PEI-20000 SYSTEM USER'S MANUAL
Contents
1. 23 Fl sn xxl ee nec em eu The module position number shown paranthesis apply to the 20098 Carrier only NOTE Le Lo e lt o T z s PCI 20000 SYSTEM 855M131D UMI 855M131 Chapter 2 Getting Started MODULE INSTALLATION CARRIER NYLON STANDOFF MODULE STANDOFF ORIENTATION STEP END PLUGS INTO MODULE RAMP END PLUGS INTO CARRIER 20000 SYSTEM 855M131E UMI Figure 2 4 Module installation 855M131 2 11 PCI 20000 System Manual 855M131F UMI 20000 SYSTEM 101810 YALNdNOD INTERFACE CABLE TO FROM MODULE DIGITAL 1 0 CABLES TO FROM CARRIER CONNECTOR KEY CABLE CONNECTOR KEYED SHROUDED HEADER NOT USED ON ALL MODULES Figure 2 5 Proper orientation of cables 2 12 855 131 Chapter 2 Getting Started PCI 20000 SYSTEM 855M131G UMI Figure 2 6 Threading cables through the bracket 855M131 2 13 Figure 2 7 Installing the Carrier in the computer Chapter 2 Getting Started INN ILE LNSSS WALSAS 00002 YALNdWNOD 40 17 91 ST3NNVHO 0 1 GL O STANNVHO S318VO O l IWLISIA 700 Figure 2 8 20041 connectors P5 and P6 2 15 855 131 PCI 20000 System Manual 7 p PAN HEAD SCREW PE P2. most significant bit The value of this number in ordinary decimal notation can be calculated as follows starting with the least significant bit 0 2 1 21 1 22 0 23 1 25 0 1 1 2 1 4 0 8 1 16 22 Bits can be grouped to represent larger numbers in several ways The smallest commonly used size for such groups is eight bits called a byte With eight bits any number from 0 to 255 can be represented A pair of bytes together form a 16 bit entity called a word and can represent any number from 0 to 65 535 Eight bit bytes have become standards for processors used in inexpensive microcomputers These 8 bit processors can manipulate eight bits of data at a time and can usually select any of 65 536 different bytes with a 16 bit counter A bit sequence can also be given other interpretations A byte can represent any one of 256 different values or quantities which may or may not correspond to numbers One common choice is to represent numbers from 128 to 127 rather than from 0 to 255 Bytes are frequently used to stand for text characters All upper and lower case letters numbers punctuation and many special symbols can be easily represented in this fashion Several codes have been devised to represent text characters as numbers the most commonly used of which is the American Standard Code for 855M131 Appendix A Introductory Concepts Information Interchange ASCII This code represents
3. 2 13 Figure 2 7 Installing the Carrier in the computer 2 14 Figure 2 8 PCI 20041C connectors P5 2 15 Figure 2 9 Attaching the bracket tothe PCI 20041C 2 16 Figure 2 10 An exploded view of an installed system 2 17 Figure 2 11 Installing the cableclampingplate 2 18 Figure 2 12 20098 connectors P2 2 19 Figure 3 1 PCI 20001C and 20041 Bus Figure 3 2 PCI 20098C 13 Bus Chapter 1 Introduction Congratulations on your purchase of a PCI 20000 System You will soon find that it will give you the most flexible and configurable single board data acquisition and control system available for the IBM PC tm computer and IBM compatibles The 20000 System allows you to specify exactly the configuration you need for your job and buy only that While most other manufacturers decide for you what mix of digital and analog inputs and outputs your instrumentation application requires we let you decide for yourself If your needs change your system can change with them without jeopardizing your initial investment The PCI 20000 Philosophy The key concept of the PCI 20000 System is modularity The system hardware consists of two main types of components the Carrier and the Instrument Modules The Carrier handles all the interfacing to the personal compu
4. 128 different characters and special symbols using seven bits with the eighth bit used as a parity or error detec tion code Bytes can be grouped together to represent larger numbers or more complicated quantities For example a word two bytes can represent a number from 0 to 65 535 or from 32 768 to 32 767 A sequence of several bytes might be used to represent a complex instruction to the CPU A 3 Data Signals The purpose of your 20000 System is to translate real world data into a form which your computer and you can understand Real world data signals may take a wide variety of forms voltage current resistance temperature light intensity weight and so on In general the signals fall into one of two categories digital signals and analog signals Digital signals which would be more accurately described as binary signals are signals which exist in one of two states variously referred to as on or off high or low true or false Digital input signals might be generated by switches or alarms Digital output signals might be used to turn equipment on and off or to generate pulses to control a stepping motor Data are represented internally as voltage levels in the computer so all signals must ultimately be represented as voltage levels appropriate to the computer circuitry Most microcomputers today use TTL transistor transistor logic and a 5 volt power supply Signal levels must be at least 2 0 volts in order to b
5. A9 RSV0 RSVD H5 RSVD H4 BRD H2 BRST RSVD H1 2IRQOs RSVD ls 9 RSVD 2SYNC OUT 18 DGND penn ft W 15V Pa Qa 01A 15 4 3 N C 08 159 2 Me amp l M PCI 20000 SYSTEM B55M1310 UMI 855M131 Appendix A Introductory Concepts In order to get the most from your PCI 20000 System you will need some under standing of computer terminology bits bytes registers and addresses and signal interfacing analog and digital signals signal levels and so on This Appendix is provided for PCI 20000 users who are new to computers or computer based in strumentation or who may wish a review of some of these topics A 1 Computer Architecture Any computer is composed of three basic sections a Central Processing Unit or CPU memory and peripherals The CPU communicates with the memory and peripherals over a set of lines or electrical connections called a bus These lines may be wires traces on a PC board or internal connections in an integrated circuit The different parts of the computer communicate over the bus by setting the voltage levels of the bus lines The CPU is the part of the computer that actually runs programs It reads program instructions and data from memory performs operations on data and stores the results of operations into memory It also controls the peripherals sending
