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GRMON User's Manual

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1. 38 GRMON User s Manual Read and write the cache control register CCR The CCR is attached to the APB bus in the VHDL model and this function can be called by the AHB module to read and write the register If read 1 the CCR value is returned in data else the value of data is written to the CCR void power_down Performs a system reset Should only be used if the I O device is capable of driving the reset input 6 4 2 2 Structure to be provided by AHB module tsim h defines the structure to be provided by the emulated AHB module struct ahb access uint32 address uint32 data uint32 ws uint32 rnum uint32 wsize uint32 cache struct ahb_subsystem void init called once on start up void exit called once on exit void reset called on processor reset void restart called on simulator restart int read struct ahb access access write struct ahb access access diag_read uint32 addr int data int diag_write uint32 addr int data char get io ptr unsigned int addr int size nt int command char cmd I O specific commands void save char fname save state void restore char fname restore state int intack int level interrupt acknowledge The elements of the structure have the following meanings void init Called once on simulator startup Set to NULL if unused v
2. GRMON User s Manual Version 1 0 8 November 2004 GAISLER RESEARCH AB GRMON User s Manual Copyright 2004 Gaisler Research AB Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying provided also that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language under the above conditions for modified versions GAISLER RESEARCH AB GRMON User s Manual MINTO CUCU OM E stetibuiaed 6 1 1 sr E 6 1 2 Supported platforms and system requirements esee 6 1 3 Obt inins GRMON Hc 6 P ZEN CUL e 6 1 5 Ligens t stallatiot ood einer tbe bra r N R R E E EEEE 6 1 6 Probl m reporten e secos ied otegis snaaien ier aE DNE 6 OPEratiON so uU RUEDA GR KORR DNA GN 7 2 1 loge v n Pe TE 7 24 Operadonal MOdES i5 ihe ai orbi etai Ea 8 2 3 Command line options odisse nodus o pecans bitu ote ERU n Ou Du edt UEME 8 Interactive ModE rossii p 9 3 1 Tnternal commands seses sairis anionini a Ea ict bad aaa Eai aS 9 3 2 Running applications eesseseeseseeeeseesesseeeresresstrsrerresstesrestenstrstesreesr
3. P 54 APPENDIX B GRMON Command description 58 GAISLER RESEARCH AB GRMON User s Manual 1 Introduction 1 1 General GRMON is a general debug monitor for the LEON processor It comes with three separate backends simulator tsim LEON2 debug support unit DSU and GRLIB LEON3 DSU GRMON includes the following func tions e Read write access to all LEON registers and memory Built in disassembler and trace buffer management Downloading and execution of LEON applications Breakpoint and watchpoint management Remote connection to GNU debugger gdb 1 2 Supported platforms and system requirements GRMON is currently provided for three platforms linux 2 2 glibc 2 2 Windows NT 2K XP and Windows with cygwin 1 3 Obtaining GRMON The primary site for GRMON is Attp www gaisler com where the latest version of GRMON can be ordered and evaluation versions downloaded 1 4 Installation GRMON can be installed anywhere on the host computer for convenience the installation directory should be added to the search path The commercial versions use a HASPA license key 1 5 License installation Two versions of the HASP USB hardware key are available HASP4 M1 for node locked licenses blue key and HASP4 Net5 for floating licenses red key Before use a device driver for the key must be installed The latest drivers can be found at www ealaddin com or www gaisler com If a floating license key is used the HASP4 network
4. rupts used by the LEON emulated peripherals Note that the LEON interrupt control register controls how and when processor interrupts are actually generated int dma_read uint32 addr uint32 data int num int dma_write uint32 addr uint32 data int num Performs DMA transactions to from the emulated processor memory Only 32 bit word transfers are allowed and the address must be word aligned On bus error 1 is returned otherwise 0 The DMA takes place on the AMBA AHB bus 6 4 1 3 Structure to be provided by I O device io h defines the structure to be provided by the emulated I O device struct io_subsystem void io_init called once on start up void io_exit called once on exit void io reset called on processor reset void io restart called on simulator restart int io read unsigned int addr int data int ws int io write unsigned int addr int data int ws int size char get io ptr unsigned int addr int size void command char cmd I O specific commands void sigio called when SIGIO occurs void save char fname save simulation state void restore char fname restore simulation state extern struct io_subsystem io imported I O emulation functions The elements of the structure have the following meanings void io_init Called once on simulator startup Set to NULL if unused void
5. emulated memory If outside the range 1 should be returned Set to NULL if not used int command char cmd The I O module can optionally receive command line commands A command is first sent to the AHB and I O modules and if not recognised the to GRMON command is called with the full command string in cmd Should return 1 if the command is recognized otherwise 0 When grmon commands are issued through the gdb monitor command a return value of 0 or 1 will result in an OK response to the gdb command A return value 1 will send the value itself as the gdb response A return value 1 will truncate the Isb 8 bits and send them back as a gdb error response Enn void save char fname save simulation state The save function is called when save command is issued in the simulator The I O module should save any required state which is needed to completely restore the state at a later stage fname points to the base file name which is used by GRMON GRMON save the internal state of the simulator backend to fname tss It is suggested that the I O module save its state to fname ios Note that any events placed in the event queue by the I O module will be saved and restored by GRMON void save char fname save simulation state The restore function is called when restore command is issued in the simulator The I O module should restore any required state to resume operation from a saved che
6. help for more help grmon none gt The none keyword between the square brackets indicates that no backend has been loaded This is a special mode with only a few commands available To connect a backend the target command is used grmon none gt target sim LEON SPARC simulator backend version 1 0 6 professional version Copyright C 2001 Gaisler Research all rights reserved using 64 bit time serial port A on stdin stdout allocated 4096 K RAM memory in 1 bank s GAISLER RESEARCH AB GRMON User s Manual allocated 2048 K ROM memory icache 1 4 dcache 1 4 grmon sim gt kbytes 16 bytes line 4 kbytes total kbytes 16 bytes line 4 kbytes total 2 2 Operational modes GRMON can operate in two modes standalone and attached to gdb In standalone mode LEON applications can be loaded and debugged using a command line interface A number of commands are available to examine data insert breakpoints and advance execution etc When attached to gdb GRMON acts as a remote gdb tar get and applications are loaded and debugged through gdb or a gdb front end such as DDD or Emacs GUD mode 2 3 Command line options GRMON is started as follows on a command line grmon options input files The following command line options are supported by GRMON dsu grlib sim c file i ni gdb port gdbport V VV ucmd file xburn file input_files Start grmon in DSU mode Start g
7. io exit 0 Called once on simulator exit Set to NULL if unused void io reset 0 Called every time the processor is reset i e also startup Set to NULL if unused void io restart GAISLER RESEARCH AB 36 s GRMON User s Manual Called every time the simulator is restarted simtime set to zero Set to NULL if unused int io read unsigned int addr int data int ws Processor read call The processor always reads one full 32 bit word from addr The data should be returned in data the number of waitstates should be returned in ws If the access would fail illegal address etc 1 should be returned on success 0 int io write unsigned int addr int data int ws int size Processor write call The size of the written data is indicated in size 0 byte 1 half word 2 word 3 doubleword The address is provided in addr and is always aligned with respect to the size of the written data The number of waitstates should be returned in ws If the access would fail illegal address etc 1 should be returned on success 0 char get io ptr unsigned int addr int size GRMON can access emulated memory in the I O device in two ways either through the io read io write func tions or directly through a memory pointer get io ptr is called with the target address and transfer size and should return a character pointer to the emulated memory array if the address and size is within the range of the
8. AHB module will be saved and restored by GRMON void save char fname save simulation state The restore function is called when restore command is issued in the simulator The AHB module should restore any required state to resume operation from a saved check point fname points to the base file name which is used by GRMON GRMON restores the internal state of the simulator backend from fname tss int intack int level intack is called when the processor takes an interrupt trap tt Ox11 Ox1f The level of the taken interrupt is passed in level This callback can be used to implement interrupt controllers intack should return 1 if the interrupt acknowledgement was handeled by the AHB module otherwise 0 If 0 is returned the default LEON interrupt controller will receive the intack instead GAISLER RESEARCH AB 40 GRMON User s Manual 6 4 3 Co processor emulation 6 4 3 1 FPU CP interface The professional version of GRMON can emulate a user defined floating point unit FPU and co processor CP The FPU and CP are included into the simulator using loadable modules To access the module the structure cp interface defined in io h The structure contains a number of functions and variables that must be provided by the emulated FPU CP structure of function to be provided by an external co processor struct cp interface void ep init 0 called once on start up void cp exit 0 ca
9. Target configuration When GRMON has successfully connected to the target system it will probe the target configuration and print a summary of detected devices grmon grlib eth GRMON The LEON multi purpose monitor v1 0 7 Copyright C 2004 Gaisler Research all rights reserved For latest updates go to http www gaisler com Comments or bug reports to grmon gaisler com GRLIB DSU Monitor backend 1 0 1 professional version Ethernet startup initielisinq seees nn Component Vendor Leon3 SPARC V8 Processor Gaisler Research AHB Debug UART Gaisler Research AHB interface for 10 100 Mbit MA Gaisler Research Ethernet Debug Communication Lin Gaisler Research LEON2 Memory Controller European Space Agency AHB APB Bridge Gaisler Research Leon3 Debug Support Unit Gaisler Research AHB interface for 10 100 Mbit MA Gaisler Research Generic APB UART Gaisler Research Multi processor Interrupt Ctrl Gaisler Research Modular Timer Unit Gaisler Research Use command info sys to print a detailed report of attached cores grmon grlib gt A more detailed listing can be obtained using the info sys command grmon grlib gt info sys 00 01 003 Gaisler Research Leon3 SPARC V8 Processor ver 0 ahb master 0 01 01 007 Gaisler Research AHB Debug UART ver 0 ahb master 1 apb 80000700 80000800 baud rate 115200 ahb frequency 40 00 02 01 005 Gaisler Research AHB interface for 10 100 Mbit MA ver 0 ahb master 2 03 01
10. User s Manual int cp load int reg uint32 data int hold Used to perform FPU CP load instructions reg indicates which register to access 0 31 indicates f0 f31 c0 31 34 indicates fsr csr Loaded data is passed in data If data dependency is emulated the num ber of stall cycles should be return in hold The return value should be zero if no trap occurred or the trap number if a trap did occur 0x8 for the FPU 0x28 for CP A trap can occur if the FPU CP is in exception pending mode when the load is executed int cp store int reg uint32 data int hold Used to perform FPU CP store instructions reg indicates which register to access 0 31 indicates f0 f31 c0 31 32 indicates fq cq 34 indicates fsr csr Stored should be assigned to data During a STDFQ the pc should be assigned to data 0 while the instruction opcode to data 1 If data dependency is emulated the number of stall cycles should be return in hold The return value should be zero if no trap occurred or the trap number if a trap did occur 0x8 for the FPU 0x28 for CP A trap can occur if the FPU CP is in exception pending mode when the store is executed int cp exec uint32 pc uint32 inst int hold Execute FPU CP instruction The pc is passed in pe and the instruction opcode in inst If data dependency is emulated the number of stall cycles should be return in hold The return value should be zero if no
