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The Editor exaEdit User's Manual

1. It will be very useful for you as well that you can leave out spaces if this does not affect the distinction between the command and its parameters For example you can write COPY 1000 B as COPY1000B 1 4 Additional Features 1 4 1 Editing Directories exaEdit allows you to edit all data sets of a directory simultaneously For that reason all files will each get an unambiguous heading and are loaded together into a single workfile When written back to the data storage they will be separated again if you wish so In addition you may choose the files to be loaded by specifying their names or part of their names Details you will find in section 3 1 3 5 Loading all Files of a Directory 1 4 2 Programmability exaEdit has some features which allow you to execute a series of editing steps in a programmed manner exaEdit could be looked at rather as a kind of script language Details you will find in section 3 1 21 Programming the Editor and following 1 4 3 Profile Files A profile file for exaEdit is a file that contains exaEdit commands carried out at the beginning of the exaEdit session or when a new workfile is started With the help of these commands you can change the editor s adjustment once and for all There could be an installation profile file which is the same for everybody who uses the same installed editor e g when working with a workstation But you can also have private profile files and determine their content by yo
2. 22 23 24 MAIN exafil1 319 11 Compared to the last picture in the lesson 2 4 Creating a File the following has changed Both in the top line and in the status line there is the file name exafill put down If you now make some changes in the workfile you only need to enter the command file to save them at the end exaEdit will write the workfile in the file exafil1 But you could also write the workfile into another file by indicating its name in the FILE command file filnew Please enter this command After this you receive the following request again New data set press J or Y to create it 26 Chapter 2 First Steps In contrast to the lesson 2 4 Creating a File I now suggest that you press any character key except J or Y As this could happen involuntarily you actually wanted to type Y but you missed the key exaEdit warns you by giving a message and a sound that the FILE command has not been finished ATTENTION Data not saved But now in order to have a second file for later lessons you repeat the FILE command please and answer the question with J or Y Then finish this exaEdit session with the command QUIT or END 2 8 Changing Data Directly In this lesson you will learn how you can change data that already exists Please enter the command exaedit exafill as in the previous lesson exafil1 is the file you created in the lesson How to Create a File Now the window should look the same way it did in
3. last the last line of your workfile bottom the first line of your workfile top where exaEdit refers to the top line or the first line contain ing data depending on the context s the line which has been marked by SET t ORPR DIO 30 Chapter 2 First Steps Examples for the COPY command copy 100 200 copies the lines from 100 to 200 beneath the current line co doubles the current line co doubles the current line co p doubles the line above the current line co p copies the line before the current line and the current line beneath the current line i e it changes the two lines a b to the 4 lines a b a b if b was the current line before cofl copies all lines beneath the current line only possible if the current line is the last line or the top line An additional method to copy lines you will find in section 3 3 Prefix Commands 2 14 Moving Lines For moving lines there is the command move from to It works in the same way as COPY with the single exception that the lines you specify are not copied but moved Examples for this are move 100 200 moves the lines from 100 to 200 beneath the current line mo p exchanges the current line and the previous one An additional method to move lines will be implemented in future versions of exaEdit 2 15 Searching Data When you are looking for a certain passage in your data you can page through your file But you can also find a particul
4. exaEdit in line mode exaEdit message 34 exaEdit dmp not opened exaEdit message 70 exaEdit dmp closed exaEdit message 70 exaEdit jjjj mm tt hh mm ss wfn dsn not opened exaEdit message 70 exaEdit Bus error exaEdit message 70 exaEdit End process exaEdit message 70 exaEdit Escape sequences instead of keys exaEdit message 44 exaEdit External command ended exaEdit message 73 75 exaEdit Illegal instruction exaEdit message 70 exaEdit Press Enter when you have seen everything exaEdit message 73 75 exaEdit Segmentation fault exaEdit message 70 EXAEDITIP environment variable 64 exec exaEdit command 62 87 n EXEC line longer than window width exaEdit message 87 exp see expand expand exaEdit command 87 Expanded n times in m records by k blanks exaEdit message 87 export Unix command 34 External command ended exaEdit message 73 75 f symbolic line number 30 83 86 95 F key is not defined exaEdit message 61 F key now defined exaEdit message 62 fil see file file exaEdit command 23 25 41 88 1 file loaded exaEdit message 40 File not found exaEdit message 37 43 File system may be read only exaEdit message 43 files loaded exaEdit message 40 fill exaEdit command 88 First number larger than second exaEdit message 83 95 109 function specific help text 88 getcwd errno exaEdit message 38 44 h see help help exaEdit command 31 88 hex se
5. only searches the columns col1 to col2 for the characters to split at ssplit coll searches the columns starting at col1 for the characters If you enter an E after the character string the dividing of the line does not happen at the beginning of the character string but at the end of the string 110 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands ss the e results in the two lines and the dog watched the cat You do not necessarily need to specify a character string to split at You may also specify a column to divide a record ss 5 provides the result and t he dog watched the cat The latter method is also useful to create an empty line before or after the current line ssi or ss results in an empty record before the current line ss n with a column n specified generates an empty line after the current line The column n must be situated beyond the last character that is no space For the example above you may enter ss33 The parameter H hexadecimal allows you to enter the character string in hexadecimal form Since 1 byte is always defined by 2 hexadecimal characters exaEdit always demands that the amount of the entered hexadecimal characters is even Otherwise exaEdit will generate the error message Odd number of hex characters Entering a character that is not hexadecimal results in the error message Wrong hex character If for example you would want to split a record at a tab sign in hexadecimal form 09 that occ
6. 34 Sorry I need to know a more specific terminal type than 34 Sort fields overlap 109 Sorted 108 Source and target area overlap 76 80 stat errno 38 44 Target in COPY area 83 Target in MOVE area 95 Target record not found 77 81 TERM not defined 34 Terminaltype is 34 There is no column 0 This error message can occur with many exaEdit commands but is described only here Some exaEdit commands need a column specification for a parameter The columns are counted from number 1 onwards a column with the number 0 is not allowed Mind that a parameter variable also can have the value O and thus result in the given error message There is no next record This error message can occur with many exaEdit commands but is described only here You have used the symbolic line number n with a command e g MOVE n refers to the record following the current record but since the current line is the last line of the workfile there is no next record There is no previous record This error message can occur with many exaEdit commands but is described only here You have used the symbolic line number p with a command e g COUNT p refers to the line prior to the current one but since the current line is the first line of the workfile there is no previous record Too many symbolic links refer to itself 37 43 terminal Chapter 5 The exaEdit Messages 127 Translation to lowe
7. Filling stops either before the next blank line or before that record which begins with string or at the end of the file If you do not specify a parameter then the stop record will be the next blank line If you have a text where paragraphs are marked by blank lines or by an unambigious mark at the end of the paragraph but at the beginning of a record you may by this means fill the text paragraph by paragraph In all cases you should make sure that the blank lines or the stop strings are present or are typed in the right way Otherwise the filling up may unwantedly run too far or even to the end of the file HELP cmd PREFIX H If this command is entered without parameters the result is a list of all commands special help texts and prefix commands displayed in the window The command words and special help texts in this list are spelled with capital and small letters The capital letters at the beginning of a command word denote the minimal abbreviation For example COpy denotes that the COPY command can be entered as COPY COP or CO but not as C The list of the commands is sorted according to the minimal abbreviations i e not exactly alphabetically with regard to the full command words If you specify a command name as parameter of the HELP command you receive the syntax and meaning of that command In the first line of the output there is the complete command syntax on the left In the spelling of the syntax vertical lines an
8. If the line after the current line is empty when you call CONCAT the command CONCAT string 3 2 The Commands 83 works like the expansion of the current line by the characters string With the command SSPLIT compare the entry there you can create an empty line if you wish to use the effect described above to expand a record COPY numi num2 wfname CO The command COPY copies one or more records behind the record of the current line in the workfile The records to be copied are specified by their number or a symbolic number The number of a record may be specified without the leading zeros Symbolic record numbers resp line numbers are for the current line previous for the line before the current line next for the line behind the current line first for the first line of the workfile last for the last line of the workfile top for the top line of the workfile bottom for the last line of the workfile set for the line marked with SET noOocdctrHMhp O x If you specify only one number in the COPY command only this record will be copied If you specify two numbers all records from the first to the second number will be copied For this purpose it is necessary that num1 lt num2 is valid If that is not the case you receive the message First number larger than second If you specify a number that does not exist in your workfile you receive the message Number not found
9. If the window is too small or if the operating system cannot use the window mode i e writing in the whole window exaEdit will work in the line mode You can explicitly ask for the line mode exaEdit command scope off compare section 3 1 20 exaEdit displays the content or in most cases parts of the content of the workfile in the upper part of the window the so called data zone The lower part of the window mainly serves the input of commands details discussed later and the output of answers of the editor it is called dialogue zone So a window showing the workfile presented above would look as follows prerequisite a window with 24 lines 3 1 Functions 47 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 1l 21 31 4 51 6l 7 MAIN exaEdit 02B TOP LINE file 8 000100 1st record of the file 91000200 2nd record 101000300 This is the last record 11l 121 13 14 15 16 Coe bette acco ett Malem Del fu Rak weg A NN ION EOS 17 18lexaEdit 191_ 201 211 221 231 24 MAIN file 3 19 1 The numbering above 1 80 and on the left 1 24 and the frame are not visible in the window they are only used as points of reference in this manual The data zone where the records of the workfile or parts of them are displayed contains the lines 1 to 15 In line 16 there is a ruler which is supposed to make it easier for you to count the columns Lines 17 t
10. In this case it would probably be better to use another character which is reachable directly Often the comma will provide a solution To avoid the trouble of entering the command cmdsep every time you start a exaEdit session you can solve the problem once and for all by putting the command mentioned above in the exaEdit profile file Compare also section 3 1 26 The Profile Files Please note that you do not have to change the command separator if the character is part of a character string in a command For example 1 ab searches for the character string ab If you want to concatenate the LOCATE command with another command you only need to write 1 ab change The command 1 ab would search for the character string ab To concatenate this command with another one you could write the following version 1 ab change Delimitating character strings has priority over recognition of the command separator 3 1 8 Presentation in the Window Current Line The editor exaEdit works on the records in a file and treats them as lines at the same time this is an example of a file with three records xxx Ist record of the file x x 2nd record This is the last record exaEdit uses the whole window at disposal for its work If you change the window size while you work with exa Edit which unfortunately is not possible in all operating systems exaEdit recognizes this change and adjusts to the new size automatically
11. The are replaced by the number in the output You also have to mind that the target area of the COPY command is not within the area to be copied To be precise the target area of the copy command is the place between the current and the following record The area to be copied must not contain the current line and the line following the current line This would be the case if the command was COPY num2 and num2 was behind the current line If you do not comply to these restrictions you will receive the message Target in COPY area Some examples co doubles the current line co b copies the last line co f 1 copies the whole workfile beneath the current line only possible if the current line is the last line or the top line co500 copies from line 500 to the current line co p copies from the line before the current line to the current line i e doubles two records at the place of the current line that is changes the 2 lines a b to the 4 lines a b a b if b was the current line Without the specification of a third parameter the records are taken from the workfile where they should be inserted It is also possible to specify a workfile as third parameter where the records should be fetched for copying If the specified workfile does not exist you receive the message Workfile not found For example the command copy 1000 1500 abc 84 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands copies the records with the numbers 1000 to 1
12. and then Command Prompt The window you will get has normally 24 lines with 80 columns each For reasonable working you will probably want to use a larger window but for the beginning it is surely appropriate to use the standard extents because these extents are used in the following figures 2 2 Some Editor Logic The smallest information unit which is of interest to us when we talk about editors is the byte or character 17 18 Chapter 2 First Steps Several characters together can form a unit the so called record Such a unit can be labelled with a particular end of record character or it may be distinguished in some other way from the rest of the other bytes in the computer system this is not important to us at the moment It is more important to know what a file and an editor are and how you can change or create a file with the help of an editor I will explain this to you in the next few sentences on a very basic level A file sometimes also called a data set is a sequence of records on a data medium fixed disk hard disk CD ROM etc As a common rule a file is displayed in the window in such a way that each record of the file takes one line An editor is a program to create or change files Most of the editors work as exaEdit does as well in such a way that they keep a copy of the file in the main memory central memory internal memory working storage general storage of the computer If you want to e g
13. at the end of the Unix command makes sure that netscape works asynchronously to exaEdit With the command manual only the manual parameter set marked with is displayed With the command manual name only the specified manual parameter set is displayed With the command manual the manual parameter set marked with is used and the Unix or DOS command in it is executed With the command manual name the specified manual parameter set is used and the Unix or DOS command implied in it is executed With the command manual name default the specified manual parameter set is marked with and the set that has been labelled with an so far loses its label With the command manual name delete the specified manual parameter set is deleted An instead of name deletes all manual parameter sets With the command manual name set character string a new manual parameter set is defined As mentioned above name has to consist of one to four letters or digits The character string has to be a complete Unix or DOS command Since it is highly probable that it contains slashes you have to choose another character as a delimiter for the character string You may abbreviate the parameters DELETE and SET as usual If you wish to define a parameter set which is very similar to an existing one you can have 3 2 The Commands 95 the existing set displayed with manual name and then alter the display as you like it and seal it by pressing the return
14. change a file you call an editor and tell it the file name Then the editor copies the file from the data medium into the main memory Usually the editor displays the data it has stored in the main memory in sections in the window After that the editor carries out the changes you will specify The final step is to write all the data from the main memory back on the data medium Only then the changing of the file is finished The copy of a file which is kept in the main memory by exaEdit is called workfile If you want to create a new file whose data still have to be put in you must start the editor with an empty workfile Then you type your data and at the end of it you give the command to make a new file out of this workfile which now contains your data This example is described more detailed in the section 2 4 How to Create a File after the next section 2 3 For Your Orientation As explained above your window should be as large as 24 x 80 characters It has to be in the basic state of your Unix session or your command prompt i e accept Unix commands or line commands as input Then please type exaedit as a command As the result of the execution of this command you receive a picture similar to the following one 2 3 For Your Orientation 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 1 21 3l 4l 5l 6l 7 8 MAIN exaEdit 02B TOP LINE 9 101 111 1
15. gt skey lauf flag 061000 memcpy pb wakt gt skey 1 zeile j 061100 m wakt gt lwwidth 061200 if m gt 0 061300 i ipsa Cat a aa E aein E ata A e an a A ae ey A O e a ae Poa an a po60600 MAIN xed06a c 6193 18 1 The upper part of the image shows the data zone in which the workfile normally only a part of it of course is displayed The part below the ruler is called the dialogue zone where but not only there you can enter your commands and where exaEdit gives answers or asks questions The last line is the status line it contains information on certain states of exaEdit You can choose nearly any window size and you can change it during an exaEdit session as you like it prerequisite your operating system allows this e g X Window exaEdit will always adapt to it immediately The next section describes which vertical part of your workfile exaEdit displays In the horizontal dimension the beginnings of the records are shown as a standard If your records are too long the surplus data will be put in additional subsequent lines below the actual line To cope with this one possibility you could choose is to define a logical windowwidth as you like it Thus you can determine the data which should be displayed in subsequent lines The second possibility is to move the horizontal section over the logical windowwidth according to your preferences not yet implemented If exaEdit cannot us
16. may be specified without leading zeros Symbolic record numbers resp line numbers are allowed as well That may be for the current line previous for the line before the current line next for the line after the current line first for the first line of the workfile last for the last line of the workfile top for the top line of the workfile bottom for the last line of the workfile set for the line marked with SET nocdkt rHmMhSB TO Example dl f 1 Deletes all records in the workfile and therefore is identical with DELETE ALL After the erasure the last record before the deleted records is set into the current line DISPLAY n ALL D The command DISPLAY shows the record of the current line in the dialogue zone If you specify a number n of records or the parameter ALL n records starting with the current line or all records of the workfile will be listed The main application of this command is in the line mode of exaEdit In the line mode the records of the workfile are not displayed in the window if you do not ask for it with the command DISPLAY Besides you can also use DISPLAY in the normal window mode to create a copy of the record of the current line in the dialogue zone for example Then you could use the line for the number command change the line and create a new line out of the old one Note please that DISPLAY only shows the first line of a record that takes more
17. see replace Records counted size of workfile exaEdit message 39 records n parameter with the LOAD command 39 rek see rekey rekey exaEdit command 101 REKEY produces too large number exaEdit message 101 Renumbered exaEdit message 51 replace exaEdit command 102 ret see return return exaEdit command 53 102 rl see rlocate rlocate exaEdit command 31 103 rnl see rnlocate rnlocate exaEdit command 98 104 s symbolic line number 83 86 95 sc see scope scope exaEdit command 60 106 se see sequence Search from begin wrap exaEdit message 30 92 96 Search from end wrap exaEdit message 31 98 103 105 Segmentation fault exaEdit message 70 sequence exaEdit command 106 SEQUENCE exceeds 99999999 or field width exaEdit message 107 set Unix command 34 set exaEdit command 53 107 SET storage changed return to previous record exaEdit message 53 102 107 SET storage invalid exaEdit message 72 125 SET storage unused exaEdit message 72 126 sk see skey skey exaEdit command 107 Sorry I don t know how to deal with your terminal exaEdit message 34 Sorry I need to know a more specific terminal type than exaEdit message 34 sort exaEdit command 108 133 134 Sort fields overlap exaEdit message 109 Sorted exaEdit message 108 Source and target area overlap exaEdit message 76 80 ss see ssplit ssplit exaEdit command 109 stat
18. 1 By specifying the parameter co11 you can determine the starting column for the inserted numbers If you specify co12 additionally you determine the column width By specifying F i11 you demand that the columns of the inserted field are filled with zeros to the left An example seb 7 8 3f 3 2 The Commands 107 results in the following content for the columns 5 to 7 008 009 010 The last remaining default to be described is N new After the current line n new lines with the desired numbers are inserted If you specify the parameter R replace instead the respective columns with the column width just as described above in the next n lines including the current line are overwritten with the desired numbers If there are not enough lines for this in the workfile you get the message End of data The largest of the newly created numbers has to fit in the field width and may not exceed 8 digits If this is violated you get the message SEQUENCE exceeds 99999999 or field width SET 7 SET If you enter SET without parameter the number of the record in the current line is internally stored With the command RETURN you can go back to the record stored The specification of the parameter effects that the record stored before is displayed in the dialogue zone A leap to the record does not happen then You may use this parameter to find out where a RETURN command would lead to If the marked record does not exist a
19. 10c20 1 6 If the line given cannot be found you get the message Target record not found Of course you can also add the two alternative numbers of affected lines cmove 500 b 8 column 9 line 000400 Please keep in mind that you cannot specify a target line that does not exist yet So if you want to move something behind the last line of the workfile you have to create that empty line first CMOVE allows for whole rectangles of the workfile to be moved to another part of the workfile CODEPAGE DOS WIN COD The representation of special characters can differ within the 32 bit versions of Windows systems With WIN exaEdit uses the representation that is commonly used by real Windows programs such as notepad With DOS exaEdit uses the representation that is usually used by DOS programs such as type The default of this switch is WIN The parameter can be used to display the state of the switch The resulting messages are DOS resp WIN If you use CODEPAGE in Unix exaEdit you will get the message CODEPAGE is only for Windows systems COMPRESS n n ALL COM Reverse command EXPAND This command compresses records by replacing appropriate sequences of spaces with tab signs A tab sign means Put spaces from here to the next tab stop between the last character to the next character The tab stops are the columns 1 9 17 25 and so on If a line contains a row of spaces with a tab stop in between them
20. 70 The Commands sss 2 ihat Guts a Bete hoes gan oh shy cd es Gon BE a 71 S21 Notation inte gos he Ged athe Le eo A o We eh AE o bk e 71 3 22 Messa deS io te B ee Yi E E ee geo pe EA ee aes 71 3 2 3 The Commandsin Detail 0 0 a a a e a a a a ee 72 E PlUS SIGM ti hae a A wed a eae yh eo 72 E MINUS SION eou 2s ad duis 58 A eee ah oe Sta ed oan tet ad ae Ge 72 UNGEPSCOPE o A hak Ge oe TE AL A ae eh eh hd es 73 amp ampersand ceo geek oe ow ao ee BY Se ea Se a es 73 GN nine oth Lo a a a ei da a ace ake 74 BACKS MA A A south a toe RA SS aoe ht ae the Cay ned a e eit 75 BOTTOM ii sae wa en a ad hed nee a tg aa ys 75 CABE r A ra A E A yh yak AN E A Ripe A A e PAE RR 75 CASE aE O E ea E AS a E 76 CGEUPY a ale E A AS A E A ai Ti AA A T GA a 76 CDELETE tind aia tite bat eth ee OG ee e La at E ee ha Se et edd a a 77 CHANGES io sive maseni rt dc o ty hed ed oy Aen duty dees ose cea Hea je 78 Table of Contents CMV Esos Galeton Seats o a A AA do A IE 80 CODEPAGE doai ree id A e a lec Rs dh a MES 81 COMPRESS 5 gh seA bg desc gi A Choe th aig Per gn aye el ance ee 81 CONCA aura a Aida Ot Sle ES ee Bac Bane ears ayes A eee ene A 82 CORE tot M ga E OR Em BOT G 83 COUNT sea pr Seats Rite Ade ane Si cn Os gee eke te eg a a aE GA Man Heat My alee ante Bin Aer TRIS 84 DELETE Sid A aves AA O Re hla A eS ia dave asada 85 DELETE a a a A a fey Mantes en ay Scale ahs Sen Se 85 DTSPEAY a ira Be doaa TEDA cd 0h Grae seine re
21. DELETEL with the minimal abbreviation DL deletes the lines you specified by indicating their line numbers Of course you may also use symbolic line numbers For example dl pn deletes the current line and the lines immediately above and immediately below the current line You may also delete lines with prefix commands At the moment the commands d and dn are valid Any line in which you type d in the number area will be deleted when you press the return key The type dn deletes n lines starting at the line with this marker You have to mind some particularities when you use the spelling with dn These special rules are explained in the section 3 1 15 3 The prefix command dd must occur in two lines If you then press the return key all records in the marked area will be deleted 3 1 17 Inserting Lines There are several possibilities to insert lines First those methods are explained that insert lines immediately after the current line In these cases you have to position the workfile appropriately in advance With the command INPUT you put exaEdit in the input mode You can see this from the character T in the status line and from the ruler between the data zone and the dialogue zone which begins in column 1 Any line you enter from now on is inserted above in the data zone First the new lines do not get a line number They only obtain a number when you leave the input mode You leave the input mode by pressing the return
22. FILE The specification of a directory name may be done in the usual way for example is a dot the name of the current directory You might receive one of the following error messages in addition to those at LOAD Directory not found That means that you specified MULTIPLE and no object with that name could be found Object is no directory This means that you specified MULTIPLE that the object exists contrasting to the message above but it is not a directory but probably a file Directory not opened That means that the directory cannot be processed despite all the previous successful checks The precise cause cannot be specified If data sets of the directory were loaded you receive the message filels loaded If the directory also contains subdirectories you will receive the message subdirectory ies skipped You also have the possibility to load only files with specified names or to exclude files with specified names The required parameters are SELECT resp EXCLUDE Both parameters have to appear prior to MULTIPLE unless MULTIPLE is used with the sub parameter string In that case the positioning of the parameters is variable If one of the two parameters is specified MULTIPLE is always assumed too How do you specify the file names The first way is to specify a workfile name This workfile then has to contain file names line by line The alternative to this is specifying a list of file names separat
23. In the section 3 1 29 Keyboard Test you find a detailed explanation on the interpretation of the messages of exaEdit LANGUAGE DEUTSCH UDEUTSCH ENGLISH LA With this command you adjust the language in which exaEdit provides messages and help texts The default setting of exaEdit for the parameter is UDEUTSCH or ENGLISH depending on the installed version UDEUTSCH means German language and usage of German umlauts and sharp s If you do not want these special characters for example because they look strange or they are not displayed at all you may switch to the circumscrip tions ae ss by using language deutsch Please note that there may be another default setting in a profile file With the parameter exaEdit displays the current language setting LOAD filename LOA Related command calling exaEdit LOAD serves to load a file from the disk into the current workfile The command LOAD is described in detail in the section 3 1 3 Loading a File LOCATE coli col2 string H 1 L Related commands RLOCATE NLOCATE RNLOCATE NRLOCATE LOCATE is used to search for character strings As parameter you specify a character string The latter is embedded in two delimiters In the general syntax above a slash is used as delimiter but any other character is possible as well In practice the special character on the lower right on the keyboard has proved to be helpful When you get used to this key as general d
24. RRs Re ch By eae ea ae AAE ee Oe a ie 85 DLAs sae Ae a Aen td Hay Senco ath SE NA qe Jb Aen dy pod ts Ray DUM Ee Sak cal IOP gina 86 DU WI eect False e PAGS Mae Sela gn le a E da AS on By hea ts gee wet he ad 86 ENDA a RA A Tarra heat GBR RS oth Mey Me MN avn ts Me oe 86 EXEC a scart wh tea gai he ey Ste Sing ys encase A E Sats te Mince sable Se 87 EXPAND 3 452 South oth An tae Bice at Bele Geen Ra A Ss ond op dh aes Rae ae Rh oe be 87 ETLES za rata da dto Gees Aimee Tak ott a hese gan man cb phic hadi od od aah Dhak howe boners HOt Ste i e 88 ELLE ui tas Sour Gs State ao id ge WSS elvan rd A AN oh waa oe hee Bad 88 HELER o ap eas tat pet a Seg lesa a harps a eared Fede hes MAO as 88 HERA O tio sina Ae Pe deb ech eS dd c Sati SecGen eng Se 89 INDENT 5 4 Sees a Mi A A toh Bat Se Meee eo edt ate ah whee Bnd 89 PNEENG DAY gt tara ob Aan pt pr ii ye Aaa Oya lye May dR howe tt Este ghd 89 EN PUT aio Seles South Ui Ad am Seca A en e et he gOS Gi wae o da ENE AL o Be a wath head 89 INSMODE 1 ch Sep ae Nina vt Peco Se O need me gags E rast ap di a A AE ana Ate gas 90 KEYBOARD A e E cea a Aiea te A ohh Ae oe 90 LANGUAGE Soccer Sok Goh woe Aad woe ge WL A wy Hee i lg OR Sete WT a a wie a 91 LOAD oro e be han ahha he og a BE WE dead Sok aa deo oa 91 TO GATS ss cis ated et yh tad ice A ee SR Hh aeRO TAT Sete NA He Made See ES 91 EWWIDTH init lt a eal a ae ae eh E rik a ae bai a Qo Foes eB O ees 93 MANUALS fo soins e ie lee ee
25. The essential difference between the F keys and the commands is that you may use the command sequence saved as X or Y within another command sequence as command X and Y again while the F keys can only be used separately You set the command storage X with the command X command sequence For example x next 2 change ab xy For the execution of this command it is sufficient to give the command X You will often wish to execute a command repeatedly To do this you only have to specify the number of repetitions behind the command x 17 executes the command sequence 17 times If a command cannot be executed for example because the end of the workfile is reached then the execution of X is aborted This would allow you to use for example the predefined X from above with X 9999 even if the workfile does not contain as many records as would be necessary at first sight With the command x you achieve that exaEdit displays the command sequence stored in X in the window This is very useful if you have defined a highly complex command sequence and you want to change it only slightly In this case you enter X change the line in the window and hit the return key By doing so you have redefined and changed X The command Y is identical with X In the definition of X you may use Y and vice versa A directly or indirectly recursive definition is recognized by exaEdit in the execution of the commands and results in one of the following two m
26. This is the same method that is used with the command COPY which also does not overwrite but inserts the copied data Source and target area may not overlap If they do you receive the message Source and target area overlap 3 2 The Commands 71 Instead of using absolute column specifications you can use relative ones if you add a leading sign to the column specification ccopy 5 10 c 15 has the same effect as the command above Until now the commands were limited to the current line As usual you can have the command applied to n following lines by specifying a number as last parameter ccopy 5 10 colu 20 7 applies the command to 7 lines If the workfile does not have sufficient lines you get the message End of data The methods described until now are executed from the current line on Alternatively you can also specify the lines you want to be affected enclosed in parentheses as first parameter ccopy 500 1200 5 10 c20 This means CCOPY will be applied to the lines 500 to 1200 wherever the current line is The line numbers specified may also be symbolic line numbers t f p n 1 b s If you specify only one line number it is assumed the second line number is equal to the first Please mind the parentheses About the last parameter of CCOPY Until now the target columns have been in the same line as the source columns were but you can also specify the target lines separately cc5 10c20 line 700 This copies t
