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GeoTest User Manual

1. 3 000 Limit 22 Averaging method meausure until erence f Error lt limit rm C Dif Moving average n min step 1 lt limit d m C Diff Moving average n min step n minl lt limit start C No averaging take 1st reading Frequency Hz Sounding At each SEMAN position EJ E nH AB maz Switch on transmitter W Switch on booster iw Measure transmitter voltage Default settings HD Reset M Close How to control current Option 1 The measered voltage will be forced to be between the min and max values given by Voltage U limits mV This is done by adjusting the current Option 2 The maximum possible current is used The maximum current depends on the setting for Current mA max and the measured contact resistances or Gye DA AA AA Ss a E AE A AS A Sequence Option 1 do 1 measurement check the measured voltage control the current if necessary until the voltage is OK Then complete the next measurements for one averaging Option 2 do all measurements for one averaging check the average voltage to be within the min and max limits and control the current The option 2 is recommended in disturbed areas with very noisy data Voltage used for controlling U the in phase ohmic part of the complex voltage is used This is the default option U90 the out of phase part of the complex voltage is used This option may be useful for measuring high qualitative IP data
2. me ELURRA kE DENEAN Eee A ERR EL ea El 4 5 6 Bm Ee E E E O OO E A E 10 0 15 9 25 2 40 0 63 5 101 160 254 Spezifischer elektrischer Widerstand in Ohrr m This is a sketch of the multi electrode measurement principle The displayed example explaines the so called Wenner configuration The electrode distances are integer multiples of the minimum electrode separation Expanding the spread distance of current emitting electrodes A and B results in an increasing investigation depth The graphical display of the measured resistiviteis is called Pseudo Section Pseudo ex presses that this is not yet a real depth section The pseudo section will be shown during the measure ment on the computer display To progress from the pseudo section to the real depth section some 2 dimensional evaluation is necessary The evaluation includes topography corrections and calibra tions The shown depth section is the result of the inversion program Res2DInv For a further explanation of Geoelectric Tomography see Berktold et al 1997 or Friedel 1997 The investigation depth definition used in GeoTest is described in Roy and Apparao 1971 and Barker 1989 Edwards 1977 introduced another definition of the investigation depth See references GeoTest user manual e page 5 of 41 2 Supported hard and software 2 1 Computer GeoTest runs on desktop or notebook PCs with Windows 95
3. or later operating systems GeoTest runs on 64 bit systems like Win Vista 64 bit or Win7 64 bit as well Communication with the measurement device is done by a serial RS232 interface This RS232 interface may be an original COM1 port or a driver emulated COM port using an USB to serial adapter In this case please be sure to install the device driver software before using the adapter The computer hardware specifications are not critical We recommend e Windows XP 32 bit version or later e atleast512 MB RAM e 1 RS232 serial port or 1 USB port with an adapter USB to serial e incase of GPS measurements another RS232 serial port or USB to serial adapter 2 1 1 How to locate the installed COM port s The following explanation refers to the German Windows XP operating system Systemsteuerung h on pe aystembrederherstellung Automatische Updates Remote Allgemein Computername Aaa Erweitert F Anschl sse COM und LPT 7 ECP Druckeranschluss LPT 1 F kommunikationsanschluss COM14 b Eommunikationsanschluss COMZ Gerate M anager p gt F Prolific USB to Serial Comm Pork OMS This example shows 3 installed COM ports COM1 and COM2 are the standard COM ports of the desktop computer COM3 is an additionally installed USB to serial converter 2 2 Geoelectric equipment 2 2 1 LGM 4 Point Light hp ActEle Erich Lippmann is the manufacturer of this geoelectric equipment consisting of e 4 Po
4. more Getting started Geometric factors Res lt Dlnw Display more This tab allows additional user settings Language English Deutsch Language Prefered language Do automatic backup of data Do automatic backup of data 1 i The data will be saved into the codi alje aa displayed file within the lt Windows C MDokumente und Einstellungenwarmninanwendungedaten Geol est Geol es user application GeoTest gt folder This option can be very useful to avoid de data missing due to a sudden E breakdown of the notebook Measurement sound none e mo re a battery The backup data can be Factores Sl Test read using the main menu by File read backup file Measurement sound Play a sound after each measurement or not Factory reset All user made settings except software key are cleared by deleting the INI file If there is a software key this will not be deleted The user has to quit and restart the program During restart all parameters are set to default values Test This button allows some test routines which are available only for the manufacturer password required The user has to make the programm accept his choices by clicking the Set button Reset e Sel k 4 1 1 3 Measure 4 1 1 3 1 Measure contact resistances Measure Data Device Contact resistance Start t Electrodes contact resistances Electrode A kOhmOK Y Address A Settings daa A Electrod
5. USA USB to serial converter before cea meara CoN a a hea sure to set hi yen T auarate alrectiy in the device menu also poin port number 5 E baudrate 19200 Y light 10W only Electrode switch boxes single channel standard switch boxes mounted on a cable and connected to the electrodes directly multi channel combined switch boxes using 16 channels for 16 electrodes Be sure to make the correct setting Single channel swich boxes will not work using the multi channel setting Electrode switch boxes nt a 3 il multi channel Suggestion for a communication test Connect the standard device with the computer Prepare the Device like this 1 Switch on the device by pressing the RET _ Best _ X Cove and the 7 button on the device keyboard 2 only for device 4 point light 10W set the correct frequency setting and the correct baudrate using the menu of the device 3 Switch to the remote mode RMT by using the arrow keys Press again RET If the correct COM port and COM baudrate is set you should be able to communicate with the device You can test the communication this way Go to the GeoTest main menu gt Device Measuring device Click Initialize form If no error message appears and the firmeware version is displayed all is OK f single channel 2 2 2 GeoSys Future versions of GeoTest will support GeoSys hardware GeoSys Leipzig Germany 2 3 GPS Device GeoTest
6. Users in the United States We recommend to use 1 25 Hz 2 5 Hz 5 0 Hz or 10 0 Hz due to 60 Hz mains frequency x Measurement device 4 point light 10W This device is pre set to one of two frequency sets One set is suitable for measurements in Europe the other set is suitable for measurements in USA Please notice The device frequency presetting within the device menu must be the same as the frequencies displayed in the GeoTest software See chapter 2 2 1 for details The Set button will accept all settings It is necessary to press this button otherwise the settings will not be accepted 4 1 1 2 4 Setup program options Getting started This program option is useful for the user who runs GeoTest the first time After choosing the language the user is guided through the main settings of the program It is recommended to set all defaults from 1 to 5 Normally these settings are done only once when the user starts to use GeoTest See also chapter 0 Getting started Program options Getting started Geometric factors RessDinw Display mare f English f Deutsch 1 Registrate and un lock program A 2 Set measurement device y 3 Set cable configuration y 4 Set standard profile parameters y 5 Set standard measurement parameters Geometric factors Calculate geometric factors Calculate geometric factors The user can approximate use remote electrodes as infinite choose bet
7. Voltage U U90 limits mV The min and max values of measured voltages Depending on the user settings in Voltage used for controlling either the in phase ohmic or the out of phase part of voltage is used for controlling This box is only enabled if the How to control current option 1 is active Measurements mean This box gives access to all parameters concerning averaging The measurements are repeated until the deviations of the readings reach the defined Limit or the maximum number of measurements is reached Averaging is only done if n min gt 1 If n min 1 the measurement will be finished just after the first reading The averaging will be done until at least one of the two conditions is fulfilled number of readings gt n max or deviation of readings lt Limit n min minimum number of readings for one averaging n max maximum number of readings for one averaging Limit maximum allowed deviation of readings This error is defined as ABS standard deviation Vn U_mean 100 with n number of measurements U_mean arithmetic mean of measured voltage U or U90 Averaging method measure until This box chooses the type of averaging Option 1 measuring is done until the error of all readings is less than the given limit Option 2 n min values of the voltage are read and the average is calculated The next voltage will be read and the mean of the last n min values
8. A N M B N 2 The value of dipole separation is M A level 2 2 1 In the Wenner case the dipole separation is always 1 A 1 M 7 N 9 N 15 This is a Schlumberger configuration The dipole length is N M 2 The dipole separation is M A dipole length 6 2 3 in GeoTest Dipole separation lat al E last Dipole lengths Levels a lat 3 last Defaults Calculate max 32 The button Defaults will reset levels and dipole separation to default values depending on the used measurement type The button Calculate max will calculate the maximum possible level from the given dipole separation the number of available electrodes and the used measurement type The button with the question mark will show the sketch of the most common configurations see above Default settings Some pre defined settings are available Default settings By choosing one of the options the electrode configuration and corresponding dipole separation lengths and levels will none be set to defaults The measurement parameters may be set to defaults too 1 This option will define a Wenner A M N B configuration This type allows relatively high measurement voltages and enhanced depth penetration will give good results in disturbed areas as well use data without inversion 2 This option defines a dipole dipole A B N M con mas out of phase signal IP figuration This configuration h
9. End electrode displays the coordinates of the last electrode used in this electrode setup By checking this option the program will automatically compute the electrode positions from an equidistant grid beginning at the start electrode The user can choose the direction of the profile within the x y z coordinate system e The options x x y and y will calculate all electrode positions including the last electrode position from the 1 electrode position profile direction and electrode separation e The option gt last will calculate the electrode positions as well as the electrode separation from the 1 and last electrode positions W Calculate equidistant positions The electrode positions table will automatically be updated after clicking the Set button after choosing profiling or mapping parameters 4 1 1 2 2 6 Remote electrode positions This tab sheet displays information about the remote electrodes Remote electrodes are situated far away from the profile or the measurement grid Some of the electrode configurations like Pole Pole use remote electrodes some others like Wenner do not Profiling Mapping Moving electrodes GPS Electrodes positions Remote electrodes positions E ha M m rm 10 000 x m x m 10 000 y m j y m 1000 000 y m y m 1000 000 z m z m 0 000 z m z m 0 000 active W achive active iw active Calculate geometric factors when