11. bgu a 239371478 400042c8 st ol 239371479 400042cc sethi grmon grlib gt del 2 grmon grlib gt break num address type 1 0x40003608 soft grmon grlib cont breakpoint 1 Fft 0x40003608 grmon grlib hi 254992752 4000386c sethi 254992753 ahb rea 254992755 40003870 sethi 254992759 ahb rea 254992760 40003874 mov 19 254992761 ahb rea 254992762 40003878 mov 25 254992763 ahb rea 254992764 4000387c or 12 254992765 ahb rea 254992766 40003880 or 11 254992767 ahb rea GAISLER RESEARCH AB 50 ord size 41168 bytes size 1904 bytes kbit s fstat 0 400042d0 data 38800002 3 d222a0fc 15100029 d002a100 80a24008 38800002 d222a100 00000000 000005480 000055f9 NNN WWW CO CO CO tion 3 02 0004254 11 0x4 hi 0x4000a400 6 0x104 ol 2 Oxfc 00 1 00 0x400042cc 02 Oxfc hi 0x4000a400 Shi 0x40014400 d mst 0 size hi 0x4001f800 d mst 0 i0 d 6 00 d mst 0 z 0x28c d mst 0 0x198 02 d size mst 0 size size Sol size mst 0 size 2 NON OPNS PRO PRO PO IPSO DS NH 2 2 2 2 2 2 X 02 oo o2 11 10 1 0 ooorrrrrre wOodD0DC000 result 00000000 00000000 40021a34 4000a400 000005d0 00000000 000005d0 00000000 4000a4fc 4000a400 40014400 4000387c 4001f800 40003880 00000013 40003884 00000100 40003888 40014e8c 4000388c 40014598 40003890 0 CO O G OG C
12. cas delay 2 refresh 15 6 us stack pointer Ox400fffFf0 grmon dsu lo samples stanford section text at 0x40000000 size 41168 bytes section data at 0x4000a0d0 size 1904 bytes total size 43072 bytes 94 2 kbit s read 158 symbols grmon dsu tm both combined processor AHB tracing grmon dsu break F Fft Fit fflush free fstat grmon dsu gt break Fft grmon dsu gt watch 0x4000a500 grmon dsu gt bre num address type 1 0x40003608 soft 2 0x4000a500 watch grmon dsu gt run watchpoint 2 free 0x1c8 0x400042d0 grmon dsu gt ah time address type data trans size burst mst lock resp tt 239371457 400042c4 read 38800002 3 2 L 0 0 0 06 239371459 400042c8 read d222a0fc 3 2 1 0 0 0 06 239371461 400042cc read 15100029 3 2 1 0 0 0 06 239371463 400042d0 read d002a100 3 2 1 0 0 0 06 239371465 400042d4 read 80a24008 3 2 I 0 0 0 06 239371467 400042d8 read 38800002 3 2 1 0 0 0 06 239371469 400042dc read d222a100 3 2 1 0 0 0 06 239371472 4000a4fc read 00000000 2 2 0 0 0 0 06 239371480 4000a4fc write 000005d0 2 2 0 0 0 0 06 239371481 90000000 read 000055f9 2 2 0 3 0 0 06 grmon dsu in time address instruction result 239371441 40004254 cmp 13 02 00000000 239371446 40004258 be 0x400042b4 00000000 239371451 4000425c st 00 11 0x4 40021a34 000005d1 239371456 400042b4 sethi hi 0x4000a400 02 4000a400 239371457 40004258 ld 16 0x104 01 000005d0 239371473 400042bc ld 02 Oxfc 00 00000000 2393
13. div floating point unit instruction cache data cache hardware breakpoints trace buffer sram width sram banks sram bank size 21 99 53 MHz 8 yes meiko 1 8 kbytes 1 8 kbytes 4 256 lines mixed cpu ahb tracing 32 bits 1 1024 kbytes 32 bytes line 32 bytes line 8 kbytes total 8 kbytes total GAISLER RESEARCH AB sdram 1 64 Mbyte 0x60000000 column bits 9 cas delay 2 refresh 15 6 us Ox400ffff0 Sdram parameters stack pointer After monitor initialisation the current value of MCFGI 3 and stack pointer are assigned as the default values to which the registers and stack pointer will reset before a new application is started These default valuse can however be changed with the mcfg1 2 3 and stack commands 5 2 3 Starting GRMON DSU using a PCI interface Linux only If your LEON processor has a PCI target interface GRMON can connect to the LEON DSU using the PCI bus In this case start GRMON with pci or pcidev see options below The PCI interfaces uses the open source PHOB generic device driver for linux which must loaded before GRMON is started root mars phob 1 0 phob load vendor id 0x16e3 device id 0x0210 When the PHOB driver is loaded make sure that the corresponding devices are writable by the user The driver includes a script phob load that can be edited for the correct chmod operation Once the driver is loaded start GRMON with the pci switch dsu port is dev
14. dsu sim Execute a shell command stack lt addr gt all Set stack pointer for next run step n all Single step one or n times symbols symbol file all Show symbols or load symbols from file target simldsulgrlib args all Change backend no argument cycles through available Table 2 GRMON Commands GAISLER RESEARCH AB backends args are arguments passed to the backen to which grmon is switching If no args is supplied the switches that were supplied when starting the current backend are reused Note that only backend specific commands can be supplied to target aiu APPENDIX Command Target Description tm ahblcpulboth dsu grlib Select trace mode tra inst count sim Trace inst count instructions quit dsu sim Exit grmon and return to invoker the shell va lt addr gt dsu Performs a virtual to physical translation of address verify file dsu Verify memory contents against file version dsu sim Show version watch addr dsu sim Print or add watchpoint wmem addr data dsu sim Write data to memory at address lt addr gt x addr count dsu sim Examine memory at at addr for count bytes Table 2 GRMON Commands GAISLER RESEARCH
15. executing correctly on the simulator 6 3 5 Idle loop optimisation To minimise power consumption LEON applications will typically place the processor in power down mode when the idle task is scheduled in the operation system In power down mode GRMON increments the event queue without executing any instructions thereby significantly improving simulation performance However some poorly written code might use a busy loop BA 0 instead of triggering power down mode The bopt switch will enable a detection mechanism which will identify such behavior and optimise the simulation as if the power down mode was entered 6 3 6 Processor timing The GRMON simulator backend emulates the behavior of the LEON 2 2 VHDL model 6 3 7 Cache memories The evaluation version of LEON implements 2 4Kbyte caches with 16 bytes per line The commercial GRMON simulator backend version can emulate any permissible cache configuration using the icsize ilsize dcsize and dlsize options Allowed sizes are 1 64 kbyte with 8 32 bytes line The characteristics leon multi set caches as of leon2 1 0 8 can be emulated using the isets dsets irepl drelp ilock and dlock options Diagnostic cache reads writes are implemented The simulator commands icache and dcache can be used to display cache contents 6 3 8 LEON peripherals registers The LEON peripherals registers can be displayed with the leon command or using x x 0x80000000 256 The reg
16. interactive mode If not mentioned otherwise the operation is identical regardless of which backend is used 3 1 Internal commands GRMON dynamically loads libreadline so if available on your host system and uses readline to enter or edit monitor commands If libreadline so is not found fgets is used instead no history poor editing capabilities and no tab completion Below is a description of those commands available on both backends when used in standalone mode See appendix B for a more detailed description including the backend specific commands batch execute a batch file of grmon commands break print or add breakpoint cont continue execution dcache show data cache debug change or show debug level delete delete breakpoint s disassemble disassemble memory echo echo string in monitor window exit see quit float display FPU registers gdb connect to gdb debugger go start execution without initialisation hbreak print breakpoints or add hardware breakpoint if available help show available commands or usage for specific command icache show instruction cache leon show leon registers load load a file mem see x examine memory profile enable disable show simple profiling see also aprof command in simulator backend register show set integer registers reset reset active backend run reset and start execution at last load address shell execute a shell command stack set the stack pointer GAISLER RE
17. is available e g trap handlers The profiling information is printed as a list sorted on highest execution time ration Profiling is enabled through the aprof command The sampling period is by default 1000 clocks which typically provides the best compromise between accuracy and performance Other sampling peri ods can also be set through the aprof command Below is an example profiling the stanford benchmark grmon sim samples stanford GRMON The LEON multi purpose monitor v1 0 5 Copyright C 2004 Gaisler Research all rights reserved For latest updates go to http www gaisler com Comments or bug reports to grmon gaisler com LEON SPARC simulator backend version 1 0 5 Copyright C 2001 Gaisler Research all rights reserved serial port A on stdin stdout allocated 4096 K RAM memory in 1 bank s allocated 2048 K ROM memory icache 1 4 kbytes 16 bytes line 4 kbytes total dcache 1 4 kbytes 16 bytes line 4 kbytes total section text at 0x40000000 size 52112 bytes section data at 0x4000cb90 size 1904 bytes total size 54016 bytes in 1 sec read 195 symbols grmon sim aprof 1 Accumulated profiling enabled sample period 1000 grmon sim run resuming at 0x40000000 Starting Perm Towers Queens Intmm Mm Puzzle Quick Bubble Tree FFT 50 33 LF 116 1100 217 33 34 266 934 EU GRMON User s Manual Nonfloating point composite is 126 Floating point composite is 862 Program exited normal
18. license server also has to be installed and started The necessary server installation documen tation can be obtained from the distribution CD or from www ealaddin com See appendix A for installation of device drivers under Windows and Linux platforms 1 6 Problem reports Please send problem reports or comments to support gaisler com GAISLER RESEARCH AB GRMON User s Manual 2 Operation 2 1 Backends GRMON cosists of a shared command line front end and a number of separate target backends This allows the use of the same command set for downloading and debugging regardless of which debug target is being used Currently three back ends are available LEON2 simulator TSIM LEON2 hardware through the DSU and GRLIB LEON3 DSU Switching between back ends can be done with the target command or with command line switches dsu sim grlib at start up USER r q GRMON Front end Back ends r 3 I TSIM LEON2 DSU GRLIB DSU L B DSU Link DSU Link L d LEON2 BOARD GRLIB BOARD If GRMON is started without specifying any mode no backend will be loaded john venus grmon GRMON The LEON multi purpose monitor v1 0 7 Copyright C 2004 Gaisler Research all rights reserved For latest updates go to http www gaisler com Comments or bug reports to grmon gaisler com use target sim dsu grlib to select target use
19. memories onenen ton EU ue Peto i Rae Sa eed es 32 6 3 8 LEON peripherals retetePs cpi erar E i n Pest nidi d tr PINE ESTE 32 6 3 9 Interrupt controller RR 32 6 3 10 Power down Mod csrzsuresstecnzsaacedeerentesgesabenvsaanpeesecosdovsieeaseaneactandsneneeetues 32 6 3 11 Memory emulation eeseseeeeeeeeseesessrseresressersreresstesrestesserstesreestesesreeseesee 33 6 3 12 SPARC V8 MUL DIV MAC instructions 2 0 0 0 eeeeeeeeeee eene eene nnne 33 GA Lo dable MONE e E T 33 6 4 1 The simulator backend I O emulation interface sss 33 6 4 1 1 SIT Str Ct UTS se tabou tang uaess senate oaibansadeeasndcolsantuiesteseiebanmemaounscase 33 6 4 1 2 FOUL SUCUT P 34 6 4 1 3 Structure to be provided by I O device eee 35 6 4 1 4 Cygwin specific T0 30H 5ascesiesee tide ente Ebo Em tasso ub RO bre edem 36 642 LEON AHB emulation interface rero rpr eo keen a terat R ne YE SU S eere S aere Yes 37 6 4 2 1 PLOCI SEDHOUBTO oieee inn er t tus ede a a ra da De EE E EASA 37 6 4 2 2 Structure to be provided by AHB module eee 38 6 4 3 Co processor emulation sssseseseeseesresresreesetstrreesetsererrssresseseresresseesresees 40 6 4 3 1 FPU CP interface E 40 6 4 3 2 Str cture CLEMENS resse EE NE E ERE 40 6 4 3 3 Attaching the FPU and Passendes true eu eri I M RD MEE 41 6 4 3 4 Example FPU MT re Se neem 42 6 5 EAM AULO
20. memory in 1 bank s allocated 2048 K ROM memory icache 1 4 kbytes 16 bytes line 4 kbytes total dcache 1 4 kbytes 16 bytes line 4 kbytes total LEON SPARC simulator backend version 1 0 professional version Copyright C 2001 Gaisler Research all rights reserved using 64 bit time gdb lo Loading section text size 0x3940 lma 0x40000000 Loading section data size 0x750 lma 0x40003940 Start address 0x40000000 load size 16528 Transfer rate 132224 bits in 1 sec 275 bytes write gdb run The program being debugged has been started already Start it from the beginning y or n y Starting program home john samples hello GAISLER RESEARCH AB 18 GRMON User s Manual Breakpoint 1 main at hello c 4 4 printf Hello world n gdb cont Continuing Program exited normally 4 2 Debugging of applications To load and start an application use the gdb load and run command gdb lo Loading section text size 0xcb90 lma 0x40000000 Loading section data size 0x770 lma 0x4000cb90 Start address 0x40000000 load size 54016 Transfer rate 61732 bits sec 278 bytes write gdb bre main Breakpoint 1 at 0x400039c4 file stanford c line 1033 gdb run The program being debugged has been started already Start it from the beginning y or n y Starting program home john samples stanford Breakpoint 1 main at stanford c 1033 1033 fixed 0 0 gdb To interrupt simulation Ctrl C ca
