User Manual for LAUFZE and LAUFPS 1 Introduction
Contents
1. Program Description PD 11 2 LAUFZE LAUFPS Author Johannes Schweitzer NORSAR P O Box 53 N 2027 Kjeller Fax 47 63818719 E mail johannes schweitzer norsar no Version LAUFZE 6 2 and LAUFPS 3 2 as of April 2011 DOI 10 2312 GFZ NMSOP 2 PD 11 2 User Manual for LAUFZE and LAUFPS 1 Introduction The program LAUFZE calculates travel time curves for a P or an S velocity model This is a newer version of a routine which was originally developed in the 1970s at the Institute of Geophysics in Karlsruhe Germany by the late Prof Gerhard M ller and Dr Christoph Gelbke Since then the author has extended the code to include many new features and op tions in particular for calculating different types of teleseismic and of multiply reflected or refracted phases These changes were made at the Institute for Meteorology and Geophysics University of Frankfurt Germany the Institute of Geophysics Ruhr University Bochum Germany and most recently at NORSAR The travel time curves can be calculated for horizontally layered or spherically symmetric models with or without reduced time scale The velocity model is defined by input as a func tion of the depth z the dominant signal period 7 and the depth dependent quality factor Q given for a reference period T e Then with this as input information the program calculates and then uses the group velocity for the different model depths as defined by T If n2. Program Description PD 11 2 0 234 14 381 164 051 0 000 1 000 3 783 0 269 14 524 161 772 0 000 1 000 4 306 0 305 14 688 159 494 0 000 1 000 4 823 0 342 14 874 157 215 0 000 1 000 D332 0 380 15 085 154 937 0 000 1 000 5 832 0 419 15 2321 152 658 0 000 1 000 6 323 0 459 15 584 150 380 0 000 1 000 6 804 0 500 15 877 148 101 0 000 1 000 7 275 0 543 16 201 145 823 0 000 1 000 7 734 0 588 16 559 143 544 0 000 1 000 8 181 0 635 16 954 141 266 0 000 1 000 8 614 0 685 17 389 138 987 0 000 1 000 9 034 035 23 17 870 136 709 0 000 1 000 9 440 0 792 18 401 134 430 0 000 1 000 9 831 0 850 18 988 132 152 0 000 1 000 10 207 0 913 19 638 129 873 0 000 1 000 10 566 0 980 20 359 127 595 0 000 1 000 10 908 1 053 21 162 125 316 0 000 1 000 11 234 TuS 22 059 123 038 0 000 1 000 11 541 1 218 23 067 120 759 0 000 1 000 11 830 1 313 24 204 118 481 0 000 1 000 12 101 1 418 25 494 116 203 0 000 1 000 12 353 1 536 26 969 113 924 0 000 1 000 12 584 1 670 28 667 111 646 0 000 1 000 12 796 1 823 30 640 109 367 0 000 1 000 12 988 2 000 32 953 107 089 0 000 1 000 13 55 59 2 207 35 688 104 810 0 000 1 000 13 310 2 451 38 953 102 532 0 000 1 000 13 439 2 742 42 881 100 253 0 000 1 000 13 547 3 091 47 631 97 975 0 000 1 000 13 634 3 512 53 386 95 696 0 000 1 000 13 699 4 018 60 330 93 418 0 000 1 000 13 743 4 621 68 624 91 2139 0 000 1 000 13 765 PHASE Diving wave DELTA is the distance measured in km or in deg see input parameter VR TT is
3. 996 2 009 5121 000 122 096 1119 944 8 364 0 001 0 996 2 002 5121 000 120 893 1117 538 8 334 0 001 0 996 1 996 5121 000 119 744 1115 249 8 305 0 001 0 997 1 989 5121 000 118 644 1113 065 8 277 0 001 0 997 1 982 5121 000 117 587 1110 975 8 248 0 001 0 997 1 975 5121 000 116 571 1108 971 8 220 0 001 0 997 1 968 5121 000 115 590 1107 044 8 191 0 001 0 997 1 962 5121 000 114 643 1105 190 8 163 0 001 01 997 1 955 5121 000 Now followed the deleted PKPdf branch Surface reflection of the direct wave See the parameters STRU and or SURF in the input file The ray output for pP pPKP and pPKiKP over critical part was deleted PHASE 10 Program Description PD 11 2 Diving wave l times reflected at the Earth s surface See the parameters IKMG and MULT in the input file The ray output for PP P P and PKiKP2 over critical part was deleted PHASE Diving wave 2 times reflected at the Earth s surface See the parameters IKMG and MULT in the input file The ray output for P3 P 3 and PKiKP3 over critical part was deleted PHASE Diving wave l times reflected down at layer 21 See the parameters IKMG and MULT in the input file layer 21 is here the core mantle boundary The ray output for PKKP and PKiKKiKP over critical part was deleted PHASE Diving wave 2 times reflected down at layer 21 See the parameters IKMG and MULT in the input file layer 21 is here the
