Home

Operators manual

1. 35 4 1 RESERVED KEYS Home Del Ctrlt Break F keys 35 4 2 BREWER COMMAND SUMMARY cccceeeeeeececceeeeeeceeetecacaeeeeeeesececcaeaeeeeeeeeeesecsncaneeeess 36 5 ROUTINE OPERATIONS AND MINOR MAINTENANCE sss enne 49 5 1 DAILY TASKS occa RT 49 5 2 WEEKLEY TASKS ertet ire ee eret ea cer aad ene e ok pees ude retener ea eeu e 53 5 3 INFREQUENT TASKS a dead dae re exa Er 53 5 4 MINOR MAINTERNANGE taco ene o ne ree eet etit nene tne nr rr ea are 53 o0 UV STABILITY CHECK haee eade a 57 7 SOLAR AND LUNAR SITING SI SIM oo ccc cece ce a eee eee 61 9 BREWER SCHEDULES SE SKG SK ect ener eene rete e tane 63 APPENDIX A BREWER DATA FILES ppuan a a ee 65 APPENDIX B CONFIGURATION FILE eS erae abd ent 81 APPENDIX C Biriziieleu c 85 LAMP DATA ANALBYS S electi ettet t ce tno ett eeed etre etd gesta lec adeste ode a 85 Brewer amp TP 85 Lamp Irradiarice Ies rt ortae eee ettet sid dadisavetuedanancdcdaawedseuahahdeatanweetten 86 UV DATA ANALYSIS PROGRAMS ctetu tate thee t e RR tee ee Dee Rt 86 UV and UX Data Analysis Programs
2. changes at solar midnight adjust using the DA command indicates that the Brewer is in Ozone mode no adjustment specifies constants for the Brewer adjust using the NO command determines Site specific information change location with LL command change Site information with LF command used to indicate if the desiccant needs changing change the desiccant if index values are consistently greater then 10 reminder that time is Co ordinated Universal Time Greenwich Mean Time indicates if the System is using the Brewer Clock 1 or the Computer clock E Brewer clock can be toggled ON or OFF in the Configuration File with the command indicates the system time and should be within 20 seconds of GMT for proper tracking adjusted with TI the Version number of the Brewer Software the current Solar Zenith Angle these fields were originally intended to monitor communications between the Computer and the Brewer As Computer speed increases the usefulness of these indicators decreases The Data Set is a much better indicator of Communications if the Brewer is fitted with a moisture sensor option this field indicates the amount of moisture in one unit volume of air in the Brewer enclosure 50 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE 1 830 5 ROUTINE OPERATIONS AND MINOR MAINTENANCE 20 M 18 Current Activity Most Recent
3. Air Mass 3 2 to 5 without corrections This is a useful command at high latitudes and is normally not used where DS readings are available For the FZ measurement the iris is closed FW 1 is set to position 3 and FW 2 is set to position 5 The minimum zenith angle at which an FZ may be taken is 73 See also DS command FZSUM Focused Sun Data Summary FZSUM command reads the daily Data B file and printouts out the summary results of the day s FZ measurements The FZSUM command is usually invoked as part of the ED command MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP amp oe GS HG 4 BREWER COMMANDS Gratings Data Collection GS initiates a routine that collects data required to calculate Grating Slope and Grating Intercept values which ensure that the two gratings are synchronised during scanning The routine performs a scan on slits 1 through 5 Data is written to a GSJJJYY nnn file and can be processed by the RD_GS EXE program to calculate the Grating Slope and Grating Intercept to ensure that the two gratings are synchronised during scanning operations GS and RD_GS EXE are normally run by as part of factory set up operations or when problems are experienced with the micrometers or gratings Mercury Wavelength Calibration HG is used to accurately locate the 302 15 nm line of the Mercury spectrum and then adjust the diffraction grating such that the five ozone operational wavelengths fall onto the appropriate exit slits
4. it will be a file name of the form ICFJJJYY nnn MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 29 KIPP amp 3 7 30 ZONEN NC 10 11 Using a text editor again open the ICF file as found in step 5 Line item 24 following MKIII entry is the number of the COM port to be used for communications with the Brewer the number shown 1 or 2 must match the Computer COM port number which will be used in this installation and should be changed if it is not correct note that 1 and 2 are the only valid entries Go to the C Brewer directory and with the text editor open the file OP ST FIL and edit this file such that the Brewer number to be installed matches the first entry in the file Configure the AUTOEXEC BAT file for DOS or the Startup Menu for Windows based systems if it is desired to have the Brewer restart automatically following a power failure Test the Software and COM Port e connect the appropriate wires of the Communications Cable marked with tags to the RS422 RS232 Data Set e plug the output of the Data Set Power Adapter into the Data Set and then plug the Adapter into the AC Power Bar the AC Power indicator on the Data Set will illuminate e plug the Data Set into the appropriate COM port of the Computer using an adapter if necessary see step 6 above e launch the Brewer program by running the BREWER BAT file through Windows or by typing BREWER at a DOS prompt at this point activity wil
5. raw counts wavelength 0 9 43 darkcount S y These lines are repeated for a total of 7 sets of data per SL test This data is then averaged in the following summary 66 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 748 KIPP amp ZONEN SE APPENDIX BREWER DATA FILES Example Summary header Time 12 19 09 Time 4 08 Day 5 98 Year 1 1 O 6 104 612 mean zenith angle during measurement 8 6 temperature deg C si type of measurement O0 NDfiterposiion insteps mean single ratio 1 R1 MS 4 mean single ratio 3 R3 MS 6 21 NIN WIN 4 standard deviation of single ratio 4 24 8 _ standard deviation of double ratio 2 10 11 1 1 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 1 22 23 Direct Sun Data Example 1 2 a 5 O lower slit mask position 1 dark 6 6 upper slit mask position 6 slit5 8 625382__ rawcountswavelength 0_ 9 11 jdakcont 1 0 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 67 KIPP amp ZONEN 68 These lines are repeated for 5 DS measurements which are then averaged Example Name ds type of measurement 15578 8312 15578 8312 14 5 single ratio 4 MS 7 15 double ratio 2 MS 9 7 10 11 12 13 st d dev Single ratio 3 26 6 jO stdde Zenith Sky Data Exampe
6. 1 Check that the Tracker is pointing toward the Sun toward the Moon or perpendicular to the sun depending on the measurement in progress 2 Check that the Tracker Power Lamp is illuminated and that the Tracker cables are not tangled or pulled tight Check that the Brewer Power lamp is on Use a soft cloth and mild glass cleaner to clean the UV Dome and the Front Window If the Brewer has a humidity indicator under the viewing window check its status oa 20 If any of the above are abnormal then make corrections and make a note in the Brewer Log Book MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 49 74 KIPP amp ZONEN Inside Checks Interrogate the Computer Screen and confirm that it is normal B w N e 9 14 15 10 11 12 13 16 17 Example Description Available 1234567890 the amount of free space on the Brewer Data drive Memory Next Command LN Current Command Julian Day Operating Mode Skd1 159 E Moisture Index CUT Header Clock Source Time CUT Software Version Zenith Angle Communication Activity Absolute Humidity 0 0 g m3 indicates the next command to be executed Indicates the current Schedule being executed Indicates the current Routine being executed menu is displayed if a schedule is not running the GMT date which will change at 00 00 00 GMT adjust using the DA command
7. N marking on the lower Tracker flange is pointing to Geographic North then the Observation Window of the Brewer will be pointing toward the Sun assuming Date Time and site Co ordinates are correct It is not of major concern if the Brewer is not pointing accurately at this time as some other parameters may still need adjustment Note the newly entered GMT Date and Time are shown on the Computer display 3 8 MAIN MENU COMPUTER DISPLAY BREWER GWBASIC D xj w s Ex eS Al mar 29 04 day 089 o3 9182 Delft C U T I 11 00 57 3 75e menu 1234567890 Bytes 2 7 g m3 in out 49 36 mu 1 529 Tracking Sun za 49 36 cm gt dtrshgsl Enter a desired command or select a sub menu from the following list command main menu data management menu observations menu tm test menu hk housekeeping menu up update menu sm summaries printout menu sp special operations menu operational setup menu extended menu Figure 3 5 Typical Brewer Main Menu Screen 3 9 INITIAL TESTS A few functional tests should be done prior to the Brewer being moved to the final location It is assumed that all setup to this point has been successful A brief description of each Command is given in the Section 4 of this Manual and should be read before proceeding NOTE that if only one command is issued it may have to be followed by an Enter from the keyboard Issue each of the followin
8. Nylon screws prevent the mirrors from moving beyond this limit Diffraction Gratings The diffraction gratings GR 1 amp GR 2 are 3600 line mm holographic plane reflectance types operated in the first order The gratings have optimum efficiency over the range 225 to 450 nm in the first order The gratings are secured with high quality adhesive to three small blocks which provide kinematic mounts as well as fine adjustment for rotation of the gratings about the two axes perpendicular to the grating grooves The three blocks are thus part of the grating and are the basis of point slot and plane mounts which allows adjustment by three screws fixed in the grating mount plates These plates are suspended on a set of cross springs which constrain the gratings to rotate in the vertical axis the axis parallel to the grating grooves The cross spring suspension acts as a frictionless bearing Rotation of the gratings is controlled by two micrometers acting at the end of lever arms such that a 0 03 mm adjustment of the micrometers represents approximately a 0 1 nm wavelength change at the exit slit plane Micrometers Metric micrometer heads clamped to the spectrometer frame are used to adjust the grating rotation for each half of the spectrometer Micrometer 1 adjusts the grating in the dispersing half top and Micrometer 2 adjusts the grating in the recombining half bottom The micrometer shafts are ground to 60 degree cones which insert int
9. RE initialises all of the Brewer motors similar to the Power On initialization and moves them to positions as defined in the Instruments Constants File Following RE the iris is closed FW 1 is in position 1 and FW 2 is in position 3 Report REP displays or prints the SLOAVG HGOAVG APOAVG DTOAVG MIOAVG and RSOAVG over a user selected range of days Slit Mask Run Stop Test A malfunction in the slit mask motor circuit or in the slit mask itself can result in improper counting and consequently incorrect data The RS test produces a report on the operation of the Slit Mask Motor by taking measurements in the Running and Stopped modes of the Slit Mask Motor The RS command is normally executed as part of the ED routine and the test results are recorded in the RSOAVG file For the RS test FW 1 is set to position 1 FW 2 is set to position 0 and the iris is open RS values consistently outside the range of 0 997 to 1 003 for slitmask positions 2 to 6 should be investigated See Appendix F for an explanation of the RS test and Appendix A for the RSOAVG nnn file Solar Angle Printout SA will generate a printout of GMT vs air mass solar zenith angle and lunar zenith angle for the day and location currently in use Printouts for pasts and future dates are possible by simply changing the Brewer system date Direct Sun Scan This test is normally a factory pre calibration test the SC determines the optimal operating posi
10. SJJJYY nnn S or Summary files contain summary information from each test and measurement contained within the B file for the same day The data contained in the S file is essentially the same as the summary line of the B file SJJJYY nnn files start with a tc and the 5 temperature coefficients which were in the instruments constants file when the SUM command was issued The SUM command is normally performed as the first command in the ED end of day sequence Each item in a S file is separated with a carriage return and line feed the end of the summary file is marked with ef UV Files UVJJJYY nnn UV files contain data data from UV scans Including UV UX and UA Exame Name 0 2294 seconds per cycle j8 Saskatoon Location 9 52 108 eatitude Pressure mb and dark count header Time GMT in minutes for 1st A 19 Lines 15 to 18 repeated for each In UX scans lines 15 to 18 are repeated for wavelengths 286 5nm to 363 0nm in 0 5nm increments In UV measurements the scan is from 290 0nm to 325 0nm then back to 290 0nm in 0 5nm increments and the number of cycles is 4 and counts for 4 cycles are recorded in the UV file Umkehr Files UJJJYY nnn As part of the End of Day process the Umkehr data in the B file is transferred into a U file which contains both morning and evening data if it has been collected 70 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 748
11. The zenith prism rotates to the test lamps position 0 the iris is opened FW 1 is rotated to the quartz disk position 1 FW 2 to ND 0 position 0 Following the initial set up and lamp warm up the grating is scanned in the forward and reverse direction and the resulting combined spectrum is compared to a stored spectrum Corrections to the micrometer position are made and if the adjustment required is greater than 2 steps 012nm then the scan is repeated A test for the presence of Hg lamp radiation is made prior to the beginning of the scan and if it is not there an FR test is done to reposition the micrometers to pre set initialisation values and the test is redone See also Appendix F and Appendix A HGSUM Mercury Lamp Summary HP HV HGSUM reads the daily Data B file and prints out the summary results of the day s HG calibrations In addition an entry is made in the HGOAVG nnn file The HGSUM command is usually invoked as part of the ED command See also Appendix A for an explanation of the HGOAVG nnn file Grating Synchronisation It is important that the two micrometers remain synchronised such that they are both set to the same wavelength The HP test tests for this condition and makes an adjustment if necessary For this test the Standard lamp is used as a light source The Standard Lamp is turned on the prism is pointed to lamps the Iris is opened FW 1 is set to position 1 and FW 2 is set to position 0 Mic
12. Under normal uninterrupted operation the computer and Brewer dates will change at 00 00 00 UT and are displayed on the monitor screen Under some conditions power failure at 00 00 00 UT the date may not update and may have to be corrected manually The pointing system updates automatically when a new date is entered This command requires operator input Print Data Directory DD causes a file listing of the Brewer data directory to be sent to the printer The printer must have been turned on with the PN command Print Data Directory DDP causes a file listing of the Brewer program directory to be routed to the printer The printer must have been turned on with the PN command Print Data Directory to the screen DDS causes a file listing of the Brewer data directory to be routed to the monitor screen Disk Recording DI causes data to be recorded in the directory as specified the ST FIL found in the Brewer program directory Data recording may be turned off if the data disk is nearly full if the data disk specified is not installed or if the NR command has been sent If recording is turned off the screen will display DISK TURNED OFF on the screen in place of the BYTES message and must be turned on with DI See also the NR command Direct Sun Ozone Observation DS results in an observation being taken using the direct sun as a radiation source The Brewer Zenith Prism and Azimuth Tracker are oriented toward the
13. BO command MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP amp oe B2 CF Cl co CS CY CZ 4 BREWER COMMANDS Standard Lamp ON B2 turns on the internal Standard test Lamp and is useful in a command sequence i e B2ZSSL where the ZS measurement is taken while the Standard Lamp is warming up Note that if the SL does not execute for some reason the Lamp may be left on and should be turned off with the BO command Instrument Constants File Update CF accesses the Brewer s Instrument Constants File and allows the operator to make changes Note that the constants in this file affect the operation and calibration of the instrument and normally are not changed unless the instrument is undergoing recalibration or has undergone repairs This command requires operator input and changes should be made or approved only by qualified personnel See also Appendix B Lamp Scan on Slit 1 and Slit 5 Cl is used to perform a wavelength scan from 286 5 nm to 366 nm on one of the two internal test lamps Filter Wheels are set to positions 1 and 0 and the Iris is open The increment of the scan is user selectable with choices of 1 2 or 5 Angstrom Data can be compared with the data contained in the Final Test Record and is stored in the file CIJJJYY NNN in the BDATA directory A typical command sequence might be B1W1CI where B1 turns on the HG lamp W1 produces a 5 minute lamp warm up delay and Cl executes the wavelength scan See Appe
14. KIPP amp ZONEN ee TESE APPENDIX BREWER DATA FILES XLJJJYY nnn Extended Lamp Scan Example Name 1 Integration time is 0 2294 Integration time peroyae fe 15 distance between filament and teflon diffuser Bo l5 9 Jo Month o o Near Pressure milli bars and Dark Count Header dark count _ 18 1960 8 decimal minutes since 00 00 hours 19 2865 Wavelength Angstrom micrometer step number NCT T I py lines 18 21 repeat for wavelengths from 2865A 5A increments 3 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 71 748 KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE 1830 A D Values A D values are not stored in files except HV and 5v and SL current but they are very important in assessing the health of the Brewer so they are included here for reference A D Values for nov 15 98 at 17 03 05 for instrument number 159 Channel Name Value Value Lamps off Lamps on 0 PMT temp deg C 28 50 28 50 1 Fan temp deg C 27 83 27 83 2 Base temp deg C 28 21 28 21 3 H T voltage V 1487 05 1487 05 4 12V power supply V 11 91 11 91 5 5V power supply V 4 97 4 97 6 12V power supply V 11 99 11 99 7 24V power supply V 24 48 24 48 8 Rate meter V 0 00 0 00 9 Below Spectro temp C 27 07 27 07 10 Window area temp C 28 50 28 50 11 External temp deg C 27 55 27 55 12 5V ss V 5 00 5 00 13 5V ss V 4 91 4 91 14 Std la
15. LL commands in the Section 4 of this Manual If accurate information is not availabe to input at this time a best guess should be used so as not to delay testing Information required GMT Time accurate to within 20 seconds GMT Date Site Name Site Latitude in degrees to two decimal accuracy use for Northern Hemisphere Site Longitude in degrees to two decimal accuracy use for Western Hemisphere mean Barometric Pressure of the Site in mBar 7 TIME SET At the cm gt prompt type and press Enter The software wil prompt for the GMT time and for verification 8 DATE SET At the cm gt prompt type DA and press Enter The software will prompt for the date and for verification 9 LOCATION EDIT At the cm gt prompt type LF and press Enter e alist of some existing Brewer Locations will scroll on the screen e asanew entry enter the current Site information using other entries as a guide and follow screen prompts to save and exit the edited file MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 31 ZONEN SINCE 1830 Ki KIPP amp 10 SELECTING SITE At the cm gt prompt type LL and press Enter e alist of Site Names will appear e the number of the desired Site and press Enter twice e the Tracker position will update according to the information entered in step 9 and the new site name will appear on the Main Menu screen 11 CONFIRMATION If the Tripod Stand leg that is adjacent to the
16. Measurement Ave of Day s Comments about what the Brewer is currently doing Most recent successful measurements of a certain type ds O3 zs O3 and ds SO2 Average of all successful measurements of a certain type taken in the current day 430 7 easurements A typical screen is shown below ne Operating Brewer 9 Location Clock Day Mode Number 10 M Source 12 Time CUT 5 Date l mar 29 04 day 089 o3 182 Delft C H T I 11 00 47 3 75e skd1 zs 1234567890 Bytes 2 6 g m3 in out 49 31 14 Zenith Angle lias DR 15 Communication 3 Schedule Activity Taking ds measurement x 16 Absolute Humidity 2 Next Press HOME to stop Command 17 Current Activity 1 Available 18 Most Recent Memory Measurement DS 348 9 349 2 28 03 348 6 dedic eee coe EE DS 03 0 5 7 0 6 20 Current Summary DUV at 12 02 47 21 5 re SL R6 at 13 11 57 648 Last HG at 13 04 36 25 C Current temperature The lower part of the screen indicates in real time what tasks the Brewer is performing and there is a Status Box which shows some important status information including the latest DUV measurement the running average values the latest SL R6 value the latest HG measurement time and temperature the current temperature If the software has crashed then an error and a program line number will be d
17. Name 1 1 1 1 2 ja Filter 3 O NDfilerpos nin filter wheel motor steps 5 O lower slit mask position 6 6 Upper slit mask position 9 4 Sf darkcount 0 5 10 11 12 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE 1830 APPENDIXA BREWER DATA FILES These lines are repeated for a total of 7 measurements which are averaged Example Name 6 68477 zenithangle 8 5 Temperature deg C 9 zs typeofmeasurement 10 O NDfilerposiion 14 72 single ratio 4 MS 7 double ratio 2 MS 9 st d dev Single ratio 3 Umkehr Data Umkehr data taken alternately at 5 short wavelengths and 5 long wavelengths The short long wavelength measurement sequence is repeated for as long as the UM command is engaged The following data is from a measurement at short wavelengths Example 1 1 4 98 Year 6 521 Latitude 8 349 last temperature volts 9 pr jPressueheader 11 0 ND fiter position 14 6_ upperslitmask MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 69 74 KIPP amp ZONEN 625382 raw counts wavelength 0 97706 raw counts wavelength 1 294523 raw counts wavelength 2 20 759956 raw counts wavelength 3 1087648 raw counts wavelength 4 22 962462 raw counts wavelength 5 24 Single ratio 1 MS 4 Single ratio 2 MS 5 S Files
18. The F keys are configured to automatically write commonly used commands or sets of commands The F keys can be used at the Brewer command prompt The enter key must be pressed to start the command string F Key Command Sequence F1 DS F2 ZS F3 ZB F4 HG F5 SL F6 HGSL F7 DSZS2 F8 HGZC2 F9 HGSLDSZSDS F10 DTRSHGSL MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 35 8 KIPP r ZON NC EN 42 BREWER COMMAND SUMMARY 36 Following is the Command Set of the Brewer Spectrophotometer AP AS AU BO B1 Commands are entered at the command line cm gt Note that only two character commands are accepted in a multiple command string or in a schedule Commands may be entered as a series of single commands each followed by Enter or as a command string consisting of a series of commands and followed by Enter i e pdaphg Enter One or more ENTERs when they are prompted for is generally required for the execution of a single command whereas on the entry of multiple commands the subsequent Enters are automatically performed by the software File Name Conventions JJJ indicates a Julian Day YY indicates a year nnn indicates a Brewer Instrument Number Monitor Voltages Printout This command prints to the line printer the monitor screen or to disc a number of diagnostics that are continuously available in the Brewer The diagnostics include power supply volt
19. These raw counts are printed in the following format Brewer Temp 27 C 3 56 V C U T CY ZEN MU DRK 1 2 3 4 5 SLO 20 54 25 20 65 63 2 384 32 1102112 1052861 1066768 956627 820941 SLO 20 55 02 20 65 67 2 388 35 1101966 1054190 1067478 957870 821186 SLO 20 55 40 20 65 72 2 392 43 1102630 1053024 1067318 958662 821366 SLO 20 56 18 20 65 76 2 395 36 1101330 1054009 1068002 957890 821567 SLO 20 57 02 20 65 81 2 4 31 1101960 1053736 1068197 957257 820730 SLO 20 57 46 20 65 86 2 404 37 1102690 1052931 1067378 959002 821232 SLO 20 58 24 20 65 9 2 408 43 1102507 1053022 1067047 958135 822097 The SLO indicates that the Standard Lamp test was performed with Filter Wheel 2 in position 0 ie no neutral density attenuation CY is the number of slit mask oscillations over which the counts were accumulated ZEN and MU are the current solar zenith angle and airmass respectively these are irrelevant to the SL test and are presented for operator information only The next six columns are the photon count totals for the dark channel and the five operational channels When all seven measurement runs are complete the program corrects the raw photon counts for dark count deadtime and temperature dependence then prints a series of summary statistics 20 56 22 Feb 21 85 65 763 2 395 27CDEG SLO Meant mean5 MS 4 MS 5 MS 6 MS 7 MS 8 MS 9 1102170 821302 623 426 488 694 596 418 483 445 k3 5 5 4 k15 F9 The first line shows the time
20. This may be achieved by using the ED command The ED routine e summarises data into an S file see SUM e sorts and prints data from observations and tests see OZSUM FMSUM FZSUM HGSUM SLSUM UVSUM ZSSUM e prints constants and monitored values see PO AP e executes a series of tests see HG SL DT RS SR RE FR The first command in ED is a print command which directs the printout to the printer see PN or to a disk file see PD If the operator wishes to change the printing path either the ED PD RTN or ED PN RTN must be copied to ED RTN An operator may run ED at any time If the Brewer is running in a schedule see SKC the ED command is initiated automatically at solar midnight See also ED PD and ED PN ED PD End of Day print to disk ED PD and ED PN are the same as the ED command but the operator may easily select the method of printout In the Brewer program directory either the ED PD RTN or the ED PN RTN may be copied to the ED RTN resulting in the ED printout being directed to a disk file or to the line printer see PD and PN commands See also ED ED PN commands ED PN of Day print to printer See ED ED PD commands END DAY of Day past day FF Command Syntax END DAY Feb29 98 or END DAY 06098 END Day performs an End of Day on a previous day s data For the command syntax example if the raw data file BO6098 nnn exists a Summary file 806098 nnn will be created and summary file
21. in a window timing tick power applied for stopped motor float seconds Immediate PMT WINDOW RESOLUTION float seconds o 3 3 n MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 121 KIPP amp ZONEN PMT WINDOW TIME float seconds UMP a nsiamed inteder the length of time allowed for initialization of RESET TIME OUT i 9 on reset all motors This should be larger than the largest value of MOTOR TIME OUT RH ORIGIN float volt at 0 RH immediate Humidity sensor RH SLOPE Float volt immediate Humidity sensor calibration provided by SUPPLY CONVERSION float immediate Number of volts at the output of the supply to lt powerSupply gt read one volt via the A D SUPPLY DELTA float volts Permitted max nominal and nominal min lt powerSupply gt voltage in recording SUF EE NOMINAL float volts Center voltage in watermark recording lt powerSupply gt Permitted max nominal and nominal min TEMP DELTA lt thermalPoint gt float degrees on reset Seon excursion in watermark recording TEMP NOMINAL lt thermalPoint gt float degrees on onreset onreset Center temperature in watermark recording TEMP ORIGIN lt thermalPoint gt float degrees Immediate Lumber of degrees Celsius offset for 0 volts TEMP SLOPE lt thermalPoint gt Float degrees volt immediate number of degrees Celsius per volt at the A D linear thermistors are used here TRACKER DEBOUNCE TIME DEBOUNCE TIME Float seconds immediate t
22. level mount the Brewer and interconnect all of the cables between the Computer the Tracker and the Brewer In order for the Surge Suppressor circuitry to be effective the Brewer System must be connected to a good Earth Ground The Surge Suppressor is located in an assembly mounted to the underside of the Tracker and a wire braid connects it to a bolt on the Tracker Flange The Earth Ground must be attached to this bolt and routed under the Tracker such that it does not interfer with the Power Cable or the Communications Cable Since the Tracker follows the azimuth of the Sun for 24 hours each day it must rotate in a clockwise direction from 0 to 360 and then return to 0 in a counterclockwise direction Sufficient slack in Power and Data cables must be left near the Tracker to allow for this movement Turn Brewer and Tracker power ON and observe that the two Power Indicators illuminate and that the Brewer initializes Turn the Computer power ON and launch the Brewer program Following Brewer initialization the Main Menu will appear on the screen MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 749 KIPP gt ZONEN 4 4 1 4 BREWER COMMANDS BREWER COMMANDS RESERVED KEYS HOME DEL CTRL BREAK F KEYS HOME DEL This key can be pressed to terminate an observation or operation prematurely It should only be used if the message press HOME key to abort is displayed on the screen There may be a delay between the time when