10. be used as default for the data file name Some additional comment can be given to describe the measurement Data folder The default values for the disk drive and path data folder where data files will be stored The user may give another folder or file name during saving 4 1 1 2 2 2 Profiling This tab sheet gives access to all settings which are necessary for profiling measurements A profile is a linear sequence of electrodes situated along the Earth surface All electrodes have to be equidistant An example a sequence of 50 electrodes in 5 m separation gives a profile length of 250 m 5 m 245 m If the 1 electrode is situated at 5 m profile distance the total profile distances will range from 5 m to 250 m By default the profile direction is defined as the X direction Y is perpendicular to the profile and Z is the vertical coordinate Profiling Mapping Moving electrodes GPS Electrodes positions Remote electrodes positions Electrodes Configuration Electrodes constants Type ak tart electrode E adine Wnes H E lat r ni separation rm e A M N B 5000 500 Dipole lengths Levels A Spreads to be used W equidistant Dipole separation i 3 lat EE Y last 3 lat 50 a last Spread direction Defaults ri mi normal Calculate max 2 Actual measurement Roll or Use roll on technique Default settings 81 lat Setup none Sorting of data EA NA Reduce pseudodepths S
11. electrode data The program will re calculate geometry factors und resistivities Other profile or mapping parameters will not be updated 4 1 1 2 2 7 Custom made electrode configurations Type The user is able to customize the electrode configurations by himself The access to custom made electrode configurations is possible from the Custom made if profiling or the mapping mode as well Wenner beta Wenner halt Dipole Dipole Schlumberger Setup custom made electrode numbers Pole Pole Electrode numbers Pole Dipole Schlumberger 2 rte negative numbers for remote electrodes Sounding Custom made A E M M 9 12 10 11 After choosing Custom made and 13 10 11 pressing Set a new window appears This 7 14 10 11 window allows the setting of A B M and N E 15 10 11 electrode numbers by the user This example 5 16 10 11 shows some Schlumberger sounding with 4 17 10 ii potential electrodes M 10 and N 11 The 3 18 10 11 user has extended the sounding gt fo 4G 1i Clear configurations by adding values for M 8 and 1 20 10 11 iS 7 14 8 13 Pressing Set will take the configurations for i 7 M Close the current measurement file The respective a a a i electrode positions X Y and Z coordinates remain unchanged The user may change a a i these positions refering to the 4 1 1 2 2 5 i a a Electrodes positions chapter la E M N list M By pressing Read a measurement file option program data Progra
12. free modus w English with no limitations The registration data will be stored on the users computer in the INI data file EN Help Monitoring 4 1 1 6 4 Language The program supports the languages Deutsch and English Most of the Simulation mode program captions boxes buttons windows will immediately switch to the new language Registration 4 1 1 7 Help y English h E The Manual GeoTest willl display the GeoTest manual as a PDF document This document is the same as this document which you ETEC 2 read now Depending on the actual language settings the english Manual GeoTest Tutorial manual or the german Handbuch will be opened Manual PointLight hp The Manual GeoTest Tutorial gives some introduction into iNet www geophysik dr rauen de performing tomography measurements by using of step by step iNet latest GeoTest version examples FAG How Eo registrates The further options e g Manual 4PointLight hp will open the eMail rauen geophysik dr rauen de hardware documentation of the connected geoelectric equipment About iNet will launch the default internet browser software and load the internet website of the programmer of GeoTest FAQ will launch the internet browser software load the internet website and jump directly to the FAQ site concerning the registration procedure eMail will launch the default eMail client and will automatically create an email
13. inversion program www geoelectrical com This option is available only for mapping data See the respective Res3DInv manual d for further information Measurements per data file If a value gt 1 is set all the measurements will be saved into one single data file See the chapter Appendix R Time lapse resistivity inversion in the Res2DInv manual If Delete single dat is checked all files containing each one measurement will be deleted after completing In this case only the dat file s containing the multiple measurements will exist Please notice Due to Res2DInv limitations only resistivities and no phase or IP information are saved Detaults Senslnve Dl data gem imp Sensinv2D data gem imp This format is used by the SensInv2D program of Geotomography Dr Th Fechner Germany www geotomographie de See the respective SensInv2D documentation for further information 4 1 1 6 1 3 Monitoring Status Now The current date and time is displayed The checkbox Measurement Start stop Save Status List running is checked during the active Next measurement The date and time of measurement lt is unchecked during the How 28 09 05 15 20 22 the next scheduled measurement is dis waiting period i Measurement running played E Monitoring is active Hest measurement 28 09 05 16 20 13 4 1 1 6 1 4 Monitoring List a This tab shows the start date and time of all E
14. is calculated This averaging is done in a moving manner with a step of 1 measurement Option 3 same as option 2 but the step of the moving average is the same as the length of the moving average n min Option 4 no averaging is done At each ABMN position Reset electrodes This option depends on the usage of single channel or multi channel switch boxes Standard single channel switch boxes will reset the electrodes before setting the electrodes multi channel switch boxes will not See chapter 2 2 1 for an explanation Switch on transmitter the transmitter will be switched on before each measurement This option is not recommended for standard measurements because the transmitter will be switched on only one time at starting Switch on booster The external votlage supply so called booster will be switched on before each measurement Dpending on the kind of electrodes hardware the booster could be necessary for cable length more than 300 m or 500 m Recommended checked Measure transmitter voltage the transmitter output voltage is measured too The transmitter voltage gives information about the electrical power which the transmitter is applying to the ground This parameter may be useful for checking the actual contact resistances Depending on the option set the transmitter current step or transmitter voltage is displayed in the Transmitter box of the main form See chapter 4 1 6 Recommended checked The n A
15. measurements Reduce pseudodepths Reduce pseudodepths The user may confine the pseudodepth values of the data By checking of 5 to in 10 000 m this option the data will be reduced inside or outside the given depth 47 210 ot Hz interval Example Data between 10 m and 20 m pseudodepths will be 20 000 m reduced to 40 of the original amount 4 1 1 2 2 3 Mapping This tab sheet controls mapping measurements The electrodes are situated along a 2 dimensional grid on the Earth surface The grid can be a regular and rectangular grid with given X and Y spacings and X and Y grid sizes The grid can also be a part of a regular grid e g U shaped or can be a circular grid Profiling Mapping Moving electrodes GPS Electrodes positions Remote electrodes positions Electrode positions e 4 farid Configuration Y direction mi Type O 2 4 B 8 v GE a l l o Pole Pale Grid size 7 el ig Spreads to be used Spacing E E P and y ln E g Dipole lengths Levels 1 00 25 pe a l i x Ist a 0 2 4 E E 10 Y last mi Start electrode 1 1 E direction Electrode positions Electrodes A A e El yo mo A E ts 2 m im 0000 mm 1 00 C Profiling f Mapping GPS Read settings fram file O Bet Electrode position X Y Grid This box controls the setup of the measurement grid The yellow fields within the box Start electrode 1 1 control the coordinates of the starting electrode Th
16. options Wenner Pole Pole alpha and Wenner beta are linear configurations which are used in profiling aa E Pole Pole l measurements also Square uses 4 field electrodes in square configuration Gradient uses Wenner alpha 2 field potential electrodes M and N and 2 remote current electrodes A and B This Wenner beta setting allows the computation of resistivities only for the case that the exact geometric K Square factors can be calculated from the known positions of the remote A and B electrodes SP Gradient Self Potential uses only 1 field electrode M for measuring the intrinsic voltage without SP Self Potential applying any current to the ground Custom made gives access to self made electrode Custom made lists see the respective chapter following Spreads to be used Spreads to be used The direction of the field electrode array is given The array z and y and diag can spread in X Y or diagonal direction as well The option all calculates all available spreads Dipole lengths Levels mE d y and diagonal al 44 ii Dipole lengths Levels This controls the distances EA last 3 only y only h within the electrode array Reset This buttons resets all changes to factory default settings After pressing the Set button two actions will take place in sequence a the grid will be calculated and b all electrode configurations will be computed and the pseudo section will be set to bla
17. part of the available electrodes Calibration Three electrodes are used for the calibration measurement By Electrodes Calibration default the calibration electrodes are the first three electrodes The user Freee E Electrodes for calibration may choose onother electrodes for calibration when one of the three E l l Ref Lal Cal 2 Lal 3 electrodes has bad ground contact or is locked The 1 of the calibration electrode Ref is the reference electrode for all following contact resistance i 3 2 3 5 measurements Current The program uses the test current for the measurement cycle The test current will automatically be reduced during poor ground contact high contact resistances to avoid an overload of the transmitter output Frequency The test frequency for the mesasurement cycle Num The number of measurements per one averaging Maximum contact resistance The user gives the maximum allowed contact resistance in the example 1 kQ Measurements The active A and B electrodes are displayed as well as the active transmitter voltage Buttons Clear will clear all displayed values The table and graphics are Uwsbubiloy cleared and all measured contact resistances are resetted Oates oa eating Show all will show all measured contact resistance data This may lt 24 electrode 1 to electrode 20 be useful after the measurement of only few electrodes minimum 0 211 kOhm at electrode 12 min max will display a short st
18. program runs in a limited locked mode In this mode the maximum number of electrodes is limited The user has to registrate the program to get a legal licence and to have access to all features The producer of GeoTest will dispose a registration key The chapter 3 2 describes the registration procedure Optionally the program GeoTest may be un locked by the use of a hardware key USB dongle xr Step 4 e Set measurement device Now the user has to configure the connected devices He has to configure the computer interface s also to allow communication between the software and the hardware See chapter 2 2 1 geoelectric equipment and chapter 2 3 GPS device All configurations up to this step are done only once after installation of GeoTest on a new computer x Step 5 e Set cable configuration The last important step is to configure the cables electrode chains The user has to set the number of electrode chains he wants to use Up to 10 cables are possible The user has also to set the electrodes addresses available with each cable These settings will be displayed in the setup cables and electrode chains window see chapter 4 1 1 2 1 Er Step 6 e Set Standard profile parameters The user may set standard values for the data header and the profile parameters See chapter 4 1 1 2 2 Er Step 7 e Set Standard measurement parameters The user may set standard values for the measurement parameters See chapter 4 1 1 2 3 4
