 10 swap and invert a Swap IQ No b Invert No c Invert Q No OUO 87 Ind 87 Swap I Q Turns a swap of the inphase and quadrature parts of the signal on and off Remote command CONF DOCO IQ SWAP ON OFF Invert I Q Inverts the inphase I branch and quadrature Q branch parts of the signal Remote command Invert CONF DOCO IQ INVI ON OFF Invert Q CONF DOCO IQ INVQO ON OFF 4 3 7 3 Hardware Information Shows information about the hardware in use Configuring the Measurement El 3 Hardware Information aJ VISA Instrument address b Instrument IDN c Instrument Type d Instrument Options VISA Mo trumemnt Addos ooir A O patata d edd ad 88 Instrument TYDE rics R E EEE ETE EE E 88 Iistrumment TY 0S neoa a AS 88 Instr mesent OPO ONS ioc 1 reiecta tede entr apad in

R&S FS-K130PC Distortion Analysis Software User Manual

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R&amp;S FS-K130PC Distortion Analysis Software User Manual

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R&S FS-K130PC Distortion Analysis Software User Manual