23. of filter 5 25 JO ozone temperature coefficient for mercury exitslit 26931 NotUsed o 32 0 ozone micrometer 1 offset 3440 NotUsed 45 0 8 Computer buffer delay larger numbers for faster computers 46 jNeUsd 48 JO filterwheel 2 position MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 81 74 KIPP ZONEN OP_ST nnn Operating State File The operating state file controls many of the operating parameters of the Brewer The left column lists the actual value written in the OP_ST nnn file The middle column is the BASIC variable name used in the Brewer software to contain this value and the right column is a description of the value s meaning SW Explanation Variable ICFjjjyy instrument constants file 6 UVR response file 1 8 MO jCurentmoth 9 9 _ JCurentyear sd 13 0666 __ __ Average climatic station pressure millibars 16 0 Zenith horizon correction Cd 21 1 Q4 Filterwheel 1 drive motor Filterwheel 2 drive motor 25 1 Q8 UVB port 26 1 Q9 Filterwheel 3 drive motor 27 1 Q10 New or old temperature circuit Set to 1 fora new temperature circuit and 0 for an old circuit 28 1 Q11 Second film polarizer 29 0 Q12 jSetto 1 to enable NOBREW operation 32 o 015 jHumidtySenso 1 1 33 skc me
24. out lists the following measurement wavelength in nm lamp intensity in counts per second percent change from initial measurement in the QL_lamp file Subsequent Lamps 1 58 After the quick scan has finished the UV lamp power supply can be turned off and the VERY HOT lamp can be removed from the socket The lamp should be allowed to cool adequately prior to storing back in the case Repeat the test for each lamp to be scanned CAUTION These lamps have a limited life expectancy Do not leave the lamps on for an extended period MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL KIPP S EM 5 NCE 6 UV STABILITY CHECK QL General Instructions 1 Three lamps should be scanned bi weekly If all three lamps give approximately the same results then the test is complete If one lamp gives results that are different from the other two then a fourth lamp should be chosen and the scan run yet another time The lamp giving the odd reading should be noted and not used again 2 Once every two months all five lamps should be scanned to make sure they all give the same results so availability of spares is assured 3 Inthe event that the difference for all lamps is much greater than 5 it may be necessary to perform other scans which will be used to create new response files for the instrument See Appendix C 4 Perform the TU test prior to changing the response file to make sure that the Zenith Prism is properly aligned See s
25. range of airmass values 1 0 mu lt 3 0 for at least one full day of good observing conditions The O3 and SO values MS 11 and MS 10 are determined from the measurements made with the reference instrument These values together with the values of MS 8 MS 9 and M2 valid for the instrument being calibrated are substituted into the above two equations which are rewritten as follows MS 9 lt B1 M2 MS 11 MS 8 lt B2 A3 M2 2 MS 10 2 MS 11 Two least squares linear regression fits are applied to these equations and the resulting two pairs of regression coefficients B1 A1 B2 A3 are the four instrument dependent coefficients As for all previous tests consult EC or KIPP amp ZONEN prior to altering any of the constants in the instrument Constants File AZ ZERO THE AZIMUTH TRACKER The AZ command re orients the Azimuth Tracker to its zero step position This routine is activated automatically following a system reset RE command The operator should use this command if there is concern that the azimuth drive has lost track of where it is for such reasons as temporary power loss to the Tracker or other physical disturbance Note that the AZ routine can only be accessed if the instrument configuration IC is setup to include an Azimuth Tracker System 106 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP EM APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS Method Type AZ The following screen display appears while the program
26. scientific community The instrument and its accompanying accessories are manufactured and marketed under license by KIPP amp ZONEN Delft The Netherlands As of 1998 more than 80 Brewer instruments have been incorporated into the World Ozone Network and measurements are currently being taken at research establishments in more than thirty different countries The Brewer Spectrophotometer is the core component of a complete Brewer System which is comprised of the following Brewer Spectrophotometer Solar Tracking System IBM PC or compatible Computer operating Brewer Software MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 7 KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE 1830 All of the above equipment is available from KIPP amp ZONEN The Brewer Spectrophotometer is supplied with a complete set of programs which control all aspects of data collection and some analysis The Computer is programmed to interact with an operator to control the Brewer in either a manual or fully automated mode of operation In both the manual and semi automated modes the operator initiates a specific observation or instrument test by typing a simple command on the Computer keyboard Raw data is automatically recorded on the Computer data drive and real time Ozone and UV results can be printed In the fully automated mode a Schedule in the Computer controls all operations The Brewer is automatically set to the proper observation configuration then follows a user defined observation schedu
27. standard atmospheric pressure millibars M3 is the airmass also referred to as the path lengthening factor for a layer of height 5 km above the earth M3 is recalculated prior to each solar observation lt sec arcsin k sin A where A is solar zenith angle k R R Z R is radius of earth 6370 km Z is layer height 5 km MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL Ta KIPP amp ZONEN SINDGE TOS APPENDIX G PRELIMINARY DATA REDUCTION These airmass calculations are imbedded within the equation of time computations A second path lengthening factor M2 is also calculated This airmass corresponds to a layer height of 22 km COMPUTING SINGLE AND DOUBLE RATIOS At this point the count rates Fi have been corrected and compensated for deadtime temperature and if applicable Rayleigh scattering Four sets of single ratios are formed recall that these count rates are in logarithm units hence a ratio is formed by computing the difference MS F 6 includes effects of and SO MS F F MS F F affected predominantly by MS F F Only the shortest of the five observation wavelengths 306 3 nm count rate F 2 is significantly affected by SO column amounts so ratios MS 5 MS 6 MS 7 will be largely independent of SO effects Two higher order ratios are formed MS lt MS 3 2 MS MS lt MS 0 5 MS 1 7 MS Both of these functions have weightings which remove the effects of abs
28. steps the azimuth drive towards its internal optically sensed reference flange Zeroing azimuth press Del to abort The operator can abort the operation by pressing the DEL delete key the program will return to the previously displayed menu When the program has located the reference flange it compares the predicted and actual flange positions then displays the step discrepancy on the screen for about 5 seconds discrepancy n AZIMUTH ZEROED AT HH MM SS DISCREPANCY N N will usually be a small integer lying in the range 10 lt n lt 10 The Tracker stepper motor gearing is approximately 15000 steps per revolution so a discrepancy of 10 steps corresponds to a positional error of 0 2 N will be much larger if the Brewer has recently been reset or if the Tracker has been physically perturbed eg power interruption The Azimuth Tracker then returns to the solar azimuth and the previously active menu is displayed SR AZIMUTH TRACKER STEPS PER REVOLUTION CALIBRATION The SR test determines the number of steps required for the azimuth drive motor to turn the Brewer through 360 in azimuth This test establishes the steps per revolution constant which is used by the Brewer program to orient the Brewer in azimuth to within 1 minute of arc An opto sensor located inside the Azimuth Tracker detects a reference flange on the stationary drive wheel The azimuth drive motor is zeroed on this reference then stepped forward until t
29. such that one leg points approximately toward geographic North 6 Use the Tripod tie down kit to secure the tripod against movement due to accidental bumping or high winds See Figure 3 6 TIE DOWN ROD FITS IN GROOVES PROVIDED S HOOK IN WALL OF STAND BASE TURNBUCKLE LEVELLING ADJUSTOR S HOOK RECOMMENDED MOUNTING SURFACE 2M 78 SQ MIN x 100mm 4 THK CONCR TE PAD CUSTOMER SUPPLIED EYEBOLT Figure 3 6 Securing the Tripod MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 33 KIPP amp ZON 34 NC 10 11 12 13 14 15 Mount the Tracker onto the Tripod orienting it such that the N marking on the lower Tracker flange is pointing approximately toward geographic North Remove Covers from the Tracker and locate the Safety Switch monitor the Switch during the following operation so it does not become activated and the nylon cord does not become broken Place a spirit level on top of the Tracker and do not move it for the duration of the following levelling operation Rotate the Tracker slowly while observing the spirit level being careful not to activate the Safety Switch or break the nylon cord Adjust the three levelling bolts on the Tripod Legs until the Tracker can be rotated a full turn with the bubble in the level remaining constant Note that the bubble does not have to be in the mid position so long as it does not change position by any large amount When the Tracker is
30. sun See also Appendix A and the UX command UV Summary for Schedules Raw UV scan data is stored in a UVJJJYY nnn data file The UB scan instructs the program to process and print the daily summary for UV measurements taken throughout the day Damaging Ultra Violet values are calculated for each scan and written to a DUVJJJYY nnn See also Appendix A Fast UVB scan UF results in a UV scan being done in the ascending wavelength direction only The zenith prism is rotated to the UV dome FWZ2 is set to the 1 position FW 1 is set to the 3 position the iris is opened and the tracker is pointed to the sun The UV spectrum is scanned in steps of 0 5nm with and integration of 4 shutter cycles for wavelengths less than 300nm and an integration of 1 shutter cycle for wavelengths grater than 300nm All data is normalised to a 1 cycle observation and recorded in a UFJJJYY nnn data file When scanning is complete a calculation of the UVB UVA McKinley Diffey weighted irradiance is computed and sent to the printer and written to the DUVJJJYY nnn data file See also Appendix A MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP amp oe UL UV 4 BREWER COMMANDS UV Lamp Scan UL is a test command that results in a UV scan being performed with a Lamp rather than the sky being the source of radiation The zenith prism is rotated to the UV dome FW 2 is set to the 1 position FW 1 is set to the 3 position the iris is opened and the tracker is ro
31. sun the lris is closed FW 1 is rotated to the Ground Quartz Disk position 1 and FW 2 is adjusted for maximum intensity starting from position 2 without overdriving the PMT detector Data is recorded on disk and is printed as previously determined by PN PD and PF commands A DS observation consists of five sets of 20 cycles of the slit mask a measurement each cycle taking a reading for 2 0 14 seconds on each wavelength Intensity data for six wavelengths and the dark count is recorded for each of the five measurements The Azimuth and Zenith positions are updated after each measurement After each measurement O are calculated After the fifth measurement all data is processed resulting in a single summary set for the total observation As a safety feature to prevent damage to the detector the measurement may terminate if as a result of varying cloud conditions FW 2 has initially been set to a low attenuation value and clouds suddenly move out of the field of view A DS measurement takes slightly more than three minutes to complete Details of the data as recorded in the raw data B file and the summary data as recorded in the summary S file can be found in Appendix A Dispersion Test DSP allows for the collection of data for a dispersion test analysis wherein absorption coefficients wavelength vs step number and resolution vs step number equations for each slit is determined This is a command generally reserved for fact
32. the Brewer number BDATA directory these files contain data collected during the testing of the instrument BDATA NNN these files contain firmware and software configuration information specific to the Brewer whose Number NNN appears on the Disk identifier as well as the utility used to load firmware 3 6 COMPUTER SETUP This instruction assumes that KIPP amp ZONEN has NOT supplied the Computer equipment If KIPP amp ZONEN has supplied the Computer then many of the following steps will have already been completed and need only be confirmed at this time 1 Setup and interconnect the Computer as per the Manufacturer s instructions and confirm that the Brewer and Computer communicate by simply start the Brewer software and wait for the main menu to appear Plug the Computer power cord into an AC Power Bar that has at least two additional outlets as they will be required in a later step 2 Make copies of the CD ROM that came with the Brewer and use the copies in the following steps 3 Inspect the contents of the CD ROM and copy the contents into directories of the same names on the C drive of the Control Computer 4 Using the supplied AUTOEXEC BA as a guide and use a text editor to add pathing to the AUTOEXEC BAT file on the computer to include at least C C DOS C BREWER C BDATA 5 Use a text editor to display the OP_ST NNN file in the C BDATA NNN NNN is the Brewer Number Note the third entry in the file
33. the FMOAVG nnn file The FMSUM command is usually invoked as part of the ED command Micrometer Reset FR performs a reset of the wavelength adjust micrometers The micrometers are moved to reference points and then moved to the operating points as dictated by offset values contained in the instruments constants file The FR command is invoked as part of the RE command or the operator may manually send the FR command if the positions of the micrometers are suspect The FR command may be used to determine new micrometer offset values but these values should only be changed under the supervision of qualified personnel FR results are recorded in the average file MIOAVG nnn See also Appendix A Focused Sun Observation As the sun drops lower in the sky the high Mu values result in an increasing amount of scattered radiation in the field of view of a DS observation The FZ command allows ozone to be determined at solar angles greater than which can be achieved with a traditional DS Scattered radiation is measured by offsetting the solar image by 1 degree from the entrance slit and observing radiation in the vicinity of the solar disk This scattered radiation is then subtracted from the direct sun result to give a more accurate measure of the direct radiation before the Ozone determination is made This method will give reasonably accurate values to ZA of 85 Air Mass 8 2 as compared to the DS which has cut off angles of 70 to 80
34. the DEL key is pressed and the Main Menu appears as some aborted activities take longer to terminate This key is not normally used for routine work It can be used in special situations to bypass the five minute warm up period of the mercury or standard lamps or to terminate some operations such as the zeroing of the Azimuth Tracker if no tracker is present There may be a delay between the time when the DEL key is presses and the Main Menu appears as some activity takes longer to abort Ctrl Break This combination temporarily halts the Brewer Program so that the GW BASIC operating system may be accessed After the CTRL Break keys have been pressed Break in OK will be seen there will be full access not only to all GW BASIC commands but also to the Brewer Program itself There are a number of ways to restart the Brewer program following a CTRL Break instruct the program to continue by typing CONTINUE e type SYSTEM to abort completely from GWBASIC and re initiate the Brewer operation by one of the traditional methods The menu displays the MU air mass and ZA solar zenith angle which will be continuously updated during the course of the day as well as the GMT date instrument number location and data bytes available Pressing the Return key without a command entry causes the Main Menu to reappear To issue a command the appropriate character code is typed followed by the Enter key F Keys
35. the OFF position to the DC VOLTS position Release the button after two or three seconds The meter will display three decimal places If the yellow button is not depressed while turning on the Voltmeter it displays two decimal places Allow the lamp to warm up for about 10 minutes Periodically adjust the voltage to maintain a stable level of 12 000 0 003 volts NOTE The external tungsten halogen lamp should be operated at a constant ambient temperature For this reason it is recommended to perform the stability check on a dry day when the winds are calm Computer Set up 1 2 Press Home to interrupt the Brewer schedule and return control to the Main Menu screen Issue the hphg commands The HP will execute and after a 5 minute lamp warm up the HG will perform a wavelength calibration Type the command sequence pdqlhphg and press Enter pdturns on the printer qlinitiates a Quick Lamp Scan of the UV lamp hp aligns the gratings hg does a mercury line wavelength calibration When prompted to do so enter the following the 3 digit lamp number press Return when prompted to confirm detector distance is 5 cm ifthe voltmeter is stable at 12 000 volts press delete to bypass lamp warm up delay The software will then initiate the four commands in sequence and print the results on the screen and o the D file Note the pf command must be used to close this file properly The quick lamp scan print
36. the time of the first UV scan and stops at the time of the last UV scan On a clear day without variable clouds or other aerosols the energy curve assumes a normal distribution Using AB_UVDAT EXE Input 1 Arange of consecutive UVJJJYY nnn files 2 the appropriate UV response file Output 1 One UVOAVG nnn file which tabelates the average values from the other output files 2 OneUVBJJJYY nnn file for each input file 3 DUVJJJYY nnn file for each input file Create a test directory Copy AB UVDAT EXE to the test directory Copy the UV response file into the test directory Copy the UV files to be processed into the test directory Run AB UVDAT follow the directions given OU RONA UV and UX Data Analysis Programs RD UX EXE is used to reduce the UV data produced by the UA UC UF UV and UX routines The input file is in units of raw counts per second and outputs may be chosen units of in W m nm or in mW m nm Instructions Create a test directory and copy RD UX from the uv lamps directory to the test directory Copy the UL or XL file s that you wish to process to the test directory Create a nnn directory in your test directory nnn is your Brewer number Copy the appropriate UV response file into the nnn directory Run the RD UX program and follow the directions given A list of all scans is displayed and the user is asked to select the scans to be used The user will then be asked whether or not to corre
37. used separately to weight the UV scans AB UVDAT requires access to the appropriate instrument response file The integration technique used in UV RTN UVSUM RTN and AB UVDAT is one of histogram summation with the following properties The raw counts in the UV file are converted throughout to counts per second and corrected for instrument dead time The average of the counts recorded at wavelengths lt 292nm represent a dark count noise value and is subtracted from all other wavelengths The corrected raw counts are then divided by the instrument response values and multiplied by the appropriate weighting value at each wavelength Scan integration is then the sum of the histograms each 0 5 nm wide and as high as the corrected weighted irradiance For the UVSUM RTN daily irradiance integration is the sum of histograms that are as wide as the time between consecutive scans and as high as the average of the irradiance of two consecutive scans 86 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL Ta KIPP amp ZONEN ee Ae APPENDIX C UV PROCESSING For AB_UVDAT daily irradiance integration is the sum of histograms that are as wide as the average of the difference of the time for the following and the previous scan and as high as the irradiance for that particular scan For the most representative daily integral values it is recommended that UV scans be taken throughout the daylight hours at regular zenith angle intervals Histogram summation starts at
38. when sky conditions are known and it is desirable to keep the observations separated ZB is usually used in clear sky conditions Zenith Blue ZC is used under cloudy conditions Zenith Cloud and ZS is used when conditions are unknown as is a schedule The zenith prism is pointed to a Zenith Angle of 0 the iris is opened FW 1 is set to position 0 FWZ2 is set to position 2 and the azimuth tracker is pointed toward the sun FW 2 is adjusted according to sky intensity Data is recorded on disk and is printed as previously determined by PN PD and PF commands A ZS observation consists of seven sets of 20 cycles of the slit mask a measurement each cycle taking a reading for 2 0 14 seconds on each wavelength Intensity data for six wavelengths and the dark count from the seven measurements is recorded The Azimuth and Zenith positions are updated after each measurement After each measurement O is calculated after the seventh measurement all data is processed resulting in a single summary set for the total observation As a safety feature to prevent damage to the detector the measurement may terminates if as a result of varying cloud conditions FW 2 has initially been set to a low attenuation value and clouds suddenly move out of the field of view ZP initiates a variation of the ZS command in which the Azimuth Tracker is rotated to an angle perpendicular to the sun A ZS measurement takes slightly more than five minutes to comple
39. which can be processed to produce an Ozone vs Height profile Data is normally collected between solar zenith angles of 60 and 90 in the morning and in the afternoon The zenith prism is pointed to a solar zenith angle of 0 FW 1 is set to the 0 position FW 2 is set to the O position the iris is opened and the Tracker is rotated CCW until it is perpendicular to the sun Intensity measurements are made at two sets of wavelengths long 320 330nm and short 310 320nm and continue until they are interrupted by the operator or by the next zenith angle in a schedule Raw data is put into the BJJJYY nnn file and is processed to a UJJJYY nnn file by the SUM command See also Appendix A and Appendix E Related Commands There are a number of Brewer commands that are related to measurements taken through the Ultra Violet UV Dome and they are grouped together here for convenience There are typically two UV scan lengths short UVB scans which cover the range from 290nm to 325nm and extended UV scans which cover the range 286 5nm to 363nm Timed UX scan UA performs an Extended UV scan in 0 5nm increments and stores the data to a UVJJJYY nnn file This is a timed routine in that it starts on the next half hour after the command is given On execution of the command the prism is rotated to the UV dome FW 2 is moved to the 1 position FW 1 is moved to the 3 position the iris is opened and the tracker is pointed at the
40. 60 The approximate number of characters per second Baud rate set to 10 lt cps gt lt echo gt Boolean on to suppress character echoing Examples V 120 The prompt gt after this command will be sent at 1200 baud V 960 1 18 120 The prompt gt after this command will be sent at 9600 baud and character echoing will be suppressed CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS A variety of configuration parameters define the operation of the Brewer Commands exist to set and read each of these They share a common syntax so the complete set are listed in the table below Syntax lt gt lt name gt lt index gt to read the configuration variable I name value or lt name gt lt index gt lt value gt to write the configuration variable Response The names Parameters Parameter response Format meaning Identifier starting address within the space index Identifier or number which element of a vector of such values value Depends on name depends on lt name gt MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 748 KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE 1830 APPENDIX COMPUTER BREWER INTERFACE TELETYPE The lt name gt s format of value Effective meaning of value next wam start This is the Brewer ID used to manage integer value 0 65536 multidrop protocol Copied to NVRAM on initialization number of seconds before the PMT window Float seconds Immediate closes when we start t
41. ATOR S MANUAL 115 KIPP amp ZON SINCG 116 6 LOGFINISH T Resets the log to act as though the newest entry in the log has already been reported Syntax LOGFINISH Example see LOGENTRY LOGSTART Resets the log iterator to the oldest entry in the log Syntax LOGSTART Example see LOGENTRY 8 Move the specified motor to the specified position If the motor hits a limit sensor during its movement then the motor is reset to its initial position and the requested motor position is again moved to This command requires configuration variables See the 10 31 7 for examples Syntax M lt m gt lt s gt Parameters The lt m gt identifies the motor to move See the section on the command for possible values The lt s gt defines the motion required If lt s gt is positive the motor moves to the given position If s is negative the motor moves lt s gt steps backward and resets the zero position of the motor to be this new position Example M 4 256 Moves the translucent ground quartz diffuser on filterwheel 1 into the optical path 9 O Transmit to the controller all photon count data accumulated by the most recent R command then zero the photon count accumulators This command requires configuration variables Syntax Response lt c0 gt lt c1 gt lt c2 gt lt cn gt Each count number returned is in the form of a decimal value using ASCII characters Each numbe
42. An attempt was made to initialize a motor but the motion which should have removed the blocker from a reference sensor did not do so Motor number became lost during M command Motor has been reset to its reference position Warning that a motor encountered an end of travel limit This indicates that for some time prior to this message the motor was not in position Motor number configured as nonexisting cannot be moved reset An attempt was made to move a motor which has been configured to a MOTOR CLASS of NOMOTOR Motor lt number gt IIC communications error Error communicating with the controller for the given motor If this error persists it indicates a failure in the instrument electronics Motor lt number gt Motor busy Please notify KIPP amp ZONEN lt info holland kippzonen com gt of the circumstances in which this message was generated 128 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL KIPP amp ZONEN BUE Ke APPENDIX FIRMWARE LOG Motor number Motor lost The motor controller and the instrument controller are out of step This error will be corrected next time the moter is moved If this error persists for the given motor please notify KIPP amp ZONEN lt info holland kippzonen com gt of the circumstances in which this message was generated Motor number Move attempted outside of logical bounds An attempt was made to move the given motor out of bounds If this error persists please notify KIPP amp ZONEN l
43. Appendix A for the average file Time Set TI allows the operator to set the internal clock of the Brewer provided the clock option is turned on in the instrument configuration File Brewer time is GMT or CUT and is entered as a six digit string Rhhmmss If the internal clock has been turned off in software there will be an E external displayed on the computer screen and the operator will be given the opportunity to turn the internal clock back on An I is displayed on the screen if the system is using the Brewer s internal clock TeleType Communications TT sets the Brewer program to its teletype mode whereby the operator may communicate directly with the Brewer via the computer keyboard and a set of low level commands Exit from teletype mode with the home key Ctrl x will allow you to retype a line See Appendix H for more explanation on the TeleType feature MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 45 KIPP amp ZON 46 NC TU UM UV UA UB UF EN Test UV Port Alignment TU uses an external quartz halogen lamp mounted over the UV dome to find the zenith motor step position for which the radiation intensity is a maximum through slit 1 of the spectrometer slit mask This is an alignment test and should be performed if alignment of the UV optics is suspect The results of the factory tests are found in the Final Test Record and are nominally 2112 4 steps Umkehr Observations UM results in data being collected