19. und Spyware scannen German Windows XP _____ __ gt An Startmen anheften Set the respective parameter strings in the Senden an j Target German Ziel line Ausscheiden kopieren Einf gen mal SA Geol est kommandozeile leltyp Anwendung Verkndprung erstellen L schen Umbenennen Zielort Geol est Ziel Geol estexe d Mest tell monitoring start X R 5 About GeoTest 5 1 Software agreements Licence agreement The user of the software accepts the following conditions The user is allowed to install and use the software on one single computer to make one copy of the program as a safety copy to give the software to a third person only after a written consent of the producer The user is not allowed to give under licences or to sale or to lend the software or parts of the software to third persons to try to get access to the source code of the program by reverse engineering decompiling or other methods to use a former version of the software in the case of getting an upgrade of the software Extended licence agreement The user has the duty to comply with additional licence agreements which are valid for the delivered additional software products if there are Guarantee terms The Author guarantees that the software is developped carefully The software is very complex therefore the author cannot guarantee the absolute absence of software bugs or errors Liability There is no liability of the auth
20. 0 with n number of measurements U_mean arithmetic mean of all measured U U90 mV measured voltage out of phase part in mV dU90 error of measured U90 voltages in This error is defined as ABS standard deviation Vn U90_ mean 100 with n number of measurements U90_mean arithmetic mean of all U90 rho Ohmm resistivity in Ohm m phi mrad Phase angle in mrad This parameter is defined by the U90 to U ratio U90 mV U mV 1000 f Hz measurement frequency in Hz n number of single measurements used for the actual voltage average nAB number of average measurements performed at the actual ABMN position This number includes trials for current settings as well Profile m profile position in m This position refers to the mid point of the actual electrode configuration This parameter is only valid in the profiling mode Spread m the spread of the actual electrode configuration The spread is the distance between the first and the last electrode profiling mode or the maximum distance between 2 electrodes of a x y grid mapping mode PseudoZ m Pseudo depth This is the investigation depth as proposed in the paper from Roy and Apparao 1971 This is not the real depth therefore it is called pseudo depth Real depths will be calculated later using 2 D or 3 D inversion techniques not part of GeoTest see also Barker 1989 Please note there are some different d
21. 1 1 File New a new data file will be designed All currently measured data will be deleted and electrode and profile settings if set already have to be set again Read a previously measured data file will be read and displayed Save the current data file will be saved using the GeoTest data format ascii file with the extension tx0 All electrode and cable parameters settings measured contact resistances error messages and measured data are saved The saved data format is explained in the Data list chapter Read backup file This feature restores formerly saved backup data The Read backun file backup data will be saved automatically in certain time intervals e g 1 min d and additionally after completing the measurement The backup saving Read multiple data files and combine properties are set in the Set options menue see chapter 4 1 1 2 4 Setup program options more Restoring backup data may be very useful to save measured data after a e g computer shut down due to low battery This Save in Res2DInv Format option is disabled when automatic backup in the Set options menue is disabled Read multiple data files and combine This option allows to read multiple data files These files will be combined to one single data file This option is especially useful in Save in DC2dInvRes Format a combining data files of a roll on measurement project Save in DC2dTree Format or b combining data files which were measur
22. B max number gives the maximum number of measurement trials on one measurement position This number avoids an uncontroled duration of measurements in a very noisy area If this number is exceeded the measurement will be stopped and stored even if the error limit is not reached Default settings gives access to pre defined sets of measurement parameters EY Remark we recommend to use the standard settings Current mA this box controls the measurement current The min and max boxes limit the minimum and maximum currents Normally these boxes display the really available minimum and maximum current settings The now box displays the start setting No current measure self potential SP If this checkbox is active no current will be applied during the measurement Only the self potential is measured Please note proper self potential measurements require the use of unpolarizable electrodes no steel electrodes This option does not work with all hardware versions Frequency Hz This box can choose between standard measurements with using of one single frequency or frequency soundings The one frequency or the multiple frequencies are set x Measurement device 4 point light hp The user should take care of the correct frequency setting Users in Europe We recommend to use 1 04 Hz 2 08 Hz 4 16 Hz or 8 33 Hz these settings give maximum suppression of the 50 Hz mains frequency as well as the 16 7 Hz railway frequency
23. G eolest User Manual PALABRA DAA SEERA LAER LA AERO DEA AERA LA RARER EDAD RA LALA LE RA A RRA RAR RA MARA RE DA RRA DARA RADA Ne elevation m 15 204 AAA ry rT 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 as O M profile m 10 0 15 9 25 2 40 0 63 5 101 160 254 Resistivity in ohm m Geophysics Dr Rauen Contents A ee a re Oe Oo ey ee eet eee ee ere eee eer eee rene reer eee 2 IE Oa setae ca an tat A A Acs acedaceaeetaenae 3 1 Introducion Whats GOP CSU sce tend setae i 5 2 S pporned Nard and ads 6 2 1 o a COR eee ee ee ee ee eee eee 6 2 1 1 How to locate the installed COM port S ccccceccccccsseeeeeeseeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesseeeeeeeseeseeeeesseeeeeeesaeeeessaaeeees 6 2 2 GEOCISCH IC SOUND IN lt a Wea ea BS AE a E eed Geet ee aan 6 221 AGN ASP OMEGA HO FACIE lS eee achat gee yore a a a O ae 6 222 BOO OVS sia i cates lees aacya eae signee a bau ce acento sana covets anueuebcgdancac eaosueeesas a 8 2 3 GOPS A A be telae team eenadteteetnte erate 8 3 NStalatonso GEO CS arcades os Sa eat tte cd tact andres ce eb oa boina 9 3 1 A Oe E E T E E eet ea E nen eee 9 3 2 PREGIS U ainda aa do daa 9 3 3 Hardware key USB ONO cit dle opacas 9 CAN AA Po e ae eats ae seed a a 10 4 1 MI A eR we cena E A c Samakea ate 10 Adc heman Men cial pee haat a O A ence 11 Akee Fee A E A ee anne a e tte cheng cect camel rans as yun net taut E 11 WGA A A E Seeee eee tie 12 4 1 1 2 1 Setup cables and el
24. Introduction What is GeoTest GeoTest is a software for controlling geoelectric equipment in combination with many electrodes This type of geoelectric measurement is called Multielectrode Geoelectrics Using two dimensional or three dimensional inversion techniques additionally for evaluation this method is known for Geoelectric Tomography Geoelectric tomography is a modern type of 4 point geoelectrics 4 point means for one measurement always four electrodes are used Two electrodes serve as current emitting electrodes These are usually named A and B Two other electrodes measure the potential difference voltage These are the M and N electrodes The measurements can be done in two principal different orientations GeoTest supports both e Profiling this means measurements where the electrodes are set along a linear profile on the earth surface The measurement profile is 1 dimensional e g in x direction and the result will be a 2 dimensional depth section which is a plane in e g x and z direction e Mapping the electrodes are set along a 2 dimensional grid on the earth surface The measurements are done in a 2 dimensional plane e g in x and y directions The result will be a 3 dimensional block containing x y and Z coordinates The following pictures show some explanation of the technique to measure one geoelectric profile profiling A MIN B V A MIN B D0 0 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 D9 9
25. MO AILGMING Status A a caret ta ee acta eee ane ds 33 4 1 1 6 1 4 MA a A cous oeGsuten seuss et aiceenens Accu sac menace atentstsat uscnes neem enoueee 33 AVN Smua MOS A recat E aE 34 4 1 1 6 3 FS GIS UG ABOU eras carson RO 34 4 1 1 6 4 AAA aise nade einen cea i een hGeedane ma 34 A Rie a ne ee ee Se Ne ee re 34 41 2 gt IPSCUDO SCCIOMS assets dd 35 4 1 2 1 Profiling mode pseudo depth SectiONS ooccccoccncccocnnccononoconnnnnconnnonnnnnnonnonononnnnonnnnnnononaninnnnanons 35 4 1 2 2 Mapping mode horizontal SliC S ccc 20 costae ia 36 Ao Data od ii as ts laico cado 37 ASIA Electrode SWIECI DOK id aid 39 Alas 10 a o AAA a A caus a a AE a 39 Arko O ens Peni eee ee ore en 39 Ak WROCCIN A O A o A ee O TAN 39 ATEO Measurement StatUS o ee ned 39 AN O A O 39 4 2 Examples performing MeasureMents occcccoccncccccnnccocnnccnnnnnonononononcnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnenanennnos 40 4 3 The GeoTest command line paraMeters ooccccccccncccccnnocennncnonnnnononnnnnonnnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnonennnennnnnnonaninons 40 5 ADQUESSO TOS ad dad doo 41 5 1 SO NWare agree a ee 41 5 2 Program and manual Veritas tata 41 5 3 RAK 81 2 A A 41 TOT SIN A ete ea te Facet ae Neen ee eae a ue eens 41 0 Getting started GeoTest is a powerful software tool for data acquisition and controlling of geoelectric equipment using many electrodes so called multi electrode geoelectrics Profiling and ma
26. Monitoring is active CAME AA measurements which are performed until List now If some problem occured e g missing ateiti stop mate AS as data file this will be shown also 20 09 2005 15 20 14 GeoTest user manual e page 33 of 41 4 1 1 6 2 Simulation mode EA The simulation mode is used to test the ERAN sequence of electrode switchings and Monitoring measurements During running the simulation mode all readings and settings are simulated ee J and not really per formed This may be a useful Registration option to test complex measurement arrays Deutsch The simulation mode will open a window to English control the simulated voltages by the user This 1230 window will always stay on top of the desktop in order not to forget this modus Add random error 3 Delay time ms S00 Er Please pay attention This simulation mode is not able to perform real geoelectric measurements 4 1 1 6 3 Registration EN a This form controls the registration of the program Monitoring In case of missing registration the program will run in a limited modus only in this limited modus the maximum amount of electrodes used is limited to 20 The Simulation mode limited modus is realized to give some interested user the possibility to test the program in some demo modus The registration procedure is described in chapter 3 2 of this manual After Deutsch registration or usage of a hardware key the program runs in the
27. S positions continu O one per geoelectric cycle ously or to measure one position per geoelectric cycle default option Before starting geoelectric cycle Before starting a new geoelectric measurement the user can choose to W measure contact resistances Measure the contact resistances also Measure by The button GPS setup gives access to the GPS settings like GPS Antenna height rm COM port baudrate or NMEA sentence The antenna height is 2 100 GPS setup the vertical distance between the GPS antenna and the ground Z coordinate The user can 0 Z measured antenna height f measured antenna height pseudodepth choose how to handle the z coordi nates altitude By default elavation data are computed by Z m GPS altitude reading m antenna height m pseudo deph m After completing geoelectric cycle This box allows the Ww Restart automatic restart of a new Automatic saving of data files W Automatic combining all data files to geoelectric measurement test tel Filename cycle after the former cycle eS aioe h h E E rod at the former position is Stop and go user nas to start the measurement when the new position ls reache completed If the user f Continue measurements are done without user interaction chooses automatic saving the program will create a filename from the actual data and time readings and save the data into this file All soundings from all positions can be saved into one