4. 8 470 4445 107 17 017 3400 000 8 760 1000000 0 8 760 4860 167 18 785 3600 000 9 040 1000000 0 9 040 5304 164 20 785 3800 000 9 280 1000000 0 9 280 5781 437 22 996 4000 000 9 510 1000000 0 9 510 6297 381 25 554 4200 000 9 700 1000000 0 9 700 6858 818 28 466 4400 000 9 880 1000000 0 9 880 7474 555 31 936 4600 000 10 060 1000000 0 10 060 8156 231 36 190 4800 000 10 250 1000000 0 10 250 8919 681 41 568 4982 000 10 440 1000000 0 10 440 9704 131 47 886 5121 000 10 440 1000000 0 10 440 REFL 10375 893 53 211 5121 000 11 160 1000000 0 11 160 10375 893 56 880 5700 000 11 260 1000000 0 11 260 14339 481 106 911 Travel time branch 1 and all the following ones were calculated each travel time branch consists of 20 rays PHASE If NF11 is set to 1 this wave will not be calculated Directly upgoing wave DELTA is the distance measured in km or in deg see input parameter VR TT is the eventually reduced travel time AIN is the radiation angle at the source T is the travel time divided by the mean quality factor TT Q ATT is the amplitude attenuation due to T i e ATT EXP 2 PI f T and P is the ray parameter measured in s deg DELTA TT AIN TE ATT P 0 000 13 931 180 000 0 000 1 000 0 000 0 033 13 940 LTS TAZ 0 000 1 000 0 547 0 066 13 967 175 443 0 000 1 000 1 094 0 099 14 012 173 165 0 000 1 000 1639 0 132 14 075 170 886 0 000 1 000 2 181 0 166 14 158 168 608 0 000 1 000 2 719 0 200 14 260 166 329 0 000 1 000 3 254
5. Earth see IX of the program options in the Introduction If STRU is set at the surface the classical surface reflection is calculated i e only pP or sS but not e g pPP or sScS REFL means that steep angle reflections from this depth are calculated see III of the program options in the Introduction AZ must be blank in all other cases QU is the quality factor for seismic waves in this depth if QU 0 the program sets it by default to QU 1 000 000 An empty line finishes the model input 5 1 line in FORMAT 315 with the three parameters IS IA IB IS 0 the input model is assumed to be flat i e it consists of a set of horizontally flat layers the input model is spherical and has to be modified by the Earth flattening transformation IA I only the parts of the travel time curves which have their turning points below the I th layer are calculated If IA 1 all travel time branches of all phases are calculated IB gives the number of rays which will have their turning points between two given depth points of the model an IB value of 10 20 usually gives a good approximation of the travel time branch 6 In the following line s the reflections of diving rays at any layer back down into the Earth can be defined see IV of the program options in the Introduction For each such reflection 1 line in FORMAT 2110 is needed with the parameters IKMG and MULT If no further reflections of this type ar
6. KP blank line no more such mult phases for PcPPcP PKiKPPKiKP blank line no more such mult phases 1 The contents of the laufze in file is as follows l 2s 1 line of maximum 80 characters with any explaining text as TITLE 1 line in FORMAT 3F10 3 315 containing the parameters RMIN RMAX VR IELAS NF11 RMIN is the beginning of the distance range from which onset times are calculated Either measured in deg or in km see the definition of VR RMAX as RMIN but the end of the distance range used to print out the travel time branches VR is the velocity or slowness to reduce the travel times If VR gt 0 RMIN and RMAX are measured in km and VR is a reduction velocity km s If VR lt 0 RMIN and RMAX are measured in deg and VR is a reduction slowness s deg IELAS if this flag is set to 1 Q z is set to 10 in all depths pure elastic case NF11 if this flag is set to 1 no direct up going rays from a source below the surface are calculated 1 line in FORMAT 2F10 3 315 containing the parameters PER PERREF LA1 LA2 NLA PER is the dominant signal period Tsig s If PER is set to O s the default value of 1 s is used PERREF is the reference period Tref s If PERREF is set to O s the default value of 1 s is used LA1 is the number of the upper layer for the described reverberations see V of the program options in the Introduction LA2 as LAT now the number of the low
