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User manual for the Land Use Change Impact Asessment tool LUCIA

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1. Management Maps can be viewed and edited clicking the respective buttons on the right Burning Fertiliser Il Make sure all map names have the same length e g map_01 map_11 Manure Irrigation Physiological stress Land cover Assimilates Current map path F 380 Lectures SAIWAM SAIWAM IWM 2012 SAIWAM 2012 dataset Plant NPK Select and Show Maps Plant Quality Present vegetation Soil under LU Year 1 landcover01 map vi Show Map Plant Impact Litter initialisation mm il ga SOM Year 2 landcover02 map vi Show Map Edit map Weather Output Sensitivity Year 3 landcover03 map v Show Map Fallow rotation Year 4 landcover04 map vi Show Map Year 5 landcover0S map v Show Map Year 6 landcover06 map vi Show Map Year 7 landcover07 map vi Show Map Edit map Som monn Landeau rasan ns Cinna Pe ae nonmam Figure 14 The Land Cover Change tab in the LUCIA GUI 4 2 2 Map editing Figure 15 highlights a selection of those software features mostfrequently used for maipulating land cover maps Values of individual cells are changed clicking symbol 1 and selecting the cell with the mouse Multiple selection is possible The new value is entered in field 3 and the change executed clicking button 4 Likewise areas can be selected using the tools displayed to the right of the single cell icon Ranges of values can be selected clicking on icon 2 and edited as described above Cell values are dsipl
2. Do not show hidden files and folders OJ Show hidden files and folders C Hide extensions for known file types v Restore Defaults Figure 9 Display hidden folders in the File Manager After loading settings and maps you should see the start up window Figure 10 If not try again identifying the correct profile BE Lucia Land Use Change Impact Assessment File Model Help View Mailing H e SO O soe Lucia BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 r Fene Welcome to the LUCIA user interface Land cover In the following tabs you will be quided through all necessary steps of model parameterisation P aaia 1 Select the maps representing the profile catchment Output 2 Define management scenarios such as fertilisation and irrigation and model properties 3 Parameterise land cover and soil properties 4 Enter weather data In each tab general explanations are given on how to enter the required parameter values Additionally each column header is linked to a tooltip that explains the parameter its permitted range and default value You can use tab to move between fields and type in or use up down arrows to change values Welcome Current working dir F 380 Lectures SAIWAM SAIWAM IWM 2012 SAIWAM 2012 dataset BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 Open path in explorer Figure 10 Start up window of LUCIA GUI 3 1 3 Structure of the GUI The GUI facilitates changing different maps land use and soil related parameters such as the agricultural management
3. d iTunes 4 Lucia b i D settings d settings d baseline 4 demo_run_080411 d original_maps a demo run 080411 d scenariol d settings d Scenario d baseline j a d scenarios original_maps 2 lucia d scenariol d Scenario amp scenario4 d doc libs d original_maps d Scenariol di Mendeley Desktop Figure 8 Finding the correct folder containing your dataset The folder settings might be hidden in your File Manager To display hidden folders in the File Manager go to any folder click Organize gt Folder options gt Choose the tab View and change the setting for hidden folders Figure 9 Folder Options General View File Types Offline Files Folder views You can apply the view such as Details or Tiles that you are using for this folder to all folders Apply to All Folders Reset All Folders lucia user manual Advanced settings File Edit View Favorites Help O Files and Folders a BaS wi Map Network Drive Automatically search for network folders and printers Disconnect Network Drive Display file size information in folder tips Synchronize Display simple folder view in Explorer s Folders list Address Q F SFB inhalt concey C Display the contents of system folders Folder Options Display the full path in the address bar Falder lt Sas C Display the full path in the title bar C Do not cache thumbnails Hidden files and folders
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5. 3 PCRaster Setup a a a Choose Install Location maae Choose the folder in which to install PCRaster Choose a Start Menu folder for the PCRaster shortcuts Setup will install PCRaster in the following folder To install in a different folder dick Browse Select the Start Menu folder in which you would like to create the program s shortcuts You and select another folder Click Next to continue can also enter a name to create a new folder R RStudio Sk Destination Folder Program Files x86 PCRaster TuneUp Companion VideoLAN WinRAR Do not create shortcuts Space required 67 8MB Space available 17 8GB rs es Figure 1 Installation process of PCRaster A Linux version of PCRaster is also available but has not yet been tested for LUCIA 1 2 Installation of LUCIA First download the program LUCIA and a training dataset Unzip the 7z files using WinRAR or a similar unzipping program right click open with gt WinRAR aufnehmen v Freigeben f r v Brennen Neuer Ordner Z Name Anderungsdatum lucia_setup20111125 25 11 2011 01 28 Anwendung 1 http pcraster geo uu nl download PCRaster 3 0 0 beta 091201 exe 2 http pcraster geo uu nl download 3 https lucia uni hohenheim de software Figure 2 The unzipped installation file Start the application and proceed to identify the place where you want to install LUCIA to Follow the instructions and finish by
6. Copy scenario D Program Files x86 Lucia demo_run_080411 demo run 080411 baseline to scenario failed Is this name already in use Error Error 183 Eine Datei kann nicht erstellt werden wenn sie bereits vorhanden ist D Program Files x86 Lucia demo_run_080411 demo run 080411 scenario2 Figure 44 LUCIA error Scenario name in use 6 11 Crops are not growing There are several possible reasons for this First Do you mean no growth biomass or no harvest fruit tubers Make sure you report the appropriate parameter Then try to grow the crop without water and nutrient restrictions Management tab sub tab Physiological stress Set everything for the land use under scrutiny to 1 no restrictions If this improves the growth rates reset the stress factors to O one after the other always reporting growth It will help to report also N P K and water stress to learn about the temporal occurrence of the stressors perhaps a later planting date well within the rainy season might help If nutrients and water are not the limiting factors try photosynthetic capacity AMD in the Land cover tab sub tab Assimilates This will almost certainly change your results but make sure what you entered is realistic consult literature 6 12 Perennials are not growing after land cover use change Usually they do but less than expected Try unlimited NPK and water supply and PlantDensity in the LandCover tab Else
7. Jai Land Cover Scenario BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 Assimilates Land cover LAI LAI Root RWD Root N Fix kc Drought WUE _ Plant NPK initial max max fine_ shape Adaption LkgDM Plant Quality 0 cm Mgm gt Present vegetation Maize Maize 0 001 5 75 0 006 2 5 524 Litter initialisation Cassava Cassava 0 001 5 100 2 345 Soil Weather Intercrop Intercrop 0 001 5 100 2 2 420 te ee Paddy Paddy 0 001 6 2 80 2 5 Orchard Orchard 0 001 5 33 350 1 5 TBase TMaxi TMax2 DD2 Day ist art End Albedo Foddind FoddInd Maint c c c Flower Harvest Flower FlowPer FlowPer Plant Le Resp _ degreeday degreeday d yyyy mm dd yyyy mm dd kgCO2 ha 4 d 1 Maize g 1125 2110 365 0 Cassava js 1180 2110 365 0 1 Paddy 19 1200 1500 365 1 1 Intercrop js 1180 2110 1 1 1 1 1 1 365 1 Orchard 15 1500 2500 1 365 Current working dir F 380 Lectures SAIWAM SAIWAM IWM 2012 SAIWAM 2012 dataset BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 lopen path in explorer Figure 23 Land cover tab highlighted options to add remove land covers load save defaults and tick boxes to unlock sub tabs Land cover types can be added or removed in the Land cover tab Figure 23 bottom left Be aware that rows deleted in the Land cover tab which refer to land covers present in any land cover map called at any time during the simulation will lead to a run time error Entries can be made on single parameters or entire vegetation types can be
8. come as tab delimited text files which can be opened in spreadsheet applications 20x10 Soil organic carbon 19x10 under different slope land uses and management 18x10 17x10 16x10 15x10 SS 14x10 N IN Gmelina SS a 13x10 AF slope pruning r Imperata OO AF slope no pruning ni Soil carbon stocks g m 12x10 SS AF no slope no pruning AF slope w out abaca 11x10 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Simulation time d Figure 36 Comparison of the parameter Soil carbon stocks over time across different scenarios Another option for time series export is the Rapid Data Assessment tool developed for 11 Usually all data will be opened in the first column they can be separated using the Text to columns option in the Data menu of the spreadsheet application selecting Delimited and Tab as separator merging consecutive separators LUCIA by Jonatan Muller which can be downloaded from the LUCIA website 6 Problems amp Solutions If you should encounter any problems or you have further questions and cannot solve them on your own or with the help of this manual please write us at https lucia uni hohenheim de 85491 If a question refers to a software error you encountered please send the error message as well 6 1 GUI does not open due to missing User Permission After installing LUCIA under Windows 7 you might encounter this error message and LUCIA won