21. period sim enable disable accumulative profiling No arguments shows the collected profiling statistics batch echo lt batchfile gt all Execute a batch file of grmon commands from lt batchfile gt Echo commands if echo is specified baud rate dsu grlib Change DSU baud rate break addr all Print breakpoints or add breakpoint if addr is supplied Text symbols can be used instead of an address bt sim Print backtrace cont all Continue execution cp sim Show registers in co processor if present dcache all Show data cache debug level all Change or show debug level delete bp all Delete breakpoint bp disassemble addr cnt all Disassemble cnt instructions at addr echo all Echo string in monitor window exit all Alias for quit exits monitor flash dsu grlib Print the detected flash memory configuration flash disable dsu grlib Disable writes to flash memory flash enable dsu grlib Enable writes to flash memory flash erase addr lall dsu grlib Erase flash memory blocks flash load lt file gt grlib Program file into flash memory flash lock addr lall dsu grlib Lock flash memory blocks flash lockdown addr lall dsu grlib Lockdown flash memory blocks flash query dsu grlib Print the flash memory query register contents flash status dsu grlib Print the flash memory block lock status flash unlock addr lall dsu grlib Unlock flash memory blocks flash write addr data dsu grlib Write s
22. phob0O PCI 24 73 MHz register windows 8 instruction cache 4 2 kbytes 32 bytes line 8 kbytes total 4 2 kbytes 32 bytes line 8 kbytes total 256 lines mixed cpu ahb tracing opencores 16e3 0210 1 32 Mbyte 0x40000000 column bits 9 Ox4lfffff0 clock frequency data cache trace buffer PCI core sdram sdram parameters refresh 15 5 us Stack pointer UART 1 in DSU mode grmon dsu cas delay 2 5 2 4 Command line options There are a few command line options to grmon that is specific for the DSU backend These are abaud baudrate Use baudrate for UART 1 amp 2 By default 38400 baud is used banks ram banks Overrides the auto probed number of populated ram banks 22 GRMON User s Manual baud baudrate Use baudrate for the DSU serial link By default 115200 baud is used cas delay Programs SDRAM to either 2 or 3 cycles CAS delay Default is 2 da addr DSU address By default dsumon expects that the LEON DSU is located at AHB address 0x90000000 Use this option if you have configured the DSU to use a different address freq system clock Overrides the detected system frequency Use with care ibaud baudrate Use baudrate to determine the target processor frequency Lower rate means higher accu racy The detected frequency is printed on the console during startup By default 115200 baud is used nb Do not break on error traps i e set the BZ bit to 0 in the DSU control reg
23. the instruction cache can be disassembled grmon dsu gt disassemble 0x90140000 5 90140000 a0100000 cir 10 90140004 29100004 sethi hi 0x40001000 14 90140008 81c52000 jmp 314 9014000c 01000000 nop 90140010 91d02000 ta 0x0 grmon dsu gt GAISLER RESEARCH AB 14 GRMON User s Manual 3 8 Loadable command module It is possible for the user to add commands to grmon by creating a loadable command module The module should export a pointer to a UserCmd_T called UserCommands e g UserCmd_T UserCommands amp CommandExtension UserCmd_T is defined as typedef struct Functions exported by grmon int MemoryRead unsigned int addr unsigned char data unsigned int length int MemoryWrite unsigned int addr unsigned char data unsigned int length void GetRegisters unsigned int registers void SetRegisters unsigned int registers void dprint char string Functions provided by user int Init 3 int Exit 0 int CommandParser int argc char argv char Commands int NumCommands UserCmd_T The first five entries is function pointers that are provided by grmon when loading the module The other entries has to be implemented by the user This is how nit and Exit are called when entering and leaving a grmon target e CommandParser are called from grmon before any internal parsing is done This means that you can override internal grmon c
24. trap occurred or the trap number if a trap did occur 0x8 for the FPU 0x28 for CP A trap can occur if the FPU CP is in exception pending mode when a new FPU CP instruction is executed int cp_cec int ce int hold get condition codes Read condition codes Used by FBCC CBCC instructions The condition codes 0 3 should be returned in cc f data dependency is emulated the number of stall cycles should be return in hold The return value should be zero if no trap occurred or the trap number if a trap did occur 0x8 for the FPU 0x28 for CP A trap can occur if the FPU CP is in exception pending mode when a FBCC CBCC instruction is executed int cp_status unit status Should contain the FPU CP execution status 0 execute mode 1 exception pending 2 exception mode void cp print print registers Should print the FPU CP registers to stdio int command char cmd CP specific commands User defined FPU CP control commands NOT YET IMPLEMENTED 6 4 3 3 Attaching the FPU and CP At startup the simulator tries to load two dynamic link libraries containing an external FPU or CP The simula tor looks for the file fp so and cp so in the current directory and in the search path defined by ldconfig The location of the modules can also be defined using cpm and fpm switches Each library is searched for a pointer cp that points to a cp interface structure describing the co processor Below
25. 018 Gaisler Research Ethernet Debug Communication Lin ver 0 ahb master 3 00 04 00 European Space Agency LEON2 Memory Controller ver 0 ahb 00000000 20000000 ahb 20000000 40000000 ahb 40000000 80000000 apb 80000000 80000100 32 bit static ram 1 1024 kbyte 8 0x40000000 64 bit sdram 1 256 Mbyte 0x60000000 col 10 cas 2 ref 15 6 us 01 01 006 Gaisler Research AHB APB Bridge ver 0 ahb 80000000 80100000 GAISLER RESEARCH AB 02 05 01 02 03 01 ols 01 01 01 004 005 00c 00d 011 AT 2 GRMON User s Manual Gaisler Research Leon3 Debug Support Unit ver 0 ahb 90000000 a0000000 AHB trace 256 lines CPU 0 win 8 hw breakpoints 4 itrace 256 lines icache 2 4 kbyte 32 byte line rnd dcache 2 4 kbyte 32 byte line rnd Stack pointer 0x400ffff0 Gaisler Research AHB interface for 10 100 Mbit MA ver 0 irq 12 ahb fffb0000 fffb1000 Gaisler Research Generic APB UART ver 1 irq 2 apb 80000100 80000200 baud rate 38400 Gaisler Research Multi processor Interrupt Ctrl ver 1 apb 80000200 80000300 Gaisler Research Modular Timer Unit ver 0 irq 8 apb 80000300 80000400 16 bit scaler 2 32 bit timers divisor 40 grmon grlib 7 3 2 Basic commands specific to the GRLIB backend In addition to the common GRMON commands described in appendix B the following commands are avail able in the GRLIB backend regardless of which debug drivers t
26. 192 168 0 51 udp port Use port for the target systemUDP port Default is 8000 Note when connecting through ethernet the freq option should be used to define the target system frequency This is necessary to properly initialise timers and sdram refresh counters 7 2 3 Connecting using a PCI interface Linux only If your GRLIB system has a PCI target interface GRMON can connect to the system using the PCI bus In this case start GRMON with pci or pcidev see options below The PCI interfaces uses the open source PHOB generic device driver for linux which must loaded before GRMON is started root mars phob 1 0 phob load vendor id 0x16e3 device id 0x021 When the PHOB driver is loaded make sure that the corresponding devices are writable by the user The driver includes a script phob load that can be edited for the correct chmod operation Once the driver is loaded start GRMON with the pci switch uart device The uart is also used when more than one board is handled by the phob driver e g grmon i pci uart dev phobOafor 1st board grmon i pci uart dev phob1afor 2nd board 7 2 4 Common start up switches These are common start up switches not associated with a particular communications module freq system clock Overrides the detected system frequency Must be used when connecting through ethernet The frequency is specified in MHz GAISLER RESEARCH AB 46 GRMON User s Manual 7 3 Operation 7 3 1
27. 40000800 ta 0x0 npc 40000804 nop grmon dsu gt Other register windows can be displayed using reg wn when n denotes the window number Use the float command to show the FPU registers if present 3 5 Symbolic debug information GRMON will automatically extract text symbol information from elf files The symbols can be used where an address is expected grmon dsu gt break main grmon dsu gt run breakpoint 1 main 0x40001ac8 grmon dsu gt disassemble strlen 3 40001e4c 808a2003 andcc 00 0x3 g0 40001e50 12800016 bne 0x40001lea8 40001e54 96100008 mov 00 03 grmon dsu gt The symbols command can be used to display all symbols or to read in symbols from an alternate elf file grmon dsu gt symbols samples hello read 71 symbols grmon dsu gt symbols 0x40000000 L _trap_table 0x40000000 L start 0x4000102c L _window_overflow 0x40001084 L _window_underflow 0x400010dc L _fpdis 0x400011a4 T flush windows 0x400011a4 T start 0x40001218 L fstat 0x40001220 L isatty 0x40001228 L getpid 0x40001230 L kill 0x40001238 L _exit 0x40001244 L lseek Reading symbols from alternate files is necessary when debugging self extracting applications such as boot proms created with mkprom or linux uClinux 3 6 Displaying memory contents Any memory loaction can be displayed using the x command If a third argument is provided that is inter preted as the number of bytes to display Text symbols can be used inst
28. 71475 400042c0 cmp 01 00 000005d0 239371476 400042c4 bgu a 0x400042cc 00000000 239371478 400042c8 st ol 02 Oxfc 4000a4fc 000005430 239371479 400042cc sethi hi 0x4000a400 02 4000a400 grmon dsu del 2 grmon dsu break num address type 1 0x40003608 soft grmon dsu gt cont breakpoint 1 Fft 0x40003608 grmon dsu hi 254992752 4000386c sethi hi 0x40014400 11 40014400 254992753 ahb read mst 0 size 2 4000387c 9214a28c 254992755 40003870 sethi hi 0x4001f800 10 4001f800 254992759 ahb read mst 0 size 2 40003880 94146198 GAISLER RESEARCH AB p nd O O0 0 CO OO O0 OQ M Qo CO co C CO CO c h 26 GRMON User s Manual 254992760 40003874 mov 19 i0 00000013 254992761 ahb read mst 0 size 2 40003884 961423cc 254992762 40003878 mov 256 00 00000100 254992763 ahb read mst 0 size 2 40003888 190fec00 254992764 4000387c or 12 0x28c Sol 40014e8c 254992765 ahb read mst 0 size 2 4000388c 7fffff5f 254992766 40003880 or 11 0x198 02 40014598 254992767 ahb read mst 0 size 2 40003890 9a102000 254992769 ahb read mst 0 size 2 40003894 bp0863fff 254992771 40003884 or 10 Ox3cc 03 4001fbcc 254992772 40003888 sethi hi 0x3fb00000 o4 3fb00000 254992773 4000388c call 0x40003608 4000388c 254992774 40003890 mov 0 05 00000000 grmon dsu gt delete 1 grmon dsu gt cont Program exited normally grmon dsu gt When printing executed instructi
29. Daemon Installation aksusbd Enabling Access to USB Keys In order for the daemon to access USB keys the so called usbdevfs must be mounted on proc bus usb On newer distributions it is mounted automatically e g SuSe 7 0 To mount usbdevfs manually use the following command mount t usbdevfs none proc bus usb GAISLER RESEARCH APPENDIX us Enabling Access to Parallel Keys To enable access to parallel port keys the kernel driver aksparlnx must be installed before starting aksusbd Loading the Daemon Load the daemon by starting it path aksusbd The daemon will fork and put itself into the background The status message is generated in the system log informing you if the installation has been successful or not It reports its version the version of the API used for USB and the version of the API inside the kernel driver for parallel port keys If the kernel driver happens to be unavailable when aksusbd is launched parallel port keys cannot be accessed but USB keys are still accessible The system log reflects this status If proc bus usb is not mounted when launching aksusbd USB keys cannot be accessed Preferably the daemon should be started at system boot up time with some script located in etc rc d init d or etc init d depending on Linux distribution Command Line Switches for aksusbd Linux V Print version number as decimal format xx xx l value Select type of diagnostic messages Possible valu
30. FH RUNE 20 5 2 1 llora acre tase X 20 5 2 20 Starting GRMON DSU using the DSU uart eee 20 5 2 3 Starting GRMON DSU using a PCI interface Linux only 21 GAISLER RESEARCH AB GRMON User s Manual 5 2 4 Command Ime Options aodio eidem EMI NEM MI ee REM 21 5 3 BAAS ACY modenese E E EE E 23 5 3 1 Commands specific to the DSU backend sse 23 3 222 Usmg th TCS DUE GE ones tttm pietre neni a esce obti duae ias 24 5 3 3 Forwarding application console output eeeeeeeeeeeeene 26 A MEE so cQ 26 6 The simulator Daeketid uiuere ttn etr x tar ene qUs E ips 27 6 1 iso ae E E E A E E E 27 6 2 CDP UI senene E E S 27 6 2 1 Command line OpDUGIS ud Stc reap pisi r S 27 6 2 2 Commands specific for the simulator backend ssss 29 6 2 3 ln ACG M 29 0 24 Check Pomting cienia aiei a a aoaia 30 6 2 5 gui s ERSE 30 6 3 Emulation eracterisllog as qoo ierra e E R NR RSRED 31 6 3 1 ibus fo 31 032 MARIS esteem eee eee 31 GB APU D E E E A E 32 6 3 4 Delayed write to special registers esee 32 6 3 5 Idle loop optimisation eeseeeeeseesessreesessesstsesesressessresresserstesreeseesereresersese 32 6 3 6 PROGGSSOP TMI ysics iess isinen S oa s tubi dau Faq divas EES 32 63 7 Cach