6. B BDO BD7 Data Bits 0 through 7 nME Module Enable A low on this line enables the Module to be read from or written to This signal is not bused 0 nMPR Module Present This line is grounded by the insertion of an Instrument Module This signal is not bused BAO BA3 Address Lines 0 through 3 4 9 Address Lines 4 through 9 nlos VO Select Tied to the line in this implementation This signal is not bused BRD Read This line in conjunction with a valid indicates data is to be read from the Module to the computer BWRT Write This line in conjunction with a valid indicates that data is to be written from the computer to the Module BRST Reset A high on this line initializes all Modules to a known state BCLK Clock Driven by the 4 77 MHz clock from the computer 0 Interrupt Request 0 Indicates that the Module needs service Interrupts to the computer are enabled or disabled on the Carrier This signal is not bused nSYNCIN Synchronization Input Used to synchronize the operation of two or more modules This signal is not bused 0 nSYNCOUT Synchronization Output Used for synchronizing Instrument operation This signal is not bused nlOb Analog input pair 0 Used as a 10V analog input to the Module This pair is not bused comes from the pair of the previous Module nita ni1b Analog input pair 1 Used as 10V analog input to the Module
7. This pair is not bused comes from the O1a b pair of the previous Module 0 nOOb Analog output pair 0 10V output from the Module This pair is not bused It goes to the I0a b pair of the next module 0 1 n01b Analog output pair 1 10V output from the Module This pair is not bused It goes to the I0a b pair of the next module 5V Five volts digital power two lines DGND Digital Ground two lines 15V Plus fifteen volts analog power 15V Minus fifteen volts analog power AGND Analog Ground Not connected to DGND on Instrument Modules 3 2 855M131 Chapter 3 System Configuration 3 2 Signal Interfacing The external electronic signals that must be dealt with by your computer system fall into two basic categories digital and analog A digital signal is one that exists in one of two states on or off An analog signal is a value which varies continuously over some range We will describe five basic types of I O which can be implemented with the PCI 20000 System These are digital input digital output analog input analog output and special purpose I O In order to use the PCI 20000 System effectively for instrumentation or control the user must have an understanding of the signal requirements of the Instrument Modules as well as the characteristics of the signals in the system being controlled Some applications may require little more in the way of interfacing than a Termina tion Pa
8. growing 855 131 1 1 PCI 20000 System Manual The entire nature of the system can be changed simply by changing the number type or arrangement of the Instrument Modules included in the system Each Module has an identification code which can be read by the computer so the computer can learn any particular configuration of the system Since each Carrier can hold up to two or three Instrument Modules and Modules can be mixed and matched with very few restrictions the number of different possible systems is very large A few of the possibilities include 128 channel digital 0 system e a 64 channel single ended analog input system with 32 bits of digital I O e a complete data acquisition and control system with 8 low level differentia analog inputs 2 analog outputs 4 channels of counter timers one rate generator and 16 channels of digital 1 0 Configuring any of the above system examples does not preclude any different configuration later and that is one of the strengths of the PCI 20000 System Since any Module may be plugged in or removed at any time one Carrier and an assortment of Modules could be used to configure a different system for every application Although variability flexibility and versatility are key features an additional benefit of the PCI 20000 System usually mutually exclusive with all these fea tures is optimization for a single task If you have a dedicated application which requires a
9. unit Optical ly Isolated Termination Panels allow you to monitor and control vol tages which can be extremely dangerous The maximum AC voltage which can be monitored or controlled is 140VRMS in itself a potential ly lethal level In addition you may have a large common mode signal depending on your application of up to 4000V RMS To be safe al ways remove power from the system under test before touching any field wiring Only qualified technicians should install or modify field wiring PCI 20000 System Manual FCC Radio Frequency Interference Statement This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and may cause inter ference to radio or television reception Per FCC rules Part 15 Subpart J operation of this equipment is subject to the conditions that harmful interference is caused and that interference must be accepted that may be caused by other incidental or restricted radiation devices industrial scientific or medical equipment or from any authorized radio user The operator of a computing device may be required to stop operating his device upon a finding that the device is causing harmful interference and it is in the public interest to stop operation until the interference problem has been corrected The user of this equipment is responsible for any interference to radio or television reception caused by the equipment It is the responsibility of the user to correct such interference iii
10. very gentle and take your time to work the connectors apart keeping the Module approximately parallel with the Carrier as it unplugs 10 Snap the nylon standoff into the mating hole in the Carrier 11 Locate the interface cable s for the Module The computer ends of the analog cables are marked COMPUTER 12 Plug the cable s into the mating connector s on the Module Refer to Fig 2 5 for the proper orientation of the cable connectors 13 Repeat steps 8 through 12 for the Module that is going into position 2 Make sure that its cables lie over the top surface of the previously installed Module and its cables 14 Repeat steps 8 through 12 to install the third Module in position 3 if available 15 Label the free ends of the cables for later connection to the appropriate termina tion panels INSTALLING THE PCI 20001C 2 CARRIER NOTE If you have a PCI 20001C 1 Carrier a PCI 20041C Carrier or a PCI 20098C Carrier skip this step and proceed to step 17 If you have a PCI 20001C 2 Carrier perform this step and then skip to step 19 16 Set the Carrier assembly in a convenient place near the left side of the computer and feed the digital signal cable s attached to the Carrier through the bracket inside to outside at your chosen slot See figure 2 6 Be sure the cables are not twisted and will be able to lie flat when the Carrier has been installed Hold the Carrier over the slot Feed all but about one f