9. date of paddy rice bottom 4 3 2 1 Burning The Burn sub tab shows only those land cover types selected in the main Management tab Users can define the date of burning how effectively the plot is burned cold superficial or longer lasting fires whether when and how much firewood is collected before burning The latter affects ashes remaining on the field and CO emissions 4 3 2 2 Fertilizer and Manure application For land covers selected in the Management tab fertilizer types application dates and amounts can be defined in the Fertilizer tab Figure 22 On the left tab side fertilizer types can be defined regarding their N P and K contents in decimal percent To this end fertilizers can be added button and names e g typical brands entered On the right tab side land cover specific information is entered for up to six applications per year Fertilizer type is chosen from a drop down menu and the amount of total fertilizer given The amounts of individual nutrients are calculated in the GUI FB LUCIA Land Use Change Impact Assessment fel File Model Help View Mailing H r ED stow deraut Lucia Fertiliser application BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 s Land cover change Management Only land uses ticked in the management tab are shown here ore n On the left tab side please specify name N P and K contents of the type s of Fertiliser s available On the right tab side up to 6 dates of application the res
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11. is ticked In this tab amounts of Surface litter topsoil litter and subsoil litter and their respective concentrations of N P K and lignin are quantified These values refer to plant parts incorporated into the soil where they release nutrients Lignin contents are relevant for litter decomposition rates 4 3 10 Soil types Soils in LUCIA consist of two horizons so most values need to be defined for top and subsoil separately Soil chemical and physical parameters are quantified in the upper part of the tab Figure 25 for every soil defined in the soil map see Map tab These are mostly standard parameters from profile descriptions Ksa parent describes saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil below the second horizon defined for LUCIA Theta stands for actual water contents as a proportion of total pore volume P and K weathered describes the daily amounts of these nutrients released from the parent material Regarding addition and removal of classes as well as loading or saving default values the soil tab works in the same way as the Land cover tab EB LUCIA Land Use Change Impact Assessment File Model Help View Mailing H gt e ED stow defaut Lucia BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 Maps Soil Experts Please enter all required parameter values for each soil class Management Parameterised soil classes can be saved as defaults and predefined defaults can be loaded Land cover New soil classes can be added but are no
12. original_maps gA Jetol tss scenariol p lakepoints map 100 J doe _ lakes map 100 J libs landcover map EEN be landemrer Faar 3 4 TT E rt t Figure 18 Screenshot of a combined land cover and LDD map opened in The Nutshell 4 2 5 Converting PCRaster maps to ASCII files and vice versa If mapedit repeatedly fails to produce the results you intend you can convert any PCRaster map to an ASCII file using the following command in Nutshell map2asc example map example asc where map2asc calls the required software example map is your PCRaster source map and example asc is the name of the resulting file after conversion the latter has to be defined by the user as it does not exist The resulting ASCII files can now be edited it in a GIS or text editor and then be reconverted into PCRaster again This is done through the following command asc2map m 9999 clone clone map example asc example map where m 9999 defines the value of missing values here 9999 clone defines a template of the new map containing number of rows and columns cell size file type and other information It is recommended to use an existing map of the same shape and cell size for this purpose Quantum GIS provides a GDAL interface which allows direct export of raster data to PCRaster 4 3 Land cover and Soil tabs All following Land Cover including Management and Soil tabs refer to the land cover and soil classes defined in the
13. practices and different types and characteristics of land cover and soil You also have the option to visualize and edit e g for modeling purposes meteorological weather data All of these operations could also be executed separately on the Windows shell On the right hand side of the GUI Figure 10 explanations on running LUCIA simulations are given On the left hand side Figure 11 a tree structure shows the different tabs the GUI is subdivided into Figure 11 shows two scenarios BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 a baseline which describes the catchment name and context in which the scenario was used and Fallow rotation which differs from the baseline in land cover change We will see later 5 1 how further scenarios can be added to an existing Profile Every scenario has the same number of tabs Maps Management etc where you can change data Tabs can have sub tabs which allow you to change further details For example the sub tab Land cover change of the tab Maps allows you to change land cover maps for each year you want to model B LUCIA Land Use Change Impact Ass File Model Help View Mailing H ED Show default Lucia Maps Land cover change Management Burning Fertiliser Manure Irrigation Physiological stress Land cover Assimilates Plant NPK Plant Quality Present vegetation Soil under LU Plant Impact Litter initialisation Output Sensitivity Fallow rotation Figure 11 Str
14. the parameter Root allocation dimensionless between O and 1 determines the proportion of assimilates allocated to the root every day This ratio changes with the development stages of a plant and is usually high during the seedling stage to decrease towards maturity in annual plants The remainder of 1 Root allocation goes to the shoot where allocation to leaves woody parts stems and fruits tubers add up to 1 The user enters only values for leaf and harvestables and stems are calculated in the GUI Further parameters in this tab are the maximum assimilation rate AMD a sensitive parameter determining potential plant growth and Specific Leaf Area SLA describing leaf area per Mass F LUCIA Land Use Change Impact Assessment Seg H gt e GD stow defaut Lucia BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 Maps Assimilates Please define allocation of assimilates to different plant organs roots leaves stems and harvestables Fruits and tubers for different nepal stages Management LUCIA asks for two cardinal points per parameter representing two development stages D1 D2 and their respective allocation values P1 P2 Land cover Development stage 0 stands for germination 1 for flowering and 2 for maturity Assimilates Values between D1 and D2 are linearly interpolated Below D1 and above D2 values are kept constant up to D 0 and D 2 respectively Plant NPK Within the shoot leaf harvestables and stems calculated add up to 1 Roo
15. try increasing LAlini 6 13 Weather data cannot be entered correctly When creating a new project and adding weather data from existing projects this may happen A work around for this is to copy the data from the folder original maps not from one of the scenario folders 6 14 There is no erosion where it was expected Report rainfall is there enough Report infiltration and deep infiltration surface runoff and overflow is all water going into the soil Look into the timing of rainy season and plant cover leaf area index LAI considering that plant cover effectively reduces soil erosion Check also how much mulch is on the soil In case of line graph outputs check where your test points are located what is the slope at the test points If they are located on a mountain top you will find nearly no erosion compared with the catchment outlet Figure 45 gives an example of test point assemblages To produce a 3 D map as shown type in The Nutshell Aguila 3 dem map testpoints map paguila 3 dem map testpoints map d Aguila dem map testpoints map Sa File Edit View Help mM 4 testpoints mar Figure 45 Locations of Test points displayed on a 3D map 6 15 Erosion rates appear to be tremendous First of all when you report erosion this means you see the sediment load that passes through the test point This includes sediment coming from uphill AND sediment that was created within this p