31. GRMON User s Manual 6 The simulator backend 6 1 General The GRMON simulator backend is a generic SPARC architecture simulator capable of emulating LEON based computer systems The simulator backend provides several unique features e Accurate and cycle true emulation of LEON processors e Accelerated simulation during processor standby mode e 64 bit time for unlimited simulation periods Instruction trace buffer Loadable modules to include user defined I O devices e Stack backtrace with symbolic information e Check pointing capability to save and restore complete simulator state When referring to GRMON in this section it implies the simulator backend only 6 2 Operation 6 2 1 Command line options The following command line options are unique for the simulator backend ahbm ahb_module_path Use ahb_module_path as loadable AHB module rather than the default ahb so banks ram_banks bopt Sets how many ram banks 1 4 the ram is divided on Default is 1 Enables idle loop optimisation see text cpm cp_module dcsize size dlock dlsize size dsets sets drepl rep Use cp_module as loadable co processor module rather than the default cp so Defines the set size kbytes of the LEON dcache Allowed values are 1 64 in binary steps Enable data cache line locking Default if disabled Sets the line size of the LEON data cache in bytes Allowed values are 8 16 or 32 Defines the numbe
32. HB devices At start up GRMON searches for ahb so in the current directory but the location of the module can be spec ified using the ahbm switch Note that the module must be compiled to be position independent i e with the fPIC switch gcc 6 4 2 1 procif structure GRMON exports one structure for AHB emulation procif The procif structure defines a few functions giving access to the processor emulation and cache behaviour The procif structure is defined in tsim h struct proc interface void set irl int level generate external interrupt void cache snoop uint32 addr void cctrl uint32 data uint32 read void power down extern struct proc_interface procif The elements in the structure have the following meaning void set_irl int level Set the current interrupt level iui irl in VHDL model Allowed values are 0 15 with 0 meaning no pending interrupt Once the interrupt level is set it will remain until it is changed by a new call to set irl The modules interrupt callback routine should typically reset the interrupt level to avoid new interrupts void cache_snoop uint32 addr The cache_snoop function emulates the data cache snooping of the processor The tags to the given address will be checked and if a match is detected the corresponding cacheline will be flushed the tag will be cleared void cctrl uint32 data uint32 read GAISLER RESEARCH AB
33. K O Xr OO 000005d1 00000540 9214a28c 94146198 961423cc 190fec00 JEEELESE 9a102000 trans size burst mst lock resp 0 O OG cC OC O c C tt 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 OO QOO C O D O OC Ww am pis Co XO CO So CO CO Oo oe H H 5 GRMON User s Manual 254992769 ahb read mst 0 size 2 40003894 D0863fff 254992771 40003884 or 10 Ox3cc 03 4001fbcc 254992772 40003888 sethi hi 0x3fb00000 04 3f b00000 254992773 4000388c call 0x40003608 4000388c 254992774 40003890 mov 0 05 00000000 grmon grlib gt delete 1 grmon grlib gt cont Program exited normally grmon grlib gt When printing executed instructions the value within brackets denotes the instruction result or in the case of store instructions the store address and store data The value in the first column displays the relative time equal to the DSU timer The time is taken when the instruction completes in the last pipeline stage write back of the processor In a mixed instruction AHB display AHB address and read or write value appear within brackets The time indicates when the transfer completed i e when HREADY was asserted Note when switching between tracing modes the contents of the trace buffer will not be valid until execution has been resumed and the buffer refilled 7 5 4 Forwarding application console output If GRMON is started with u the LEON3 UARTI will be pl
34. LEONGS debug support unit DSU driver This driver handles one or more LEONG processors through the LEONG debug support unit 7 5 1 Internal commands In addtion to the global commands desribed in 3 1 page 9 the driver for the LEON3 debug support unit pro vides the following internal commands ahb ength Print the AHB trace buffer The length last AHB transfers will be printed default is 10 hist ength Print the trace buffer The length last executed instructions or AHB transfers will be printed default is 10 inst ength Print only the instruction trace buffer The length last executed instructions will be printed default is 10 tmode proc ahb both none Select tracing mode between none processor only AHB only or both 7 5 2 Command line switches The following command line switches are accepted abaud baudrate Set application baudrate for UART 1 amp 2 By default 38400 baud is used stack stackval Set stackval as stack pointer for applications overriding the auto detected value u Put UART 1 in loop back mode and print its output on monitor console 7 5 3 Using the trace buffer Depending on the DSU configuration the trace buffer can store the last executed instruction the last AHB bus transfers or both The trace buffer mode is set using the tmode command Use the ahb inst or hist commands to display the contents of the buffer Below is an example debug session that shows the usage of break
35. SEARCH AB 10 GRMON User s Manual step single step one or n times symbols show symbols or load symbols from file target change backend quit exit grmon version show version watch print or add watchpoint wmem write word to memory X examine memory Typing a Ctrl C will interrupt a running program Short forms of the commands are allowed e g c co or con are all interpreted as cont Tab completion is available for commands text symbols and filenames 3 2 Running applications To run a program first use the load command to download the application and the run to start it The program should be compiled with LECCS 3 2 1 Running applications in dsu mode grmon dsu load samples hello Section text at 0x40000000 size 14656 bytes section data at 0x40003940 size 1872 bytes total size 16528 bytes 99 4 kbit s read 71 symbols grmon dsu gt run Program exited normally grmon dsu gt The output from the application appears on the normal LEON UARTS and thus not in the GRMON console unless the u switch was given at startup The loaded applications should not be run through mkprom Before the application is started the complete integer and floating point register file is cleared filled with zeros and the three memory configuration registers MCFG1 3 and stack pointer are initialised to their default values Various processor registers such as psr and 96wim are also initialised When an application terminates
36. TS sascissicnnsizsintioxeasalneuswsusniaeetesandalgadess wanes bep tapes Dau nsa MAN nU PR EVER A SEU RD 42 GAISLER RESEARCH AB GRMON User s Manual 7 The GRLIB backend m 43 7 1 MO LOLE vtero E EE 43 7 1 1 ica oniiir iniii de cad nae E EE ETa E ER TERE iaa 43 Melee AGRLIB debugging concept uico uictor reo nieni 43 7 2 Start Up GPUS MM RN 44 7 2 1 Connecting to the AHB Watt Laser e ttis sep pui einai 44 7 2 20 Connecting using the EDCL ethernet link eene 45 7 2 3 Connecting using a PCI interface Linux only esses 45 7 2 4 Common start up SWIICBOS uos tree tien Coetus esti aepa sas aep LO d deua 45 7 3 Operati N TH e 46 7 3 1 Target configurations Zo acs ee acerca csc E E E edad eas eaa 46 7 3 2 Basic commands specific to the GRLIB backend 47 TA ER To pii cio anii siaaa EE aiaa aans 48 7 5 LEONG debug support unit DSU driver eee 49 7 5 1 nterna CORDADUS eei tes dert hr tn Mta eee Er tex EL ONU anii osea decia etas 49 Jo Command line SWitCh s ueni snese iege DER Rui n RE ue 49 7 5 3 Using the trace UE a ae etre iieii e E REEE RA ERER 49 7 5 4 Forwarding application console output essere 51 7 6 LEON memory controller driver iius een teen aeri Een RR Le ao pone amen 52 4o FLASH programming iier b reU oti esien aiian 53 APPENDIX A HASP m
37. aced in loop back mode with flow control enabled During the execution of an application the UART receiver will be regularly polled and all application console output will be printed on the GRMON console It is then not necessary to connect a separate terminal to UARTI to see the application output GAISLER RESEARCH AB 52 GRMON User s Manual 7 6 LEON2 memory controller driver The driver for the LEON2 memory controller provides the following internal commands mcfgl value Set the default value for memory configuration register 1 When the run command is given MCFGI 2 amp 3 are initialised with their default values to provide the application with a clean startup environment If no value is give the current default value is printed mcfg2 value As mcfgl above but setting the default value of the MCFG2 register mcfg3 value As mcfgl above but setting the default value of the MCFG3 register The following start up switches are accepted banks ram banks Overrides the auto probed number of populated ram banks cas delay Programs SDRAM to either 2 or 3 cycles CAS delay Default is 2 nosram Disable sram and map sdram from address 0x40000000 ram ram size Overrides the auto probed amount of static ram Size is given in Kbytes romrws waitstates Set waitstates number of waitstates for rom reads romwws waitstates Set waitstates number of waitstates for rom writes romws waitstates Set waitstates number of w
38. aitstates for both rom reads and writes ramrws waitstates Set waitstates number of waitstates for ram reads ramwws waitstates Set waitstates number of waitstates for ram writes ramws waitstates Set waitstates number of waitstates for both ram reads and writes GAISLER RESEARCH AB 53 GRMON User s Manual 7 7 FLASH programming When used with Gaisler Research s GR PCI XC2V LEON FPGA Development board the following com mands are also supported Note that flash has to be enabled with flash enable before any other flash com mands can be used flash Print the on board flash memory configuration flash disable Disable writing to flash flash enable Enable writing to flash flash erase addr all Erase a flash block at address addr or the complete flash memory all An address range is also support e g flash erase 0x1000 0x8000 flash load lt file gt Program the flash memory with the contents file Recognized file formats are ELF and srecord flash lock addr all Lock a flash block at address addr or the complete flash memory all An address range is also support e g flash lock 0x1000 0x8000 flash lockdown addr all Lock down a flash block at address addr or the complete flash memory all An address range is also support e g flash lockdown 0x1000 0x8000 flash query Print the flash query registers flash status Print the flash lock status register flash unlock ad
39. arget processor frequency Lower rate means higher accu racy The detected frequency is printed on the console during startup By default 115200 baud is used uart device By default GRMON communicates with the target using the first uart port of the host This can be overriden by specifying an alternative device Device names depend on the host operating system On unix systems and cygwin serial devices are named as dev ttyXX On windows use com 4 When GRMON connects to the target with the serial interface the system clock frequency is calculated by comparing the setting in the AHB uart baud rate generator to the used communications baud rate This detec tion has limited accuracy but can be improved by selecting a lower detection baud rate using the ibaud switch On some hosts it might be necessary to lower the baud rate in order to achieve a stable connection to the target In this case use the baud switch with the 57600 or 38400 options GAISLER RESEARCH AB 45 GRMON User s Manual 7 2 2 Connecting using the EDCL ethernet link If your GRLIB system uses the EDCL ethernet communication link core GRMON can connect to the system using ethernet In this case start GRMON with eth The default network parameters can be set through addi tional switches emem lt size gt Use size for the target system s EDCL packet buffer Default is 2 kbytes ip lt ipnum gt Use ipnum for the target system IP number Default is
40. ations and displaying of memory contents GRMON will access emulated memory through a memory pointer get io ptr is called with the target address and transfer size and should return a character pointer to the emulated memory array if the address and size is within the range of the emulated memory If outside the range 1 should be returned Set to NULL if not used int command char cmd The AHB module can optionally receive command line commands A command is first sent to the AHB and I O modules and if not recognised the GRMON command is called with the full command string in cmd Should return 1 if the command is recognized otherwise 0 When GRMON commands are issued through the gdb monitor command a return value of 0 or 1 will result in an OK response to the gdb command A return value 1 will send the value itself as the gdb response A return value 1 will truncate the Isb 8 bits and send them back as a gdb error response Enn void save char fname save simulation state The save function is called when save command is issued in the simulator The AHB module should save any required state which is needed to completely restore the state at a later stage fname points to the base file name which is used by GRMON GRMON saves the internal state of the simulator backend to xi It is sug gested that the AHB module save its state to fname ahs Note that any events placed in the event queue by the