11. PCI 20000 System Manual Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Getting Started 2 1 Introduction 2 2 System Preparation 2 3 Preparing Modules 2 3 1 Analog Daisy Chain 2 3 2 SYNC Signals 2 4 Installing the 20000 System OPENING YOUR COMPUTER SELECTING A PLACE TO PUT YOUR CARRIER INSTALLING THE FIRST STRAIN RELIEF BRACKET INSTALLING THE CARD GUIDE INSTALLING THE DIGITAL I O CABLES ON THE 20001 2 CARRIER INSTALLING THE MODULES INSTALLING THE PCI 20001C 2 CARRIER INSTALLING THE PCI 20001C 1 CARRIER THE PCI 20041C CARRIER OR THE 20098 CARRIER INSTALLING THE DIGITAL I O CABLES ON THE 20041 CARRIER INSTALLING THE SECOND STRAIN RELIEF BRACKET FINAL ADJUSTMENTS Chapter 3 System Configuration 3 1 The Bus 3 2 Signal Interfacing 3 2 1 Digital Input 3 2 2 Digital Output 3 2 3 Analog Input 3 2 4 Analog Output 3 2 5 Special Purpose Appendix A Introductory Concepts A 1 Computer Architecture A 2 Computer Numbers A 3 Data Signals PCI 20000 System Manual Figure Listing Figure 1 1 20001 Carrier Block Diagram Figure 2 1 Strain relief bracket installation Figure 2 2 20001 2 connectors P1 and P2 Figure 2 3 Module position numbers and installation Figure 2 4 Module installation 2 11 Figure 2 5 Proper orientation of cables 2 12 Figure 2 6 Threading cables through the bracket
12. THE BURR BROWN 20000 INTELLIGENT INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM PCI 20000 SYSTEM USERS MANUAL 855M131 LLLI Copyright 1988 by Burr Brown Corporation Tucson Arizona USA Copyright 1988 by Intelligent Instrumentation Inc Tucson Arizona USA All rights reserved WARRANTY AND REPAIR POLICY SUMMARY All Burr Brown products are backed by a warranty policy which is fully described on the back of the packing list enclosed with product shipments The factory must be contacted prior to the return of any product Ifa product is suspected of being inoperative please contact your local Burr Brown representative If the returned unitis under warranty and requires repair it will be repaired or replaced at the discretion of Burr Brown and returned to you If the unit is out of warranty and requires repair a repair or replacement price will be quoted Your purchase order for these repair charges will authorize repair replacement action If a unit is returned that is found not to be defective you may be charged a nominal fee for the evaluation service and for the return shipment IBM PC and IBM XT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation We don t want you to have problems with Burr Brown products That s why we take great care in designing and manufacturing these products However should you have a prob lem we want to hear about it so it can be corrected To help us serve you better pl
13. a ud p d Ld 7 ew CARRIER MOUNTING BRACKET PCI 20000 SYSTEM B55M131J UMI Figure 2 9 Attaching the bracket to the PCI 20041C 2 16 855M131 PCI 20000 System Manual PCI 20000 SYSTEM 855M131L UMI Figure 2 11 Installing the cable clamping plate 2 18 855M131 INA NLELNSSB8 WALSAS 00002 ldd 10 Vi Chapter 2 Getting Started 318vO 0 1 1VlI9Iq 986002 19d J18Y9 LNdN SO TVNV Figure 2 12 20098 connectors P2 and P3 2 19 855M131 Chapter 3 System Configuration 3 1 The Bus One of the primary functions of a Carrier is to provide translation from the Bus which connects the modules to each other to the IBM PC tm bus The Bus is shown in Fig 3 1 The unused pins in the connector are reserved for future versions of the Bus on other Carriers A description follows of the Bus signals Notes 1 The symbols in the Type column have the following meanings I Input to Module O Output from Module B Bidirectional 2 A suffix on a signal name indicates a low true signal 3 Some signals are bused across all Instrument Module positions and some are unique to each position Some signals that are not bused are identified with which stands for 1 2 or 3 depending on the Module Positions in which they appear 855M131 3 1 PCI 20000 System Manual I Bus Signals Type Name Descripion Comments nanan
14. ach peripheral may have several registers and therefore several register addresses The CPU writes a peripheral register when it sends data to be displayed e g to a CRT or printer 855 131 1 PCI 20000 System Manual controls the peripheral e g to open relay closures The CPU reads a peripheral register to get incoming data e g from a keyboard or to determine the status of the peripheral e g to see if a printer is ready These operations are ordinarily described as input reading a peripheral register and output writing a peripheral register Input and output are complementary functions and are usually discussed together as A 2 Computer Numbers 2 All computers use binary numbers for their internal operations The building blocks of binary numbers are cells each of which has two states voltage levels and can therefore represent either a one ora zero In order to represent larger numbers many such cells are required Each cell is assigned a value which is a power of two and the cell s contribution to the number being represented is its value multiplied by one or zero depending on the state of the cell These cells are analogous to the digits used to represent ordinary decimal numbers and are called bits or binary digits Here is an example of a binary number 10110 The bits denote powers of two starting with 2 at the right or least significant bit through 21 16 at the left
15. all any required jumpers on the Carrier s Refer to the section on Jumper Settings in the appropriate Carrier manual and in the User s Manuals for your Modules for details Update your notes with the addressing and jumper informa tion Please move plug in jumpers only soldered in jumpers must remain where they are 2 3 Preparing Modules 2 2 Any Module can be used in any Module position on the Carrier However two or more Modules that are used together may need to be located in a particular physical relationship to one another depending on how the modules use the analog daisy chain and SYNC signals Figure 2 3 illustrates Module positions and installation 2 3 1 Analog Daisy Chain Some Modules may pass analog signals to a second Module through the I Bus analog daisy chain In order for this to work on the PCI 20001C and PCI 20041C the Module must be in the next lower numbered position from the Module that is to receive its analog signals For example if you are using an Analog Expansion Module with an Analog Input Module the Analog Input Module could be placed in position 3 and the Expansion Module would then be placed in position 2 A second Expansion Module could be placed in position 1 If an Analog Expansion Module is used on the PCI 20098C the Module should be placed in position 1 A second Expansion Module should be placed in position 2 Refer to the individual Module User s Manuals for the specific requirements of y