16. IA Land Use Change Impact Assessment H paa So Show default Lucia Aguila F 380 Lectures SAIWAM SAI 0 X Map section BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 m 4 Q Please select the maps referring to your catchment Land cover change Land cover and soil type area digital elevation model local drain direction map lakes and te Management Land cover and soil legends will be read into the parameterisation tables Burning Maps can be viewed and edited clicking the respective buttons on the right F 380 Lectures S Fertiliser 2478 Manure Uigen Current map path F 380j Lectures SAIWAM SAIWAM IWM 2012 SAIWAM 2012 dataset Ban Physiological stress salah elo eesti S Land cover Assimilates Select and Show Maps Plant NPK Plant Quality e stm ok s Plant Impact Litter initialisation Soil SOM Area map area map v Weather Output Sensitivity Fallow rotation Dem map dem map v Ldd map Idd map v Show Map Lakes map lakes map vi Show Map Testpoints testpoints_ map v Show Map x Y 815 7 1021 1 col row 5 0 gt missing Current working dir F 380 Lectures SAIWAM SAIWAM IWM 2012 SAIWAM 2012 dataset BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 Figure 13 The LUCIA Map tab and the DEM opened in Aguila upper and Mapedit lower Excursion Map data types in PCRaster In PCRaster six different map formats are used namely Boolean scalar nominal ordinal directional and Idd A Boolean map format has only two opti
17. If field measurements exist that do not match the estimates we recommend to adjust texture accordingly which does not interact with other parameters The Soil tab contains a tick box to activate the Soil Organic Matter SOM sub tab In the SOM tab decomposition constants according to the CENTURY concept PARTON ET AL 1987 as well as C N and C P ratios of different litter and SOM pools are defined 4 4 Weather Datasets of daily values for five parameters air temperature ETO rainfall soil 10 Reference evapotranspiration a theoretical value for evapotranspiration above a standardised even grass surface temperature radiation for the entire simulation period are required Weather data are entered into the table on the left tab side and visualised on the right side Figure 26 E LUCIA Land Use Change Impact Assessment File Model Help Yiew Mailing H gt o GD stow deraut Lucia Weather BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 No of entries 5840 a Maps Please enter the number of daily observations first deere Bevaton of eather tations 555 S mas erp pati geen n Assimilates because temperature is calculated as a Function of elevation Plant NPK Load weather data Values can be copied or loaded from a spreadsheet or text editor Plant Quality Present vegetation pn e err ee es e Se Soil un dor Lu Weather Station Air temperature ETO Rainfall Soil temperature E Radiation ant Impac Litter initialisation Ar ETO R
18. Lectures SAIWAM SAIWAM IWM 201 2 SAIWAM 2012 dataset BanTat_S fe fel il View Help m Z ETT F 380 Lectures S F 380 Lectures S F 380 Lectures S 0 6 F 380 Lectures S W or gt F 380 Lectures S 0 4 F 380 Lectures S 500 1 000 1 500 3 000 3 500 2 000 Time step Figure 16 Standardised Water stress dimensionless over ten years simulation time 3650 days A selection of time series for strategically located can be more meaningful and easier to interpret than a map series For hydrological parameters the catchment outflow may be an important test point and the Test point position in relation to slope and local drain direction matters Another option is distributing test points across soil classes or land uses Figure 17 In the latter case has to consider that land use may change over time se selec maps referring to your catchment Land cover and soil type area digital elevation model local drain direction map lakes and test points for which output graphs are generated Land cover and soil legends will be read into the parameterisation tables Maps can be viewed and edited clicking the respective buttons on the right Current map path D Program Files x86 Lucia demo_run_080411 demo run 080411 baseline maps Open path in explorer Select and Show Maps Aguila D Program Files x86 Lucia demo_run_080411 demo r File Edit View Help Land cover map landco
19. Map tabs in a way that each row in the following parameterisation tables refers to one class in the respective maps Each table column referes to one parameter In Figure 19 values entered for all parameters in the Maize row will apply to all maize pixels in the map FE LUCIA Land Use Change Impact Assessment eX bel EO E hor Lucia BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 i Maps Land cover Experts Please specify all required parameters for each land cove Land cover change Parameterised land covers can be saved as defaults and radioed defaults can be loaded C Optional Specify litter initialisation Management New land covers can be added but are not automatically allocated in the land cover map Burning If land covers are deleted they must be deleted in the land cover map as well TT Aptian sl Soacihunlant g ae erie Aguila F 380 Lectures SAIWAM SAIWAM IWM 201 2 SAIWAM 2 E BX anure eee Irrigation y gee x z Physiological stress Land Cover FORDE DRT Aguila F 380 Lectures SAIWAM SAIWAM IWM 2012 SAIWAM 2012 dataset BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 maps landcov F jarni an lt Land cover LAI LAI Root RWD Root Plant NPK initial max max fine _ shape Piia Paii 0 em Mom Present vegetation Maize Maize 5 0 006 25 Soil under bee Plant Im Litter initialisation Cassava Cassava 0 001 5 Soil Weather Intercrop Intercrop 0 001 5 100 0 004 2 2 Fallow rotation Paddy paddy 0 001 6 2 80 0 002 2 5 Orchard Orchard 0 001 5 33 350 0 004 1 5 al TB
20. User manual for the Land Use Change Impact Asessment tool LUCIA Simon Horhold Carsten Marohn Institute for Agroecology and Plant Production in the Tropics and Subtropics University of Hohenheim 2012 Preface This manual gives a step by step introduction to the Graphical User Interface of the LUCIA model and some hints for troubleshooting It has been produced on request of our students as a guide for the modules 3801 420 Crop Production Systems 3801 460 Ressourcennutzung in Hohenheim and Integrated Watershed Modelling SAIWAM course at Chiang Mai University It is supposed to serve as a hands on introduction that complements the model documentation but spares out the underlying theory We are grateful for any comments that help improving the usefulness of this document University of Hohenheim November 2012 Table of Contents PROT ACC aa n n Mace alec Gael Deaceca da E a A eeu 2 T Downoad ANG INSTA AGM capris ects teeleta rote a ar ouire te area bal ale esse aaa 5 1 4 stallation of PC Raster Tor WINGOWS voce dodet cece hace esses cate desetiatanes eet a aa eR ees 5 Ze NV S VAIO Mb LUC A a ess sisi seis he oad ade ets aside adaned shad cai AE 5 2 Before launcning ne user interage ics eho indvleee each eas wh oie ede caine 6 3 Starting the Graphical User Interface of LUCIA c cccccceccsecceecceeeceeeceecceeeeeeeesaeeeeesaeeseeseeceecesenseeseeees 7 eS ed ed ee Creanga new 08 eet ere ene eee en eee 7
21. _2012 Maps Management Land cover Fallow rotation Maps Management Land cover Soil Weather Output Figure 32 Scenarios displayed in the GUI 5 1 Adding and removing scenarios To add scenarios two options are possible creating a new scenario or copying an existing one Where scenarios differ only in few parameter values we recommend to copy the baseline and then modify it Go to File and Copy Scenario or use the short cut Ctrl Shift C You will be asked to identify the scenario to be copied Select the source folder of the scenario to be copied usually the baseline and assign the new scenario a meaningful and easily distinguishable name The GUI will now close and reopen automatically To create a new scenario select Create new scenario in the File menu The result will not contain any entries Scenarios are deleted selecting Delete scenario in the File menu 5 2 Scenario building The following self explaining slides from a LUCIA presentation show how a baseline and alternative scenarios are deducted from a research question and related hypothesis Figure 33 how a model a consecutively parameterised calibrated and validated Figure 34 and how both processes are linked Figure 35 to run comparative scenarios in a validated model Deforestation and maize monocropping in Uplands causing Sollerosion a Sedimentloads in rice paddies significantly higherlfuplands are deforested com p
22. active at this stage they will be used to control the WebGUI a tool to send the data filled into the GUI to a fast server for processing the simulation runs 4 2 Maps Under the index tab maps you need to identify several maps which will be used by the model as input parameters Figure 13 These show soils catchment area lakes topography Digital Elevation Model DEM local drain direction LDD and the test points for which model outputs are reported Maps can be displayed 1 using the Aguila software For land cover or soil maps legends displayed in Aguila will be updated once modifications are made to the class denominations in the respective tabs However these changes will only become effective after restarting the GUI Values of grid cells in the maps can be modified using Mapedit 2 However Mapedit and PCRaster are not fully compatible Also Mapedit does not preserve legend entries after editing a map These can be renewed through the respective tabs in the GUI More details on map editing are 4 Aguila is developed independently of PCRaster the latest version can be downloaded from http pcraster sourceforge net described under 4 2 2 Maps edited or copied into the data folder after opening the GUI can be loaded into the dataset using the Reload maps button in the right lower corner of the Maps tab Maps from other locations in the file system can be copied into the data set clicking Copy single map F LUC