7. a P to SV conversion 2 this is an S phase and we get a SV to P conversion 9 the next entry is for the same phase but another conversion type KON1 1 the first conversion happens on the ray path down 2 the first conversion happens on the ray path up NDISK1 gives the discontinuity number for the first conversion see the listing in the table in the laufps out file KONZ2 1 a possible second conversion happens on the ray path down 2 a possible second conversion happens on the ray path up NDISK2 gives the discontinuity number for the second conversion 00003 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pdirect 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sdirect gt 1 2 3 0 0 0 P PKP PKS 1 2 2 0 0 0 P PKP P PKP at Moho to SV 0 pP 0 PP 0 PPS gt 0 S SKS gt 0 ss 0 SS 2 2 3 S3KP 1 2 3 PcP gt Pcs 0 PcPScS 2 2 3 ScS ScP end of example for a laufps in file The output from program LAUFPS can become very complex and long However the prin ciple listing looks very like the output for LAUFZE and no example of an output file had been added here For an example of a laufps out file please apply the here listed laufps in file and see also the files in the directory examples 14
8. core mantle boundary CMB The ray output for P3KP and P3KiKP over critical part was deleted PH oA IE Steep angle reflection from 2898 000 km See the parameter AZ REFL in the input file Steep angle reflection i e before the critical point from the CMB the ray output for PcP was deleted PHASE Steep angle reflection from 5121 000 km See the parameter AZ REFL in the input file Steep angle reflection i e before the critical point from the ICB the ray output for PKiKP was deleted PHASE Multiple reflection 1 times for the Steep angle reflection from 2898 000 km See the parameters AZ REFL and MULTR in the input file Multiple steep angle reflection i e before the critical point from the CMB the ray output for PcP2 was deleted 11 Program Description PD 11 2 PHASE Multiple reflection l times for the Steep angle reflection from 5121 000 km See the parameters AZ REFL and MULTR in the input file Multiple steep angle reflection i e before the critical point from the ICB the ray output for PKiKP2 was deleted 5 The Program LAUFPS and the File laufps in The program LAUFPS calculates travel time curves for a given velocity model as the program LAUFZE does and was developed on the base of LAUFZE In addition to LAUFZE LAUFPS calculates P and S phase travel time curves in one step and it can also calculate travel time curves for converte
9. d phases The input for LAUFPS consists of one steering and two model files One the model files contains the P velocity model and one contains the S velocity model Both model files must have the same format as a LAUFZE input file e g one file is then called laufp dat and one laufs dat Both model files must sample the velocity models i e the P and the S model at identical depths and the source must also be in the same depth However these input files can be extended at three points to inform the program in the case of multiple phases how often these reverberations are eventually travelling through the model as converted phase These additions are the following ones I refer to the number of the format descriptions of the input file for LAUFZE 3 1 line in FORMAT 2F10 3 415 containing the parameters PER PERREF LA1 LA2 NLA NLA2 PER is the dominant signal period Tsig s If PER is set to O s the default value of 1 s is used PERREF is the reference period Tref s If PERREF is set to O s the default value of 1 s is used LA1 is the number of the upper layer for the described reverberations see V of the program options in the Introduction LA2 as LAT now the number of the lower layer NLA gives the number of reverberations The multiples travel through the depth range Z LA1 lt Z I Z LA2 NLA times more than the regular phase If LA1 LA2 or NLA 0 no reverberations are calculated NLA2 gives how many