27. Thus it is not possible to return to another workfile with RETURN The line marked by SET has the symbolic line number s which you may use effectively in all commands needing a line number 3 1 12 Positioning Positioning means the moving of the current line compare section 3 1 8 Presentation in the Window Current Line You may position the current line directly or indirectly You use indirect positioning when you either change data directly in the data zone or give a command that changes the position of the current line as a side effect If you change data directly the changed line farthest down becomes the current line after you have pressed the return key In commands that change data the last line changed becomes the current line When you delete lines the previous line becomes the current line When you insert lines the last inserted line becomes the current one The individual explanations of the commands in section 3 2 3 take account of the behaviour of the current line i e whether it is moved and if yes what the rules are There is a number of commands for direct positioning of the current line Forward i e towards the end of the file you apply one of these commands next down 54 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands all of them are identical with regard to parameters and execution The number of records by which you want to move the current line is either 1 if you do not specify a parameter or the num
28. When the external command is finished exaEdit displays the message exaEdit Press Enter when you have seen everything if the program was in the window mode before When you have pressed the key exaEdit is in the same status as before If exaEdit was in the line mode before you called the external command the message exaEdit External command ended shows the finishing of the external command Any command that can be called in the normal status of a Unix session or Windows command line is possible When you wish to continue using exaEdit while an external command is executed in Unix you add an amp at the end of the external command as usual in Unix 76 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands CASE U M L I S CA The command CASE has two different uses First the use of CASE with the parameters U M and L Normally exaEdit uses the letters you typed in the way they are small letters remain small capital letters remain capitals This corresponds to the default setting case m or case 1 m mixed 1 lower Contrasting if you change the setting in exaEdit with case u u upper all the small letters you entered will be translated to capital letters a to z no German umlauts Any line you touch by changing a character is transformed from small to capital letters As long as U is in effect a U in the status line will indicate this Now for CASE with the parameters I and S The command ca
29. a block 000300 of text 000400 Here is 000500 a block 000600 of text 000700 The meaning of the command is From the first to the last line of the workfile copy the columns 1 to 7 to the columns 9 and following of the lines 400 and following 60 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands You can find details on the three commands at their descriptions in section 3 2 3 3 1 20 The Line Mode Regarding the use of the window exaEdit offers two manners the window mode and the line mode The normal state is the window mode in which exaEdit recognizes the input from the whole window and writes into the whole window for the output In contrast to this in the line mode the window is used like a typewriter terminal where you and exaEdit can only add new lines at the end of the text you have written so far exaEdit uses the line mode only if the window mode is not possible or if you asked for the line mode with the command scope off You can go back to the window mode with the command scope on while scope alone has the same effect as the latter The line mode may be of advantage if you want to display something that does not fit into the 7 or 8 lines of the dia logue zone e g the complete output of the command HELP In such cases you can use the commands scope off help and return to the more usual window mode with scope on later Another usage is to end and restart the window mode with scope off scope on This help
30. although your working directory is d pe dok at the moment From here on it is about Unix and Windows systems both If the file name you specified in the FILE command contains spaces apostrophes or the command separator you have to include the file name in apostrophes In the example file a the file name consists in an a one space and the semicolon which is your command separator An apostrophe as part of the file name has to be spelt as two apostrophes in a row Before the workfile is actually written in the file exaEdit finds out whether the file already exists or whether it is a new file Then you receive one of the two following messages Old data set press J or Y to replace it New data set press J or Y to create it These questions are used to reduce the danger of typing errors and file names you did not want to specify If you want to continue the saving process as you specified it you only have to press the key J or Y standing for ja or yes small letters are sufficient the return key is not necessary If you press involuntarily or voluntarily another key you receive this message 3 1 Functions 43 ATTENTION Data not saved and the alarm message beeps if it exists But if you allowed the saving process to continue and everything has worked without problems you receive the message Data saved It is important to note that you will only see the latter message if you respo
31. appears now at the very left of your window since you will start writing your data in column 1 Please now enter the first line of your input for example This is the first line You have to type the sentence and then press the return key After this your window looks as follows 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 1 21 3l 4 5l 6l 7 MAIN exaEdit 02B TOP LINE 8l This is the first line 9l 101 11l 12 13 14 15 iii Di een oe ei ea A nee we Des Sa Oe lia 17 This is the first line 181_ 19 201 211 221 23 24 MAIN I 118 11 These things have changed this time e Your input is repeated in the first line of the dialogue zone in line 17 as it happened with the command INPUT before e The line you have just entered has been transferred into the workfile which can be seen from the fact that 1t appears in line 8 of the data zone e In the status line in column 73 the display of the counter of records in the workfile has jumped to 1 e The cursor is positioned in the next free line in the dialogue zone in line 18 ready for your input 22 Chapter 2 First Steps Now please enter the second line e g The second line by typing the characters and pressing the return key again This line as well is repeated in line 17 and transferred into the workfile which is mirrored by its appearing in line 8 T
32. choose e fixed column by specifying the parameter n Default is also that the line break occurs at the last blank character before the given or assumed column You may however request by specifying the parameter HARD that the line break should occur exactly at the column that is independent of word boundaries With INLENGTH the valid parameter values will be shown The default is INLENGTH AUTO SOFT INPUT string I This command has two meanings depending on whether you give parameters or not When you use INPUT without parameters the command switches from the command mode to the input mode If you want to switch back from the input mode to the command mode you have to make an empty input i e press the return key without having pressed another key except the return key When you switch on the input mode Input 90 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands is displayed in the window as an invitation to give some input This display is overridden with the next input you give The permanent display for the input mode is an I in the status line Besides the ruler slides to the left to make it possible to count the columns correctly if necessary You use the input mode to transfer new records into the workfile The new records are entered in the dialogue zone i e where you usually enter the exaEdit commands These records are inserted after the record in the current line Every line entered is repeated in the first l
33. command To apply it you have to type a line not in the input mode but in the exaEdit home position This line contains not only your data but also the number of a line in front of it In other words it is something which looks like a line in the data zone 222 text From this input exaEdit creates the corresponding line in the data zone Your choice of the line number determines the position of the new line It is up to you whether or not you write the number with leading zeros By the way it does not matter whether or not you put a space after the number 222text or 222 text Both spellings are treated as the same But in contrast to this additional spaces make a difference If the line number you have specified does already exist there will not be a new line inserted but the existing line will be overwritten Further methods to insert special lines will be described in later sections 2 12 Deleting Lines 29 2 12 Deleting Lines There are several methods to delete one or more lines The command delete n deletes n lines beginning with the current line When you leave out the specification n there will be only one line deleted the current line The command DELETE has the minimal abbreviation DE Another method to delete lines offers the command dl from to in which you have to specify for from and to the first and the last number of the lines to be deleted DL stands for delete lines The third possibility to delete l
34. definition and handling of parameter variables What parameter variables are and what you can do with them is described in section 3 1 25 The Parameter Variables The command must always contain a variable name amp alone is wrong For the parameters and you may specify an instead of a name which means that all parameter variables are meant Specifying no parameter at all is the same as specifying The specified parameter variable is shown The information you get is e The type One of the letters N L or S for the type confer to section 3 1 25 e The name of the parameter variable e The value of the parameter variable With the parameter NUMBER you define a new parameter variable for numerical values The name must consist of 1 to 8 letters Capital and small letters are distinguished Please note that the names of the pre defined standard parameter variables have a large initial letter and small letters otherwise In order to assign a value to the newly defined parameter variable you will have to recall the command amp with the parameter value The parameters STRING and LINE serve likewise the definition of parameter variables for character strings and record numbers respectively With the parameter value you assign a new value to an already existing parameter variable Such a value is either a constant suitable for the type of the variable or a certain simple expression Expressions allowed for numerical parameter
35. errno exaEdit message 38 44 subdirectories skipped exaEdit message 40 1 subdirectory skipped exaEdit message 40 symbolic specific help text 88 symbolic line numbers 30 83 86 95 t see top t symbolic line number 30 83 86 95 Target in COPY area exaEdit message 83 Target in MOVE area exaEdit message 95 Target record not found exaEdit message 77 81 te see test TERM environment variable 34 67 TERM not defined exaEdit message 34 Terminaltype is exaEdit message 34 test exaEdit command 111 There is no such command exaEdit message 72 There is no column 0 exaEdit message 72 126 There is no next record exaEdit message 72 126 There is no previous record exaEdit message 72 126 tilde 36 42 times changed exaEdit message 79 Too many symbolic links refer to itself exaEdit message 37 43 top exaEdit command 27 54 111 top line 19 35 tr see translat translat exaEdit command 111 Translation to lower case exaEdit message 111 Translation to upper case exaEdit message 111 u see up up exaEdit command 27 54 72 75 111 Upper with translation to capital letters no German umlauts exaEdit message 76 wf see workfile width parameter with the LOAD command 38 width exaEdit command 112 WIN exaEdit message 81 workfile exaEdit command 35 112 workfile 12 18 19 34 Workfile not found exaEdit message 63 83 87 Workfiles not saved exaEdit message 44 86
36. etc one or file etc one write into the following two files u fmath ppreus exaEdit etc one or etc one You may also refer to the parent directory by using the common spelling conventions In the example above you would use file abc two to write in the file u fmath ppreus abc two although your working directory is u fmath ppreus exaEdit 42 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands at the moment Finally you could also use the spelling with the tilde for the file name In the following example a the tilde stands for your HOME directory and uid stands for the HOME directory of uid In Windows systems An absolute file name begins with a backslash or a drive letter a relative one does not If you specify a relative file name it will be completed to an absolute file name by exaEdit putting the name of your current working directory in front of it If you would like to know the name of your current working directory you may use the following exaEdit command call cd or _cd This gives you the result of the DOS command cd For example If d pe dok is your current working directory the following two commands file winnt win ini or file winnt win ini will write the following two files d pe dok winnt win ini or d winnt win ini You may also refer to the parent directory by using the common spelling conventions In the example above you would use file abc two to write in the file d pe abc two
37. exaEdit is supposed to write information that could be necessary for the search for mistakes Success or failure of this task lead to the message exaEdit dmp not opened The content of the file exaEdit dmp cannot be predicted It depends on the progress of exaEdit and on the place at which the program exaEdit was aborted To save the changed workfiles exaEdit checks all workfiles on whether they were altered but not saved yet For every such a workfile a file with a certain name is opened All the records of the workfile are expected to be written in the new file Success or failure of the opening of the new file leads to the message exaEdit jjjj m tt hh mm ss wfn dsn not opened Here the following abbreviations are used jjjj for the year mm for the month tt for the day hh for the hour mm for the minute ss for the second wfn for the name of the workfile dsn for the name of the file If the records of the workfile could be saved successfully you receive the message Data saved After every the workfiles have been checked and saved to files when necessary the protocol file exaEdit dmp is closed if it was possible to open it This is indicated by the message exaEdit dmp closed 3 1 33 exaEdit Tests exaEdit contains several mechanisms which allow the person who develops exaEdit to collect information on errors These mechanisms are possibilities to test the program and they are activated or deactivated with the comman
38. file name is meant The latter is the case if there is a space in the line anywhere after the opening apostrophe which is followed by still other characters In other words If the file name which you want to enclose in apostrophes contains no spaces you may leave out the closing apostrophe Part of the name is no directory A component of the absolute file name which is not the last one was found not to be a directory but for example a file A directory cannot be edited This message appears if you tried to save in a directory instead in a file exaEdit can only handle files Directory not found You receive this message if a directory in your file name could not be found Too many symbolic links refer to itself This message appears if the operating system cannot solve the file name which contains links to other files The cause is in most cases a circular definition i e a direct or indirect link to itself 44 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands Access not allowed This message appears if you are denied access to a file because it belongs to somebody else for example access errno getcwd errno stat errno and similar messages These messages should never occur They appear if certain errors happen for which exaEdit has no special message stored If you receive one of these messages you should fix the complete message together with the circumstances of its appearance and send this information to the author
39. it can be only reached with the shift key In this case you should use another character as command separator for example the comma CMD You may save the change of the separator to your exaEdit profile file CMOVE 11 12 c1 c2 COLUMN col LINE num n CM CMOVE means column move i e it moves columns of a line It should not be confused with the command MOVE which moves lines cmove 5 column 20 moves column 5 to column 20 of the current line cmove 5 10 col 20 moves the columns 5 to 10 to the columns 20 to 25 Note that you specify only the first of the target columns since the number of columns has been set when specifying the source columns Moving works as follows The columns starting with the target column are moved to the right by the number of columns to be moved The characters to be moved are written into the gap just produced and then deleted at their original place The gap produced by this is closed again by moving to the left the characters at the right side of the gap In the example cmove 5 10 col 20 the characters to be moved can afterwards be found in columns 14 to 19 because they have been moved between the original columns 19 and 20 This is the same method that is used with the command MOVE which also does not overwrite but inserts the moved data and leaves no gap at the move source Source and target area may not overlap If they do you receive the message Source and target area overlap I
40. launch a search for lines not containing the string abc 2 The search always starts at the record after the one in the current line If a line that does not contain the specified character string is detected that line is put into the current line the visible section of the workfile is moved appropriately If exaEdit could not find a line without the character string the following message is generated Character string in all records for the the character string specified is in the output the current line remains unchanged If exaEdit has found the character string in the last record of the workfile the search continues at the first record normally The search goes on until either the character string is not found or the record from which the search started is reached again without success Above normally includes that the switch manipulated by WRAP compare explanation at the entry of WRAP is turned ON To inform you that the search has been continued at the beginning of the workfile the message 3 2 The Commands 97 Search from begin wrap is generated This message is followed either by the positioning of the current line when the string is not found in a line or by the message of failure mentioned above Contrasting if WRAP OFF is valid the search ends at the last workfile record If it was not successful i e the character string is in every line searched exaEdit generates the messages End of data Char
41. of records after the current line exaEdit writes End of data in the dialogue zone and the current line remains unchanged BACK UP n BA U The pointer to the current line is set upward in the direction of the beginning of the workfile by n records Since the current line has a fixed position in the window the text moves downward If you do not specify n the value 1 is assumed If n is larger than the number of records including the top line exaEdit writes Begin of data in the dialogue zone and the current line remains unchanged 3 2 The Commands 73 _ CALL externalcommand _ CAL The Unix or shell or DOS command externalcommand is passed on to external execution When the external command is finished exaEdit displays the message exaEdit Press Enter when you have seen everything if the program was in the window mode before When you have pressed the key exaEdit is in the same status as before If exaEdit was in the line mode before you called the external command the message exaEdit External command ended shows the finishing of the external command Any command that can be called in the normal status of a Unix session or Windows command line is possible When you wish to continue using exaEdit while an external command is executed in Unix you add an amp at the end of the external command as usual in Unix amp name NUMBER STRING LINE value amp name The command amp provides
42. of the command ZONE easier to understand we will have a look at the command SSPLIT at first ssplit abc means as you know that the current line should be split in two parts at the beginning of the character string abc Sometimes you might want that this only happens if abc occurs in column 10 but not if the string comes before column 10 The command SSPLIT offers the option to specify the desired area directly but in some cases 1t might be more appropriate to restrict both the command SSPLIT and similar commands to a certain column area The command ZONE provides this option Specifying one column in the ZONE command you restrict the operating area in such a way that it starts at the column specified and extends to the end of the record By specifying two columns you define the beginning and the end of the operation area within the record ZONE shows the current setting ZONE without parameter restores the default setting without any restriction The working area set by ZONE affects the commands CHANGE the LOCATE family SSPLIT and TRANSLAT 3 3 The Prefix Commands Prefix commands are extremely abbreviated commands which are entered in the number prefix of the line of the workfile they refer to not in the dialogue zone of exaEdit For example if you position the cursor in the number area of a workfile enter the character there and then press enter the respective prefix command is executed and doubles the line th
43. opening apostrophe Vice versa this means If the file name which you want to enclose in apostrophes does not contain spaces you may leave out the closing apostrophe Access not allowed This message occurs when you do not have the rights to access the file for example because the file belongs to somebody else A directory cannot be edited This message occurs if you specified a directory name instead of a file name exaEdit only manages to edit files also see chapter 3 1 3 5 Loading all Files of a Directory for further information about this No file and no directory This message occurs when the object you tried to load neither was a file nor a directory It cannot be edited No connection to another computer This message occurs if in networking computers the searching for a file or the check for access requires the service of another computer server and the operating system cannot get connected to this server Part of the name is no directory This message occurs when you specify a qualified file name i e several subnames that are connected with or VY resp and not every part except the last one is a directory 38 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands Too many symbolic links refer to itself This message occurs if the operating system tries to solve those parts of the file name that point to other names and the maximal number which is provided for the operating system is exceeded The most frequent rea
44. page e Keys F7 and F8 browse 1 page e Keys F10 and F11 browse 1 2 page Changing the command separator e Command CMDsep Changing the display Command HEXa to show current line in hexadecimal form Command CODepage with parameters for German special characters in Windows operating systems Command LWwidth n for manipulating the line break of long records Command SKey n to set the width of the number area Command SCope OFF ON to switch between window mode and line mode Changing the language e Command LAnguage Columns replace e Command Change e Command Replace Concatenating two records e Command CONcat Copying columns e Command CCopy Copying records 117 118 Chapter 4 e Command COpy e Prefix Command doubles the marked record Counting records e Command COUnt numi num2 e See also total number of lines in the status line Deleting a record e Prefix command d deletes the record of the marked line e Command DElete deletes the record of the current line e Command DL num1 deletes the record with the number num1 Deleting a workfile e Command WF wfname Del Deleting all records of a workfile e Command DElete All Deleting columns e Command CDelete Deleting several records Prefix command dn deletes n records starting with the record of the current line Prefix command dd deletes the area of records labelled with it Command DL num1 num2 deletes the records from num1 to num2 Doubling
45. records starting at the record of the current line Prefix command dd deletes the area of lines marked with it in preparation Command DElete nnn deletes nnn records starting with the record of the current line Command DL numi num2 deletes the records from num1 to num2 Records to be inserted e Command Input ling e Enter the Input mode command Input hit Enter twice after written a line Searching of characters or strings Command Locate to search in forward direction Command RLocate to search in reverse direction Command NLocate to search for lines that must not contain the character or string Command NRLocate or RNLocate for a reverse search for lines that must not contain the character or string Sorting all or some records e Command SORT possibly with parameters Splitting a record e Command SSplit with parameters Tabulator character to be removed e Command EXPAND expands the tab characters to spaces in the specified records Tabulator character to be set e Command COMPRESS compresses adequate sequences of spaces to tab characters in the specified records View help texts e Command Help shows all available commands e Command Help cmd gives a short help about cmd e Command MANual shows the complete exaEdit manual View manual e Command MANUAL 120 Chapter 4 exaEdit Synopsis Chapter 5 The exaEdit Messages In this chapter you find most of the messages that exaEdit can generate listed in an
46. result page 14 page 14 half 7 half 7 This means for example that pressing the key F10 which is linked to half has the same effect as giving the command 7 However there are some deviations from the equivalent treatment of the exaEdit functions and the positioning com mands in exaEdit The 1st deviation consists in the fact that when you go beyond the top line or the last data line the current line is positioned on the top line or on the last line if the exaEdit function is used In contrast to this exaEdit denies the execution of the normal positioning commands and gives the messages Begin of dataorEnd of data when you try to go beyond the data i e the position of the current line is not changed The 2nd deviation from the common pattern has only been planned so far It includes that too long records which are put in subsequent lines will be considered in future versions of exaEdit meaning the data will be displayed without omissions In contrast if the current line has to be moved with 14 by 14 records it will be moved by 14 records even if there are some data not shown between the data displayed The 3rd deviation from the pattern of positioning is that the exaEdit command 14 is independent of the window size while the exaEdit function page only results in 14 if a window with 24 or 25 lines is used This also means that the function page has different values cor
47. stop 26 44 86 101 Press key 67 91 Records counted size of workfile 39 REKEY produces too large number 101 Renumbered 51 Search from begin wrap 30 92 96 Search from end wrap 31 98 103 105 Segmentation fault 70 SEQUENCE exceeds 99999999 or field width 107 SET storage changed return to previous record 53 102 107 SET storage invalid This error message can occur with many exaEdit commands but is described only here You have used the symbolic line number s with a command such as COPY s refers to the record that has been marked with the command SET The command SET has been used in the current workfile but the record 1t referred to has been deleted in the meantime As a consequence the symbolic line number s cannot be used any more Note that some commands create the message SET storage changed return to previous record instead 126 SET storage unused This error message can occur with many exaEdit commands but is described only here You have used the symolic line number s in a command e g COPY s refers to the record that has been marked via the SET command But this command has either not yet been given in the current workfile or the complete content of the workfile has been deleted in the meantime Due to that s is not defined so you receive an error message The command RETURN can produce the same error message Sorry I don t know how to deal with your
48. stop If there are some other workfiles as well the first line of the message reads as follows instead Workfiles not saved In the window the are replaced by the names of the workfiles If you decide not to save the changes you simply press the key j or y small or capital letters and the editor immediately finishes its work In opposition to this 1f you hit any other key the execution of the command QUIT is aborted and you can go on editing as usual Please note that for answering this question it is sufficient to simply hit one key it is not necessary to press the return key REKEY base incr ON OFF REK The command REKEY restores the equidistant numbering in the number area of the workfile The default setting is REKEY 100 100 resulting in the values used when a file is loaded into the workfile As initial value base you can choose a not negative digit 0 1 2 3 as value for the difference incr you choose a positive digit 1 2 3 A difference value 0 produces the message Number O not allowed If the line numbers would become larger than 99999999 the command REKEY is rejected with the message REKEY produces too large number If you enter the command REKEY without parameters the values that were last used are taken The parameters ON and OFF are checked and displayed but they have no meaning at present With the parameter you ask exaEdit to show the current REKEY values in the windo
49. than one line in the data zone 86 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands DL DELETEL numi num2 DL Related commands DELETE and prefix command DELETE The command DELETEL its abbreviation is only DL deletes only one line 1f you specify only one parameter If you specify both parameters the records from the number num1 to the number num2 including are deleted The numbers of the record s may be specified without leading zeros Symbolic record numbers resp line numbers are allowed as well That may be for the current line previous for the line before the current line next for the line after the current line first for the first line of the workfile last for the last line of the workfile top for the top line of the workfile bottom for the last line of the workfile set for the line marked with SET nOoOcdct rHMh PO Example dl f 1 Deletes all records in the workfile and therefore is identical with DELETE ALL After the erasure the last record before the deleted records is set into the current line DOWN NEXT n DO N The pointer to the current line is moved downward to the end of the workfile by n records Since the current line has a fixed position in the window the text moves upward If you do not specify n the value 1 is assumed If n is greater than the number of records after the current line exaEdit writes End of data as a message in the dialogue zone a
50. the SET command compare the entry for SET into the current line The workfile section on the display is moved according to the change If there has not been a SET command before the RETURN command you receive the message SET storage unused and the current line does not change If the record marked by SET does not exist any more this message appears SET storage changed return to previous record and the previous record is moved into the current line It is not possible to jump from one workfile to another with RETURN because every workfile has its own SET storage 3 2 The Commands 103 RLOCATE col1 co12 string H 1 RL Related commands LOCATE also NLOCATE and RNLOCATE NRLOCATE This command serves to search for character strings backwardly As parameter you specify a character string that has to be surrounded by delimiters normally Above the slash is used as delimiter any other character is allowed In practice the special key on the lower left of the keyboard has proved helpful You only use another one if this character occurs in the character string to be searched for You may omit the delimiter at the end of the string if the rest of the command line remains empty rlocate abc launches a backwards search for the character string abc rl a b launches a backwards search for the character string a b rl abc launches a backwards search for the character string bc because a is th
51. the computer Afterwards you can make your changes which only have an effect on the copy in the main memory At the end of your exaEdit session you can write the changed version from the main memory back to the data storage medium The copy of a file in the main memory is called workfile This concept offers the advantage that mistakes which might happen during your editing the file do not automatically concern the original file On the other hand any changes are lost 1f the computer or the operating system fail and you did not save your changes before But this case will not occur too often and there are some ways to limit the damage exaEdit offers the option to have several workfiles at the same time They may contain the same file or different files But always one of these workfiles is the current one which is visible in the window and to which the commands refer 1 3 2 Window Mode and Line Mode exaEdit is a whole window editor i e it uses the whole window for its output and receives your input from nearly the whole window A typical view in a window of 24 x 80 characters looks like this 1 3 The Concepts 13 059900 j wakt gt lwwidth 060000 memcpy zeile amp lauf datn n j 060100 pz zeile 060200 for k 1 k lt j k 060300 if pz lt 32 pz gt 127 amp amp pz lt 159 060400 pz 060500 lauf gt flag 060600 060700 pz 060800 060900 pb wakt
52. the previous lesson The changes you might like to do could be e g to replace first by 1st and three by 3 To do this you only have to move the cursor with the arrow keys to the correct position in the data zone and simply overwrite the data there When you overwrite the word first with 1st you have some characters left You can delete them with the Del key compare section 2 6 Keys to Delete and Insert Characters If you had to insert one or more characters you would use the Ins key If you want the changes to reach the workfile you have to hit the return key But if it suddenly occurs to you that you actually do not like these changes you can press the Pos 1 or Home key instead of the return key The result of this is the state before you started making changes After you have pressed the return key you have no chance to undo your changes at once Of course you can do without saving your workfile but in this case you lose any other changes you might have done previously in your exaEdit session 2 9 How to Quit exaEdit This lesson directly follows the previous one in which you made some changes but did not give the command FILE to save them Please try now to end this exaEdit session with the command quit or end Since exaEdit knows that the changed workfile has not been written back onto the disk so far it tries to protect you from an ill considered step For this reason exaEdit answers wit