41. ch Note that the module must be compiled to be position independent i e with the fPIC switch gcc 6 4 1 1 simif structure The simif structure is defined in sim h struct sim_options int phys_ram int phys_rom double freq double wdfreq struct sim_interface struct sim_options options tsim command line options sistime simtime current simulator time void event void cfunc int arg sistime offset GAISLER RESEARCH AB 34 s GRMON User s Manual void stop event void cfunc int irl interrup request level void sys reset reset processor void sim stop stop simulation extern struct sim interface simif exported simulator functions The elements in the structure has the following meaning struct sim_options options Contains some simulator startup options options freq defines the clock frequency of the emulated processor and can be used to correlate the simulator time to the real time sistime simtime Contains the current simulator time Time is counted in clock cycles since start of simulation To calculate the elapsed real time divide simtime with options freq void event void cfunc int arg sistime offset GRMON maintains an event queue to emulate time dependant functions The event function inserts an event in the event queue An event consists of a function to be called when the event expires an argument with whi
42. ch the function is called and an offset relative the current time defining when the event should expire NOTE the event function may NOT be called from a signal handler installed by the I O module but only from event callbacks or at start of simulation void stop_event void cfunc stop event will remove all events from the event queue which has the calling function equal to cfunc NOTE the stop event function may NOT be called from a signal handler installed by the I O module int irl Current IU interrupt level Should not be used by I O functions unless they explicitly monitor theses lines void sys reset Performs a system reset Should only be used if the I O device is capable of driving the reset input void sim stop Stops current simulation Can be used for debugging purposes if manual intervention is needed after a certain event 6 4 1 2 ioif structure ioif is defined in sim h Structio interface void set irq int irq int level GAISLER RESEARCH AB i 35 GRMON User s Manual int dma_read uint32 addr uint32 data int num int dma_write uint32 addr uint32 data int num extern struct io_interface ioif exported processor interface The elements of the structure have the following meaning void set_irq int irq int level Set the interrupt pending bit for interrupt irq Valid values on irq is 1 15 Care should be taken not to set inter
43. ck point fname points to the base file name which is used by the simulator backend GRMON restores the simulator internal state from fname tss 6 4 1 4 Cygwin specific io init Due to problems of resolving cross referenced symbols in the module loading when using Cygwin the io init routine in the I O module must initialise a local copy of simif and ioif This is done by providing the following io init routine GAISLER RESEARCH AB E Uu GRMON User s Manual Static void io init struct sim interface sif struct io interface iif ifdef CYGWIN32 Do not remove needed when compiling on Cygwin simif sif ioif iif endif additional init code goes here 6 4 2 LEON AHB emulation interface In addition to the above described I O modules GRMON also allows emulation of the LEON processor core with a completely user defined memory and I O architecture By loading an AHB module ahb so the internal memory emulation is disabled The emulated processor core communicates with the AHB module using an interface similar to the AHB master interface in proc vhd of the LEON VHDL model The AHB module can then emulate the complete AHB bus and all attached units The AHB module interface is made up of two parts one that is exported by GRMON and defines GRMON functions and data structures that can be used by the AHB module and one that is exported by the AHB mod ule and allows GRMON to access the emulated A
44. co processor if available Print events in the event queue Only user inserted events are printed flush all icache dcache addr Flush the LEON caches Specifying all will flush both the icache and dcache Specifying icache or dcache will flush the respective cache Specifying addr will flush the correspond ing line in both caches hist ength Enable the instruction trace buffer The length last executed instructions will be placed in the trace buffer A hist command without length will display the trace buffer Specifying a zero inc time perf reset restore file save file trace length will disable the trace buffer Increment simulator time without executing instructions Time is given in same format as for the go command Event queue is evaluated during the advancement of time The perf command will display various execution statistics A perf reset command will reset the statistics This can be used if statistics shall be calculated only over a part of the program The run and reset command also resets the statistic information Restores simulator state from file see Check pointing on page 30 Saves simulator state to file see Check pointing on page 30 6 2 3 Backtrace The bt command will display the current call backtrace and associated stack pointer grmon sim gt load samples hello section text at 0x40000000 size 14656 bytes section data at 0x40003940 size 1872 bytes t
45. dr all Unock a flash block at address addr or the complete flash memory all An address range is also support e g flash unlock 0x1000 0x8000 flash write lt addr gt lt data gt Write a 32 bit data word to the flash at address addr A typical command sequence to erase and re program a flash memory could be flash flash flash flash flash enable unlock all erase all load file exe lock all GAISLER RESEARCH AB Ie APPENDIX APPENDIX A HASP A 1 Installing HASP Device Driver A 1 1 Ona Windows NT 2000 XP Station The HASP device driver is installed automatically when using the HDD32 EXE Win32 software setup You ll find this applications in the HASP drivers directory of your GRMON CD It automatically recognize the operating system in use and install the correct driver files at the required location Note To install the HASP device driver under Windows NT 2000 XP you need administrator privileges A 1 2 On a Linux platform The HASP software for Linux includes the following Kernel mode drivers for various kernel versions Utilities to query the driver version and to display parallel ports HASP library It is contained in the redhat 1 05 1 i366 tar gz suse 1 5 1 i386 tar gz or the haspdriver tar gz archive in the Linux directory on the GRMON CD For detailed information on the components refer to the readme files in the archive Note All described action should be executed as root Aladdin
46. e 5 3 1 Commands specific to the DSU backend These are the commands only available in the DSU backend ahb length Print only the AHB trace buffer The length last AHB transfers will be printed default is 10 hist length Print the trace buffer The length last executed instructions or AHB transfers will be printed default is 10 inst ength Print only the instruction trace buffer The length last executed instructions will be printed default is 10 init Do a hardware probe to detect system settings and memory size and initialize peripherals leon Display LEON peripherals registers mefg1 value Set the default value for memory configuration register 1 When the run command is given MCFGI 2 amp 3 are initialised with their default values to provide the application with a clean startup environment If no value is give the current default value is printed mcfg2 value As mcfgl above but setting the default value of the MCFG2 register mcfg3 value As mcfgl above but setting the default value of the MCFG3 register mmu Prints the MMU registers reg reg name value Prints and sets the IU registers in the current register window reg without parameters prints the IU registers reg reg name value sets the corresponding register to value Valid register names are psr tbr wim y g1 g7 00 07 and 10 17 To view the other register windows use reg wn where n is 0 7 stack value Set the default value of the stack po
47. e IU watchpoint registers To debug code in read only memories e g prom only hardware break points can be used Note that it is possible to debug any ram based code using software breakpoints even where traps are disabled such as in trap handlers 3 3 2 Simulator The simulator backend supports execution breakpoints and write data watchpoints In standalone mode hard ware breakpoints are always used and no instrumentation of memory is made When using the gdb interface the gdb break command normally uses software breakpoints by overwriting the breakpoint address with a ta 1 instruction Hardware breakpoints can be inserted by using the gdb hbreak command Data write watch points are inserted using the watch command A watchpoint can only cover one word address block watch points are not available 3 4 Displaying registers The current register window can be displayed using the reg command grmon dsu gt regis INS 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 YHA OB WHER O 004010C6 ys 10 H ter LOCALS 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 OUTS 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 wim 00000001 tbr GLOBALS 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 40000800 y 00000000 GAISLER RESEARCH AB 23 GRMON User s Manual pc
48. ead of a numeric address grmon dsu x 0x40000000 40000000 a0100000 29100004 81c52000 01000000 See v see sue ES 40000010 91d02000 01000000 01000000 01000000 205 SoMa ema adire GAISLER RESEARCH AB NT GRMON User s Manual 40000020 91d02000 01000000 01000000 01000000 T erosion ine 40000030 91d02000 01000000 01000000 01000000 D MCCC DE PEE ES grmon dsu x 0x40000000 32 40000000 a0100000 29100004 81c52000 01000000 T 40000010 91d02000 01000000 01000000 01000000 Boer CM LEES grmon dsu gt x main 40001AC8 1110000e 90122010 8213c000 400000837 e 40001AD8 9e104000 01000000 29de3bf98 9e20001b oan C dos osesaod scent 40001AE8 98102000 90100018 92100019 9a200019 eS 40001AF8 82200018 209410001a 2096100015 a620001la Vtde abet grmon dsu gt 3 7 Disassembly of memory Any memory location can be disassembled using the disassemble command grmon sim gt disassemble 0x40000000 5 40000000 a0100000 chr 10 40000004 29100004 sethi hi 0x40001000 14 40000008 81c52000 jmp 14 4000000c 01000000 nop 40000010 91d02000 te 0x0 grmon sim gt disassemble 0x40000000 0x4000000c 40000000 20100000 clr 10 40000004 29100004 sethi hi 0x40001000 14 40000008 81c52000 jmp 14 4000000c 01000000 nop grmon sim disassemble main 3 40001ac8 1110000e sethi hi 0x40003800 00 40001acc 90122010 or 00 0x10 00 40001ad0 8213c000 or 07 gl grmon sim gt Note that in dsu mode also the contents of
49. es are 0 only errors 1 normal default 2 verbose 3 ultra verbose The messages are logged in syslog with priority kern info and kern debug Refer to etc syslog conf to see where the messages will be put usually it is the file var log messages u value Specifies the permission bits for the socket special file Default is 666 access for every one h Print command line help GAISLER RESEARCH AB l1 APPENDIX A 2 Installing HASP4Net License Manager The following steps are necessary to install HASP4 Net in a network Install the appropriate HASP device driver or daemon and connect the HASP4 Net key Install and start the HASP License Manager on the same machine Customize the HASP License Manager and the HASP4 Net client if necessary A 2 1 Ona Windows NT 2000 XP Station The HASP License Manager for Windows NT 2000 XP is nhsrvice32 exe Use the setup file Imsetup exe to install it It is recommended that you install the HASP License Manager as an NT service so there is no need to log in to the station to provide the functionality 1 Install the HASP device driver and connect the HASP4 Net key to a station 2 Install the License Manager by running Imsetup exe from your GRMON CD and following the instructions of the installation wizard As installation type select Service To activate the HASP License Manager application start it from the Start menu or Windows Explorer The HASP License Manager applica
50. esrsrenseeseee 10 3 2 1 Running applications in dsu mode eene 10 3 2 2 Running applications in simulator mode eee 10 3 3 Inserting breakpoints and watchpoints eese 11 3 3 1 PSU nenen ene E EA E H 11 DEVE SOL eerste deeds 11 34 Displaying registers asda a este ce quatebh ttn acp uum ndr oops op rasa be vbt sa 11 3 5 Symbolic debug information eite e neben dote pae Eo psp ea svaessaseraens 12 3 6 Displaying memory contents 2o epic bites sedit Bepdn Dude pav dtu Eu Ide Ed deS 12 3 7 Disassembly of memory qe 13 3 8 Loadable command modulesdg ccxcccuieccessacecawei sn aces 14 3 9 Simple Profilin gessien EAEE 14 GDB TAM FADS saan sea nsien iaeaea altas eai EE LUCA MEN Mun 16 4 1 Attaching to A MT apis satro EnS 16 4 2 Debugging of applications yssccacceradesssevodecsstsncceedetnerdesshiecuiedeaeiaelnedceaess 18 MEE cu iseer E AR EEE A A EE n 18 4 4 Specific GDB optimisation eeeseseeseeseseseereestteresresserstrreesttstseresresseseessresee 18 4 4 1 Some gdb support functions esesseeeseseeseeserssrerirsersstsressrtsresereseesseeeeesreses 18 4 5 Limitations of gdb interface seeeeseeseesessressesressrssrssressersrerressersrisreesrrseee 19 The DSU backend ossessi rirnan nedo in mx R CAE REED dd acuiatseates 20 5 1 S scc EEEE AETA 20 5 2 CPS CANIN t P EEE A A A esctIp s pl nas E VEN