23. ain Sol Soar Air temperature Soil temp mm mm temp rad 35 SOM C c W mP Weather Output 12 16 4 2 04 0 35 22 151 9 ae Fallow rotation 30 13 17 3 1 91 0 34 08 112 5 3 l4 i51 0 77 0 33 24 46 6 E o gt L IS i46 09 0 33 02 47 4 ko l ened f 16 15 4 0 77 0 32 88 47 4 v 520 ro 17 16 9 148 0 32 91 62 5 Q 18 16 1 1 42 0 25 32 48 92 3 Eas 19 16 7 1 63 0 32 41 105 2 20 15 9 0 83 0 32 99 48 4 lt 10 21156 1 58 0 33 62 88 5 5 22 i51 1 81 0 32 92 134 6 A DI A EY TN STE POE RF Bg 0 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000 6 000 23 12 9 1 77 0 31 89 134 1 Days lt Air temperature Figure 26 Weather tab in the GUI The best way to enter large amounts of weather data is by loading a time series file a tab delimited text file consisting of two columns time step day and weather data Alternatively copying from a spreadsheet or single data entries are possible To load time series tss files Click on load weather data Figure 27 left then select the appropriate tss file and confirm You need to check once again that the data set is entered into the correct GUI column Figure 27 right E Select target column S No of entries 5840 Select the target column for this file gt raini tss Elevation of weather stations 555 gt m asl airtemperature v Load weather data Figure 27 Data entry in the weather tab 4 5 Defining outputs and running the model LUCIA do
24. ared to forested uplands b Mitigation through crop rotation possible Area land use history differences in land use forest business as usual maize Cassavaj and management Sedimentloads under forest lt lt rotation lt maize Baseline Comparative Interpretation Testhypothesis Problem statement Research question Hypotheses Scenario development f NS Alternative scenarios L Figure 33 Deriving scenarios from a research question and hypotheses Entering inputdata into the model Maps Weather Soll plant param eters Measurements and eStim ates Fine tuning the system Adjusting values of Inputparam eters to fitthe model to measured outputs Testing the calibrated system using an Independentdata set Model param eterisation Model No fit A calibration F it ili Model validation No fit me Fit ii Validated baseline Figure 34 Parameterisation calibration and validation steps in modelling Problem statement Research question Hypotheses Scenario development Param eterisation C A Calibration Baseline Alternative scenarios Validation N L Param etrise Validated Comparative modelruns baseline Interpretation Figure 35 Comparative scenario runs using a validated model 5 3 Analysing outputs The recommended way to compare scenarios is by looking at single parameters for individual Test points Figure 36 Time series reported from PCRaster
25. ase TMaxi TMax2 DD2 DD2 Day 1st ing c c c Flower Harvest Flower ns degreeday degreeday d Maize 3 35 42 1125 2110 1 1 Cassava 45 35 42 1180 2110 1 1 Intercrop 15 35 42 1180 2110 1 1 365 0 13 0 1 0 0 03 22000 Paddy 19 35 42 1200 1500 1 1 365 0 2 0 0 0 02 1e 06 Orchard 5 35 42 1500 2500 1 1 365 0 18 0 0 0 001 400 3 Current working dir F 380 Lectures SAIWAM SAIWAM IWM 2012 SAIWAM 2012 dataset BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 Open path in explorer Figure 19 Parameter values in the Land cover tab and their corresponding spatial distribution 4 3 1 General hints for table entries LUCIA requires initial values for a range of parameters which are entered into data tables in the tabs Each of these tabs will be converted into a look up table that can be read by pcrcalc the engine of PCRaster The following explanations should facilitate data entry Information on unknown parameters can be retrieved hoovering with the mouse over the respective column header A tool tip Figure 20 will inform the full parameter name its unit permitted range and default values Be aware that defaults are just meant to avoid model crashes As the GUI does not know the plants results of default parameters are lonely of limited use WUE WUE _ l kgDM 1 l kgDM 1 524 524 345 345 420 420 1333 1333 500 500 Figure 20 a Tool tip explaining meaning unit and range of a parameter b Activated field Data can be entered either
26. ayed at the bottom of the Maedit window when moving the mouse over the respectuive cell In Figure 15 these parts are magnified X and Y coordinates of the cell column and row number and the values here Land cover class 6 are shown Mapedit is an external software for PCRaster and not fully compatible in every aspect It is recommended that modifications made to map values through Mapedit be saved after each edit not only when finishing an entire map Edited maps should be checked in Aguila to reassure that all cells have the expected values E MAPEDIT 1 11 F 380 Lectures SAIWAM SAIWAM IWM 201 2 SAIWAM 2012 dataset BanTat_SAIWAM_2 5X SHA RAREN 69 229 OH Of 380 Lectures SAMVAMIS x 915 9 896 7 col row 15 12 value gt 7 X 915 9 896 7 col row 15 12 value gt 7 Figure 15 Major features of Mapedit software 4 2 3 Test point map Another map that usually requires user edits is the Test point map Model outputs of a given parameter can be reported either as map series Shown as animated maps which requires large disk space and slows down simulations or as time series for a selection of cells in the landscape Test points are those cells for which time series outputs are generated as line graphs with the parameter value on the y and time on the x axis Figure 16 Aguila F 380 Lectures SAIWAM SAIWAM IWM 201 2 SAIWAM 2012 dataset BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 maps wcon_p out 1 2 F 380
27. by typing into a selected table field or using the up down arrows on the right side or using the up down arrows on the keyboard The tab key can be used to jump horizontally between fields 4 3 2 Management Choose the Management tab Figure 21 to define the overall management system for different crops For detailed options on burning fertilizer and manure application more information can be entered for selected land cover types in the Management sub tabs Burn Fertilizer or Manure for further explanation of the sub tabs see sections 4 3 2 1t04 3 2 2 In a first instance Profile related settings need to be defined in the top left corner These include the simulation period in days geographic latitude can be entered in degrees or radians this parameter is relevant to calculate day length and pixel length in metres Land cover specific parameters include tick boxes defining x whether a plant is annual not perennial x whether there is present biomass on the pixel before the simulation starts e g old growth forest x whether a plot is burned or ploughed before planting x whether fertilizer and manure are applied Dates of planting up to three per year and of slashing in case of LUC from a perennial vegetation type to any other vegetation can be determined as well The options Irrigation and Terrestrial are not activated E LUCIA Land Use Change Impact Assessment eee eee ee Profile settings H P OQ Show defau
28. clicking Install Figure 3 Setup Lucia 4 Select Destination Location b Where should Lucia be installed Q Welcome to the Lucia Setup Wizard This will install Lucia version Beta 0 9 9 on your computer bh Setup will install Lucia into the following folder Itis recommended that you dose all other applications before ee To continue click Next If you would like to select a different folder click Browse Click Next to continue or Cancel to exit Setup At least 38 5 MB of free disk space is required Dn ntinaies Figure 3 Installation process for LUCIA 2 Before launching the user interface A few set up changes may be needed to set up your system in the best way for LUCIA If you are working on a computer with language settings other than English you will need to change the language format in your system Figure 4 ON a windows XP or 7 machine go to the control panel and select Time Language and Region Click on Region and Language and change the format to any English system In the numbers settings rider set the decimal symbol to point Customize Regional Options p Numbers Currency Time Date Sample Positive 123 456 789 00 Negative 123 456 789 00 Adjust your computer settings for vision hearing and mobility Installs and troubleshoots hardware Install or remove programs and Windows components Configure administrative