53. to change the default setting The expansion procedure works as follows If a tab sign is found hexadecimal value x09 it is replaced by a blank The text after the tabulator sign is moved to the next tab stop to the right the gap that might result is filled with space signs This procedure is used for all tabs of the record If some expansions have been made because of the EXPAND command exaEdit provides a message of success Expanded n times in m records by k blanks If m 1 is valid records is replaced by record If there is nothing to expand the current line remains the same Normally exaEdit moves the current line to the record that is expanded last If you set n to a number that would need exaEdit to expand records beyond the end of the file 88 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands message End of data the current line is moved to the last record of the workfile After using parameter ALL the current line remains the same no matter 1f there has been any expansion or not FILE filename FIL This command writes the content of the workfile in a file FILE is explained in detail in section 3 1 4 Saving a File FILL string FILL This command is filling up records by moving so many words from the following record into the the current record as may have place in the visible line value of LUWIDTH The same action takes place for the next record and so on Filling up always starts with the current line
54. value of EXAEDITIP begins with the character it means that there is no profile file But if the environment variable EXAEDITIP does not exist at all exaEdit uses the file exaeditip in the directory exaEdit has been called from If this file does not exist exaEdit works without the installation profile You create the private profile file on your own when you need it The file is called exaeditpp and is searched for by exaEdit in the directory from which exaEdit has been called If this file does not exist there exaEdit searches for it in your HOME directory If there is no such file either exaEdit works without a private profile exaEdit finds the home directory in Unix systems via the environment variable HOME in Windows systems via the two environment variables HOMEDRIVE and HOMEPATH The values of these you may determine as described above with the commands echo or set exaEdit first processes the installation profile and then the private one which allows you to override commands defined in the installation profile you do not like with your own corresponding commands in your private profile A useful example for an entry in the profile file is the command cmdsep which changes the command separator for the concatenation of exaEdit commands from to This change is an advantage if the character can be only produced with the help of the shift key and in opposition to this the character can be typed
55. value of LWWIDTH MANUAL name DEFAULT DELETE SET string MAN This exaEdit command serves to create change delete list and execute Unix or DOS commands to look at the exaEdit user manual With the command manual you receive a listing of all defined manual parameter sets If it was not changed or deleted in the installation profile or by yourself there is at least the parameter set that is included in exaEdit It is similar to one of the following 94 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands MAN O start iexplore exaedit de dok en MAN O konqueror exaedit de dok en g MAN O netscape exaedit de dok en Lines of the first type appear on Windows systems lines of the second type on Linux systems lines of the third type on other Unix systems The different parts have the following meaning MAN is the abbreviation of the exaEdit command word that is output to allow you to change the line and enter it as a new command O is the name of the manual parameter set Such a name may consist of one to four letters or digits marks the manual parameter set as default setting i e this set is taken if no manual name is specified when the manual command for execution or listing is called start iexplore resp netscape etc is the name of the DOS resp Unix command word that should be executed to display the exaEdit user manual online exaedit de dok en is the file that the browser commands need for this purpose amp
56. will be discussed in the following section 3 1 13 Leafing Through the File Related to positioning of a file which has been described in the section above is leafing through a file Basically it is also a kind of positioning but it partially responds to other rules You may jump a whole page or the half of a page forward or backward There are no exaEdit commands for these steps but exaEdit functions instead page half page half 3 1 Functions 55 These and others compare section 3 1 30 exaEdit functions are linked to defined keys on your keyboard when exaEdit starts or they may be linked to the F keys with the help of the command PFK When exaEdit starts the default setting is as follows function keys page F8 PgUp page F7 PgDn 1 thalf F11 half F10 Each of the functions mentioned can be linked to any F key with the command PFK compare section 3 1 23 Pro grammable Function Keys When these exaEdit functions are displayed in the window or when they are being processed the processes are converted to the corresponding exaEdit commands and respectively Since the leafing through a file is done in such a way that the last line of the previous window becomes the first line of the whole or half window when you go forward the conversion results are as follows prerequisite a window with 24 lines and thus 15 lines in the data zone function
57. without the shift key When exaEdit gets started and looks for the profile files in different ways as explained above the program stores the current situation without informing you directly the processing of the profile is supposed to happen noiseless However you can inform yourself whenever you want during the exaEdit session how the profiles work at the start of exaEdit You receive this information by calling the command profile 3 1 Functions 65 The messages exaEdit presents are supposed to explain themselves A short version of the actions exaEdit generally tries is available with the command help profilex profilex is only a help text not a command The functions of the command PROFILE are described further down Some of the preferences for exaEdit are workfile specific e g the width of the number area you set with the command SKEY You can always put such a command in a exaEdit profile so it is executed every time when exaEdit is started But if you then open an additional workfile the command SKEY works with its standard preference again To make sure the exaEdit profile is acknowledged in those cases too you can precede exaEdit command lines in the profile with Lines marked such will be evaluated just like the other lines when exaEdit is started But whenever you open a new workfile or delete a workfile completely with the command delete all all command lines in the profile beginning with an exclamation mark will be ev
58. 101 wra see wrap wrap exaEdit command 113 Wrong hex character exaEdit message 79 92 97 99 104 106 110 Wrong parameter exaEdit message 72 x exaEdit command 60 113 X is not defined exaEdit message 113 y exaEdit command 114 Index Index 135 Y is not defined exaEdit message 114 You cannot the top line exaEdit message 72 127 Z see zone zone exaEdit command 115
59. 21 131 141 151 16 E Sen ae Crater ag A Ten Om Rg GERAD S PO A RL CORP AS OA 171 18 exaEdit 191_ 20 21l 22 23 24 MAIN O 19 1 Strictly speaking you only get the inner part of the broken line box in your window In this manual there is additionally shown a frame with the numbering 1 80 on top and 1 24 on the left side in order to be able to refer to the distinctive parts of each picture In line 8 which is in the real editor window optically emphasized exa Edit identifies itself with its name in columns 10 to 16 and its version number consisting of two digits and one letter in columns 18 to 20 Behind the version number there are the words TOP LINE This means that this is the first line of the workfile The rest of the workfile is empty since you did not tell the editor a file to edit For exaEdit a workfile always consists of the top line and the actual data The top line only exists in the workfile it is never written in a file together with the data In the columns 1 to 8 of line 8 you can read the word MAIN This is the name exaEdit gave the workfile This name implies that there can be more than one workfile but you will learn more about this in one of the following sections In line 16 of the picture above there is a ruler which is intended to help you to horizontally orientate yourself in the window in the data the editor displays In line 18 of the picture there is the display of t
60. 300 and you give the command 120 qwert you insert the line 000120 qwert by doing so You would achieve the same result with 120qwert while 120 qwert results in the line 000120 qwert The number command is most effective if you do not have to type it completely but have the occasion to use something that already is there in your file Imagine you have the workfile 000100 New command CASE 000200 anything and you would like the text New command PFK to be the second line between the two other lines The most simple way to do this is to move the cursor in the data zone to the line 100 change the number there to 000150 change the word CASE in the text to PFK and enter everything with the return key No need to worry the overwritten line 100 reappears and after it the intended line 150 With this method you use two exaEdit qualities at once first the number command and second the fact that you are allowed to give input at any place in the window including the data zone Of course you have to be careful that you choose the right number If you use a number that already exists the line will be overwritten May be that is your intention but that subject does not belong any more to the section Inserting Lines If you would like to apply the number command but the intervals of the numbers are too small you can restore the 100 intervals with the command REKEY 3 1 18 Features of the Input Mode As you
61. 500 from the workfile abc behind the current line of the active workfile Another example You want the complete content of the main workfile main in a new workfile named abc The easiest solution is to use wf abc co f 1 main Please note that COPY T B copies the top line as well which will not be desirable in most cases When specifying the workfile name you have to specify the second parameter the second number even if it is identical with the first one if the workfile name might be mixed up with a symbolic line number For example co 500 a copies the record with the number 500 from the workfile a while co 500b refers to all the records in the active workfile from number 500 onward so that you have to write co500 500b if you want to copy the record 500 from the workfile b The copied records receive numbers that match with the existing numbers of the two records in which the copied ones have been inserted Since the method for the definition of the new numbers is the same for other commands it is described only once in section 3 1 31 Inserting Record Numbers COUNT numi num2 COU The command COUNT counts the number of records in the workfile The parameters mark the borders of the area in which the records should be counted The two records on the border are counted as well The record number s may be entered without leading zeros Record numbers may be symbolic ones as well for the current line previous f
62. A ct GG Bea one oe 93 MOVES cits Ae A Slew Tian te Akt We ab utes a Hay hi aoe he ie Aart wie ah e AL a 95 NEXT x a Aen OO is tae we Seren ios qee Ain yal eds ayy a ea qua OP bo pued 96 NEOGATIES 25 AA A boar see Meh ag tah a bh SUNN Sway OIE Meh the nme ee tes 96 NREUCATE 534 a Td eee as Ege Marcha TR GaP Gann gl EE O ENE Beh aa 98 PEK chsh it Br tase nt reals A AS a ok Reese AA EI AS RA oe 99 POTN eee is Say th ates Bia eM el wee Ls ak ey ve Ose A ie ta lo LA 100 A A E a heat fae ch Aen Aity dedi ad Lr AA dui Sess Genet SOR ste i sa 100 Table of Contents 4 exaEdit Synopsis 5 The exaEdit Messages Index Index 117 121 128 129 10 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Survey In this chapter you will first find some information on how to obtain exaEdit for your usage and then a summarized version of the main features of exaEdit Please note that in order to understand this chapter you should know what an editor is and how editors work in general If you do not have this knowledge yet you should skip this chapter and immediately start with the introductory chapter First Steps instead 1 1 How to Get exaEdit exaEdit is an editor which is available for many operating systems Current versions exist for the Unix operating systems AIX and Linux and for the PC operating system Windows all 32 bit versions For the systems HP UX IRIX OSF1 OS 2 and SunOS exaEdit exists only in older versions because the author of ex
63. A is used the display of the current line will change back to ASCII i e normal etc The command HEXA only changes how the data is displayed For hexadecimal editing the parameter H of the commands ALIGN CHANGE SSPLIT and those of the LOCATE family is needed INDENT n AUTO ON OFF IND This command controls the behaviour of exaEdit during automatic indenting during input mode Indenting will be switched on or off with ON or OFF The parameter n specifies indenting by n columns This means that when typing a new line the cursor will be in column n 1 If instead the parameter AUTO holds then each new line will be indented the same amount as the previous line The indenting amount memorised from the previous line by exaEdit will not be disturbed by the input of a blank line With INDENT the valid parameter values will be shown The default is INDENT AUTO ON INLENGTH n AUTO SOFT HARD INL This commands controls the behaviour of exaEdit during the automatic line break during input mode Line break means that during input in the input a record you may in this way fill the text paragraph by paragraph In the fact how many characters fit into a line a record You may find further details in the section 3 1 18 2 Automatic line break Default is breaking of lines during input mode if they would get longer than LWWIDTH columns This is the same as the specification of the parameter AUTO Yoe may however
64. After the command EXEC nothing else may appear in a command line The command lines in the file EXEC may not exceed the window width of the workfile where the command EXEC is given If you do not comply to this restriction you receive the message n EXEC line longer than window width For n exaEdit will substitute the line number and the dots will be replaced with the current window width For example you can use EXEC to save frequently needed allocations of F keys as exaEdit commands compare PFK together in a file When there is need for these allocations you can load them in a workfile called EXEC and bring them into effect in all workfiles of your exaEdit session This procedure is an alternative to the application of the exaEdit profile With EXEC all commands are executed as usual with one exception The command FILE does not have the usual safety queries like Old data set press J or Y to replace it etc Thus special care should be taken when using FILE within EXEC EXPAND n ALL EXP Reverse command COMPRESS This command expands tab signs spread among the data into spaces If you do not specify a parameter the record of the current line is changed The specification n denotes that n records beginning with the current line should be worked on If you specify ALL all records of the workfile will be changed if necessary The present setting of exaEdit assumes tabulators at columns 9 17 25 it is not possible
65. Character string in all records 96 97 98 99 105 105 Character string not found 79 92 92 103 103 Character string too long Chapter 5 The exaEdit Messages This error message can occur with many exaEdit commands but is described only here If a exaEdit command needs a string for a parameter the programming language reserves a certain amount of memory for that string If the string is too long to be contained in that memory the programming language generates an error This results in the exaEdit message string too long Since the amount of memory maximally available is large enough this does not restrict working with exaEdit CODEPAGE is only for Windows systems 81 Compress 82 Compressed n times in m records by k blanks 82 Curses Characters Escape Function 68 Data saved 23 43 70 Data set may be read only 43 Data set not opened does not exist 38 Directory not found 40 43 Directory not opened 40 DOS 81 End of data This error message can occur with many exaEdit commands but is described only here 123 This error message has two possible reasons One would be a exaEdit positioning command like DOWN that demands the current line to be positioned past the last line of the workfile In contrast to searching see the description of LOCATE it is not possible for positioning commands to continue with the first line after stepping over the last li
66. Edit responds to it in a particular way there are besides the two natural levels of change in meaning i e labels on the key on the one hand and interpretation of the key by exaEdit on the other seven 7 other levels at which the meaning of all or some keys may be altered To make sure that the keys you press have the meaning you wish you may use the command KEYBOARD with the parameter TEST However you have to mind the keys which are not handed over to exaEdit If you think that these keys should be available for exaEdit you have to turn to the person who is responsible for the operating system of your workstation Testing a key works as follows You enter the command keyboard test minimal abbreviation KEYB T Afterwards exaEdit writes this in your window Press key Then you press the key you want to test If exaEdit answers this in one line the test is finished If you do not see a reaction of exaEdit you have to hit the return key If you want to test more than one key it may be an advantage for you to abbreviate the command KEYBOARD TEST with X or Y compare the respective commands or you may define the command by means of PFK compare the corresponding section to a F key To be able to interpret the information provided by KEYBOARD TEST correctly and to be able to carry out the correc tions on the keyboard you should know the following facts In the operating system Unix normally you do not use a physical terminal but a l
67. First Steps 2 5 Upper and Lower Case Abbreviations As you have seen in the previous section you can write your data as usual in capital or small letters that reach the workfile in the same way you have typed them When you enter commands in exaEdit e g INPUT FILE END QUIT or when you give answers j y small and capital letters are interchangeable they are never distinguished by exaEdit This is of course only true for command names and operands which have a fixed meaning in exaEdit whereas operands chosen by yourself such as file names or character strings are case sensitive as a matter of course In this manual exaEdit commands are written in the text in upper case so that they are better recognizable as com mands But in the examples commands are usually written in lower case On the keyboard of course you will only type small letters You can abbreviate the very most exaEdit commands to reduce the amount of typing for example you abbreviate INPUT with I FILE with FIL END with E and QUIT with Q Later there will be some explanation on the minimal abbreviations that are possible This manual always uses the full commands in its texts to make it easier for you to understand and recall them it is quite clear what END does but what does E do In the examples newly introduced commands are fully written but later on when you are supposed to know them they are often abbreviated When you use the editor more inte
68. Its Commands End of data Instead of the number n of lines to be deleted you could also specify the parameter ALL which determines that all the specified columns are to be deleted in all lines of the workfile Instead of a number in the last parameter you can specify the area of lines for which the deletion is to be executed To do so the first parameter has to be the line numbers enclosed in parentheses You can use explicit or symbolic line numbers cd f 1200 5 10 This means that the columns 5 to 10 of all lines from the first one to the line number 1200 both lines inclusively will be deleted The specification of line numbers and of an amount of lines exclude each other If you specify only one line number within the parentheses the second number is assumed to equal the first CHANGE coli col2 old new na A D H 1111 C Related command REPLACE In the current line the character string old is replaced by the character string new The basic syntax of the CHANGE command is CHANGE old new In this formula you have to put character strings for old and new The character strings have to be embedded in delimiters which is a in this text As a delimiter you may use any character except digits or spaces In practice the special character on the lower right of your keyboard proved to be very useful You only have to choose a different delimiter 1f this character occurs in the old or new
69. The Editor exaEdit User s Manual Version 02 1 17 February 2009 Peter Preus This manual was created by means of IATRX Version 02 1 17 February 2009 Reproduction of this manual is permitted peter preus web de http exaedit de en Preface I fear this manual will have no better fate than most of the others It is read much too seldom because it is only consulted if at all when online help trying out and asking around does not lead anywhere I have chosen to use a direct form of address as well as I could so that the manual will not feel too alien to you dear reader at the few times you will turn to it This form of address is not only meant to be a stylistic element but it is also intended to indicate that while programming I was always aware of the fact that my products will be used by human beings In addition to this I hope my use of language will also encourage you to contact me concerning questions hints or suggestions about exaEdit This is rather important to me because it is a very effective way for me to improve and extend exaEdit The manual on hand consists of 5 chapters Chapter 1 Survey provides a rough survey of the editor s features and abilities leaving out the details Chapter 2 First Steps is a tutorial to learn how to use the editor It is particularly suitable for private studies because of its numerous pictures and examples In this chapter you will only find descriptions of the mos
70. You can abbreviate ALL with A WIDTH n V WIDTH With the command WIDTH you can define how the data in the file to edit should be divided in editor lines This command cannot be abbreviated The default setting of WIDTH is the value V variable that means that the editor lines correspond to the file records 1 1 In the file records are separated by a special character This character is the so called newline character n X 0A When carrying out the command LOAD the newline characters are not taken into the workfile if WIDTH V is valid which is supposed to be normal When the command FILE is executed the newline characters are added to every record of the workfile However if you specified WIDTH n the file to be read is split up into pieces of equal length the length being n Each of these pieces forms one record in the workfile The newline characters in the file are read as normal data characters When you write back onto the disk the pieces from the workfile are aligned without the addition of other characters WORKFILE wfname DELETE A11 WF With the command WORKFILE you may create workfiles activate them list or delete workfiles A workfile name consists of one to eight letters or digits and it has to start with a letter The command WORKFILE wfname generates a workfile named wfname if that workfile does not already exist Otherwise the workfile wfname is activated by entering the command above The a
71. a record e If the record is in the current line a simple COpy will suffice e Prefix command Empty line to be inserted e Compare Inserting an empty line Exchanging two records e If the current line shows the second record the command Move p will suffice Inserting an empty line Command SSplit generates an empty line before the current line Command Input generates an empty line after the current line Switch to the insert mode and enter a line that only contains an empty space Prefix command i creates an empty line below the current line Line to be deleted e Compare Deleting a record Lines to be deleted e Compare Deleting all records of a workfile e Compare Deleting several records Line to be inserted e Compare Records to be inserted exaEdit Synopsis Command DElete nnn deletes nnn records starting with the record of the current line Command SSplit n with sufficiently large n creates an empty line after the current line 119 Marking a record e Command SET Moving Columns e Command CMove Moving a record e Command Move Records to be concatenated e Command CONCAT concatenates the record of the current line with the following one Record to be deleted e Prefix command d deletes the record of the marked line e Command DElete deletes the record of the current line e Command DL numi deletes the record with the number num1 Records to be deleted Prefix command dn deletes n
72. aEdit has currently no access to those systems If you want other versions including those for operating systems not mentioned here please feel free to address yourself at any time to the author In most cases it is relatively easy to produce exaEdit for new operating systems The program number consists of a two digit version number and an update letter for example 02B If only errors are corrected in exaEdit then only the update letter will be changed in the program number If on the other side new features or function are added to exaEdit then the version number will go up and the update letter starts again from A The current program number of exaEdit is 02B All further information on downloading and installation of exaEdit you will find on the page http exaedit de 1 2 The History The editor exaEdit as it is available at present has not been designed and put into effect in one attempt but it has grown through the years The earliest precursor which I the present author know of was called XEDIT and turned up at the computing center of the university of Heidelberg in 1975 That XEDIT had nothing to do with the editors nowadays known under that name and which are more or less spread all over the world It was only a local appearance in the computing center of the university of Heidelberg in Germany The further parts of this paragraph deal also only with the situation in Heidelberg Fairly soon XEDIT had become a fullscreen edi
73. aEdit straight away you only have to hit any other key instead of J or Y As a result of this the leaving process is aborted and you find yourself in the normal exaEdit session as usual You should also note that a workfile is even regarded as changed if you have done as little change as replacing a character by itself In very rare cases and probably only in Unix systems exaEdit may write a message in the window after the exaEdit session has been finished exaEdit Escape sequences instead of keys The facts of the matter are these The information that one of the special keys e g right arrow has been pressed sometimes reaches a certain stage in the operating system in the form of a sequence of other keys So it may occur for example that the right arrow key is translated into the sequence of the three keys Esc C If they reach the operating system with very short intervals the operating system manages to translate them into the information right arrow key If the time intervals between the individual keys of the sequence are too long as it may occur in case of highly charged lines between terminal and computer the keys are passed on as separate keys which are useless for exaEdit in this form This is the reason why exaEdit has a mechanism to complete the single characters to the correct 3 1 Functions 45 sequence right arrow key All the instances where this mechanism is used are counted and the number of these events is d
74. acter string in all records Frequently it will be necessary to launch searches for the same character string more than once Then it is sufficient to enter NLOCATE without parameters the last character string that has been searched for is used automatically The commands NLOCATE RNLOCATE NRLOCATE LOCATE and RLOCATE use the same character string The character string to be searched for is the same for any workfile By default the complete record will be searched By giving two column numbers as first parameters the search is restricted to that area A record will then be found as long as the given area does not contain the search string completely If only one column number is given the search area goes from that column to the end of the record The command ZONE can also be used for column restrictions see description When both ZONE and the column number parameters are in effect the latter one precedes If NLOCATE is used a second time and then without any parameters possible column restrictions are still in effect But if a new search string is given the restrictions are no longer in effect A NLOCATE with a new column restriction after another NLOCATE will use the same search string as the first NLOCATE You can search data in hexadecimal form by giving the parameter H To this end the given character string must be written in hexadecimal form Since 1 byte is always defined by 2 hexadecimal characters exaEdit always demands that t
75. acter string is found or until the initial record of the search is reached Normally means that the switch manipulated by the command WRAP is ON To show you that the search continued at the beginning of the workfile the message Search from begin wrap is generated This message is followed by either the positioning of the workfile section when the character string is found or the negative message from above when the string is not detected Anyway if WRAP OFF is valid the search ends at the last record of the workfile If the search was not successful the messages End of data Character string not found are generated Frequently it is necessary to search for the same character string more than once In this case it is sufficient to enter LOCATE without any parameter The last character string that has been searched for is used automatically The commands LOCATE RLOCATE NLOCATE and RNLOCATE NRLOCATE use the same character string The character string to be searched for is the same for all workfiles By default the complete record will be searched By giving two column numbers as first parameters the search is restricted to that area A character string will then only be found if the given area contains it fully If only one column number is given the search area goes from that column to the end of the record The command ZONE can also be used for column restrictions see description When both ZONE and the column number param
76. ages only The exception of these rules are some messages generated by many commands Accordingly many entries in the index and the messages chapter would not be all too informative These messages are explained in the messages chapter 72 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands without page references while their index entries refer to the according page in the message chapter and to the current page Begin column larger than end column Begin of data Character string too long End of data Number too large Parameter variable no character string Parameter variable not defined Parameter variable not numerical SET storage unused SET storage invalid There is no next record There is no previous record There is no column 0 You cannot the top line And finally there are some error messages that have reasons so obvious that probably nobody would want to read the complete command description Command in error Number O not allowed Operand missing in Parameter missing There is no such command Wrong parameter Therefore their entries in the index and in the message chapter refer to the current page only 3 2 3 The Commands in Detail DOWN NEXT n DO N The pointer to the current line is set downward in the direction of the end of the workfile by n lines Since the current line has a fixed position in the window the text moves upward If you do not specify n the value 1 is assumed If n is greater than the number
77. alphabetical order Beneath the messages there are the page s that offer a more detailed description Page numbers up to 32 including refer to chapter 2 First Steps while the pages from 33 upward belong to chapter 3 The Editor and its Commands files loaded 40 subdirectories skipped 40 times changed 719 1 file loaded 40 1 subdirectory skipped 40 A directory cannot be edited 37 43 access errno 38 44 Access not allowed 37 43 ATTENTION Data not saved 26 43 Begin column larger than end column This error message can occur with many exaEdit commands but is described only here If a command needs a parameter which restricts the affected columns the left column number has to given prior to the right one Reversing this leads to the given error message Mind that the column parameters may be parameter variables Begin of data This error message can occur with many exaEdit commands but is described only here A exaEdit positioning command demands that the current line is positioned before the first line of the work file In contrast to searching see the description of RLOCATE it is not possible for positioning commands to continue with the last line after stepping over the first line of the workfile 121 122 Bus error 70 Cancelled at recursive X 61 113 Cancelled at recursive Y 61 114 Case insensitive 76 Case sensitive 76 Changes not saved 26 44 86 101
78. aluated again With the command profile and suitable parameters you can e display e execute e load into the active workfile the command lines of the profile When doing so you can specify whether you want all lines to be processed or only the ones beginning with an exclamation mark Details on how you have to use the command profile to achieve this can be found by typing help profile or at the extensive description of all exaEdit commands in section 3 2 3 As already mentioned at the appropriate places the commands of the profile file are executed before the loading of the file or when creating a new workfile But sometimes it may be an advantage to have a record of exaEdit command executed at any time This is possible not with a exaEdit profile but with the exaEdit command EXEC 3 1 27 Online Help exaEdit offers two kinds of online help first the short help texts you get with the exaEdit command help compare section 3 2 3 The Commands in Detail and second the kinds for help on the screen that display the manual at hand This section only deals with the second type of help texts The exaEdit manual is available in four different formats DVI HTML PDF Postscript If you need the manual but cannot find it ask the person who has installed exaEdit on your workstation or turn to the author of exaEdit Of course you can also find it via the homepage of exaEdit in the WWW As the entire manual does not fit into the progra
79. and call cd or _cd which both display the result of the DOS command cd Example If d pe dok is your current working directory the commands load winnt win ini or load winnt win ini will read the files d pe dok winnt win ini or d winnt win ini You may also refer to the parent directory and use the common spelling convention to achieve this In the example above you would use the command load abc two to read the file d pe abc two and be successful with this although your working directory is d pe dok From here on it is about Unix and Windows systems both If the file name contains special characters you have to apply the following rule Put the entire file name in single apostrophes replace an apostrophe within your file name by two apostrophes 3 1 Functions 37 When loading a file with the LOAD command it is important to know that loading a file is also possible for workfiles that are not empty In this case the file will be loaded behind the record of the current line In order to join two files in this way you have to load one of the two first by means of exaEdit or LOAD then you have to give the command BOTTOM and then you can load the other file with LOAD If the loading with the LOAD command was successful the name of the loaded file will be assigned to the workfile in other words the file name becomes the file name of the workfile if there has not been a file name for the workfile before Contra