44. DIX A BREWER DATA FILES H20AVG nnn Humidity Log File The file is updated during the AP command at the End of Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 29098 23 939 21 186 24 793 3 60 19 4 29198 25 648 25 458 25 078 2 68 11 3 1 Julian day jjjyy 2 Temperature at the PMT C 3 Fan Temperature in C used in the absolute humidity calculation 4 Temp of base plate C 5 Moisture measured in grams of water per cubic meter of air 6 Relative Humidity 96 HGOAVGnnn Boma 08391 2592 08491 2330 08591 2483 Julian Day jjjyy maximum lamp intensity of the days scans high Brewer temperature of the days scans number of scans MIOAVG nnn Micrometer Log A new entry is generated each time the FR routine is run NOaORWN gt 33898 28 33998 03 27 34098 03 26 Julian day followed by to indicate this is an ozone operation Temperature at time of test wavelength offset step number Micrometer 1 steps from operating position to zero sensor Micrometer 1 offset constant from the ICF file Micrometer 2 steps from operating position to zero sensor Micrometer 2 offset constant from the ICF file MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 75 KIPP ZONEN OPAVG nnn Operating Constants Log Used to keep a record of changes to the operating constants used in the Brewer Updated during the ED or when the CF or IC routine is used The first column of the file is the routine that generated the entry in th
45. E APPENDIX H COMPUTER BREWERINTERFACE TELETYPE The TT command gives an operator direct control of various Brewer functions by allowing low level commands to be sent directly from the Computer keyboard With this feature most useful as a troubleshooting tool all motors can be moved lamps turned on and data sampled This command is useful only when the Brewer and Computer are communicating and is sent from the Main Menu with the command TT A copy of all transactions can be preserved if the print to disk has previously been turned on with the PD command and a printout is requested after launching TelyType command Command Level A command string consists of zero or more commands separated by semicolons optionally followed by the A command and sent with Enter Examples of TT commands B 2 turn on the Quartz Halogen Lamp M 1 0 move the Zenith Prism to the 0 Lamps position R 0 7 10 0 A run the shutter from position to 7 a total of 10 times output the resulting counts and repeat until interrupted by HOME When executing a command string the Brewer executes each command set in turn Commands within a command set are executed concurrently The command set is assumed to have ended when the first command in the set has ended even if other commands in the set are still executing Any commands which generate output transmit that output in accordance to the rules of the low level protocol in effect Command str
46. INTENANCE Zenith Drive The middle gear on the zenith drive has a hole to allow a small drop of low temperature rated light oil to be applied approximately once a year The Zenith drive gears can be cleaned with a lint free cloth at the same time Cover Latches In very moist climates the internal mechanism of the cover latches can become rusted and become very difficult to turn Applying a few drops of light oil periodically will help to prevent this annoyance Levelling Feet In very moist climates the adjusting mechanism on the Tripod legs can become rusted making them impossible to turn Applying some grease to the exposed parts periodically will help to prevent this problem Micrometers There may be occasions when one or both micrometers will have to be reset by hand and the normal settings are recorded on the Spectrometer Cover This problem may occur if the constants for Micrometer Offsets or the Micrometer Steps Degree are not correct or if the mechanism becomes sticky The constants should normally not be changed without further investigation but the mechanism may be cleaned with a lint free cloth The micrometers should normally not require lubrication and the only lubricant KIPP amp ZONEN uses in the Spectrometer is High Temperature Miller Stephenson KRYTOX GPL 200 Grease Standard Lamp and Mercury Lamp The two internal test lamps Standard Lamp and Mercury Lamp have an estimated lifetime of about two years
47. ITCH amp STEEL CAE LED SENSORS AND BLOCKER SURGE FUSE HOLDER SUPPRESSOR BOX INSTALL 3 3 8 BOLTS NORTH N ACCESSORY AC POWER POSITION GROUND STRAP A PART OF TRACKER ASSY mA NS _ AC POWER IN Sus 4 2 TO EARTH GROUND SUPPLIED BY CUSTOMER B ee FOR STAND LEGS ce DATA CABLE TO COMPUTER FOR STAND LEGS Figure 3 3 Brewer Spectrophotometer Tracker Tripod 24 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 748 KIPP amp ZONEN athe TEAG 3 BREWER SYSTEM SETUP 3 1 SPECTROPHOTOMETER UNPACKING AND SETUP 1 Open the Brewer crate and inspect the contents at least the following items will be found Brewer Spectrophotometer AC Power Cable BA W12 Data Communications Cable BA W68 RS422 RS232 Data Set and AC Power Converter Manuals Operator s Service Final Test Record Basic Spares Kit BA C112 Brewer System Diskettes three diskettes Remove the Brewer Cover by unlatching the four latches and lifting the cover off the Base Remove the protective foam on top of the optical assembly and from under the black sprectrometer cover Inspect the Brewer for loose or broken parts or disconnected cables It is recommended to keep the foam for if the instrument is ever to be shipped again 4 Connect the AC Power Cable to the appropriate connector as per the markings on the Brewer Cover plug the other end into a source of AC power and press the Power Switch 5 Observe that the green Power Lamp illuminates and that
48. KIII OPERATOR S MANUAL KIPP amp ZONEN poe Te 3 BREWER SYSTEM SETUP 5 Turn Computer equipment power ON and launch the Brewer program e the Brewer screen will appear and a number of files will be merged e the FR routine will load and the Micrometers will RESET e the Data Set will indicate communications are occuring by periodic flashes of the TX and RD lights e following initialization the Date and Time and Brewer Site information will be read and the Tracker will move to a calculated Solar Azimuth note that this azimuth will be incorrect if the Date Time or Site Co Ordinates are incorrect e when the Initialization and reset have completed the MAIN MENU will appear on the Computer screen indicating that the Brewer is ready to accept commands 6 Testthe Printer only if used At the Command Prompt cm of the Brewer Menu Screen type PNTE and press Enter to issue the commands These commands will turn the Printer on PN and will cause the temperature TE of one of the Thermistors in the Brewer to be printed moisture will also be printed if the Brewer is fitted with the Moisture option At this point the Brewer Main Menu will appear on the Computer Screen and the Software will be ready to accept Commands as seen by the blinking cursor to the right of the prompt cm gt See Figure 3 5 This is a good time to set the Date the Time and to enter Site Information Read about the DA TI LF and
49. L IRX Lamp Irradiance File Lamp Irradiance files generated at the factory tabulate the UV irradiance of the UV test lamps First row lamp identification number Second row distance between lamp filament and teflon diffuser Now the file splits into 2 columns First column wavelength in Angstroms from 2865A to 3630A in 0 5nm Increments Second column irradiance in milli watts per square metre PUX PUF PUV PUA Processed UV files First row decimal hours from 00 00 GMT Header for each scan includes date starting time hour ending time hour zenith angle latitude longitude location name instrument and measurement type Row 2 column 1 GMT time in minutes column 2 Wavelength Angstroms column 3 irradiance W m nm or mW m nm depending on selection during processing PXL Processed lamp files First row Lamp Number Row 2 distance in centimeters Column 1 Row 3 Wavelength Angstroms Row 4 irradiance mW m nm MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 79 ZONEN SINCE 1830 Ki KIPP amp 80 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 748 KIPP amp ZONEN ee TESE APPENDIX B CONFIGURATION FILES APPENDIX B CONFIGURATION FILES ICFJJJYY nnn Instrument Constants Exampe Name 0 QOzonetemperatuecoefficientforslt 1 6 JO Micrometer steps per degree O Z 10 1690 ETC on ozone ratio 11 215 ETC on SO ratio Umkehr offset 16 o Neutral density of filter O 21 25000 Neutral density
50. Main Electronics PCB and write the value down Turn off Brewer power and set jumper J2 back to pins 2 3 and restore power Monitor E16 and adjust R4 on the High Voltage Module until E16 is set to the voltage as OB WP recorded in step 3 98 Confirm the setting with AP command MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP ZONEN RS SLITMASK MOTOR RUN STOP TEST The RS test verifies that the slitmask motor slitmask motor is operating correctly In the normal or dynamic mode of operation the slitmask is cycled rapidly permitting individual measurements to be made at intervals of 131 milliseconds To ensure that the light intensities are being properly measured in this dynamic mode the RS test also measures intensities in a static mode Light passing through each slit is measured for a longer period of time during which the slitmask motor is stationary Type RS This test runs for approximately 10 minutes including a five minute warmup time for the standard lamp No further operator interaction is required Results will be printed in a format similar to the following Table F 3 Typical Slitmask Test Results p Bb a4 b b pF 1704288 1529450 1313677 234100 55 1704610 1531027 1313654 1 0017 0 9818 JO 0 9998 0 9990 1 0000 RATIOS RUN 0 0586 0 99 0 2808 RATIOS STOP 0 0564 0 1005 0 2872 The test is deemed successful if the ratio RUN STOP for the five operational wavelengths s
51. ONEN Table 2 5 Specifications for the Azimuth Tracker Payload capabilities Max static torque 14 9 Nm Max balanced weight 50 kg Operating temperature 40 to 40 C range Dimensions Chassis Enclosure 30 5 by 30 5 by 35 6 cm Height 91 4 cm with tripod 45 7 cm 18 inch without tripod Power requirements 120 V AC 60 Hz 0 5A 240 V AC 50 Hz 0 25 A 2 3 COMPUTER EQUIPMENT The Brewer Spectrophotometer is operated by GWBasic software This limits the amount of computer platforms suitable for operation Reliable PC platforms for Brewer operation are DOS based computers Windows 3 1 Windows 95 Windows XP and in a number of cases also with Windows 98 It is important for the computer to have at least one RS 232 serial communication port MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 21 ZONEN SINCE 1830 Ki KIPP amp 22 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 749 KIPP gt ZONEN 3 3 BREWER SYSTEM SETUP BREWER SYSTEM SETUP Prior to accepting a shipment from the carrier the containers should be inspected for damage If any dents or major scratches cuts etc are evident a damage claim should be filed with the carrier Only after incoming inspection and operational tests of the Brewer are successfully completed should the shipment be accepted These instruction lead an installer through the Setup of a Brewer Spectrometer Since Brewers are usually operated at some distance from the Computer Equipment probably out of doo
52. OPERATOR S MANUAL 123 KIPP ZONEN MOTOR POS lt motorld gt stepss current motor position MOTOR LOST Boolean current motor position unknown exactly lt motorld gt MOTOR LIMIT LOW Boolean no low travel limit sensor activated lt motorld gt MOTOR LIMIT HIGH Boolean high travel limit sensor activated lt motorld gt MOTOR REF LOW no lower reference sensor 1 activated lt motorld gt MOTOR REF HIGH Boolean no upper reference sensor 2 activated lt motorld gt MOTOR DISCREPANCY paces position of the reference position on the most lt motorld gt recent motor initialization This is a measure of accumulated motor position error between the most recent and the immediately prior initialization lt motorld gt is updated by negative M commands of the azimuth tracker lt powerSupply gt lt powerSupply gt lt powerSupply gt SUPPLY SETTING HV volts HV supply setting recorded at last adjustment lt thermalPoint gt lt thermalPoint gt lamp power consumption low watermark EMP lt thermalPoint gt lamp power consumption no TIME lt year gt yes 4 digits lt day gt 3 digits lt hour gt 2 digits lt min gt 2 digits lt sec gt 2 digits yes no TRACKER SWITCH SET ON OFF TING lt trackerSwitch gt TRACKER SWITCHES bit map TTY FILL CHARACTER _ jinteger ASCII code 0 255 reports the debounced tracker switch s
53. PP amp ZONEN SINCE 1830 Upper flange 1x M6x16 cap screws 6x M6 lock washers 6x M6 flat washers 6x Leg 3x M6x16 cap screws 12x M6 lock washers 12x M6 flat washers 12x Lower flange 1x M6x16 cap screws 6x M6 lock washers 6x M6 flat washers 6x Cross brace 3x M6x20 cap screws 3x a 86 Tie down kit 1x M6 lock washers 3x 2 M6 flat washers 3x 4 mounting holes 211 mm equi spaced at 90 3 mounting holes Z11 mm equi spaced at 120 450 x25 mm i 0 1 15 Figure 3 4 Brewer Spectrophotometer Tripod 26 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL KIPP amp TONEN 3 3 1 2 3 10 11 3 4 AZIMUTH TRACKER UNPACKING AND SETUP Refer to Figure 3 3 Open the Azimuth Tracker box remove the Tracker and inspect it for damage Mount the Tracker onto the Tripod and secure it with the bolts provided Remove the front and rear covers from the Tracker and note the spare fuses and mounting bolts taped to the inside wall of the Tracker Locate the Safety Switch which can be found inside the Tracker housing mounted on the diagonal support bar The purpose of the Safety Switch is to prevent damage to the Power and Communications Cables by removing power from the drive motor in the event that the Tracker attempts to rotate too far This Switch is activated by a steel cable and a nylon cord which tighten as the Tracker rotates Ch
54. RATOR S MANUAL 89 ZONEN SINCE 1830 Ki KIPP amp 90 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP amp ZONEN Sree APPENDIX UMKEHR PROCESSING APPENDIX E UMKEHR PROCESSING Umkehr profiles show the vertical distribution of Ozone in the Atmosphere from ground level to 50 km Umkehr Ozone Profile Height Kilometers 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ozone Density trillions of molecules cubic meter Using the UM RTN the Brewer Spectrophotometer takes Umkehr measurements through a series of Zenith Sky samples of multiple wavelengths between solar zenith angles of 60 and 91 in the morning and in the evening Data is stored in the daily B file and at the End of Day is written to a daily U file Umkehr processing software the purpose of which is to process the Brewer raw Umkehr data into graphable profiles has been developed by Scientists at Environment Canada This software is not a KIPP amp ZONEN poduct nor does KIPP amp ZONEN claim to have expertise in the area of Umkehr processing We will however endevour to provide whatever information we can to assist users in the generation of ozone profiles for their stations and the following discussion is a first attempt This Appendix briefly describes the steps necessary to process Umkehr Data For further expert assistance especially as concerns the quality of data and station dependent parameters it is suggested that WMO or EC scientists be consulted For a more
55. RCH motorld Signed integer paces jon reset max number of paces before search stopped Unsigned integer maximum absolute value of motor velocity to MOTOR MAX VEL lt motorld gt paces 256 tick on reset be permitted MOTOR MAX POS lt motorld gt Signed integer paces jon reset value of motor position to be MOTOR MIN POS lt motorld gt Signed integer paces on reset value ot motor Be MOTOR ORIGIN lt motorld gt Signed integer paces jon reset position of step 0 after initialization uncertainty of position of motor with respect MOTOR REF PLAY lt motorld gt signed integer paces jon reset to reference sensor when sensor is detected at high speed and arbitrary direction MOTOR RESET POS lt motorld gt signed integer paces during motor init position paced at before commencing motor init to ref sensor MOTOR SLOPE lt motorld gt signed integer Immediate number of paces to a step see M command paces step unsigned inteder value of motor velocity to be permitted during MOTOR SLOW VEL lt motorld gt 9 gt g during motor init final approach of search If equal to max vel paces 256 tick E init routine is shortened MOTOR STOP METHOD motorld MOTOR TIME OUT motorld float seconds Immediate amount of time that motor Is given to complete movement before timing out number of seconds after PMT window closes before we open the PMT window mmediate seconds
56. SOR TEST The Honeywell HIH 3605 A CP sensor is a monolithic IC humidity sensor that provides a proportional voltage output to relative humidity The sensor is buffered by an Op Amp and the output is connected to one of the analog input channels of the A D converter A temperature sensor is located near the humidity sensor to provide temperature compensation for the device The two measured values relative humidity and temperature allow the absolute humidity to be calculated The humidity sensor is supplied with a sensor specific data printout The values of the data printout are entered into a formula which calculates the moisture content inside the instrument The Calibration confirmation test consists of placing the sensor in a sealed container with a variety of water saturated salts that result in known and accurate RH values NaCI solution is 75 396 the measured RH using the above formulas is 75 796 MgCl solution is 32 8 the measured RH using the above formulas is 32 6 solution is 11 396 the measured RH using the above formulas is 12 3 Dry N2 is 096 the measured RH using the above formulas is 0 0796 These results show that the sensor is well within the range of its specifications Method Attach the data printout from the humidity sensor container to this document Enter the values of origin and slope into the configuration file of the instrument Confirm normal operation of the instrument through the use of the routi
57. The Brewer system is comprised of a Spectrophotometer a Solar Tracker and Computer equipment running Brewer control and data logging software UV B DOME NEUTRAL QUARTZ GROUND QUARTZ FILTER 2 FILTER 1 POWER SWITCH DATA CONNECTOR 9 ENTRANCE SLIT VIEWPORT IRIS LEVER AC POWER SOCKET IRIS VIEWPORT QUARTZ WINDOW CONTROL SWITCHES AZIMUTH TRACKER SOCKET Figure 2 1 Top View of Brewer Cover MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 9 KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE 1830 DESICCANT MICROMETER 1 MICROMETER 2 MAIN POWER SUPPLY SPECTROMETERS DISPERSING HALF TOP RE COMBINING HALF BOTTOM FOREOPTICS ZENITH DRIVE PHOTOMULTIPLIER Figure 2 2 View of Brewer with Covers Removed 2 1 SPECTROPHOTOMETER Table 2 1 Spectrophotometer Specifications UV wavelengths ozone wavelengths nm 303 2 Hg slit 306 3 310 1 313 5 316 8 320 1 T Measurement accuracy 1 for direct sun total ozone Ambient Operating temperature 0 C to 40 C no heater range for more information see 20C to 40 C with heater option appendix F Thermal Test 50 C to 40 C with complete cold weather kit weatherproof container Weight 34 kg 75 Ibs Brewer and Tracker 47 to 440 Hz 10 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL Ta KIPP amp ZONEN SINDGE TOS 2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 2 1 4 Mechanical Construction Refer to Figure 2 1 and Figure 2 2 The Brewer Spectrophotomete
58. The Standard Lamp can be accessed by removing the plate located behind the Zenith Drive Motor Once the two screws are removed the plate can be detached bringing with it the lamp socket and the lamp Great care must be taken not to touch the new lamp with bare hands as oil and or moisture may change the spectral characteristics of the lamp The Mercury Lamp may be changed by loosening the two thumbscrews on the lower part of the Lamp Assembly The Lamp and its socket can then be slid forward toward the PMT and the new lamp installed Great care must be taken not to touch the new lamp When replacing the lamp and socket observe that there is a small aligning pin at the top of the assembly The mercury filament is to be installed in vertical position MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 55 KIPP amp SINCE 1 56 Backup Battery The Clock battery on the Main Electronics PCB has an extremely long lifetime under normal operation power always on of the Brewer and it is unlikely that it will have to be changed for many years In the event that the Battery does require replacement it can be accessed on the PCB by removing the seven screws securing the rear PCB protective plate and sliding the plate up The battery is located on the lower left hand corner of the main circuit board Prior to removing the battery the power should be turned off and the small jumper immediately to the right of the battery should be removed The battery ca
59. ZONEN SINCE 1830 KIPP amp amm Ei A BREWER Brewer MkIII y Spectrophotometer Operators manual tnitatRetease 1 O 090020 wee 0040 uae o KBo n KIPP TONEN MANUFACTURER S GUARANTEE WARRANTY If a warranty statement is not included in a purchasing contract then the following warranty statement shall apply NEW PRODUCT WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY KIPP amp ZONEN B V hereby warrants to its products to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of two years from date of purchase KIPP amp ZONEN s obligation under this warranty is strictly and exclusively limited to repairing or replacing at KIPP amp ZONEN s discretion any such equipment and or parts thereof which have failed under normal use and service Expressly this warranty does not apply to any equipment and or parts which have been improperly installed been subject to abuse neglect and or accident The foregoing warranty is in lieu of any other warranties expressed or implied and includes without limitations any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose and of any other obligations of liabilities whatsoever in any event for payment of any incidental or consequential damages including without limitation damages or injury to a person or property An authorization
60. a D da ace dr a 9 2 1 SPECTROPHOTOMETER sse tenen nemis ndr nn 10 2 1 1 Mechanical Construction sssssssssssssssessseeenene nene 11 2 2 SOLAR TRACKING neremrenet enin netter tr sr i inne nerrer 20 2 2 1 Zenith Positioning 20 2 2 2 Azimuth Positioning 5 nenne 20 2 3 COMPUTER EQUIPMENT erit nnne n nene 21 3 BREWER SYSTEM SETUP 23 3 1 SPECTROPHOTOMETER UNPACKING AND SETUP sse 25 3 2 TRIPOD UNPACKING AND SETUP sssssssssssesseeeeeeeeneneerenet e nnne rmeret innen nenne 25 3 3 AZIMUTH TRACKER UNPACKING AND SETUP sse nennen 27 3 4 MOUNTING THE BREWER e ener nnn ennt nine nnne 27 3 5 BREWER OPERATING 29 3 0 COMPUTER SETUP eet o ie oen CR RASEN ERIT RR RES NX ERRAT AXES FRE XX MAR T Rand TE 29 3 7 BREWER COMPUTER INTEGRATION sse eren nennen nennen 30 3 8 MAIN MENU COMPUTER DISPLAY sssssssssseene eene nnne 32 3 9 INITIAL Inn 32 3 10 FINAL 33 4 BREWER COMMANDS
61. activity occurs as the Brewer Motors initialize 6 Place a few packages of active desiccant Silica Gel inside the Brewer and replace the Brewer Cover 7 Turn off the Brewer Power Switch and disconnect the power cable 3 2 TRIPOD UNPACKING AND SETUP Refer to Figure 3 4 1 Open the Tripod crate and locate the following Installation instructions floor stand Three Support Legs Three support bars Upper and lower flange Bag with bolts and nuts Bag with Tie Down kit this kit will be used in the final assembly refer to figure 3 6 2 Attach the three legs to eachother with 12 M6 x 16 cap screws lock washers and flat washers do NOT tighten the screws 3 Assemble the upper flange to the three legs with 6 M6 x 16 cap screws lock washers and flat washers do NOT tighten the screws 4 Assemble the lower flange to the three legs with 6 M6 x 16 cap screws lock washers and flat washers do NOT tighten the screws 5 Attach the three cross braces to the three legs with 3 M6 x 120 cap screws lock washers and flat washers do NOT tighten the screws Tighten the 27 cap screws using the provided hex key Place the stand on a flat mounting surface recommended surface concrete pad Install the Tie Down kit Note the customer has to install an eye bolt with attachment ring or hook in the pad 9 Tighten the M8 nut of the Tie Down kit with max 5 Nm 44 in Ibs MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 25 KI
62. affect the characteristics of the PMT Preventive measures are to be taken when the instrument is located at a site where the temperature inside the Brewer exceeds the limit of 50 Celsius A simple solution would be to make a reflective heat shield over the front and top of the white Brewer cover it could also extend down the back of the Brewer but this is not necessary The heat shield should have a separation of about 25 mm from the cover to allow air to circulate by wind or convection and to transport away the warmth The heat shield can be made from 104 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP ZONEN polished stainless steel or white painted aluminium or steel sheet It should not extend over the zenith window or dome The Hamamatsu photomultiplier can be fitted to Brewers with serial numbers up to 190 using a retro fit kit SC SCAN TEST ON DIRECT SUN The SC test determines the correct operational setting of the wavelength adjusting micrometer The program takes measurements of and S0 column amounts over an operator specified range of micrometer positions wavelengths then prints reduced data for each of the positions Method Before running the SC test you should first ensure that the wavelength calibration is current perform an HG mercury line calibration Next run a DS direct sun test to check that the appropriate neutral density filter Filterwheel 2 is in place Type SC to begin the scan test In response to t
63. afternoon then this is an indication that the levelling is not accurate If there are very inconsistent North Correction values from one siting to another this could be an indication of the Tracker drive mechanism slipping If there are inconsistent Horizon Correction values this could be an indication of Zenith Prism slippage If there is a constant drift in both Horizon and North corrections then this could be an indication that the site co ordinates could be incorrect MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP amp 8 8 BREWER SCHEDULES SE SKC SK BREWER SCHEDULES SE SKC SK A most important feature of the Brewer is its capability to run for longs periods of time in an unattended state The Brewer system is able to achieve this Automatic operation the use of Schedules Operation A schedule is simply a file containing a list of instructions which the Brewer software executes A series of commands is triggered by the Sun reaching a Solar Zenith Angle SZA as prescribed by the Scientific Authority for the observation site Scheduling Hints and Conventions Schedules are created or altered using the SE command While in SE the shift 6 keys may be used to turn on a flag which causes the Ins and Del keys to insert or delete full lines The SA command is a convenient tool for relating the time GMT to the SZA In schedule convention SZA before noon are considered to be ve and after noon they are ve Sch
64. ages test lamp voltages and currents temperatures and Brewer moisture content if the Brewer includes the Moisture option A full list of AP output values can be found in Appendix A Azimuth Tracker to the Sun The AS command moves the Azimuth Tracker to the azimuth angle where the Ephemeris has calculated the sun to be for the current location and time The North Correction from the most recent Siting see SI command is applied Automatic Operation The AU command results in the Brewer executing a series of commands which are imbedded the AU routine HP HG DS ZS DS ZS DS ZS B1 UV or UX The sequence continues until interrupted by an operator or until the sun reaches ZA 85 At ZA 85 the system executes the ED command Azimuth Tracker Zeroing The AZ command causes the Azimuth Tracker to return to its zero reference North position and then move the Brewer to the solar azimuth as calculated by the Ephemeris according to the Location the Time and the current North Correction as determined by the most recent Siting see SI command See also Appendix F Turn off Lamps BO ensures that the Standard Lamp and Mercury Lamps are both off Mercury Lamp ON B1 turns on the internal Mercury Calibration Lamp and is useful in a command sequence i e BIDSHG where a DS measurement is taken while the Mercury lamp is warming up B1 Note that if the HG does not execute for some reason the lamp may be left on and must be turned off with the
65. andard Lamp is turned ON FWZ is put to Position 1 FW 2 to Position 0 the Iris is opened and the zenith prism turned to the lamp housing 5 Following a 5 minute lamp warmup the test runs and data is written to the DJJJYY nnn file and to a HVJJJYY nnn file Table F 2 Typical photomultiplier response output Photomultiplier S N 10256 Preamp voltage level 10 Control voltage Dark Count Wavelength 1 Ratio Actual voltage 750 9 10 3 741 2 761 4 10 5 TOY 3 771 4 15 8 769 3 782 5 25 Ti 791 3 792 6 49 20 791 3 803 3 79 46 803 4 813 2 238 168 813 4 824 3 648 374 825 4 834 4 1814 907 837 4 845 4 4466 2233 847 5 855 8 9244 3268 857 5 866 4 16883 8442 869 5 876 5 27775 12421 8 79 45 887 7 40973 15486 891 5 897 6 55779 22772 901 6 908 10 71077 22477 911 6 918 9 86191 28730 923 6 929 8 99579 35206 933 06 939 17 111900 27140 943 7 950 9 122532 40844 955 7 960 11 131484 39644 965 7 971 14 138978 37143 975 7 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 97 48 KIPP amp SINCE 1 981 992 1002 1013 1023 1034 1044 1055 1065 1076 1086 1097 18 144932 17 149962 15 153943 18 157825 19 160926 19 163407 22 165796 19 168082 24 170292 25 172626 26 175036 29 177199 APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS 34161 36371 39748 37200 36919 37488 35348 38561 34761 34525 34327 32905 985 995 1007 1017 1027 1037 1049 1059 1069 1082 1092 1102 XO XO XO OO COO COO OO 6 A plot of the dark count and wavelength 1