28. and fixed physically to one switch box and one electrode The addresses may be in increasing or in decreasing order as well The user can choose electrode chains by checking the respective check boxes The actual electrode numbers of each used cable are shown and can be edited x Up to 10 cables are possible The number of cables displayed here depends on the cable setup settings If the user wants to use another amount of cables he has to do the cable setup again He can do this by pressing the Set new user defaults button See chapter 0 Gettings started and Step 2 3 set cable configuration Electrodes used transformed After clicking Set GeoTest will calculate a series of electrode numbers from the active addresses The amount of active electrodes is displayed in Electrodes The electrode numbers will start with the number given in 1st editable and will end with the number written in last Profiling Electrodes constants The editable yellow boxes characterize the very 1 electrode in the profile It is the number of the start electrode the position of the start electrode corresponding to the profile and the electrode separation between two adjacent electrodes all electrodes are equidistant These values remain constant even during a Roll on measurement Start and Stop display the profile position of the 1 active electrode and the last active electrode By clicking the Roll on button the cable sequence will be chang
29. ans BNMA normal De i IEEE both and both means the combination of normal and inverse AMNB BNMA The latter results in doubling of the data amount Dipole length Levels means the separation between the potential electrodes M and N and or the current electrodes A and B in units of electrode numbers In the Wenner case this separation is commonly named level The dipole length equals a in the following figure Dipole separation means the separation of the current emitting dipole A B or the nearest current electrode A or B and the potential measuring dipole M N in units of integer multiples of the dipole length The dipole separation equals n in the following figure Wenner ochlumberger Dipole Dipole n 1 Wenner beta Pole Dipole ochlumberger half n 1 Wenner half Pole Pole a dipole length level n dipole separation Berktold et al 1997 Geoelektrik In Kn del K Krummel H amp Lange G Herausg Geophysik Handbuch zur Erkundung des Untergrundes von Deponien und Altlasten Band 3 65 367 Springer Verlag Some Examples of dipole separation and dipole length or level A 1 B 3 N 7 M 9 This is a Dipole Dipole configuration The dipole length is B A M N 2 The dipole separation is N B dipole length 4 2 2 A 1 M 3 N 5 B 7 This is a Wenner configuration In the Wenner case the dipole length is commonly named as level The level M
30. as some advantages compared to the Wenner configuration better horizontal resolution increased data amount The main disadvantage is reduced measurement voltages which maybe a problem in disturbed urban environments By default only increasing spreads are used see box Spreads to be used 3 This option means the same as the above but with using of more spreads than only increasing ones using of all spreads which differ at least by 1 electrode separation see box Spreads to be used This results in a higher data amount as above 4 This option is the half Schlumberger configuration A M N with one electrode B being very far away This configuration allows an increased depth penetration compared to 4 electrode configurations like Schlumberger A M N B 5 This option results in an averaged half Wenner configuration This means 2 complete measurement runs with normal and inverse directions electrode configurations A M N and N M A with the electrode B being very far away The electrode M remains in the middle of the spread and 2 measurements will be averaged and attached to this point The resistivities will be averaged by using the geometric mean V a b the phase angles are calculated by using the arithmetic mean a by2 The pseudo sections displayed will show the mean values This configuration delivers a pseudo section quite similar to the inverted data section Therefore this option may be useful in cas
31. atistics of measured contact aaa e EI maximum 0 746 kOhm at electrode 1 resistances like to be seen at the right side Reset will reset all settings to defaults and will reset all measured contact resistances as well Start will start the measurements alternativeley pressing the lt RET gt key The button caption will change to Stop Pressing the button now alternatively pressing the lt RET gt or the lt ESC gt key will stop the actual measurement Close will close the form Contact resistances of all 20 electrodes are OK Performing of automatic contact resistance measurements e Calibration Three electrodes are used for a calibration of the measurement procedure By default these are the first 3 electrodes One of these 3 electrodes will serve further on as the reference electrode The calibration procedure results in the known contact resistance of this reference electrode e Measurement After the auto calibration resistances are measured between the reference electrode and a 2 electrode The 2 electrode moves fro the beginning to the end of all available electrodes The reference electrode and the 2 electrode are choosen as current emitting electrodes A and B The test current is applied The transmitter voltage is measured The contact resistance of the 2 electrode computes from the transmitter voltage devided by the transmitter current minus the known contact resistance of the reference e
32. blems Not every USB to serial converter works properly If you get some communication problem it is most likely a result of not proper functioning of the USB to serial converter You could fix this problem by either 1 updating the USB to serial converter driver software or by 2 using another converter How to configure the computer interface and the hardware setup Go to the GeoTest main menu Set Options Getting started Set measurement device Device version Device version The hardware version 4 point light hp older version manufactured until 2007 grey case left side uses a fixed serial baudrate of 1200 The hardware version 4 point light 10W newer version manufactured since 2007 red and black case right side allows to choose a maximum serial baudrate up to 38400 Frequency set The instruments uses 1 of 2 possible frequency sets The used frequency set should be optimized to the actual mains frequency because of the maximum suppression of undesirable electromagnetic coupling Be sure to set the mains frequency directly in the device menu also 4 point light 10W only Serial interface COM 1 COM port number e g COM1 if you use the standard COM port of your computer If your computer does not have any COM a Ut BOG as Ea f D E EE T om A a f 4 point light hp Frequency set optimized for mains frequency port you have to install a COM port e g using an fe 50 Hz Europe BO He
33. can be re measured by clicking into the pseudosection MEAN using the right mouse button 2 Measure Data 90 Mein GeoTest user manual e page 36 of 41 4 1 3 Data list ACC A E CI E CO O CO CO CA CC E A CO CO CO CO CC O A CI a 394 25 55 36 45 15 0000 1 7203 036 0 01120 141 60 8 825 6 5 416 1 160 000 120 000 13 2000 395 26 56 36 46 15 0000 1 69773 0 33 O 00413 244 90 20 44E 243 416 3 1 164 000 120 000 13 2000 em 1 34 12 23 15 0000 6 34043 0 10 O 00507 200 70 116858 050 416 3 1 70 000 132 000 14 5200 agr 2 35 13 24 15 0000 451027 0 06 0 05347 2610 3 127 11 65 416 3 1 4000 132 000 14 5200 398 3 36 14 245 15 0000 268247 0 05 0 00407 140 20 49 440 152 416 3 1 fo 000 132 000 14 5200 The data list contains the summary of measured data This is the same data as available by pressing the Data Show overview option of the main menu and the same data to be stored into a file The displayed data list displays the results of 1 frequency setting If there exist measurements of more than one frequency the user can switch to another frequency by cklicking the Frequency settings option Explanation of data num number of measurement A B M N number of elctrodes A B M N mA measurement current in mA U mV measured voltage in phase part ohmic part in mV dU error of measured voltages in This error is defined as ABS standard deviation Vn U_mean 10
34. combined single file by choosing the combine all data files option Stop and go means that the user has to restart a new sounding after completing the old sounding by pressing a button ideal for stop connect electrodes measure disconnect electrodes move Continue means that no user interaction is necessary The program will measure one sounding after the other ideal for rolling devices measuring during moving 4 1 1 2 2 5 Electrodes positions This tab sheet displays the 3 dimensional coordinates of all used field electrodes In case of profiling measurements these are the equidistant profile electrodes in case of mapping measurements these are the electrodes situated in the grid nodes The remote electrodes if there are any are displayed in the next tab sheet named Remote electrode positions ur The coordinate system is the same for profile electrodes grid electrodes and remote electrodes The units are meters can be e g Gauss Kruger coordinates By default the X direction is the direction of the profile The Y direction will run perpendicular to the left of the profile and the z direction is positive upwards That means depths below the earth surface will get negative values Profiling Mapping Moving electrodes GPS Electrodes positions Remote electrodes positions 1 000 Lock all electrodes a ever 7 unlock all Y y Read positions from list Save positions The electrode coord
35. configuration electrode configuration wenner is set See the sketch on the next side for an explanation of the most common configurations Some configurations use far or remote electrodes A remote electrode is not part of the addressed electrode chain It is connected directly to the respective terminal of the earth Dipole Dipole resistivity meter Ideally the distance of the remote electrodes should be 2chlumberger 10 times the maximum electrode spread used In case of Pole Dipole or BAe d h i ee ea ole Dipole Schlumberger Wenner half configurations the current emitting electrode B is the c umdimc ne remote electrode In case of pole pole configuration the current electrode ama E B and also the potential electrode N must be remote In case of SP self potential measurements only the voltage electrodes M and N are used where the electrode N may be remote depending on the settings The Gradient array also used 2 voltage field electrodes M and N and supplies current using 2 remote electrodes A and B The edit fields below show a sketch of the electrode configuration The white field shows the used electrodes the blue field shows the remote or far electrode s See the Pole Dipole half Schlumberger example left The option custom made gives access to user created electrode configurations See the respective chapter following Pole Dipole Schlumberger ir Remark SP self potential m
36. d degrees and m minutes and fractions of a minute GeoTest converts this format into degrees with decimal fractions Southern latitudes or western longitudes are saved as negative values The 3 dimension Z is saved in meters Lo longitude deg Eastern longitudes are positive western longitudes are negative La latitude deg Northern latitudes are positive southern latitudes are negative Z height m GPS reading Z m minus antenna height m optionally minus pseudo depth m see 4 1 1 2 2 4 The height is positive in upward direction Time hh mm ss ss This colums contains the time stamp The time is read from the computer system time U Tx V This is the measured transmitter output voltage Like in the pseudo sections one single measurement can be re Please confirm A measured by clicking into the respective field using the right mouse a 2 Measure Data 309 button Clicking the left mouse button the respective data box in the pseudosection will blink This makes it easier to find the corresponding Mein box in the pseudosection Xx Remark the Edit data menu gives access to the data see chapter 4 1 1 4 Within this menu the user can see some statistics for each parameter and the user is able to edit each parameter 4 1 4 Electrode switch box ABMN The currently active electrode numbers are displayed The white fields display the Address Electrode numbers calculated by the p