80. anges 2 commands 3 prefix commands 3 1 15 1 Direct Changes This means that the characters in the data area may be changed deleted or inserted All the changes only take effect when the return key has been pressed in other words only then will the data be changed It is not possible to insert new lines or to delete lines with direct changes You need commands or prefix commands to achieve this 3 1 15 2 Commands Commands are typed in a command line commonly beneath the ruler line and serve to change the workfile examples DELETE CHANGE to change the display examples LWWIDTH SKEY to position the current line examples NEXT TOP LOCATE and many other things Commands may be entered in any line except the status line i e the lowest line but in most of the cases it is most sensible to type the commands in the line beneath the ruler This is the place on which the cursor is placed after the return key is pressed Section 3 2 provides details on the commands 3 1 15 3 Prefix Commands These are special commands which are typed in the number prefix area of a line and which only effect this line Examples are d n to delete n lines dd to delete a range of lines i to insert an empty line y to double a line Section 3 3 provides details 3 1 Functions 57 3 1 15 4 Sequence of Processing Any changes direct ones and those done with commands or prefix commands only have an effect when the return key
81. ar location if you precisely know what is written there The command locate character string starts its search from the current line and searches for the character string you have just entered If it is found the line that contains this character string becomes the current line e g locate the The character string you are looking for has to be embedded in two delimiting characters where you can leave out the end delimiter sometimes The character to delimit the string in the example above it is a can be any character except a numeral the character 2 or the command separator The following command for example would search for the character string he t delimits the beginning while the end marker is missing locate the It will be easiest for you probably when you get used to one character as delimiter of character strings I would suggest the character on the right on your keyboard in the special character field But if this character occurs within the character string itself you have to choose another delimiter for this string When the search for your character string has reached the end of your workfile the search will be continued from the beginning of the data exaEdit makes you aware of this procedure by writing the following message on your window when it passes the end of the file Search from begin wrap As an alternative you can stop the search at the end of the workfile compare
82. ard half F10 half a page backward cleft cursor to the left cright gt cursor to the right cup T cursor upward cdown cursor downward posi Posi Home restore picture after the last return The command help function shows a short help message in the usual format allowing you to find an exaEdit function without consulting the user s manual 3 1 31 Inserting Record Numbers For records that are inserted between two existing numbers exaEdit creates a new number that lies in the interval between the existing ones As mentioned in section 3 1 9 Record Numbers this serves to ensure the strict ascendancy of the record numbers Usually the interval between two records will be 100 and both record numbers will also be divisible by 100 for example 800 900 Inserting one new record will create a record with the number 820 800 820 new record 900 Further records that are inserted will receive the numbers 840 860 and 880 When even more records are inserted they will receive suitable numbers between 880 and 900 If the standard intervals are not 100 the insertion intervals also will not be 20 but an interval suitable in comparison with the standard interval In all of these cases exaEdit tries to achieve the following e Use round numbers rather than weird ones e When creating a new number choose the lower half of the existing interval instea
83. as abbreviation of string string has to consist of a valid command line with one or more com mands With the command Yn you ask exaEdit to execute Y n times Y alone executes the commands once If you want to execute Y without having it defined the error message Y is not defined occurs In string any command except Y is allowed The command X is only allowed if it does not call Y In this case the execution will be terminated at the appropriate point generating the message Cancelled at recursive Y Example y n2 c A B For example you might want to replace A with B in every second line To do so you have to call the commands n2 and c A B repeatedly Instead of repeating the commands you put them combined in Y Then you call y 100 which executes the content of Y 100 times As soon as one of the commands contained in Y terminates with a warning or an error message End of data String not found etc the execution of Y will be terminated With the command Y you ask exaEdit to write the current definition of Y in the window You may use this command for example to change the content of Y slightly You move the cursor to the output line make your changes and redefine Y by pressing the return key 3 3 The Prefix Commands 115 ZONE n m Z There are commands the result of which depends on the location of a certain character string within the line that has to be worked on To make the use
84. as too large the acceptance of white spaces i e spaces tabs line feeds page feeds end of record characters and the possibility of writing numbers using decimal points or not and using exponential format or not For the specification of the sorting fields i e the where in the SORT syntax above there are two possibilities initial column length or initial column final column The two methods may be mixed The parameters explained above A D I and N can be specified ahead of each sorting field If you want the same parameters in effect for multiple sorting fields then put these fields in parentheses and specify the parameters just once ahead of those parentheses Finally you may put one of the characters comma semicolon or slash between the field specifications in order to make them easier to read Some examples sort d sort 16 18 24 26 sort 15 d65 sort 300b 16 8 sort d 1 3 4 10 sort n 1 5 6 10 d 11 15 16 5 The last example shows the use of 4 sorting fields all of which are 5 characters in length The first two fields are sorted numerically the last two alphabetically Only the third field is sorted descendingly all others are sorted ascendingly If exaEdit has sorted successfully you receive the message Sorted 3 2 The Commands 109 Contrasting if an error occurred you get one of the following messages First number larger than second In this case in the parentheses with the line number specificat
85. ber n you specified in the command If you go too far for example when you give the command NEXT 5 while the current line is 3 lines in front of the last line you receive the error message End of data and the current line stays where it is If you want to position the current line on the last data line you use the command bottom Backward i e towards the beginning of the file you position the current line with one of these commands back up these three are all identical with regard to parameter and execution as well They work equivalently to the commands for the forward movements the only difference is that the error message reads Begin of data if you try to go beyond the file With the command top you position the current line on the top line If you want to move the current line on the first data line you may enter top next You can use the command POINT to set the current line to the record given with the command e g point 400 So you can reach the first data line very quickly with po f With the commands LOCATE and RLOCATE you have the option to go to specific data and you can also position the current line directly Compare section 3 1 14 Searching for more detail With the command RETURN you can position the current line on a record you have marked before You find more details on this subject in section 3 1 11 Setting and Going To Markers A special kind of positioning is leafing through a file which
86. ber of lines to your change command For example the following command c 5 beginning in the current line moves the data by one position to the right this change is done within five lines The old character string is empty two delimiters follow each other directly This character string occurs at the beginning of each line The new character string contains one space More about the use of the CHANGE command can be found in chapter 3 2 17 Help exaEdit includes rather condensed help texts They are very useful if you know a certain command and the function you need and if you cannot recall the precise syntax The command help minimal abbreviation H provides you with a list of all exaEdit commands The capitalized initials of the command words you find there denote the minimal abbreviations the whole help list of commands is sorted according to the abbreviations With the command 32 Chapter 2 First Steps help command you receive information about the command you specified For example the result of HELP CHANGE looks as follows help change Change coli col2 string1 string2 n A D H 1 change data stringl is searched in n lines default 1 and replaced by string2 Without string2 stringl is removed A changes all occurrences in the line D displays changed lines H interprets hexadecimal I searches case insensitive Search is restricted by ZONE or the specified colu
87. change e line commands e prefix commands Direct data change means that you move the cursor into the data zone and overwrite insert or delete characters Line commands often simply called commands are instructions to change insert and delete characters or records see above copy or change to position the current line to load and save workfiles and to apply a variety of other functions Actually you can enter line commands anywhere in your window but usually you will use the dialogue zone Prefix commands are commands to insert duplicate delete copy and move lines Prefix commands are written in the data zone in the prefix area see picture in 1 3 2 at the beginning of each line where the line number is located The main principle of feeding data in exaEdit is that anything you have typed in remains without consequences and is still changeable until you press the return key Only then will your input be processed For your input which you hand over to exaEdit by hitting the return key you are allowed to combine the three options discussed above without any restrictions although not every combination does make sense But frequently it is an advantage to enter direct changes and prefix commands simultaneously by pressing the return key only once 1 3 5 Keyboard Usage exaEdit uses the keyboard in a conservative way This implies that there are no key combinations which have to be learnt by heart in order to call certai
88. character string Abbreviations CHANGE old new is possible if you do not need one of the parameters CHANGE old is sufficient if you do not want to replace the character string but only delete it If you want to delete a character string and need one of the parameters you have to write CHANGE old CHANGE old is a further abbreviation of CHANGE old Restriction to columns Normally the character string may be at any place within a record You can restrict the possible position of the character string to certain columns with the command ZONE compare the entry for this command A restriction of the zone for the search with the CHANGE command is possible as well by specifying the columns For example CHANGE 10 20 old new only changes the character string old if it occurs between the columns 10 and 20 both inclusive In this specification the borders of the ZONE area are ignored If you specify only one column the CHANGE command will operate from this column on to the last column of the record Expansion on several lines records Without specifications changes are only done within the current line With the specification of the number of lines n for example 3 2 The Commands 79 CHANGE old new n you ask exaEdit to search for the old character string within the current line and the n 1 following lines and to do the changes there if necessary If the character string old is not found within t
89. ctive workfile is the one that is displayed in the window and that the editing commands have effect on 3 2 The Commands 113 With the command WORKFILE wfname DELETE the workfile wfname is deleted and the workfile MAIN becomes the active workfile You may abbreviate DELETE with D If you want to delete the active workfile that must not be the workfile MAIN you should enter WORKFILE DELETE With the command WORKFILE the name of the active workfile is listed With the command WORKFILE ALL the names of all workfiles areas listed You can abbreviate ALL with A WRAP ON OFF WR The command WRAP influences the behaviour of the command LOCATE and its related commands i e RLOCATE etc If WRAP OFF is valid the search for character strings ends at the last or the first record of the workfile when the search string is not found On the other hand if WRAP ON is valid which is the default setting either the search continues at the beginning of the file when the last record is reached or the search is continued at the end of the workfile when the first record is reached in reverse search With WRAP you can ask for the current setting of the WRAP switch X n string X Related command Y With the command X you can define an abbreviation for any desired sequence of commands and have them executed in a row With the command X string you define X as abbreviation of string string has to cons
90. d e If the workfile EXEC contains the command FILE the usual questions of the kind Old data set press J or Y to replace it etc do not appear You should be very careful in this case and precisely check the file names you use You can find further details at the description of the command EXEC in section 3 2 3 The Commands in Detail 3 1 25 Parameter Variables Parameters in exaEdit commands are at first constants such as 6 or abc in the commands NEXT 6 or LOCATE abc In the place of such constants you may also use variables they are called parameter variables There are three types of parameter variables e Type N numerical The value of the variable is a whole number e Type L line number The value is a line number e Type S string The value is a character string Some parameter variables are pre defined They get their value by the execution of certain commands e amp Col is of type N and is set by the commands LOCATE and RLOCATE as the variable indicates the column in which the search argument was found e amp Count is of type N and contains the result of the execution of the command COUNT e amp Line is of type L and is set by the commands of the LOCATE family The value is the line number where the search stops e amp Loc is of type S and is set by the commands of the LOCATE family The value is the search argument Besides these parameter variables which are always present you may define own variables a
91. d TEST 3 2 The Commands 71 The syntax of the command TEST is described in section 3 2 3 The Commands in Detail page 111 The meaning of the parameters is not specified because the exaEdit user cannot really utilize this command 3 2 The Commands 3 2 1 Notation In the following text the commands will be presented in detail one after the other The prefix commands are described in section 3 3 The description of a command begins with the command name in the upper left corner followed by the syntax of the command In the same line there is the minimal abbreviation of the command on the right If there are other commands with the identical syntax and the same meaning as the command to be explained the other commands are listed behind the first command and separated with a vertical line Example BACK UP n BA U This means that the command BACK is identical with the commands UP and minus sign The minimal abbreviation of BACK is BA the minimal abbreviation of UP is U and there is no abbreviation for To describe the parameters or operands of a command the following notation is used square brackets They occur before and behind parameters which may be either specified or left out In the latter case a default setting takes place which is precisely described Example BACK n means that you may either use BACK or BACK n In this case the default setting is 1 For more information compare
92. d of the middle The reason for this is the assumption that further inserted records will more likely follow and not precede the new record e Do not renumber as long as it is possible to insert new record numbers between existing ones e When renumbering is needed do not use the standard interval but a smaller one e g 20 instead of 100 or 100 instead of 500 This way not all of the following existing record numbers have to be renum bered 70 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands e If a renumbering would result in record numbers larger than the permitted maximum of 99999999 avoid this by choosing smaller intervals and choosing a lower record number as a starting point for the renumbering Thus the largest needed number will not exceed the maximum only partially realized in exaEdit version 01 3 1 32 exaEdit Errors It is very difficult to write exaEdit as any large program without errors Unfortunately one has to live with the danger of an unexpected abortion of the program To save as much as possible of the work you have done exaEdit tries to write the content of the altered workfiles in new files on the disk In particular the following things happen exaEdit leaves the window mode and performs the rest of its jobs in the line mode First there appears one of these messages exaEdit Bus error exaEdit End process exaEdit Illegal instruction exaEdit Segmentation fault Second a file exaEdit dmp is opened in which
93. d square brackets have the meaning explained in section 3 2 1 Notation In the first line on the right there is a short characterization of the command in English The rest of the lines of the output describe the commands as good as possible within a maximum of five lines This restriction has been chosen to make it possible for you to watch the current section of the workfile and the help text at the same time Of course this works only as long as you do not want to enter a command If you specify the parameter PREFIX in addition to the command name you will get the help text for the according prefix command This parameter is necessary for those commands that exist both as a command line command and as a prefix command e g Dor I The longer version of the help text is only available in the manual at hand which is also relevant in cases of doubt With the command HELP you can have some special help texts displayed in the window Formally this works in the same way as the display of help texts of commands but the parameter words are no commands e function shows all exaEdit functions compare section 3 1 30 e profilex shows information about the profile files e symbolic lists all symbolic line numbers allowed for the commands COPY DL MOVE etc 3 2 The Commands 89 HEXA HEX The first time this command is used during a exaEdit session the display of the current line will change from ASCII to hexadecimal The next time HEX
94. ded exaEdit message 40 1 subdirectory skipped exaEdit message 40 A directory cannot be edited exaEdit message 37 43 access errno exaEdit message 38 44 Access not allowed exaEdit message 37 43 al see align align exaEdit command 74 ATTENTION Data not saved exaEdit message 26 43 b see bottom b symbolic line number 30 83 86 95 ba see back back exaEdit command 27 54 72 75 111 Begin column larger than end column exaEdit message 72 121 Begin of data exaEdit message 72 99 103 105 121 bottom exaEdit command 27 54 75 Bus error exaEdit message 70 c see change ca see case cal see call call exaEdit command 73 75 Cancelled at recursive X exaEdit message 61 113 Cancelled at recursive Y exaEdit message 61 114 case exaEdit command 76 Case insensitive exaEdit message 76 Case sensitive exaEdit message 76 cc see ccopy ccopy exaEdit command 76 cd see cdelete 129 130 Index cdelete exaEdit command 77 change exaEdit command 31 78 Changes not saved exaEdit message 26 44 86 101 Character string in all records exaEdit message 96 99 105 Character string not found exaEdit message 79 92 103 Character string too long exaEdit message 72 122 cm see cmove cmd see cmdsep cmdsep exaEdit command 46 80 cmove exaEdit command 80 co see copy cod see codepage codepage exaEdit command 81 CODEPAGE is only for Windows sys
95. des 56 Sol 152s Commands aa 4 Sieve gee o eh hyped ees Ae ag tere pee Ae a evs 56 Se 15 3 Prenx Commands iaa gece aed a ed a a ee a ede ee Ge ei 56 3 1 15 4 Sequence Of Processing i 4 hel ae aia ae eA a ao gas Wa we na 57 3 116 Deleting Limes Lotina seo it ee AE a ee ARE ee eee 57 Table of Contents 7 3 2 SL Inserting MES voca do o aa a AA he a A o a 57 3 1 18 Features of the Input Mode 2 000 002 2002 ee ee 58 3 1 18 1 Automatic Indenting 0000200000200 00000 58 3 1 18 2 Automatic Line Break o ee 59 31 19 Editing Blocks ocio dai rd ti e Be Ou 59 31 20 The Dine Mode ico ot hoe a oe ee a a dh MIG ao Bo a 60 3 1 21 Programming the Editor ati pe a eA A A Ad e 60 31 22 Command Storage a be ak eA ene A A ad 60 3 1 23 Programmable Function Keys 1 2 2 00 ee ee 61 3 1 24 Command Sequences in the Workfile EXEC 2 2 ee 62 3 1 25 Parameter Variables cios darth Dee ee ee Lae OA hae be bao es 63 31226 The Prole Files x vio Jp Atak vk BAP ag a ee on Be a ee A a a 64 3 27 Online Helpa s s A RC ee oc ne nee ds 65 3 1 28 The Keyboard eos a oe ee hb ee a bw pe eee 66 31 29 Keyboard Test Vi kha sk ai a ds tate Maen ys 67 31 30 exa Edit Functions a sore 04 hon bas oe A a ee a ed MG te Goh e 68 3 1 31 Inserting Record Numbers ee 69 31 32 exa Ed 1 Errors A a hoe Ae A A eA eae ed eet 70 ILIS exa Edit Wests ott ok chit A at Se lad oN twa A a had ee aes
96. discrepancies between this chapter and other chapters or other sources of information on exaEdit should rise this chapter is relevant Please keep in mind that in the following first subchapter on dif ferent functions of exaEdit not all commands are mentioned Therefore you are strongly recommended to study the subchapter on all commands as well 3 1 Functions This chapter describes the functions exaEdit has from your point of view These functions may sometimes be realized in different ways and sometimes their realization requires different exaEdit commands 3 1 1 Starting a exaEdit Session Usually the start of an exaEdit session is the input of the line command exaedit filename The specification filename in square brackets means that you may or may not specify the name of a file If you call exaEdit with more than one parameter only the first one will be honoured and any additional parameter is ignored without further notice In the section 3 1 3 Loading a File you will find an explanation of what the parameter means in detail First exaEdit reads the profile files if one or more exist This is explicitly explained in section 3 1 26 The Profile Files Second exaEdit has to inform itself on the properties of the screen or window used and it has to activate the ways from and to the window exaEdit is a whole window editor i e exaEdit produces the data for the whole window and the other way round the editor can receive cha
97. ds the character string in every record until the first record of the workfile has been reached the search continues at the last record normally The search goes on until either the character string is found or the record from which the search started is reached without success again In the sentence above normally means that the switch manipulated by WRAP compare the entry for WRAP is turned ON To show that the search has continued at the end of the workfile exaEdit generates the message Search from end wrap This message is followed by either the positioning of the workfile section on the display or the message of failure mentioned above In contrast if WRAP OFF is valid the search ends at the first record of the workfile if the character string could not be identified If the character string is there in every record that has been checked these messages appear Begin of data Character string in all records 3 2 The Commands 99 Frequently it will be necessary to search for the same character string several times Then it is enough to enter the command NRLOCATE without parameters the last character string that has been searched for is used automatically The commands NRLOCATE RNLOCATE NLOCATE LOCATE and RLOCATE use the same character string The character string is the same for any workfile By default the complete record will be searched By giving two column numbers as first parameters the search is restricted to t
98. e Oud 31 2 18 AnImportantCommand 2 00 a a a a da a ee 32 The Editor and Its Commands 33 3A Functions eas he a a a DAS ee Pe SES Babe be a SE Ree Pe ee 33 3 1 1 Starting an exaEdit Session da daa ee 33 31 2 WMGRKEMESS saciar 34 3 1 3 Loading a Pile ua ct Ad tal taa 35 3 1 3 1 Loading in the Normal Case e 35 3 1 3 2 Loading a File via DD Names e 38 3 1 3 3 Files with Special Record Formats o e o 38 3 1 3 4 Parameters for Large FlleS o e e 39 3 1 3 5 Loading All Files of a Directory o e o 39 SA Saving a File acces ea Be A Ba a ee ee aa da 41 3 1 5 LeavingexaEdit cui en RO Be Ee Oe a eee 44 3 1 6 Structure and Input of Commands 0 00000 02 eee eee 45 3 1 7 Concatenating Commands Command Separator o o o 45 3 1 8 Presentation in the Window Current Line 2 0 0 0 000000 eee ee 46 31 97 Record Numbers eakas A See i a a 51 3 1 10 Deleting and Inserting of Characters e 52 3 1 11 Setting Of and Going To Markers 00002 eee eee 52 3 1 12 Positioning si n Seas tone She Gea th eres SS E ee eS Bs 53 3 1 13 Leafing Through the File 2 2 0 000 000 e 54 3 1 14 Searching i ko a ae Bee Eo ee da ee ae a ee Pk 55 3 1 15 Changing Data Survey 56 Seb TSL Direct Changes w uias cote dele Geog fans da Weeds ula
99. e first RLOCATE A hexadecimal reverse search can be done by giving the parameter H To this end the given character string must be written in hexadecimal form Since 1 byte is always defined by 2 hexadecimal characters exaEdit always demands that the amount of the entered hexadecimal characters is even Otherwise exaEdit will generate the error message Odd number of hex characters Entering a character that is not hexadecimal results in the error message Wrong hex character If for example the next record containing a tab sign hexadecimal 09 should be found the command locate 09 h could be used When the parameter I case insensitive is given the search for the character string will be case insensitive i e no distinction between lower and upper case characters This means that rlocate ab i will find either ab or Ab or aB or AB If you have to use the parameter I regularly the use of the command CASE is recommended CASE can force other commands to act as if the parameter I was given For further information see CASE RNLOCATE NRLOCATE coli col2 string H 1 RNL RNL Related commands NLOCATE also RLOCATE and LOCATE RNLOCATE conducts a reverse search for the nearest line not containing the character string specified As parameter you specify a character string The character string has to be put in delimiters normally Above the slash is used as delimiter any other character is allowed a
100. e hexa hexa exaEdit command 89 HOME directory 36 42 i see input i prefix command 56 115 gt I will be ignored as H is specified exaEdit message 79 ignore n parameter with the LOAD command 39 Illegal instruction exaEdit message 70 ind see indent indent exaEdit command 89 info specific help text 88 inl see inlength inlength exaEdit command 89 Input exaEdit message 21 89 input exaEdit command 20 28 89 132 ins see insmode insmode exaEdit command 90 installation profile file 15 64 keyb see keyboard keyboard exaEdit command 67 90 1 see locate 1 symbolic line number 30 83 86 95 la see language language exaEdit command 91 line mode 46 60 loa see load load exaEdit command 35 39 91 load multiple 40 locate exaEdit command 30 31 91 lw see lwwidth lwwidth exaEdit command 93 m see move MAIN workfile name 34 man see manual manual exaEdit command 93 mar see mark Messages 71 minimal abbreviation 45 Mixed lower without translation to capital letters exaEdit message 76 move exaEdit command 30 95 multiple parameter with the LOAD command 39 n see next n symbolic line number 30 83 86 95 n EXEC line longer than window width exaEdit message 87 New data set press J or Y to create it exaEdit message 23 26 42 next exaEdit command 27 54 72 86 96 nl see nlocate nlocate exaEdit command 96 No connectio
101. e initial delimiter and the final delimiter is missing rl abca would do a reverse search for the character string bc too It is important to note that the final delimiter is essential if you concatenate commands rl abc 2 does a reverse search for the string abc and executes the command 2 while rl abc 2 would search for the string abc 2 backwardly The reverse search starts at the record before the one in the current line If the character string is found the record containing it appears in the current line the workfile section displayed is moved accordingly If the character string is not found the following message appears Character string not found The are replaced by the search string and the current line remains unchanged If exaEdit could not find the character string until the first record of the workfile has been reached the reverse search continues at the last record of the workfile normally The reverse search goes on until either the character string is found or the starting record of the reverse search is reached again The word normally above means that the switch manipulated by the command WRAP compare the entry there has to be turned ON To show that the reverse search has been continued at the end of the workfile you receive the following message in the window Search from end wrap This message either is followed by the positioning of the workfile section on the display
102. e the whole window it works in the line mode which you can ask of exaEdit explicitly 1 3 3 The Current Line One of the most important features of exaEdit is the current line which follows your actions automatically The line in the middle of the data zone is called the current line which normally is optically emphasized It is the current line that commands refer to For example the command copy means copy the current line beneath the current line which results in the doubling of the current line Another example the command change abc xyz 6 means change the character string abc to xyz do this change within 6 lines starting with the current line The content of the current line is not fixed but follows your actions automatically Roughly this means that the line you have changed last will become the current line after you have pressed the return key Of course the notion of a current line exists only in your workfile 14 Chapter 1 Survey The underlying concept is the following one exaEdit assumes that you wish to start making changes on the top of your document and then work through it change by change until you have finished in the same way in which you may correct a letter for example So your last change presumably is in the centre of your interest For this reason it is positioned in the middle of your window 1 3 4 Input There are three ways to enter data in exaEdit e direct data
103. ecord will be 100 too When editing lines might be added deleted or moved The record numbers will remain strictly ascending Since the interval between record numbers is set to 100 in the beginning changes can often be handled within those intervals Whenever possible exaEdit avoids changing existing record numbers Only when inevitable exaEdit partially renumbers the records The interval between two numbers then is 20 instead of 100 Using small steps like this it s highly probable that an existing record number that can be kept is reached soon All following record numbers remain untouched exaEdit reports a renumbering with the message Renumbered If you want to renumber the records yourself you can use the command REKEY For modifying the starting number or the size of the intervals see the description of the command Usually only 6 of the actual 8 digits of the record numbers are displayed 000100 000200 etc If a file consisting of more than 10000 or more than 100000 lines is loaded 7 or 8 digits will be displayed You can control this display width by using the command SKEY and its parameters see command description 52 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands When the display width is not sufficient for showing all significant numbers the required number of leading digits will be omitted on the display The character shows this has happened e g the record number 1234500 could show as 234500 data In most case
104. ed by spaces and enclosed in parentheses An example SELECT LISTE EXCLUDE ABC XY This would load all files of a directory that are mentioned in the workfile LISTE without the two files ABC and XY You can of course use the parameters SELECT and EXCLUDE separately It is not necessary to specify full names for the file names A question mark designates any single character an asterisk designates any sequence of characters including empty sequences and of any number of characters enclosed in brackets one has to appear at the given position It is also possible to specify a range of characters within the brackets Two characters connected with a minus sign mean any character within the lexical range of the two characters If you want to use either the minus sign or the closing bracket as a specifying character within the brackets they have to appear as first or last character within the brackets You can exclude a range of characters by 3 1 Functions 41 preceding them with an exclamation mark i e the file names chosen must not have the specified characters at the given position The help text for the command LOAD that deals with EXCLUDE and SELECT is available with HELP LOADX and HELP LOADY 3 1 4 Saving a File The saving of a file does not happen automatically it requires that you give the command file filename If you do not specify a file name the contents of your workfile without the top line wi
105. een usable in the operating system AIX although it has experienced large improvements and enhancements since that time A stable version 10A was offered in March 1994 at the Computer Centre of the University of Heidelberg for usage under the operating system AIX and it was offered as public domain software as well In the following time versions for the Unix operating systems HP UX IRIX Linux OSF1 and SunOS for OS 2 and for all 32 bit Windows systems have been developed The renaming from xed to pedit was not very practical as could be seen afterwards because pedit was also a name for various editors worldwide Therefore the editor was renamed again in the year 2004 to exaEdit As the editor is connected with an internet domain name if only for the suffix de there is some hope the name will stay unambiguously for some time The current version is 02 1 3 The Concepts In this section you will learn something about the main connecting thread which led the authors of exaEdit and its precursors during the development of the editor Some other exaEdit features for which the term concept would be too much will be described in section 1 4 Additional Features 1 3 1 The workfile exaEdit is a file editor but it does not directly process the files which you may know e g from a hard disk At the beginning of each exaEdit session the data of a file are read record by record from the storage medium and then put into the main memory of