51. hat has been loaded info drivers info libs info sys List available debug drivers and their vendor device IDs List available debug driver libraries and their vendor IDs Print target system configuration GAISLER RESEARCH AB 48 GRMON User s Manual 7 4 Debug drivers GRMON uses a custom debug driver for each identified IP core in the target system The debug drivers can contain additional commands and also accept start up switches from the command line The table below lists the available drivers Driver Device ID Vendor ID Leon3 SPARC V8 Processor 0x003 0x01 Leon3 Debug Support Unit 0x004 0x01 AHB interface for 10 100 Mbit ethernet MAC 0x005 0x01 AHB APB Bridge 0x006 0x01 AHB Debug UART 0x007 0x01 32 bit PROM SRAM Controller 0x008 0x01 32 64 bit PC133 SDRAM Controller 0x009 0x01 Generic APB UART 0x00C 0x01 Multi processor Interrupt Ctrl 0x00D 0x01 AHB static ram 0x00E 0x01 Modular Timer Unit 0x011 0x01 32 bit PCI Target 0x012 0x01 Fast 32 bit PCI Bridge 0x014 0x01 PCI trace buffer 0x015 0x01 PCI AHB DMA controller 0x016 0x01 AHB trace buffer 0x017 0x01 Ethernet Debug Communication Link EDCL 0x018 0x01 LEON2 Memory Controller 0x00F 0x04 PCI Arbiter 0x010 0x04 Table 1 GRMON GRLIB debug drivers The sections below describes the internal commands and accepted start up switches to some of the debug driv ers GAISLER RESEARCH AB AQ GRMON User s Manual 7 5
52. ingle data value to flash address Table 2 GRMON Commands GAISLER RESEARCH 59 APPENDIX Command Target Description float all Display FPU registers gdb all Connect to the GNU debugger gdb go all Start execution at lt addr gt without initialisation hbreak addr dsu grlib Print breakpoints or add hardware breakpoint help cmd all Show available commands or usage for specific command hist trace_length all Show trace history In sim mode this command also enables the instruction tracing In dsu mode the tm command is icache all Show instruction cache init dsu grlib re initialise the processor inst trace_length all Show traced instructions leon dsu sim Show LEON registers load lt file gt all Load a file into memory The file should be in ELF32 srecords or a out format mem addr count all Alias for x examine memory Examine memory at at addr for count bytes mmu dsu Print mmu registers perf reset sim show reset performance statistics profile 011 all enable disable simple profiling No arguments shows the collected profiling statistics register reglwin val all Show set integer registers or windows eg re w2 reset all Reset the active backend restore sim Restore simulator state from file run dsu sim Run loaded application save file sim Save simulator state to file shell command
53. inter The given value will be aligned to nearest lower 256 byte boundary If no value is given the current value is printed tmode proc ahb both none Select tracing mode between none processor only AHB only or both va address Performs a virtual to physical translation of address When used with Gaisler Research s GR PCI XC2V LEON FPGA Development board the following com mands are also supported Note that flash has to be enabled with flash enable before any other flash com mands can be used GAISLER RESEARCH AB E 2 GRMON User s Manual flash Print the on board flash memory configuration flash disable Disable writing to flash flash enable Enable writing to flash flash erase addr all Erase a flash block at address addr or the complete flash memory all An address range is also support e g flash erase 0x1000 0x8000 flash lock addr all Lock a flash block at address addr or the complete flash memory all An address range is also support e g flash lock 0x1000 0x8000 flash lockdown addr all Lock down a flash block at address addr or the complete flash memory all An address range is also support e g flash lockdown 0x1000 0x8000 flash query Print the flash query registers flash status Print the flash lock status register flash unlock addr all Unock a flash block at address addr or the complete flash memory all An address range is also suppo
54. is an example from fp c struct cp interface test fpu GAISLER RESEARCH AB GRMON User s Manual ep init J ep init 7 NULL cp exit cp init cp reset cp init cp restart cp reg cp reg cp load cp load cp store cp store fpmeiko cp exec Gcpege J Gp ece amp fpregs fpstate cp status cp print cp print NULL cp command struct cp_interface cp 6 4 3 4 Example FPU The file fp c contains a complete SPARC FPU using the co processor interface It can be used as a template for implementation of other co processors Note that data dependency checking for correct timing is not imple mented in this version it is however implemented in the built in version of TSIM 6 5 Limitations On Windows platforms GRMON simulator backend is not capable of reading UART A B from the console only writing is possible If reading of UART A B is necessary the simulator should be started with nouart and emulation of the UARTs should be handled by the I O module GAISLER RESEARCH AB 2d Attach pointer 43 GRMON User s Manual 7 The GRLIB backend 7 1 Introduction 7 1 1 Overview The GRLIB backend is a debug monitor for GRLIB based system on chip SOC designs including the LEONG processor It provides the following generic functions e Auto probing and initialisation of GRLIB peripherals e Read write access to all registers and memor
55. ister This setting is necessary if runing linux or other programs that use the data exception trap tt 0x09 nosram Disable sram and map sdram from address 0x40000000 ram ram size Overrides the auto probed amount of static ram Size is given in Kbytes romrws waitstates Set waitstates number of waitstates for rom reads romwws waitstates Set waitstates number of waitstates for rom writes romws waitstates Set waitstates number of waitstates for both rom reads and writes ramrws waitstates Set waitstates number of waitstates for ram reads ramwws waitstates Set waitstates number of waitstates for ram writes ramws waitstates Set waitstates number of waitstates for both ram reads and writes pci Connect to the DSU using PCI device dev phob0 See uart option for description of how to connect to different devices stack stackval Set stackval as stack pointer for applications overriding the auto detected value uart device By default DS UMON communicates with the target using dev ttySO dev ttya on solaris This switch can be used to connect to the target using other devices e g uart dev cua0 Note that uart is also used when more than one board is handled by the phob driver e g GAISLER RESEARCH AB 93 5 GRMON User s Manual grmon i pci uart dev phobOafor Ist board grmon i pci uart dev phoblafor 2nd board u Put UART 1 in loop back mode and print its output on monitor console 5 3 Interactive mod
56. isters can also be written using wmem e g wmem 0x80000000 0x1234 6 3 9 Interrupt controller External interrupts are not implemented so the I O port interrupt register has no function Internal interrupts are generated as defined in the LEON specification All 15 interrupts can also be generated from the user defined I O module using the set irq callback 6 3 10 Power down mode The power down register 0x80000018 is implemented as in the specification A Ctrl C in the simulator win dow will exit the power down mode In power down mode the simulator skips time until the next event in the event queue thereby significantly increasing the simulation speed GAISLER RESEARCH AB 33 GRMON User s Manual 6 3 11 Memory emulation The memory configuration registers 1 2 are used to decode the simulated memory The memory configuration registers has to be programmed by software to reflect the available memory and the number and size of the memory banks This waitstates fields must also be programmed with the correct configuration after reset Using the banks option it is possible to set over how many ram banks the external ram is divided in Note that software compiled with LECCS and not run through mkprom must not use this option For mkprom encapsu lated programs it is essential that the same ram size and bank number setting is used for both mkprom and GRMON 6 3 12 SPARC V8 MUL DIV MAC instructions GRMON supports
57. it must be reloaded on the target before it can be re executed in order to re initialise the data segment data 3 2 2 Running applications in simulator mode To switch to simulator mode and run the same application issue the target command to switch backend and then do exactly as in dsu mode grmon dsu gt target sim LEON SPARC simulator backend version 1 0 professional version Copyright C 2001 Gaisler Research all rights reserved using 64 bit time serial port A on stdin stdout allocated 4096 K RAM memory in 1 bank s allocated 2048 K ROM memory GAISLER RESEARCH AB icache 1 4 kby dcache 1 4 kby LEON SPARC simulator backend Copyright C 20 using 64 bit time tes 16 bytes line tes 16 bytes line version 1 0 1ll 4 kbytes total 4 kbytes total professional version 01 Gaisler Research all rights reserved grmon sim gt load samples hello section text at 0x40000000 section data at 0x40003940 total size 16528 read 71 symbols grmon sim gt run resuming at 0x400 Hello world Program exited no grmon sim gt 00000 rmally size 14656 bytes size 1872 bytes bytes 306741 0 kbit s 3 3 Inserting breakpoints and watchpoints Instruction breakpoints are inserted using the break or hbreak commands 3 3 1 DSU GRMON User s Manual The break command inserts a software breakpoint ta 1 while hbreak will insert a hardware breakpoint using one of th
58. lled once on exit void cp reset called on processor reset void cp restart called on simulator restart uint32 cp reg int reg uint32 data int read int cp load int reg uint32 data int hold int cp store int reg uint32 data int hold int cp exec uint32 pc uint32 inst int hold int cp cec int co int hold get condition codes int cp status unit status void ep print 0 print registers int command char cmd CP specific commands 6 4 3 2 Structure elements void cp init 0 Called once on simulator startup Set to NULL if not used void cp exit 0 Called once on simulator exit Set to NULL if not used void cp reset 0 Called every time the processor is reset Set to NULL if not used void cp restart Called every time the simulator is restarted Set to NULL if not used uint32 cp reg int reg uint32 data int read Used by the simulator to perform diagnostics read and write to the FPU CP registers Calling cp reg should not have any side effects on the FPU CP status reg indicates which register to access 0 31 indicates f0 96 31 96c0 31 34 indicates fsr csr read indicates read or write access read 0 indicates write access read 0 indicates read access Written data is passed in data the return value contains the read value on read accesses GAISLER RESEARCH AB 41 GRMON
59. ly grmon sim gt aprof function samples ratio start 135242 48 44 Start 131006 46 92 main 130790 46 84 mulsf3 77355 27 70 rInnerproduct 54288 19 44 Mm 54200 19 41 Fft 47447 16 99 unpack f 47254 16492 Oscar 46411 16 62 pack f 34102 12 21 addsf3 29967 10 73 divdi3 28324 10 14 muldi3 18526 6 63 umul 17824 6 38 Subsf3 15547 5 56 Fit 15188 5 44 Trial 11523 4 12 Puzzle 11004 3 94 a lot more output grmon sim gt 6 3 Emulation characteristics 6 3 1 Timing The simulator backend is cycle true i e a simulator time is maintained and incremented according processor instruction timing and memory latency Tracing using the trace command will display the current simulator time in the left column This time indicates when the instruction is fetched Cache misses waitstates or data dependencies will delay the following fetch according to the incurred delay 6 3 2 UARTS If the baudrate register is written by the application software the UARTS will operate with correct timing If the baudrate is left at the default value or if the fast uart switch was used the UARTS operate at infinite speed This means that the transmitter holding register always is empty and a transmitter empty interrupt is generated directly after each write to the transmitter data register The receivers can never overflow or generate errors Note that with correct UART timing it is possible that the last character of a program is not displa
60. ly grmon sim gt prof function unpack f mulsf3 pack f divdi3 umul Fit muldi3 wWindow overflow Insert addsf3 _window_underflow subsf3 Fft start Innerproduct Bubble rlInnerproduct Place Remove Try Permute Quicksort div Push a lot more output samples 23627 22673 17051 14162 8912 7594 6453 3779 3392 3327 2734 2409 2207 2165 2014 1767 1443 1371 1335 1275 1125 995 841 657 126 15 ratio 16 16 wok 10 128 44 62 70 42 38 95 72 58 sro 44 26 03 98 95 494 80 71 60 47 12 D C Oo O Co OF FFF FE FP NN BS Sin 92 24 14 GRMON User s Manual GAISLER RESEARCH AB GRMON User s Manual 4 GDB interface 4 1 Attaching to gdb 16 GRMON can act as a remote target for gdb allowing symbolic debugging of target applications To initiate gdb communications start the monitor with the gdb switch or use the GRMON gdb command john8 pluto tmp grmon grmon gdb GRMON The LEON multi purpose monitor v1 0 Copyright C 2004 For latest updates go to http www gaisler com Comments or bug reports to grmon gaisler com Gaisler Research all rights reserved LEON DSU Monitor backend 1 0 professional version Copyright C 2003 Comments or bug reports to jiri gaisler com Gaisler Research all rights reserved using port dev ttyS0 115200 baud processor fre