37. e grid sizes and also the spacings are given for X and Y direction separately The box Electrode positions gives access to the type of the measurement grid Regular loops and Regular zig zag describe a regular and rectangular grid of electrode positions The grid sizes and spacings for the X and for the Y direction are given The examples show a grid of the dimensions 7 x 7 electrodes X grid index between 1 and 7 Y grid index between 1 and 7 Starting electrode 1 1 is located at 1m 1m Last electrode 7 7 is located at 7m 7 m Regular loops Regular zig zag Last electrode at 7 7 Start electrode at 1 1 Rectangle U shaped 2 nl al l La L shaped Circle 1 om oo 4 i x m m From electrodes table This option reads the electrodes positions from the list in the electrodes position tab This option may be useful for the setup of a custom made or not regular electrode grid Er Remark The 3D inversion program Res3DInv does not support all electrode configurations which are possible in GeoTest Configuration Type selects the electrode configuration type Pole Pole uses 2 field electrodes A and Configuration M and additionally 2 remote electrodes N and B The actual positions of the remote Type electrodes can be given in the tab sheet Remote electrode positions If the coordinates are known the exact geometric factors can be calculated see Program
38. easurements require the use of unpolarizable electrodes SP measurements will not work with standard steel electrodes x Remark Gradient measurements with remote A and B electrodes give no resistivity values if the remote electrodes are assumed to be infinitely far away In this case no geometry factor K is possible GeoTest is able to calculate resistivities when using the exact positions of the remote electrodes Spreads to be used This box is active only if the Dipole Dipole or loni increasing ia Schlumberger configuration is chosen The spread is the length of the oles easa electrode array from the first to the last electrode along the profile The PUERTA spread depends on the actual settings of the dipole separations and the al dipole lengths The program increases the spread by increasing dipole separation and dipole length simultanously in different ways e only increasing spreads are used spreads which are longer than the previous used spreads This is the standard option e all possible spreads are used all dipole separation und length combinations This option may result in doubled data point e all spreads which differ by at least 1 electrode distance e all spreads which differ by at least 2 electrode distances all with min step 1 electrode all with min step 2 electrodes Spread direction Three options are available In case of the Wenner roma configuration the normal option means AMNB reverse me
39. ectrode ChAainS oocccccccnnccccncncconnnconononononononnnnnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnonnnonos 12 4 1 1 2 2 Setup electrodes and data header occcccoccnccccnncccocnncconnnccnonnnncnnnnononnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnonanononaneninnnnoss 13 4 1 1 2 2 1 Data CACC ica cee O atc ae 13 4 1 1 2 2 2 A A Eee Ree tone aye 13 4 1 1 2 2 3 o A ee eer ene eer ere eer 17 4 1 1 2 2 4 MOVING electrodes GES ness li 19 4 1 1 2 2 5 Electrodes POSIION Sei ls 20 4 1 1 2 2 6 Remote electrode POSITIONS visi seen ies Dehn aiia a Ee ra ei 22 4 1 1 2 2 7 Custom made electrode COnfiguratiOns cccccccseececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesaeeeeeeeseeeeeeseaeeeaeesenees 23 4 1 1 2 2 8 Setting electrodes and data header ooooccncccoonncococoncccncconncnnnnononnnnnnonnnnnnonnnnrnnnnonnnnennnnnnnros 23 4 1 1 2 3 Setup measurement paramMeters ccccoocccccccconocononoconnnnnnncononancnnnnanononnnnnnnnnnnonnnnnnnnanonaninnnnanen 24 4 1 1 2 4 Setup progra ODIOS doi te ia came eee 26 A 28 4 1 1 3 1 Measure Contact reSiStANnCes cccccecccsseccsseeceneecensecsueeeceeeesaueesecesueesueessaeecsueeseesaesuesaesaeeas 28 4 1 1 3 2 MeaSute sta SUC ch soca Foc a chal dense esse a eae Td 30 AMA Di a A A 31 AA DI Ca eee See ee ee 31 A PPP tes eae senate cen ys eee setae esate se eee R 32 4 1 1 6 1 MONO Data mai a MrT a Serene mTorr TT 32 4 1 1 6 1 1 MOnkorng lt Starts eases dd en eee a e a E OS 32 4 1 1 6 1 2 MORILOFING Save sais a aid 32 4 1 1 6 1 3
40. ed in that way that the first cable will be placed after the last cable GeoTest will re calculate the profile electrode numbers See the document Manual_GeoTest_Tutorial pdf for an explanation of the roll on procedure If the actual measurement mode is Mapping the box Profiling will be disabled Defaults The defaults values are the electrode chains active or not adresses and the electrode constants yellow fields The button set new user defaults will aks for new settings as the new default values Reset will use the default values as the new actual settings Example In the above example 3 chains are used chain 1 3 and 5 with the corresponding addresses 1 20 41 60 81 100 These are 60 adresses GeoTest will use 60 profile electrodes The number of the 1 electrode is given to 100 therefore the profile electrodes will cover the range from 100 to 159 The 1 profile electrode 100 corresponds to electrode address 1 The last profile electrode 159 corresponds to electrode address 100 The electrode separation is set to 5 m The start electrode is the number 1 at profile position 1 5m 5 m The 1 profile electrode is located at 100 5 m 500 m The last profile electrode is located at 159 5 m 795 m 4 1 1 2 2 Setup electrodes and data header 4 1 1 2 2 1 Data header Data header Data folder test Data name parallel to road Data comment name of operator User CE Comment Data header The data name will
41. ed on the same profile using different electrode configurations e g Wenner plus Dipole Dipole Save in Res1D format data is saved using the data format of the Res1D geoelectric inversion program by GeoTomo software M H Loke Malaysia Save in CS TAT Format www geoelectrical com This is a 1 D inversion software for evaluation of Schlumberger or Wenner soundings Save in Res2Dinv format data is saved using the data format of the E Save in SensInw2D Format Save in ResistivibyImagerzD Format Save in Earthimager Format Read measured data From device Save parameter set to device Res2DInv geoelectric inversion program by GeoTomo software M H Loke Malaysia www geoelectrical com This is a 2 D inversion software for Exit program evaluation of profile measurements of resistivities done along 1 profile direction Save in Res3DInv format data is saved using the data format of Res3DInv geoelectric inversion program by GeoTomo software M H Loke Malaysia www geoelectrical com This is a 3 D inversion software for geoelectrioc measurements done using 2 directional x y grids Save in Sensinv2D format This format is used by the SensInv2D program of Geotomography Dr Th Fechner Germany www geotomographie de This is a 2 D inversion software for evaluation of profile measurements of resistivities done along 1 profile direction Save in Resistivitylimager2D format This forma
42. ediately after Start monitoring pressing the Start button dd mm yy hhmm ss Step The time interval between 2 51108 loeogog 4 now E The displayed example Step Stop monitoring Date and time of the last pears days hours minutes seconds measurement If never is checked the D Ej gi EJjo St measurements will be continued until the F hon user presses the Stop button Ha ee ne measure contact resistances checking A AA Defaults this option will result in measuring the W never electrode contact resistances before starting each new geoelectric measurement measure contact resistances Start will start the monitoring Stop will stop the monitoring Defaults will overwrite the current settings and will reset them to defaults Close closes this form 4 1 1 6 1 2 Monitoring Save The user checks the files he wants to be saved ES Monitoring Start stop Save Status List e Star Program data tx0 original data file Program data tx0 including all settings and data Res2DInv data dat Data is saved using p Hes2D Inv data dat the data format of the Res2DInv geoelectric Measurements per data file inversion program by GeoTomo software in lw Delete single dat M H Loke Malaysia www geoelectrical com x A aaa cine See the respective Res2DInv manual for further information Res3DInv data dat Data is saved using the data format of the Res3DInv geoelectric
43. efinitions of depths obtained in tomography measurements Edwards 1977 introduced the effective depth This depth definition is different to the investigation depth definition of Roy and Apparao 1971 ResXDinv inversion software uses the effective depth definition of Edwards 1977 Positions X m Y m Z m or Lo deg La deg Z m The type of position coordinates may be either X Y and Z each in metric units or longitude latitude both in degrees and Z metric unit The latter is used in case of active GPS readings X m Y m and Z m This coordinate type is the default type X Y and Z are the 3 spatial coordinates of the measurement point The coordinate system is a rectangular cartesian right hand system with metric units e g Gau f3 Kr ger In case of profiling measurements the default settings are a system with X profile distance m Positive in profile direction Y distance m in the direction perpendicular to the profile Positive to the left Z height m elevation calculated from the elevation of the active electrodes minus pseudo depth Positive upwards Lo deg La deg and Z m These are the 3 spatial coordinates of the measurement point in case of active GPS measurements The coordinate data is read from the GPS device using the NMEA 0183 standard The original NMEA data format of geographical longitude Lo and latitude La is a little distorted Lo dddmm m and La ddmm m with
44. es Calibration q fm 3 Current Frequency num 5 B 5 000 m Maximum contact resistance 1 000 kO him Measurements Active AB Electrodes Transmitter voltage so 100 350 200 a g2 39 Clear a Show all rain MAs l l z0 30 40 Reset M Close Electrode This form controls the measurement of contact resistances The contact resistance is the resistance impedance measured in Ohm Q between one electrode and ground Although the measurements are done by pairs of electrodes the contact resistance of each measured electrode is calculated and shown against the respective electrode number For comparison the respective electrode address is shown too The lower the contact resistance the more current can be applied to the ground High quality geoelectric measurements need low contact resistances Optimal contact resistances are lt 600 O Nevertheless even much higher contact resistances gt 50 000 Q 50 kQ may give useable geoelectric measurements The measured contact resistances are shown as a data list and in a graphics display The graphics show also the maximum allowed contact resistance as a horizontal red line in the example 1 KQ Settings Electrodes The numbers of 1 and last electrodes to be measured can be set By default these are the 1 and last available electrodes formerly set in the Electrodes and data header chapter 4 1 1 2 2 1 menu The user may choose only a
45. es where no inversion is available or wishable See Hennig et al 2005 6 This is the most suitable option for IP measurements Wenner using special IP sorting is used This electrode configuration gives the maximum signal noise ratio which is best for the expected low out of phase voltages Sorting of data Sorting of data Sort by e pum 4 amp 4 OB CM CN AA e ncreasing f Decreasing By default the data is sorted by data number The user can change the type of sorting and also the direction of sorting x Remark Sorting by increasing A can be very useful in case of Roll On measurements See the Manual_GeoTest_Tutorial pdf for an explanation of the roll on procedure Using this type of sorting a message will apear just below the electrode switch box as soon as the first used cable or electrode chain could be un plugged The user is then able to dis assemble the first cable with the connected electrodes He could plant the new electrodes using the free cable as the extension of the profile This could be done while the measurement is still running This procedure may save measurement time Cable 1 13 free Er Remark Sorting by IP means a special kind of sorting optimized for IP measurements Electrodes are not used as potential electrodes immediately after using them as current electrodes During applying of current high self potentials may occur These high self potentials may reduce data quality of following voltage