16. and connector P1 This cable contains I O channels 0 through 15 Plug the top cable into the left hand connector P2 This cable contains I O channels 16 through 31 Mark the free ends of the cables so you can identify them later when you connect them to the termination panels See figure 2 2 for an illustration of the locations of P1 and P2 INSTALLING THE MODULES 8 Install any Modules onto your Carrier Obtain the Module you are going to install in position 1 see figure 2 3 for Module position numbers and installation Locate the nylon standoff shipped with the Module and plug it into the hole near the edge of the Module opposite the Module s P1 connector 855M131 Chapter 2 Getting Started 9 Plug the Module into the Carrier Be careful not to bend the pins and make sure not to misalign the Module so that some of the pins miss the connector The nylon standoff on the Module should line up with the mating hole on the Carrier figure 2 4 If your Carrier 15 a 20001 2 with digital I O its cables should now be sandwiched between the Module and the Carrier If you need to unplug a Module for any reason either to correct a misalignment or to reconfigure your system use extreme care to avoid bending the connector pins We have found the best technique is to use your thumbs to press against the Carrier while using your index fingers to press against the upper corners of the Module with one hand at each corner of the Module Be
17. cket at the back of the computer Make sure that the cables are oriented so that they won t have to be 2 6 855M131 Chapter 2 Getting Started twisted in order to plug them in Figure 2 10 is an exploded view of what your system might look like at this point FINAL ADJUSTMENTS 21 Adjust the strain relief brackets to a vertical position and tighten the mounting screws 22 Looking at the rear of the computer push each set of cables to the right and place the cable clamping plates over the screws Install the pairs of thumb screws to secure the plates against the cables Do not overtighten Figure 2 11 23 If you are installing additional Carrier Module assemblies repeat steps 4 through 22 for each of them 24 Replace any computer cards that were removed in step 4 above 25 Replace the computer s cover using the five screws previously removed Instal lation is now complete 855M131 l 2 7 1 20000 System Manual IN Chapter 2 Getting Started INN OLE LASSB WALSAS 00002 09 YALNdWOD JO 19 91 ST3NNVHO 0 1 0 ST3NNVHO 0 1 531840 0 1 WLIdld 5318 0 0 1 1 19 2 000 Figure 2 2 PCI 20001C 2 connectors P1 and P2 2 9 855M131 PCI 20000 System Manual Figure 2 3 Module position numbers and installation 2 10 MODULE POSITION 2 1 MODULE POSITION 1 N A MODULE POSITION 3 2 eee as 10 910 010 fe 191 2
18. do not fall easily into any of the catagories mentioned above These include event counters pulsed 855M131 3 5 PCI 20000 System Manual outputs and frequency measurements which can be regarded for the most part as high speed digital input or output for interfacing purposes However the PCI 20000 supports the use of the Counter Timer Rate Generator Module in performing high speed data addition to the functions mentioned above 3 6 855M131 J1 B 5V 5V BDO 1MPR 110S BAO RSVD 22 2 P BA2 A4 RSVD RSVD RSVD RSVD RSVD BCLK BRD BWRT BRST RSVD 32 30 29 28 23 1 J 120 H9 H8 H7 15 RSVD pos Ho RSVD 1SYNCOUT DGND 15V 101A 1018 100A 1008 A RSVD AGND 59 8 7 6 5 13 12 J2 B A 132 BDO BD1 31 BD3 30 BD5 129 28 RSVD RSVD 27 RSVD gt RSVD 26 RSVD RSVD 25 RSVD 124 N 2MPR RSVD 125 122 RSVP BAO 121 BA2 20 4 H9 A5 8 A7 iz 9 RSVD H6 RSVD RSVD H5 RSVD 9 RSVD 448 BRD BWRT H2 BRST RSVD pi RSVD s 10 2IRQO S YD RSVD 29 2SYNCOUT 2sYNcIN L8 DGND H 15V 201A 2018 l5 200A e 200B RSP 13 Figure 3 1 20001 20041 Bus 855 131 E Cha
19. e interpreted as high and voltages much outside the 0 to 5 volt range will damage the circuitry Buf fered TTL output circuits can sink on the order of 24 ma or source on the order of 14 ma in providing the desired output levels higher requirements will result in incor rect output levels or damage to the circuitry In order to permit the computer to accept input signals and produce output signals outside the range of buffered TTL levels or in forms such as current or frequency the PCI 20000 System may be used This System may include signal converters voltage level converters and isolation circuitry in the case of noisy signals or very high or low voltages A digital signal thus converted is connected to the ap propriate input line of a digital interface IC in the computer which allows it to be read as a particular bit ina particular input register Since the registers are generally 8 bit registers several signals may be read at once Similarly digital output signals originating at an output line of a digital interface IC may be isolated and converted in level or signal type before reaching the equipment to be controlled Even if input and output signals are apparently in the right range to be connected directly to the input and output lines of the PCI 20000 System some isolation is usually desirable This helps to protect the System circuitry from transient voltages induced by the equipment being controlled or by external apparat
20. ease follow the procedures outlined on this page 1 REVIEW YOUR 2 CALL US DOCUMENTATION Our Technical Support people can walk you through most Details are important Double check situtations They can also determine if there may be a prob things like switch and jumper settings lem with the product and authorize a return When calling connections and installation instruc try to be near your computer if possible tions Dial 602 624 2434 3 SHOULD A RETURN BE NECESSARY Our Technical Support Representative will give you a Return Material Authroization RMA number Fill out this sheet including your RMA number Be specific Please note in section 4 any instructions you may be given by our technical staff This will help ensure prompt and proper action on our part Technical support person Your RMA Number 5 YOUR COMPUTER S CONFIGURATION 4 DESCRIBE YOUR PROBLEM List below the make and model of your com Please be as specific as possible Use more paper if puter processor speed type of monitor necessary monochrome CGA etc and any add ons or peripherals you are using Also list any special drivers or memory resident software you are using 6 YOUR SHIPPING ADDRESS 7 SHIP THE COMPLETE PACKAGE Name e Your Technical support person will advise you on Company Name what hardware and or software to return Street e Include your completed copy of this form e We cannot accept packages returned COD Ci