66. ard deviation in nanoseconds are calculated and printed The high and low intensity deadtime means should agree within an acceptance tolerance of two standard deviations and should lie in the range 35 to 50 nanoseconds Failure to meet this criterion indicates possible difficulties with either the slitmask motor operation the high voltage circuitry or photon counting circuitry This newly determined deadtime constant should not be entered into the instrument Constants File unless it is significantly different by more than about 5 ns from the old value if you are confident that the instrument is currently running properly You should contact the factory before altering the stored constant since a complete recalibration may be required HG MERCURY LINE WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION The HG test precisely locates the mercury line spectrum then repositions the micrometer so that the diffraction grating disperses the five operating wavelengths onto the appropriate exit slits The test uses the mercury discharge lamp and the Hg calibration slit slitmask position 0 The software establishes the position of the mercury line spectrum by scanning the micrometer forwards from step position 50 to step 280 in 10 step increments then reversing direction and scanning from step 280 back to step 50 note 1 micrometer step 0 007 nm At each position the light intensity dispersed through the calibration slit is recorded building a 24 point profile of the mercu
67. ate the Brewer bat software This version of BrewCMD however does not work with WindowsXP 2 BrewCMDW exe The W extension indicates that this program is a Windows based program This version works on XP systems BrewCMDW does not work on MS DOS W95 or W89 systems To run the BrewCMD W utility the Brewer must be connected via the serial port of the PC The BrewCMD utility is intended for the use of the scientist using the Brewer and the technicians installing the Brewer The BrewCMD utility has three intended functions e To provide a tool for verifying the validity of connections to the Brewer and for verifying the low level message response operation of the Brewer e Uploading firmware and configuration files e To facilitate sending commands to and displaying responses from the Brewer Note The BrewCMD program is a low level utility Using this utility can modify the calibration and equipment configuration information For information on how to upload firmware and configuration file please refer to the Service Manual MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 131 ZONEN SINCE 1830 Ki KIPP amp 132 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL KIPP amp ZONEN 5 Our customer support remains at your disposal for any maintenance or repair calibration supplies and spares F r Servicearbeiten und Kalibrierung Verbrauchsmaterial und Ersatzteile steht Ihnen unsere Customer Support Abteilung zur Verf gung Notre service Suppor
68. bsequent two messages indicate that the command is bad and present the command The following commands cannot start while another command is still in operation I PMT R SAVE STEPS USECONFIG PMT counter failure The two independent counters on the PMT did not match count rates differed by more than 2 Counter 2 has been disabled until explicitly re enabled or until the instrument reinitializes MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 129 KIPP ZONEN SINCE 1 Reset lt requestedReset gt gt actualResetType from lt resetTime gt until lt restartTime gt Counts lt tepidResetCount gt lt warmResetCount gt This is an information message A message of this form is added each time the instrument initializes The fields lt requestedReset gt The type of initialization that was requested Possibilities Warm simply reset all the hardware to default settings Tepid rebuild the content of volatile RAM Cold rebuild the non volatile RAM and volatile RAM then reset all the hardware to default settings No not requested at all either the power was cycled or the watchdog circuit restarted the firmware lt actualResetType gt The type of initialization that was actually performed This can be Warm Tepid or Cold The log is cleared unless this is Warm lt resetTime gt The last time read from the clock before the initialization started e g just before power down This is only guaranteed to be valid on Warm resets although it is nor
69. can SLOAVGnnn Standard Lamp Log Used to monitor the stability of the Brewer s ozone measureing stability 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 7 131 7 131 3 133 6 440 1 135 137 135 418 1 404 7 8 3 6 Maximum Ozone Minimum step of scan Minimum SO HG calibration point 1 12 3 4 5 16 7 06791 14 32 5 1705 815 29 702 3952 2023581925 1 1 1 2 4 10848 06991 25 31 2 1706 815 30 700 3948 2021 576789 1 1 0 1 2 16873 1 dddyy 7 Ratio 3 2 low temperature of the SL test 8 Ratio 4 3 high temperature of the SL test 9 Ratio 5 4 number of sl tests 10 Ratio 6 5 ratio 1 11 Lamp intensity 6 ratio2 12 18 Standard Deviations MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL TT 74 KIPP amp ZONEN DUVJJJYY nnn Gives the Daily DUV Time DUV Time DUV Time is in decimal hours from 00 00 00 GMT DUV is in mwW m nm UVOAVG nnn 1_ 2___ 3 4 5 6 20898 2073 4 14 21 20 uvr13398 159 Julian day and year daily weighted Diffey UV Joules length of day hours between the first and last scan in the UV data file the number of scans in the UV file representative hour UVRJJJYY file in use UVBJJJYY nnn produced from UV scans by AB_UVDAT EXE First row decimal hours from 00 00 GMT First column wavelength angstroms Other columns one per scan taken irradiance W m nm Second last row scan weighted Erythema UV mW m La
70. ching for it at a different speed than the maximum commands do not work concurrently although on reset all motors initialize at once Syntax l zm MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL Ta KIPP amp ZONEN IEEE APPENDIX H COMPUTER BREWER INTERFACE TELETYPE Parameters The following table gives the permissible values for lt m gt lt m gt Motor symbolic form of lt m gt 1 Zenith prism ZENITH 2 Azimuth Tracker AZIMUTH 3 Iris IRIS 4 Filterwheel 1 FILTER WHEEL 1 5 Filterwheel 2 FILTER WHEEL 2 6 Filterwheel 3 FILTER WHEEL 9 Micrometer 2 MICROMETER 2 10 Micrometer 1 MICROMETER 1 11 Slitmask 1 SLITMASK 1 12 Slitmask 2 SLITMASK 2 13 Zenith Tracker TRACKER ZENITH Example 1 4 The motor used by Filterwheel 1 is initialized 5 LOGENTRY Report the next entry in the log Syntax LOGENTRY Response A character string identifying a problem This string has the form YYYY DDD HH MM SS text where the text may be for example 1995 033 14 22 03 All log entries reported Entry LOGENTRY 1996 302 13 10 02 Warm reset requested Tepid reset generated RAM was corrupt Reading the oldest unreported log entry LOGSTART LOGENTRY 1996 302 13 10 07 Motor 8 IIC communications error LOGENTRY 1996 302 13 10 14 MUGWUMP symbol not found reading the oldest log entry LOGFINISH LOGENTRY 1996 302 13 10 22 All log items reported skipping past all the entries MKIII OPER
71. coeff for the i th operational wavelength T isthe Brewer temperature in C The values of FO i and TC i are determined by linearly regressing F i against T By using the negative of the TC i coefficients as described in Compensating for Temperature under Preliminary Data Reduction document the wavelength dependent temperature response of the instrument is compensated Compare the TC i coefficients with those listed in the Final Test Manual If the freshly determined values do not agree with those obtained at the factory you should consult KIPP amp ZONEN or EC regarding the advisability of updating the instrument Constants File CF command Although the zero Celsius values FO i are not used by the Brewer software they should be recorded for future reference Change of Photomultiplier Tube PMT Brewers with serial numbers up to 190 have photomultipliers manufactured by ET Enterprises Limited of the UK previously known as Electron Tubes Thorn EMI and EMI These PMTs are no longer available in a specification that meets the demands of the Brewer Brewers with serial numbers 191 and higher are fitted with Hamamatsu photomultipliers These have superior performance to the ET tubes but there is s restriction on the maximum operating temperature The Hamamatsu PMT s have an ambient temperature operating range of 0 to 50 Celsius When the temperature inside the instrument is higher than 50 Celsius too often this could adversely
72. ct for stray light the stray light correction subtracts the average of the counts below 292 2 nm from each measurement 8 Asingle processed file will be prefixed by the letter P such as PUVJJJYY nnn If individual files for each scan were requested then individual files of the form PUVJJJSS nnn will be produced where SS is the sequence of the scan 9 The PUV file or files represent the irradiance of the UV scans NOORWN gt MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 87 ZONEN SINCE 1830 Ki KIPP amp 88 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL KIPP S EM 5 NCE APPENDIX D NO BREWER APPENDIX D NOBREWER It is often useful to be able to operate the Brewer software without having a Brewer connected to the Computer A batch file C NOBREW BAT has been developed which sets a number of operating parameters to make the software think that Brewer communications are taking place In this mode of operation a number of operations can be done Schedules can be written using SE and the solar angle information can be printed using SA Dates and time can be changed as can Site Information and Brewer number Configuration Instrument Constant and Operating State Files can be updated and saved A Brewer must not be connected to the COM port that is defined in the Configuration file and is being accessed by NOBREW Quite often the Brewer sotware is installed on a second computer and NOBREW is operated away from the Brewer MKIII OPE
73. ct the lamp to be tested Note the three digit serial number Vertical repeatability is achieved by positioning the lamp filament on exactly the same axis as that defined by the two sight holes on each side of the lamp shield This axis represents 5cm from the Teflon diffuser Verify that the hole in the filament coil is centered by looking through the two holes in the lamp assembly If the coil is visible between the two holes it needs to be adjusted The lamp centering can be adjusted if necessary by pushing it slightly to one side or the other DO NOT touch the lamps with your fingers or allow them to come into contact with any wet or dirty materials This will reduce the life of the lamp 4 Remove the rectangular lamp cover located on top of the lamp housing by unscrewing the nylon thumbscrew Insert the lamp into the 6 pin socket ensuring that it is seated completely into the socket The aluminium shield around the lamp is keyed with the housing to keep the lamp right side up 5 Place the UV test case on top of the Brewer Connect the meter Connect and latch the lamp supply cable and plug the AC cord into the power outlet under the Tracker Turn the lamp power supply on CAUTION These lamps emit UV radiation which can be harmful to your eyes Always ensure the lamp cover is in place before turning the power on MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 57 8 KIPP r ZON SINCG Press the yellow button of the Voltmeter while turning the meter from
74. ction of another site contained the location file Change Instrument The NO command allows the instrument number of the Brewer to be changed Each Brewer has a set of files which are stored in the C BDATA NNN subdirectory and which are necessary for proper operation of Brewer NNN When the NO command is issued the software is made aware of which Brewer is connected No Recording This command will turn off recording to the data disk Data will continue to be printed to the printer and the bytes free message which normally appears on the screen will be replaced by a DISK TURNED OFF warning message See also the DI command OZSUM Ozone Summary PB PD PF PN PO PZ QS OZSUM reads the daily Date B file and prints out the summary results of the day s O3 observations In addition an entry is made in the OZOAVGYY nnn file The OZSUM command is usually invoked as part of the ED command See Appendix A for an example of the OZOAVGYY nnn file Data Playback Command Syntax PB BJJJYY The PB command allows any previous day s data to be printed using the current temperature coefficients Print to Disk PD directs printing to a D file on the data drive rather than to the line printer See also PN PF Printer Off PF turns off all printing Raw data continues to be recorded See also PN PD Printer ON PN directs printing to the line printer See also PD PF Printout Instrument Constants PO generates a
75. d already been specified as 2 4 4 The new values returned correspond to a new run of the R command as specified 12 S Report the status of the most recent run command This command requires configuration variables Syntax S Response lt p1 gt lt p2 gt lt count gt lt p3 gt 0 lt interrupted gt Each number returned in the above string is in the form of a decimal value using ASCII characters Each number occupies exactly four characters and the value is right justified and padded with spaces The last value in the list always has a comma The number of parameters returned is limited only by the string length Parameters The lt pi gt are the corresponding parameter from the most recent R command The remaining parameters are given in the following table Response field Number of cycles completed lt interrupted gt on if the Run command was interrupted by a break Example S 2 4 2 4 0 1 Reports that the command was R 2 4 4 and was interrupted during the third scan 13 SAVE Stores the current set of RAM configuration parameters in Flash memory Syntax SAVE MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP amp SONEN 14 15 16 APPENDIX H COMPUTER BREWER INTERFACE TELETYPE Response lt retCode gt Parameters Response format lt retCode gt 0 127 number of sets of M TST parameters for which there was room when the operation started 0 means that no room was left and pa
76. date solar zenith angle airmass instrument temperature and test identification The second line of data displays the mean corrected count for channels 1 and 5 the single ratios MS 4 through MS 7 and the double ratios MS 8 the SO ratio and MS 9 the ratio The derivation and interpretation of these values is detailed under Preliminary Data Reduction The third line of data shows the standard deviation for each of the quantities in the line above there is no ASCII symbol for hence the leading sign The single ratios MS 4 through MS 7 should remain reasonably constant from test to test the allowable drifts in the SO MS 8 and MS 9 double ratios are about 1 5 THERMAL TESTS The Thermal Tests consist of a battery of diagnostics which determine the extent to which the spectrophotometer s performance is affected by temperature Measurements are made with the quartz halogen standard lamp Light intensity measurements are taken at a number of points which span the temperature range 10 to 40 C The wavelength setting must be recalibrated via the HG command at each new temperature before the standard lamp intensities are measured These intensity data are analyzed to yield the absolute temperature coefficients for each of the five operational wavelengths the negative of each coefficient is stored in the instrument Constants File for subsequent use during data reduction During the course of the Thermal Te
77. e Brewer on top of the Tracker The Brewer Power Switch should be directly above the Tracker Power Switch and the three bolts protruding from the top of the Tracker mate to the three tapered holes in the bottom of the Brewer these three bolts form a kinematic mount for the Brewer Optical Assembly Secure the Brewer to the four Tracker mounting fixings with the bolts provided in the Basic Spares Kit there are spare bolts taped to the inside wall of the Tracker When securing the Brewer to the Tracker start the bolts by hand to ensure that no cross threading occurs before using the Allen Wrench included in the Basic Spares Kit to do the MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 27 KIPP amp ZON SINGE 28 1 final tightening Care must be taken not to overtighten the bolts as the rubber feet may be damaged Connect the AC Power Cable to the 120V 230V connector on the underside of the Tracker and connect the Data Communications Cable to the Surge Suppressor Box assembly mounted to the underside of the Tracker Always connect the power cables first before connecting the communication cables Connect the remaining cables from the Tracker to appropriate connectors on the Brewer Note that each cable connector combination is unique which makes it difficult but not impossible to mate the cables incorrectly Turn ON the Tracker Power Switch and the Brewer Power Switch both Green Power indicators will come on the Brewer will
78. e operating constants log IC CF or ED The rest of the entries are identical to the OP ST nnn file See Appendix 3998 F 12 TETT 2 T D rer 159 c bdata icf3 1098 zsf13998 dcf11798 07 12 98 Saskatoon 52 107 1000 3 286822 a 100 1469061 1 1 1 1 1 1 Skc o epa96 E 31 16 10 0 146961 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 03 19 43 56 OZOAVGYY nnn Ozone Average File Used to monitor the daily average ozone measurements collected by the Brewer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 08398 4521 2 4 0 6 0 6 16 29 185 20 4452 5 2 123 264 19 22 199 19 08498 472 8 2 1 08 1 2 22 35 185 19 465 5 5 8 73 25 1 1620 190 19 08598 458 8 9 3 0 7 0 6 12 35 192 18 4617 7 2 57 23 2 16 20 184 19 Direct Sun DS Ozone Data julian day amp year mean daily total column DS ozone DS ozone standard deviation mean daily total column DS sulphur dioxide DS SO standard deviation number of good DS observations number of total DS observations harmonic mean of airmass for the DS measurements hour that best represents the mean time for the mean DS daily ozone ONO PON gt Zenith Sky ZS Ozone Data 9 mean daily total column ZS ozone 10 ZS ozone standard deviation 11 mean daily total column ZS sulphur dioxide 12 ZS SO standard deviation 13 number of good ZS observations number of total ZS observations 14 harmonic mean of airmass for the ZS measureme
79. each scan and for the day The most representative response file should be kept in the Brewer data directory C BDATA NNN To use RESIII EXE it should reside in a directory containing the XL scans and the Lamp irradiance files 1 The program is launched by typing RESIII 2 Atthe prompt the instrument number is entered 3 Alllamp files and XL scans matching that instrument are read into a list The list shows all scans any scans that do not have a lamp file available are marked with a 4 scans to be processed are selected by ranges and lists of numbers ie 2 5 7 12 results in scans 2 5 6 7 and 12 to be processed Scans that have no lamp files are skipped 5 Ifa new response file is desired the filename of the new file is entered in the form form UVRJJJYY NNN 6 The new response file is placed in the C BDATA NNN directory and replaces the old RES filein OP ST NNN The response file calculated each time will be affected by temperature lower response with higher temperatures lamp positioning and power supply stability Changes from accepted response values of more than 596 should prompt investigation into the discrepancy Statistics from the response calculations should give percent standard deviations of 1 596 to be considered acceptable MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 85 KIPP ZONEN SINCE 1 Lamp Irradiance Files RD UX EXE is used to process external lamp scans from the XL or UL routine to produce
80. eader Version 2 B file version number Dh Header Longitude temperature in volts Temperature in volts TE Read from the PMT thermistor The temperature C is calculated using the equation Temp C 33 27 x 18 64 Instrument Constants This section of the B file starts with the header inst See Appendix B for the format of ICFJJJYY nnn Dispersion constants This section of the B file starts with the header disp See Appendix B for the format of DCFJJJYY nnn Zenith Sky Constants This section of the B file starts with the header zeni See Appendix B for the format of ZSFJJJYY nnn Comment Block Comments may be generated by the user with the CO command and may also be automatically generated by some routines Example Name Comment header 13 20 14 Time comment was logged Comment source comment text MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 65 74 KIPP amp ZONEN HG Calibration Data H g Type of measurement 12 10 22 9995 Correlation value 9 287 182 287 190255 28 Correlation Value The corelation between the stored and measured spectra Calculated Micrometer Step number The micrometer position of the HG peak Standard Lamp Test Data f Example Name 1 SI type of measurement Filter ND filter position of filterwheel 2 in steps 5 0 Lowerslit mask position 1 dark 6 6 Upper slit mask position 6 slit5 8 625382
81. eck the Safety Switch as follows taking care not to break the nylon cord Rotate the Tracker slowly until the black blocking mechanism mounted to the large circular disk is positioned within the Sensor which is mounted beneath the Safety Switch This is the reference position of the Tracker Ensure that the Tracker will rotate a full 360 in a CCW direction and 90 in a CW direction from this reference position without activating the Safety Switch or breaking the nylon string Leave the Tracker such that the blocker is a few degrees CCW from the sensor Connect the AC Power Cable to the 120V 230V connector on the underside of the Tracker the green Power Indicator will remain off if it comes on push the Power Switch to turn the power indicator lamp off Rotate the Tracker a few degrees and note that it is relatively easy to turn when power is off Press the Tracker Power Switch to turn power ON and observe that the green Power Indicator llluminates Attempt to rotate the Tracker again and note that it is much more difficult to turn with holding torque on the motor Activate the Safety Switch manually by pushing the toggle to the right BE CAREFUL AS THERE IS 120V OR 230V INSIDE THE TRACKER HOUSING and note that the Power Indicator remains illuminated but now the Tracker turns easily again Deactivate the Safety Switch and turn the Tracker Power Switch OFF MOUNTING THE BREWER Refer to Figure 3 3 1 Place th
82. ection 4 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 59 ZONEN SINCE 1830 Ki KIPP amp 60 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP amp 7 7 SOLAR AND LUNAR SITING SI SIM SOLAR AND LUNAR SITING SI SIM Accurate measurements depend on the instrument being aligned very accurately to the Sun or Moon Not only is this important for the direct measurements but for reasons of polarisation and consistency it applies to all measurements During installation care is taken to ensure that the Brewer is oriented properly but it is not possible to mechanically align the Tripod and the Tracker to the accuracy required Following installation the SI SIM command can be used to determine both NORTH CORRECTION and HORIZON CORRECTION information which are used to compensate for any solar misalignment of the instrument It is assumed that the date is correct that the time is accurate to within 20 seconds of GMT and that the co ordinates of the site are accurate to two decimal places of latitude and longitude degrees The following procedure applies to both SI and SIM commands SI Procedure 1 From the Main Menu issue the command sequence PDSRSI PD turns on the printer SRzeros and resets the Tracker Sl puts the software into the Siting Mode the default mode enables the controls on the Brewer 2 Being careful not to block the sun look into the Entrance Slit View Tube If a bright diffused image is nowhere
83. ed Example 114 B 2 Turn the standard lamp on and the mercury lamp off update lamp state variables in the background F Define the fill characters to be used at the start of every transmission from the Brewer to the controller when using the TTY interface low level protocol Syntax F lt count gt lt ASCII code Parameters parameter range Meaning ASCII code 0 to 255 the character to be used as a fill character count 0 to 255 the number of fill characters to use for each output message Example F 1 7 Transmit a single BEL character at start of each output message 3 HVADJUST Adjusts the High Voltage power supply This command requires configuration variables Syntax HVADJUST lt delta gt Parameters Parameter response Format Meaning delta 128 to 127 steps to adjust the supply Use of this command resets the NVRAM variable which keeps track of the latest measurement of the HV supply voltage The watermarks are also centered around the new HV supply setting note that this is different in operation from other watermarks 4 Initializes the specified motor to its zero position and set the corresponding step count accumulator to 0 moves the motor to its default position This command requires configuration variables If the slow and maximum velocities specified for a motor are equal then the motor reset routine is abbreviated i e the movement does not include moving off the sensor and sear
84. ediate Screw 17mm PM 1 Photomultiplier 30 mm R7207 01 QW 1 Quartz window G1 quality 7 62 by 15 24 by 0 48 cm SL 1 Slit mask cylindrical sector dia 25 4 mm thickness 0 038mm SM Spherical mirror radius 324 mm ground from pyrex blank of dimensions 25 4 by 165 1 by 50 8 mm aluminized reflecting surface coated with magnesium fluoride VL 1 Viewing lens plano convex glass dia 15 mm focal length 112 mm VP 12 Viewing prism right angle glass 7 by 8 by 7 mm ZP 1 Zenith prism right angle G1 quartz 31 75 by 31 75 mm square face MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 13 KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE 1830 Foreoptics Spectrometer Figure 2 4 Optical Elements of Brewer Spectrophotometer Lamp Assembly A quartz halogen lamp HL 1 provides a well regulated light source which is used as a reference for sensitivity measurements The lamp is powered by a constant current source of nominal value 1 5 A held to within 0 5 over a temperature range of 20 to 40 C The intensity of the radiation from the lamp under these conditions is stable to within 596 The filament of the lamp is placed at the focal point of a double convex lens LE 1 so that the light from the lamp is directed along the optical axis by the zenith prism Beneath the halogen lamp is a mercury discharge lamp ML 1 which provides a line source for wavelength calibration Ultraviolet radiation from the mercury lamp passes through the halogen lamp to the zenith prism W
85. edule names follow DOS rules and automatically are given the SKD extension An ED is invoked automatically at solar midnight by the SKC routine so an additional ED need not be programmed into the schedule Schedules may be linked when running a schedule under SKC the schedule automatically starts the next day when running a schedule under SK the schedule does not automatically start the next day all entries in a schedule are keyed to the SZA even if they are moon measurements only two character commands can be used in a schedule an integer can be entered at the end of a command line to indicate how many times the command line is to be repeated i e DSZSDS3 will cause the commands DSZSDS to be repeated three times the next SZA will interrupt the current command line when the command in process is finished the HPHG sequence is normally inserted such that the internal temperature of the Brewer does not change more that 2 C between HG s HG commands should also be done more frequently in sections of the schedule that have much micrometer movement i e UV and UM MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 63 ZON SE 1 Ki KIPP amp SIN Er Approximate run times for the following measurements are shown below HG without 7 9 min SL without B2 9 min DS 3 min ZS 4 min UV 8 min UX 6 min UM Indeterminate must be aborted with HOME key or new schedule entry FM 11 min Writing Schedules 64 Determine t
86. en the command line RUNPRE JJJYY nnn is issued Three files are created following the successful execution of PREPRO UPJJJYY nnn the preprocessor output listing UDJJJYY nnn output data to be used by the analysis program UGJJJYY nnn reduced data The batch file RUNUMK BAT sets up and runs TOMKEHR EXE when the command line RUNUMK JJJYY nnn is issued MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL KIPP amp SINCE 1 APPENDIX E UMKEHR PROCESSING 7T Successful execution of TOMKER results in the creation of three files USJJJYY nnn UOJJJYY nnn UNJJJYY nnn suitable for graphing the ozone profile Some useful information on the Umkehr processing software and its use may be found in the following three documents written by Dr T C McElroy Umkehr Inversion Algorithm for the Brewer Ozone Spectrophotometer Readme Doc Readme V3 Copies of these documents are available from the World Ozone and UV Data Centre WOUDC website MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 93 ZONEN SINCE 1830 Ki KIPP amp 94 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 748 KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE 2S APPENDIX FACTORY TESTS APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS SETUP AND CALIBRATION TESTS The tests and calibration techniques described here are essentially those performed by the factory before the Brewer Spectrophotometer is shipped Refer to the Final Test Record for the set of test results graphs and derived constants for a specific instrument Some of these tests HV SH would only be p