61. n be typed in both GDB and GRMON windows The program can be restarted using the GDB run command but a load has first to be executed to reload the program image on the target Software trap 1 ta 1 is used by gdb to insert breakpoints and should not be used by the application 4 3 Detaching If gdb is detached using the detach command the monitor returns to the command prompt and the program can be debugged using the standard GRMON commands The monitor can also be re attached to gdb by issu ing the gdb command to the monitor and the target command to gdb GRMON translates SPARC traps into unix signals which are properly communicated to gdb If the applica tion encounters a fatal trap execution will be stopped exactly before the failing instruction The target memory and register values can then be examined in gdb to determine the error cause 4 4 Specific GDB optimisation 4 4 1 Some gdb support functions GRMON detects gdb access to register window frames in memory which are not yet flushed and only reside in the processor register file When such a memory location is read GRMON will read the correct value from the register file instead of the memory This allows gdb to form a function traceback without any intrusive modi fication of memory This feature is disabled during debugging of code where traps are disabled since not valid stack frame exist at that point GAISLER RESEARCH AB 19 GRMON User s Manual GRMON detects
62. nce you switch target you need to reload the program and restart the application The state is not saved during monitor target switch john pluto tmp grmon 0 1 sparc rtems gdb GNU gdb 5 3 Copyright 2002 Free Software Foundation Inc GDB is free software covered by the GNU General Public License and you are welcome to change it and or distribute copies of it under certain conditions Type show copying to see the conditions There is absolutely no warranty for GDB Type show warranty for details This GDB was configured as gdb file samples hello Reading symbols from samples hello done gdb target extended remote pluto 2222 Remote debugging using pluto 2222 0x4000lea0 in strlen gdb lo Loading section text size 0x3940 lma 0x40000000 Loading section data size 0x750 lma 0x40003940 Start address 0x40000000 load size 16528 Transfer rate 66112 bits sec 275 bytes write gdb break main Breakpoint 1 at 0x40001ac8 file hello c line 4 gdb run The program being debugged has been started already host i686 pc linux gnu target sparc tsim elf Start it from the beginning y or n y Starting program home john samples hello Breakpoint 1 main at hello c 4 4 printf Hello world n gdb monitor target LEON SPARC simulator backend version 1 0 professional version Copyright C 2001 Gaisler Research all rights reserved using 64 bit time serial port A on stdin stdout allocated 4096 K RAM
63. ny FP instruction will generate an FPdisabled trap nomac Disable LEON MAC instruction nov8 Disable SPARC V8 MUL DIV instructions notimers Disable the LEON timer unit nouart Disable emulation of UARTS All access to UART registers will be routed to the I O mod ule ram ram_size Sets the amount of simulated RAM Kbyte Default is 4096 If set to 0 sram is disabled disable available on LEON only sdram sdram_size Sets the amount of simulated SDRAM Default is 0 To use SDRAM relevant memory con figuration registers must be initialised LEON only rom rom_size Sets the amount of simulated ROM Kbyte Default is 2048 rom8 rom16 By default the prom area at reset time is considered to be 32 bit Specifying rom8 or rom16 will initialise the memory width field in the memory configuration register to 8 or 16 bits The only visible difference is in the instruction timing uart 1 2 device GAISLER RESEARCH AB 6 2 2 Commands specific for the simulator backend These are the commands only available in the simulator backend 29 GRMON User s Manual By default UART1 is connected to stdin stdout and UART 2 is disconnected This switch can be used to connect the uarts to other devices E g uartl dev ptypc will attach UARTI to ptypc aprof 017 period bt cp event Enable disable accumulative profiling see Profiling on page 30 Print backtrace Shows the registers of the
64. oid exit Called once on simulator exit Set to NULL if unused void reset Called every time the processor is reset i e also startup Set to NULL if unused void restart Called every time the simulator is restarted simtime set to zero Set to NULL if unused int read struct ahb access ahbacc GAISLER RESEARCH AB Z 39 m GRMON User s Manual Processor AHB read The processor always reads one or more 32 bit words from the AHB bus The ahb_access structure contains the access parameters access addr read address access data pointer to the first read data access ws should return the number of AHB waitstates used for the complete access access rnum number of words read 1 8 access wsize not used during read cycles access cache should return 1 if the access is cacheable else 0 Return values 0 access succeeded 1 access failed generate memory exception 1 undecoded area continue to decode address I O module or LEON registers int write struct ahb access ahbacc Processor AHB write The processor can write 1 2 4 or 8 bytes per access The access parameters are as for read with the following changes access data pointer to first write data access rnum not used acess wsize defines write size as follows 0 byte 1 half word 2 word 3 double word Return values as for read char get io ptr unsigned int addr int size During file load oper
65. ommands On success CommandParser should return 0 and on error the return value should be gt 200 On error grmon will print out the error number for diagnostics argv 0 is the command itself and argc is the number of tokens including the command that is supplied Commands should be a list of available commands used for command completion e NumCommands should be the number of entries in Commands It is crusial that this number matches the number of entries in Commands If NumCommands is set to O zero no command completion will be done A simple example of a command module is supplied with the professional version of grmon 3 9 Simple Profiling Grmon has support for a simple form of profiling profiling in both dsu and simulator mode In simulator mode a more sophisticated version of profiling is also available see Profiling on page 30 The simple version of profiling merely collects information of in which function the program currently exe cutes It does not take into consideration if the current function is called from within another procedure Nether the less having this in mind is could provide some useful information grmon sim gt profile 1 Profiling enabled grmon sim gt run resuming at 0x40000000 Starting Perm Towers Queens Intmm Mm Puzzle Quick Bubble Tree FFT 50 33 17 116 1100 217 33 34 266 934 GAISLER RESEARCH AB Nonfloating point composite is Floating point composite is Program exited normal
66. on of GRLIB Addtional user defined drivers can be loaded dynamically through the used of loadable modules The format of the loadable modules will be explained in a later version of this document GAISLER RESEARCH AB 44 GRMON User s Manual 7 2 Start up options To start GRMON with the GRLIB backend always use the grlib switch grmon grlib The default communications method is to use the host s serial port and connect to the AHB uart of the target system Connecting using PCI or ethernet can be performed using the switches listed below eth Connect using ethernet Requires the EDCL core to be present in the target system pci Connect to the DSU using PCI device dev phobO See uart option for description of how to connect to different devices 7 2 1 Connecting to the AHB uart To succefully attach GRMON using the AHB uart first connect the serial cable between the uart connectors on target board and the host system Then power up and reset the target board and start GRMON Use the uart option in case the target is not connected to the first uart port of your host Below is a list of start up switches applicable for the AHB uart interface baud baudrate Use baudrate for the DSU serial link By default 115200 baud is used Possible baud rates are 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 230400 460800 Rates above 115200 need special uart hardware on both host and target ibaud baudrate Use baudrate to determine the t
67. ons the value within brackets denotes the instruction result or in the case of store instructions the store address and store data The value in the first column displays the relative time equal to the DSU timer The time is taken when the instruction completes in the last pipeline stage write back of the processor In a mixed instruction AHB display AHB address and read or write value appear within brackets The time indicates when the transfer completed i e when HREADY was asserted Note when switching between tracing modes the contents of the trace buffer will not be valid until execution has been resumed and the buffer refilled 5 3 3 Forwarding application console output If GRMON is started with u the LEON UART1 will be placed in loop back mode with flow control enabled During the execution of an application the UART receiver will be regularly polled and all application console output will be printed on the GRMON console It is then not necessary to connect a separate terminal to UART1 to see the application output NOTE the applications must be compiled with LECCS 1 1 5 or later and LEON processor 1 0 4 or later must be used for this function to work 5 4 MMU support If the LEON MMU is configured and enabled GRMON performs automatic virtual to physical address trans lation when displaying disassembly and memory contents Writing to memory using wmem is always done using the physical address GAISLER RESEARCH AB 227
68. otal size 16528 bytes in 1 sec read 71 symbols grmon sim gt breakpoint 1 grmon sim gt resuming at breakpoint 1 grmon sim gt pc 0 0x40001 1 0x40001 2 0x40001 break _puts_r at Ox40001dcc _puts_r run 0x40000000 puts r 0x40001dcc bt sp dcc 0x403ffd10 puts_r 0x0 e3c 0x403ffd98 puts 0x8 208 0x403ffe00 _start 0x60 GAISLER RESEARCH AB GRMON User s Manual GAISLER RESEARCH AB 30 3 0x40001014 0x403ffe40 start 0x1014 grmon sim gt 6 2 4 Check pointing The professional version of the simulator backend can save and restore its complete state allowing to resume simulation from a saved check point Saving the state is done with the save command grmon sim gt save file name The state is save to file name tss To restore the state use the restore command grmon sim restore file name The state will be restored from file name tss Restore directly at startup can be performed with the rest file name command line switch Note that GRMON command line options are not stored such as alternate UART devices etc 6 2 5 Profiling The profiling function calculates the amount of execution time spent in each subroutine of the simulated pro gram This is made without intervention or instrumentation of the code by periodically sample the execution point and the associated call tree Cycles in the call graph are properly handled as well as sections of the code where no stack
69. points watchpoints and the trace buffer john pluto tmp grmon 0 1 grmon i GRMON The LEON multi purpose monitor v1 0 Copyright C 2004 Gaisler Research all rights reserved For latest updates go to http www gaisler com Comments or bug reports to grmon gaisler com LEON GRLIB backend 1 0 professional version Copyright C 2003 Gaisler Research all rights reserved Comments or bug reports to jiri gaisler com GAISLER RESEARCH AB GRMON User s Manual grmon grlib gt lo samples stanf section text at 0x40000000 data at 0x4000a0d0 total size 43072 bytes 94 2 read 158 symbols section grmon grlib gt tm both combined processor AHB tracing grmon grlib gt break F Eft Fit fflush free grmon grlib break Fft grmon grlib watch 0x4000a50 grmon grlib gt bre num address type 1 0x40003608 soft 2 0x4000a500 watch grmon dsu run watchpoint 2 free 0x1c8 0x grmon grlib gt ah time address type 239371457 400042c4 read 239371459 400042c8 read 239371461 400042cc read 239371463 400042d0 read 239371465 400042d4 read 239371467 400042d8 read 239371469 400042dc read 239371472 4000a4fc read 239371480 4000a4fc write 239371481 90000000 read grmon grlib gt in time address instruc 239371441 40004254 cmp 1 239371446 40004258 be 0x4 239371451 4000425c st 00 239371456 400042b4 sethi 239371457 400042b8 ld 1 239371473 400042bc ld o 239371475 400042c0 cmp o 239371476 400042c4