21. ed value for a converter with a straight binary code is voltage A D result 2 4414mV approx For a converter with a complementary binary code the voltage is voltage 4095 A D result 2 4414mV approx 3 4 855M131 Chapter 3 System Configuration The voltage scale must be corrected by dividing by the gain of all amplification stages including any off board amplification as well as any on board amplifier The primary considerations for interfacing analog signals to an Instrument Module are to avoid introducing noise and nonlinearity Input signals may need to be shielded particularly if they are low level or the environment is electrically noisy and there is considerable distance between the source of the signals and the Module An amplification stage at the point of measurement may improve the noise im munity of a weak signal Care must be taken to maintain linearity in all amplifica tion stages or to correct for nonlinearity in the resulting data The acceptable level of noise in the data acquisition circuitry is indicated by a calculation like the one shown above In this example noise fluctuations approaching 2mV will begin to degrade the accuracy of the data Noise levels of 40mV degrade the performance of a 12 bit converter to 8 bit accuracy Transducers are used to convert such parameters as temperature pressure or strain into voltage levels measurable as analog inputs Since transducers do not produce a prec
22. instruc tions and reading back data or status information The memory is used for storing program instructions data and temporary results used by the CPU Computer memory is divided up into units small enough for the CPU to manipulate Each memory unit has a unique address which can be thought of as a number describing the position of that unit relative to the beginning of the memory The CPU reads or writes a particular memory unit by specifying its address using the address lines of the bus Data are passed to or from the memory using the data lines of the bus Other information such as read and write com mands and timing are passed to the memory using the control lines of the bus Peripherals are the computer s communication with the outside world computer users other computers or instruments Examples of peripherals are CRT displays printers keyboards cassette recorders disk drives modems thermocouples and relay closures The Carrier and Instrument Modules of your PCI 20000 System are peripherals and you need to know something about how a computer treats peripherals in order to use your 20000 System effectively The CPU communicates with peripherals in much the same way as it communicates with memory Each peripheral has one or more registers which are similar to memory units Registers have addresses which permit the CPU to select a particular register to read or write in much the same way as it selects memory E
23. isely linear conversion of these parameters to voltage linearization is always a part of the conversion of these measurements to engineering units Tempera ture transducer outputs also require appropriate temperature references to be sup plied for accurate measurements such as cold junction compensation for use with thermocouples 3 2 4 Analog Output Analog outputs provide voltage or current signals which can be used to drive equipment that operates at variable levels For example chart recorders variable speed fans motor speed controllers and plotters can be controlled in this way For analog output a computer requires a Digital to Analog Converter D A or DAC A D A functions in the reverse of an A D producing a voltage or current output proportional to binary signals The same sort of calculation that gave the conver sion rule between digital data and analog signal levels for the A D applies to the D A as well Output is accomplished by loading the digital number into an output register For example a 10 volt D A with offset binary input accepts valid data in the range 0 to 4095 and the voltage output range spans 20 volts so each bit has a value of 4 8828mV approx and the output signal voltage is related to the input data word as follows output bit value data word offset where the offset in this example is 10 volts 3 2 5 Special Purpose The special purpose category includes certain types of I O that
24. known limited and unchanging configuration you can efficiently achieve that without buying a lot of capability you don t need For example a system to control an oven could be implemented with one A D Module and the optional digital I O on a Carrier Since the application does not require counter timers or analog outputs you need not buy those Modules With most other data acquisition boards available you would be paying for functions whether or not they were to be used 1 2 How to Use the PCI 20000 Manuals In order to gain the maximum benefits from your PCI 20000 System the user should be aware that the modularity of the hardware is reflected in the modularity of the User s Manuals for the components of the System This means that each Carrier Instrument Module Termination option and Software Support package has its own individual User s Manual Tying together all the pieces of the system is the function of this System User s Manual and it should be read in conjunction with the individual User s Manuals for the components you have purchased If the user is relatively new to computers and computer based instrumentation there will be several new concepts to learn In order to get the most from the 20000 System computer terminology as well as signal interfacing concepts 855 131 Chapter 1 Introduction must be well understood A review of these topics is contained in Appendix A Introductory Concepts Another comprehen
25. n it is off and a 0 when it is on or vice versa 3 2 2 Digital Output A digital output like a digital input is a signal which can be in only one of two possible states on or off 1 or 0 Digital output signals are used to control such things as lights motors and relays 855 131 3 3 PCI 20000 System Manual Eight digital output signals are grouped together in output registers on the Bus similar to the digital input registers described above When data is written into a register TTL level signals appear on the output lines corresponding to the 1s and 0s of the data byte The outputinterface can be configured so 1 data bit corresponds to an off signal and a 0 data bit corresponds to an on signal or vice versa Each output line may be connected to a level conversion block which translates the interface signal levels to field signal levels Since little power is available from the TTL output the output signal may be used to control an external circuit through a transistor or relay switch If a relay or other inductive load is used diodes may be required for protection of the digital output circuitry Additional protection such as opto isolators may be required for switching high currents or AC circuits 3 2 3 Analog Input An analog input provides a means of measuring a continuously variable voltage or current signal An analog measurement generates a number which is linearly related to the value of the voltage
26. nd strain relief bracket to relieve crowding 4 Termination Panels to connect your Cables and equipment to You may also have 1 One or more Modules to plug into your Carrier If you have more than one Module you will also need a second strain relief bracket purchased separately 2 One or more 20061 1 or PCI 20061A 2 Inter Carrier Cables purchased separately for use with two or more PCI 20041C Carriers in a multiple Carrier configuration 2 2 System Preparation Before you begin installing your PCI 20000 System read through this chapter Also read through the User s Manuals for the Carriers and each of the Modules in your system Decide which switch settings and jumpers are appropriate for your applica tion then configure your sytem accordingly We recommend that you make a list of these configuration settings for each Carrier and its Modules Keep this list with your manuals for reference Convenient forms for this purpose may be found at the end of this chapter Make sure the factory address switch setting on the Carrier will not conflict with anything else in your computer including any other option boards If you are installing more than one Carrier in your computer you must change the address of 855M131 21 PCI 20000 System Manual all but one Carrier so that the Carriers do not interfere with each other Refer to the section Carrier Addressing in the appropriate Carrier manual for details Inst
27. nel with convenient screw connections for the I O signals Other applica tions may require elaborate isolation protection and filtering circuitry Low level signals may also require special shielding to prevent noise contamination The PCI 20000 System includes a variety of termination options which should satisfy most needs The following discussions are intended to provide some general back ground for evaluating the interfacing requirements of your application 3 2 1 Digital Input A digital input signal is one which can be in only one of two states Such signals can be generated by switches relay contacts and light sensors as well as digital logic circuitry A digital input signal ordinarily passes through a level conversion stage to insure that the on and off levels are within the range of the TTL levels sensed by the Instrument Module or Carrier circuitry The simplest type of level conversion is a dropping resistor or voltage divider High voltage inputs may require optical isola tion low voltage inputs may require amplification Noisy signals require filtering or Schmitt triggers The converted signal is grouped with seven other similar signals which would probably be connected to other digital inputs These eight signals form an input register on the Bus When the input register is read each signal is represented as alora0 A switch or other digital input may be connected in such a way as to produce a 1 bit whe
28. oot of the digital cable s through the bracket Lower the Carrier into the slot Keep some slack in the digital cable s and adjust them as appropriate to keep them from jamming The slack in the cables should resemble a backward S when viewed from above Tilt the Carrier up at the front above the card guide as you lower it towards the mother board After you are sure the Carrier is aligned properly in the slot straighten it so the front of the Carrier slides down into the card guide Then push the Carrier 855M131 2 5 PCI 20000 System Manual straight down gently to plug it into the slot connector on the computer s mother board Figure 2 7 INSTALLING THE PCI 20001C 1 CARRIER THE PCI 20041C CARRIER OR THE PCI 20098C CARRIER NOTE If you have a PCI 20001C 2 Carrier skip to step 19 If you have a PCI 20001C 1 Carrier a PCI 20041C Carrier or a PCI 20098C Carrier perform this step then continue with step 18 17 Hold the Carrier over the chosen slot then lower it in Tilt the Carrier up at the front above the card guide as you lower it toward the motherboard After you are sure the Carrier is aligned properly in the slot straighten it so the front of the Carrier slides down into the card guide Then push the Carrier straight down gently to plug it into the slot connector on the computer s motherboard Figure 2 7 INSTALLING THE DIGITAL I O CABLES ON THE PCI 20041C CARRIER 18 If you have a PCI 20001C Carrier o
29. or current to a specified accuracy and resolution Since in a computer all data is represented digitally analog measurements must be converted to a digital form in order for a computer to manipulate them This task is accomplished by an analog to digital converter A D or ADC which may be part of a Data Acquisition System DAS Because such converters are expensive a number of input signals are multiplexed to use the same converter The multiplexer switches several input signals or channels one at a time into the A D The signals may be passed through an amplifier before being input to the A D The output of the A D appears in one or more digital registers depending on the resulution of the converter which are accessed through the Bus Software controls the selection of channels triggering of the conversion and control of a programmable gain amplifier if any through a special control register The relationship of the digital value produced by the conversion to the input signal level depends on the resolution or number of bits of the converter as well as the input voltage range For example consider a 12 bit converter with a 5 volt input range There are 4096 21 2 possible values of the digital result The voltage range of 5 volts to 5 volts covers a span of 10 volts This means that the value of each bit of the A D result is 1 bit 10 volts 4096 2 4414mV approx Therefore the actual voltage corresponding to any convert