87. ents and are nominally set at 306 3 310 1 313 5 316 8 and 320 1 nm The dimensions for the entrance and exit slits are listed in the Selected Parts List Both slit plates are positioned on their respective housings by locating pins which orient the slit axis to within 0 1 Both plates are blackened to minimize light reflections Correction Lens The correction lens LE 5 has a convex cylindrical surface radius 170 0 mm and a concave spherical surface radius 230 0 mm Both surfaces are coated with a layer of magnesium fluoride to minimize reflectance at 315 0 nm for an incidence angle of 29 The lens is mounted in the entrance slit housing at an angle of 29 to the optical axis with the concave spherical surface facing the entrance slit The axis of the cylindrical surface is positioned in the horizontal plane to within 1 Spherical Mirrors The spherical mirrors SM 1 amp SM 2 each have a 324 mm radius of curvature The spherical surfaces are ground from rectangular pyrex blanks The surfaces are polished coated with aluminum and then coated with magnesium fluoride to maximize reflection at 315 0 nm Spring loaded mounts secure the spherical surfaces of the mirrors against three adjustment screws which are normal to the spherical surfaces in the horizontal plane of the spectrometers The mirrors are allowed to move on a spherical surface defined by the three adjustment screws up to a limit of 0 25 mm in the horizontal and vertical
88. erance of 5 If the new constant is significantly different from the final test value then the factory should be contacted before changing the configuration in the firmware since a complete instrument re calibration may be necessary HV HIGH VOLTAGE TEST The HV test determines the optimum high voltage setting for the PMT This test requires access to the High voltage module and the front of the Main Electronics Circuit Board Measurements of the apparent light intensity of the quartz halogen standard lamp are taken through slitmask positions 1 and 2 dark count and wavelength 1 for a range of high voltages Prior to starting the test locate shorting plug J2 on the High Voltage Module MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL ZONE SUPER SS APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS Ki KIPP amp Method 1 Turn off Brewer power 2 Onthe High Voltage module change jumper J2 from Pins 2 3 to Pins 1 2 and restore Brewer power 3 Enter the HV command and at the prompts enter the PMT number the preamp discriminator level the minimum maximum and incremental voltages for the test For the PMT serno and voltage settings see the Final Test Record WARNING A photomultiplier which is subjected to a too high voltage may lead to irreversible damage of the PMT and or can decrease its lifetime The maximum allowable voltage is PMT specific It is therefore recommended not to exceed the voltages for your PMT as mentioned in the Final Test Record 4 St
89. erformed by the user after repair or replacement of one or more of the instrument s optical or mechanical components In contrast the HG mercury line calibration and SL standard lamp tests should be performed at least once per day The remaining tests should be carried out at approximately monthly intervals to verify correct instrument performance The order in which these tests are described is significant Tests which follow later in the sequence assume that the earlier tests and calibrations have been successful A complete instrument recalibration a task not to be undertaken lightly would therefore follow the ordering implied in this section Table F 1 summarizes the settings of the Brewer s controllable elements for each of the setup tests The software will automatically set the elements to where they should be for a specific test All of the following tests assume that the spectrometer is in focus and properly aligned in accordance with the Optical Frame Alignment document Table F 1 Settings for Brewer Tests Test Wave Slitmask Std Lamp Hg Filter Filter Azimuth Length Motor Lamp Wheel1 Wheel 2 Tracker Position SH SHUTTER MOTOR SLITMASK MOTOR TIMING TEST The SH test determines the optimum value for the timing constant used in the control of the slitmask motor Measurements of the Dark Count and light intensity of the tungsten halogen standard lamp are taken through the HG and Wavelength 1 slits for a range of moto
90. et of four controls on the front of the instrument are used to introduce Horizon and North corrections which compensate for any offsets that may occur These corrections are saved and used by the software in future pointing calculations See also Section 7 Lunar Siting Brewer observations using the lunar disc as the radiation source require that the input window of the instrument be pointed very accurately toward the moon Normally the SI command is used if at all possible as a siting using the moon is much more difficult task than a siting using the sun The SIM command is used in the initial set up of the instrument and for subsequent checking of pointing accuracy in the event that the SI command cannot be used After the date time and station co ordinates have been set accurately a set of four controls on the front of the instrument are used to introduce Horizon and North corrections which compensate for any offsets that may occur These corrections are saved and used by the software in future pointing calculations See also Section 7 Scheduled Operation SK allows an operating schedule created by the SE command to be run for the current day At the end of the schedule the program returns to the main menu and must be restarted the next day See also Section 8 and SE and SKC Continuous scheduled Operation SKC allows an operating schedule created by the SE command to be run continuously that is at the end of the
91. g Window should be inspected regularly If the 40 indicator starts to turn Pink the moisture is approaching the danger level If either of the two potentially dangerous conditions of moisture is viewed then the desiccant in the Brewer enclosure should be changed The desiccant container mounted in the rear of the Spectrometer should be inspected each time the Brewer cover is removed and the desiccant replaced whenever it is observed that the indicator is in the 40 region MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 53 48 KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE 1830 Tracker Drive Mechanism See Figure 5 2 If the Steps per Revolution test returns an erratic result or a variance that is more than about 20 steps then the large aluminum drive wheel and the small stainless steel drive rod should be inspected and cleaned with a dry tissue If no slippage is observed in the SR then the cleaning should be done approximately every 3 months If Tracker slippage is not due to dirty drive gears then drive gear tensions should be checked The friction drive arm is set with 9 kg of tension on the lower spring and 4 kg on the upper spring to provide drive friction and gear mesh pressures respectively TENSION ARM ADJUSTMENT SCREW BEARING STOP INSERT SPACER HERE THIS THICKNESS NEXT THIS THICKNESS FIRST SPACER DETAIL Figure 5 2 Tracker Drive Mechanism 54 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP TONEN 5 ROUTINE OPERATIONS AND MINOR MA
92. g commands in turn followed by Enter and wait for the Main Menu to return before going to the next command 32 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE 1830 3 BREWER SYSTEM SETUP PD routes all printing to the hard drive TE prints temperature and humidity RL prints the firmware error log PO prints instrument constants RE initializes and resets the Brewer SR performs an Azimuth Tracker steps revolution test HP grating synchronisation HG wavelength calibration takes about 7 minutes RS run stop test takes about 8 minutes SL standard lamp test takes about 8 minutes DT dead time test takes about 8 minutes AP prints A D monitor values FR resets micrometers Compare the results of the tests marked with those in the FINAL TEST RECORD and consult KIPP amp ZONEN if there are any discrepancies or problems noted in the tests 3 10 FINAL INSTALLATION If the results of the initial tests are within acceptable tolerances then the Brewer can be moved to its final location 1 Atthe Brewer Main Menu issue the command EX and the Brewer Operating Program will terminate Turn OFF all Brewer and Computer equipment and remove all interconnecting cables Route the Power and Data Cables from the Computer to the Brewer final location Disassemble the Brewer Tracker Tripod setup and move them to the final location At the final location place the Tripod a flat surface
93. go through an initialization sequence once again and the Tracker will be difficult to turn by hand Turn the Brewer and the Tracker Power Switches OFF and remove the communications cable from the Tracker MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL Ta KIPP amp ZONEN adi dee 3 BREWER SYSTEM SETUP 3 5 BREWER OPERATING SOFTWARE Brewer Operating Software is provided on three 3 5 diskettes with part numbers BA E116 BA E118 and BA U07 and will be installed in step 2 below Disk BA E116 contains files in directories V DOS BREWER UTIL UV LAMP directory these are batch files those with BA extensions to be used as examples and those with BAT extensions to be used to launch the BREWER and the NOBREWER software DOS directory these files are required to run the Brewer software and some of its DOS functions BREWER directory these files contain the MAIN Brewer operating program and all of the routuines and data files necessary to control all of the Brewer command functions UTIL directory contains some infrequently used utilities UV LAMP directory contains utilities specific to UV such as for the generation of new UV response files Disk BA E118 contains a number of directories containing routines developed by various Brewer users for specific applications These routines are not supported by KIPP amp ZONEN Disk BA U07 contains files in directory BDATA and subdirectory BDATA NNN where NNN is
94. he application of an empirical polynomial relation a numerical sky chart It is assumed that the function determined from zenith sky observations can be analytically related to the value of the total ozone and the solar zenith angle The relation assumed has the following form A X B X C F where lt 2 2 Bedt e M2 f M2 Ce gth M2 k M2 M2 is the path lengthening factor for the layer Fay is the observed zenith sky value b c k are site and instrument dependent constants X is the deduced direct sun O value It must be emphasized that the constants a k are NOT factory set they can only be determined after a large number say 500 or more of Fsky M2 XDS data triples have been constructed from pairs of observations made on the direct sun XDS M2 and on the zenith sky Fsky M2 These data triples should span the full range of M2 and O values The constants for instrument 15 are quoted here for reference a 0 0164 d 0 0396 g 0 2778 b 0 0836 e 0 6326 h 0 1262 C 0 0185 f 0 0705 k 0 0122 Cloudy sky ZC data are treated in the same way as the zenith blue sky ZB observations this is only a good approximation for thin cloud satisfactory treatment of thick cloud observations awaits development of an improved cloud sky relation 112 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL KIPP amp ZONEN BUE APPENDIX COMPUTER BREWER INTERFACE TELETYP
95. he flange is again detected on the next revolution At this point the tracker has rotated exactly 360 and the steps per revolution constant has been determined The SR routine can only be accessed if the instrument configuration IC command has been setup to include an Azimuth Tracker Method Type SR to initiate the steps per revolution test The first portion of the calibration proceeds exactly as for AZ Once the internal optically sensed reference flange has been detected the azimuth step count is set to zero and the drive motor is stepped forward until the flange is again detected after 360 of rotation During the forward search the following screen message is displayed finding az steps rev press del to abort It takes approximately 30 seconds to rotate through 360 The operator may abort the steps per revolution calibration at any time by pressing the DEL key Calibration results are displayed as follows steps rev measured at 14675 old value 14678 do you want new value saved y n MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 107 KIPP ZONEN m APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS Enter y if you want to update the calibration value type n if you feel the test was unsatisfactory for any reason or if the value hasn t changed A timestamped calibration record will be printed AZ STEPS REV 14675 AT HH MM SS The Azimuth Tracker then returns to the solar azimuth and the previously displayed menu will appear THE HUMIDITY SEN
96. he Brewer The timing of many of these tasks is usually determined by the Scientific Authority of the observation site 1 UV Stability Check Section 6 2 Mechanical Checks 3 UV Calibration 4 Ozone Calibration 5 4 MINOR MAINTENANCE Routine maintenance deals with periodic checks and adjustments that the Operator should do to ensure correct operation of the Brewer These items are not failures but may lead to failures or result in poor data if not attended to Desiccant Changes Moisture is one of the worst enemies of the Brewer and can cause damage to the Optics which often can be corrected only by returning the Brewer to the factory for parts replacement and recalibration There are two desiccant systems in the Brewer the desiccant cartridge breather and the loose or bagged desiccant The desiccant cartrige is intended to remove moisture from the air drawn into the Brewer as temperature changes This container can be inspected from the underside of the Brewer base by removing two thumbscrews If the desiccant is no longer Blue then it requires changing Loose or bagged desiccant is intended to remove moisture from inside the Brewer enclosure If the Brewer is equipped with a Moisture Sensor then the Moisture Index is displayed on the Computer Display The maximum safe level for the Moisture Index is 10 If the Brewer is not equipped with a Moisture Sensor then Humidity Sensors placed beneath the Brewer Viewin
97. he Scientific Objectives and draw up a table of Solar Zenith Angle vs Commands Use the SA command to assist in relating to local time From the Brewer main menu send the Command SE a table will appear on the screen with two columns one for SZA and one for the commands to be executed at the SZA starting with the first SZA after solar midnight it will probably be ve enter the SZA in the left hand column of the table and enter the commands to be executed at that angle in the right hand column carry on through the day remembering that the SZA changes to VE after noon no sign defaults to ve when the schedule is finished press Ctrl End and follow the instructions for saving the schedule the schedule can be tested using the SK or SKC routines MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 748 KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE 2S APPENDIX BREWER DATA FILES APPENDIX A BREWER DATA FILES D Files DJJJYY nnn D or Disk files are produced when the PD command has been issued causing the software to print to disk These files usually contain end of day summaries and or test data B Files BJJJYY nnn B or Brewer files contain the raw data collected by the Brewer B files begin with the characters version The beginning of a B file contains three sections the version string the instrument constants and a data header Following is a description of the format of each B file section Data Header Each B file begins with a data h
98. he photomultiplier amplifies and scales the photon pulse signal from the photomultiplier and transmits the conditioned photon signal to the Photon Counter e Lamp Control board provides constant current control of the two test lamps in the instrument It also provides monitor information such as lamp voltage and current which is sent to the A D converter of the Main Electronics Board e High Voltage Control module contains the high voltage supply and control circuitry as one complete module It also provides a monitor signal to indicate the level of the high voltage and has an electrically adjustable potentiometer to allow for automated high voltage testing ULTRA VIOLET DOME ASSEMBLY Refer to Figure 2 3 The UV Dome Assembly is an optical assembly which enables the Brewer to measure global UV B and portions of UV A and UV C using a thin disc of teflon as a cosine collector The disc is mounted on top of the instrument under a 5 cm diameter quartz dome and is thus exposed to the global UV irradiance Beneath the disc is a fixed reflecting prism which is located such that the disc is in the spectrometer field of view when the zenith prism is set for a zenith angle of 90 Figure 2 3 shows an end view of the foreoptics with the UV subassembly in place 2 2 SOLAR TRACKING Within the Brewer software is an Ephemeris algorithm which calculates the azimuth and zenith angles of both the Sun and the Moon as seen from the current location Da
99. he program prompts enter the minimum maximum and increment for the stepper motor step number suggested values are 124 148 and 2 respectively Plot the O3 and SO values as a function of step number Table F 4 O3 and SO column amounts vs wavelength for a typical Scan Test on direct sun The proper operational setting is that step number for which the value is a maximum the SO value should have a minimum within 1 or 2 micrometer steps of the O3 maximum This operational setting should be compared with the value currently stored in the instrument Constants File if the new value is significantly different and you are confident the instrument is performing correctly then the instrument Constants File should be updated via the CF command Contact the factory before altering this constant since a complete recalibration may be required The exact position of the peak of the value does change by 1 or 2 steps depending on the airmass and the amount of present For best results this test should be performed at low airmass values mu 1 5 INSTRUMENT INTER COMPARISON CALIBRATION The Instrument Inter Comparison Calibration determines the absorption coefficients and extraterrestrial constants for the measurement of O4 and SO These constants are instrument dependent and must be determined for all instruments prior to or SO measurements The uncalibrated instrument is compared to a certified Brewer reference by the analysi
100. hile the actual light intensity of the lamp is not critical a variation of 5096 over the operational temperature range is normal it must remain stable to within 596 for short time periods 10 minutes MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL ZONEN SINCE 1830 2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Ki KIPP amp SLITMASK MOTOR UV B PORT PHOTOMULTIPLIER BELOW FOREOPTICS Ge I IRIS 2 1 ZENITH MICROMETER MICROMETER 1 TOP MOTOR FILTERWHEEL MOTORS MICROMETER 2 BOTTOM MOTORS FOREOPTICS SPECTROMETER SOLAR DISPERSING HALF TOP UV RADIATION RE COMBINING HALF BOTTOM Figure 2 5 Top View of Spectrophotometer FOREOPTICS Refer to Figure 2 4 and Figure 2 5 The automated system drives stepper motors which control three elements in the foreoptics assembly the Iris Diaphragm Filterwheel 1 and Filterwheel 2 The associated driving and sensing electronics are integrated into the Main Electronics board The Brewer software automatically controls motors once the Configuration File has been appropriately configured Incoming light is directed through the foreoptics by the director prism ZP 1 which may be rotated to select light from either the zenith sky the direct sun or one of the two calibration lamps A mercury lamp provides a line source for wavelength calibration of the spectrometer while a quartz halogen lamp provides a well regulated light source so that the relative spectral response of the spec
101. iables MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 127 74 KIPP amp ZONEN Bad command string Command string buffer cleared An illegal command was not processed The subsequent message indicates the command Bad digital output setting Only ON OFF allowed Self explanitory Checksum bad in low level command During initialization loadmode or opmode a message with a bad checksum was received This is normal if an initialization starts while a packet is being sent and is of no consequence at that time At other times it indicates a noisy communication line Command not accepted while another in progress Please notify KIPP amp ZONEN lt info holland kippzonen com gt of the circumstances in which this message was generated Config signature did not write properly The configuration was not correctly written to Flash memory Possibly the Flash memory chip has failed Flash config checksum error The data in the configuration is corrupted Possibly the Flash memory chip has failed Flash config memory full Configuration can be saved to Flash memory see SAVE command only four times Reload the firmware Lamp number told neither ON OFF what Only ON and OFF are valid settings for a lamp MAIN C motor initialization timed out Motor initialization failed to complete in the allotted time RESET TIME OUT Operation proceeds with the motors which did initialize Motor number appears stuck with a reference sensor activated
102. ime for the door gontrol Sets response to command B 3 If set to USE B3 FOR LAMPS Boolean immediate YES lamps are turned on else the command is ignored VERSION ELEC unsigned byte Records the electronics version VOLTS PER Float volts of A D converter in volts per A D Possible lt index gt es index Meaning possibilities format lt powerSupply gt iconos a power supply 0to 6 oridentifier One of HV 12V 5V 12V 24V 5VSEC secondary supply 5VSEC lt thermalPoint gt identifies a thermal sensor 0to 5 oridentifier One of PMT photomultiplier FAN internal temperature BASE BELOW SPECTRO WINDOW AREA EXTERNAL external temperature lt trackerSwitch gt identifies a tracker switch 0 to4 oridentifier One of digital input CW CCW UP DOWN COARSE Examples 2MOTOR MAX ACC IRIS reports the current maximum acceleration for the iris motor IPMT HV TOLERANCE 50 sets the value of the high voltage tolerance to 50 millivolts The first character must be a digit The number interpreted as decimal unless the first digit is a 0 in which case the second character is tested If it is x or X the remaining digits are interpreted as a hexadecimal number If the second character is a digit the number is interpreted as octal 122 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP amp ZONEN pH APPENDIX COMPUTER BREWER INTERFACE TELETYPE 19 OPERATIONAL INFORMATION A variety of opera
103. in depth discussion of the theory and practicalities of Umkehr measurements and presentation experts at Environment Canada or the WOUDC should be consulted MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 91 KIPP amp ZON SINGE 92 1 EN Conventions JJJYY Julian day and year nnn Brewer number All Umkehr Data and data processing programs should reside in a common directory The main programs for processing and analysis are PREPRO EXE a preprocessing program TOMKEHR EXE the Umkehr analysis program RUNPRE BAT a batch file used to launch PREPRO EXE RUNUMK BAT a batch file used to launch TOMKEHR EXE The proper execution of PREPRO EXE and TOMKEHR EXE requires that the following files also be present UJJJYY nnn Brewer Umkehr data file to be analyzed OZOAVOYY nnn daily average ozone value file SXUNIAM DAT STDTABS DAT O3TABLE DAT CQMS DAT PRESETUP nnn a file containing station data which is created by using a text editor to modify a sample file such that it contains the ozoavg file to be used the station number station code latitude longitude UMKSETUP nnn a file created during the Brewer calibration containing pointers to the above DAT files ozone coefficients and sun angle information must be edited to include as line 7 the following 3 6 11 12 1 1 0 pressure where pressure is mean station pressure in millibars The batch file RUNPRE BAT will invoke PREPRO EXE and set the necessary parameters wh
104. in the 286 5 nm to 363 nm range are measured It is well recognized by the scientific community that marked fluctuations in atmospheric ozone and sulphur dioxide concentrations are linked to a variety of adverse environmental conditions The ozone layer which shields the Earth from the harmful effects of solar ultraviolet radiation is believed to be vulnerable to attack by fluorocarbons and other effluents Many scientists fear its depletion may irreversibly alter world climatic patterns Atmospheric sulphur dioxide is closely associated with the acid rain phenomenon which like ozone depletion has implications for the global environment Today s concern over the vulnerability of the ozone layer to destruction by atmospheric pollutants has increased the demand for high quality globally distributed total Ozone and UV Spectral measurements from a ground based network of instrumentation Since the early 1980 s the Environment Canada EC has conducted the development of the Brewer Spectrophotometer for the purpose of supplementing instrumentation in the World Ozone Network Though the Dobson instrument has served its purpose well since the 1930s the Brewer Ozone Spectrophotometer is today becoming the instrument of choice for researchers studying Ozone Sulphur Dioxide and UV radiation At the request of the World Meteorological Organization the EC has endeavored to make the Brewer Spectrophotometer commercially available to the international
105. ings terminating in the A command get repeated indefinitely In the case of the computer interface low level protocol an ESC command is required to terminate execution in the case of the TTY low level protocol a break must be sent The following sections identify the various commands Commands with single character opcodes constitute the commands supported by the COSMAC based Brewers They are augmented by a number of commands supported only by later versions of the Brewer These newer commands have multicharacter opcodes and provide functions specific to newer electronics or provide more natural commands for functions supported by the COSMAC based Brewers A number of the commands listed below are used only for diagnostics and are not nornally used in day to day operations but are included for completeness The commnds in more common use are marked by Turn the the mercury lamp and or the standard lamp on or off This command requires configuration variables 1 B Syntax B mask Parameters The parameter mask takes one of four values or an error is logged mask standard lamp Mercury lamp state 0 off Off 1 off On 2 on Off 3 on On MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 113 KIPP amp ZON SINCG Note if the configuration variable USE B3 FOR LAMPS is set to YES then the lamps are both turned on with B 3 If the configuration variable is set to NO then the state of the lamps are not altered and the command is essentially ignor
106. intensity values vs the high voltage should be compared to the plot in the Final Test Record The wavelength 1 data should exhibit a region of minimum slope plateau The optimum setting for the high voltage is at the beginning of the plateau The ratio is determined by deviding the counts of wavelength 1 by the square root of the dark count If the new established optimum high voltage value deviates approximately 50 Volts or more from the orignial setting then it is desired to change the current setting See the HVSET explanation on how to adjust the high voltage WARNING Changing the high voltage for the photomuliplier may effect the ozon calibration but will change the UV calibration for sure The best time for adjusting the high voltage is therefore during re calibration of the Brewer instrument HVSET Set PMT High Voltage HVSET is used to set the PMT High Voltage as determined from the HV test This test requires access to the High voltage module and the front of the Main Electronics Circuit Board Prior to starting the test locate shorting plug J2 and potentiometer R4 on the High Voltage Module and test point E16 on the Main Electronics Board Method 1 If not already done so then turn off Brewer power and on the high voltage module move jumper J2 from Pins 2 3 to Pins 1 2 and restore Brewer power Enter the HVSET command and enter the desired HV value at the prompt Measure the voltage at E16 on the
107. ions of this back and forth scan Every R command zeroes the count accumulators for all slitmask positions See the notes on the configuration variable SLIT PACE in section 5 19 Configuration Parameters If there are no parameters specified the parameters from the previous R command are used If no previous R command parameters had been specified as would be the case after a warm start for example all of the parameters are assumed to be zero and no scan is performed In essence all that happens is the count accumulators are zeroed The correspondence between lt p1 gt or lt p2 gt and slitmask position is given in the following table Slitmask position meaning Hg calibration 302 1 nm Dark Count A1 306 2 nm A2 310 0 A3 313 5 nm A4 316 8 nm A5 320 0 nm A2 amp A4 for Deadtime test NOOR MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 117 KIPP amp ZON 118 NC Example R O 0 If the above had been called before any other R command then a single zero is returned indicating that there were no scans taken R 2 4 4 O sent to Brewer 5638 4996 54886 returned by Brewer Sample and accumulate the light intensities for slitmask positions 2 3 4 4 3 and 2 Repeat this sequence 4 times In this example the O command is used to display example results The returned counts correspond to slitmask positions 2 3 and 4 respectively R O sent to Brewer 5549 4989 54880 returned by Brewer In the above the R parameters ha