29. compete with PCRaster check the task manager to see which process is blocking how much CPU and memory capacity 6 18 The LUCIA GUI is not opening The GUI may be opening slowly depending on the number of scenarios etc However if there is no reaction after some minutes one of the maps may be corrupted This can happen if maps have recently been edited in Mapedit If you suspect that this is the case 1 Verify whether the map is the reason Open the land cover maps and other recently edited maps in Aguila through the Nutshell Note which of the maps cannot be opened 2 Convert the map s to ASCII and back to PCRaster format For the example of a corrupted map landcover02 map the commands are as follows map2asc landcover02 map landcover02 asc asc2map m 9999 clone landcover01 map landcover02 asc landcover02 map The first command converts the PCRaster file into ASCII It is advisable to open this ASCII file in a text editor cautious with large files look for anomalies and check the values for missing pixel values usually along the margins of the map 9999 or 1e31 are values often used The second command converts the ASCII file back to PCRaster First the value for missing values is defined here 9999 then the clone map which is a map of the same dimensions and number type as the one to be produced in this case landcover0O1 map Last the source and target files are typed 6 19 Aguila interface looks differ
30. ctsacseeconseccateanrasecgcrosarecanczesucsesussaeseienteesaeeeeaed 34 6 8 lt A Scenaro cannot De Saved i ecrarsceccc tcc scceseseden czececeentess seasacs est eceecs aa I ees 35 6 9 COS Are NOL GIOW ING sscrscnscscaceetccscecaccececteecscecaosedecsaess acer sadvesnieenanven tes ceecnceiact secadaes eet deneeatentenseeenaeeee 35 6 10 Perennials are no growing after land cover USE CNANGE cccceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeseeseeseeeeseeeetsess 35 6 11 There is no erosion where it WAS EXPECTHEA cccccecccseccaeeceeeeceecceeeceeeceeeseeeeueesueeueeaeeeeeeeesetseeaes 35 6 12 Erosion rates appear to be tre M NCOu ccscccecccesceceeeceeeceeeceeecueecueeseecsesageseesseueseuseseesseeseees 36 6 13 How to reset erase output parameters or planting AateS cccccceecssecceeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeceeeeeeeaeeaes 37 6 14 TNE SIMUIALIOI IS VETY SIOW cscs vedi eanen E a e daigelennuecciathen dea aad E EEEREN ETE SEES 37 6 15 ne LUCAS UNIS MOU ODO MING isc eco er vache saga E a e es sive ad ae eewientoeene 37 6 16 Aguila interface looks different than the one in this MANUAI cceccceecseeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeass 38 OSS aac a E a et get cee ee E auie A hea eatin eects 39 1 Download and Installation 1 1 Installation of PCRaster for Windows Download the installation file from the PCRaster web sitet and double click it On the Opening window agree to the EULA and choose whether you want to make PCRast
31. elect in path Select programming error This may be solved by moving the project folder to another directory 6 8 LUCIA error message on closing the GUI The following kind of error message Figure 45 can be ignored because the error is under control Figure 42 LUCIA error message upon closing the GUI If you are interested what happened in the background consult the log file in the LUCIA installation folder if the message appears cryptic send it to us 6 9 No permission to save results PCRaster starts normally but crashes usually at timestep 129 when outputs ought to be saved from memory to disk The following error message pops up Figure 43 F PcRaster faild X PCRaster returned an error Hide Details Executing timestep 128 Executing timestep 129 Executing timestep 129 C Documents and Settings carsten Desktop SAIWAM 2012 Tupthai BanTat_SAI WAM_2012 mapsilucia txt 2038 8 ERROR RUNTIME at timestep 129 File w_p out could not open create file for writing Permission denied Figure 43 pcrcalc Error message on missing permission to save files Solution Close out files you may have opened for exporting data to spreadsheets 6 10 A scenario cannot be saved Scenario names must be unique If the name you are trying to choose is already in use Figure 44 the scenario cannot be saved Please choose a different scenario name ES SSE a Copy Scenario failed ii
32. ent than the one in this manual Please download the recent version from http pcraster sourceforge net Don t forget to set the path correctly Glossary Aguila Alternative scenario Baseline Calibration GUI Ksat LUCIA Look up table Mapedit Nutshell Parametrisation PCRaster Visualization software for raster maps and time series data of PCRaster Scenario varying from the Baseline in one or more parameter values used for comparison Scenario representing state as is or current practice for comparison to alternative scenarios Fine tuning model parameterisation to fit existing measured output data Graphical User Interface to facilitate data entry into LUCIA visualisation of input and output data and command execution in PCRaster Saturated hydraulic conductivity parameter describing potential water infiltration under saturated soil conditions in mm d Land Use Change Impact Assessment landscape model for assessing impacts of land use change and management on soil productivity and fertility biomass production watershed functions and environmental services in small mountainous catchments Emphasis on matter flows in the landscape that connect upland and lowland areas Table containing arrayed information per land cover or soil class for various parameters Each tab in the GUI corresponds to a look up table text file that is read by pcrcalc once the model is running Soft
33. er available for all user accounts on your computer or only for the account you are using Finally select the directory where PCRaster should be installed and the Start Menu folder Figure 1 PCRaster will now be installed and ready to use 3 PCRaster Setup SE C5 PCRaster Setup install Options Chose options for installing PCRaster theme Press Page Down to see the rest of the agreement The PCRaster programs are installed for End User License Agreement This End User License Agreement is a legal contract between you as either an individual or a single business entity and PCRaster Environmental Software All users on this system PCRaster programs are added to the PATH environment variable PES Consultancy BV for all users 1 Use of the software implies that you have read ia license agreement and agree fully with what is stated in this agreemen 2 If you obtained the free Microsoft Windows version a PCRaster for each personal registration you are licensed to use the software on one computer For any other use of PCRaster you have purchased the correct license from The current user only PCRaster programs are added to the PATH environment variable for the current user If you accept the terms of the agreement dick I Agree to continue You must accept the agreement to install PCRaster lt Back _next gt canei lt Back tage cancel SS naa p T e e E alam
34. ertilisation and irrigation and model properties 3 Parameterise land ome and sod properties 4 Enter weather data In each tab general explanations are green on how to enter the required paranveter wales Additionally each column header is linked to a tooltip that explains the parameter its permitted range and default value You can wse tab bo move between fields and type in or use up down annows bo change wales Curent eing de Dt Progem Files bhla demo run Wi demo nan Mii bassina p rn path in mpiore Figure 6 Start up window of the LUCIA GUI If the GUI does not open correctly you might try again identifying the correct profile 3 1 2 Open an existing Profile To start LUCIA using an existing Profile simply find the application and double click it You will be asked to select your Profile Figure 7 Do so by browsing to the folder that contains your dataset This folder must contain a folder named settings Figure 8 otherwise it will not be found by the GUI This implies that changes to the folder structure should preferably not be made in the File Manager but in the LUCIA GUI sa re o Figure 7 Select an existing profile Apart from the settings folder the Profile stores all Scenarios in separate folders G d Computer Programme D gt Program Files x86 Lucia demo_run_080411 demo run 080411 Organisieren v In Bibliothek aufnehmen v Freigeben f r v Brennen Neuer Ordner
35. es not report all possible parameters but only a user defined selection To create outputs select parameters by clicking on one of the buttons in the column Parameter ion the left side of the Output tab Figure 28 E LUCIA Land Use Change Impact Assessment File Model Help View Mailing El OO Ocen Luda Report outputs BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 t Maps Please select output parameter s to be reported Seer sig Parameter names ending on tot represent aggregated values over the entire catchment Such ending on cum are cumulative values and cover Soil Two options are possible Output a Time series representing the total catchment or testpoints Fallow rotation b Map series for the entire catchment interval yearly monthly daily or per major rainfall event Not all options are available for all parameters Be aware that generation of numerous maps will slow down the model run After running the model Click on the right to view time series or map series after the simulation Map series occupy large disc space and can be deleted using the button on the right A Total time series V Test point time series Map series and Erosion Yield yearly cumulative Mg ha Soil loss Maha P constraint Show Current working dir F 380 Lectures SAIWAM SAIWAM IWM 2012 S amp IWAM 2012 dataset BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 Open path in explorer Figure 28 Output tab A pop up window will open showing a list of all poten