30. our Modules On some Modules jumpers must be placed in order to make use of the analog daisy chain The Carrier Manuals contain detailed descriptions of the bus analog daisy chain 2 3 2 SYNC Signals The SYNC OUT signal of some Modules may be used to drive SYNC IN of a second Module through the I bus using the SYNC IN SYNC OUT system The routing of SYNC signals is determined by jumpers on the PCI 20001C and PCI 20041C which must be placed before the Modules are installed These jumper placements are described in the appropriate Carrier manuals The routing of SYNC signals on the PCI 20098C is done with software Refer to the individual User s Manuals for descriptions of how your system uses SYNC signals Your particular application may or may not require use of the SYNC 855M131 Chapter 2 Getting Started bus Jumpers must be placed on some Modules as well as on some Carrier in order to make use of the SYNC bus You have to set jumpers on Modules to select such options as converter range and amplifier gain You may also have to set jumpers to determine the source of various enable and control signals to the Modules If your Modules have calibra tion adjustments you may wish to perform those adjustments prior to installing your complete system Consult the individual Module User s Manuals for any special configuration re quirements of your Modules Then plan how you will arrange the Modules on your Carrie
31. pter 3 System Configuration J3 B A 32 BDO 801 H3 803 30 805 129 2 RSVD ls 27 RSVD RSVD 26 RSVD 25 RSVD 124 ae gt los els 122 305 SVO BA0 21 2 20 4 A5 as H8 7 ca A9 RSVD He RSVD RSVD Hs RSVD RSVD RSVP H3 BRD BWRT H2 BRST RSVD 11 Ro Ho RSVD RSVD 19 SSYNCOUT 8 7 15V TI 6 3O1A 5 3008 4 3 2 H PCI 20000 SYSTEM 855M131M UMI 3 7 PCI 20000 System Manual il BUS TO ANALOG INPUT SECTION OF CARRIER Figure 3 2 PCI 20098C 1 Bus 3 8 J1 5V 5V 132 BDO BD1 31 802 BD3 30 BD4 BD5 29 BD6 BD7 28 RS 27 rsvo 126 RSVD gt RSVD gt RSVD gt 125 rsvo gt 24 weg PSP 1MEs 23 rsv0 22 BAO H1 BAI BA2 120 A4 5 AG p8 A7 AB H7 A9 RSVD 16 RSVD Eo 15 RSVD 14 RSVD BRD New T H2 BRST RSVD JT RSVD iE Rd J10 1IRQO RSVD 9 1SYNC OUT 8 DGND 17 15V 1 36 01A 5 4 RSVP 23 2 H J2 B A 5V 5V 32 BDO BD1 31 BD2 BD3 30 BD4 805 129 BD6 BD7 28 127 RSvo1 26 RSvD gt Rew 25 gt 24 FD 2ME 123 RSvo1 1 22 zog RST BAO 21 BA2 120 A4 5 H8 A7 AB H7
32. r a PCI 20098C Carrier skip to step 19 If you have a PCI 20041C Carrier perform this step then continue with step 19 Thread the digital signal cables through the strain relief bracket from the outside of the computer Plug the ends marked COMPUTER into connectors P5 and P6 See figure 2 8 Install the card retainer Loosen the screw holding the bracket and slip the retainer under it Align all the parts and tighten the screw If you have purchased several PCI 20041C Carriers for use in a multiple Carrier configuration and if you have purchased one or more PCI 20061A Inter Carrier Cables plug these cables in Locate the small hole in the top edge of the Carrier at the rear Fasten the strain relief bracket to the Carrier through this hole using the small screw that was furnished with the bracket for this purpose Be careful to avoid dropping the screw into the computer Figure 2 9 Pull the slack out of the digital cable s at the back of the computer Guide the cables by hand as you do so to avoid scraping them on the bracket or slot opening INSTALLING THE SECOND STRAIN RELIEF BRACKET 19 If you have a second strain relief bracket install it in the rear panel at the slot next to your Carrier on the Module side Start the hold down screw removed with the slot cover in a previous step into the computer s frame but do not tighten the screw at this time 20 Feed the Module cables through the second strain relief bra
33. r s and add this information to your notes 2 4 Installing the 20000 System The procedure for installing your PCI 20000 System in an IBM PC is described below The procedure for installing the assembly in other machines will differ somewhat but will be similar in nature OPENING YOUR COMPUTER 1 Turn off the power to your computer and unplug it WARNING Lethal voltages exist inside computers Always ensure that power is removed before opening the case Only qualified technicians should install modify or adjust equipment inside any computer unit CAUTION Failing to turn off the power when inserting or removing boards will damage the boards and possibly the computer as well 2 Remove the five screws on the rear panel of the computer s chassis that hold the cover to the chassis 3 Carefully slide the cover toward the front of the chassis lift it up slightly and remove it 855 131 2 3 PCI 20000 System Manual 2 4 SELECTING A PLACE PUT YOUR CARRIER 4 Select two adjacent expansion slots for each Carrier Module assembly You will be plugging the Carrier into the leftmost of these two expansion slots so that the Modules face the empty slot We recommend that you choose the two leftmost slots as you face the back of your computer for your Carrier If a PCI 20098C is used without Modules only one expansion slot is required In addition to these slots we recommend that you have an additional two slot
34. s next to them temporarily empty in order to give you plenty of working room Finally when you reinstall any boards you have temporarily removed you may want to place them closer to your power supply in your computer INSTALLING THE FIRST STRAIN RELIEF BRACKET 5 If you are using two strain relief brackets remove the covers from both expansion slots in the rear of the computer If you are using only one strain relief bracket the one for the Carrier remove the cover from the leftmost expansion slot where the Carrier will be installed Disassemble the strain relief bracket s by following the instructions in your bracket installation guide Secure the mounting bracket portion in the expansion slot with the screws that held the slot cover Do not tighten this screw at this time See Fig 2 1 The PCI 20098C does not require a strain relief bracket It s bracket is attached to the Carrier and is automatically installed upon insertion of the Carrier INSTALLING THE CARD GUIDE 6 Install the supplied card guide at the front of the computer in line with the slot where the Carrier will be mounted INSTALLING THE DIGITAL CABLES ON THE 20001 2 CARRIER NOTE If you have a PCI 20001C 1 Carrier a PCI 20041C Carrier or a PCI 20098C Carrier skip this step and go to step 8 If you have a PCI 20001C 2 Carrier perform this step then continue with step 8 7 Install the digital I O cables Plug the bottom cable into the right h