46. how E transmitter voltage option in the measurement parameter section is checked m 17 0000 chapter 4 1 1 2 3 the needle indicator will display the transmitter voltage in V not the transmitter current step In this case one additional measurement namely the transmitter voltage is necessary 4 1 7 Receiver Receiver This box shows the current voltage measurement Only the in 1 1 1180 R E phase part of the voltage is shown The green symbol in the middle A 1 203 10 100 shows correct voltage readings Too low or too high voltages will 1 203 J 10t result in red symbols A Sn 1 236 Double left clicking into the mV label will show an expanded list hs 1 Y 2 D 2 ofmeasured voltages mi 1 230 4 18 Measurement status Measurement This box displays the current status of the measurements to be performed The 3 of 100 extrapolated remaining measurement time is displayed too f min 36 s 17 50 Device Battery o 1404 4 1 9 Battery power Device Ext Battery The battery power of the geoelectric device is shown Depending on the hardware v 1195 used also the external 12 V power and notebook battery capacity may be shown Computer Battery This display is updated automatically every 30 seconds e External power Battery are 4 2 Examples performing measurements See the extra Manual_GeoTest_Tutorial pdf document This ducument explains the usage of GeoTest by some examples of geoelectric tomograp
47. hy measurements e Example 1 Dipole dipole tomography e Example 2 Wenner tomography using Roll on technique 4 3 The GeoTest command line parameters GeoTest can be run using command line parameters GeoTest will read the command line parameters immediately after starting the program The following command line parameters are possible see the following example e 1 parameter example d _ test txO name and folder of the data file to be read Automatically read the data file which includes all settings including electrodes and data header measurements parameters monitoring settings all series of ABMN settings The data file may contain already measured data or may be blank e 2 parameter monitoring automatically switch into the monitoring mode e 3 parameter start automatically run the measurement in monitoring mode If the user copies the GeoTest shortcut with the respective parameter strings into the Windows Auto Start folder the program GeoTest will automatically be started after starting or re starting of Windows This may be used for completely automatic and autonomous monitoring measurements without the need for handling by a user How to set parameter strings Locate the GeoTest icon somewhere on the Se A Windows destop Place the mouse cursor on the p linen icon and click the right mouse button to open the Ausf hren als properties options See the screenshot of my GeoTest exe nach Viren
48. ima um dura Uso m auso Changed i 38 Delete all measurements with A and E current electrodes C1 and C2 MM and H potential electrodes Pl and P2 AB MN af Re measure AE Add offset to electrode numbers sl ahs x Close Electrode number count O The displayed example allows the user to delete and susequently re measure all data containing the displayed electrode number 85 4 1 1 5 Device Device Extra This menu controls the hardware connected to the computer Measuring device is the geoelectric device controlling current and measuring voltage Measuring device SBM ABMN is the electrode switching device GPS is the GPS device if connected GFS GeoTest user manual e page 31 of 41 4 1 1 6 Extra 4 1 1 6 1 Monitoring Doro OS This option allows time dependent measurements along the same profile line All HE current settings cable profile and measurement parameters will be used The measurements will be triggered automatically depending on the system time and saving will be done automatically as well The following forms give access to all settings Simulation mode Registration Deutsch w English 4 1 1 6 1 1 Monitoring Start stop a oy Ww z z W st E Monitori ix Start monitoring Date and time of the 1 IA A SEE measurement If now is checked the first Start stop Save Status List measurement will be done imm
49. inates table Stark electrode xo 000 vio 0000 sim ooo Profilirig Direction End electrode eA H REL y m a z m W Calculate equidistant positions aes 30301014 Reset The table gives the electrode number and the respective X Y and Z coordinates The above shown example displays the electrode positions of a profile line The line expands in positive x direction and reaches from 1 m 1 electrode to 49 m last electrode The y coordinates are perpendicular to the profile direction and are all zero The z coordinates display the elevation of each electrode and are all zero too The column type gives access to more information about the type of electrodes Locked electrodes are indicated by X and borehole electrodes are indicated by Bx with x number of borehole Locked electrodes A x or X written in the type column will force the program not to use the respective electrode locked electrode This option may be useful to exclude electrodes with poor ground contact The user may choose to lock all electrodes with odd or even numbers to reduce the amount of data to be masured See the example 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000 6 000 000 o 000 3 000 10 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 Lock all electrodes 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 e sg even unlock all E Borehole e
50. int Light hp or 4 Point Light 10W a high power low cost induced polarization IP earth resistivity meter for Schlumberger soundings to L 2 1 km for mapping monitoring geoelectric tomography lab work induced polarization measurements archeology e ActEle active electrodes for electrical resistivity tomography with direct interface for 4point light Can be used to upgrade existing earth resistivity meters to state of the art tomography systems Up to 255 electrodes are possible LGM Bery LIPPMANN Kornacker 4 94571 Schaufling Germany Tel 49 0 9904 84076 i i di Fax 49 0 9904 8119802 Geophysikalische Messger te email Lippmann L GM de http www gm de Ground electrode GND This device uses a ground electrode to reference the potential measurements This ground electrode is important and absolutely necessary The ground electrode is not part of the measurement profile or grid It has to be placed somewhere nearby the instrument but not near besides one of the profile electrodes Be sure to realize low contact resistance of the ground electrode Connect the ground electrode to the GND input terminal of the instrument Computer interface This equipment needs one serial interface to the computer RS232 This can be the standard COM1 port if the computer has one or some driver emulated COM port e g by using an USB to serial converter Due to our experience the using of the standard COM1 port is without any pro
51. itch on the device and set the correct COM and NMEA values Let the GPS device send data continuously to the serial data port If the correct COM parameters are set you should see the continously updated positions in the box Reading 3 Installation of GeoTest 3 1 Installation Complete installation The user should install the program and all its components using the default settings The default settings are e program folder lt Windows ProgramFilesDir gt GeoTest e manual folder lt Windows ProgramFilesDir gt GeoTest Manual Updating For updating the already installed program it is sufficient to copy the files to be updated into the lt Windows ProgramFilesDir gt GeoTest folder The already installed files will be overwritten The last settings will automatically be saved in the GeoTest ini file which is located in the folder lt Windows user application data folder GeoTest gt 3 2 Registration After the first installation of the program it will run in the limited modus The Bak limitation refers to e g to the limited maximum amount of electrodes This limited z modus is thought as a demo modus for interested people Due to this limited Monitoring modus a free copy and distribution of the program is prevented TA It is necessary to registrate the program after installation to get a legal licence The user should follow this procedure Deutsch Open the menu Extra Registration English Locate the Com
52. lectrode e Display The measured contact resistances are displayed in the data list and in the graphics display If the measured contact resistance is less then the maximum allowed value OK will be displayed in the data list Re measuring electrodes Please contirm The user is able to re measure only a part of the available elctrodes e g after changing the test current The user may also re measure single electrodes e g after improving the ground coupling of this electrode The user can do this by a right mouse click into the respective position in the data list or by moving the yellow cursor in Mein the graphics and a right mouse click into the graphics P J Measure electrode resistance 6 Er Remark This contact resistance option is supported by the LGM geoelectric equipment only 4 1 1 3 2 Measure start stop Measure bet OEE After pressing Start r Contact resistance the form Start and stop will appear This window controls the minimum and maximum number of measurements which will be performed By default the minimum and maximum available numbers are displayed The user is able to change these numbers for example to limit the range of numbers to be measured Alternatively the user may start the measurement by pressing the lt RET gt key During running of the measurement the main menu will display vieasure Data Devi By pressing Stop the actual measurement wi
53. lectrodes The type column serves also as an indicator for borehole electrodes Electrodes of the 1 borehole are 10 5 000 0 000 0 000 indicated by B1 for the 2 borehole by B2 and so 11 5500 0 000 0 000 on See the example displaying electrodes 12 to 20 12 5 500 0 000 0200 EI as borehole electrodes These electrodes have the same x coordinate but different z coordinates 13 5 500 0 000 0 500 El 14 5 500 0 000 0 800 61 15 5 500 0 000 1 100 61 16 5 500 0 000 1 400 El 1 5 500 0 000 1 700 61 18 5 500 0 000 2 000 61 13 5 500 0 000 2 300 El ll 5 500 0 000 600 El 21 6 000 0 000 0 000 This button will open an additional form displaying all electrode coordinates Read positions from list This form can be used for drag and drop information from e g an Excel spreadsheet This button saves the electrode coordinates displayed in the data list The user save positions may edit the electrode position table by himself e g in case of custom made electrode grids or by giving elevations to each electrode position After doing this the user has to press this button to make the changes active The Start electrode box These yellow boxes display the start electrode coordinates During profiling the start electrode is the 1 electrode in the profile during mapping this is the electrode situated at the 1 grid node 1 1 The Profiling box This box is enabled in the profiling mode only The box
54. ll be interrupted Re starting of Data Dewit the measurement will be done by default using the next available not yet r Contact resistance measured number so kh Alternatively the measurement can be stopped by pressing the lt RET gt or the lt ESC gt key Active GPS option In case of an active GPS option the user will be asked to start the GPS position measurement immediately without asking for start and stop numbers The GPS measurements will be 1641 192149 stopped by pressing Stop 1252 945137 A AAT AGT iicarmanmial a Rana AN AA GeoTest user manual e page 30 of 41 4 1 1 4 Data Tenge late SER These menues give access to the measured data A The Show details option will display all available information of the actual Show overview data set and all measurerd data sets Show error messages The Show overview option will display an overview of the measured data Not all available data is displayed The displayed overview is the same as in the data list window in the main program form see chapter Data list Edit Show error messages will display a window containing error messages Errors could be e g voltage too low or overload or open Edit will open a window providing several editing possibilities ES Edit data all tho hmm phi mrad Hz nn amp B Profile m Spread m Pseudoz m lt m Pa rd Yim Zim Time umam Dataheader m sue num ABMN J