36. h initial estimate of biomass and leaf area index can be derived from different estimation methods in this tab Destructive measurements allometric and two age based equations can be chosen for a first approximation of standing biomass Depending on the estimation method different green fields need to be filled in the upper part of the tab In the lower part biomass is calculated based on these parameters these pink cells cannot be edited As LAI is a very rough estimate at plant stand level its value can be manually overwritten LAI from the Present vegetation tab overrules initial LAI in the Land cover tab 4 3 7 Soil under Land use Parameters in the Soil under land use tab are actually soil parameters which are in the Land cover section because they depend more on vegetation particularly litter than on soil genesis and thus change within shorter time horizons Active and slow litter pools are describe in the LUCIA documentation The SOM multiplier has been added here for experimental purposes 4 3 8 Plant impact Plant canopy as protection against erosion is parameterised here on an empiric dimensionless scale BD Impact stands for loosening or compacting influence of land covers on Bulk Density and is also dimensionless with values below 1 indicating a loosening effect and above 1 stand for compaction 4 3 9 Litter initialisation Edits to this tab can only be made once the Expert settings option in the Land cover tab
37. he screenshot below Figure 18 the Nutshell combines a command line top left quarter a file manager lower left and a text editor with special highlighting options for PCRaster syntax right half overlayed by Aguila map Apart from the PCRaster apoplications pcrcalc oldcalc aguila and legend The Nutshell provides Mapedit as own software The map shows land cover overlaid by the LDD which may help in selecting Test points To 6 http Awww itc nl lisem nutshell display this overlay both single maps were copied into on folder the file manager was used to navigate to this folder the green circle was clicked to set the working directory to this folder and finally the command displayed in the console was typed aguila landcover map Idd map NutShell 3 5 File Edit Run Help DEON xs OO SOS SH ALL lA Eg Workdir D Program Files x86 Lucia demo_run_0804LLdama mn 08041 i G HA ah K i aa Subst File Edt View Help gt aguila landcover map ldd map i m amp Idd map flow direc E MaizeBur C MaizeBur Hi MaizeBur CD Cassava 1 MME Cassava command ist agulla landcover map Idd map GN Cassava E Maize Ca lt 7 ETERS BEB Maize Ca Ji demo_run_ 080411 Name maa demo run OS0411 a l airtempe Paddy 2 di settings zo lareamag GEE Paddy 3 a rr I 4 G a baseline __ area_scalll B d maps _ cellnumBgs New Folder ZA dem map d
38. ixel Alternatively you may look into soil loss which is erosion deposition can be positive or negative or into topsoil depth which shows thickness of the topsoil Convert Mg ha into cm soil assume bulk density 1 Mg m are the rates still high In case of line graph outputs check where your test points are located If you e g placed a test point at the catchment outlet Figure 46 it will report all sediment leaving the catchment which is usually relatively high This is also true for the main flows within the catchment File Edit View Help m pa Idd map flow directic dem map 2478 454 430 406 382 358 Figure 46 Catchment outlet in upper right corner Black lines illustrate flows within the catchment towards the outlet 6 16 How to reset erase output parameters or planting dates Reducing outputs that slow down the model or removing planting dates in the Management tab can be done by right clicking on the respective field 6 17 The simulation is very slow There are many possible reasons for this If the runs used to be faster before i e no hardware limitations the number of time steps or of output maps selected may be a cause Running scenarios on external hard disks can also slow down simulations as data need to be exchanged between both hard disk and computer Resource intensive open applications like office software run time anti virus settings or CPU intensive applications may
39. loaded at once using defaults Select the row under consideration Load a default land cover type A collection of parameterised land cover types is available for loading certain vegetation types where own data are missing Save own data as default Own entries for single land cover types can be saved as defaults for future use Make sure to select a meaningful name that is not in use 4 3 4 ASsimilates and NPK concentrations in plants Parameters in the Assimilates tab have in common that they relate to photosynthesis and that they are development dependent i e they change during the physiological development stages of a plant Development depends on temperature sums that is degrees air temperature above a plant specific minimum within a plant species specific range per day Plant development starts with a value of D 0 at germination and species specific temperature sums are needed to reach flowering stage D 1 and maturity D 2 on a dimensionless range from 0 to 2 8 Ataplant specific minimum temperature for growth of 10 C and a maximum of 42 C a day with 18 C air temperature would be counted as 8 degreedays or air temperature minimum temperature 9 More information on modelling concepts is given in the LUCIA documentation at http lucia uni hohenheim de All parameters in this tab are decisive for biomass growth and yields First partitioning of carbohydrates to different plant parts is regulated The value for
40. lt Lucia Profile settings A 7 BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 Geographic latitude of catchment 0 365 radians Number of timesteps 3650 int Li Management Res pores 9 Burning Geographic latitude of catchment 0 365 Geographic latitude of catchment N 20 91 degrees Fertiliser Manure Geographic latitude of catchment N 20 91 Irrigation Pixel length 10 Sm Number of timesteps 3650 Days f Testpoints Physiological stress Pixel length 10 Land cover k 2 _ ply Irrigate Terrestrial Annual Present Planting Planting Planting Slashing Apply Ap fertiliser manure Fallow rotation vegetation vegetation day 1 day 2 jay 3 day Cyyyy mm dd yyyy mm dd yyyy mm dd yyvyy mm dd Maize OD 120 0 0 K K K K Cassava K 150 0 0 K O 0 0 K Intercrop K E 120 0 0 Oe od Oo Oo 8 Paddy K 77 yo7 1999 vlo o id E Orchard K K 1 July 1999 gt 999 01 02 li 26 0 1 2 3 1 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 p99 01 02 11 12 13 14 45 16 17 J 1999 01 02 is 19 21 22 23 24 p99 01 02 25 26 27 29 30 31 1 gt 4 lt A yg i Forest Eppe pgE Dpi E O00 Oo 0 K 000 K Oo Fallow O Current working dir F 380 Lectures SAIWAM SATWAM IWM 2012 SAIWAM 2012 dataset BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 lopen path in explorer Figure 21 Management tab showing magnified Profile related settings top and data entry for the second planting
41. ng one 3 1 1 Creating a new profile To create a new profile it is assumed that your data e g the downloaded training dataset or a set of maps and weather data have been stored in one common folder which has been named accordingly In the GUI click on Create new and once you are asked by the GUI to Select the directory that contains your model input data select the data folder Next you will be prompted to name your scenarios for now one scenario with a meaningful name will be sufficient You are then asked to identify the folder where your PCRaster applications are installed usually C PCRaster apps or C Program_Files PCRaster apps it is not necessary to browse to the exe files inside the apps folder This is necessary because the LUCIA GUI needs to call PCRaster software to modify maps and to run the model Usually LUCIA identifies the PCRaster directory by itself If not browse manually to the correct directory as well as the paths for Aguila MapEdit etc all of which can be found in the PCRaster apps folder If everything is done correctly LUCIA will start and you will see the start up window Figure 6 a berere is Welcome to the LUCIA user interface Nel erase rea In the Tolhowing tabs you will be guided through all mecessary steps of model Lami comer paranveterisaticn 3an 1 Select fhe maps representing the profile catchment ee aps rep g p 2 Define managerem scenarios sodh as h
42. ons true or false This is for example the case with the map lakes map where a pixel can either have a lake or not Scalar formats display continuous or linear data e g elevation in Figure 13 Nominal values differentiate qualitative or classification characteristics This is the case for the land cover or soil maps which distinguish vegetation or soil classes Ordinal scales include a ranking between the classes as would be the case with plot preferences for cultivation Directional or vector formats have a magnitude and a direction as it is the case in LUCIA with Idd map which represents the water flows within the catchment For more information on the data types see the PCRaster manual 5 PCRaster manual http pcraster geo uu nl documentation pcrman x181 htm secdatbasemaptype 4 2 1 Land cover change The Map tab contains a sub tab Land cover change Figure 14 This tab allows changing land cover types between years New maps can be added or deleted and modified here Defining only one land cover map stands for continuous land use without changes If less maps than simulation years are defined the former will be looped BS LUCIA Land Use Change Impact Assessment File Model Help View Mailing H p froen Show default Lucia BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 Maps Land use section Please select the maps referring to your catchment Here you have the possibility to select various land use maps for various years e g if y
43. pective fertiliser type and amounts are entered Manure Elemental contents are then calculated automatically Irrigation Physiological stress Land cover Assimilates Plant NPK Plant Quality gt 7 Day 1 Type Amount N_ Pp K _ Day 2 Type Amount N_ P K Present vegetation Fertiliser N F K dd mm yy kotha kg ha kgha kg ha dd mm yy kotha kgha kg ha kglha Soil under LU type Plant Impact Maize 120 13 5 7 200 26 10 14 0 0 0 0 0 Litter initialisation 1 13 5 7 0 13 0 05 0 07 Soil Cassava 150 13 5 7 100 13 5 7 0 Select 0 0 0 0 Weather 2 Urea 0 464 0 0000 0 0000 E Fallow rotation Intercrop 129 13 5 7 100 13 5 7 0 Select 0 0 0 0 Paddy 77 135 7 300 39 15 21 199 13 5 7 300 39 15 21 Orchard 273 135 7 100 13 5 7 0 Select 0 0 0 0 v Add fertiliser type Current working dir F 380 Lectures SAIWAM SAIWAM IWM 2012 SAIWAM 2012 dataset BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 Open path in explorer Figure 22 The Fertilizer sub tab Manure application follows the same principles but only three applications per year are possible In contrast to mineral fertilizer manure is not immediately plant available but needs to undergo decomposition processes first For this reason C polyphenol and lignin contents need to be entered in addition to N P and K contents 4 3 2 3 Physiological stress This tab has been designed for experimental testing of potential plant growth Water and nutrient constraints can be adju
44. put type for a parameter Click the green sign in the main menu to run the model Run time depends on your machine s processor and memory simulation period and number of outputs selected After the model run time series can be opened clicking on the respective Show button Map series can be animated in Aguila under the File menu Figure 31 at various animation intervals Aguila F 380 Lectures SAIWAM SAIWAM IWM 2012 SAIWAM 201 5 x or per major rainf m F 380 Lectures S C Loop animation Time step Animation interval 300ms Close Figure 31 Displaying animated maps in Aguila It may be helpful to change the scale to analyze magnitudes of your outputs this can be done in Aguila right clicking on the legend and selecting Edit draw properties All reported maps can be deleted using the Delete all maps button This might be useful in order to reset a scenario e g if input parameters are changed 5 Modelling building scenarios So far we have only looked at the baseline Departing from a calibrated and validated baseline alternative scenarios can be implemented in the GUI e g Fallow rotation in Figure 32 All scenarios contain an identical list of options as the baseline that is maps management land cover soil weather and output E LUCIA Land Use Change Impact A File Model Help View Mailing H p gt S O Show default Lucia BanTat_SAIWAM
45. settings for your computer Decimal symbol j Set up Windows to automatically deliver important updates No of digits after decimal Digit grouping symbol Digit grouping Customize the display of files and folders change file associations and make network files avail Add change and manage fonts on your computer Add remove and configure game controller hardware such as joysticks and gamepads Control the graphics hardware features of this computer Configure your Internet display and connection settings Customize your keyboard settings such as the cursor blink rate and the character repeat rate Customize your mouse settings such as the button configuration double click speed mouse po Connects to other computers networks and the Internet Launch the Network Setup Wizard Configure your telephone dialing rules and modem settings Configure energy saving settings for your computer Shows installed printers and fax printers and helps you add new ones Customize settings for the display of languages numbers times and dates 123 456 789 lt ES Si ES S S SS S Ns _ _ Regional Options Languages Advanced Standards and formats This option affects how some programs format nls Currencies dates and time Notepad EB Select an item to match its preferences or c usto win Formats l Microsoft Office PowerPoint English United Kingdom 2007 Samples w
46. soc Nt Top Nt St Unit Top Sub Top Sub Top Sub Top Sub Top Sub Top Sub enlace cm cm Mg m Mg m ae ong Gleysol Gleysol 20 80 0 0 35 0 3 04 2 1 13 08 Information me s Acrisol Acrisol 20 80 0 0 35 0 3 0 4 2 1 13 0 8 fi Please select one soil 4 ES TPV Top TPVSub FC Top FC Sub PWP Top PWP Sub sian aaa Ksat Top Ksat Sub Psi E Top 0 l 0 l 0 mm d mm kPa Gleysol Gleysol 0 46 0 46 0 33 0 37 0 19 0 24 0 14 0 11 136 56 36 96 5 42 Acrisol Acrisol 0 46 0 46 0 33 0 37 0 19 0 24 0 14 0 11 136 56 36 96 5 42 Figure 39 LUCIA error No soil type selected to load default 6 4 PCRaster runtime error In Figure 40 LUCIA reports a PCRaster run time error occurring in one of the first lines of the lucia txt script This happens if one or more drop down menu fields for map selection in the Land cover tab have been left blank or an incorrect data type has been chosen e g a boolean type like the area map and a scalar or nominal one have been confused PCRaster faild lt a x PCRaster returned an error ox ea pcrcalc version Nov 30 2009 win32 msvc D Program Files x86 Lucia demo_run_080411 demo run 080411 baseline maps lucia txt 7 9 ERROR Syntax error at symbol Figure 40 PCRaster runtime error message due to missing maps The GUI does not check plausibility of maps so make sure data types are correct To easily check map types use The Nu
47. sted artificially to learn about growth conditions and stress factors The default value O represents natural conditions given by soil properties etc The value 1 represents unconstrained growth Values in between are proportional e g N constraint 0 3 stands for 30 of the daily demand being available irrespective of the soil s actual N reserves 4 3 3 Land cover Under Land cover physiological characteristics of the vegetation types are defined Find out about the spatial arrangement of each land cover by checking the landcover map in the Land cover change tab The sub tabs Litter initialisation and Plant quality which contain expert settings are locked unlocked for data entry from this tab Figure 23 top 7 Sensitive parameters which are not easy to determine change only if you know what you are doing E LUCIA Land Use Change Impact Assessment Fie Model Help View Mailing kh EO A hoi Lucia gt BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 Land cover Experts ps Please specify all required parameters for each land cover Sine ee Land cover change Parameterised land covers can be saved as defaults and predefined defaults can be loaded C Optional Specify litter initialisation Management New land covers can be added but are not automatically allocated in the land cover map Burning If land covers are deleted they must be deleted in the land cover map as well C Optional Specify plant quality parameters Fertiliser Manure a i
48. t and shoot ratio add up to 1 too Plant Quality Two point parameterisation is applied for AMD and SLA too Present vegetation Soil under LU Plant Impact Litter initialisation Root Root pey Soil D1 Pi Weather i e proportion of 1 Cassava Maize Output Fallow rotation Cassava Intercrop Paddy Orchard Forest Fallow 1 Development stage Root Leaf Harvest lt iv Figure 24 Assimilates tab and pop up window for visualisation of cardinal points All values are given for two cardinal points of development stages The GUI provides a visualisation to aid parameterisation Figure 24 In the Plant NPK tab macronutrient concentrations in the roots leaves stems and harvestables are development dependent as explained above These values together with biomass determine the nutrient demand of a plant stand 4 3 5 Plant quality Characteristics of plants relevant for decomposition are parameterized here This includes lignin and polyphenol concentrations in different plant parts as these substances slow down microbial break up of plant substrate Remobilisation describes the ability to return nutrients back to plant storage places before leaf litter is shed Edits to this tab can only be made once the Expert settings option in the Land cover tab is ticked 4 3 6 Present vegetation For vegetation that exists before the simulation begins such as old growth forests a roug
49. t automatically placed in the soil map C Specify SOM details optional Assimilates If a soil class is deleted it must be removed from the sol map Plant NPK Plant Quality BanTat_SAIWAM_2012 Present vegetation Soil under LU Plant Impact Nt Sub akai non Bide Antes KavTop Kav Su pH Top pHSub Ksat Theta hee Litter initialisation kg E kg koi S oko gkg oko moko mg kgs D9 oo EY mmd C BT Gleysol 0 6 0 016 0 06 64 33 0 1 0 1 5 8 5 30 0 6 0 6 0 8 0 01 0 01 5 P sorption P Weathered K Weathered mg kg d mg kg d Output E Fallow rotation BT Acrisol 0 7 0 016 0 07 8 3 0 1 0 06 4 8 30 0 6 0 6 0 8 0 01 0 01 2 New Load default Save as default Soil Lambda Lambda gt TPY Top TPY Sub FC Top FC Sub PWP Top PWP Sub unk a BT Gleysol BT Gleysol 0 43 0 41 0 25 0 27 0 13 0 15 0 17 0 14 354 34 247 35 3 17 Ksat Top Ksat Sub Psi E Top mm d mm d kPa BT Acrisol BT Acrisol 0 43 0 44 0 24 0 32 0 12 0 18 0 17 0 15 449 47 78 93 2 48 Figure 25 Soil tab in the LUCIA GUI Hydrological parameters are estimated in the lower part of the tab Figure 25 based on empirical equations derived from user entries on SOM bulk density stone contents and texture The hydrological parameters are crucial and sensitive for water infiltration into the soil and thus also for run off and erosion Parameters calculated from the routines by SAXTON AND RAWLS 2006 cannot be edited in the GUI