35. sive source of information for the user is the Burr Brown Hand book of Personal Computer Instrumentation This handbook includes tutorial and applications information on data acquisition as well as configuration guides for personal computer based instrumentation systems and data sheets on the in dividual systems and software 855 131 13 PCI 20000 System Manual INN VLELANGGE WALSAS 00002 04 pp SS ee T X Q 0 1 NORD 8 i 9 H 103135 31na0N 5 lt e 7 u344n8 1 1031N02 I bU Figure 1 1 20001 Carrier Block Diagram 855 131 1 4 Chapter 2 Getting Started 2 1 Introduction This chapter tells you how to configure and install your system Configuration information is given at a high level only For in depth configuration information please read the manual that goes with the particular component you want to configure The majority of this chapter is composed of step by step installation instructions First make sure you have everything you will need in order to get your system installed and running You need 1 At least one Carrier 2 One or more Cables to connect your Carrier to the outside world 3 At least one strain relief bracket if necessary If you have more than two or three cables or if your cables are shielded analog I O cables you may want to use a seco
36. solution of the converter These factors include the linearity of the converter any signal conditioning or amplification stages used and the amount of noise introduced by the entire measurement system The most expensive components of an analog input system are usually the amplifier and A D converter In order to sample several analog inputs with this circuitry a multiplexer or mux is used to connect the input signals one at a time to the converter Such an arrangement is called a Data Acquisition System DAS The number of input channels available is determined by the capacity of the mux The rate at which input channels can be sampled is determined by the conversion speed of the the A D and the time required for the mux to switch channels The efficiency of the system may be improved by adding a sample and hold circuit so that switch ing may be done without waiting for the conversion to be completed A D A converter provides the capability of producing analog output signals based on the internal digital data of the computer The voltage or current output is determined by the digital value sent to the converter and by the output signal range The smoothness and accuracy of the output signal is determined by the resolution of the D A and by the rate at which the signal can be changed slew rate of the converter The output signal can be further smoothed by filtering 855M131
37. ter PC bus and provides power inter Module communications and a physical mounting mechanism for the Instrument Modules Some Carriers can also optionally provide on board fully buffered TTL compatible digital I O Other Carriers optionally support Direct Memory Access DMA transfers of data to and from the computer at very high rates The block diagram of a typical Carrier is shown in Fig 1 1 The Instrument Modules perform the actual data acquisition tasks with each Module performing specific functions All the Modules communicate with the PC and with each other through a proprietary bus on the Carrier the Bus tm that is optimized for data acquisition This Bus not only supports the standard types of memory and I O accesses found in a computer bus but also includes provisions for chaining analog synchronizing and trigger signals among the Modules Some ot the available Modules in the PCI 20000 family include e a 12 bit 16 channel data acquisition system e a 12 bit 8 channel high speed data acquisition system e a 32 channel analog input expander e a 32 analog expander sequencer e a 4 channel programmable gain simultaneous sample hold e a 12 bit 2 channel digital to analog converter e a 16 bit 2 channel digital to analog converter e a 12 bit 8 channel digital to analog converter e a 32 channel buffered digital 1 0 e ao channel couter timer rate generator e a2 channel trigger alarm and the list is continually
38. ty State e Ship to Burr Brown Intelligent Instrumentation ATTN Your RMA Number 1141 West Grant Road 131 Tucson Arizona 85705 Zip Daytime Phone 855L030 890526 V1 2 PCI 20000 System Manual 20000 SYSTEM USER MANUAL REVISION HISTORY Version Revision 1 0 Original 1 1 890125 ECO 89012301 Minor editorial changes conversion to Ventura format add letter 1 2 890324 ECO 89032301 Correction to paging 1 3 890607 ECO 89050304 Correction to letter PCI 20000 System Manual USE OF EQUIPMENT Burr Brown Corp assumes no responsibility for any direct indirect or consequen tial loss or damages resulting from misuse of the equipment or for improper or inadequate maintenance of the equipment or for any such damage or loss resulting from the use of other equipment attachments accessories and repairs at any time made to or placed upon the equipment or any replacement thereof Furthermore Burr Brown Corp makes no representations or warranties either expressed or implied in connection with the use of the equipment in the event it is improperly used repaired or maintained CAUTION Failing to turn off the power when inserting or removing boards will damage the boards and possibly the computer as well WARNING Lethal voltages exist inside computers Always ensure that power is removed before opening the case Only qualified technicians should install modify or adjust equipment inside any computer
39. us Termination 855 131 A 3 PCI 20000 System Manual A 4 panels with provision for signal conditioning or optical isolation are available as a part of the PCI 20000 System Analog signals are signals which can vary continuously over some range Typical analog input signals include temperature speed and pressure Analog output signals are used to control meters oscilloscopes and chart recorders Since our computers can directly handle only digital data analog signals must be converted to digital signals for input to a computer This is accomplished by a special device called an Analog to Digital Converter A D or ADC Similarly analog output signals are produced by converting digital output from the computer with a Digi tal to Analog Converter D A or DAC Since an analog signal can have any value whatsoever within its range it can never be measured with absolute precision The resolution of an analog measurement is determined by the number of bits of the digital signal to which it is converted and the range of conversion The most common A D converters now have 12 bit resolution or roughly 3 1 2 digits Consider for example a 12 bit measurement with an input range of 10 to 10 volts The digital signal produced by the converter can have 212 4096 possible values Each step corresponds to 20 4096 0 00488 volts You should be aware that the accuracy of the measurement is affected by other factors in addition to the re
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