10. e to be calculated one has to give a blank line Program Description PD 11 2 IKMG is the number of the layer at which the ray is reflected e g for PP one has to set IKMG 1 MULT gives the number of reflections at this reflector e g for PP SS or PKKP one has to set MULT 1 and for P3 S3 or S3KS one has to use MULT 2 T Finally multiple reflections for the steep angle reflections as defined with AZ REFL can be ordered with the following line s in FORMAT 110 containing the parameter MULTR No further multiples of this type have to be indicated by another blank line MULTR gives the number of additional multiples for each steep angle reflection MULTR will for example result in PmP2 PmPPmP or ScS2 ScSScS and MULT 2 will give e g ScS3 4 The File laufze out With the above listed example for a laufze in file you will obtain the output file laufze out Please note that the output file has been truncated by numerous lines to reduce the number of pages in this manual The ASCII listing of the travel times can easily be extracted and the user can plot them with any plotting program after some simple editing work The original output file has 3117 lines and is included in the laufze software package Explanations are included ios Travel times from LAUFZE 6 2 For a source in 100 km Jeffreys Bullen Model Distance range RMIN 0 000 deg RMAX 180 000 deg Ray parameter
11. er layer NLA gives the number of reverberations The multiple phase travels NLA times more often through the depth range Z LA1 lt Z 1 lt Z LA2 than the regular phase If LA1 LA2 or NLA 0 no reverberations are calculated Now follows the model The model is defined by one line for each depth with velocity information All lines must fit in the FORMAT 2F10 3 A4 6x F10 3 and contain the parameters Z V AZ QU The model can contain a maximum of 1000 layers First Program Description PD 11 2 order discontinuities for one of the given parameters have to be defined by 2 lines in the same depth Z Z depthin km below the Earth s surface The surface has the depth Z 1 0 V seismic velocity in the depth Z AZ four characters long key words with which one can define special actions in this depth SOUR means that the seismic source is located in this depth of the model RECE means that the receivers are in this depth to be set only if not at the surface by default receivers are assumed to be at the surface SORE means a combination of both SOUR and RECE in the same depth SURF means that the seismic source is located in this depth and that for all phases their corresponding surface reflections are additionally calculated e g pP sScS SURE means a combination of both SURF and RECE in the same depth STRU means that an up going direct ray is reflected in this depth back down into the
12. er of rays given as parameter IB and forms one branch of the travel time curve These rays are always written as one block in the listing If one plans to plot the travel time curves one should plot each block as separate branch of the travel time curve Here all blocks with rays bottoming in the mantle were omitted The next possible rays are the phases bottoming in the Earth s core here PKPab PKPbc 178 309 1310 499 18 832 0 001 0 996 4 444 3959 714 173 109 1287 400 18 810 0 001 0 996 4 439 3961 852 All rays bottoming in the outer core were deleted 154 616 1186 983 8 731 0 001 0 996 2 090 5121 000 The inner core boundary ICB is a first order discontinuity with a positive velocity jump The following rays bottoming in the boundary build the over critical part of the travel time curve of PKiKP the over critical reflection from the ICB 154 616 1186 983 8 731 0 001 0 996 2 090 5121 000 144 603 1166 084 8 699 0 001 0 996 2 082 5121 000 L404 610 11575 784 8 667 0 001 0 996 2 075 5121 000 137 605 XI151 561 8 636 0 001 0 996 2 067 5121 000 135 111 1146 414 8 605 0 001 0 996 2 060 5121 000 132 943 1141 955 8 574 0 001 0 996 2 052 5121 000 131 006 1137 987 8 543 0 001 0 996 2 045 5121 000 129 244 1134 390 8 513 0 001 0 996 2 038 5121 000 127 621 1131 087 8 482 0 001 0 996 2 031 5121 000 126 111 1128 026 8 452 0 001 0 996 2 024 5121 000 124 695 1125 167 8 423 0 001 0 996 2 017 5121 000 123 361 1122 481 8 393 0 001 0
13. gram with bin laufps you will be asked for names of the files containing the P and S velocity models and the file Program Description PD 11 2 to steer the behaviour of all P to SV and or SV to P conversions e g laufp dat laufs dat and laufps in If you use the files as delivered with the laufze software package the LAUFPS output file laufps out should be identical to the file laufps out test 3 The File laufze in The file laufze in must contain the velocity model for P or S waves and all information about the seismic phases for which travel times shall be calculated The program asks for the name of the file containing this information in the format below described The user can of course use any file name For a source in 100 km Jeffreys Bullen Model 0 000 180 000 0 00 0 0 0 000 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 6 11 STRU 0 000 for pP 33350 G l1I 33 0 TASTO 100 7 95 SOUR 200 8 26 300 8 58 413 8 97 600 10 25 800 11 00 1000 11 42 1200 llIyl 1400 114 99 1600 12 20 1800 12553 2000 12 79 2200 13 03 2400 134 217 2600 13 50 2800 13 64 2898 13 64 REFL for PcP 2898 8 10 3000 8 22 3200 8 47 3400 8 76 3600 9 04 3800 9 2298 4000 9 751 4200 9 70 4400 9 88 4600 10 06 4800 10 25 4982 10 44 5121 10 44 REFL for PKiKP FEZI 11 16 5700 11 26 blank line no more layers 1 1 20 T 1 for PP 1 2 for P3 21 1 for PKKP Program Description PD 11 2 21 2 for P3
14. mples for input and output files are located in two compressed tar files either in laufze version tar Z or in laufze version tar gz They can be downloaded for free either directly from the program list in the NMSOP 2 cover page folder Download Programs amp Files or from NORSAR s anonymous ftp server ftp norsar no under the directory pub outgoing johannes lauf If using your web browser the address is ftp ftp norsar no pub outgoing johannes lauf Questions related to program updates and maintenance should be directed to the author 2 Getting Started This section describes how the example for LAUFZE can be started and executed The sim plest way to use the program for own travel time calculations is to use the following examples and to modify the input data and parameters for your needs The meaning and format of the contents of the input file are described in the following sections Program Description PD 11 2 Installation of LAUFZE 1 Make a sub directory for LAUFZE download the compressed tar file containing the laufze software package decompress it and run tar xvf laufze version tar You will then have a directory containing the following files and subdirectories bin bin l examples man README src The file README contains a complete list of all files included in the laufze software package and a short explanation of these files 2 If needed recompile the software in the src subdirectory by runni
15. ng make f Makefile laufze and or make f Makefile laufps The software was tested under UNIX as well under LINUX and should therefore run on both platforms without any compatibility problems In the case of a LINUX system please use the corresponding Makefiles with the extension _linux_g77 or linux gfortran depending on your installed FORTRAN compiler 3 Executing LAUFZE Change to the subdirectory examples Here you will find an example for an input file To check your LAUFZE installation try the following bin laufze The program needs one input file in ASCII format You will be asked for the name of the input file and here you answer with laufze in This file contains all parameters to steer the travel time calculations and the layered velocity model All results of the program are written in a file called laufze out The output file you get should be identical to the file laufze out test distributed with the laufze software package Contents and structure of these files will be explained in the following sections The program LAUFPS uses the same input file format as LAUFZE but it needs three files one containing the P velocity model and ray definitions for the requested P phases one file containing the S velocity model and ray definitions for the requested S phases and one file containing additional parameters to steer the requested converted phases for both P to S and S to P types of phase conversions After starting the pro
16. number of multiple reflections can be calculated e g P3 PSKP SmS3 VII If the source is not at the surface for all phases of II VI the corresponding sur face reflections can be calculated e g pP sScS pP3KP VIII The multiple reflection s as defined under V will automatically be calculated for all above defined phases That means e g not only for the direct P phase a Moho reverberation PPmP will be calculated but also e g for pPKP we will get a pPKPPmP phase IX For the direct to the surface radiated wave see I reflections can be calculated from any layer between source and the Earth s surface down back into the Earth e g p450P or smS but also pP All parameters for steering the program must be given in a formatted ASCII file The program asks for the name of the input file All results of the program are written in a ASCII file called laufze out This file can then easily be edited and the listed travel time curves can then be plotted with any plotting routine or used as ASCII input for other programs LAUFPS is a program like LAUFZE but it calculates travel times not only for one model P or S but also for both models together in one step including converted phases However this program cannot be used to place receivers below the Earth s surface All settings for RECE see below are ignored The newest versions of the programs laufze laufps including source code this manual data files containing exa
17. o Q structure is given the program uses as default value Q z 10 However Q is always assumed to be frequency independent The source can be placed in any depth as well as the receivers However the receivers are by default assumed to be at the Earth s surface In the case of a spherical Earth model the Earth radius used for the Earth flattening transformation is 6371 km However the Earth s centre cannot be reached The velocities for depths at which they are not explicitly given are linearly interpolated The whole program is based on the ray approximation of seismic waves which means that the different kinds of seismic phases must be separately defined by the input parameters Travel time curves for the following phase types can be calculated I Direct waves from the source to the Earth s surface only in the case that the source is not at the surface II Diving waves from the source radiated down in the Earth Program Description PD 11 2 III Reflections from any layer below the source back to the Earth s surface e g PcP ScP PmP IV Reflections of diving waves at any layer back down into the Earth e g PP SS PKKP SKKS V Multiple reflections between any two layers e g PPmP a diving P wave from the source to the Earth s surface reflected from there back into the Earth and finally reflected at the Mohorovi i Moho discontinuity back to the surface VI For the phases III V any
18. of the NLA reverberations are travelling as converted phase NLA2 must be lt NLA 12 Program Description PD 11 2 In the following line s the reflections of diving rays at any layer back down into the Earth can be defined see IV of the program options in the Introduction For each such reflection 1 line in FORMAT 3110 is needed with the parameters IKMG MULT and MULT2 If no further reflections of this type shall be calculated one has to add a blank line IKMG is the number of the layer at which the ray is reflected e g for the surface reflection PP one has to set IKMG 1 MULT gives the number of reflections at this reflector e g for PP SS or PKKP one has to set MULT 1 for P3 S3 or S3KS one has to use MULT 2 MULT2 gives how many of the MULT reverberations are travelling as a converted phase MULT2 must be lt MULT e g the travel time curve of PPS will need to set IGMG 1 MULT 2 and MULT2 1 Finally multiple reflections for the steep angle reflections as defined with AZ REFL can be ordered with the following line s in FORMAT 2110 containing the parameter MULTR and MULTR2 No further multiples of this type have to be in dicated by another blank line MULTR give the number of multiples for each order steep angle reflection MULTR will e g result in PmP2 or ScS2 and MULT 2 will give e g ScS3 MULTR2 gives how many of the MULTR reverberations are travelling as conver
19. ted phase MULTR2 must be lt MULTR e g the travel time curve of PcPScS will need to set MULTR 2 and MULTR2 1 The directory examples contains files with one P laufp dat and one S velocity model laufs dat applying some of the mentioned settings In addition to these two model related files the program LAUFPS needs one file containing steering parameters for each travel time curve to define further phase conversions It is recommended to run the program in a first step with setting the parameter KONSAR to 0 and then editing the steering file again This steering file here e g called laufps in must contain the following information in the described format a In the first line the parameter KONSOR in FORMAT 15 KONSOR steers the general b For behaviour of LAUFPS 0 no conversions are calculated not even the ones defined above 1 only conversions from P to SV type phases are calculated 2 only conversions from SV to P type phases are calculated 3 all types of conversions are calculated each phase as calculated in a first test run after setting KONSOR 0 and then listed in laufps out with an own phase header one has to add one line with the parameters KON KONI NDISK1 KON2 NDISK2 in FORMAT 515 For the test run one can just add a large number of empty lines KON 0 no conversion for this phase 13 Program Description PD 11 2 1 this is a P phase and we get
20. the eventually reduced travel time AIN is the radiation angle at the source T is the travel time divided by the mean quality factor TT Q ATT is the amplitude attenuation due to T ie ATT EXP 2 PI f jer T P is the ray parameter meas ured in s deg and for diving waves also the depth km of the ray s turning point is given DELTA LI AIN Te ATT E ZS 4 961 Pr SLL 90 000 0 000 1 000 13 767 100 000 6 323 927033 85 613 0 000 1 000 1341277 105 303 6 995 101 248 83 803 0 000 1 000 13 687 110 602 7 549 108 820 82 420 0 000 1 000 13 647 115 897 8 040 115 504 81 258 0 000 1 000 13 607 121 186 8 488 121 598 80 238 0 000 1 000 13 568 126 472 8 906 T2 225 4 ED 339 0 000 1 000 13 529 133527539 9 299 132 574 78 477 0 000 1 000 13 490 137 029 9 673 L371 GS 77 696 0 000 1 000 13 451 142 301 10 031 142 418 76 966 0 000 1 000 13 413 147 569 10 375 147 021 76 277 0 000 1 000 13 374 152 832 Program Description PD 11 2 10 706 151 448 75 624 0 000 1 000 13 336 158 091 11 027 155 720 75 003 0 000 1 000 13 298 163 345 11 338 15 9 853 74 409 0 000 0 999 13 261 168 595 11 641 163 860 73 840 0 000 0 999 13 223 173 840 11 936 167 752 73 292 0 000 0 999 13 186 179 081 12 223 171 5239 72 765 0 000 0 999 13 149 184 317 12 504 175 230 12 209 0 000 0 999 13 112 189 549 TZ ai ec 178 832 71 762 0 000 0 999 13 076 194 777 13 049 182 351 71 284 0 000 0 999 13 039 200 000 Each layer of the model gives one block of rays numb
21. to reduce travel times P 0 000 s deg The travel times are calculated for a group velocity at a reference period of 1 000 s Model input depth velocity modified velocity depth function after application of the Earth flattening transformation FLATT EARTH 7 V Z Q Z U Z Q PER AZ Z Z FL 0 000 6 110 1000000 0 6 110 STRU 0 000 33 000 6 110 1000000 0 6 110 33 086 33 000 7 760 1000000 0 7 760 33 086 100 000 7 950 1000000 0 7 950 SOUR 100 793 U FL 6 110 6 142 7 800 8 077 Program Description PD 11 2 200 000 8 260 1000000 0 8 260 203 207 8 528 300 000 8 580 1000000 0 8 580 307 293 9 004 413 000 8 970 1000000 0 8 970 426 995 9 592 600 000 10 250 1000000 0 10 250 630 162 11 316 800 000 11 000 1000000 0 11 000 854 873 12 580 1000 000 11 420 1000000 0 11 420 1087 799 13 546 1200 000 11 710 1000000 0 11 710 1329 566 14 427 1400 000 11 990 1000000 0 11 990 1580 871 15 367 1600 000 12 260 1000000 0 12 260 1842 496 16 372 1800 000 12 530 1000000 0 12 530 2115 328 17 464 2000 000 12 790 1000000 0 12 790 2400 367 18 642 2200 000 13 030 1000000 0 13 030 2698 760 19 903 2400 000 13 270 1000000 0 13 270 3011 817 21 290 2600 000 13 500 1000000 0 13 500 3341 056 22 808 2800 000 13 640 1000000 0 13 640 3688 241 24 335 2898 000 13 640 1000000 0 13 640 REFL 3865 526 25 022 2898 000 8 100 1000000 0 8 100 3865 526 14 859 3000 000 8 220 1000000 0 8 220 4055 441 15 535 3200 000 8 470 1000000 0
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