50. t open up after clicking OK The logfile C Program Files x86 Lucia lucia exe log could not be opened Enno 13 Permission dened C Program Files x86 Lucia lucia exe log Figure 37 Windows 7 error message on missing permission This error is Windows 7 related You may need to log on as administrator install LUCIA or save your data elsewhere on the hard disk 6 2 Map legends and table entries do not match Table rows in the Land cover and Soil tabs are dynamically linked to legend entries in the Land cover and Soil map If one of both is changed after the GUI has been closed as is the case when maps are exchanged or edited outside the GUI this leads to a mismatch Tie caved sod name m the mag and in settings are different Wes or Yes to all wall keep the map legend name s Ne or No te all will use the narne s from settings Scenario name baseline Name from mape Gleyosol Name from settings Gheysol es to All Ne Ne te All Figure 38 LUCIA prompt to harmonize legend and table entries You will be asked separately for each scenario to change one of both data This can be done one by one or changing all entries at once Yes No to all 6 3 Loading Land cover Soil defaults does not work In order to load or save default soil or land cover types the respective table row needs to be selected first baseline Soil Thickness Thickness Stones Stones BD BD Sand Sand Clay Clay soc
51. tial output parameters At the top a pre selection can be made showing only parameters of one group Hydrology Plant Soil Organic matter Soil fertility or known names can be typed into the search field Figure 29 E Select Parameter Filter groups C Hydrology C Plant C Soil fertility _ som Filter text Sort alphabetically ascending Active C subsoil Mg ha Active C subsoil tot Mg Active C topsoil Mg ha Active C topsoil tot Mg Baseflow mm Biomass tot Mg Burned metab C Mg ha Burned metab N Masha Burned metab P Mg ha Burned struc C Masha Burned struc K Mg ha Burned struc N Mg ha Burned struc P Masha C burned Ma ha C exported Masha CN metabolic surf litter Capillary rise mm Cover Factor J Mailu lakov Flaw ManmMidih st Figure 29 Selecting output parameters Deselecting defined outputs is done by right clicking on the parameter button Several outputs can be displayed for each parameter by ticking the buttons to the right of the parameter name Figure 30 Time series for the Total catchment or for the Test points will show line graphs while Map series will produce animated maps for yearly Y monthly M daily D intervals or rain events gt 30 mm Erosion Note that the creation of daily maps may significantly increase model run time Parameter Total time series Test point time series Map series and Erosion wv o Figure 30 Selecting the appropriate out
52. tshell 6 5 PCRaster runtime error Il LUCIA displays the PCRaster runtime error click on show details to learn more shown in Figure 41 E PCRaster faild amp PCRaster returned an error ide Detail E LUCIA Land Use Change Impact Assessment View Mailing Help E Run Model Ctrl B percale version Nov 30 2009 win32 msvc create Ctrl Shift B C Documents and Settings carsten Desktop SAIWAM 2012 dataset Tests with version ia 122 maps lucia txt 327 21 ERROR AssimilatesLUT binding assimilates lut while parsing lookuptable assimilates lut t D ma TOT BanTat_SAIWAM_2012_NFert Number of line 0 column 1 read None expected one of lt or a number Figure 41 PCRaster runtime error due to lut exported with headers To solve this click on Model gt Expert settings in the main menu and disable the option Build luts with header 6 6 PCRaster runtime error Ill PCRaster error report File rubber lut No such file or directory Some versions contain a rubber module which has not yet been implemented in the GUI and needs to find data directly from a look up table Please send an email to the LUCIA team under hitp lucia uni hohenheim de we will send you the file 6 7 PCRaster runtime error IV i PCRaster faild ze PCRe PCRaster returned an error percale version Oct 3 2007 win32 msvc ERROR Unknown exception boost filesystem path invalid name S
53. ucture of tabs in the LUCIA GUI To open scenarios or tabs click on the small sign or arrow to the left of the respective tab The different options will be discussed in detail in the following chapters Every tab contains a short explanation on its meaning and hints how to fill it Reading these explanations thoroughly will help a first time user to avoid unnecessary difficulties 4 Model Parametrisation 4 1 Main menu Figure 12 shows the main options provided by the GUI symbols from left to right Saving a Profile 1 run a scenario which includes generating look up tables 2 generate look up tables without running the model 3 and find more information about LUCIA 4 on local resources and in the web These include the Documentation concepts this User Manual and information on the project as well as some useful software tools The Show Default button displays which parameters have been set to default values E LUCIA Land Use Change Impact Ass File Model Help View Mailing H p gt i Show default 1 2 3 4 5 Figure 12 Main menu of the LUCIA GUI The text menu on top contains additional commands Menu File leads to various scenario related operations 5 1 and allows to switch between watersheds here in the sense of Profiles Model offers an option for developers to export look up tables with parameter names as headers which can be useful for debugging The Mailing options are under development and not
54. ver map Zi Show Map Edit map Soil map soil map v Show Map Edit map Copy single map Reload maps Figure 17 The Test points map displayed in the Map tab using Aguila In summary a sufficient number of points distributed wisely is crucial for interpreting the simulation well while too many points may result in confusing visualisation As the in built PCRaster softwares timeplot and Aguila allow only limited post processing it may be useful to export time series into a spreadsheet application For LUCIA the Rapid Data Tool assists in exporting 5 3 Technically to add test points or change the arrangement of the current points click Edit map in the LUCIA GUI and remove a Test point by selecting it and assigning it the value O no test point If you want to add a new test point select a point with the value O and assign it an integer value gt 0 When deleting or adding test points check for a complete sequence of numbers Missing values in a sequence e g 1 2 3 6 7 8 9 leaving out 4 and 5 may lead to errors when executing your model 4 2 4 Map manipulation using The Nutshell For our Test point example it might also be helpful to overlay maps with the Idd map showing the directional water flow You can do so by opening The Nutshell a User Interface for PCRaster applications developed by V v Jetten at ITC As can be seen from t
55. ware used to edit maps User interface to navigate between files edit PCRaster scripts run PCRaster commands and edit and run PCRaster maps and their legends and properties The process data entry needed to run a model Software that combines GIS and programming language used to construct spatio temporal environmental models mainly applied in environmental modelling Scenario Describes a situation under certain assumptions and changes in parameters Test point s Pixel s within the catchment for which outputs of a model run are reported Validation Assessing the accuracy of model predictions using an independent dataset
56. z Microsoft Office Word 2007 Number ES Set Program Access and 123 456 769 00 Defaults Currency 123 456 789 00 7 Zip File Manager iz 7z 9 Connect To k Time 10 31 27 K Short date 3C Microsoft Office Excel 2007 g 2 Printers and Faxes 08 11 2012 Long date 08 November 2012 Adobe Reader X Help and Support Search Location To help services provide you with local information such as news and I Run weather select your present location United States v ae oo Figure 4 Change the language settings in Windows XP to English 3 Starting the Graphical User Interface of LUCIA Opening LUCIA you will first be asked to select an existing profile or to create a new one Figure 5 In this manual the term Profile stands for one catchment All maps characterising this catchment must have the same coordinates projection pixel size and shape as is the case for a mapset in a GIS system Within one catchment different scenarios can be generated that cover changes in land use management or weather among others For a correct profile implementation check chapter 3 Starting LUCIA Select Project Directory Please select an existing profile from the file system or create a new one Figure 5 Opening LUCIA for the first time identification of an existing profile If LUCIA has not been installed on your computer before you have to create a new profile otherwise you may browse and select an existi

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