108. isplayed on the screen A glance at the screen will determine if the Brewer is operating as expected and any discrepancies should be noted and corrected END OF DAY PRINTOUT Look at the End of Day printout or D file if PD is used in ED and check especially the diagnostic tests and summary data MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 51 KIPP ZONEN SINCE 1 1 HG SUMMARY There should be no errors printed which might indicate a Micrometer positioning problems Check that there are no or few cases where it appears that the HG required multiple attempts do complete a successful calibration Note the Intensity and watch for trends in intensity increasing or decreasing 2 SL SUMMARY Note the R5 and R6 ratios and the F1 intensity and watch especially for sudden changes that could indicate a malfunction Gradual changes over time are to be expected Make a plot or plot the SLOAVG file every week or two to look for deviations from the norm of the three parameters Changes in R5 and R6 are associated with changes in the Brewer performance which could be reflected in errors in the SO 3 RS TEST RUN STOP ratios for wavelength 0 and 2 6 should be 1 000 0 003 If larger deviations are found then confirm them to be repeatable before taking any corrective action 4 DT TEST The two summary values should be within a few 5 nanoseconds of the values given in the Final Test Record If larger deviations a
109. l appear on the computer screen but for this test only the lights on the Data Set need to be monitored e power indicator will remain on and in less than a minute the TD indicator of the Data Set will illuminate for a few seconds indicating that the COM Port is correct and that the computer has sent a RESET message Interrupt the Brewer program by pressing Ctri Break and at the GWBASIC prompt type SYSTEM and Enter this will return the computer to where it was prior to the Brewer program being launched Turn off Computer power BREWER COMPUTER INTEGRATION This section assumes that the Brewer Tracker and Computer Equipment have been individually set up and tested for startup operation Connect the Communications Cable to the Azimuth Tracker connector and connect the Data Set to the Computer COM port Attach the Green wire on the Computer end of the Communications Cable to a ground point on the Computer use a screw on the rear panel of the Computer Plug the AC Power Cable from the Azimuth Tracker into same Power Bar as are plugged the Computer and the Data Set power Ensure that the other end of the power cable is plugged into the connector under the Tracker and that the three cables are connected between the Tracker and the Brewer Turn Brewer and Tracker power ON Brewer and Tracker lights will illuminate activity will occur inside the Brewer indicating an initialization is in progress M
110. lamp irradiance files The input files are in units of raw counts per second the output files have units of W m nm or mW m nm Instructions 1 Create a test directory and copy RD UX from the uv lamp directory to the test directory 2 Copy the UL or XL file s that you wish to process to the test directory 3 Create a nnn directory in your test directory nnn is your Brewer number 4 Copy the appropriate UV response file into the nnn directory 5 Runthe RD UX program and follow the directions given 6 Alist of all scans is displayed and the user is asked to select the scans to be used 7 A single processed file will be prefixed by the letter P such as PXLJJJYY nnn If individual files for each scan were requested then individual files of the form PXLJJJSS nnn will be produced where SS is the sequence of the scan 8 The P file or files represent the irradiance of the lamp used UV DATA ANALYSIS PROGRAMS AB UVDAT EXE processes multiple UVJJJYY nnn files in a similar fashion to the UV RTN and the UVSUM RTN except that integrated results are tabulated along with data from the individual wavelengths AB UVDAT UVSUM RTN and UV RTN have UVA correction built into the weighting curves Calculated results represent both the UVB and UVA regions 290 400nm AB UVDAT creates two data files UVBJJJYY and DUVJJJYY for each UV file processed and appends to a third file UVOAVG Two action spectra Erythema and Diffey are
111. le Data is stored and analyzed in the same manner as in the manual or semi automated mode The Brewer is designed to recover from a power failure and will resume scheduled operation subject to the computer system recovery if the Brewer batch file has an automatic launch BREWER MKIII AZIMUTH TRACKER amp STAND ACCESSORY AC POWER FOR LAMP TESTING ETC 15m AC POWER CABLE 110V OR 220V 15m DATA CABLE TO COMPUTER Figure 1 1 Brewer System MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL ZONEN SINCE ee 2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Ki KIPP amp 2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The Brewer MKIII Spectrophotometer is an optical instrument designed to measure ground level intensities of the attenuated solar ultraviolet UV radiation The Brewer contains two modified Ebert 6 spectrometers each utilizing 3600 line mm holographic diffraction gratings operated in the first order The Brewer is designed for continuous outdoor operation and is therefore housed in a durable weatherproof shell which protects the finely tuned internal components The instrument operates reliably and accurately over a wide range of ambient temperature and humidity conditions Following is a brief description of the the major mechanical optical and electronic assemblies which make up the basic instrument A more complete description of the electronic assemblies is provided in the Brewer Maintenance Manual
112. litmask positions 2 6 are in the range 0 997 to 1 003 and if the ratio for dark count position 1 lies within the range 0 20 to 5 0 If the ratios fall outside the acceptance range there may be problems with either the slitmask alignment the slitmask motor power supply or drive circuitry or an improper motor timing constant may have been stored in the instrument Constants File refer back to the slitmask motor timing test SH Normal operational ratios R1 R6 are printed out in the last two lines so that ratios in the dynamic RUN and static STOP modes can be compared DT PHOTOMULTIPLIER DEADTIME TEST The DT test measures the deadtime of the photomultiplier and photon counting circuitry This test takes readings at four slitmask positions Slitmask Position Description BASIC Variable 1 Darkcount F 1 3 Wavelength 2 F 3 5 Wavelength 4 F 5 7 Wavelength 2 amp 4 F 7 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 99 KIPP amp ZONEN APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS Position 7 allows simultaneous observation through slits 3 and 5 Dark count corrected counts are stored in the BASIC F array refer to the Preliminary Data Reduction document for details The following algorithm is used to derive a value for instrument deadtime Assume Poisson statistics N 2Ne t 1 N No N where N is the true count rate counts sec N is the observed count rate t is the deadtime sec The BASIC variable T1 is used for 1 Asa fi
113. local day a set of summary records is produced see ED and the schedule waits for the beginning of the next day and the schedule starts again See also Section 8 and the SE and SK commands Standard Lamp Test SL initiates the most important quality assurance test in the Brewer commend set This test essentially performs an ozone measurement using an internal quartz halogen lamp as the source The test should be run at least at the start and end of the day and should be preceded by an hp and an hg The values of R5 R6 and F1 should be monitored carefully and any changes should be noted and investigated For the SL test the iris is opened FW 1 is set to position 1 and FW 2 is set to position 0 See also Appendix F for details on the test SLSUM Standard Lamp Summary SLSUM reads the daily Data B file and prints out the summary results of the day s SL tests In addition entries are made in the SLOAVG nnn file The SLSUM command is usually invoked as part of the ED command See Appendix A for an example of the SL average files MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP amp SR SS ST SUM TE TI TT 4 BREWER COMMANDS Azimuth Tracker Steps Per Revolution SR initiates a test that determines the number of motor steps required for one complete revolution 360 of the Azimuth Tracker The tracker is first zeroed in the counter clockwise direction and a discrepancy between where the software thought it was a
114. m Slits length 5 08 mm width 3 0 589 mm width 3 0 632 mm EX 2 Exit slit plate dia 26 37 mm thk 0 10 mm Slit length 5 08 mm width 0 632 mm FW 1 Filterwheel 1 made from aluminum gear material with two ground G1 quartz disk dia 25 4 mm width 1 59 mm and film polarizer dia 25 4 mm width 1 59 mm FW 2 Filterwheel 2 made from aluminum gear material with 5 neutral density filters each with dia 25 4 mm width 1 59 mm attenuations 0 5 1 0 2 0 2 5 decades prepared from G1 quartz blanks GR 1 2 Grating 3600 line mm holographic plane reflectance dia 50 mm thickness 10 mm Jobin Yvon HL 1 Tungsten halogen lamp 12 V 20 W Osram 64425 mounting Amel Socket for 28 8341 light source IR 1 Iris diaphragm aperture range 2 to 12 mm Edmund Scientific catalogue 40997 LE 1 Lens double convex G1 quartz focal length 25 4 mm dia 25 4 mm LE 2 Lens plano convex G1 quartz focal length 76 2 mm dia 25 4 mm LE 3 Lens plano convex G1 quartz focal length 50 8 mm dia 25 4 mm LE 4 Lens plano convex G1 quartz focal length 76 2 mm dia 25 4 mm LE 5 6 Correction lens G1 quartz dia 25 4 mm radius 1 170 0 mm convex oylindrical radius 2 230 0 mm concave spherical coating magnesium fluoride LE 7 Fabry lens double convex G1 quartz dia 38 1 mm focal length 38 1 mm MI 1 2 Micrometer metric Starrett 463 MP 13 mm head EDP 52444 ML 1 Mercury lamp GTL3 Germicidal 12 V 4W Mounting E17 Edison Interm
115. m gt of the circumstances in which this message was generated name Enum type mismatch Please notify KIPP amp ZONEN lt info holland kippzonen com gt of the circumstances in which this message was generated name Hash table too full Please notify KIPP amp ZONEN lt info holland kippzonen com gt of the circumstances in which this message was generated name Symbol not found Please notify KIPP amp ZONEN lt info holland kippzonen com gt of the circumstances in which this message was generated A command used only by one mode was entered in another mode Please notify KIPP amp ZONEN lt info holland kippzonen com gt of the circumstances in which this message was generated Analog initialization timed out During initialization the circuitry used to read analog input channels failed to initialize properly Attempt to exceed max boundary An M command was issued to a position beyond the highest in the range of the motor Instead it was moved to the highest legal position Attempt to exceed min boundary An M command was issued to a position beyond the lowest in the range of the motor Instead it was moved to the lowest legal position Bad command no config variables A command was issued which required configuration when no configuration was loaded The subsequent message indicates the command If the instrument is in Cosmac mode at the time it also responds immediately with Sorry need configuration var
116. mally valid for Tepid resets as well lt restartTime gt The first time read from the clock after the initialization started e g just after power up This time may be incorrect on a cold start lt tepidResetCount gt The number of tepid resets attempted since the last successful initialization lt warmResetCount gt Please notify KIPP amp ZONEN lt info holland kippzonen com gt of the circumstances The number of warm resets attempted since the last successful initialization Resetting zero position illegal here When several motors are told to move simultaneously none may move to a ve step position thereby resetting the actual position of 0 The subsequent message indicates the command which contains the error Second Flash operation attempted while one in progress in which this message was generated Unknown RCommand state called Please notify KIPP amp ZONEN lt info holland kippzonen com gt of the circumstances in which this message was generated 130 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL Te KIPP x ZONEN APPENDIX J BREWCMD EXE APPENDIX J BREWCMD EXE The BrewCMD is a low level utility program to facilitate sending commands to and displaying responses from the Brewer Hence it can be used for simple operation tasks There are two versions of BrewCMD available 1 BrewCMD exe This version is a DOS based program and works fine with platforms such as W95 and W98 which are the most common platforms to oper
117. meter 2 nominal setting is 6 1 5mm there are 576 steps mm wavelength change of 0 006nm step positive steps increase wavelength and decrease micrometer setting 11 Slit Mask slit O HG 303 2 426 4 nm M 11 xxxx dark count NOTE R 0 6 2 0 A slit 1 306 3 431 4 nm gives a real time slit 2 310 1 437 3 nm listing of the registers slit 3 313 5 442 8 nm from 0 to 6 press slit 4 316 8 448 1 nm lt lt delete gt gt to stop slit 5 320 1 453 2 nm dead time 5 Filterwheel 2 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 125 ZONEN SINCE 1830 Ki KIPP amp 126 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL KIPP amp ZONEN BUE Ke APPENDIX FIRMWARE LOG APPENDIX I FIRMWARE LOG Messages appearing in the Instrument Log accessed using the RL command have the following format yyyy ddd hh mm ss message part 1 gt yyyy ddd hh mm ss message part 2 yyyy ddd hh mm ss message part n The yyyy ddd hh mm ss identifies the time on the instrument clock at the time when the message was recorded The possible values of message part 1 are given below Usually there is only the message part 1 gt name Bad arraySpacing AddVectors Please notify KIPP amp ZONEN lt info holland kippzonen com gt of the circumstances in which this message was generated name Can t add preexisting symbol Please notify KIPP amp ZONEN lt info holland kippzonen co
118. mp current A 0 00 1 57 15 Std lamp voltage V 0 00 10 00 16 Mer lamp current A 0 00 0 36 17 Mer lamp voltage V 0 00 11 46 18 External 1 V 0 07 1 36 19 External 2 V 0 05 0 70 20 External 3 V 1 19 1 19 21 Humidity g m3 3 74 3 74 22 External 4 V 0 02 0 12 23 External 5 V 0 03 0 13 72 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL Te KIPP x ZONEN SINGE T220 APPENDIXA BREWER DATA FILES PO Values The PO command generates the following MKIII BREWER INSTRUMENT 159 01 05 1998 17 02 42 kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk Ozone Values 1 2 3 4 5 hg kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk Wavelength 306 289 310 035 313 486 316 787 319 978 303 184 Temp Coeff 0 0000 0 2473 0 6914 0 6902 1 2794 0 0000 Disp Coeff 1 2856 960 2896 561 2933 527 2968 578 3003 310 823 907 Disp Coeff 2 0 076746 0 076004 0 075101 0 074407 0 073260 0 077476 Disp Coeff 3 0 725E 6 0 739E 6 0 734E 6 0 751E 6 0 707E 6 0 726E 6 kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk ETC Values 1690 SO 215 O Absn Coeffs 0 3446 SO 1 1533 SO Absn Coeffs 0 SO 2 3500 Micrometer steps deg 0 00 WL cal step number 286 Micrometer Zero 2469 Umkehr offset 1688 Iris Open Steps 250 Zenith steps rev 2972 Micrometer 1 Offset O 0 Micrometer 2 Offset 0 Grating Slope 1 Grating In
119. must be obtained from KIPP amp ZONEN prior to the return of any equipment or parts thereof Returned material is to be turned to the factory or other location as may be directed by KIPP amp ZONEN freight prepaid and will be returned freight prepaid KIPP amp ZONEN is not responsible for any transportation insurance demurrage brokerage duties or councillor charges etc This warranty is given to the original purchaser and may not be transferred without direct written consent of KIPP amp ZONEN Should an extended warranty be purchased then the aforementioned in its entirety is applicable for the entire period of time covered by said extended warranty 48 KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE 1830 749 KIPP gt ZOMEM SINCE 1 Recommendations by Environment Canada Mark III Brewer Ozone Spectrophotometers are recommended by Environment Canada EC as the significantly superior model of Brewer instrument with which to measure ozone in the ultraviolet UV region of the spectrum EC strongly discourages the use of other models of the Brewer instrument for the measurement of ultraviolet radiation or ozone in the UV because of the much poorer stray light performance of the single monochromator versions of the instrument 48 KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE 1830 n KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE 1830 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW e ha venae di nate en ideae niece a deu dura 7 2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION etd aa D g
120. n the iris is opened and the tracker is pointed toward the sun The UV spectrum is scanned and the data is appended to a UVJJJYY nnn data file When scanning is complete a calculation of the UVB UVA McKinley Diffey weighted irradiance is computed output to the printer and to the monitor screen and appended to the DUVJJJYY nnn data file See also Appendix A WO0 W4 Time delays XL These five commands result in time delays of 1 5 10 20 and 30 minutes respectively and can be used in command strings or in schedules Extended External Lamp Scan XL is a test command that results in an extended UV scan being performed with a Lamp rather than the sky as the source of radiation The zenith prism is rotated to the UV dome FW 2 is set to the 1 position FW 1 is set to the 3 position the iris is opened and the Tracker is rotated to the sun The operator is asked for lamp number and lamp diffuser separation and the radiation intensity is measured in 0 5nm increments over the extended UV range Data is sampled for 30 cycle time increments through slit 1 for wavelengths less than 300nm and 20 cycle time increments through slit 5 for higher wavelengths Data is stored in an XLJJJYY nnn file and is normalised to 1 cycle observations See also Appendix A MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 47 KIPP amp ZON SINC 48 1 ZB ZC ZS Zenith Sky Observations ZE ZB ZC and ZS are variations of the same command and are used
121. n Table 2 4 The axis of the cylinder is attached to the shaft of a stepper motor The mask is aligned with the exit slits by adjusting the vertical position of the motor and adjusting the horizontal position of the cylinder on the motor shaft By rotating the slit mask each of the mask slots aligns with a corresponding slit in the exit plane effectively selecting a single wavelength During an HG test the first slot in the slit mask aligns with the Hg calibration slit in the exit plane Table 2 4 slit mask position vs nominal wavelength Slit Mask Position UV Wavelength Setting nm 0 Hg Slit 303 2nm Cal 302 1 1 Dark Count 2 Wavelength 1 306 3 3 Wavelength 2 310 1 4 Wavelength 3 313 5 5 Wavelength 4 316 8 6 Wavelength 5 320 1 7 Wavelength 2 amp 4 for Deadtime Test SLITMASK MOTOR HG CALIBRATION SLIT SLITMASK EXIT SLIT 1 Figure 2 6 Slit Mask Assembly MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP SONEN 2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Photomultiplier Detector PMT Light passing through the exit slits is collected on the cathode of a low noise PMT detector PM 1 The photon pulses are amplified discriminated and divided by 4 before being transmitted to a counter The resulting photon count is registered in one of six wavelength channels Radiation through the exit slits is focused onto the cathode of the PMT by a 38 1 mm focal length quartz Fabry lens LE 6 The cathode of the PMT is located at
122. n then be slid to the left and taken from its holder and replaced with a 3v Lithium Battery KIPP amp ZONEN partno 75 01 020 Following replacement the jumper must be replaced the panel put back on and the Brewer given a cold start MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL Ta KIPP amp ZONEN 6 UV STABILITY CHECK QL 6 UV STABILITY CHECK QL Objective To verify the instrument stability for UV measurements with the optional BA C126 UV Stability Kit The stability kit contains five 50W quartz envelope UV lamps Recommended Frequency of Check Approximately once every two weeks Limitation The UV calibration check procedure assumes KIPP amp ZONEN S portable UV lamp assembly BA C126 is to be used This assembly is intended for monitoring instrument stability and NOT to give an absolute responsivity calibration It is recommended that a NIST traceable 1000W lamp operated at 50 cm distance from the Teflon diffuser be used for absolute calibration Lamp Set up 1 Ensure the UV Dome is clean This may be achieved by using a lint free soft cloth or tissue Kim Wipes and clean water or a mild cleaner Windex isopropyl alcohol distilled water 2 When facing the front of the Brewer position the Lamp Housing on top of the UV quartz dome with the nylon legs snug up against the left edge of the Brewer cover Slide the lamp housing left and the nylon legs right and tighten the legs to ensure lateral repeatability 3 Sele
123. nd where the zero reference was found is output The Tracker is then moved a full revolution clockwise and the total number of steps required for this movement is output and the operator is given an opportunity to save the new value A progressive change of value over time may suggest that Tracker maintenance is required See Appendix F Tracker maintenance is covered in Section 5 Direct Sun UV Scan SS results in the Brewer performing a UV scan of the sun through the quartz window The scan is in 0 5nm steps over the range 290nm to 363nm Data is stored in a SSJJJYY nnn file No response file is available for this mode of UV scanning See also Appendix A Status and Control ST permits the operator to switch the Brewer s internal lamps off and on and to control all Brewer stepper motors except the Slit Mask Motor Summary Data File SUM reads the daily raw data BJJJYY nnn file and generates a new SJJJYY nnn file which contains only data summary information In addition Umkehr data is processed and put into a separate UJJJYY nnn file The SUM command and the various summary printout commands are generally performed at local midnight as part of the ED command Temperature Printout TE results in the Brewer temperature Thermistor 1 in degrees Celsius along with its equivalent 0 to 5 00v voltage to be printed If the Brewer has a moisture sensor option the moisture in grams m is also printed or displayed See also
124. ndix A for the format of the CIJJJYY NNN file The Cl command requires operator input Comments CO allows the operator to enter a comment up to 75 characters into the Brewer data file This command is useful to record information about a measurement current weather sky conditions and so on This command requires operator input Command Sequence CS is similar to a command line entry at the cm gt __ prompt The operator may enter a sequence of commands to be executed followed by an integer which indicates the number of times the sequence is to be repeated This command requires operator input Slitmask Cycles The default value for slitmask cycling for most observations is 20 The CY command may be used to increase or decrease this number if better statistics or a faster measurement with degraded statistics is desired This command requires operator input Custom Scan CZ allows the operator to define a custom scan Sources may be one of the internal lamps the UV port or the quartz window The scan may be over any wavelength range within the Brewer s UV scan limits have any wavelength increment and use any filterwheel combination This command requires operator input Data is stored in a CZJJJYY nnn file See also Appendix A MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 37 KIPP amp ZON 38 NCE 1 DA DD DDP DDS DI DS DSP EN Date Set The Brewer ephemeris requires GMT both date and time for proper operation
125. nes TE and AP Refer to the operators manual for specific use of these routines Model IH 3605B Channel 189 File 98080318 Wafer thunder MRP thunder Pin3 5 VOLTS PRECISION SUPPLY 2 E SIGNAL OUTPUT Pin 1 NEGATIVE or POWER COMMON HYCAL Sensing Products Linear output for 2 RH accy 25C Honeywell Inc Zero offset 0 868 V 9C Founders Blvd Slope 28 981 mV EI Paso TX 79906 RH Vout 0 868 0 290 Calculated Values at 5V Radiometric response for 0 to 100 RH Vout 0 0 868 75 3 3 050 Vout Vsupply 0 1736 to 0 7533 NaCl solution is 75 3 the measured relative humidity is MgCl solution is 32 8 the measured relative humidity is LiCl_solution is 11 3 the measured relative humidity using is Dry nitrogen solution is 0 the measured relative humidity is 108 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL Ki KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE ee APPENDIX G PRELIMINARY DATA REDUCTION APPENDIX G PRELIMINARY DATA REDUCTION This section describes how the Brewer software processes the raw photon count data to determine ozone and sulphur dioxide S02 column amounts Seven of the two character menu commands SL SC DS ZB ZC ZP M access a common suite of data reduction algorithms as shown in figure G 1 retrieve raw counts calculate O3 amp convert to count SO2 column rate amounts compensate for SL SC DS ZB dead time and temperature ZC ZP UM compensate for Rayleigh scattering DS onl
126. ngth calibration procedure is capable of measuring the wavelength setting with a precision of 0 0001 nm and of controlling the wavelength setting to 0 006 nm Between the spectrometers is a cylindrical mask which exposes only one wavelength slit at a time The mask is positioned by a stepper motor which cycles through all five operating wavelengths approximately once per second MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP ZONEN 2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Spectrometers Detailed Description Light enters the entrance slit and passes through a tilted lens LE 5 which corrects for the coma and astigmatic aberrations inherent in an Ebert system In the first spectrometer the light is collimated by a spherical mirror onto a diffraction grating where it is dispersed A second mirror reflection focuses the spectrum onto the focal plane of a slotted cylindrical slit mask positioned at the entrance of the second spectrometer Following wavelength selection by the slit mask the light passes through the second spectrometer where it is recombined and directed onto the exit slit plane Six exit slits are located along the focal plane at the appropriate wavelength positions Entrance and Exit Slit Plates The entrance slit and six exit slits ES 1 EX 1 are laser etched into 0 1 mm thick disks of hard shim steel One of the six exit slits slit 0 is used for wavelength calibration against the 302 nm group of mercury lines the other five are for intensity measurem
127. nts 15 hour that best represents the mean time for the mean zs daily ozone 76 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL KIPP amp ZONEN 830 APPENDIX A BREWER DATA FILES FZOAVG nnn 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 4 5 6 7 17897 326 3 11 3 1 1 2 31 77 192 17997 342 3 3 3 179 18097 323 6 2 9 2 9 0 9 9 55 190 1 Julian day 2 DS ozone 10 3 Standard deviation 11 4 DSSO 12 5 Standard deviation 13 6 Good Observations 14 T Total Observations 15 8 Harmonic mean of mu 16 9 Representative hour 17 RSOAVG nnn Stop Log 12 44 7 13 5 28 6 12 8 7 7 508 8 13 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 14 332 6 0 8 25 3 6 8 2 5 556 312 FZozone Standard deviation FZ SO Standard Deviation Good Observations Total Observations Harmonic mean of mu Representative hour Used to monitor the operation of the slitmask The values of colums 2 4 5 6 7 8 and 9 should be 140 003 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 08391 1 0006 1 1667 1 0003 9995 1 0005 9999 9991 9997 08491 1 0020 9024 9989 9994 1 0001 9992 9998 9996 1 dddyy 2 9 run stop ratio for slit mask positions 0 through 7 SCOAVG nnn Sun Scan Average File 1 1415 6 07590 1 971933 1 133 6 07991 1 889433 134 5 08791 1 804133 2 136 9 1 dddyy 6 2 temperature 7 3 8 4 neutral density filter used 9 5 maximum step of s
128. nu DI Schedule or menu indicator MDD 35 UMKNO2 SK Schedule name 82 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE APPENDIX CONFIGURATION FILES DCFJJJ nnn Dispersion constants The Dispersion Constants are used to calculate the ozone wavelength of the exit slits Example sss Named 20 36 Notued 1 j UMKSETUP nnn Umkehr setup file Example SXUNI4M DAT 2 STDTABS DAT O3TABLE DAT CQMS DAT 6 8 9 0 6760 0 3187 0 1490 0 0776 ozone coefficients for 039 STN TMO 7 3 6 11 12 1 10 8120 8 999 34 838 0 9 O debug file 4 CQMSDAT 1 1 0 0 0 6 7 1 4 Tables used in the calculation of Umkehrs 5 6 Ozone coefficients 7 This line has 7 parameters Minimum starting zenith angle Maximum starting zenith angle Minimum ending zenith angle Maximum ending zenith angle Output control flag Ozone scaling factor used with Dobson data Surface pressure of the station in mmHg 8 This line has 4 parameters 1 Station identifying number 3 digits 2 Parameter no longer used set to 1 3 Latitude of station used for first guess 4 Output control flag set to 0 9 Flag for debugging purposes only NOOR WD MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 83 KIPP amp 84 ZONEN UVRJJJYY nnn First column wavelength in Angstrom Second column is responsivity in counts mW m nm ZSFJJJYY nnn ZSFVAL Zenith Sky Constants Zenith Sky constants are