106. elimiter you will only have to use another character if the special character occurs in the character string to search for You may leave out the delimiter at the end of the character string if the rest of the command line is empty locate abc searches for the character string abc 1 a b searches for the character string a b 1 abc searches for the character string bc because a is the first delimiter and the second delimiter is missing 1 abca would search for the character string bc as well Please note that you have to use the final delimiter if you concatenate the LOCATE command with other commands 1 abc 2 92 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands searches for the string abc and then executes the command 2 while l abc 2 would search for the string abc 2 The search begins at the record after the one in the current line If the character string is found the record containing the string appears in the current line The section displayed in the workfile is moved according to the change Contrasting if the character string is not found the following message appears Character string not found In the output in the window the are replaced by the string searched for In this case the current line remains unchanged If exaEdit could not find the character string in the last record of the workfile normally the search continues at the first record either until the char
107. en the parameter I case insensitive is given the search for the character string that is to be changed will be case insensitive i e no distinction between lower and upper case characters This means that change ab 12 i will change either ab or Ab or aB or AB If you have to use the parameter I regularly the use of the command CASE is recommended CASE can force other commands to act as if the parameter I was given For further information see CASE You are not allowed to specify the commands I and H together If you do it still the parameter I will be ignored with the message gt IT will be ignored as H is specified 80 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands The command will then be executed as if only H had been given CMDSEP x CMD Usually you can enter more than one exaEdit command at once by separating them with a semicolon With the command CMDSEP you may change the separator CMDSEP x or ask for the current setting CMDSEP 7 If you only enter CMDSEP without any parameter the default setting is restored It is equivalent to the command CMD As separator you may use any character except the question mark and letters Since you will need the command separator frequently when using exaEdit the separator should be on a key that is easy to reach and you should be able to write the separator without the shift key key 4p So you are recommended not to use the semicolon if
108. erminaltype is exaEdit in line mode in the window and continues in the line mode compare section 3 1 20 The Line Mode Unfortunately at the moment it is not possible for exaEdit to recognize all TERM values that are inappropriate for the window mode So it may occur that exaEdit tries the initialization of Curses but Curses aborts exaEdit with an error message Messages of this type look as follows Sorry I don t know how to deal with your terminal Sorry I need to know a more specific terminal type than But what can you do if exaEdit switches to the line mode against your will or if one of the Sorry messages appears As a solution you could define the environment variable TERM with the Unix command export TERM where you replace the dots by the terminal type you like If you decide after you received one of the Sorry messages to continue work at least in the line mode you can enter for example export TERM NETWORK 3 1 2 Workfiles exaEdit as well as many other editors follows the common procedure which is to load a file from the data medium into the main memory to have the file changed there and eventually to write it back onto the data medium The copy of the file in the main memory is called the workfile exaEdit can have several workfiles at the same time the number of them is not restricted except of course the case that the main memory is not large enough Every workf
109. es the workfile N_e lwwidth width of the data zone 50 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands 2nd case logical windowwidth 1wwidth gt width of the data area left margin 1st character szone 1 size of the longest record eee e KX Characters in this data zone area produce visible part of subsequent lines the workfile Characters in this area are not visible data area SS lwwidth 3 1 Functions 51 3rd case logical windowwidth 1wwidth gt width of the data area left margin nth character szone n defined with n gt 1 note This case is not possible in the current version of exaEdit size of the longest record Characters in this area produce subsequent lines Data zone visible part of the workfile Characters in these areas are not visible data area szone value Nn ananasas lwwidth The same rule is valid for the subsequent lines this means that the specification of szone may change the part of these lines which is displayed and it means that characters beyond the column LWWIDTH produce subsequent lines again 3 1 9 Record Numbers All records of a workfile have a number This number is generated when the file is loaded but omitted when saving the file Several commands need the numbers to define a target or working area The record numbers run from 0 to 99999999 Normally the first record will have the number 100 and the interval between two r
110. essages Cancelled at recursive X Cancelled at recursive Y You can find further details in section 3 2 3 at the description of X or Y 3 1 23 Programmable Function Keys exaEdit allows to reserve the F keys labelled with F1 F2 for commands or functions Usually keyboards have the F keys F1 to F12 Regardless of how many such keys there are pressing any of them has to be registered as an action and sent to the program exaEdit to make them available for exaEdit Unfortunately this is not always the case You can test whether the F keys are available The keys F7 F8 F10 and F11 have to result in one of the exaEdit commands to browse half of or a full page e g 7 for F7 in a window with 24 lines The remaining F keys result in the message F key is not defined If you do not see any of these responses after pressing an F key that key is not available for exaEdit First a simple example You want to change in a workfile in every tenth line the digit 3 to a 7 For this purpose you could give the command line next 10 change 3 7 as often as you need it A facilitation for this are the command storages X and Y compare the previous section or section 3 2 3 The Commands in Detail But it is even more easy to reserve one of the F keys for the command sequence for example the key F1 To do this you have to type the line 62 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands n10 c 3 7 and press the F1 key afterwards instead of the re
111. eters are in effect the latter one precedes If LOCATE is used a second time and then without any parameters possible column restrictions are still in effect But if a new search string is given the restriction are no longer in effect A LOCATE with a new column restriction after another LOCATE will use the same search string as the first LOCATE You can search for data in hexadecimal form by giving the parameter H To this end the given character string must be written in hexadecimal form Since 1 byte is always defined by 2 hexadecimal characters exaEdit always demands that the amount of the entered hexadecimal characters is even Otherwise exaEdit will generate the error message Odd number of hex characters Entering a character that is not hexadecimal results in the error message Wrong hex character 3 2 The Commands 93 If for example the next record containing a tab sign hexadecimal 09 should be found the command locate 09 h could be used When the parameter I case insensitive is given the search for the character string will be case insensitive i e no distinction between lower and upper case characters This means that locate ab i will find either ab or Ab or aB or AB If you have to use the parameter I regularly the use of the command CASE is recommended CASE can force other commands to act as if the parameter I was given For further information see CASE LWWIDTH n LW Related co
112. ght corner again 2 4 Creating a File As it was mentioned briefly in the previous section 2 2 Some Editor Logic you can create a file by starting the editor with an empty workfile first then filling it with your data and writing the data into a new file at the end At the moment you see the empty workfile in front of you There are several methods to fill a workfile with some data but in this section you will only learn something about the input mode Initially you have to enter the command input which means that you first have to type the word input in line 19 and then press the return key As the result of this the window should look like this 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 1l 21 3l 4l 51 6 7 8 MAIN exaEdit 02B TOP LINE 9 101 11l 12 131 14 151 AE A AO E E AS E A A A A A A uO 17 input 18 Input 19 _ 201 21l 22 23 24 MAIN I 0 19 1 What has been changed compared with the previous picture 2 4 Creating a File 21 e The command you have just given is repeated at the beginning of the dialogue zone i e in line 17 e In the following line the word Input has appeared as a request for the input of data e The cursor is at he beginning on the next line 19 ready for the input of data e In the status line an I has appeared in column 15 in order to show that exaEdit is in the input mode now e The ruler
113. gs Oo G 15 142 Programmability vor eb A ay ed Aga Bee a dee aren tity ede ae a ye o ar Si 15 14 32 Profile Biles incansable i a a ee Hee de IA Se Wn Sate Bk ta 15 1 4 4 Fal Behaviour seine AS ee eee AO on ee ko A ee hg a 15 2 First Steps 17 2 1 c Prerequisites o a e A A A os ETE 17 202 For Uno Systems a AA Me DA a be Sok A Sg gles 17 2 1 2 For Windows Systems 17 2 2 Some Editor LOGIC esis orth ca haat wai AA WW Eee dened da AON de ed ae 17 2 3 For Your Orientation 18 24 Creatine Elen eon ot te SO gah Aichi pe ke Gk he Stay ee eae Bd etc lad Ge AA A gS 20 2 5 Upper and Lower Case Abbreviations ee 24 2 6 Keys to Delete and Insert Characters 2 ee 24 2 7 Editing a File That Already Exists 2 2 ee ee 25 2 8 Changine Data Directly e tio ad ee SA Gee Ba bah Bt ao ae a 26 2 9 How to Quit exaEdit lt tc kd ey See Be Sk ee es oy Ba dd i aa eee ES 26 2 10 Current Eine Positioning eiii gad foe do eI Rok ee ad eh A A ee N 27 Table of Contents 2 Inserting NAAA E oe Gan ND a de Rages Stes La eae os eae 28 2 412 Deleting Limes vere e028 aS a a ee EE Oe PS E Ew ee ee 29 2 13 Copying Limes ii te nite A Be ee A SO A ee Ba ee es 29 2 14 Moving Limes e eo ee oe ee a Be ee Be ee eS 30 2 05 Searching Data aa olan Brae ee aha E vat aun a ae Pade hig ee Bre A ak ee ae a aes 30 216 Changing Data 264 sae ba A ae ae et E A Check of OS eee a 31 ZAR Help oot Ae ee a eR a diag ot A ale i at
114. h the following hint and request Changes not saved Press J oder Y to stop When you now press any other character key please do so exaEdit will cancel the processing of the QUIT or END command put down exaEdit in the dialogue zone and wait for the commands you give next If you had in contrast to this pressed one of the keys J oder Y exaEdit would have finished its working without saving your changes 2 10 Current Line Positioning 27 2 10 Current Line Positioning As you may have noticed in the previous lesson the three lines in your file have changed their position after you have changed your text Before your changes there was the top line that is the line with MAIN exaEdit emphasized white letters on black background and positioned in the middle of the data zone Now after your changes the third line of your text takes this highlighted position The emphasized line in the data zone is called current line In exaEdit it has two special features e it is the starting point of commands which need the indication of a certain line e it is automatically readjusted Because of the first characteristic of the current line it has to be possible to move it by giving commands The next thing I would like you to do is to exercise the so called positioning of the current line please try everything I suggest below With the command top the top line becomes the current line With the command bottom
115. haracter string is the same for any workfile By default the complete record will be searched By giving two column numbers as first parameters the search is restricted to that area A record will then be found if the given character string is not or not completely contained within the area If only one column number is given the search area goes from that column to the end of the record The command ZONE can also be used for column restrictions see description When both ZONE and the column number parameters are in effect the latter one precedes If RNLOCATE is used a second time and then without any parameters possible column restrictions are still in effect But if a new search string is given the restrictions are no longer in effect A RNLOCATE with a new column restriction after another RNLOCATE will use the same search string as the first RNLOCATE You can search in hexadecimal form by giving the parameter 106 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands H To this end the given character string must be written in hexadecimal form Since 1 byte is always defined by 2 hexadecimal characters exaEdit always demands that the amount of the entered hexadecimal characters is even Otherwise exaEdit will generate the error message Odd number of hex characters Entering a character that is not hexadecimal results in the error message Wrong hex character If for example the nearest previous record not containing a tab sign hexadecimal 09 sh
116. hat area A record will then be found if the given character string is not or not completely contained within the area If only one column number is given the search area goes from that column to the end of the record The command ZONE can also be used for column restrictions see description When both ZONE and the column number parameters are in effect the latter one precedes If NRLOCATE is used a second time and then without any parameters possible column restrictions are still in effect But if a new search string is given the restrictions are no longer in effect A NRLOCATE with a new column restriction after another NRLOCATE will use the same search string as the first NRLOCATE You can search in hexadecimal form by giving the parameter H To this end the given character string must be written in hexadecimal form Since 1 byte is always defined by 2 hexadecimal characters exaEdit always demands that the amount of the entered hexadecimal characters is even Otherwise exaEdit will generate the error message Odd number of hex characters Entering a character that is not hexadecimal results in the error message Wrong hex character If for example the nearest previous record not containing a tab sign hexadecimal 09 should be found the command nrlocate 09 h could be used When the parameter I case insensitive is given the search for the character string will be case insensitive i e no distinction between lower and up
117. have seen in section 3 1 17 Inserting Lines you can switch exaEdit to the input mode and thereby insert new lines after the current line of the workfile In the input mode which you start with the command INPUT the editor has additional features which are beneficial especially for the input of text or programs 3 1 18 1 Automatic Indenting After the input of a line the cursor is positioned again for the next one The default setting of the editor is not always the first column but that column which has been the first non empty column in the line before The line before is 3 1 Functions 59 the current line when starting the input mode and it is afterwards the line put in just before during the input mode The indent column is also kept when empty lines are put in The automatic indenting is especially beneficial when entering programs You may control the indenting with the command INDENT It specifies if automatic indenting should occur or not Furthermore you can specify if the indent column should depend on the previous line as described or if it should have a fixed value More details on the syntax you can find in the corresponding part of the section 3 2 The Commands 3 1 18 2 Automatic Line Break If the input of text comprises several lines it is useful when the editor completes a filled line and starts a new one all by itself Thus you may concentrate yourself fully to the text to be entered Starting with version 02 of exaEdit t
118. he first line of the next display This is meant to provide a certain coherence when you move down a text Now in this context it only remains to explain how the automatic positioning of the current line works When you make your changes directly in the data zone compare section 2 8 the lowest line of those you have changed will become the current line after you have pressed the return key The reason for this behaviour is that exaEdit assumes that the change in the lowest line is the last change you have done and that the last change should be placed in the middle of the window in the centre of your interest The current line can also move as a result of certain commands There are predefined rules for this and these rules can differ from command to command This is the reason why these rules are explained in detail together with the explanation of each command in the next chapter 2 11 Inserting Lines There are several possibilities to do this The first solution is the input mode which you learnt to know in the section 2 4 If you would like to insert lines between the first and the second line of your data for example you have to position your workfile compare chapter 2 10 Current Line Positioning in such a way that the first line is the current line Then you put exaEdit into the input mode with the command input Anything else should be familiar to you from the section 2 4 A second method to insert lines uses the Number
119. he amount of the entered hexadecimal characters is even Otherwise exaEdit will generate the error message Odd number of hex characters Entering a character that is not hexadecimal results in the error message Wrong hex character If for example the next record not containing a tab sign hexadecimal 09 should be found the command nlocate 09 h could be used When the parameter I case insensitive is given the search for the character string will be case insensitive i e no distinction between lower and upper case characters This means that nlocate ab i can find records that contain neither ab nor Ab nor aB nor AB If you have to use the parameter I regularly the use of the command CASE is recommended CASE can force other commands to act as if the parameter I was given For further information see CASE 98 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands NRLOCATE RNLOCATE col1 co12 string H 1 NRL RNL Related commands NLOCATE also RLOCATE and LOCATE NRLOCATE searches backwardly for the nearest line not containing the character string specified reverse search As parameter you specify a character string The character string has to be put in delimiters normally Above the slash is used as delimiter any other character is allowed as well In practice the special key on the lower right on your keyboard has proved to be useful You only need a different delimiter if the character you have got used to is
120. he columns 5 to 10 of the current line to the columns 20 to 25 of line 700 As with the COLUMN specification you can precede the LINE specification with a leading sign thus making the column specification a relative one cc5 10c20 1 6 If the line given cannot be found you get the message Target record not found Of course you can also add the two alternative numbers of affected lines ccopy 500 b 8 column 9 line 000400 Please keep in mind that you cannot specify a target line that does not exist yet So if you want to copy something behind the last line of the workfile you have to create that empty line first CCOPY allows for whole rectangles of the workfile to be copied to another part of the workfile CDELETE 11 12 c1 c2 n ALL CD CDELETE means column delete i e it deletes columns of a line cdelete 5 5 deletes the column 5 of the current line cdelete 5 10 deletes columns 5 to 10 of the current line When deleting columns the characters to the right side of the deleted area are moved to the left into the now empty area Note that even if you want to delete only 1 column you have to specify both the beginning and ending column of the area to be deleted By specifying a number n as last parameter you can achieve that the columns in n lines starting with the current one are deleted If there are not enough lines in the workfile the command terminates and you receive the message 78 Chapter 3 The Editor and
121. he first line you have entered has slipped upward by one line After you have entered the third line line three you will get the following picture 1 2 3 4 5 6 il 8 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 4 5 MAIN exaEdit 02B TOP LINE 6 This is the first line 7 The second line 8 line three 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 NGL dees E A A A ee ee A E E EB 17 line three 18 _ 19 201 21l 22 23 24 MAIN I 3 18 1 Now you have entered enough and you wish to quit the input mode This happens if you press the return key without having typed another character before your last pressing the return key After this the window looks like this 2 4 Creating a File 23 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 ERAS APA SS A AA AS AAA 1l 21 3l 4l 5 MAIN exaEdit 02B TOP LINE 6 71000100 This is the first line 81000200 The second line 91000300 line three 101 11l 121 13 14 15 16 17 O A A A A A og A A et Rs 18 line three 191_ 201 211 221 231 24 MAIN 3 18 1 The character I in the status line has disappeared since exaEdit is not in the input mode any more The three lines in the workfile each received a number The next thing I assume you like to do is to write the workfile onto the disk You give rise to this by entering the command FILE You ha
122. he next record containing the character string abc e starting there go two records back 46 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands e in that record change xyz to 12 The commands that are necessary to do this look like that locate abc up 2 change xyz 12 These commands can be concatenated by writing them in one line separated with the command separator and entering them at once with Enter 1l abc 2 c xyz 12 Of course you may also write the full command words in the same manner as they are listed above One of the advantages of concatenation is that some of the actions exaEdit has to execute only have to be made once instead of three times which results in saving time Another application of command concatenation can be found in section 3 1 22 Command Storage The command separator is predefined as the character But this is not the only character possible for this purpose you may use any other character except the question mark and digits The command to change or display the character which functions as command separator is CMDSEP Please note that the command to change the command separator has to be the last command in an input line Compare section 3 2 The Commands for more information On some keyboards the character can be only reached with the Shift key For such a frequently used character which should serve the efficiency of your working this may be a bad position
123. he specified lines the current line keeps its position and you receive the message Character string not found old In opposition to this if the character string is found m times the current line moves by n lines downward consequently the data in the visible part of the window move by n lines upward and you receive the message m times changed By default the search string is only searched for once per record If the record contains the string more than once only the one furthest to the left will be changed To change all occurrences of the string you have to use the parameter A When using the parameter D display all lines that have been changed are displayed in the dialogue zone You can edit in hexadecimal form by giving the parameter H To this end the given one or two character strings must be written in hexadecimal form Since 1 byte is always defined by 2 hexadecimal characters exaEdit always demands that the amount of the entered hexadecimal characters is even Otherwise exaEdit will generate the error message Odd number of hex characters Entering a character that is not hexadecimal results in the error message Wrong hex character If for example you would like to delete all Carriage Return characters hexadecimal 0d in a file you select the top line of the workfile and enter change 0d 999 h Here the precondition would be that the file has less than 1000 lines and Od appears only once per record Wh
124. he word exaEdit which is issued as an invitation to enter commands if exaEdit has nothing else to say this will be commented on later The last line of the picture is the status line which informs you on different states and gives some other pieces of information In the status line in column 5 the name of the workfile is repeated In column 73 you can find the number of records of the workfile Since this workfile is empty there is the number 0 issued 20 Chapter 2 First Steps In columns 75 to 79 the cursor position is indicated As the cursor is in line 19 column 1 at the moment you can read the output 19 1 The lines above the ruler in this case lines 1 to 15 are called the data zone The lines between ruler and status line here lines 17 to 23 are called the dialogue zone After so much dry information you are allowed now to do something Please move the cursor with the arrow keys across the window and observe while doing this how the display in the status line changes And please note the cursor behaviour when the cursor is moved out of the window Keep in mind this behaviour and use it when you have to move the cursor while editing Since not a small amount of your work with the editor will consist of cursor movement it will be useful for the efficiency of your work to do this with a minimum of effort Now move the cursor back to its initial position so that there is 19 1 displayed at the lower ri
125. hen you are concatenating commands compare section 3 1 7 Each record of the workfile has a record number This number is determined when the file is loaded into the workfile The numbers are consecutively counted up the standard counting is 100 200 300 The lines in the data zone that contain the records from the workfile are structured as a standard as follows 11111 77778 column 12345678901234 67890 content nnnnnnfddddddd ddddd e Column 6 nnnnnn is the number area e Column 7 f is the flag field in which there are marks of certain qualities of the line details later in any normal case the field is empty e Column 8 80 dd dd is the data zone The width of the number area default 6 may be changed 0 to 8 characters the data zone adjusts its width automat ically With the values mentioned there can be records up to 73 characters displayed in the data zone But often there will be longer records than those fitting in 73 columns As long as you do not give any other specification the rests of the records will be displayed in subsequent lines You recognize these subsequent lines from the empty number area 3 1 Functions 49 000100 TEN TWENTY THIRTY FORTY SEVENTY EIGHTY NINETY HUNDRED 000200 One record that fits in one line In this example there are two records The record with the number 200 the content of which fits in one line in the window and the
126. his is the default behaviour of the editor Default are lines with the maximum length LWWIDTH LWWIDTH is the visible data width in the data zone for example 73 with an editor window of 80 columns and a number area of 6 digits As soon as 73 characters are entered exaEdit searches from left to right for the first group of blanks and adds all characters before that group to the first input line which is entered at once All characters after that group are put at the start of the next input line which will be continued with the characters entered thereafter You may control the indenting with the command INLENGTH It specifies if automatic line break should occur or not Furthermore you can specify if the line break column should be at the end of the visible line as described or if it should have a fixed value More details on the syntax you can find in the corresponding part of the section 3 2 The Commands 3 1 19 Editing Blocks exaEdit knows of three commands CCOPY CMOVE CDELETE which can copy move or delete columns CCOPY column copy Since these commands can be used on the same columns in several consecutive lines it is possible to copy move or delete rectangles of characters in a workfile with a single command If for example you have the workfile 000100 Here is 000200 a block 000300 of text 000400 you can use the command ccopy f 1 1 7 column 9 line 400 to make it look like this 000100 Here is 000200
127. iece of paper In contrast to this the perception that the section remains fixed like a window and the file is pulled behind it is definitely wrong The exaEdit command 5 for example pushes the section five records onwards this means five records downward in the direction of the end of the file The section contains an odd number of lines This implies that there is a middle line which is emphasized optically and logically This line is called current line to be more precise the line of the current record Any command which contains no line specification refers to the current line For example you use the command delete 3 delete 3 lines to delete the record of the current line and the two following records in the workfile It is true that the current line is fixed in the window but it is not on a fixed place in the workfile Every time when the workfile is changed the current line is moved to the line that was changed last after the changes are done The section of the workfile displayed is always positioned in such a way that the place which has probably just been in the centre of your interest is in the middle of the window In the explanations of each individual command notes are made whether and in which manner the current line is moved With some exercise you will know where the current line is positioned after the execution of the most of the commands Above that you will be able to use this information to your advantage w
128. ile has its own name which consists of eight letters or digits and begins with a letter The first or only workfile in a exaEdit session is called MAIN You may spell workfile names in capital or small letters which is not distinguished by the program exaEdit always displays workfile names in capital letters 3 1 Functions 35 The workfile name is displayed in the status line i e the last line on your window in columns 5 to 11 and in the top line of the workfile top line compare next paragraph The workfile does not only contain the actual data but also the so called top line You could imagine this as a fictitious 0 record which only exists to designate the beginning of your workfile The top line is displayed in the window but it does not exist in the file on the disk since it is only created when the data are loaded and it is not written when the data is saved to the data medium Some commands treat the top line as a normal data line which is not changeable however To create and delete workfiles and to switch from one workfile to another you use the command workfile There can only be one current workfile at one time which is the only visible one in the window and to which any given command refers But it is possible to copy data from one workfile to another If you prefer to see two or more workfiles at the same time you cannot do this with one single exaEdit session you need two or more windows or screens 3 1 3 Loadi
129. ine of the dialogue zone the second line of this zone is erased and the cursor takes the first position of the second line for the next input But you can make your input in any line in the window as usual in exaEdit You may apply this possibility especially to the previous line of input that has remained in the first line of the dialogue zone As long as exaEdit is in the input mode the new lines in the data zone do not yet receive numbers The line numbers are only added when the input mode is quit since only then the numbers of new lines is determined Section 3 1 31 Inserting Record Numbers describes how the numbers of new records are determined Now for the parameter use of INPUT This inserts the string you have specified as a new line after the current line INSMODE ON OFF INS This command controls the behaviour of exaEdit during insert mode see also the section 3 1 10 Deleting and Insert ing of Characters It allows switching between the ordinary insert mode INSMODE OFF and the permanent insert mode INSMODE ON The just mentioned commands may also be replaced by a single or double pressing of the Ins key which is sometimes not part of the keyboard With INSMODE you will be shown the state of the switch Default is INSMODE OFF KEYBOARD EXAEDIT ALL TEST KEYB This command has two different functions The first one is useful to change the reaction to the pressing of certain keys on the keyboard Be
130. ines allows you to type d into the number area of the line you want to be deleted 0003d0 After you have pressed the return key any line you have marked in this way is deleted You can write the label d wherever you like in the number area You can apply this method to delete several lines in a row The only thing you have to do is to type the number of lines to delete as well 0003d2 This deletes the marked line and the following one If you type the character d at the beginning of the number you have to use a space after the specification of the number of lines to delete 004300 this deletes only the marked line while the following example deletes three lines 00d3 O Additional methods to delete lines are described in other sections 2 13 Copying Lines You will frequently face the fact that you need one line twice Of course you do not need to type it in twice The command copy from to copies the lines you have specified from and to are line numbers beneath the current line If you wish to copy one line you only need to specify the number of this line If you leave out both line specifications exaEdit copies doubles the current line Besides the real line numbers exaEdit recognizes symbolic line numbers i e the current line the line above the current line previous the line beneath the current line next the first data line of your workfile first the last line of your workfile
131. ion the value of the first numerical or symbolic line number is larger than the second Number not found You specified the number of a line that does not exist There is no previous record You used the symbolic line number p although there are no records previous to the record in the current line There is no next record You used the symbolic line number n although there are no records behind the record in the current line You cannot sort the top line You included the top line in the records to sort but it cannot be sorted Begin column larger than end column You specified a sorting field with the property mentioned Sort fields overlap There is at least one column that occurs in two field specifications SSPLIT col1 co12 string E H 1 Ss With the command SSPLIT string split you can divide the record of the current line in two records The easiest application is the specification of a character string where the record is split In such a case the line is always split at the beginning of the character string specified For example if the current line has the following content and the dog watched the cat the command ssplit the makes the following two lines out of the initial one and the dog watched the cat If you want to split the line above at the second the in the text you can enter ssplit 21 the which means you restrict the area where the character string is searched ssplit coll col2
132. is given TRANSLAT will do the same as it has done in the preceding call during the current exaEdit session When starting exaEdit the behaviour of TRANSLAT is switched to U The status of the switch can be queried by using the parameter after which no other parameters may be given The possible messages exaEdit returns are Translation to upper case Translation to lower case If no further parameters are given all letters that can be translated will be translated If a number n is given as last parameter n lines will be translated beginning with the current line If there are fewer than n lines left in the file the usual message End of data will be generated If the last given parameter is ALL which can also be abbreviated then all lines of the workfile will be translated independent of the current line In this case the line pointer will stay on the current line but if a number n was given it will change to the last line that was edited All columns of the line to be changed will be translated if no other specification is given By giving the first and the last column in parentheses as first parameter the columns can be limited If you give only one number within the parentheses the translation will take place from this column to the end of the line Another way of limiting the translation area is using the command ZONE see command description As usual if both ZONE and a restriction in the TRANSLAT command are active the latte
133. is hit You may do as many changes as you like with any kind of the three classes mentioned above The sequence of processing is like this The window is checked from top to bottom for lines that have been changed A line even is regarded as changed if there only was some character replaced by itself The kind of change is concluded from the position of the line in the window from its previous and its current content A line that was changed and in which there was no part of the workfiles i e beyond the data zone or within the data zone above the first line used or beneath the last line used is always interpreted as a command For any other changed line the following rule is valid If the number area has the same content as it had before a direct change was made If an accepted prefix command is identified in the changed number area the change is recognized as a prefix command In advance to this the data area which may have been changed is treated as a direct change Contrastingly if there is no valid prefix command in the number area the whole line is treated as a command If the explanations above are too abstract for you you should carefully work through the examples in the chapter First Steps 3 1 16 Deleting Lines There are several possibilities to delete lines The command DELETE with the minimal abbreviation DE deletes the current line and possibly the following ones if you specify it compare section 3 2 3 The command
134. isplayed in the window after the actual exaEdit session has been finished If the displayed number is small you may ignore the message But if there appear larger numbers after the end of your session there might be some problem exaEdit completes any recognized sequence correctly but there might have been some cases that exaEdit did not recognize 3 1 6 Structure and Input of Commands Commands are always words or compounds taken from the English language or individual special characters The usage of words as commands is intended to enable you to recall the commands more easily The use of special characters is reduced to the minimum for the same reason there are no key combinations where you have to press two keys at once On the other hand there are abbreviations of the commands to let the amount of things to type in not become too overwhelming So you can use C for CHANGE CO for COPY DE for DELETE etc Besides you may leave out any space that is not necessary for syntactic reasons Between the admitted minimal abbreviation and the full command word any transgressive grades are allowed so that you may start working with the complete commands as a beginner and then work through to the minimal abbreviations a professional may use Example change chang chan cha ch c all these spellings are allowed for the CHANGE command Commands may have operands parameters which are normally separated from the command word and from each other by
135. ist of a valid command line with one or more com mands With the command Xn you ask exaEdit to execute X n times X alone executes the commands once If you want to execute X without having it defined the error message X is not defined occurs In string any command except X is allowed The command Y is only allowed if it does not call X In this case the execution will be terminated at the appropriate point generating the message Cancelled at recursive X Example 114 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands x n2 c A B For example you might want to replace A with B in every second line To do so you have to call the commands n2 and c A B repeatedly Instead of repeating the commands you put them combined in X Then you call x 100 which executes the content of X 100 times As soon as one of the commands contained in X terminates with a warning or an error message End of data String not found etc the execution of X will be terminated With the command X you ask exaEdit to write the current definition of X in the window You may use this command for example to change the content of X slightly You move the cursor to the output line make your changes and redefine X by pressing the return key Y n string Y Related command X With the command Y you can define an abbreviation for any desired sequence of commands and have them executed in a row With the command Y string you define Y
136. ith other user defined variables The command FILE does not yet accept DD names It is of course possible to save a file that has been loaded via load abc using file because exaEdit knows which file it is But if you try something like file abc exaEdit will create a file called abc 3 1 3 3 Files with Special Record Formats exaEdit usually operates on conventional text files consisting of records that are separated by a Linefeed character x0A or by the two characters Carriage Return x0D and Linefeed Such characters are customary but not needed for reading the file exaEdit writes them nonetheless There are other ways of formatting records especially in operating systems aside from Unix or Windows exaEdit is able to read one of those Records of a variable length which is encoded in a 2 byte field at the beginning of the record The length field itself is not included in the length count When reading such files exaEdit analyses the length field and assigns the read data to records according to the length specifications A workfile thus created can only be saved as a conventional text file see above at the moment The command 3 1 Functions 39 WIDTH is another alternative to reading data by separating via x0A For further information see the description of that com mand 3 1 3 4 Parameters for Large Files Especially when dealing with very large files it may be beneficial to load only a part of the file in
137. key Please keep in mind that you may organize the changes or supplements of the existing manual parameter sets into your private exaEdit profile file as well MOVE numi num2 M The command MOVE moves one or more records behind the record of the current line of the workfile The records to be moved are referred to by a symbolic number or the line number The record number may be specified without leading zeros Symbolic record numbers resp line numbers are for the current line previous for the line before the current line next for the line after the current line first for the first line of the workfile last for the last line of the workfile top for the top line of the workfile bottom for the last line of the workfile set for the line marked with SET VU O 4PH pwpIo If you specify only one number only this record is moved if you specify two numbers the records from the first to the second number including the borders are moved For this purpose num1 lt num2 has to be valid If that is not the case you receive the message First number larger than second If you specify a number that does not exist in your workfile you receive the message Number not found The are replaced by the number in the output Besides you have to take care that the area to be moved does not contain the target the target is the place between the current record and the following record As a conse
138. key without having typed something before As exaEdit recognizes the input of characters at any place of the window you can reduce the effort of typing things in if you wish to insert similar lines in a row For example imagine you would like to insert the two lines 58 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands 23 950320 New command CASE 22 950320 New command PFK When you have typed in the first of the two lines and transferred it into the data zone with return you find the following situation in a window with 24 lines e The first line you inserted is repeated in line 17 in the window e The cursor is at the beginning of line 18 ready for your input Instead of typing the second line completely in line 18 you move the cursor to line 17 and change it so that it looks like the second line This takes much less effort than typing in the whole second line Then you enter the input with the return key as usual Some other commands you may use to insert lines after the current line are COPY LOAD and MOVE They are explained in detail in section 3 2 3 If you do not like to insert lines after the current line you may apply the number command and insert lines immediately anywhere in the window instead From a formal point of view the number command looks like a line from the data zone number data It is interesting to note that the space between the two parts is not necessary If you have a workfile with the line numbers 100 200
139. l be completed to an absolute file name by putting the current directory in front of your relative specification If you want to find out the name of your current working directory you may use the exaEdit command call pwd or _pwd which both display the result of the Unix command pwd pathname of the working directory Example If u fmath ppreus exaEdit 36 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands 1s your current working directory the commands load etc one or load etc one will read the files u fmath ppreus exaEdit etc one or etc one You may also want to refer to the parent directory and use the common spelling convention to achieve this In the example above you would use the command load abc two to read the file u fmath ppreus abc two and be successful with this although your current working directory is u fmath ppreus exaEdit Additionally you may also use the spelling with the tilde for file names In the next example lists the tilde stands for your HOME directory in the following example uid uid stands for the HOME directory of wid In Windows systems The absolute file name begins with a backslash or drive letter the relative one does not If you specify a relative file name it will be completed to an absolute file name by putting the current directory in front of your relative specification If you want to find out the name of your current working directory you may use the exaEdit comm
140. ll be written in the file your workfile is assigned to You find the name of the respective file in the status line from column 19 onwards or in the top line after the words TOP LINE If the file name corresponding to your workfile is longer than 41 characters there will be only its beginning displayed in the status line In this case you may have to look it up in the top line to be able to read the full name of the file If there is no file name assigned to your workfile you receive this message Parameter missing Contrasting if you specify a file name in the FILE command the workfile will be written in this file If the file assigned to your workfile has a different name it will not be changed The file name both the one that is assigned to the workfile and the one you specified in the FILE command could be either an absolute or a relative file name Now we have to differentiate between Unix and Windows systems In Unix systems An absolute file name begins with a slash a relative one does not If you specify a relative file name 1t will be completed by exaEdit putting your current working directory in front of it If you would like to know the name of your current working directory you may use the following exaEdit command call pwd or _pwd This gives you the result of the Unix command pwd pathname of the working directory For example If u fmath ppreus exaEdit is your current working directory the following two commands file
141. m exa Edit it is a separate file which does not necessarily have to be available on a workstation containing exaEdit This may occur for example when it was forgotten to put the manual file in an adequate directory Another problem results from the fact that looking at the manual on the screen needs 66 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands other programs which do not belong to exaEdit and which are not available on every workstation In addition to this these other programs need different kinds of representation of the manual exaEdit has the command manual for looking at the user manual on the screen and uses an external program a set of parameters optionally and a file to do this After you entered the command the program together with the parameters is unleashed on the file Since as already mentioned different programs files and parameters are possible exaEdit affixes names to sets containing items that go together exaEdit always has one such manual set predefined When using it you will get the exaEdit manual that is available in the WWW After certain types of installation a second manual set is made available This is then linked to a local copy of the manual You can always change or extend the ways how the manuals are called either in a running exaEdit session or in the exaEdit profile file The command manual gives a list of all current manual sets Detailed further information can be found at the descrip
142. mmand SZONE LWWIDTH logical window width determines the logical window width i e the maximal line width that would be displayed if the physical window was wide enough All the records that are longer than LWWIDTH are presented in subsequent lines A record with 200 bytes would take four lines if LWWIDTH had the value 60 The last line would then contain the last 20 bytes of the record If you want to avoid subsequent lines in your window you can make the rests of the records disappear on the right by applying LWWIDTH properly The default setting of LWWIDTH is chosen in such a way that all the data of the workfile are visible in the window or become visible when you leaf through the file As a consequence subsequent lines are used if necessary The default value of LWWIDTH depends on the physical window width and the value of SKEY see the description of the command SKEY lwwidth physical window width skey 1 If you change the value of SKEY LWWIDTH adjusts to it automatically so that the entire window width is used A window with a physical width of 80 and SKEY 6 has for LWWIDTH the value 73 with SKEY 0 the value of LWWIDTH is 79 If you enter the command LWWIDTH without parameters the default value of LWWIDTH regarding the current value of SKEY is adopted For example a physical window width of 80 and SKEY 0 combined with the command LWWIDTH alone result in a value of 79 The parameter displays the current
143. mns which come first This information is structured as follows In the first line there is the syntax on the left and a very brief characterization of the function of the command on the right Beneath there is an explanation of the function and the parameters For the syntax square brackets are used to mark specifications that can be left out Please try to get used to this manner of representing information and look at the help texts of some commands you have learnt to know so far Usually the full exaEdit user manual can be read on screen via WWW Browser by using the command MANUAL 2 18 An Important Command Please pardon my misleading you a bit There are no important or unimportant commands In this chapter First Steps I have tried to show you anything you need if exaEdit should become a useful instrument for you But it is important to note that the things you have learnt will not be enough for a number of special applications and particularly for a highly efficient usage of the editor So there is no other choice for you but to read through the following chapter The Editor and its Commands at least once patiently and with concentration This should enable you to remember the things you have read and find them again if you need them Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands This chapter contains a complete and comprehensive description of any feature of the editor In any case of doubt or whenever the impression of
144. n functions of the editor Actually you have to keep the commands in mind as well but this should be easier for you since the commands consist of simple words taken from the English vocabulary see section 3 2 Commands as well For reasonable usage of exaEdit you will need besides the character keys including those modified with Alt etc and the return key the following keys as well e the cursor moving keys T e the delete key DEL Entf A or the backspace key e the insert key INS Einfg 4 or an exaEdit function In many cases you will need the keys F1 to F12 and the Pos1 key Home for comfortable usage but those keys are not essential If you wish so you can define the F keys with the functions of the delete insert and cursor keys among others exaEdit recognizes additional keys as well 1 4 Additional Features 15 1 3 6 Command Syntax Line commands in exaEdit look like this command parameter parameter The commands and the parameters with fixed values usually are taken from English vocabulary so that you can keep them in mind easily You may abbreviate exaEdit commands as you like starting at the right end of the word as long as the command remains unambiguous Note that there are predefined minimal abbreviations for the commands For example the minimal abbreviation of copy is co while the abbreviation of change can be as short as c for change is in general used more frequently than copy
145. n to another computer exaEdit message 37 43 No file and no directory exaEdit message 37 43 No Home directory found for exaEdit message 43 nrl see nrlocate nrlocate exaEdit command 98 104 Number not found exaEdit message 83 95 100 109 Number O not allowed exaEdit message 72 Number command exaEdit command 28 Number too large exaEdit message 72 124 Object is no directory exaEdit message 40 Odd number of hex characters exaEdit message 79 92 97 99 104 106 110 Old data set press J or Y to replace it exaEdit message 23 42 63 Operand missing in exaEdit message 72 p symbolic line number 30 83 86 95 Parameter missing exaEdit message 72 Parameter variable no character string exaEdit message 72 125 Parameter variable not defined exaEdit message 72 125 Index Index Parameter variable not numerical exaEdit message 72 125 parameter variables 63 Part of the name is no directory exaEdit message 37 43 pf see pfk pfk exaEdit command 99 po see point point exaEdit command 100 prefix commands 56 115 Press Enter when you have seen everything exaEdit message 73 75 Press J or Y to stop exaEdit message 26 44 86 101 Press key exaEdit message 67 91 pro see profile profile exaEdit command 100 Profile File 64 profilex specific help text 88 Programming the Editor 60 q see quit quie see quiet quit exaEdit command 23 26 86 101 r
146. nd the current line remains unchanged END QUIT E Q The command END finishes the editor In advance to the finishing it is checked whether you made changes in the existing workfiles If this is the case you are informed about it and you have a chance to continue the exaEdit session to save the changed workfiles onto a data medium If there is only the workfile MAIN in the exaEdit session you receive the message Changes not saved Press J or Y to stop In line mode the second line is Enter J or Y to stop If there are other workfiles as well the message reads instead Workfiles not saved Instead of the the workfiles concerned will be listed 3 2 The Commands 87 If you decide not to save the changes you press the key j or y small letters or caps and the editor is stopped immediately Contrasting if you press any other key the processing of the command END stops and you can go on editing as usual Please note that it is sufficient to press a key to answer the question whether you want to leave the editor It is not necessary to press the return key afterwards EXEC EX The command EXEC requires that a workfile called EXEC exists This workfile must contain exaEdit commands only If the command EXEC is called the exaEdit commands from the workfile EXEC are executed in the workfile where the command EXEC was called If the workfile EXEC does not exist you receive the message Workfile not found
147. nd to the request press J or Y with either the J or the Y key without pressing the return key afterwards When you save a workfile you may receive one of the following error messages Data set may be read only The access rights for the file to write in are such that only read is possible File not found This message appears 1f exaEdit cannot find the file in question Maybe you made a typing error or the file is in another directory File system may be read only The access setting for the directory to write in says that you only have admission to read No Home directory found for This message appears when you have used uid see above and the operating system cannot find a home directory for uid No file and no directory This message appears 1f the object you wanted to save into is neither a file nor a directory It cannot be edited No connection to another computer In order to find out whether you have access to the file you specified the operating system has to ask for access at a computer different from the one you are just working at But if the other computer or the connection to it do not work properly you receive the message cited above It is highly probable then that you cannot read or write any file at the moment Ending missing This message occurs if a file name in the FILE command begins with an apostrophe but exaEdit cannot find the corresponding closing apostrophe and so exaEdit does not know which
148. ne of the workfile The second possible reason would be a command that tries to obtain data from behind the last line of the workfile during its execution This could for example happen when you use the command CHANGE together with the parameter n End process 70 Ending missing 37 43 Enter J or Y to stop 44 86 101 End of data 92 97 111 Escape sequences instead of keys 44 exaEdit dmp not opened 70 exaEdit dmp closed 70 exaEdit jjjj m tt hh mm ss wfn dsn not opened 70 exaEdit in line mode 34 exaEdit Bus error 70 exaEdit End process 70 exaEdit Escape sequences instead of keys 44 exaEdit External command ended 73 75 exaEdit Illegal instruction 70 exaEdit Press Enter when you have seen everything 73 75 exaEdit Segmentation fault 70 n EXEC line longer than window width 87 Expanded n times in m records by k blanks 87 124 External command ended 73 75 F key is not defined 61 F key now defined 62 File not found 37 43 File system may be read only 43 First number larger than second 83 95 109 getcwd errno 38 44 gt IT will be ignored as H is specified 79 Illegal instruction 70 Input 21 89 Mixed lower without translation to capital letters 76 n EXEC line longer than window width 87 New data set press J or Y to create it 23 26 42 No connection to another computer 37 43 N
149. ng a File 3 1 3 1 Loading in the Normal Case This section describes the usual routine to get a file into the exaEdit workfile The following sections deal with possible special cases There are two different ways to load a file which means to read from the data medium and bring the file into the workfile The first method is to specify a file name when calling exaEdit exaedit file If the file name contains special characters you have to make special arrangements for example put the name in quotation marks But this does not help in every case How you actually have to deal with this problem is for Unix determined by your user interface shell or has to be looked up for Windows If the loading was successful the file name is assigned to the workfile which means that it appears in the top line and in the status line As a result of this when the command FILE is given without the specification of a file name the workfile will be written in the file with this name The second method to load a file is to use the command LOAD with a file name during a running exaEdit session load file The file name either the one which is assigned to the workfile or the one you specified in the LOAD command can be an absolute or a relative file name Now we have to differentiate between Unix and Windows systems In Unix systems The absolute file name begins with a slash the relative one does not If you specify a relative file name it wil
150. nges from anywhere in the window In order to fulfill the whole window function exaEdit uses a complement of the operating system which is called Curses This stands for a collection of program functions which can be used to begin perform and end the usage of the whole window Since you will prefer in normal cases the whole window option exaEdit tests at this stage whether you can use the whole window or not If this is the case Curses is initialized The remainder of this section refers to Unix systems only The first prerequisite is the availability of the environment variable 33 34 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands TERM Environment variables are provided by the operating system You can ask for a list of them with the Unix command set If TERM does not exist against any expectation exaEdit displays the following two messages TERM not defined exaEdit in line mode in the window The first message explains itself the second one means that exaEdit cannot work in the whole window mode i e the initialization of Curses is not possible but only line by line More detailed information on the line mode is available in 3 1 20 The Line Mode If the environment variable TERM exists exaEdit checks the value of the parameter and whether it is appropriate for the window mode At the moment TERM NETWORK and TERM 1BM3278 x with any x value are recognized as inappropriate In this case exaEdit displays those two messages T
151. nsively you will learn the minimal abbreviations by heart since it will help you to save a lot of time 2 6 Keys to Delete and Insert Characters When you are typing mistakes can happen easily You can correct them early and easily if you have not yet pressed the return key with which you finish your input in exaEdit If you have typed Thisz is the for example you move the cursor back to the superfluous character and press the Del key which should be on your keyboard Sometimes it is labelled with Entf or with something else An alternative to this procedure offers the backspace key It is above the return key and it has an arrow pointing to the left on it please do not mix it up with the cursor to the left key that looks very similar to the backspace key The backspace key deletes the character on the left of the cursor Anything on the right of that character moves to the left by one position For comparison the Del key deletes the character on the cursor position while the backspace key deletes the character before in both cases anything on the right moves to the left by one position But if you have typed Thi is the and forgotten the s as you can see you move the cursor back to the place where you have to insert the character i e the space after Thi and press the Ins key that should be on your keyboard and which is sometimes labelled with Einfg or something else Finally you press
152. nstead of using absolute column specifications you can use relative ones if you add a leading sign to the column specification cmove 5 10 c 15 has the same effect as the command above Until now the commands were limited to the current line As usual you can have the command applied to n following lines by specifying a number as last parameter cmove 5 10 colu 20 7 applies the command to 7 lines If the workfile does not have sufficient lines you get the message End of data 3 2 The Commands 81 The methods described until now are executed from the current line on Alternatively you can also specify the lines you want to be affected enclosed in parentheses as first parameter cmove 500 1200 5 10 c20 This means CMOVE will be applied to the lines 500 to 1200 wherever the current line is The line numbers specified may also be symbolic line numbers t f p n 1 b s If you specify only one line number it is assumed the second line number is equal to the first Please mind the parentheses About the last parameter of CMOVE Until now the target columns have been in the same line as the source columns were but you can also specify the target columns in other lines cm5 10c20 line 700 This moves the columns 5 to 10 of the current line to the columns 20 to 25 of line 700 As with the COLUMN specification you can precede the LINE specification with a leading sign thus making the line specification a relative one cm5
153. ny more you receive the message SET storage changed return to previous record and the record previous to the one in the SET storage of the current workfile is displayed After having marked a record with the SET command you can refer to that record using the symbolic line number s This works with all commands that use symbolic line numbers e g COPY COUNT DL MOVE POINT SORT etc SKEY n SK The command SKEY n determines that the number area on the window should be n digits wide The default setting is 6 the minimum is 0 the maximun is 8 With SKEY 7 you receive the value of the current SKEY setting SKEY is equivalent to SKEY 6 Please note that a change of the SKEY value also a change to the same value causes a change of the LWWIDTH value compare the entry for LWWIDTH 108 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands SORT line1 line2 A D 1 N where A D 1 N where SORT With the command SORT you can sort records You cannot abbreviate this command thus you cannot type it by mistake normally this would be irreparable If the specification line1 line2 is missing the entire workfile is sorted With the specification of linel line2 you can restrict the sorting to a part of the records The numbers may be record numbers with or without leading zeros or the specification may be of a symbolic line number as described at the entry of the command COPY The first number must no
154. o 23 contain the dialogue zone Line 24 is the status line in which the so called workfile name MAIN is displayed the name of the file currently worked on file on the very right border the number of records of the workfile 3 and the line and column number of the current cursor position 19 1 The following considerations require that each record in the workfile takes only one line in the data zone if the record is visible there It does not have to be like that necessarily as you will see later but this requirement is useful here since it allows us to use the terms line and record interchangeably Line 7 contains as record number zero so to speak an additional record of the workfile with the workfile name MAIN the name of the editor exaEdit the version number of exaEdit 02B the identification TOP LINE and the name of the file currently worked on file The top line is generated when a file is loaded into a workfile and it is eliminated when the workfile is written into a file If a file has more records than the number of records that would fit into the window which is normal exaEdit only displays a certain section in the window 48 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands Section displayed File by exaEdit This section moves over the file according to the exaEdit commands used Please try to keep this image in mind The section moves over the file as a reading magnifier moves over a p
155. o file and no directory 37 43 No Home directory found for 43 Number not found 83 95 100 109 Number too large Chapter 5 The exaEdit Messages This error message can occur with many exaEdit commands but is described only here You have used a parameter variable for a string parameter but the parameter variable used was defined for line numbers and not for strings Object is no directory 40 Odd number of hex characters 79 92 97 99 104 106 110 Old data set press J or Y to replace it 23 42 63 125 Parameter variable no character string This error message can occur with many exaEdit commands but is described only here You have used a parameter variable for a string parameter but the parameter variable used was defined for line numbers and not for strings Parameter variable not defined This error message can occur with many exaEdit commands but is described only here Parameter variables that are not included in exaEdit by default have to be defined via the command amp before use Parameter variable not numerical This error message can occur with many exaEdit commands but is described only here You have used a parameter variable for a number parameter column line etc but the used parameter variable was defined for a character string and not for numbers Part of the name is no directory 37 43 Press Enter when you have seen everything 73 75 Press J or Y to
156. of exaEdit Finally it may be interesting for you to know that in writing the workfiles back onto the disk any space at the end of each record including the last one is taken away and a newline character n x0a is added there 3 1 5 Leaving exaEdit You leave exaEdit either with the command QUIT or END The two commands are equivalent To save you from leaving exaEdit involuntarily exaEdit checks whether there are some workfiles left which have been changed but not saved yet before the program stops the session If there is only one workfile in your exaEdit session that will be the MAIN exaEdit writes the following message in the window Changes not saved Press J or Y to stop In line mode the second line reads as follows Enter J or Y to stop If there is more than one workfile in your exaEdit session the message will read as follows instead Workfiles not saved where the three dots will be replaced by the names of the workfiles which have been changed but not saved If you think you will do without saving your workfile s you only have to hit one of the keys J for ja or Y for yes and exaEdit immediately finishes the session Please note that you do not need to press the return key one of the keys J or Y is sufficient Of course you do not have to use the upper case letters J or Y the single keys are sufficient Contrastingly if you want to save your workfile s instead or do not want to quit ex
157. of numbers and ranges e g 3 4 7 9 If you leave out the second parameter exaEdit adopts the function to show As a consequence the commands pfk all pfk all pfk pfk are identical as well as pfk n and pfk n etc With the parameter LOCK you lock the specified F key s i e that you cannot allocate it or them by simply entering characters and pressing the F key afterwards F keys that have been defined with the command SET are locked automatically With the parameter UNLOCK you remove the lock of the specified F key s With the parameter SET string you allocate the specified F key s with the string The delimiters of string are arbitrary as usual the final delimiter is optional pfk 5 set qwho allocates who on the F key F5 Please note that the apostrophes at the beginning and at the end belong to the exaEdit functions In the following definitions only F4 results in the exaEdit function del while the two at the beginning F1 and F2 result in the exaEdit command delete and F3 does not make sense pfk 1 set del pfk 2 set del pfk 3 set del pfk 4 set del POINT num PO Related commands number command NEXT BACK UP DOWN TOP BOTTOM RETURN The command POINT places the record with the number specified into the current line the workfile section in the window is moved accordingly The record number may be specified without leading zeros Symbolic record numbers are allowed com
158. ogical one a so called terminal emulation a logical terminal Information on which terminal emulation you are using is in the environment variable TERM which you may have displayed with the Unix command echo TERM 68 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands Every key which is physically available may be used alone or together with the Shift Alt Ctrl key The following text uses key for single keys and such combination keys The terminal emulation used decides on what the keys mean Please note that there are keys the information of which does not go to the terminal emulation because the keys are caught in advance The keys which are handed over to the terminal emulation are passed on in two ways by the terminal emulation either as normal keys with a character assigned to it or as a sequence of keys often called escape sequence for they begin with the Esc key Example If you press the key labelled F1 the terminal emulation xterm asserts you have pressed the five keys E 117 in this sequence ME means the Esc key Other terminal emulations provide different key sequences To even out the nonsense there is a so called terminfo file in the Unix operating systems This file contains rules for every terminal emulation which is used at the workstation how to compose the original information from the key sequences For example in the terminfo file for the terminal emulation xterm is the rule that the key sequence AE 117 means that
159. ommand you concatenate the record of the current line with the following record that disappears as an independent record as a consequence If you do not specify a parameter the following record is placed immediately behind the last character no space in the current line If you specify a character string it is placed between the two records to concatenate A frequent application of this is to put a space between the two parts Instead of a character string you may also specify a column The column designs the place in the record of the current line where the content of the following line should be placed If the column is behind the last character no space additional blanks are inserted If the column specified comes before the end of the current record the characters of the second record overwrite the characters of the current line If the second record is short enough the rest of the characters of the current line remains The behaviour of CONCAT is similar to the behaviour of the command REPLACE The only difference is that the characters to be inserted do not have to be specified but are taken from the second record The following example illustrates this the first line is the current line Do give my kindest regards to Peter command result concat Do give my kindest regards toPeter concat Do give my kindest regards to Peter concat 35 Do give my kindest regards to Peter concat 5 Do gPetery kindest regards to
160. ompare section 3 1 30 with F keys For example if the Entf or Del key is missing on your keyboard or it is not handed over to exaEdit or it has another function then you can define its original function namely to delete the character behind the cursor by using pfk 1 set del to the key F1 3 1 24 Command Sequences in the Workfile EXEC As you may already know you can store exaEdit commands in the exaEdit profile files and then the commands are executed when exaEdit or a new workfile is started compare section 3 1 26 But this execution happens only once and only before the file is loaded If you want to have prepared sequences of exaEdit commands executed you may use the command storages X and Y and the programmable function keys F1 F2 but the amount of executable commands is very limited An expansion of this possibility works as follows 1 Create a workfile with the name EXEC 2 Fill this workfile with the commands you want to have executed 3 Go back to the other workfile where you actually want to edit a text 3 1 Functions 63 4 Call the command EXEC Then all characters of the workfile EXEC are executed in a row in the current workfile You should note the following particularities e After the command EXEC nothing else may appear in a exaEdit command line this restriction will be abandoned in future exaEdit versions e If there is no workfile EXEC you receive the error message Workfile not foun
161. or the line before the current line next for the line after the current line first for the first line of the workfile last for the last line of the workfile top for the top line of the workfile bottom for the last line of the workfile set for the line marked with SET nOod t rhpP OD If you call COUNT with only one parameter exaEdit completes the command and assumes the record of the current line as second parameter As a result exaEdit writes the number found in the dialogue zone If the number of the first record is greater than the number of the second one the result is marked as being negative with a minus sign in front of it The result of the count is written into the parameter variable amp Count 3 2 The Commands 85 DELETE n ALL DE Related commands DELETEL and the prefix command DELETE The command DELETE deletes the record of the current line and the n 1 following records if n is specified The specification of ALL deletes all records of the workfile After the deletion the last record previous to the deleted records is positioned into the current line DELETEL DL numi num2 DL Related commands DELETE and prefix command DELETE The command DELETEL its abbreviation is only DL deletes only one line if you specify only one parameter If you specify both parameters the records from the number num1 to the number num2 including are deleted The numbers of the record s
162. ory If you wish to use this multiple loading it is only possible with the exaEdit command LOAD not with the calling of exaEdit The parameter needed is MULTIPLE Its minimal abbreviation is M It is not possible to say anything about the sequence of the individual files when they are loaded anyway it is not necessarily an alphabetical order If the directory contains subdirectories they are ignored In order to have the information which records belong to which file in the workfile also a certain separator record is written as the first record of each file A separator record normally has the form DDD 40 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands where the file name replaces the characters DDD You have the option to use separator records of your own choice when you specify the parameter MULTIPLE string at the LOAD command The choice of the delimiters of the separator string is free as usual in exaEdit If the character string DDD occurs in the separator string it will be replaced by the file name Working without any separator string is possible if you specify an empty character string If LOAD MULTIPLE is executed in an empty workfile exaEdit stores the information that the workfile was generated in this way and notes this with the letter M in the status line Besides the top line and the status line display the name of the directory instead of a file name This has an effect on the execution of the command
163. ot containing the requested string the message Character string in all records appears the are replaced by the specified character string the current line remains unchanged If exaEdit finds the character string in every record until the first record of the workfile has been reached the search continues at the last record normally The search goes on until either the character string is found or the record from which the search started is reached without success again In the sentence above normally means that the switch manipulated by WRAP compare the entry for WRAP is turned ON To show that the search has continued at the end of the workfile exaEdit generates the message Search from end wrap This message is followed by either the positioning of the workfile section on the display or the message of failure mentioned above In contrast if WRAP OFF is valid the search ends at the first record of the workfile if the character string could not be identified If the character string is there in every record that has been checked these messages appear Begin of data Character string in all records Frequently it will be necessary to search for the same character string several times Then it is enough to enter the command RNLOCATE without parameters the last character string that has been searched for is used automatically The commands NRLOCATE RNLOCATE NLOCATE LOCATE and RLOCATE use the same character string The c
164. ould be found the command rnlocate 09 h could be used When the parameter I case insensitive is given the search for the character string will be case insensitive i e no distinction between lower and upper case characters This means that rnlocate ab i will find the nearest previous record containing neither ab nor Ab nor aB nor AB If you have to use the parameter I regularly the use of the command CASE is recommended CASE can force other commands to act as if the parameter I was given For further information see CASE SCOPE 7 ON OFF sc You can use this command to switch between window mode default or line mode see section 3 1 20 The Line Mode SCOPE shows the setting of this switch SCOPE without further specifications means SCOPE ON SEQUENCE coli col2 base incr n N R F SE This command inserts numbers in specified columns of n consecutive lines The default setting begins the numbering with 1 and increases it by 1 in each step If for example you want to fill 5 lines with the numbers 1 to 5 you enter the command sequence 1 1 5 Taking into account the default values you could also write sequence 5 You can of course choose different values for the base number and for the stepping size The numbers are written right justified As long as not specified differently the needed column width is defined by the largest number that will be inserted and the field begins in column
165. pare the explanation at the entries of the commands COPY DELETEL and MOVE but the direct positioning commands will be preferable e g TOP instead of POINT T If you specify a number that does not exist you receive the message Number not found PROFILE EXEC ALL LIST ALL LOAD ALL PRO Without parameters or with the command PROFILE shows the profile files that exaEdit has searched for and used when starting You can find details about this in section 3 1 26 The Profile Files The remaining parameters serve to e execute again EXEC e display in window LIST or 3 2 The Commands 101 e load into the current workfiles LOAD the commands of the profile files in use In each case the parameter ALL specifies whether the command refers to all commands in the profile file or only to those that are executed when a new workfile is started and which are therefore marked with an exclamation mark in column 1 QUIT END Q E The command QUIT leaves the editor Before that action happens it is checked whether you made changes in your workfiles and have not saved them yet If that is the case you are informed on it and you have the chance to continue the exaEdit session for example to save your changed workfiles onto the data medium If there is only the workfile MAIN in your exaEdit session you get the message Changes not saved Press J or Y to stop In line mode the second line is Enter J or Y to
166. part of the character string specified The delimiter at the end of the character string is omittable if the rest of the command line remains empty nrlocate abc launches a backward search for the nearest line not containing the character string abc nrl a b launches a backward search for the nearest line not containing the character string a b nrl abc launches a reverse search for the nearest line not containing the character string bc because a is the delimiter at the beginning and the delimiter at the end is missing nrl abca would also launch a reverse search for the nearest line that does not contain the character string bc Please mind the final delimiter when concatenating commands nrl abc 2 reversely searches the nearest line that does not contain the string abc and then executes the command 2 while nrl abc 2 backwardly searches the nearest line not containing the string abc 2 The search starts at the record before the one in the current line If the nearest line that does not contain the specified character string is found that line is positioned into the current line The section of the workfile displayed in the window is moved correspondingly If exaEdit cannot find a line not containing the requested string the message Character string in all records appears the are replaced by the specified character string the current line remains unchanged If exaEdit fin
167. per case characters This means that nrlocate ab i will find the nearest previous record containing neither ab nor Ab nor aB nor AB If you have to use the parameter I regularly the use of the command CASE is recommended CASE can force other commands to act as if the parameter I was given For further information see CASE PFK n ALL LOCK UNLOCK SET string PF PFK abbreviates program function key i e keys that call program functions in opposition to functions of the operating system The keys concerned usually are labelled with F1 F2 etc Therefore the keys are referred to as F keys In section 3 1 23 Programmable Function Keys there is detailed explanation on the sense and usage of the allocation of commands or exaEdit functions on F keys PFK basically has two parameters The first one specifies the F key concerned and the second parameter specifies the function to show lock unlock allocate The first parameter is either the number of the F key or it is ALL if every F key is referred to If you leave out the first parameter in combination with the function show ALL F keys is assumed if you omit the first parameter together 100 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands with one of the other functions no F key is adopted In other words the first parameter is necessary together with the functions LOCK UNLOCK and SET Instead of the single specification n you may also specify a range n m or n m or a list
168. please distinguish that from the input mode This is accomplished in general by pressing the insert key When the insert mode holds it is shown in the status line by the character A As long as the insert mode is valid all characters put in will not serve overwriting at the place of the cursor but inserting at this place All characters to the right are moved 1 place to the right In the default behaviour of the editor the insert mode is ended by pressing the return key or any function key If you want to end it before perhaps because the next characters you want to type are meant to overwrite you must press the insert key again Prerequisite is that at least 1 character key has been pressed after switching on the insert mode We call the insert mode described here the ordinary insert mode in contrast to the insert mode described in the next paragraph Now comes the permanent insert mode If you do not want the insert mode by every return key you may do the following press the insert key twice without any other key in between If you press during that permanent insert mode the insert key again it will be switched off In addition to pressing the insert key there is also the command INSMODE INSMODE ON switches to the permanent insert mode just like the double pressing of the insert key INSMODE OFF switches off the insert mode just like the single pressing of the insert key Thus you have the opportunity to insert characters with a keyboa
169. quence the area to be moved must not contain the current line and the line following it at the same time This would be the case in the example MOVE num2 with num2 behind the current line If you do not comply to these restrictions you will receive the message Target in MOVE area Some examples m400 700 moves the records with the numbers 400 to 700 behind the record of the current line m b moves the last record m p moves the record before the record of the current line behind the record of the current line i e interchanges the two records Please note that the top line cannot be moved The command MOVE T 500 will result in the message You cannot move the top line The records moved receive numbers that go well with the already existing numbers before and after the inserted records Since the procedure to determine the new numbers is the same for several commands it is explained only once in the section 3 1 31 Inserting Record Numbers 96 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands NEXT DOWN n N DO The pointer to the current line is moved downward by n records in the direction of the end of the workfile Since the current line takes a fixed position in the window the text slides upward If you do not specify n the value 1 is assumed If n is greater than the number of records after the current line exaEdit writes End of data in the dialogue zone and the current line remains unchanged NLOCATE coli col2 st
170. r case 111 Translation to upper case 111 Upper with translation to capital letters no German umlauts 76 WIN 81 Workfile not found 63 83 87 Workfiles not saved 44 86 101 Wrong hex character 79 92 97 99 104 106 110 X is not defined 113 Y is not defined 114 You cannot the top line can be replaced with change concatenate delete move or sort This error message can occur with many exaEdit commands but is described only here The execution of the command you have given would concern the top line while it is not possible for the given command to work with the top line e g copy t 500 This can often be corrected by replacing the symbolic line number t which denotes the top line with the symbolic line number f which denotes the first line Index Page numbers up to 32 including refer to chapter 2 First Steps while page numbers from 33 upward are part of chapter 3 The Editor and its Commands 128 Index TI will be ignored as H is specified exaEdit message 79 symbolic line number 30 83 86 95 exaEdit command 27 54 72 86 96 exaEdit command 27 54 72 75 111 files loaded exaEdit message 40 subdirectories skipped exaEdit message 40 times changed exaEdit message 79 amp exaEdit command 73 _ exaEdit command 73 75 character in file names 36 42 exaEdit functions 68 s symbolic line number 30 prefix command 56 115 1 file loa
171. r one prevails UP BACK n U BA The pointer to the current line is moved upward by n records in the direction of the top of the workfile Since the current line has a fixed position in the window the text slides down correspondingly If you do not specify n the value 1 is assumed If n is larger than the number of workfile records including the top line exaEdit writes Begin of data in the dialogue zone and the current line remains unchanged 112 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands WF wfname DELETE A11 WF WF is an abbreviation of the command WORKFILE With the command WF you may create workfiles activate them list or delete workfiles A workfile name consists of one to eight letters or digits and it has to start with a letter The command WF wfname generates a workfile named wfname if that workfile does not already exist Otherwise the workfile wfname is activated by entering the command above The active workfile is the one that is displayed in the window and that the editing commands have effect on With the command WF wfname DELETE the workfile wfname is deleted and the workfile MAIN becomes the active workfile You may abbreviate DELETE with D If you want to delete the active workfile that must not be the workfile MAIN you should enter WF DELETE With the command WF the name of the active workfile is listed With the command WF ALL the names of all workfiles areas listed
172. rd where the insert key is missing The command INSMODE and the insert key are of course usable mutually 3 1 11 Setting Of and Going To Markers It will occur quite often that you want to keep in mind a certain position in the file you are editing in order to be able to go back there later To achieve this you may use the line number but this method is awkward and it might go wrong if there was a renumbering in the meantime 3 1 Functions 53 A more elegant method is to set markers by using the command set The processing of this command consists in exaEdit memorizing the record of the current line With the command return you can go back to the marked record from everywhere in your file If you give the command SET another time the previous marker is overridden and again the current line is marked With the command set you can inform yourself which record a following RETURN command would go back to If you give the command RETURN without having set a marker in the same workfile with the SET command you receive the message SET storage unused If you have deleted the record with the SET marker in the meantime the commands SET and RETURN provide the previous record To call your attention to this you receive in both cases the following message SET storage changed return to previous record This message will only then stop to occur when you define a new SET marker There is an extra SET memory for every single workfile
173. rds horizontally Lines may be specified explicitly from line 11 to line 12 or from line 11 to the end of data They may also be specified implicitly n lines beginning with the current line or all lines of the workfile In the first version all those lines of the concerned lines are aligned which contain the character string string They will be aligned in such a manner that string is positioned one below the other The result goes after that line in which string is farthest to the right The reason for that is that all lines may be scrolled to the right but not all to the left Those characters which are before the string stay in its place If for example you have the lines abc def de 23 Dec 2005 xyx ghijkl at 24 Dec 2005 then they look after the command ALIGN ALL like abc def de 23 Dec 2005 xyx ghijkl at 24 Dec 2005 Additionally you may align the lines as a whole by specifying the parameter MOVEALL which provides for moving of the characters before the string as well Therefore the command ALIGN MOVEALL ALL would have given abc def de 23 Dec 2005 xyx ghijkl at 24 Dec 2005 In the second version the alignment of the concerned lines is done according to the specified column If this column contains a blank character and if there are no other parameters given then all characters after that column are moved to the left in such a way that the the first non blank character comes in tha
174. record with the number 100 which has 100 characters and takes two lines in the window Since this kind of presentation is not always liked there is the possibility to define a logical window width command LWWIDTH If the window width is defined as 110 the example from above will transmute to the following picture 000100 TEN TWENTY THIRTY FORTY SEVENTY 000200 One record that fits in one line With this method but not yet in the current version of exaEdit you have the possibility to move the visible part of the window command szone If you define szone as 30 you see the following in the window 000100 FORTY SEVENTY EIGHTY NINETY HUNDRED 000200 ne this means anything from the thirtieth character on What happens if LWWIDTH is defined as 90 and szone is set back to its normal value 1 000100 TEN TWENTY THIRTY FORTY SEVENTY HUNDRED 000200 One record that fits in one line This illustrates that the part which exceeds the value defined in LWWIDTH is always displayed in subsequent lines If you do not want any subsequent lines at all the value of LWWIDTH has to be gt the longest record One more schematic presentation of these facts lst case logical windowwidth 1wwidth width of the data area left margin 1st character szone 1 size of the longest record EN Characters in this data zone area produce visible part of subsequent lin
175. responding to different values of the window size 3 1 14 Searching Searching means looking for and going to records that contain certain character strings or do not contain certain character strings Commonly you use the command locate character string to search for a certain character string The command is explained in detail in section 3 2 From bottom to top you may search with the command RLOCATE reverse locate With the commands NLOCATE negative locate and RNLOCATE reverse negative locate or NRLOCATE negative reverse locate you receive the nearest line that does not contain the specified character string As the minimal abbreviation for LOCATE is only L and as exaEdit memorizes the character string that was searched for last the repetitive search for the same character string is quite simple you only have to give the command L Please 56 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands keep in mind that you may define one of the F keys with the LOCATE command which allows you to find different character strings with once pressing a key compare section 3 1 30 The stored character string that has been searched for remains the same for any form of the LOCATE command So you only need to give the command RLOCATE to search backwardly for the same character string that you were searching for forwardly in advance 3 1 15 Changing Data Survey There are three different methods to change data 1 direct ch
176. ring H 1 NL Related commands RNLOCATE NRLOCATE also LOCATE and RLOCATE NLOCATE is used to search for the nearest line not containing the specified character string As parameter you specify a character string The character string normally has to be surrounded by two delimiters Above the slash is used as delimiter but any other character is permissible In practice the special character on the lower right of the keyboard has proved to be effective You only have to use another character if the character string contains the special character You may omit the delimiter at the end of the character string if the rest of the input line is empty nlocate abc searches for the nearest line down in the text that does not contain the character string abc nl a b searches for the nearest line down in the text that does not contain the character string a b nl abc searches for the nearest line down in the text that does not contain the character string bc because a is the delimiter at the beginning of the character string and the final delimiter is missing Entering the command line nl abca would also result in a search for the nearest line not containing the character string bc Please mind the final delimiter when concatenating commands nl abc 2 searches the nearest line down in the text that does not contain the character string abc and then executes the command 2 while nl abc 2 would
177. s well In practice the special key on the lower right on your keyboard has proved to be useful You only need a different delimiter if the character you have got used to is part of the character string specified The delimiter at the end of the character string is omittable if the rest of the command line remains empty rnlocate abc launches a backward search for the nearest line not containing the character string abc 3 2 The Commands 105 rnl a b launches a backward search for the nearest line not containing the character string a b rnl abc launches a reverse search for the nearest line not containing the character string bc because a is the delimiter at the beginning and the delimiter at the end is missing rnl abca would also launch a reverse search for the nearest line that does not contain the character string bc Please mind the final delimiter when concatenating commands rnl abc 2 reversely searches the nearest line that does not contain the string abc and then executes the command 2 while rnl abc 2 backwardly searches the nearest line not containing the string abc 2 The search starts at the record before the one in the current line If the nearest line that does not contain the specified character string is found that line is positioned into the current line The section of the workfile displayed in the window is moved correspondingly If exaEdit cannot find a line n
178. s when the operat ing system got confused with the display properties which unfortunately does happen from time to time on some systems A useful command for the line mode is the command display with which you ask exaEdit to display the number of lines you specified beginning with the current line 3 1 21 Programming the Editor Programming the editor includes all the possibilities allowing to have complicated commands or sequences of com mands executed with a few hits of keys exaEdit has a lot of features that make this programming possible Other functions will be added in the course of time But exaEdit will not reach the flexibility of a real programming lan guage that would not be reasonable because there are enough other very useful programs for that purpose What does exaEdit offer for this field e The programmable function keys F1 F2 compare section 3 1 23 e The command storages X and Y compare section 3 1 22 e The command sequence workfile EXEC compare section 3 1 24 e The parameter variables compare section 3 1 25 3 1 22 Command Storage exaEdit can store commands or commands that are concatenated with the command separator compare section 3 1 7 to allow you to fetch them conveniently whenever you need them 3 1 Functions 61 exaEdit knows two kinds of command storage First there are the F keys explained in section 3 1 23 and second the two exaEdit commands X and Y which are explained below
179. s you should be able to avoid this situation by choosing suitable values for the display width of the record numbers This is recommended because otherwise there might occur misunderstandings between you and exaEdit for example with the line number 234500 If neccessary you must reduce the number intervals by means of REKEY 3 1 10 Deleting and Inserting of Characters Generally you may delete any character in the exaEdit window excepted are the top line the status line and the number areas in the data zone Deleting can be usually done by one of two keys The Del key deletes the character under the cursor All characters to the right of this place are moved 1 place to the left sometimes the contents of the next lines also if they belong to a multi line displayed record which is not our concern here The Backspace key often marked with an arrow to the left deletes the character before the cursor As with the other key all characters to right of this place are moved place to the left Inserting characters is a little bit more complicated because it has to be separated from overwriting of an existing character It is true that nowadays there are many programs which offer no possibility for overwriting a character but only deleting and inserting but not so exaEdit The restrictions for inserting are the same as for deleting a character In order to insert a character in the editor window exaEdit has to be put into the insert mode
180. s you want How this is accomplished you can find in section 3 2 3 The Commands in Detail under amp The parameter variables allow you in a certain way to calculate for example you may add constants or build substrings These features are also described in the named section 64 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands 3 1 26 The Profile Files Although exaEdit has default settings for most of the parameters which are most sensible in the most frequent cases there will occur situations in which you would prefer other default settings To solve this problem there are profile files 1 e files containing exaEdit commands that are executed when you start exaEdit Strictly speaking the profile commands are even executed before the loading of the file you wish to edit happens There are two kinds of profile files for exaEdit e the installation profile file e the private profile file The installation profile is named such because it is in effect for the installed editor no matter by whom it is called on multi user systems The private profile on the other hand depends on the user identification which it is called from In detail exaEdit acts like this exaEdit finds its installation profile via environment variable in this case called EXAEDITIP To test whether this environment variable exists and which value it has you may use the Unix command echo EXAEDITIP and in Windows systems you apply the command set exaeditip If the
181. se i causes the commands CHANGE SSPLIT and all the commands of the LOCATE family to act as if they had been called with the parameter I So the commands will work case insensitive i e they will not distinguish between upper case characters and lower case characters The command case s restores the default performance of the mentioned commands which is to work case sensitive case displays the current setting of both switches in the output of one message of each of the following two message pairs Mixed lower without translation to capital letters Upper with translation to capital letters no German umlauts Case sensitive Case insensitive When the command CASE is given without any parameters at all the default values of both switches are restored case mand case s are in effect CCOPY 11 12 c1 c2 COLUMN col LINE Jnum n ce CCOPY means column copy i e it copies columns of a line It should not be confused with the command COPY which copies lines ccopy 5 column 20 copies column 5 to column 20 of the current line ccopy 5 10 col 20 copies the columns 5 to 10 to the columns 20 to 25 Note that you specify only the first of the target columns since the number of columns has been set when specifying the source columns Copying works as follows First the columns behind the target column are moved to the right by the needed amount of columns Then the source columns are copied into the target area
182. side you should enter the desired number of lines at the right end of the number area or follow the number with a space 116 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands dd This prefix command comes as a pair With the following Enter all records from the first to the second dd will be deleted the marked records included If you have marked only one record with dd then this mark will be ignored It is also possible to enter several pairs of dd prefix commands and let them be executed with one Enter If the number of dd marks is odd then the last dd will be ignored as well With the command MARK you can see where a single dd is or you can delete it only the mark the record will be kept Chapter 4 exaEdit Synopsis In this chapter functions for editing are listed in alphabetical order For each entry there is an explanation of the methods to perform the function Please note the different font faces in the following text Commands are written in equidistant font with capital and small letters The capital letters of a command word mark its minimal abbreviation Of course you may enter the commands in either small or capital letters as you like Italic equidistant font is used for parts of a command name numbers character strings etc You have to replace these parts with your own characters Square brackets enclose optional specifications you decide whether you use or omit them Browsing e Keys page 7 and page browse 1
183. sides the keys with normal characters there are others that are linked to certain functions Depending on the hard or software environment of exaEdit these special keys may be allocated with different pieces of information For this reason there are keys that have no meaning for exaEdit This is not only the present state of affairs this situation may continue in the future The keys with no meaning for exaEdit are simply ignored if they are hit This is valid in the default setting keyboard exaedit But if keyboard all is valid you cause a message when you hit one of these keys The message explains the information exaEdit received from this key and it says that this information is ignored However it may happen that the message for the key disturbs your normal usage of exaEdit for example if you press one of these keys during your input This is why the silent ignoring of these keys is part of the default setting With the question mark as parameter you can ask for the current setting of KEYBOARD The response is either EXAEDIT or ALL The second function of the command KEYBOARD is the usage with the parameter TEST 3 2 The Commands 91 If you apply this parameter exaEdit writes Press key in the window and expects that you press exactly one key If exaEdit answers this the calling of KEYBOARD TEST is finished If there is no reaction of exaEdit you have to press the return key to receive the appropriate reaction of exaEdit
184. son for this error is a file name which points to itself direct or indirect access errno getcwd errno stat errno These messages should never occur They appear if certain errors happen for which exaEdit provides no special message In such a case you should record the complete message together with the circumstances of its appearance and send this information to the author of exaEdit Data set not opened does not exist This message appears if all the preliminary checks exaEdit performs are positive but the file would not open in spite of this 3 1 3 2 Loading a File via DD Names As an alternative to specifying a file name with the LOAD command you can use an environment variable Before doing so you have to connect the environment variable to a file name by specific means For example you could define the environment variable DD_ABC as follows in a Unix system export DD_ABC u fmath ppreus qwer Or in a Windows system set DD_ABC h dok qwer After having done that you can load the file qwer by using the command LOAD abc The parentheses serve to distinguish this special case from the standard case of a file name The LOAD command does not distinguish between upper case or lower case letters in the DD name but in Unix the environment variable must be written in upper case letters only The name of the environment variable must contain the three characters DD_ This is a precaution against collisions w
185. spaces As mentioned above you can leave out the separating spaces if the resulting creation is not ambigu ous For example the command COPY copies the specified lines starting with the first specified one to the second specified one includingly behind the current line The COPY command will be discussed in detail at another place in the text the example here is only supposed to demonstrate the varying possibilities for spelling copy 100 200 The minimal abbreviation of COPY is CO the space before the specification 100 is not necessary and therefore the shortest spelling is co100 200 As a third operand the name of a workfile can be specified from which the lines will be copied For such a name e g abc has to begin with a letter it is possible to write 1t directly behind the operand 200 without a space co100 200abc If the area you want to copy includes the first or the last line of the workfile you do not have to specify the numbers of those lines In this case it will be enough to denote them with their symbolic values f for first line and 1 for last line respectively So in this example you have to write at least co f 1 abc here all spaces are necessary It is also possible to enter several commands at once as you will see in the next section 3 1 7 Concatenating Commands Command Separator When editing you will often have to give a sequence of commands which you know in advance For example e Search for t
186. stead of all of it LOAD can take three parameters for this purpose COUNT counts how many records the file contains but does not load it at all At the same time it is calculated how large in bytes the workfile would have to be This number is larger than the file size on data medium because exaEdit needs several bytes of control information for each workfile The calculated number is on the other hand smaller than the number of bytes the program exaEdit with the loaded data would need in the computer s main memory COUNT generates this message Records counted size of workfile The size is measured in B KB MB or GB The message also shows which unit is used If you also use the parameter MULTIPLE the parameter COUNT must appear prior to MULTIPLE unless you use MULTIPLE with the sub parameter string If you want to load the first n records of a file only you can use the parameter RECORDS n For skipping the first n records of file you can use the parameter IGNORE n Of course you can use these two parameters together also in conjunction with COUNT It is not possible however to use IGNORE and RECORDS together with MULTIPLE To get the help text for LOAD that deals with COUNT IGNORE and RECORDS you can use HELP LOADX 3 1 3 5 Loading All Files of a Directory exaEdit offers the possibility to load all files of a directory at once into one workfile to make changes there and to write all files back into the direct
187. stingly if there already exists a file name for the workfile it will not be changed through the execution of the LOAD command If you decide to transfer the result of your editing into another file you can do this with the FILE command compare section 3 1 4 Saving a File Now a few words about possible errors that could occur in the process of loading a file If the file you specified cannot be found maybe because you made a spelling mistake or the file is in another directory you will receive the following message File not found Despite of this the specified file name will be assigned to the workfile if there has not been a name for the workfile so far and if you have asked for the loading of the file by specifying a file name when you called exaEdit This behaviour allows you to start the creation of a not yet existing file with the definition of its name which you then need not repeat later with the FILE command Common mistakes you may make when you load a file are the following ones Parameter missing This message occurs 1f you use the LOAD command without a file name Ending missing This message occurs if you begin the file name in the LOAD command with an opening apostrophe and exaEdit cannot find the corresponding closing apostrophe and therefore does not know which file name is actually meant The latter is the case when you use the opening apostrophe and your command line contains a space somewhere behind the
188. t be larger than the second Examples sort 500 b sorts the lines 500 to the end of the workfile sort f n sorts the lines from the first line to the line after the current line Additionally you may specify the orientation type and fields of the sorting If you omit all further parameters the records will be sorted in ascending case sensitive and alphabetical order including numbers Also the complete records will be used for comparison The orientation of the sort is specified by A ascending for ascending sort and D descending for descending sort The orientation may be specified for every field separately If you leave out the specification exaEdit assumes A ascending To turn off the case sensitivity you have to use the parameter I case insensitive This too has to be given for each sorting field where this is wanted If the fields that are to be sorted contain numbers you have to use the parameter N numerical for each sorting field where this is required When sorting numerically the record or the given sorting field is interpreted as a number The function atoi of the programming language C is used for this This means the interpretation ends when the first character that is not a number is reached this may be before the end of the record or the sorting field is reached Additionally this means the number being interpreted as 0 if no number has been found an undefined interpretation if the number found w
189. t column But if you specify the parameter RIGHT then all characters before that column are moved to the right in such a way that the first non blank character comes to this column If you specify the additional parameter MOVEALL then the whole line will be moved to the right that is also the characters after that column take part in the moving If you have for example the following lines abc def 1234567 90 XYZ ABC then the command ALIGN 7 ALL has the result 3 2 The Commands 75 abc def 1234567 90 xyz ABC the command ALIGN 7 RIGHT ALL has the result abc def 1234567 90 XyZ ABC and the command ALIGN 7 RIGHT MOVEALL has the result abc def 1234567 90 XYZ ABC BACK UP n BA U The pointer to the current line is set upward in the direction of the beginning of the workfile by n records Since the current line has a fixed position in the window the text moves downward If you do not specify n the value 1 is assumed If n is larger than the number of records including the top line before the current line exaEdit writes Begin of data into the dialogue zone and the current line remains unchanged BOTTOM B The pointer to the current line is positioned to the last record of the workfile Since the current line takes a fixed position in the window the rest of the text slides upward CALL _ externalcommand CAL _ The Unix or shell or DOS command externalcommand is passed on to external execution
190. t important elements of the editor After you have read this chapter you will find more comprehensive information in chapter 3 to 4 if needed Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands contains a complete description of all the editor s features This chapter 1s relevant in all doubtful cases in usage You should read it through at least once if you wish to be able to use the editor supremely well Chapter 4 exaEdit Synopsis is intended for quick reference Its key words represent functions of the editor e g delete one line with descriptions of one or more solutions to them Chapter 5 The exaEdit Messages provides a quite comprehensive list of exaEdit messages together with page reference s to closer explanations of the individual message This manual describes exaEdit in version 02 Table of Contents 1 Survey 11 Et Howto GetexaEdit u wecane a ar da a a ds ta eae eG E 11 1 2 The History eos e sees ab Se E 8 eh SP A S A a a e 11 3 The Concepts pda Mee A A a E MMA A NE A oe Soh 12 ESL The Workfile 00 ori ii A A A es ee ee eS 12 1 3 2 Window Mode and Line Mode e 12 13 3 The Current Line ci A AA ae ee A AA AA Aa 13 SA IMPULSA A a a A ta ee ds 14 1355 Keyboard USage sy oiaoi at e tr e Me ds 14 1 3 6 Command Syntax sasea para a a a LEAs pare Bae 24 15 1 4 Additional Features w gt 0 2 chee bear il he ae a etn a aga tian eet al A 15 14 1 Editing Ditectones gt nosade whe ek A a le ak WE oo he
191. tems exaEdit message 81 com see compress Command in error exaEdit message 72 Command Storage 60 compress exaEdit command 81 Compress exaEdit message 82 Compressed n times in m records by k blanks exaEdit message 82 con see concat concat exaEdit command 82 copy exaEdit command 29 83 cou see count count parameter with the LOAD command 39 count exaEdit command 84 Curses addition to operating system 33 Curses Characters Escape Function exaEdit message 68 d see display d prefix command 29 56 115 Data saved exaEdit message 23 43 70 Data set may be read only exaEdit message 43 Data set not opened does not exist exaEdit message 38 dd prefix command 56 115 de see delete delete exaEdit command 29 57 85 deletel exaEdit command 29 57 85 86 Directory not found exaEdit message 40 43 Directory not opened exaEdit message 40 display exaEdit command 60 85 dl see deletel dl exaEdit command 86 do see down DOS exaEdit message 81 down exaEdit command 27 54 72 86 96 e see end echo Unix command 64 editing blocks 59 end exaEdit command 23 26 86 101 End of data exaEdit message 72 92 97 111 122 End process exaEdit message 70 Ending missing exaEdit message 37 43 Enter J or Y to stop exaEdit message 44 86 101 Index 131 Escape sequences instead of keys exaEdit message 44 ex see exec
192. the description of the command BACK vertical line This character separates equivalent parameters of which you must not specify more than one Example SKEY n means that you may enter either SKEY n or SKEY or only SKEY but not SKEY n You find more details in the explanation on the command SKEY small letters Small letters are used for parameters for which you have to set numerical values Example UP n specifies by how many records the current line has to be moved upward To use this specification you have to use a number for n if you specify a parameter capital letters Capital letters are used for parameters you have to use precisely the way they are described Of course you may write them in small letters to enter them The distinction in this text only serves to convey the information whether or not you have to replace a parameter word with a value Please keep in mind that parameters may be abbreviated as well if the abbreviation is not ambiguous The minimal abbreviation of parameters is not explained in this text 3 2 2 Messages Basically all messages and error messages a command can produce are listed in the description of the specific com mand like this message exaEdit message All these messages appear in the index of this manual where instead of message the actual message is listed Additionally there is the chapter 5 which is an extract of the index limited to the mess
193. the explanation on the command WRAP in the next chapter If you have to look several times for one and the same character string you only need to type in 2 16 Changing Data 31 locate alone the following times Since the minimal abbreviation of LOCATE is L you do not even need to type in more than 1 Besides the search from top to bottom exaEdit can also search from bottom to top This is possible with the command rlocate character string rlocate reverse locate If in this case the search passes the beginning of the workfile and continues at the end of it then exaEdit writes Search from end wrap in the window The memory for the search is the same for LOCATE and RLOCATE 2 16 Changing Data In section 2 8 you learnt to manage the direct change of data Another possibility to do changes was the use of a number command with an existing number But with the help of the number command you could only change the whole lines One more method to change data offers the command CHANGE its minimal abbreviation is C change old new In this example the character string old will be replaced by the character string new in the current line The character again functions as delimiter of the character string As you have just learnt in the previous section you can also use other characters as delimiters You will like to make the same change in several lines frequently For this purpose you can add a definite num
194. the first space is replaced with a tab sign x09 and the rest of the line is moved to the left from the tab stop to the tab sign This procedure is repeated as often as possible Without specification only the current line is compressed You may specify the number of lines n from the current line on or all records of the workfile with the parameter ALL 82 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands Since this kind of compressing is not very sensible if only short sequences of spaces are compressed exaEdit only compresses rows of at least four spaces You can change this number with the command compress n To display the current setting you use the command compress exaEdit will answer with compress This can be used to change the value If there have been compressions after the COMPRESS command exaEdit provides a message of success Compressed n times in m records by k blanks Ifm 1 records is replaced by record in the display If there is nothing to compress the current line remains the same Normally exaEdit moves the current line to the record that is compressed last If you set n to a number that would need exaEdit to compress records beyond the end of the file message End of data the current line is moved to the last record of the workfile After using parameter ALL the current line remains the same no matter if there has been any compression or not CONCAT string n CON Reverse command SSPLIT With this c
195. the key F1 has been pressed exaEdit uses the operating system supplement Curses compare section 3 1 1 Starting a exaEdit Session Curses passes on the information to exaEdit which Curses receives from terminfo Now you have got on far enough to understand the information KEYBOARD TEST provides The response of exaEdit always has this form Curses Characters Escape Function In this pattern for there are always made entries These entries have the following meaning Curses Here is the numerical value of a character key or the function Curses receives from Terminfo If there is a dash behind curses this means that exaEdit has read an escape sequence which does not exist in terminfo This means that a row of single characters has been passed on by Curses to exaEdit In this case the third category escape was used and filled in Characters Here is the character which is connected to the key if there is such a character Else there is the word none Escape Here is the escape sequence compare the explanation on curses if such a sequence was passed on Function Here there is the word none if it deals with a character key If any other key was passed through it has either a function in exaEdit most of the cases or the output is If the key which was pressed has a function in exaEdit the name of the function is the output in the window If you want to work with KEYBOARD TEST yo
196. the key with the missing character When you have pressed the Ins key you have put exaEdit into the insert mode please note the difference between insert mode and input mode the term input mode is explained in the section 2 4 Insert mode means that any additional characters are inserted at the cursor position The sign A that is displayed in column 14 in the status line helps you to recognize that exaEdit is in the insert mode You leave the insert mode by pressing the Ins key again 2 7 Editing a File That Already Exists 25 The insert mode is also turned off automatically each time you press the Enter key It is also possible to induce exaEdit to use the insert mode permanently see chapter 3 Later in the lessons 2 8 and 2 16 you will learn how you can remove typing errors that you only recognize after you have entered them into the workfile with the return key 2 7 Editing a File That Already Exists The next thing you might do is to edit the file exafi11 that you have just created again To do this you type exaedit exafill and you receive the following picture 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 1 21 3l 4l 5l 6l 7 8 MAIN exaEdit 02B TOP LINE exafill 9 000100 This is the first line 101000200 The 2nd line 111000300 line three 121 131 141 151 16 O AAA A AO wan award A a E 171 18 exaEdit 19 _ 20 21l
197. the last line becomes the current line Since they are both frequently used commands they have the minimal abbrevi ations T and B With the commands n down n next n where you have to insert a number for n the current line is moved downward by n lines i e closer to the end of the file With the commands n up n back n the current line is moved upward i e closer to the top of your file If you specify more lines than there are in your file the current line remains unchanged and exaEdit gives the message End of data or Begin of data But if you like to move the current line only by one line you can leave out the line number n and only enter for example In many cases you will wish that the current line exactly moves by the whole window height or only by the half of one page on your window There are special keys for this case F7 one page back F3 one page forward F10 halfa page back F11 halfa page forward 28 Chapter 2 First Steps Instead of F7 and F8 you can use the keys PgUp and PgDn as well prerequisite they are on your keyboard Since your file exafil1 does not contain enough lines you will no really see the effect of those keys if you try them now But you will see how these special keys are translated into exaEdit commands e g 14 14 7 7 if your window has 24 lines When you jump one page forward exaEdit works in such a way that the last line of the previous window becomes t
198. tion of the command MANUAL 3 1 28 The Keyboard exaEdit does not use key combinations for editor functions Beside the normal character keys the following keys have a meaning The cursor keys J They move the cursor across the window The backspace key lt t It moves similar to the cursor key but deletes the character on the left of the cursor e The return key lt enter It serves the input of commands prefix commands and direct changes The key INS or Einfg or It serves to switch the insert mode on or off The key DEL or Entf or A It serves to delete a character The key HOME or Pos 1 It serves to undo all typed changes since the return key has been pressed the last time The key PgDn It serves to jump forward in the workfile by one page in the window The key PgUpT It serves to jump backward in the workfile by one page in the window The Fn keys Of these only the following ones have a meaning F7 It serves to jump back in the workfile by a whole page 3 1 Functions 67 F8 It serves to jump forward in the workfile by a whole page F10 It serves to jump backward in the workfile by half a page F11 It serves to jump forward in the workfile by half a page e The keys at the key block on the right They are used by some keyboards as an alternative to the Fn keys Often there are keyboards on which not all of the keys mentioned abo
199. tor for the timesharing system TSO of IBM s operating system MVS As the user interface of XEDIT was quite pleasant it was nearly completely imitated in the construction of the interface of the editor HADES formerly called AMOS which was an essential component of the timesharing system of the same name operating under MVS as well When the current exaEdit author was confronted with the necessity to turn to the operating system Unix he got a culture shock not only but chiefly in the field of editors key words vi emacs He came out of this shock with 11 12 Chapter 1 Survey every intention to keep alive the in his view tried and tested parts of XEDIT e g concept and interface in the Unix version Since it is not possible to transfer a large and complex program which has been developed by means of software methods in the 70ies the rewriting of the editor was inescapable As programming language for this venture C was chosen not out of sympathy but as the result of the choice of the least evil At first the name xed had been chosen for the program in order to make a distinction between this editor and others called xedit in the operating system VM of IBM and in the operating system Unix But xed turned out to be a frequently used short form e g in directories for editors called xedit in Unix For this reason the editor which will be described in this manual was renamed to pedit in March 1996 Since 1993 the editor has b
200. turn key As a result of your success you receive the message F key now defined Every time you press the key F1 the stored command line is executed The contents of F keys are not particularly protected This means that a F key receives a new content if you enter something and press the F key again The contents of the F keys are the same for any workfile of your exaEdit session When you leave exaEdit they are lost Besides the easy usage of the F keys described above there are more possibilities for which you need the command PFK program function key PFK is explained in detail in section 3 2 3 The Commands in Detail here there is only the most essential information With pfk n you see the content of the F key n If you omit the number n you see the content of any F key with some content The question mark is also dispensable With pfk n lock you protect the content of the F key n This means that it will not be definable by entering commands and pressing this key This protects the F key from involuntary setting You can set it back to the unprotected state with pfk n unlock You can also set the F key n with the command PFK pfk n set Between the dashes which may be replaced by any other separator as usual there is the content of the key When you use PFK SET the key is put into the protected mode automatically The defining of F keys with PFK SET is the only possibility to combine exaEdit functions c
201. u should call the command for some keys which are known to you and which work before you try to find out something about unknown keys The persons who are responsible for the maintenance of your workstation can change the terminfo file and by this means supply missing combinations of escape sequences or correct mismatches between escape sequences and func tion keys 3 1 30 exaEdit Functions As explained in section 3 1 28 The Keyboard there are several key functions that may be linked to F keys by means of PFK Originally all these functions existed as real keys on some keyboards but not on every keyboard So the wish for substitution came up However in some cases the correlation with real keys is not obvious any more and therefore these functions are called exaEdit functions In the following table you find a description of the exaEdit functions In the column name is the form you need to apply together with the command PFK In the column key there are the keys which normally should have corre sponding functions If there are F keys in this column they are the allocations which exaEdit makes at the beginning of every new exaEdit session 3 1 Functions 69 name key s function del DEL delete character at the place of the cursor ins INS insert mode on or off page F8 PgDn whole page forward page F7 PgUp7 whole page backward half Fit half a page forw
202. urs somewhere in the record you would enter ssplit 09 h When the parameter I case insensitive is given the search for the character string where the record is to be split will be case insensi tive i e no distinction between lower and upper case characters This means that ssplit ab i will split the record after either ab or Ab or aB or AB If you have to use the parameter I regularly the use of the command CASE is recommended CASE can force other commands to act as if the parameter I was given For further information see CASE 3 2 The Commands 111 TEST NO LOG n NO DUMP NO KEEP SHOW EXAMINE REPAIR NO MON TE The command TEST serves to obtain some information when debugging the editor It is never needed when editing You will only use this command if the author of exaEdit will ask you to do so TOP T The pointer to the current line is set to the top line Since the current line has a fixed position in the window the text slides down accordingly TRANSLAT col1 col2 U L n ALL TR This command please note just like with all other exaEdit commands the maximal length of this command is 8 letters This means there is no E at the end of it translates lower case in upper case letters parameter U and upper case in lower case letters parameter L In this context letters means the 26 letters of the common alphabet i e no German umlauts If neither U nor L
203. urself In section 3 1 26 Profile Files you will find more information on this subject 1 4 4 Fail Behaviour If exaEdit fails due to a program error it saves every workfile as a new file on your disk as far as possible Thus the danger of losing data is effectively limited 16 Chapter 1 Survey Chapter 2 First Steps 2 1 Prerequisites This chapter is structured in a way which should enable you to work through it without any other assistance If you get stuck however it will be not necessarily your fault there could also be a shortcoming of the text I am quite willing to answer each of your questions and I welcome hints at mistakes and suggestions for improvement Peter Preus peter preus web de http exaedit de en If it is possible for you you should work through this chapter on a data terminal and really key in the commands as explained below 2 1 1 For Unix Systems You should be able to use a suitable terminal and its keyboard and you should be able to carry out a login success fully After the login you usually get a window of the size 24 x 80 24 lines with 80 columns each The editor is enabled to use windows of any size but it will be useful for you to use this standardized window size for a while since it is used in the following example pictures 2 1 2 For Windows Systems You should start the command prompt This could be found by clicking Start down left then All Programs then Accessories
204. us marked You can enter any desired prefix command in multiple number areas in the part of the workfile that is currently shown They will all be executed consecutively in top down order Additionally before pressing enter you can enter a normal exaEdit command in the dialogue zone When you press enter first the prefix commands and then the command in the dialogue zone will be executed At the moment there are the following prefix command additions are in planning This prefix command doubles the marked line i This prefix command inserts an empty line after the marked line d This prefix command deletes the line marked To delete several lines you can mark as many lines as you desire with d and delete them all with pressing enter once If the lines to be deleted are consecutive ones you can delete all of them at once with a special form of this prefix command dn Here n lines starting with the one you marked are deleted Between d and the number no spaces are allowed Since there are digits in the number area you have to consider this If you enter e g d3 without modifying another column of the number area exaEdit recognizes the command d3 no matter if there are any digits after the number 3 However if you have modified any other columns no matter if you restored the original content or not there might be misunderstandings between exaEdit and yourself about how many lines there are to be deleted To be on the safe
205. variables are sum and difference of constants Also for parameter variables representing record numbers you may add or subtract numerical constants which then gives a new record number which lies some records below or above Parameter variables which represent character strings can be used in an expression in the following ways They may be concatenated with a character string by using a plus sign or a substring may be built with the parameter sequence SUBSTR string begin length As in all exaEdit commands constants may be replaced by suitable parameter variables This is valid for the command amp also In this way a relatively powerful arithmetic with parameters is possible With the parameter the specyfied parameter variable is deleted If you use an all parameter variables will be deleted Please note however that the standard parameter variables cannot be deleted Some examples the record numbers of the file are assumed to be 100 200 74 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands Zanz n Zanz 3 amp Col kanz 4 amp Line 0500 amp Line amp Line 2 amp Loc abc amp Loc amp Loc de amp Loc substr Loc3 2 Then the command amp will show the following N amp Col 7 N amp Count 0 L amp Line 00000300 S amp Loc cd N amp anz 3 ALIGN 11 12 string MOVEALL H I n ALL AL or ALIGN 11 12 col LEFT RIGHT MOVEALL n ALL AL This command aligns the reco
206. ve are existing Sometimes however they are existing physically but logically they are supplied with values that are not recognizable or receivable for exaEdit In such a case you can link some of the functions mentioned above with some of the existing and functioning F keys For example reasonable editing is not possible without the keys to insert or delete characters Einfg INS and Entf DEL If the F keys work at least you may connect the two key functions with the command PFK to F keys For more detail compare section 3 1 23 Programmable Function keys and the explanations on the command PFK section 3 2 3 The Commands in Detail Please note that you may arrange these definitions into the exaEdit profile file compare section 3 1 26 as well Information on which functions can be linked to F keys can be found in the section 3 1 30 exaEdit Functions 3 1 29 Keyboard Test This section provides information on the situation in Unix systems the instructions regarding the exaEdit command KEYBOARD TEST are also valid for Windows systems however Keyboards are one of the saddest chapters in Unix operating systems In the struggle to respond flexibly to any realizable and unrealizable wish the allocation of keys and characters or functions was designed variably on several levels This raised the possibility to produce a giant chaos and sometimes this occasion was taken with at least partial success If you hit a key on the keyboard and exa
207. ve to specify the file name you desire If you wish that the file name is exafil1 you now have to enter the command file exafil1 do not forget the return key This command is repeated in the first line of the dialogue zone as well In the next line there will be the output New data set press J or Y to create it This means that exaEdit has detected that there exists no file called exafi11 yet If this file already existed the message would be Old data set press J or Y to replace it This behaviour of exaEdit is intended to protect you from mistakes as e g typing errors which could cause another file name different from the one you actually wanted The letters j or y stand for the words German ja or English yes exaEdit recognizes them immediately when you press one of the keys j or y So it is not necessary to additionally press the return key and to a certain extent this would be even damaging since the reaction of exaEdit to the key you have pressed would not be visible then After so much explanation please press the key j or y As the reaction to this exaEdit writes the contents of your workfile in the file with the name you have specified before and the file is now created in order to do this To show you that the action was successful you receive the message Data saved Now you are allowed to finish this lesson and quit exaEdit by entering one of the following commands end or quit 24 Chapter 2
208. w 102 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands REPLACE col1 col2 string n R Related commands CHANGE CONCAT With the command REPLACE you insert a character string in the line s specified Contrasting to CHANGE the content of the character string to be replaced is irrelevant REPLACE substitutes a character string in the record of the current line or in n records starting at the current line You always have to specify the column at which the character string has to be inserted You manipulate the behaviour of REPLACE by specifying or omitting the second column as follows If you do not specify the end column as many characters are inserted as the string is long Characters that might be behind the inserted characters remain untouched If you specify the begin and the end column REPLACE behaves as CHANGE with arbitrary content of the columns to be replaced In other words the character string that is limited by initial and final column is cut out of the line and the new string is inserted the original content beyond the final column is moved to the left or to the right so that it is adjacent to the new characters Examples The current line contains the text The weather has been fine The two commands replace 13 had r22 25 foggy give the following results The weather had been fine The weather had been foggy RETURN RET Related commands POINT number command The command RETURN positions the record marked by
209. when the character string is found or it is followed by the message of failure when the character string could not be found Contrasting if WRAP OFF is valid the reverse search ends at the first workfile record latest If the reverse search was not successful the messages Begin of data Character string not found are generated 104 Chapter 3 The Editor and Its Commands Frequently it is necessary to search for the same character string for several times In this case it is sufficient to enter RLOCATE without any parameter The last character string is used automatically The commands RLOCATE LOCATE NLOCATE and RNLOCATE NRLOCATE use the same character string By default the complete record will be searched backwardly By giving two column numbers as first parameters the search is restricted to that area A character string will then only be found if the given area contains it fully If only one column number is given the search area goes from that column to the end of the record The command ZONE can also be used for column restrictions see description When both ZONE and the column number parameters are in effect the latter one precedes If RLOCATE is used a second time and then without any parameters possible column restrictions are still in effect But if a new search string is given the restrictions are no longer in effect A RLOCATE with a new column restriction after another RLOCATE will use the same search string as th

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