55. m Pseudo sections Electrode switch box AT lest E EJ File Set Measure Data Device Extra Help tho Ohm phi mrad EEREN A ra Addres E HE A YY Ll A A AAA ETT E ALLL Y FERESE TTT O A ILLL Be ea E TITIILLL a f Ltensmiter BERR ERED Receiver Frequency settings OIDO TLL TIT nea II Measurement aeee ja A ar je ja 00 O CO O CCA CI A E 15 0000 1 84327 0 33 0 00707 130 50 30 884 383 416 391 22 52 32 42 15 0000 180010 0 07 0 00087 34550 30161 048 416 23 53 33 43 15 0000 174960 0 08 0 01467 7990 29315 8 38 416 24 54 34 44 15 0000 1 75793 031 000733111580 29454 417 416 25 55 35 45 15 0000 172037 036 001120114160 28825 651 416 Dos 56 36 46 15 000 1 69773 0 33 0 00413 244 90 PE 15 0000 6 34043 0 00507 200 70 116 858 080 416 35 13 24 150000 451027 006 0 05347 2610 83127 1185 416 36 14 25 15 0000 268247 005 0 00407 140 20 49440 1 52 416 Fill oh Display of battery status depending on the type of hardware used geoelectrical device external 12 V battery notebook can switch be single voltage GeoTest user manual e page 10 of 41 4 1 1 The main menu 4 1
56. m data will be read and the electrode numbers will be extracted AB MN list 4 Alternatively a file containing only a list of AB M N values jalldata oeoo u option A B M N list can be read also Save will save the electrode configurations into a measurement file option program data or into a data list option A B M N list 4 1 1 2 2 8 Setting electrodes and data header Reset This buttons resets all changes to factory default settings Read settings from file allows to read settings from a previously Fead settings from file stored data file This data file serves as a template for the desired settings Set will accept all changes Please be sure to press this button to accept all changes made 4 1 1 2 3 Setup measurement parameters Setup measurement parameters How to control current Current m f Resulting voltage between Urn Umas No current measure self potential SP Use maximum possible current How Sequence f control curent gt measure mean Measure mean gt control current 0 001 0 010 0 100 1 000 5 000 15 000 50 000 100 000 0 001 0 010 0 100 1 000 5 000 15 000 50 000 100 000 0 001 0 010 0 100 1 000 5 000 15 000 50 000 100 000 5098 Voltage used for controlling f f 190 Voltage UrUSO lirmte ri 1 000 O Sie Bia Sia 150 000 U min U mas Measurements mear 2 a n min 5 Amas D an a E an an id o 8 8 DS
57. measured Search of data list from the end GeoTest user manual e page 35 of 41 4 1 2 2 Mapping mode horizontal slices The section displays the measured data as colored boxes The boxes are situated in some table type refering to the horizontal positions X and Y coordinates of the respective measurement The size of the boxes depends on the respective pseudo depth Pseudo because the pseudo depths are not the real depths tho Ohmm phi mrad l Depth sections to display rm all yeaa ico _ 1 A 1411 ee A O IL Lie CIO O AA AO Ol Lae a lal tei velo fa al a ObDoORa A 1d OQ OQ A Ciara _ A A A A A A DO Coit IA A Resistivity On lc ie 2 147494 jv auto flog Update 2 147484 This example displays the blank section of a grid of Pole Pole measurements Blank means there is not yet data which fills the boxes Depth sections to display m a r The selector on the top of the section allows to select the r displayed depth slices The user can choose to display A all slices or slices of a certain depth OEI ss OE 1 050 1 400 1 250 As in the pseudo section display of the profiling measurements the user can choose between drawing of resistivities rho Ohmm or phase angles phi mrad In case of frequency dependent measurements also the frequency functions rho f and phi f are available see former chapter 2 100 Single measurements
58. n mrad is defined as U90 mV U mV 1000 This option is not availble for all hardware types U mV displays the measured voltages U and U90 or self potentials This option is only available for some measurement configurations SP or gradient and not available for all hardware types If frequency dependent measurements are performed 2 additional options are available TCE NO f displays information about the frequency effect The File Set Measure Data Device Extra displayed values are calculated by rho f rho fz tho Ohmm phi mrad rhof phi fl phi f displays the out of phase frequency effect The definition is phi f phi f2 Please contirm Measure Data 90 The user can handle the pseudosections by mouse actions like this lt left click gt The data line in the data list chapter 4 1 3 corresponding to the Fis respective box is selected The data is searched from the beginning num 1 If ies a there are overlapping boxes the 1 lowermost box is used ls lt double left click gt or lt shift gt lt left click gt The data line in the data list chapter 4 1 3 corresponding to the respective box is selected The data list is searched in reverse direction If there are overlapping boxes the last uppermost box is used lt right click gt the measurement can be re measured Search of data list from the beginning lt shift gt lt right click gt the measurement can be re
59. nk values 4 1 1 2 2 4 Moving electrodes GPS W Use moving electrode array and GPS measurements Position measurements MEAsLIne Measure by Ant height m f continuously GPS Kerpa neu l GPS setup 0 000 f one per geoelectric cycle Z coordinate f measured antenna height le measured antenna height pseudodepth Before starting geoelectric cycle measure contact resistances After completing geoelectric cycle We Restart Automatic saving of data files W Automatic combining all data files to test tel Filename f Stop and go user has to start the measurement when the new position is reached f Continue measurements are done without user interaction This tabsheet controls measurements with a moving array of electrodes This option is only available in the profiling mode The typical example is an array of 20 electrodes mounted on a vehicle This car transports the electrodes from position to position and Schlumberger soundings with 9 measurements at each position are performed The positions of the soundings are measured by a GPS device The following explanations refer to this example Use moving electrode array and GPS measurements This checkbox controls if this option is active If yes the program will save the position data read from the GPS device not profile coordinates see chapter 4 1 3 fo more details MESSE C continuously The user can force the GeoTest program to measure GP
60. or for any possible consequences of this software 5 2 Program and manual version This manual refers to the software program GeoTest in version 2 44 october 2014 This manual is the version of 09 10 2014 5 3 Program author This program and the manual were written by Geophysik Dr Rauen Dr Armin Rauen Odgarten 12 94574 Wallerfing Germany Tel 49 0 9936 902026 Fax 49 0 9936 902027 eMail rauen geophysik dr rauen de iNet www geophysik dr rauen de Comments and suggestions are always welcome 6 References Barker R D 1989 Depth of investigation of collinear symmetrical four electrode arrays Geophysics vol 54 No 8 august 1989 1031 1037 Berktold amp 21 Coautoren 1997 Geoelektrik In Knodel K Krummel H amp Lange G Herausg Geophysik Handbuch zur Erkundung des Untergrundes von Deponien und Altlasten Band 3 65 367 Springer Verlag Edwards 1977 A modified pseudosection for resistivity and IP Geophysics Vol 42 No 5 1020 1036 Friedel S 1997 Hochaufl sende Geoelektrik Geoelektrische Tomographie In M Beblo Herausg Umweltgeophysik 131 151 Berlin Hennig Th Weller A Canh T 2005 The effect of dike geometry on different resistivity configurations Journal of Applied Geophysics 57 278 292 Roy and Apparao 1971 Depth of investigation in direct current methods Geophysics Vol 36 No 5 P 943 959 Trimble 1999 AgGPS 124 132 operation manual T
61. ort by to de 10 000 m E nm A OB CM ON C Pa Zim IP a f Profiling Mapping GPS Read settings fram file O Bet Electrodes Electrodes constants These parameters allways will remain constant even applying roll on technique The number and position of the start electrode and also the electrode separation will not be changed during using the roll on technique The electrode separation gives the distance between two adjacent electrodes The Checkbox equidistant explains if all the electrodes have the same separation or not Standard profile measurements are equidistant custom made lists may not Actual measurement The actual 1 and last electrodes are set Attention The program uses ascenting numbers of electrodes even if the sequence of electrodes in the used electrode chains is not Example 2 chains are used Chain 1 contains electrodes 26 to 50 Chain 2 contains electrodes 1 to 25 The program calculates 50 electrodes from 1 to 50 Electrode number 1 will be the original address 26 Boll on Electrode number 50 will be the original address 25 If Use roll on technique is he Use roll on technique Checked the number of the 1 new electrode will be read See chapters 1 1 A ARAS Setup cables and electrode chains and Example 2 Wenner tomography x K using Roll on technique in the extra document Manual_GeoTest_Tutorial pdf for detailed explanations Configuration Type The type of measurement
62. ort number baudrate If your computer does not have any COM port or no ez free COM port you have to install a COM port Northing e g an USB to serial converter before so 4840 8625 NMEA sentence GGA GLL and RMC contain C RMC time pos Easting i 952 G79 position data in terms of latitude and longitude nade GGA contains additionally elevation data LLQ e toe ene titude 371 8 is a format containing position and elevation Sustem time Time UTC 341954 data in meters 15 20 02 TR System time The computer system time may gt Timeout s 2 be synchronized with the GPS time which is UTC Universal Time Coordinated The save IN Defaults more El M Close Windows time zone information is used for synchronization Reading the actual position elevation and time data is displayed Latitude and longitude are displayed in the original NMEA data format which is not a decimal data format ddmm m The displayed example for latitude means 4840 8625 48 degrees 40 8625 minutes GeoTest converts this format into degrees with decimal fractions example 48 68104 degrees The timeout value is used for the timeout error handling Using a GPS device the GeoTest data format is slightly changed longitude and latitude in degrees instead of X and Y in meters See chapter 4 1 3 for information about the used data format es sentence Reading Suggestion for a communication test Connect the GPS device with the computer Sw
63. pping measurements are possible as well as custom made measurements Moving arrays with GPS position measurements and completely automatic monitoring measurements are supported also Additional inversion software not part of GeoTest is used for Geoelectric Tomography See chapter 1 for an introduction Safety requirements Be careful in using geoelectric equipment Geoelectric devices can produce high electrical voltages of 200 Volts or more Be always sure to switch the power off when you are touching electrodes or power outlets to avoid injuries Read carefully the instruction manuals of the producer of your geoelectric hardware First steps to prepare GeoTest Er Step 1 e Installation You have to install the software on your computer See chapter 2 1 for computer el requirements See chapter 3 1 for more details about installing the software ae x x Step 2 e Run GeoTest When GeoTest is run the first time a form named Getting started will appear and will lead the user through the following main settings and adjustments see chapter 4 1 1 2 4 Program options Getting started Geometric factors ResxDIny Display more f English f Deutsch 1 Registrate and un lock program e 2 Set measurement device e 3 Set cable configuration e 4 Set standard profile parameters e 5 Set standard measurement parameters EY Step 3 e Registrate and un lock program After the installation of GeoTest the
64. puter ID This is your computer fingerprint You should tell me this number You could use the eMail button to open your eMail client and to send me your computer ID by eMail directly GeoTest Limited Computer ID 324995186 gt eMail User name Ley USE Dongle Program le limited will calculate the Key and create the User name and will sent these to the user The user must type in the Key or copy paste and the User name After pressing the OK button the key will be saved in the INI file if the key matches the computer ID There is no need to type in again the key after a later starting of the program nor after a later updating of the program Nevertheless recommend the user to save this key in a hardcopy paper form for an own reference If the user wants to install GeoTest on another computer again another registration procedure is necessary 3 3 Hardware key USB dongle As an alternative to the registration and unlocking procedure chapter before the use of a hardware key is optional The hardware key is available on request from the manufacturer of GeoTest 4 Using of GeoTest The program GeoT est can be used in a normal way by double left clicking on the GeoTest icon on the computer desktop The main form described in the following chapter 4 1 will D 7 appear Alternatively the user may start GeoTest using the command line options GeoTest described in chapter 4 3 4 11 The main for
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66. rogram The blue Address fields give the real eros electrode addresses in case of active electrodes The actual number and the actual address need not to be the same The slider at the bottom of this box gives a sketch of the electrode postions A and B are the current emitting electrodes M and N are the potential electrodes In case of profiling and suitable data sorting during the OEA measurement procedure a message will apear just below the electrode switch box as soon as the first or last used cable or electrode chain could be un plugged see chapter 4 1 1 2 2 2 fs im of az a aa oi Cable 1 13 free 4 1 5 Frequency settings Frequency H Frequency The actual frequency setting is displayed EEE H l l l B38 While the measurement is running the frequency setting can ES not be changed by the user After stopping the measurement this frequency box will be enabled The user can now switch between the measurerd frequencies The Data list will be updated immediately 4 1 6 Transmitter Sender The current settings of the transmitter are displayed The needle indicator shows 2 the current step or transmitter voltage depending on the settings see chapter 4 1 1 2 3 the text box shows the current in mA The green symbol shows the ee proper function of the transmitter If there is a problem e g open A B connection 0 5 the green symbol will disappear and an open symbol will appear If the s
67. sfered into the GeoTest data format and displayed Save parameter set to device A list of currently set parameters electrode configurations and measurement settings will be transferred into the geoelectrical device Afterwards the device can measure tomography data in an autonomous mode using this parameter set without any computer for controlling the measurement These 2 device options are enabled only when using the 4 Point Light 10W geoelectrical device See the respective hardware manual for more details Exit program the program GeoTest will be closed If there is unsaved data the user will be asked to save before closing the program 4 1 1 2 Set 4 1 1 2 1 Setup cables and electrode chains t setup cables electrode chains Electrode chains electrode address 4 1 2 3 4 z Electrode num Electrode num Electrode num Electrode num Electrode num 1 20 E feo El poz lw Use Use lw Use Use lw Use Electrodes used transtormed H Electrodes leo 1st oo lt last isa lt Set new user defaults Reset Profilirig e Start Stop Electrodes constants Profile m Profile m Start electrode Electrode 500 000 795 000 number Profile m separation m 1 aj 500 Poo a f Mapping Electrode chains electrode address means chains or sequences of active addressed electrodes controlled by a bus system e g of the manufacturer LGM Germany Each electrode address is unique
68. supports position measurements done by a GPS device connected to one of the serial data ports of the computer The GPS device must be able to send one of the NMEA 0183 protocols GGA GLL RMC or LLQ Example of a NMEA 0183 GGA sentence data line char position 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012 string GPGGA 121357 00 5226 316328 N 01300 878187 E 2 07 1 1 35 59 M 45 19 M 5 2 0100 75 pos contents 8 UTC of position fix in HHMMSS SS format 18 Latitude in DD MM MMMM format 0 7decimal places 30 Direction of latitude N or S 32 Longitude in DDD MM MMMM format 0 7decimal places 45 Direction of longitude E or W 47 GPS Quality indicator O fix not valid 1 GPS fix 2 DGPS fix 49 Number of SVs in use 00 12 52 HDOP 56 Antenna hight MSL reference 62 M indicates that the altitude is in meters 64 Geoidal separation 70 M indicates that the geoidal separation is in meters 72 Age of differential GPS data record Type 1 Null when DGPS not used 76 Base station ID 0000 1023 7 GPS setup ella How to configure the GPS computer interface i use GPS Go to the GeoTest main menu Device Serial setup GPS port baudrate end character Use GPS GPS position data are recorded and E F 14800 13 Open pot displayed in the main form too See chapter In butter size out butter size eee R Serial setup Set the correct COM port 2048 2048 Setup Com Eg port parameters p
69. t is used by the Resistivityimager2D program of Geotomo graphy Dr Th Fechner Germany www geotomographie de This is also a 2 D inversion software for evaluation of profile measurements of resistivities done along 1 profile direction and is the successor of SensInv2D Save in DC2dInvRes format This format is used by the 2 D inversion software DC2dInvRes of Thomas Gunther www resistivity net Save in DC2dTree format This format is used by the 2 D inversion software DC2dTree of Thomas Gunther and Carsten Rucker www resistivity net This software enables the reconstruction of resistivity on cylinder geometry trees borehole cores subsoil probes from impedance measurements Save in DC3dinvRes format This format is used by the 3 D inversion software DC2dInvRes of Thomas Gunther www resistivity net Save in Earthlmager format This format is used by the Earthlmager 2D and 3D inversion software of Advanced Geosciences Inc USA www agiusa com Two files will be saved a URF file contains the measured data and a TRN file terrain file contains the topography information Save in CSV TXT format This is a simple CSV comma separated values ascii text file This file could be used for user made correlations e g by Excel Read measured data from device data measured in the autonomous mode MON TOM of the geoelectrical device without controlling by a computer will be read from the device tran
70. used additionally Data format The user can choose between rho resistivities only or rho phi resistivities and phase angles to be saved into the ResXDinv data file W Include topography Save remote electrode positions For further details see the Res2DInv and Res3DInv documentation GeoTomo software M H Loke Malaysia www geoelectrical com Display This tab gives access to the user changeables of the display Program options Pseudo sector Color scale min gt max Pseudo section 1 red yellow white blue default Interpolated The color scale of the boxes iw while mouse moves over pseudasection show rho and phi values within the pseudosections can be set The same color scale show will be used for the resistivity pe ABMN Za rho and phase angle phi W Frequency b display as well The colors may Transmitter be interpolated for a more iw Receiver mw Computer battery detailed view be Date and time If the checkbox while mouse moves over pseudosection is checked the program will display the rho and phi values by a label hint near the mouse pointer This way the user can have a first look at the measured data 46 915 Ohm Show The user may choose the displays on the right side of the main form For example 239302007 12 09 22 the checkbox Date and time will display the current date and time at the lower right corner on the right side of the main form
71. using remote electrodes f approximate use remote electrodes as intinte fe exact use remote electrode positions Save A B M and N display the positions of the remote electrodes and indicate if these electrodes are used as remote electrodes Remote electrodes are not part of a profile or a 2 D grid Usually these remote electrodes are connected directly to the geoelectric hardware device The above example shows B and N as remote electrodes of a Pole Pole configuration B is situated at profile position 10 m with a distance of 1000 m perpendicular to the profile The far electrode N is also 1000 m away from the profile but in opposite direction Calculate geometric factors The user can choose between exact and approximate calculations e Approximate means that the remote electrodes are considered to be infinitely far away e Exact means that the real positions of the remote electrodes are used to calculate the geometric factor In case of Gradient measurements M and N within the grid A and B remote a resistivity value can only be calculated using the exact geometric factor option If remote electrodes are used without setting of the positions only approximate calculations are possible If no remote electrodes are used exact and approximate calculations will give the same results This can also be set in the Program options menu see chapter 4 1 1 2 4 Save This button allows to edit and save the remote
72. ween exact and approximate z calculations Approximate means that the exact use remote electrode positions remote electrodes are considered to be infinitely far away Using the Gradient array and approximate remote electrode positions no geometry factors and no resistivities can be calculated In this case only the measured voltages are displayed Exact means that the positions of the remote electrodes are known and are used to calculate the geometric factors By using of this option also Gradient measurements can give resistivity values If no remote elctrodes are used exact and approximate calculations will give the same results See also chapter 4 1 1 2 2 5 ResXDInv This menu gives access to saving options for users of Res2DInv and Res3DInv inversion software Include topography if this option is set GeoTest will export General array data format topography information into the ResXDinv data file The topography results from the settings in the Electrode positions section elevation Z coordinate Data format General array data format This setting exports ResXDinv data in Cho the so called general array data format This is a useful option for mixed arrays that means measurements with different array types like tho phi Wenner and Dipole Dipole in one single measurement If Save remote electrode positions is clicked these positions are saved too This is useful only if exact geometric factors are
73. which can be sent to the programmer of GeoTest About will display the information about the program the actual versions and the author 4 1 2 Pseudo sections The section which is displayed depends on the actual measurement mode e Incase of the profiling mode a depth section will appear This is a x z slice e Incase of the mapping mode horizontal x y slices are displayed The pseudo depth is encoded in boxes with different sizes the smaller the deeper 4 1 2 1 Profiling mode pseudo depth sections the Ohmm phi mrad Resistivity Ohm m 1 fo M auto W log Update aoo The pseudo section displays the measured data as colored boxes The boxes are situated in some table type refering to the horizontal and vertical positions of the respective measurement These sections are called pseudo because the vertical positions of the boxes are of course not the real vertical positions of the respective data point For getting quasi real vertical positions some evaluation of data is necessary computer inversion modelling Depending on the type of hardware and type of performed measurement the user can switch between different displays rho Ohmm displays the measured resistivities in Ohm m Qm These result from the in phase component of the measured voltages phi mrad displays the information from the out of phase component of the measured voltages Phi i

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