129. o bearings at one end of floating pushrods A conical MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 17 KIPP amp SINCE 1 depression with a tetrahedral corner at the other end of the pushrods locates a 60 degree cone mounted on the end of the grating lever arms The pushrods are secured between the micrometer shafts and lever arms by tension springs The material of the pushrods has been selected to minimize differential temperature effects The micrometers are rotated by stepper motors The motors drive two 10 tooth gears which are kinematically linked to 60 tooth gears on the micrometer shafts The drive shafts are coupled to the motor shafts with universal joints One motor step represents 0 006 nm on the exit slit plane Backlash of the micrometers and cross spring bearing systems have been measured at 0 002 nm The temperature range of operation for the stepper motors and micrometer adjustment is 16 to 40 C Slit Mask Assembly Refer to Table 2 4 and Figure 2 6 Located between the two spectrometers is a slotted cylindrical mask which may be located in one of eight positions Six of the eight positions allow light to enter one of the six exit slits The second mask position blocks light from all slits so that a dark count measurement can be made The eighth mask position exposes two of the exit slits so that the dead time of the photon counting system may be determined The correspondence between slit mask position and selected wavelength is summarized i
130. o move the slitmask number of seconds before the PMT window F closes that we should start to watch PMT float seconds Immediate window closely so we move the motor at the proper time 1 TIME float seconds Next time lamp The amount of time before the lamp will be is turned on automatically turned off LAMP CONV CURRENT conversion constant for lamp current as float amps Immediate measured at A D LAMP CONV VOLTAGE lamp float volts Immediate conversion constant for lamp voltage as measured at A D MODEL unsigned integer immediate the mark number of the brewer MOISTURE LIMIT float grams cubic an reset Permitted maximum in watermark recording meter of moisture content inside the Brewer MOTOR ADDRESS lt motorld gt Unsigned integer 0 11 Immediate Identifies the 751 used to talk to this motor MICROMOTOR TRACKERMOTOR STANDARDMOTOR SENSORLESSMOTOR MOTOR INITIAL motorld Signed integer steps Immediate Unsigned integer maximum absolute value of motor MOTORMASAGO paces 256 tick acceleration to be permitted maximum absolute value of rate of change of motor acceleration to be permitted inside a time slice The type of motor at this motorld and hence MOTOR CLASS lt motorid gt the algorithm used to initialize it Unsigned integer MOTOR MAX JERK lt motorld gt paces 256 tick o o o 5 5 3 d g a m 2 a 9 MOTOR MAX SEA
131. orption which are linear with wavelength In addition they are stabilized with respect to small wavelength calibration errors The second function is weighted to remove SO absorption effects These ratios are written to disk and printer DETERMINING O AND SO FROM DIRECT SUN DATA The amount MS11 is determined from the logarithms of the count rates for the four longer wavelengths MS lt MS Bl Al M2 where MS9 is the double ratio described in the previous section B1 is the extra terrestrial coefficient for the O3 wavelength combination instrument dependent A1 is the differential O3 absorption coefficient for the O3 wavelength combination instrument dependent M2 is the path lengthening factor for an ozone layer of height 22 km MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 111 KIPP ZONEN The 502 determination is slightly more complicated because of the correction needed due to MS B2 MS MS lt 8 1 2 3 2 2 where A2 is the ratio of the SO absorption coefficient to the absorption coefficient of the SO wavelength combination A2 is nominally set equal to 2 44 A3 is the differential O4 absorption coefficient for the SO wavelength combination instrument dependent B2 is the extra terrestrial coefficient for the SO wavelength combination instrument dependent DETERMINING O AND SO FROM ZENITH SKY DATA The determination of O4 and SO amounts from zenith sky data is accomplished through t
132. ory use or for use during an instrument recalibration MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL KIPP amp SONEN 4 BREWER COMMANDS DSSUM Direct Sun Data Summary DT ED DSSUM reads the daily Data B file and printouts out the summary of the day s DS measurements An entry is also made to the OZOAVGYY nnn file The DSSUM command is usually used as part of the ED command See also Appendix Dead Time Measurement Dead Time is a measure of how long a photon counting circuit is dead or cannot count a second photon after a first photon has been detected This characteristic of counting circuits can lead to counting errors especially at high photon rates if not compensated for The DT command initiates a test for the measurement of the dead time of the Photon counting circuits of the Brewer The DT command is normally executed as part of the ED routine and the test results are recorded in the DTOAVG file Times differences of greater than 596 should be investigated The dead time for each instrument is manually record in the Instrument Constants File and can be seen on the PO command printout For this test the iris is closed FW 1 is put to position 1 Measurements are made at high intensities FW 2 0 and at low intensities FW 2 1 See Appendix F and Appendix End of Day At the end of each solar day solar midnight it is desirable to summarise sort and print out the results of the tests and observations taken the previous day
133. ousing Each wheel has six 25 4mm diameter holes spaced at 60 degree intervals Each hole can be selected to intersect the optical axis by rotating its filterwheel The filterwheels are rotated by two microprocessor controlled motors FW 1 contains one open hole 3 two film polarizers 0 and 5 a ground quartz disk 1 an opaque blank 2 and a second ground quartz disk combined with a neutral density filter 4 The ground quartz disk is used as a diffuser for direct sun and lamp measurements The opaque disk is used for dark count tests The film polarizer 0 is used for all zenith sky and Umkehr measurements This film polarizer is mounted such that its axis is perpedicular to the entrance slit The second film polarizer 5 is mounted such that its axis is parallel to the entrance slit It is presently used only for specialized research purposes The open position 3 is used for moon and UV observations The second ground quartz filter is used for operation on MKIV type Brewers FW 2 contains an open hole 0 and five neutral density filters providing ND 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 and 2 5 attenuation 1 through 5 This filterwheel is used to automatically adjust the light level entering the spectrometer AP 1 an 11 18mm fixed aperture located on the spectrometer side of the filterwheel housing limits the field of view of the spectrometer to f 6 Both Filterwheels have black markings which are visible
134. over a micrometer step number range of 50 to 280 as described earlier The photon count for each observation point is displayed on the screen You should observe a peaking trend as the micrometer passes through step position 150 sample number 15 When the micrometer has completed its there and back journey the program computes and displays the five correlation coefficients corresponding to attempted curve matchings between the measured spectrum and the internally stored reference spectrum at step positions 110 130 150 170 190 From these measurements the mercury calibration point is determined and printed in the following format Brewer Temp 29 C 3 66 V 190112 987 HG CALD AT STEP 298 47 SET TO STEP 286 9540 This report indicates that at 19 01 12 C U T Co ordinated Universal Time also known as GMT a maximum spectral matching correlation coefficient of 0 987 was obtained for an interpolated mercury calibration point of 298 47 The operational setting of the micrometer is arrived at by subtracting the offset retrieved from the instrument Constants File the offset is 12 in this case from 298 47 then truncating the result 9540 is the peak count across all 24 observation points The micrometer is automatically repositioned to the operational point step 286 in this case and the test ends Should the interpolated calibration point fall outside the 147 00 149 99 acceptance range the micrometer is automatically repositioned a
135. painted with an enamel for durability and to minimize radiative heating All machined aluminum parts in the spectrophotometer system are black anodized to minimize scattered light and provide a protective finish Mounted inside the Spectrophotometer is a cannister of desiccant which is designed to remove moisture from the air as the Brewer breathes with changes in temperature from night to day The desiccant is a self indicating type and can be conveniently removed without tools through the base of the instrument This cannister will NOT remove moisture from within the spectrophotometer and bags or trays of loose desiccant are usually used for this purpose Moisture Sensor As standard feature the spectrometer is fitted with a Moisture Sensor The sensor outputs the moisture content of the spectrophotometer housing in gm m and RH and can be used as an indication of moisture leakage problems or when internal desiccant requires changing Two humidity indicators are printed at the top of the Brewer screen the absolute humidity in grams m and a temperature weighted moisture index The moisture index is a relative number that indicates whether the desicant requires changing Consistent moisture index values of greater then 10 means that the desicant should be changed Heater Fan Assembly A heater circulating fan assembly is included as for in cases where it is desired to maintain constant temperature or good air mixing within the instr
136. printout of the instrument constants file An example of PO output values can be found in Appendix A Point to Zenith PZ results in the Zenith Prism being pointed to a Zenith angle of 0 straight upwards Quick Scan QS is used in conjunction with the UV Stability Check Kit and gives an indication of the stability of the instrument in the intensity measurement of UV over the range 290nm to 325nm MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP amp EM QL RE REP RS SA SC SE 4 BREWER COMMANDS When the equipment has been set up as per the instructions in Section of this manual and the QS command issued a report is generated which shows the stability of the instrument at 3 5nm increments using the first generated set of readings as a reference For the test the iris is opened FW 1 is set to position 3 and FW 2 is set to position 1 See Appendix A for the LAMP LLL nnn file and Section 6 for more on QS Lamp Quick Scan QL is a command based on the QS command The QL command measures at 12 wavelengths for MKII instruments and at 24 wavelengths for MKIII and MKIV Enhancements compared to the QS routine are that QL measures over the complete UV range for all Brewer types including on slit 5 The QL output file has corrected not raw intensities For the test the iris is opened FW 1 is set to position and FW 2 is set to position 1 See Appendix A for the LLL nnn file and Section 6 for more on QL Reset
137. r delay constants Observations are typically made over a range of 20 different values for the delay constant MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 95 KIPP amp SINCE 1 Method Send the PDHPHG command sequence to the Brewer wait for the tests to finish The SH command is entered to start the slitmask motor timing test The program prompts for the minimum maximum and increment for trial values of the delay constant Typical values are a minimum value of 2 a maximum of 30 and an increment of 2 After a five minute lamp warm up period the program performs a series of intensity measurements for each trial value of the timing constant then prints the measurements in tabular format The following information is contained in the printout DELAY CAL DARK WAVELENGTH 1 2 838674 162992 52984 4 1737756 32765 91539 6 1761988 15366 92076 8 1738607 10860 92448 10 1737768 7557 92828 12 1738031 480 93450 14 1737408 39 93100 16 1738864 37 93422 18 1738388 44 93318 20 1737191 28 93579 22 1738692 36 93580 24 1742088 40 93713 26 1737650 34 93666 28 1737937 32 93596 Dark Count versus Slitmask Delay should be plotted and compared to the plot shown in the Final Test Record The optimum slitmask delay time is that which minimizes the dark count typically this delay constant would lie within the range 10 to 16 For the table above the optimum delay constant is 14 The new delay constant should agree with the final test record value within an acceptance tol
138. r is housed in a weatherproof container constructed from two pieces a base to which all optical and electronic assemblies are anchored and a removable cover When the cover is fastened in place a weatherproof seal is formed between the top edge of the base and the bottom of the cover The dimensions of the assembled container are 70 x 46 x 34 cm The Brewer instrument control panel can be viewed through a perspex window in the top of the cover Viewing ports for both the iris and the spectrometer entrance slit are visible through this window In one corner of the cover is a 14cm deep 35 inclined surface A 6 35 cm by 14 cm hole has been cut from this surface to provide an opening which is properly positioned to pass direct sunlight or zenith skylight to the spectrophotometer This opening is covered by a quartz window QW 1 which is secured by a weatherproof seal Items enclosed by square brackets are references to the Selected Parts List Table 2 2 and Figure 2 5 Three circular weatherproof connectors are mounted on the side of the Brewer base below the weatherproof seal A six pin male connector marked AC POWER connects to the 120V or 240 V AC power supply A ten pin female connector marked COMPUTER carries the RS 422 data communication signals A ten pin male connector marked AZIMUTH carries motor control and monitor signals for the azimuth tracker All exposed surfaces of the spectrophotometer container and mechanical linkages are
139. r occupies exactly nine characters and the value is right justified and padded with spaces The last value in the list does not have a comma or space but a carriage return as expected MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP amp ZONEN APPENDIX COMPUTER BREWER INTERFACE TELETYPE Parameters The lt ci gt are photon counts in the range 0 to 16777215 one for each slitmask position measured in the most recent R command Example See section on the R command 10 PMT Reads a count using the PMT This command requires configuration variables Syntax PMT Response lt count gt The count value decimal number using ASCII characters is right justified and padded with spaces in a nine character string Parameters Parameter format meaning lt count gt 0 to 2241 the PMT count taken 11 R Measure the light intensity This command requires configuration variables The configuration variable sets up the slit positions to correspond to a motor step position Syntax R lt p1 gt lt p2 gt lt p3 gt Parameters lt p1 gt may take values from 0 to 7 lt p2 gt takes on values from lt p1 gt to 7 and lt p3 gt takes on values from 1 to 255 In response the Brewer measures the light intensity for each of the wavelength positions lt p1 gt thru lt p2 gt by running the slitmask from lt p1 gt to lt p2 gt and back accumulating the counts for each separate position This counts are accumulated for lt p3 gt repetit
140. rameters are not stored STEPS Determines the number of steps in a complete revolution of the azimuth tracker This command should always be immediately preceded by an 1 2 command and followed by a STEPS query This command requires configuration variables Syntax STEPS Example 1 2 Ensures that the motor or tracker position is accurately known STEPS Moves the motor or tracker exactly one revolution and records the number of steps required STEPS 17979 Reports that the most recent STEPS command discovered 17979 steps in a revolution T Retransmit the output from the most recent non null response Syntax T Response Depends on which of the commands was most recent Parameters The pi identify parameters being set the vi give the values to which they are being set The following table gives the permissible values for pi and the corresponding meaning for the vi Example T sent to Brewer 1996 302 13 10 22 All log items reported returned by Brewer The previous command string which in this case was a call to determine the lamp state was returned USECONFIG Restarts software using the configuration in RAM Syntax USECONFIG MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 119 KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE 17 V Set the baud rate and the flag which controls echoing Syntax V lt cps gt lt echo gt Parameters Parameter format Meaning lt cps gt byte one of 30 60 120 240 480 or 9
141. re found then confirm them to be repeatable before attempting any corrective action 5 HP TEST The test should be successful in one or two attempts If multiple attempts are required on a regular basis corrective action may be necessary 6 RESET The Reset portion of the printout gives values of Azimuth Zenith and Micrometers zeroing discrepancies Inspect these discrepancies and confirm that they are repeatable prior to attempting any corrective action 7 AP PRINTOUT Inspect the monitor values and look for consistent deviations and trends from the Final Test Record or from previous values 8 RL PRINTOUT The Log file printout should be inspected for any errors that the firmware detected or thought it detected If the errors persist then KIPP amp ZONEN should be consulted for advice 9 OBSERVATION DATA Data file summaries should be inspected to ensure that they are present and data should be reviewed as per instructions from the Scientific Authority for the Brewer station 52 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 748 KIPP amp ZONEN 5 ROUTINE OPERATIONS AND MINOR MAINTENANCE 5 2 WEEKLY TASKS There are a number of tasks which should be performed and results recorded at least weekly 1 Steps per Revolution Section 6 14 2 Solar Siting Section 7 5 3 INFREQUENT TASKS This section deals with true infrequent tasks as well as those that are more for the integrity of the data than for the operation of t
142. rizon 90 esposo 90 UV B angle UV B prism N zenith angle 90 to 180 4 standard lamp UV B Subassembly lt mercury lamp Figure 2 3 Zenith Prism Targets Table 2 3 Spectrometer Targets for Various Zenith Angles Zenith angle Object viewed by Spectrometer 0 to 90 Sky or sun 180 Calibration lamps 90 UV diffuser The prism is mounted in a retainer which rotates in a dual bearing system The prism is rotated by a microprocessor controlled zenith stepper motor thru a 270 degree rotation range limited by end stops This system provides the necessary hardware and electronics to enable the Spectrophotometer to track the sun or moon automatically in the Zenith angle Automated Zenith positioning is performed by driving the Zenith Prism with a stepper motor mounted on the front end of the foreoptics frame The zenith stepper motor is controlled by the Main Electronics board 12 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 749 KIPP gt ZONEN 2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Specifications of the Zenith Motor Resolution 0 13 Accuracy 24 hours 0 25 Angular range 0 270 Table 2 2 Optical Components of Brewer Spectrophotometer Identification Description AP 1 Fixed aperture 11 18 mm ES 1 Entrance slit plate dia 26 37 mm thk 0 10 mm Slit length 3 30 mm width 0 34 mm EX 1 Exit slit plate length 28 95 mm width 19 05 mm thk 0 10 m
143. rometer 2 is then moved relative to Micrometer 1 and is adjusted such that maximum intensity will occur an adjustment of more than 10 steps results in the test being repeated High Voltage Test The HV command invokes a test used to determine the optimum high voltage setting for the photomultiplier The HVSET command can then be used to set the High Voltage This test is normally used in the factory during the final set up stages of manufacture or in the field if it is suspected that the setting is not correct The Standard Lamp is turned on the iris is opened FW 1 is put to position 1 and FW 2 is set to position O See the HVSET command and Appendix F for more details on the HV test HVSET High Voltage Set up The HVSET command can be used to adjust for the optimum High Voltage as determined be the HV test Instrument Configuration File Update The IC command results in a display of the Instrument s current configuration and allows changes to be made by the operator See Appendix B for details of the configuration options available MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 41 KIPP amp ZON 42 NC LF LL NO NR Location File Update The LF command displays a list of some of the known locations of Brewer sites throughout the world The geographical co ordinates of the current site may be entered and or modified Location Update The LL command allows an operator to change the co ordinates of a Brewer location or for the sele
144. rs and out of site of the Computer room the setup will be done in two stages The Brewer will first be set up and tested in close proximity to the Computer and then it will be installed at its final location Before starting ensure that correct AC voltage is availabe as per the diagram in Figure 3 1 and Table 3 1 GROUND GRN HOT BLK NEUTRAL WHT Figure 3 1 AC Power Voltages Table 3 1 AC Power Connector Voltages measured voltages between 230VAC installations 120VAC installations ground amp neutral 0 VAC 0 VAC ground amp hot 240 VAC 120 VAC neutral amp hot 240 VAC 120 VAC REFER TO FIGURES 3 2 and 3 3 FOR THE FOLLOWING SETUP The complete Brewer Spectrometer system consists of the following e Spectrophotometer an Azimuth Tracker a Tripod Stand a Control and Data Logging Computer optionally from KIPP amp ZONEN a set of Interconnect Cables a set of Basic Spare Parts a set of Optional Spare Parts other Optional parts MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 23 KIPP r ZONEN SINCE 1830 BREWER MKIII AZIMUTH TRACKER amp STAND ACCESSORY AC POWER FOR LAMP TESTING ETC 15m AC POWER CABLE 110V OR 220V 15m DATA CABLE TO COMPUTER Figure 3 2 Brewer Equipment Setup 4 10 32 SCREWS FOR SECUR BREWER TO TRACKER 3 3 8 SCREWS FOR LEVELLII POWER SUPPLY BREWER OPTICS TRACKER POWER ON OFF SWITCH SAFETY SW
145. rst approximation set the true unknown count rates equal to the observed count rates lt F lt 2 Compute an estimate for deadtime 1 F T og F 3 Revise the estimates for the true count rates Fi lt Ej e 5 4 terate steps 2 and 3 until the value for T1 converges Deadtime measurements are made at both high and moderate light intensity levels by using two different neutral density filter settings positions O 1 for Filterwheel 2 five measurements are taken at the higher intensity ten at the lower intensity Method The command DT is issued Following the usual five minute lamp warm up and a further 10 minutes for test to run results will be printed in a format similar to the following FILTER 1 1 AND FILTER 72 0 GMT DEADTIME 191054 4 94288936E 08 191119 4 81299056E 08 191143 4 93662915E 08 191208 4 91343971E 08 191233 4 84666031E 08 48 705 6 100 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP ZONEN FILTER 1 1 AND FILTER 22 1 GMT DEADTIME 191424 4 48950597E 08 191449 4 58755779E 08 191513 4 49521729E 08 191538 4 67340357E 08 191603 4 49957964E 08 191627 4 81735377E 08 191652 4 55349271E 08 191716 4 51368558E 08 191741 4 53192958E 08 191805 4 58533414E 08 45 747 1 Following each block of measurements the deadtime mean and deadtime stand
146. ry spectrum This measured spectrum is compared with an internally stored reference spectrum to determine that step position which maximizes the correlation between the measured and stored spectra If this interpolated step number falls within the acceptance limits 147 00 149 99 the mercury spectrum is deemed to have been located and the micrometer is moved to its operational setting step number 286 3 or 13 3 micrometer steps below the mercury calibration point this small displacement is an instrument dependent constant known as the offset stored in the instrument Constants File and is determined by the SC test If however the mercury calibration point falls outside the acceptance range the micrometer is reset to the newly calibrated step number and the test repeated Iterations continue until the calibration point converges correctly MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 101 KIPP amp ZONEN NCE 183 APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS Method The command HG is issued The program will read and display the current Brewer temperature and a checklist of required foreoptic settings will then be displayed kkk kkk measurement procedure check 1 filter 1 to position 1 2 filter 2 to position 0 3 open iris 4 rotate director prism to lamps press return when ready These controllable elements will be set automatically After a five minute lamp warm up period the program will perform a series of intensity measurements
147. s into the optical path opening and closing a field of view defining iris provides an RS 422C communications link to an external computer The microprocessor is programmed to accept commands from the external Computer execute the commands and return results to the Computer An IBM compatible computer is used as the control console to facilitate programmed command sequencing as well as automatic data logging and processing Raw data is recorded on hard disk drive and real time results may be printed on hard copy or printed to disk for later printing The major electronic subsystems of the instrument are e Main power supply e Main Electronics board carries control program Flash EPROMSs and a serial communications interface which runs at 1200 baud bits per second and provides the following functions e Input Output Interface on off control of the calibration lamps drives the wavelengh micrometer stepper motor and slit mask stepper motor e Photon Counter accumulates the amplified and scaled photon counts from the Pulse Amplifier and transfers these counts to the microprocessor e Clock Calendar a real time clock calendar which with the RAM has battery protection e Analog to Digital A D conversion 24 single ended 10 bit A D channels for monitoring instrument voltages currents temperatures and moisture MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 19 KIPP amp ZONEN NCE 1 e Pulse Amplifier mounted in close proximity to t
148. s of a large number of time coincident direct sun observations made by the two instruments MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 105 KIPP amp ZONEN SUNRE Curt APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS Method The method by which direct sun and SO values are derived from the raw photon counts at the five operational wavelengths is outlined in sections 2 and 3 of Preliminary Data Reduction After corrections for dark count deadtime Rayleigh scattering and instrument temperature have been applied the O3 and SO MS 11 and MS 10 values are calculated using the following formulae MS 9 Al M2 MSQ0 UE 42 A3 M2 8 11 lt MS 1 D where MS 8 is the weighted double ratio for SO MS 9 is the weighted double ratio for O3 A1 is the differential absorption coefficient for the O ratio B1 is the extraterrestrial constant for the ratio A2 is the relative SO to absorption for the SO ratio 2 44 is the differential absorption coefficient for the SO ratio B2 is the extraterrestrial constant for the SO ratio M2 is the airmass also referred to as MU The method to determine the four instrument dependent values A1 B1 A3 B2 for a particular instrument via the Inter Comparison Calibration procedure is outlined below Many simultaneous direct sun measurements at least 40 are made with both the instrument to be calibrated and a reference instrument Measurements should be taken over a wide
149. s printed Form Feed FF results in a Form Feed on the printer MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 39 KIPP amp ZON 40 NI FM EN Focused Moon Observation FM results an observation to be taken with the moon as the radiation source The Brewer Zenith Prism and Azimuth Tracker are oriented to the moon the Iris is opened FW 1 is rotated to the position and FW 2 is adjusted for maximum intensity starting at position 2 Data is recorded on disk and is printed as previously determined by PN PD and PF commands An FM observation consists of five sets of 80 cycles of the slit mask a measurement each cycle taking a reading for 2 0 14 seconds on each wavelength Intensity data for six wavelengths and the dark count from the five measurements is recorded The Azimuth and Zenith positions are updated after each measurement After each measurement is calculated and after the final measurement all data is processed resulting in a single summary set for the total observation An FM measurement takes approximately 15 minutes to complete Note that FM observations are not valid for ZA gt 75 and the message Waiting for the Moon to Rise above ZA 75 may appear prior to this angle condition being met See also Appendix FMSUM Focus Moon Data Summary FR FZ FMSUM results in the daily Summary S file being read and a printout of the summary results of the day s FM measurements being made An entry is also made to