70. quency 99 53 MHz register windows 8 v8 hardware mul div yes floating point unit meiko instruction cache data cache hardware breakpoints trace buffer stack pointer gdb interface gdb 1 8 kbytes 1 8 kbytes 4 256 lines Ox400ffffL0 using port 2222 target extended remote pluto 2222 Remote debugging using pluto 2222 0x40000800 in start gdb gdb monitor hist 32 bytes line 32 bytes line 8 kbytes total 8 kbytes total mixed cpu ahb tracing Then start gdb in a different window and connect to GRMON using the extended remote protocol While attached normal GRMON commands can be executed using the gdb monitor command Output from the GRMON commands such as the trace buffer history is then displayed in the gdb console time address instruction result 4484188 40001e90 add g2 02 g3 6e1f766e 4484194 40001e94 andn g3 g2 g2 001 0000 4484195 40001e98 andcc g2 00 g0 00000000 4484196 40001le9c be a 0Ox40001e8c 40001e3c 4484197 40001ea0 add fol 4 01 40003818 4484198 4000le8c ld 01 g2 726c6421 4484200 40001e90 add g2 02 93 716b6320 4484201 40001e94 andn g3 g2 g2 01030300 4484202 40001e98 andcc g2 00 g0 00000000 4484203 40001le9c be a 0Ox40001e8c 40001e3c GAISLER RESEARCH AB On Wee GRMON User s Manual It is also possible to switch backend within a gdb session by sending the target command to grmon All break points will remain However o
71. r of sets in the LEON data cache Allowed values are 1 default 4 Sets the replacement algorithm for the LEON data cache Allowed values are rnd default for random replacement lru for the least recently used replacement algorithm and lru for Least recently replacement algorithm 1 SPARC is a registred trademark of SPARC International GAISLER RESEARCH AB 28 GRMON User s Manual freq system_clock Sets the simulated system clock MHz Will affect UART timing and performance statis tics Default is 50 fast_uart Run UARTS at infinite speed rather than with correct slow baud rate fpm fp_module Use fp_module as loadable FPU module rather than the default fp so icsize size Defines the set size kbytes of the LEON icache Allowed values are 1 64 in binary steps isets sets Defines the number of sets in the LEON instruction cache Allowed values are 1 default 4 ilock Enable instruction cache line locking Default is disabled iom io_module Use io_module as loadable I O module rather than the default io so ilsize size Sets the line size of the LEON instruction cache in bytes Allowed values are 8 16 or 32 irepl repl Sets the replacement algorithm for the LEON instruction cache Allowed values are rnd default for random replacement lru for the least recently used replacement algorithm and lrr for least recently replacement algorithm nfp Disables the FPU to emulate system without FP hardware A
72. rmon in GRLIB mode Start grmon in simulator mode Reads commands from file instead of stdin Force a system probe and initialise LEON memory and peripherals settings Do not initialise memory if i is set Listen for gdb connection directly at start up Set the port number for gdb communications Default is 2222 Turn on verbose mode debug 1 Turn on extra verbose mode debug 2 Load a user command module professional only Program the Xilinx FPGA using the Xilinx programming pod parallel cable III IV in slave serial mode If neither dsu or sim is specified grmon will exit after programming This feature is only available on linux and grmon has to be executed with root privileges Thus if this feature is desired it is suggested setting the suid bit on the grmon executable and making root the owner i e chown root root grmon chmod s grmon file must be a valid Xilinx bitfile Executable files to be loaded into memory The input file is loaded into the target memory according to the entry point for each segment Recognized formats are elf32 and S record Each backend also accepts a number of different options which are described in 5 2 4 page 21 for the DSU backend and 6 2 1 page 27 for the simulator backend In addition the debug drivers in the GRLIB backend can also accept command line options GAISLER RESEARCH AB GRMON User s Manual 3 Interactive mode Here follows a description on how to use grmon in
73. rt e g flash unlock 0x1000 0x8000 flash write lt addr gt lt data gt Write a 32 bit data word to the flash at address addr 5 3 2 Using the trace buffer Depending on the LEON configuration the trace buffer can store the last executed instruction the last AHB bus transfers or both The trace buffer mode is set using the tmode command Use the ahb inst or hist com mands to display the contents of the buffer Below is an example debug session that shows the usage of break points watchpoints and the trace buffer john pluto tmp grmon 0 1 grmon i GRMON The LEON multi purpose monitor v1 0 Copyright C 2004 Gaisler Research all rights reserved For latest updates go to http www gaisler com Comments or bug reports to grmon gaisler com LEON DSU Monitor backend 1 0 professional version Copyright C 2003 Gaisler Research all rights reserved Comments or bug reports to jiri gaisler com using port dev ttyS0 115200 baud processor frequency 99 53 MHz register windows 8 v8 hardware mul div yes floating point unit meiko instruction cache 1 8 kbytes 32 bytes line 8 kbytes total GAISLER RESEARCH AB 25 GRMON User s Manual data cache 1 8 kbytes 32 bytes line 8 kbytes total hardware breakpoints 4 trace buffer 256 lines mixed cpu ahb tracing sram width o 32 bits sram banks IX sram bank size 1024 kbytes sdram 1 64 Mbyte 0x60000000 sdram parameters column bits 9
74. the SPARC V8 multiply divide and MAC instruction To correctly emulate LEON proces sors which do not implement these instructions use the nomac to disable the MAC instruction or nov8 to disable multiply and divide instructions 6 4 Loadable modules 6 4 1 The simulator backend I O emulation interface User defined I O devices can be loaded into the simulator through the use of loadable modules As the real pro cessor the simulator primarily interacts with the emulated device through read and write requests while the emulated device can optionally generate interrupts and DMA requests This is implemented through module interface described below The interface is made up of two parts one that is exported by GRMON and defines simulator functions and data structures that can be used by the I O device and one that is exported by the I O device and allows GRMON to access the I O device Address decoding of the I O devices is straight forward all access that do not map on the internally emulated memory and control registers are forwarded to the I O module The simulator backend exports two structures simif and ioif The simif structure defines functions and data structures belonging to the simulator core while ioif defines functions provided by system LEON emulation At start up if GRMON is started with the in simulator mode it searches for io so in the current directory but the location of the module can be specified using the iom swit
75. the insertion of gdb breakpoints in form of the ta I instruction When a breakpoint is inserted the corresponding instruction cache tag is examined and if the memory location was cached the tag is cleared to keep memory and cache synchronised 4 5 Limitations of gdb interface For optimal operation gdb 5 3 configured for grmon should be used provided with RCC and BCC compilers Do not use the gdb where command in parts of an application where traps are disabled e g trap handlers Since the stack pointer is not valid at this point gdb might go into an infinite loop trying to unwind false stack frames GAISLER RESEARCH AB 20 GRMON User s Manual 5 The DSU backend 5 1 General The DSU backend is a debug monitor for the LEON2 processor debug support unit It includes the following functions e Read write access to all LEON registers and memory Built in disassembler and trace buffer management Downloading and execution of LEON applications Breakpoint and watchpoint management Remote connection to GNU debugger gdb e Auto probing and initialisation of LEON peripherals and memory settings When referring to GRMON in this section it implies the simulator backend only 5 2 Operation 5 2 1 Overview The LEON DSU can be controlled through any AHB master and the DSU backend supports communications through the dedicated DSU uart or if available a PCI interface 5 2 2 Starting GRMON DSU using the DSU
76. tion is always active when any protocol is loaded and a HASP4 Net key is con ected To deactivate it select Exit from the main menu GAISLER RESEARCH APPENDIX SES A 2 3 OnLinux station Before installing the LM you must install the HASP driver and aksusbd daemon Follow the installation instructions in the README file provided in the linux directory If you re using SuSE 7 3 or 8 0 you can install the following SuSE RPM package rpm i hasplm suse 8 08 1 i386 rpm It you re using RedHat 7 2 or 7 3 you can install the following RedHat RPM package rpm i hasplm redhat 8 08 1 1386 rpm It you re running a different Linux distribution you must install the HASP LM manually Unpack the archive using tar xzf path linux hasplm 8 08 tar gz This will create a linux hasplm 8 08 directory Change into this directory and execute as root dinst This will install the LM and arrange the system startup scripts so that the LM will automatically start at system boot If you have any firewall software installed please make sure that traffic to from port 475 udp is permitted Depending on the Linux version you can use the ipfwadm or ipchains utilities to query change the filrewall set tings GAISLER RESEARCH AB 58 APPENDIX APPENDIX B GRMON Command description Command Target Description ahb trace_length dsu grlib Show AHB trace aprof 011
77. uart To succefully attach GRMON with the DSU backend using a uart first connect the serial cable between the tar get board and the host system then power up and reset the target board and finally start GRMON Use the uart option in case the DSU is not connected to dev ttySO of your host Note that the DSUEN signal on the LEON processor has to be asserted for the DSU to operate When the DSU backend first connects to the target a check is made to see if the system has been initialised with respect to memory UART and timer settings If no initialisation has been made debug mode entered directly after reset the system first has to be initialised before any application can run This is performed auto matically by probing for available memory banks and detecting the system frequency The initialisation can also be forced by giving the i switch at startup The de tected system settings are printed on the console john pluto tmp grmon grmon i GRMON The LEON multi purpose monitor v1 0 Copyright C 2004 Gaisler Research all rights reserved For latest updates go to http www gaisler com Comments or bug reports to grmon gaisler com LEON DSU Monitor backend 1 0 professional version Copyright C 2003 Gaisler Research all rights reserved Comments or bug reports to jiri gaisler com using port dev ttyS0 115200 baud GAISLER RESEARCH AB GRMON User s Manual processor frequency register windows v8 hardware mul
78. y Programming of FLASH memories Remote connection to GNU debugger gdb The GRLIB backend is similar to the LEON2 DSU backend a connection to a GRLIB SOC system can be made through any on chip AHB master for which a communications module is available Currently the GRLIB backend supports target communications through the serial port AHB UART through PCI and via ethernet using the EDCL communication link in GRLIB Operation is identical regardless of which communi cations module is used but the data transfer rate will obviously vary When referring to GRMON in this section it implies the GRLIB backend only 7 1 2 GRLIB debugging concept In a GRLIB based SOC design all on chip IP cores provide plug amp play information to the central AHB arbiter that allows any AHB master to identify the system configuration The configuration information is typically stored at AHB address Oxfffff000 containing one 8 word record per device When GRMON is attached to a GRLIB SOC device it starts by reading the device configuration and then loads a debug driver for each on chip IP core A debug driver contains initialisation functions and user commands specific for that core In this way GRMON can dynamically detect and control any GRLIB system regardless of which addresses the cores are mapped on how many they are or how they are configured The standard release of GRMON contains debug drivers for most cores coming with the open source versi
79. yed on the console This can happen if the program forces the processor in error mode thereby terminating the simulation before the last character has been shifted out from the transmitter shift register To avoid this an application should poll the UART status register and not force the processor in error mode before the transmitter shift reg isters are empty The real hardware does not exhibit this problem since the UARTs continue to operate even when the processor is halted GAISLER RESEARCH AB 2413 GRMON User s Manual 6 3 3 FPU The simulator maps floating point operations on the hosts floating point capabilities This means that accuracy and generation of IEEE exceptions is host dependent The simulator implements to some extent data depen dant execution timing as in the real MEKIO FPU 6 3 4 Delayed write to special registers The SPARC architecture defines that a write to the special registers Vopsr Yowim tbr fsr y may have up to 3 delay cycles meaning that up to 3 of the instructions following a special register write might not see the newly written value due to pipeline effects While LEON have between 2 and 3 delay cycles the GRMON simulator backend has 0 This does not affect simulation accuracy or timing as long as the SPARC ABI recom mendations are followed that each special register write must always be followed by three NOP If the three NOP are left out the software might fail on real hardware while still

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