150. sse een ennemis 87 APPENDIX D i Mojsisiziuizi nm 89 APPENDIX E UMKEHR PROCESSING sse ener erret ennenerrerrrnn nnns 91 KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE 1830 APPENDIX F FACTORY TES c D M 95 Setup and Calibration Tests cc t vaca 95 SH Shutter Motor Slitmask Motor Timing Test ene 95 HV High Voltage Test ssssssssssssesseseneenne eene enne nennen nnns 96 RS Slitmask Motor Run Stop Test sssssssssssssssee eene enne 99 DT Photomultiplier Deadtime 99 HG Mercury Line Wavelength Calibration eese emen 101 SL Standard Lamp nennen nnne ern n 102 IL TB C RR 103 SC Scan Test on Direct 105 Instrument Inter Comparison Calibration ssssssssssseseeeeeeemenene nennen 105 AZ Zero the Azimuth n nennen nennen nnns 106 SR Azimuth Tracker Steps per Revolution Calibration 107 The Humidity Sensor Test nennen ennemis nennen nnne 108 APPENDIX G PRELIMINARY DATA REDUCTION sssssseeeenem mene 109 Converting Raw Counts to Light Intensi
151. st row scan weighted Diffey UV mW m DUVJJJYY nnn produced from UV scans by AB UVDAT EXE First column decimal hours from 00 00 GMT Row 1 column 2 daily weighted Erythema UV Jim Row 1 column 3 daily weighted Diffey UV J m Remainder of column 2 scan weighted Erythema UV mW m Remainder of column 3 scan weighted Diffey UV mW m 78 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 748 KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE eS APPENDIX BREWER DATA FILES LAMP_LLL nnn Lamp File The Lamp file is created at the factory by an initial Quick Scan Subsequent QS scans append data to LAMP_LLL nnn using the first line as a reference 1 2 3 4 Distance from lamp filament to teflon diffuser pmt temperature 5 15 Intensities at 11 wavelengths 1 2 3 pmt temperature 4 QL LLL nnn Lamp File The Lamp file is created at the factory by an initial Quick Lamp Scan Subsequent QL scans append data to LLL nnn using the first line as a reference Column Description 1 Total amount of wavelengths measured 2 Julian date 3 Distance from lamp filament to teflon diffuser 4 pmt temperature 5 Dark count 6 Average percentage deviation compared to top reference measurement 7 30 Corrected intensities at 12 wavelengths for MKII 31 Time scan finished for MKII 7 54 Corrected intensities at 24 wavelengths for MKIII and MKIV 55 Time scan finished for MKIII and MKIV LAMPLL
152. sts all of the Brewer electromechanical subsystems should be thoroughly exercised and any malfunction corrected The PRFILE BAT program is used to process the data and determine the temperature coefficients for the brewer MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 103 KIPP amp ZONEN NCE 1 APPENDIX F FACTORY TESTS Method The instrument is placed in a chamber where the ambient temperature is set to values between 10 and 35 C These temperature settings cause the internal Brewer temperature monitor to register between approximately 5 and 40 C The temperature is set for 2 hours at 35 C and then gradually lowered by approximately 1 1 C per hour taking approximately 50 hours in total A typical command sequence send to the Brewer during this test period is PDFR HP HGSLSLDTRSAPW2TE100 The HP command is left out for single monochromator brewers After the Brewer has performed the above test sequence over the whole temperature range the data is first analysed for operational failures and discrepancies Special attention is given to the AP voltages the oavg files and the HG wavelength calibration postion right after the FR Use the five F values at all the Brewer temperature settings to determine the five temperature response coefficients in the following five equations F E TC i T i 2 to6 where F i are the scaled corrected count rates for slit positions 2 to 6 Fo i F i at 0 C TC i is the temperature response
153. t Client le reste votre enti re disposition pour tout probl me de maintenance r paration ou d talonnage ainsi que pour les accessoires et pi ces de rechange Nuestro servicio de atenci n al cliente esta a su disposici n para cualquier actuaci n de mantenimiento reparaci n calibraci n y suministro de repuestos HEAD OFFICE Kipp amp Zonen B V Delftechpark 36 2628 XH Delft P O Box 507 2600 AM Delft The Netherlands SALES OFFICES Kipp amp Zonen France S A R L 88 Avenue de l Europe 77184 Emerainville France Kipp amp Zonen Asia Pacific Pte Ltd 10 Ubi Crescent Lobby E 02 93 Ubi Techpark Singapore 408564 Kipp amp Zonen USA Inc 125 Wilbur Place Bohemia NY 11716 United States of America T 31 0 15 2755 210 info kippzonen com www kippzonen com T 33 0 1 64 02 50 28 F 33 0 1 64 02 50 29 kipp france kippzonen com T 65 0 6748 4700 F 65 0 6748 6098 kipp singapore kippzonen com T 0 631 589 2065 F 1 0 631589 2068 kipp usa kippzonen com SALES OFFICE GERMANY and SWITZERLAND Nengenhach Messtechnik Gengenbach Messtechnik e K Heinrich Otto StraBe D 73262 Reichenbach Fils 49 0 7153 9258 0 F 49 0 7153 9258 160 info rg messtechnik de www rg messtechnik de Passion for Precision
154. t info holland kippzonen com gt of the circumstances in which this message was generated Motor number Movement attempted with too large a jerk Please notify KIPP amp ZONEN lt info holland kippzonen com gt of the circumstances in which this message was generated Motor lt number gt Movement attempted with too large an acceleration Please notify KIPP amp ZONEN lt info holland kippzonen com gt of the circumstances in which this message was generated Motor lt number gt Movement attempted with too large a velocity If this error persists for the given motor please notify KIPP amp ZONEN lt info holland kippzonen com gt of the circumstances in which this message was generated Motor number time allotted lt ss gt seconds for motor movement has expired Motor stopped The value ss comes from the MOTOR TIME OUT configuration parameter New value set for watermark lt nameOfWatermark gt lt latestMark gt lt unitsOfWatermark gt The indicated watermark value has been changed to lt latestMark gt The possible watermarks are identified in Appendix H No Flash config segment in Flash to copy into RAM upon initialization Attempt to initialize when no configuration information had been loaded yet This message is normal as part of the process of loading new firmware Parallel command operation not supported A command was issued which requested that two operations run in parallel when that is not legal The su
155. t the truncated calibration minus the offset and the test is repeated until the interpolated calibration point lies between 147 and 150 Asample printout for an HG test which converged in two iterations is shown below the offset for this instrument is 10 steps BREWER TEMP 26 3 52 V 103409 9919 HG CALD AT STEP 296 1 SET TO STEP 286 60871 103651 9927 HG CALD AT STEP 287 0 SET TO STEP 286 61019 SL STANDARD LAMP TEST The SL test is a general quality assurance examination of Brewer performance across the full range of operational wavelengths An internal well regulated quartz halogen standard lamp is used as the light source This source produces a continuous light spectrum unlike the mercury lamp which emits discrete wavelengths which is stable and consistently reproducible This test should be run on a regular basis e g twice daily to establish a set of instrument performance records 102 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP SONEN Method Type SL The test runs through the same temperature and foreoptic positioning procedures described in HG then waits the obligatory five minutes for the quartz halogen lamp to warm up The program then conducts seven measurement runs over the dark count channel and the five operational wavelength channels Each run cycles the slitmask through 20 oscillations accumulating the photon counts in the BASIC one dimensional F array described under Preliminary Data Reduction
156. ta required for this calculation includes the geographic co ordinates of the site the GMT time and GMT date These angles are further processed by the software and positioning commands are sent to the Zenith Drive system and to the Azumith Tracker 2 2 1 Zenith Positioning System The Zenith positioning system is attached to the front end of the Foreoptics and was described in detail in Section 2 1 1 2 2 2 Azimuth Positioning System Refer to Figure 3 3 and Figure 5 2 The Azimuth Tracker is an all weather positioning pedestal comprised of a weatherproof chassis which houses a stepper motor drive electronics and a gearing mechanism The tracker chassis is mounted on a Tripod assembly and is levelled by means of adjustments on each tripod leg Between the Spectrophotometer and the Tracker is a control cable which carries positioning commands from the Brewer electronics The positioning commands are input to a motor driver which provides drive for a stepper motor As the motor rotates it turns a stainless steel vertical shaft which in a friction contact rotates an aluminum plate fixed to the rotational body of the tracker The Tracker is fitted with an optical sensor which is used as a reference point and a Safety Switch which removes power to the motor in the event that a failure occurs in the reference sensing system The Tracker is fitted with its own power supply and power switch 20 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL KIPP amp T
157. tated to the sun The operator is asked for lamp number and lamp diffuser separation and the radiation intensity is measured in 1 5nm increments over the UVB range Data is stored in a ULJJJYY nnn file See also Appendix A UV B Observation UV results in the irradiance over the region of the spectrum to be measured The zenith prism is rotated to the UV dome FW 2 is set to the 1 position FW 1 is set to the 3 position the iris is opened and the tracker is pointed toward the sun The UV spectrum is then scanned in steps of 0 5nm from 290nm to 325nm and then back to 290 nm The data is appended to a UVJJJYY nnn data file When scanning is complete a calculation of the UVB UVA McKinley Diffey weighted irradiance is computed sent to the printer and to the monitor screen and appended to the DUVJJJYY nnn data file A correction is made to the Diffey action spectrum to include the effects of the UVA region 325 400nm UVSUM UV Data Summary UX This command initiates activity which processes and prints the daily summary of all UV measurements made during that day DUV values are also calculated for each measurement and data is appended to the UVOAVG nnn file See also Appendix A Extended UV Wavelength Scan UX causes the irradiance over the 286 5nm to 363nm range to be measured in 0 5nm increments in ascending wavelength The zenith prism is rotated to the UV dome FW 2 is set to the 1 position FW 1 is set to the 0 positio
158. tatus that is indexed bit is on if the switch see lt trackerSwitch is currently pressed These are debounced values TTY mode echo character ASCII code TTY FILL COUNT integer count 0 255 FILL CH TTY echo character padding count EE Version information and design date for the firmware info is one of YEAR MONTH DAY VERS REL 124 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 748 KIPP amp ZONEN SINCE 1830 APPENDIX COMPUTER BREWER INTERFACE TELETYPE Examples MOTOR POS IRIS reports the current position in half step units of the iris motor ISUPPLY VOLTAGE HIGH 5V 5 00 resets the upper voltage watermark to the nominal value for the 5 volt supply Motor positions for instrument control Motor amp Name Step Position CommandString 1 Zenith Prism pointing at standard lamp internal pointing at zenith sky external pointing at UVB port external 2 Azimuth Tracker reference direction North reference direction 1 full turn CW from step 0 3 Iris iris fully closed M 3 0 iris fully open M 3 75 or M 3 250 4 Filterwheel 1 0 film polarizer horizontal M 4 320 1 quartz diffuser translucent M 4 256 blocked aperture opaque Clear aperture transparent quartz diffuser ND of f 2 0 translucent clear aperture transparent f 0 f 0 5 f 1 0 f neutral density factor f 1 5 Attenuation 10 1 2 0 2 5 10 Micrometer 1 Approx 290 calibrated micrometer setting 9 Micro
159. te See Appendix A Zero Zenith Prism ZE positions the zenith prism to its zero step position or ZA 180 The zenith reference is found and the prism is then moved back a constant number of steps from the zero step position MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL n KIPP TONEN 5 5 1 5 ROUTINE OPERATIONS AND MINOR MAINTENACE ROUTINE OPERATIONS AND MINOR MAINTENANCE This section is written for the Brewer Operator and is meant to be a guide in determining if the Brewer is functioning correctly It is assumed that the Operator has attended training by KIPP amp ZONEN personnel at the time of installation No attempt is made to deal with the science of the instrument as it is assumed that the appropriate Scientists are interrogating the data and that they have reasonable knowledgeable of both the Brewer instrument and Atmospheric Science A properly functioning Brewer requires a relatively small amount of work but periodic checks and minor maintenance must be done regularly to ensure that high quality data is being recorded In this manual the terms Daily Weekly and Infrequent are used for frequency of tasks but local conditions may dictate different intervals DAILY TASKS Daily tasks are divided into Outside Tasks and Inside Tasks i e those performed at the Brewer and those performed at the Computer These instructions are written assuming that the Brewer is running in a Scheduled operation Outside Tasks
160. tercept 10 Filterwheel 3 Offset O 242 Dead Time ns 40 Buffer Delay s 0 6 Zenith UVB Dome Position 2223 Note Faster Processors May Require a Longer Buffer Delay Typically 0 2 to 0 8 Seconds MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 73 KIPP amp ZONEN 74 Average files AVG nnn and OZOAVGYY nnn The Brewer is a statistical instrument and instantaneous deviations from the norm are not uncommon The purpose of average files is to provide a daily value for a specific measurement or test result It is normal to plot the data in average files vs time days to observe trends in data and test results APOAVG nnn Analog Printout Log The values should be monitored for power supply stability 1 2 3 4 08591 1566 80 5 17 1 61 08691 1555 86 5 17 1 61 Julian Day dddyy H T voltage 5V standard lamp current PON gt DTOAVG nnn Dead Time Log 1 2 3 04991 41 66 43 375 05991 41 69 43 276 1 Julian Day dddyy 2 dead time for high intensities 3 dead time for low intensities FMOAVG nnn FM Average 1 2 3 24 5 6 7 8 9 05791 425 9 4 8 31525 02 1 3 189001 4 4 33 Julian Day dddyy daily mean ozone standard deviation of daily mean ozone ETC daily mean SO standard deviation of daily mean 50 ETC number of good observations number of total observations gt MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL Ki KIPP amp SONEN APPEN
161. the photon counting system as determined by the deadtime test DT run as part of the Brewer setup procedures This equation is solved for FO by iterating 9 times on the rearranged expression Fe This compensation is performed for each of the five operational wavelengths The deadtime compensated count rates are normalized by computing the base ten logarithm then scaled by 104 thus allowing integer arithmetic COMPENSATING FOR TEMPERATURE The count rates are corrected for the temperature dependent bandpass characteristics of various filters inside the spectrometer assembly F lt F PC TC TE AF i 2 6 where PC is the constant part of the temperature coefficient TCi are the wavelength dependent temperature coefficients read from the spectrophotometer s Constants File stored on disk TE is the instrument temperature in degrees Celsius AFp is the attenuation value of the neutral density filters at position p the array AF of attenuation values is also read from the instrument Constants File COMPENSATING FOR RAYLEIGH SCATTERING DS ONLY If the reading is of the direct sun the count rates are adjusted by compensating the effect of Rayleigh scattering attenuation for the airmass calculated for the time of the observation 110 BE x M3x PZ lt 2 6 1013 where BEI are the Rayleigh coefficients PZ is the atmospheric pressure at the site of the instrument in millibars 1013 is
162. the ultraviolet focus of the Fabry lens The spacing between the lens and the PMT takes into account the apparent change in focal length due to the presence of the filters The PMT is enclosed in a magnetic shield which is maintained at cathode potential approximately 1300 V to minimize dark noise The PMT and its shield are spring loaded against a teflon ring which locates the cathode at the center of focus of the Fabry lens and also insulates the magnetic shield from the PMT housing The housing has been designed to allow access to the photon amplifying and discriminating circuitry without disturbing the optics Electronics The Brewer Spectrophotometer contains its own microprocessor board an 8051 based microprocessor which controls all internal instrument operations Specifically the microprocessor is responsible for e positioning the diffraction gratings the microprocessor controls stepper motors which drive micrometers connected by lever arms to rotating gratings e positioning the slit mask to allow light to pass through one of six exit plane slits to the photomultiplier this mask is driven by a second microprocessor controlled stepper motor synchronizing the photon count circuitry with the movement of the slit mask turning the halogen and mercury calibration lamps on and off reading optical position sensors reading analog monitor voltages moving motors to track the sun moving neutral density diffusing and polarizing filter
163. through the viewing window and which indicate which FW position the software thinks the FW has been set to Foreoptic Viewing Ports There are two viewing ports along the foreoptic assembly through which may be viewed the iris diaphragm and any images which are focused onto it and the entrance slit At the bottom of each viewing port is a glass right angle prism VP 1 VP 2 mounted inside the foreoptic tubing The prisms are aligned so that the object to be viewed iris or entrance slit appears centred in the viewing port A plano convex glass lens VL 1 VL 2 is placed in each viewing tube to magnify the image Rear Fore Optics A plano convex lens LE 4 whose plane suface faces the entrance slit of the spectrometers focuses the collimated ultraviolet light onto the entrance slit of the first dispersion spectrometer SPECTROMETERS The purpose of the spectrometers optical subassembly is to accept light through the entrance slit and disperse it into a high quality spectrum along the exit slit focal plane The spectrometers are modified Ebert types with focal length 16 cm and aperture ratio f 6 Six exit slits are positioned along the exit focal plane at the Ozone operating wavelengths 303 2 nm 302 1 nm for mercury wavelength calibration 306 3 nm 310 1 nm 313 5 nm 316 8 nm and 320 1 nm with 0 6 nm resolution Wavelength is adjusted by rotating the gratings with stepper motors which drive micrometers acting on lever arms The wavele
164. tion of the diffraction grating s for taking ozone measurements Each individual scan is saved to a SCJJJYY NNN data file the SC output average values are added to the SCOAVG NNN file This command can be used in schedules A set of good sun scans taken between zenith angles of 48 and 66 degrees will provide useful information preliminary to an ozone re calibration Schedule Edit SE is used to create or modify Brewer operating schedules which are stored as SKD files in the Brewer directory Brewer schedules consist of two columns of data a solar zenith angle and a string of commands The string of commands is executed at the corresponding solar zenith angle The SA command is useful for converting GMT to solar angle See Section 8 for more on designing schedules See also the SK and SKC commands MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 43 KIPP amp ZON 44 NCE 1 SH SI SIM SK SKC SL EN Slit Mask shutter Motor Timing Test Normally a factory test the SH command is used to determine the timing constant used in the control of the slit mask motor See Appendix F Solar Siting Brewer observations using the solar disc as the radiation source require that the Zenith Prism of the instrument be pointed very accurately toward the sun The 51 command is used in the initial set up of the instrument and for subsequent checking of pointing accuracy After the date time and station co ordinates have been set accurately a s
165. tional status values define the current state of the Brewer Commands exist to set and read each of these They share a common syntax so the complete set are listed in the table below Syntax lt gt lt gt lt gt to read the status variable I name value or lt name gt lt index gt value to write the status variable Response lt value gt form only Parameters parameter response format Meaning name identifier parameter in question number name Possible Names name Format of value writeable meaning of value lt analogPt gt tepid resets line break to abort command processing BREAK RESET TIME float seconds Yes reset to 5 0 The elapsed time in seconds for a continuous on tepid resets TTY line break to force a warm restart of the Brewer Hex on output MEE FU NN LN Hex on output Hex on output Hex on output lt digitalPt gt levels transparent to the user pre SUPPRESSION PNO allows echoing when OFF S ye ye n ye DIGITAL INPUT OFF or ON reads whether input is ON or OFF logic lt digitalPt gt levels are transparent to the user LAMP POWER lt lamp gt watts llamp power consumption LAMP STATE lt lamp gt ampstatetype yes state oflamp OFF or ON MOTOR ALLSTILL TRUE or FALSE EE only if all the motors have stopped moving MKIII
166. to be seen then go to step 4 3 Using the UP DOWN and CW CCW controls on the front of the Brewer to move the Zenith Prism and or the Azimuth Tracker such that the diffused image is dissected by the black rectangular image of the entrance slit Go to step 5 4 Being careful not to block the Sun look into the Iris Viewing Tube If the Azimuth pointing is accurate to within about 10 then a bright image of the Sun will be Seen If no image is seen and none was seen in step 2 then the Tracker will have to be put into rough alignment by observing shadows cast by various parts on the Brewer and pushing the CW or CCW buttons until an image appears Once the image is seen in the Viewport the UP DOWN and CW CCW controls are used to move the image into the aperture of the iris When the image disappears into the Iris aperture then go to step 2 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 61 KIPP amp ZON SIN 62 SE 1 Return to the Computer and follow the instructions for saving the new siting information Before saving new values recheck that the Date and Time are correct For accurate tracking to take place the Tracker must be quite level Levelling can be checked by alternating the times of day when siting is done check the siting in the early morning on one day and in the late afternoon on another If it is found that the North Correction numbers alternate between higher and lower numbers consistently from morning to
167. trometer may be monitored Elements in the foreoptics provide adjustment for field of view neutral density attenuation ground quartz diffusion and selection of film polarizers Iris Diaphragm Assembly An iris diaphragm IR 1 is mounted in the foreoptics at the ultraviolet focus of a plano convex lens LE 2 This lens focuses ultraviolet objects at infinite distance onto the plane of the iris A lever arm which protrudes through the wall of the foreoptic tube controls the iris At one limit of the lever arm the iris aperture is 5mm iris closed while at the other limit the aperture is approximately 15mm iris open The lever is actuated by the iris stepper motor MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 15 KIPP amp 16 ZONEN NCE 1 When the instrument is aligned to view sunlight an image of the sun is focused at the centre of the iris With the iris closed about three solar diameters of skylight around the sun pass through the iris aperture into the spectrometer With the iris open about 10 of skylight enters the spectrometer On the spectrometer side of the iris there is another plano convex lens LE 3 This lens is positioned such that its focal point is in the plane of the iris Light passing through the iris aperture is therefore collimated along the optical axis Lenses LE 2 LE 3 in the iris diaphragm assembly are mounted with their plane side facing the iris Filterwheels Filterwheels FW 1 FW 2 are mounted in a filter wheel h
168. ty essen 109 Converting Raw Data to Count Rates ssssssssssseeeneeeene eene enne nennen nns 109 Compensating for Deadtime ceceesecce einen nti tenen hann nna nhan diea eren 110 Compensating for 110 Compensating for Rayleigh Scattering DS only ssseee enn 110 Computing Single and Double 111 Determining and SO from Direct Sun Data sss 111 Determining and SO from Zenith Sky nnne nt 112 APPENDIX H COMPUTER BREWER INTERFACE 113 APPENDIX FIRMWARE OG eret Ee nere a E 127 APPENDIX J enne een xe EE 131 n KIPP amp 1 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW Refer to Figure 1 1 Brewer Spectrophotometers are a family of scientific instruments which measure Ultra Violet radiation in the solar spectrum By examining the differential absorption of select wavelengths in the UVB portion of the spectrum determinations of Total Column Ozone and Total Column Sulpher Dioxide are inferred In addition especially with the MKIII double monochromator instrument accurate spectral intensity profiles of UV radiation
169. ument The air mixing feature is especially useful in moist climates and it enables the internal desiccant to be exposed to the total air volume In addition the mixed air will give a more representitive value of moisture content if the Brewer is fitted with the moisture sensor option The heater will attempt to hold the Brewer s internal temperature at or above a set minimum temperature The minimun temperature can be set at 10 C or 20 C The minimum temperature is selected by moving the jumper J1 on the porportional heater controller bolted to the Brewer foreoptics supports near the zenith prism MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 11 ZONEN SINCE 1830 Ki KIPP amp Jumper setting Minimum temperature 1 2 20 C 2 3 10 C The default setting is a minimum temperature of 20 C Zenith Pointing System Refer to Figure 2 3 and Table 2 3 A right angle zenith prism ZP 1 directs incoming light from the sun the sky or the test lamps onto the optical axis of the instrument For zenith angles in the range 0 to 90 the sun or sky is viewed through an inclined quartz window At zenith angle 180 the spectrometer views the calibration lamps and at 90 the teflon UV diffuser occupies the field of view Solar UV B radiation quartz dome ff Brewer Spectrophotometer cover 0 Sines zenith el 7 quartz window teflon diffuser direct sun Y observation angles 0 90 prism ho
170. used in the ZS ozone calculations and are Location Brewer dependent They are derived by making a comparison of near simultaneous DS and ZS measurements over a wide range of mu and ozone values usually many months The values supplied in ZSFVAL nnn are for a Brewer 035 operating in Toronto Canada and will produce results which are accurate to within 5 or so These values can be used until a new set can be derived for the new site Example Name 280512 Coefficient 5 061317 Coefficient 6 045191 Coefficient 9 MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL Ta KIPP amp ZONEN SINDGE TOS APPENDIX C UV PROCESSING APPENDIX C UV PROCESSING LAMP DATA ANALYSIS Brewer Response Files RESIII EXE is used to determine the responsivity of a Brewer with the aid of data from a calibrated external tungsten halogen lamp Requirements for program execution are a LAMP LLL IRX file for each lamp used and the XL or UL file XLJJJYY nnn The output of this program is a new response file It is recommended that the new response files be named with the format UVRJJJYY nnn This file should be compared to previous response files to determine if there has been a possible change in the performance of either Brewer electronics or optics The response file is similar to the SL test results for keeping track of instrument stability The response file is also accessed by the UV UVSUM routines and AB UVDAT to calculate a damaging ultra violet DUV amount for
171. y determine O3 compute single and from sky chart double ratios ZB ZC ZP UM empirical relation Figure G 1 Data Reduction Flowchart CONVERTING RAW COUNTS TO LIGHT INTENSITY Raw photon counts are automatically retrieved from six wavelength channels one dark count channel five operational channels The computer requests raw photon count data from the spectrophotometer by transmitting appropriate command strings for example R 1 6 20 run the slitmask motor through positions 1 to 6 then back to position 1 accumulating the counts to six separate channels repeat this sequence 20 times O output to the computer the six photon counts measured in the previous R command The returned photon count values are stored in the F array These raw values are written to the printer CONVERTING RAW DATA TO COUNT RATES The core program subtracts the dark count stored in F 1 from the operational wavelength counts then scales the result to produce count rates in counts per second 2x F F Pe ARAN dcn CY x IT where CY is the number of slitmask cycles 20 in the above example IT 0 1147 is the interval scaling factor which incorporates slit sampling time and duty cycle MKIII OPERATOR S MANUAL 109 KIPP amp ZONEN COMPENSATING FOR DEADTIME Poisson statistics are assumed so that for any observation at a true count rate FO counts second the observed rate F will be FeFe where T1 is the deadtime of

Operators manual

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents