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Integrated Performance Modeling Environment (IPME): User Guide

1. ie Task 1 planes arrive jum x imeiplanes arrive Task Notes SelectTask 1 v 4 Main Description POPIP Display Properties IC VACP and Windex Function Allocation Task Criticality Reports Required Traits I Boredom Not Applicable v i Complexity Not Applicable m Computation Not Applicable v Concept of Operations Not Applicable E Data Measurement Not Applicable d Data sensing Not Applicable x i Dexterity Not Applicable A Info Availability Not Applicable A Input Sensitivity Not Applicable X Intelligence Not Applicable v Memory Not Applicable G Mobility Not Applicable v Pattern Recognition Not Applicable X Power Not Applicable e Problem Solving Not Applicable v Reasoning Not Applicable x Reliability Not Applicable v Response Time Not Applicable e Situation Awareness Not Applicable A Technical Risk Cost Not Applicable nA Verbal Task Not Applicable G Calculate Suggestion ox Lannen cancer Web Figure 34 Task description Tab Function Allocation Subtab 6 2 3 Task critical Task 1 planes arrive y lame planes arrive Main Description POPIP Display Properties VACP and Wilndex Function Allocation Task Criticality Required Traits Critical Task Task Ratings Rating Category Numeric Rating 0 10
2. Enable Task Priority Time Pressure considered for execution eg Enable Structural Interference according to each tasks O priority time pressure value with tasks with the highest priority time pressure value _ Enable POP Workload Calculation will be selected first highest priority Reset to Defaults Click this button to reset all Mean Time Pressure Window POPIP parameters on the Width lso Main subtab to their default 1 values Task Resume Penalty boos Reset to Defaults OK Cancel Help Figure 8 Execution Setting POPIP Tab Main subtab Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 24 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME sutu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 4 3 1 4 2 POPIP Compatible Tasks Subtab Compatible task pairs are pairs of tasks that may be compatible for dual tasking in certain combinations such as using multiple digits on the same hand Compatible tasks are not involved in serial processing and their default interference is set to zero The Compatible Tasks subtab is used to select the compatible pairs of tasks Task A Task B Each list contains the tasks defined for the model CP terion Stings Test NN NN n Runtime Mission Output E POPIP Charts Compatible Tasks Visual Areas r Global Operator
3. Figure 10 Execution Setting POPIP Tab Visual Areas Subtab suse Figure 11 Execution Setting POPIP Tab Global Operator Settings Subtab Figure 12 Execution Setting Chart Tab Figure 13 NetModel menu a entente ER nennen nnne Figure 14 CrewModel men Figure 15 PSEModel merus i perdere eech ee bee e i ee dede Figure 16 EnvModel ment tie tte tee me tienes teen Figure 17 Tools menu 5 eiie Leer see Figure 18 Windows Menu esesseseeesessseeeesseeneeenennn ennt EE nnns nennen nnns Figure 19 Help irienu siint doeet dd coi tede cce Figure 20 Project Tree anne oie parte ai eng MI bep iia irgend Figure 21 Task Network Model esee esent nnne nn Figure 22 Snapshot naa id Figure 23 Scenario Event nern essen Figure 24 FU tcti nz otto diee aie ten o mile i le lb ie ien eut SCHREIER e Figure 26 Operator Anthropometry ssssssssssssssee eene ener Figure 27 Environment Variable esee a AEAEE nnne Figure 28 Performance Shaping Function Model Figure 29 Measurement Suite sss eee Figure 30 Task main Tab Timing and Effects Gubtab nesr resrnesrnesrneens Figure 31 Task main Tab Repeating Continuous Subtab sess Figure 32 Task main Tab failure Subtab nssssnnenennnnnenn nnne en annern nnne rnnnnennnnnennnn
4. KI Beginning Effects m 0 0 E t2counter 1 Scheduling Effects Operator Assignment Version ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx ok Lamae Gen ee DLR 2014 02 11 Seite 76 Institut f r Flugf hrung Integrated performance modeling environment IPME A tool for simulating operator workload and performance Listen to request for landing clearance Kg e Task 23 listen to request for landing e listen to request for landing clearance ng and Effects Repeating Continuous Failure Am run m Mean Time D Release Condition PR 5 0 return requestBusy false Standard Deviation a Beginning Effects a 1 0 runningTime tag clock requestBusy true Pilot asking for clearance Scheduling Effects KI Ending Effects Operator Assignment Convener 8 Static Expression Previous Task Radio contact Name radio contact Main Description POPIP Display Properties Timing and Effects Repeating Continuous Tre situs me Mean Time a Release Condition i 10 0 il return ControllerSpeaking false Standard Deviation Beginning Effects return 5 0 ControllerSpeaking true Scheduling Effects Ending Effects requestBusy false ControllerSpeaking false
5. A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Enable Run time Charts Select this checkbox to make run time charts available for viewing during simulation execution Then choose any of the following run time charts to display VACP by Operator Select this checkbox to display the VACP values for each operator as the simulation executes The chart may be viewed as a line graph or a histogram Workload Index by Operator Select this checkbox to display the Workload Index values for each operator as the simulation executes The W Index graph is best viewed as a histogram For each operator four pieces of information display WithinChannel Interference WorkloadIndex and Concurrent Tasks The Concurrent Tasks value is the number of active tasks assigned to the operator at that simulation clock time The WithinChannel value is the calculated workload contribution value for each channel for all active tasks The Interference value that is graphed takes into account any interference between channels for each pair of active tasks The WorkloadIndex value in the runtime graph is simply the sum of the WithinChannel and Interference values POPIP Task Demand Modifiers TDMS by Operator Select this checkbox to display the task demand modifiers for each operator as the simulation executes Time Pressure BY C Execution Settings Test1 E e Runtime Mission Output POPIP Charts Operator Select this checkbox
6. 8 6 25 6 25 12 5 5 5 Measurement Suite 2 Measurement Suite SSS OS M Main Blocking Factors Independent Factors Trials Dependent Variables The optional measurement System Testi suite can be used to Date Created ddimmiyy 11 10 13 Description encapsulate the results een CC produced by varying a specific ace set of variables in a disciplined Output File Name GEES manner The results can be grouped into blocks of data by using the blocking factors DE c Results can be triggered by the mee end of run a specific clock PE time or by a task or queue Trigger On End of Run e OK Cancel Help Figure 29 Measurement Suite 5 6 External Models A system description can also include external models These models can be custom developed applications or other IPME simulators that execute across a network State information is transferred between simulations through common variables 6 Task A task is the basic building block of a model and contains timing information execution constraints effects of the task POPIP and workload data 6 1 Main Tab 6 1 1 Timing and Effects Subtab Time Distribution This field has a drop down menu with a list of distributions used for calculating execution times Available distributions include the following normal gamma exponential rectangular and lognormal Select a distribut
7. Integrated Performance Modeling Environment IPME User Guide A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR ID IB 112 2014 5 Classification C ll P Institut f r Flugf hrung DLR Director Prof Dr Dirk K gler f r Flugf hrung Be Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu A tool for simulating operator workload and performance P Document Control Information Responsible Project Dr Norbert F rstenau Manager Responsible Author Ghazal Mahmoudzadeh Vaziri B A Physik Additional Authors Dr Norbert F rstenau Project research Task X EPRAS Classification C Il im Institut f r Flugf hrung unbegrenzt zug nglich Filename psflsda HMI Labor Intern RAiCe IPME Version 01 Save Date 2014 02 11 Total Pages 86 Release Note Document is released in accordance to Document Control Sheet 2014 DLR Institut f r Flugf hrung Germany This document with all its parts is protected by copyright Any use within or without the domain of the copyright act is illegal without a written consent of the DLR Institute of Flight Guidance and will be prosecuted This applies in particular to copying translations microfilm reproductions or converting processing and storing this information on digital systems Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 2 f r Flugf hrung M Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu A tool for simulating operator
8. Network Simulation The network simulation is a hierarchical modelling tool with an interface that is flexible enough to model any process that can be represented in a flow diagram as a network of tasks The degree of complexity in the models is up to you You can build a simple functional model of the process that a human operator must go through to perform some activity by just drawing a network diagram and filling in some task timing information You can also build more complex models that include dynamically changing variables probabilistic and tactical branching logic conditional task execution human performance task time information calculated by the micro model functions using the work space design and extensive data collection You specify all of these by making menu choices or providing expressions to execute under specific circumstances Micro model functions Micro model functions are calculation algorithms that Version 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 39 nn Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR calculate various types of human performance times for general classes of activities Most of the micro model functions calculate times for very detailed activities such as eye fixations or button pushing The link to the task network diagram is through the micro model functions The value that is calculated from the mi
9. Operator precedence controls the order in which operations are performed Operations with the same precedence are performed in order according to their associativity usually left to right Operator precedence can be overridden with the explicit use of parentheses Associativity of an operator specifies the order that operations with the same precedence are performed In the following table a value of L specifies left to right associativity and a value of R specifies right to left associativity Operand Precedence Operator Assoc Operation Performed Types 1 UM arithmetic L Grouping or index 2 Math Pow arithmetic R Exponentiation arithmetic R Increment arithmetic R Decrement En ista R Addition Unary Plus String Concatenation i Subtraction and Unary Minus boolean R Logical Negation type any R Grouping 3 9 animse L Multiplication Division Modulus or Remainder Jk eme BEE Version 9014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 68 Institut f r Flugf hrung string 5 lt lt arithmetic gt gt arithmetic 6 Ss primitive l primitive 7 amp amp boolean boolean 8 variable any variable any arithmetic arithmetic string for Table 18 Operator Version ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx JJimJj ioaomiuuir iri riri ri rir Integrated performance modeling environment IPME A tool for simulating operator workload and performance P Addition Unary
10. It represents the number of tasks that can be held in human memory for immediate execution or attention Short term memory is generally limited to between three and five items Forgetting TPM Fu EE Test aM a Petreto the forgening DL Runtime Mission Output POPIP Charts a task The probability for Compatible Tasks Visual Areas Global Operator Settings a successful outcome for _ Enable Global Operator Settings Task Processing a task usually decreases if a task is interrupted or Critical Interface delayed or dropped from Critical Time Pressure Critical Complete the queue forgotten of tasks considered for processing by the Short Term Memory operator if it is not Forgetting TPM serviced within a certain time period P 0 0 Figure 11 Execution Setting POPIP Tab Global Operator Settings Subtab Dropping a task from the operator s queue can simulate forgetting a task The probability that an item is forgotten will likely increase with time 4 3 1 5 Charts Tab contains the following parameters The Charts tab contains settings used to control charts and graphs displayed during simulation execution The Charts tab contains these parameters Version 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 27 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung
11. 1 Task Start Event This field contains the time or condition for a continuous or repeating task to begin execution Expressions or numeric values are allowed Click this button to specify whether the task starts at a specific time or when a specific condition is met The Task Start Event is used for continuous and repeating tasks Version 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 53 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Task End Event This field contains the time or condition for a continuous or repeating task to stop execution Expressions or numeric values are allowed Click the button adjacent to the label Task End Event to specify whether the task ends at a specific time or when a specific condition is met The Task End Event is used for continuous and repeating tasks 6 1 3 Failure Subtab Task 1 planes arrive co im o C um un 0 f x IName planes arrive Task Notes Select Task 1 lr E ILE u a main Description POPIP Display Properties Timing and Effects f Repeating Continuous Failure Probability of Failure 3 return 0 0 000 Probability of No Effect 0 0 Probability of Degrading Another Task Degraded Task NONE Select Task Percentage Time Degradation 0 0 Percentage Failure
12. A Operators are individual simulation objects that contain default human physical and Operator psychological characteristics An operator is defined by a set of characteristics that consist of properties traits states and anthropometry d d Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 32 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME sutu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 4 6 PSFModel menu 2 IPME Project File Edit MasterDB System NetModel CrewModel PSFModel EnvModel MeasSuite Tools Windows Help Host Local File System Lo al i User mahm_gh ki Rename Save to File Project Tree Version History Project Tree Print to Printer o ES IPME_Project Print to File e 88 System1 Assign to System Unassign from System Permissions Add PSF Figure 15 PSFModel menu You add a new PSF model by creating a new model of that component type You can rename a PSF model if you have the appropriate permissions Save to File You can save a PSF model to a file The file is saved in XML format Version Contains a list of all versions for the selected item History Created Contains the date dd mm yyyy and time 24 hour clock on which the selected version of the item was created Created By Contains the name of the user that created the selected version of the item Note Enter any ad
13. Importance Safety iu None Mission Effectiveness None Efficiency None Cost Base Criticality Rating None 0 Y System Reliability 0 None 0 0 Criticality Adjustment Operator Capability 0 1 0 Task Improvement 0 1 0 Adjusted Criticality Threshold 7 Adjusted Criticality Rating 0 ox Cancel Heb Figure 35 Task description Tab Task Criticality Subtab Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 59 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME f r Flugf hrung o A tool for simulating operator workload and performance 6 2 4 Report Task 1 planes arrive p lame planes arrive Main Description Display Properties Jr VACP and wiindex Function Allocation Task Criticality Reports Required Traits h oso Tas ie ER v Mission Awareness Normalisation Task Task Data Confirmed v Mission Performance System Awareness r Influenced Variables External Remove Internal Remove ex Cancel Figure 36 Task Description Tab Reports Subtab 6 2 5 Required Traits Subtab POPIP Display Properties Function Allocation Task Criticality Reports Ir Required Traits Minimum Trait Attribute Values for
14. Operator Trait Attribute Apply Minimum Requirement Required Minimum Value AdaptionToTimeStress SpeedAccuracy AdaptionToTimeStress Value NW AdaptionToTimeStress VisualDetection Aptitude Value Cost Value Experience Value ox Lann concer seb Figure 37 Task description Tab Required Traits Subtab Version ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx DLR 2014 02 11 Seite 60 Be Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 6 3 POPIP Tab 6 3 1 Scheduling subtab This subtab contains the scheduling priorities for the task Task type can be selected in this tab from the Category drop down list If the task is discrete the fields in the Repeating Continuous tab of the dialogue box cannot be edited Timing parameters for discrete tasks are set in the Timing and Effects tab If the task is continuous or repeating different fields for the timing information in the Repeating Continuous tab are available Task Pacing Internally paced tasks are those tasks accomplished by an operator that would be considered self scheduled If the operator was performing internally paced tasks and reached the POPIP workload overload threshold the expected real life behaviour is to reschedule or postpone the task to prevent workloa
15. Plus String Concatenation Less Than Less Than or Equal to Greater Than Greater Than or Equal to Equal to have identical values Inequality have different values Logical AND Logical OR Assignment Multiplication Assignment Division Assignment Modulus Assignment Addition Assignment Subtraction Assignment 2014 02 11 Seite 69 f r Flugf hrung EE Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu A tool for simulating operator workload and performance P 10 Example Every 70 seconds with standard deviation 20 seconds one plane arrives on 2 airport with a single runway The air traffic controller will be asked by pilots for landing clearance The traffic controller is checking either automatically or manually The simulation is defined for 100 aircraft A C and the tags will leave the model and the model will halt automatically when all tags have been used 10 1 Definition of the variables variable name Type Initial value description ControllerSpeaking boolean False NormalOpsBusy boolean False Auto busy boolean False normalOps boolean False requestBusy boolean False Avwait double 0 0 Maxwait double 0 0 Waitotal double 0 0 planeCleared 1000 Array of integer 0 Highest index 1000 One dimension runningTime 1000 Array of double 0 Highest index 1000 One dimension waited 1000 Array of double 0 Highest index 1000 One dimension qicounter integ
16. Settings Select a task in the Task A Task B oi Networks oll Networks Task A list and o 1 planes arrives o 1 planes arrives then select the 2 funk contact Interference 2 funk contact 3 normal performand Coefficient 3 normal performa compatible task in Q 4 automaticed perfori 0 0 Q 4 automaticed perfi the Task B list Q 5 clearance delivery Q 5 clearance delive Q 8 clearance for landi TI Q 8 clearance for land Clic the Add 9 generate Ad 9 generate button The 10 Airport 1 10 Airport 1 compatible task 11 Airport 2 Rn 11 Airport 2 pair displays in the table at the bottom of the dialogue box Figure 9 Execution Setting POPIP Tab Compatible Tasks Subtab Interference Coefficient After selecting a pair of tasks you can enter an interference coefficient for the task pair Although this value defaults to zero the POPIP algorithm allows for a nonzero interference coefficient Contains a listing of the compatible task pairs defined for the model To delete a compatible task pair select the row in the table that contains the task pair and click the Remove button 4 3 1 4 3 POPIP Visual Areas Subtab The visual areas are the areas in a work environment where the operators will be looking such as a monitor dial or gauge Each visual task is assigned to an area in the visual scene such as Areal Area2 and so on The Visual Area table contains the X Y and Z posi
17. Task Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 78 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME s tu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Clearance delivery Timing and Effects Repeating Continuous Failure Time Distribution Type Mean Time KI Release Condition return 5 0 return ControllerSpeaking false d Standard Deviation KI Beginning Effects i 1 6 ControllerSpeaking true I Scheduling Effects Kl Ending Effects ControllerSpeaking false runningTime tag clock runningTime tag planeCleared tag 1 Operator Assignment ve omore O Expression ke Previous Task SS o el Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 79 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME sutu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 10 7 VACP and Workload chart for Controller Task 20 Normal operations w o automation support B M e mmm Tr rm Lo A Immun imejnormal ops wo auto Task Notes Select Task 20 Main Description POPIP Display Properties E IN VACP and Windox Function Allocation Task Criticality Reports Required Traits du VACP Visual Auditory Unaided Scan SearchiMonitor Ir Interpret Semantic Contoat X Aided NVG na Ir Wei
18. Total Percent 0 Total Percent 0 Total Percent 0 Visual DEREN ial 0 Vocal 0 Visual 0 m E Verbal Numeric 0 Voice Output Central S Other o r Manual C Text Dial l NS o FE b 5 LJ poo amp Spatial Relationships E O Simpl EE indt O Difficult but familiar Total Interference L 2 Passive Monitoring oc age Externally Cued LJ 3 Verbal speech production Visual Area i L M Spatial pattern recognition C Preferred Channels C 5 Reasoning Non Preferred Channels Auditory L 6 Total Interference Auditory 0 E uem Memory E n LE XE e LJ Recall from Memory Monitor Speech O Accessible familiar Auditory Pattern J Verbally coded E Spatially coded Conversation C Semantically coded Total Interference C Complex operation C Externally Cued er Kinesthetic Tactile Simple Stimulus Figure 39 Task POPIP Tab Workload Demands Subtab Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 63 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 6 4 Display Properties Selected Object Select the object for which you want to change the display properties Options include Task Queue and Decision Background Colour The selected background colour displays as the fill colour for the object Click the Change button to select a different background colour The currently selected
19. back and a new entity would enter the queue again For a queue to accumulate entities each entity must be defined as a separate tag number If a tag enters the queue and the tag number is already present the two will be merged as a consequence of the release condition Add Functions are used to group a complicated expression or group of expressions in a Function model In all instances where the function name is encountered in the model the expressions are executed The user defined functions for the network display towards the bottom of the list of network elements The function list displays functions that are defined for the current model You can add edit or delete user defined functions Add Scenario Events are time or condition based events that you can use to change the Scenario state of the simulation Events can be used to start sections of the network or assign Event values to variables independent of when an entity begins or ends a task or enters or Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 30 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR departs a queue The expressions assigning the values can be scheduled to occur at a specific clock time or when a specific condition is met in the model You can use events to start stop suspend or resume specific tasks or groups of tasks The scenario events to execute are
20. because Only one of the following tasks executes next you supply the probability of each path executing next in its routing condition The probability that a particular task follows is equal to its probability value in the routing condition field divided by the sum of the probability values of all possible following tasks 75 of the airplanes land at airport 1 and 25 at airport 2 Version 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 71 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME sutu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Edit Decision Routing for Task 13 generate approach AP1 tame Pote ls EI 14 Airport 1 return 0 75 15 Airport 2 return 0 25 C the decision should be tactical because the operator is only doing one OR the other not both added a boolean variable called normalOps to the variable list changed the decision logic so that if normalOps is false the tags all go to the normal task If it is true they go to the automat task This is one example of how this could be done to represent the case where the operator handles an entire group of planes in the same manner Run the model collect results change the value of the variable and rerun Then compare the two data sets You can change the initial value in the variable list or set it in a scenario event at time zero Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite
21. data field Changes made in the spreadsheet viewer are reflected in the model Each object s id displays at the far left of the row Objects are indented according to their hierarchy in the project tree Icons also display to indicate whether the row belongs to atask ora network Add Network When an activity in your model is very complex you can break it down further into more specific sub activities and represent the main activity as a network while representing the sub activities as subnetworks or individual tasks Add Task A task is the basic building block of a model and contains timing information execution constraints effects of the task POPIP and workload data IPME automatically assigns a default name of UnNamed and a default ID to the task Add You can indicate the tasks that follow a specific task This order determines the Following passage of an entity through the network diagram Any time you have two or more Task tasks following a task IPME automatically adds a decision node The Following Tasks dialogue box displays All available tasks in the network model display in the Possible Following Tasks box and any tasks assigned as following tasks display in the Following Tasks box Add Queue The queue is a waiting area in front of a task where entities accumulate while they are waiting to execute the task Queues adopt the release condition of the associated task If you have a queue on a repeating task there would be a loop
22. for simulating operator workload and performance P of Perception 5 4 9 Interpret Semantic Content Speech Auditory Perception 6 6 6 Discriminate Sound Characteristics Detect Auditory Auditory Differences Perception 7 7 0 Interpret Sound Patterns Pulse Rates and so Auditory on Perception Cognitive 1 1 0 1 Automatic Simple Association Spatial 2 Cognition 2 1 2 Alternative Selection Verbal Cognition 3 3 7 Sign Signal Recognition Spatial Cognition 4 4 6 Evaluation Judgment Consider single Aspect Verbal Cognition 5 5 3 Encoding Decoding Recall Verbal Cognition 6 6 8 Evaluation Judgment Consider Several Verbal Aspects Cognition 7 7 0 Estimation Calculation Conversion Verbal Cognition Psychomotor 1 1 0 Speech Speech Response 2 2 2 Discrete Actuation Button Toggle Trigger Manual Response 3 2 6 Continuous Adjustive Flight Control Sensor Manual Control Response 4 4 6 Manipulative Manual Response 5 5 8 Discrete Adjustive Rotary Vertical Manual Thumbwheel Lever Position Response 6 6 5 Symbolic Production Writing Manual Response 7 7 0 Serial Discrete Manipulation Keyboard Manual Entries Response Table 15 VACP channels The default Workload Index Conflict Matrix is shown here Visual Auditory Verbal Spatial Manual Response Speech Response Perception Perception Cognition Cognition Visual Perception Auditory Perception Verbal Cognition Version 0 3 1 0 0 2
23. model simulation Output Critical Path Results cpr Controls whether critical path data are collected for the simulation The critical path is the route through the network that takes the longest to execute The critical path is useful in determining the path to optimise for the model Critical path data are stored in an ASCII file with the extension cpr Output External Interface Log log Controls whether a log file is collected showing the events transmitted to and received from another application This is used when you are executing IPME in conjunction with other simulations The log files are stored in the output directory Output Snapshots ssr Determines whether snapshots of variables are collected during model execution Snapshots are defined in the project tree Snapshot files have the extension ssr Output VACP File vacp Select this checkbox to collect the VACP data This file has the extension vacp Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 21 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME sutu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance Output W Index File windex Select this Runtime Mission Output POPIP Charts checkbox to collect the System Output Directory sin gh Testi W Index data This file v Output Execution Trace trc Output VACP File vacp ha
24. modeling environment IPME A tool for simulating operator workload and performance For Assistant Task 21 Controller Assistant with automatic support DLR r IE 1 mn Oo ime Assistant w automation support tasknotes setectraskl21 4 9 Main Description POPIP Display Properties VACPandWilndex Function Allocation Task Criticality Reports Required Traits MACH N Visual Auditory Unaided NA X Interpret Semantic Content e Aided NVG Track Follow pena Weight 5 4 Cognitive Psychomotor Evaluation Judgement Several z Discrete Actuation z d Weight 6 8 Weight 22 F IN Taxon Percentages Map Weight to Wiindex 25 None Map Rating to Wiindex ui Vigilance Wiindex Channels 10 Visual Perception Visual Perception 6 4 10 Auditory Perception Auditory Perception 4 9 10 Spatial Cognition Verbal Cognition 6 0 20 Verbal Numeric Cognition Spatial Cognition 0 0 0 Fine Discrete Psychomotor Output Manual Response 2 2 0 Fine Continuous Psychomotor Output d Speech Response 0 0 5 Gross Motor 10 Vocal Output 4 a ERC Wl Wilndex RTO_CL1 92 5 Options Charts Assistant Auto Ii 1 500 2 000 2 5
25. of Failure For a probability of failure greater than zero five consequences can occur if the task is not successfully completed Assign the probability that each consequence will occur when the task fails The consequence probabilities must sum to 100 percent 6 2 Description Tab 6 2 1 VACP and W Index Subtab Within IPME Modus workload is calculated by means of the Demand Algorithm VACP und Workload Index W Index VACP measures operator workload within four separate channels Visual Auditive Cognitive und Psychomotor VACP and Workload Index W Index data measure the resource demand imposed upon an operator VACP measures within resource demand W Index provides an overall demand measure and includes both a sum of within resource demand and the sum of inter resource demand Multiple Resource Theory These are included in the lower part of the Task Assignment and Workload dialogue box Select the VACP values from the drop down lists for each channel and enter the values for the W Index channels You can manually change any of the VACP weights Task 1 planes arrive IName planes arrive Task Notes Select Task v Main Description POPIP Display Properties VACP and Wilndex Function Allocation Task Criticality Reports Required Traits VACP Visual Auditory Unaided NA v NA kd Aided NVG HA v Weight Weigh
26. operators Enable Global Operator Settings Select this check box to make the Global Operator settings on this tab override any individual operator level settings entered in the crew model When this check box is enabled values entered at the operator level are preserved but are not applied during execution Critical Interference If the sums of the individual coefficients for tasks in the queue plus the coefficient for the task trying to be scheduled are below the value entered in this field then the task can be added to the active queue Critical Time Pressure Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 26 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR When the value in this field is reached for the operator multitasking is stopped and processing is done serially If the instantaneous task time pressure for any of the tasks that the operator is currently performing exceeds the critical time pressure value then tasks can no longer be interrupted Critical Complete When the value in this field is reached the task will not be stopped even if another task of higher priority is trying to be scheduled for execution This feature of the scheduler represents task momentum Short Term Memory This field contains the number of tasks that can be held in the queue for short term memory Short term memory is the lowest form of cognition
27. project You can only have one project open at a time Load From Database The Selection of a Project System or Model to Load dialogue displays with a list of projects in the database To expand a project and display its contents Lo click the project name or click the adjacent handle icon Load from You can load projects systems and component models from a file If you load File a project the currently loaded project is replaced with the new project Project files have the extension prx System files have the extension syx Crew model files have the extension crx Task network model files have the extension tnx Environment model files have the extension enx Performance Shaping Function model files have the extension psx Load E You can load a Document Manager file with the file extension Manager from File Connecting to Database EI You can connect to any IPME database and load projects systems or models Projects may be saved to a database You must know the host name user name and password to successfully make a connection Ge With a connection established select Disconnect from Database from the File Database tie Rename SIR Project You can rename projects if you have the appropriate permissions Save Project a Any project can be saved to a IPME database if a connection to the database has already been established If no connection is established you will be required
28. simulating operator workload and performance DLR 5 IPME System model The IPME system model consists of four Project Tree n zm oe o IPME Project component models the measurement 9 o2 System o 088 NetModel1 suite and an external model The component DI Networks 1 UnNamed models are the task network model environment ll 2 UnNamed o ER Snapshots model crew model and performance shaping o Snapshot o Scenario Events function model the external model is the optional m Event Functions intranet or internet connections to other IPME Variables o off CrewModel client models or other software applications The rye Operator o cap PSFModell measurement suite can be used for data o PSF1 ol EnvModelt collection The integration of these models gt fi Physical o b Mission creates a unique environment for human system E der wea modelling Once models are created they can o Target_Bearing o Target_Elevation easily be assigned or unassigned from a system o Target Location o Target Obscuration o Target Range o Target Signature o Target Speed o Target value o Threat Severity model Figure 20 Project Tree 5 1 Task Network Model The task network model consists of the following interrelated parts network simulation modeling and a collection of micro model functions Micro models use empirical human performance data to calculate human performance times that affect the network simulation model
29. speak PSF equations are normalised around the value 1 0 with 1 0 representing no performance effect either enhancement or degradation The following table lists whether the resulting task performance effects would be an enhancement or a degradation Category Evaliuates Less Than 1 0 Evaluates to 1 0 Evaluates to Greater Than 1 0 Mean Time Decrement longer task no change enhancement mean time shorter task mean time Task Failure Decrement higher no change enhancement lower Probability probability of failure probability of failure Table 13 PSF equations Example The formula for the mean time PSFs is the following Mean time Taxon PSF PSF2 PSF Mean time Taxon2 PSF PSF2 PSF Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Mean Time 10 10 10 St Dev 0 0 0 Ny vigilance 5096 none vigilance 50 auditory Taxon amp 96 vigilance 10096 5096 50 PSF Expression return 8 return 8 return 8 PSF Taxon vigilance only vigilance only vigilance visual Table 14 PSF Result mean time taxon PSF Expression Example 1 10 8 12 5 Version 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 50 geng Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Example 2 10 5 8 10 5 1 6 25 5 11 25 Example 3 10 5 8 10 5
30. task that can be abandoned without penalty if prospective memory exceeds capacity Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 61 f r Flugf hrung E Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu A tool for simulating operator workload and performance P Shed if Late A task that is forcibly shed if the current time is greater than the latest execution time that the task can be scheduled Task Priority Time Pressure Enter the expression for the category multiplier used to calculate the Task Priority Time Pressure Enable Operator Forgetting TPM Select this checkbox to apply the operator s forgetting TPM expression Consequences of Shedding The consequences of shedding indicates what happens when a task is shed The following options are available Continue Branch The task is shed and the model execution continues with the next connected task in the network This is the default selection Terminate Branch The branch terminates after the task is shed If you select Terminate Branch with a repeating continuous task earlier in the branch then the tag s progress is stopped through the branch Start Other Task Another task is started in place of the task following the task being shed Click the Select Task button to display a listing of available tasks in the network and select one of the tasks At Shed Time The selected task is started at the time the shed event occurs for this task At Ending Effect Tim
31. to complete the connection prior to saving You can save a project system or component model to a file The file is saved in XML format Save Project as Saves by opening a window which gives the opportunity to change the file name location or format Save project to File If this project has been saved to a file previously the project is automatically saved in the same location with the same name Steps 2 and 3 are not required The previously saved file will be overwritten If this is the first time this project has been saved to a file the Save Project to File dialogue displays for the selected project Print Option Select this check box to show the Print Preview dialogue when printing to a file Print Project You can print a project system or component model to a printer Before you to Printer Print the item use the Print Options dialogue box to select printing options Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 14 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME Institut f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Print Project You can print a project system or component model to a file The file is saved to File in HTML format Before you print the item use the Print Options dialogue box to select printing options Recent displays a list of files and documents that you most recently used Exit Closes Program Table
32. to perform any database operations such as saving or loading to a database If flat file storage will be used exclusively the following are optional MySQL database server client and shared libraries version 3 23 X or 4 0 X not compatible with newer versions PostgreSQL 8 2 0 4 IPME Interface Besides the usual PC window components close box title bar scroll bars etc a IPME window has other elements as shown in the following figure IPME Project Ski Resort Eile Edit MasterDB System NetModel CrewModel PSFModel EnvModel Tools Windows Help aaa E D 7 Go Skiing File Menu Host Local File System User slabay gt gt i A 7 19 Ski Patrol Toolbar P Project Tree E Sk_Resort 8 Sk_Resort_sys o e NetModelt E Networks 9 1GenSker e 2Rent Equipment 3 Own Equipment Q 4GetLit Access Q9 5 Season Pass Q 6 Buy Ut Ticket M7 Go Sking Bion m n 7303 guns Q 75Run5 O 16Run6 0 77Run7 78Run8 O 79Run9 1108010 711 Run 11 9 712Run12 gt ded Delayed and interrupted Denge ID Name Tag Group Project Tree 7 13 Restaurant 714 Store 715 Base Area O 7 16 Go Home MA 7 19 Ski Patrol 719 1 Gwe medi 719 2Begin o O7193 Asses D Network Drawing NetModel1 7 19 Ski Patrol Edit Add View MasterDB Windows Help e Sh Patrol Execution Control Window x gt Pause at Time Real Time Execution Values Clock 111 87
33. tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 10 6 Tasks Planes arrive Timing and Effects Repeating Con muous Failure nine Dan m Mean Time KI S 70 0 i true Standard Deviation m Beginning Effects i 20 0 Scheduling Effects a Ending Effects il ET rOperator Assignment site tone seecos v Expression Previous Task Main Description POPIP Display Properties Timing and Effects Repeating Continuous time sion me Mean Time hc Release Condition i 0 0 i true Standard Deviation KI Beginning Effects i 0 0 Scheduling Effects a Ending Effects Operator Assignment state fono Seectes y Expression Previous Task Le Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 75 Institut f r Flugf hrung Integrated performance modeling environment IPME A tool for simulating operator workload and performance Airport n Task 14 Airport 1 ejAirport 1 ng and Effects Repeating Continuous Failure Mean Time nine Dein me KI Release Condition am 0 0 return true Standard Deviation Beginning Effects B 0 0 E tlcounter 1 Scheduling Effects Ending Effects Operator Assignment o swe tone Seectos 7 Airport 2 O Expression ES z 2222222 Previous Task eS 0 0 return true Standard Deviation
34. 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 57 Institut f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance Spatial i 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 2 0 0 Cognition Manual 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 3 Response Speech 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 3 1 0 Response Table 16 Conflict Matrix Example Integrated performance modeling environment IPME DLR In the following example two tasks are assigned to the same operator These tasks execute simultaneously These tasks have the following Workload Index values Visual Auditory Verbal Spatial Manual Example 1 a Perception Perception Cognition Cognition Response Task 1 5 0 0 0 0 Task 2 4 0 0 0 0 Visual Auditory Verbal Spatial Manual Example 2 E Perception Perception Cognition Cognition Response Task 1 5 0 0 0 0 Task 2 0 4 0 0 0 Following are the Workload Index results Results Within Channel Interference Workload Example 1 9 9 18 Example 2 9 2 7 11 7 Table 17 Workload Index results Version ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Speech Response 0 0 Speech Response 0 0 2014 02 11 Seite 58 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 6 2 2 Function Allocation Subtab
35. 00 3 000 3 500 4 000 4 500 5 000 5 500 6 000 6 500 7 000 clock WithinChannel Interference Workloadindex ConcurrentTasks lil VACP RTO CL Options Charts Assistant Auto in LII LU MEA IN I Wf LAE TE TUI 500 1000 1 500 2000 2500 3 000 3500 4000 4500 5 000 5500 6 000 6500 7 000 clock E Visual Auditory Cognitive Psychomotor ConcurrentTasks 2014 02 11 Seite 82 Version ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Be Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR You only need to enter VACP values if you intend to collect VACP workload values If you are using VACP for your definition of workload then this is necessary to enter in all operator tasks For VACP to work the tasks with VACP values must be assigned to an operator The aided selection in the VACP is for an operator using night vision goggles Operators are probably not wearing night vision goggles so would make a selection from the unaided list You can only use either unaided or night vision goggles not both Also in VACP is it common to assign every task a cognitive component so would add that It is also possible that the normal task has some psychomotor load if the operator has to adjust the binoculars Taxons are only used if performanc
36. 14 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 42 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME Institut f r Flugf hrung i A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Event Condition The Edit Scenario Event Eve a Name gt conditional expression that event _ triggers the event The conditional riggered By Time Event Type Discrete E expression is a logical zn expression that tests the value of a variable against a value of another RE El variable Expression The expression that executes when the condition is met Help OK Add New Cancel Ir D Figure 23 Scenario Event 5 1 4 Function 5 1 4 1 System function Functions are used to group a complicated expression or group of expressions in a model In all instances where the function name is encountered in the model the expressions are executed The user defined functions for the network display towards the bottom of the list of network elements The function list displays functions that are defined for the current model You can add edit or delete user defined functions The Edit Function dialogue box contains the following parameters Return Type Select the return type for the function Options include int whole numbers double numbers that are not whole numbers string variables that consist of alphanumeric characters boolean true false and task_id valu
37. 2 File menu 4 2 Edit menu In the Edit menu the following commands are available 2 IPME Project Edit MasterDB System NetModel CrewModel PSFModel EnvModel MeasSuite Tools Windows Help Undo Strg Z If e cya e m Edit Strg E Cut Strg Paste File Delete Find Replace S Task Spreadsheet 55 7 Figure 3 Edit menu Undo The actual entry of this item will depend on what you did last In my example had TT Keesen Tris sseton can be repeated seme o o Inserts the contents of the clipboard at the insertion point cursor or whatever is selected To delete a task Find Replace Find Searches for specified text in the active document Replace Searches for and replaces specified text and formatting Task The task spreadsheet viewer allows you to view and edit network and task information Spreadsheed for all tasks and networks within a project from the same dialogue This view is useful for copying and pasting the same information between tasks or networks It also allows for comparison of task information Each row contains information for a task or network contained in the project with one column dedicated for each data field Changes made in the spreadsheet viewer are reflected in the model Each object s id displays at the far left of the row Objects are indented according to their hierarchy in the project tree Icons also display to indicate whether th
38. 5 Enable Clock Updates Run 1 of 1 gi of 3 Experiment 1 Crew 1 Display Settings Error Checking Communications Connection Im Gase Ms Figure 1 IPME main window Version ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Window Navigation Event Queue Task Network Window 2014 02 11 Seite 12 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME Institut f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Component Functionality or Purpose of the Component Menu Bar Contains File Edit system NetModel crewModel PSFModel EnvModel Tools Window and Help menus Standard Toolbar Contains icons for shortcuts to menu commands Project tree Displays all current open Projects and four component models They are the task network model environment model crew model and performance shaping function model Execution Control You can execute a simulation based only a task network IPME mode Window only or you can execute a simulation based on a system which includes the task network model and the other component models You are not required to have a measurement suite experiment defined in order to run the simulation Windows navigation Contains all current open Project tree Net Overview Net Model Execution Control Event Queue you can start the model from the System menu As the model runs variables can be displayed to monitor their values and the even
39. 72 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME s tu f r Flugf hrung o A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 20 normal ops w o auto E return normalOps 21 Assistant w automation support kl return normalOps 10 5 Queue For Task 23 listen to request for landing clearance imi WERT UO RR unNamed ID 23 Associated Task 23 listen to request for landing clearance Queue Order Entering Effects FA Release Condition alcounter 1 return requestBusy false i Departing Effects Sort Order d Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 73 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME sutu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR For Task21 Controller Assistant with automation support Edit Queue 21 wait for clearance del of previous act mm m EH x Associated Task 21 Assistant w automation support a Release Condition 3 q2counter 1 return autoBusy false waited tag clock Departing Effects 3 Sort Order waited tag clock waited tag waitotal waitotal waited tag avwait waitotal q2counter if waited tag gt maxwait maxwait waited tag OK Cancel you can define simulation time with using variables to record how long running
40. Degradation on Mean Time of Degraded Task A Probability of Failure of Degraded Task Kl 0 0 Probability a Different Task Will Follow Task to Follow NONE Select Task 0 0 Probability the Task Will Repeat 0 0 Probability the Model Will Terminate Il OK Cancel Help Figure 32 Task main Tab failure Subtab Failure subtab contains an estimate of the likelihood that the task will be performed unsuccessfully based on a scale of 0 to 1 0 where the value 0 indicates no failure and the value 1 represents 100 percent failure If the task is very easy to perform this field contains a very low number such as 01 If the task is difficult to perform the estimate will be higher such as 3 The probability of failure can be an expression If the expression evaluates to a number greater than or equal to 1 the task fails If the expression evaluates to a value less than zero a runtime error is produced and simulation is continued as if the expression evaluated to O Expressions that evaluate to a value between 0 and 1 are treated as the percentage chance of failure for the task The result of this field is accessible by using the Entity FailProb variable Version 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 54 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Consequences
41. Operator Assignment O Expression 5 O Previous Task 8 Static Version ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx DLR 2014 02 11 Seite 77 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME Institut f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Normal operations w o automation support Task 20 normal ops w o ame normal ops w o auto iming and Effects T Repeating Continuous Failure tine sor me KI Release Condition return readingRate buttonPush return NormalOpsBusy false return 50 Standard Deviation KI Beginning Effects Rm Scheduling Effects KI Ending Effects debug 1 AssignedOp NormalDuration round durati NormalOpsBusy false Operator Assignment sate ae v O Expression Assistant w automatic support Task 21 Assistant w automation sup e Assistant w automation support Repeating Continuous Failure Mean Time KI Release Condition return 30 0 return autoBusy false Standard Deviation hc Beginning Effects return 10 autoBusy true Scheduling Effects hc Ending Effects autoBusy false debug 0 AssignedOp AutoDuration round duratio n clock round clock TagNr tag waited ro und waited tagl max Operator Assignment sve st O Expression kW Previous
42. ade in the Task dialogue box W Index Conflict Matrix The W Index algorithm measures the resource demand imposed upon the operator W Index decomposes a task into a set of channels and establishes weights representing the amount of attention required for a task in each channel Unlike the traditional workload models W Index also accommodates interference between channels External Comunications IPME provides an interface to allow the use of IPME in conjunction with other simulations IPME to IPME or IPME to custom simulations or federations IPME can execute in one of the following modes If IPME is the server the external simulations notify IPME of the time for their next event and IPME informs the simulations when it is okay to proceed This is achieved by inserting events into IPME simulation This mode may also be selected when IPME is a federate If IPME is the client IPME notifies the external simulations of the time of its next event and waits for permission to advance to that time IPME notifies the external simulation when it has completed the event This mode may also be selected when IPME is a federate Version 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 17 E Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR If IPME is a federate it can send and receive values to and from the run time infrastructure This option is only
43. all current open window Table 11 Windows Menu Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 37 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME sutu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 4 11 Help menu File Edit MasterDB System NetModel CrewModel PSFModel EnvModel MeasSuite Tools Windows laa Contents F1 Host Local File System al gll User mahm_gh 1 Licensing About IPME PG ProjectTree Ei Project Tree 7 o ES IPME_Project e 33 System1 Figure 19 Help menu Contents Open IPME s Assistant and get a search box to type in Word displays possible F1 matches for you to read about See an index of all topics available in IPME s Help documentation Licensing This dialogue displays the location of the licence file the licence type company name to which the licence is registered registered contact person registered machine name registered users the date after which the licenceis valid and the expiration date About IPME This dialogue displays contact information for Alion Science and Technology technical support contact information the IPME application version and the IPME and Master Database versions Table 12 Help menu Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 38 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME Institut f r Flugf hrung A tool for
44. appropriate access privilege to the model Unassign Environment models can be unassigned from a system Unassigned environment from System Models are not deleted and reside in the project Permissions As the owner of the model or a user with full permissions you can change the access level for a model on a global or individual basis Individual access assignments override global access Access levels include no access read only or full read and write permissions Add physical You can use variables in any expression field Variable Ambient_Noise Contamination_ Level Contamination_Type Digability Dry_Bulb_Temperature Footing Humidity Illumination Pressure Sea_State Temperature Terrain Terrain_Direction Terrain_Slope Thermal_Radiation Time_Of_Day Turbulence Weather Wind_Direction Wind_Speed Wind_Strength Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 34 geng Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Add Mission Adequacy_of_Procedures Communications_Density Intelligence Platform_Reliability Surveillance_Reliability Time_Stress Weapons_Reliability Add Crew Clarity_of_Role Cooperation Leadership_Style Supervision Team_Experience Variable Team_Morale Team_Training Variable Target_Range Threat_Severity Target_Signature Target_Speed Target_Value Table 8 EnvModel menu Add Threa
45. ata can be saved in a format to be used in other data analysis or statistical systems also including MS EXCEL In the Execution Settings you set the number of runs a random number seed and indicate whether you want workload and critical path data collected Interposed communication is provided by IPME through the use of Internet domain sockets Communication takes place between endpoints known as sockets Each socket can exchange information with other sockets of an appropriate type within the domain Other sockets can use this protocol to provide data for simulations IPME is also capable of communicating to other High Level Architecture HLA compliant applications The present report is based on a demo version of IPME version 4 5 2 1 IPME MODES IPME can run in two different modes IPME and POPIP Features of each mode include the following IPME uses PSFs to modify operator performance VACP and W Index data are collected Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 9 f r Flugf hrung EE Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu A tool for simulating operator workload and performance P POPIP combines a workload algorithm with IPME based input Central and output demands and task scheduling demands VACP and W Index data are also collected 2 1 1 IPME VACP and W Index IPME uses PSFs to modify operator performance VACP visual auditive cognitive psychomotor and W Index data a
46. cision Rules for Developing a UH 60 Workload Prediction Model Tech Res Prod 89 08 US Army Res Inst Beh And Social Science Army Proj no 2Q263007A793 Anacapa Sci Inc 6 Aldrich T B Szabo S M Bierbaum C R The development and application of models to predict operator workload during system design In Applications of human performance models to system design Defense Res Series vol 2 Plenum Press New York London 1989 7 Wickens C D Hollands J G 2000 Engineering Psychology and Human Performance Prentice Hall N J B Hendy K C Farrell P S E 1997 Implementing a Model of Human Information Processing in a Task Network Simulation Environment Defence amp Civil Inst Of Environmental Medicine DCIEM Report no 98 R 71 11 3 List of Figures Figure 1 IPME main wimdow erei ea EEEE ENEE EEE EE A A 12 Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 84 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME Institut f r Flugf hrung i A tool for simulating operator workload and performance Figure z NIE Foure 3 Edit Meca e a aia E E bie eas Fig re 4 System Me Utica tits Figure 5 Execution Setting Runtime Tab Figure 6 Execution Setting Mission Tab Figure 7 Execution Setting Output Tab Figure 8 Execution Setting POPIP Tab Main subtab sssesseseesessrssrssrrssrresrresrresres Figure 9 Execution Setting POPIP Tab Compatible Tasks Subtab
47. colour is displayed on the Change button Foreground Colour The selected foreground colour displays as the outline colour for the object Click the Change button to select a different foreground colour The currently selected colour is displayed on the Change button Size Select the font size to display from the drop down list Font Select the desired font from the drop down list Style Select the desired font style from the drop down list Colour This option controls the colour of the font Click the Change button to select a different font colour The currently selected colour is displayed on the Change button Preview The preview box shows what your selections will look like _ L EESSSSS Task 1 planes arrives ECH TaskNotes SelectTask 1 w lame planes arrives Main Description PoPiP Y Display Properties d Selected Object Task Display Background Colour Change Foreground Colour m Change iB Change Preview scams Co Ill Figure 40 Task Display Properties Tab Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 64 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 7 Queue The queue is a waiting area in front of a task where entities accumulate while they are wa
48. commercial product by MA amp D The task network model allows a user to easily describe the processes used by a human operator to perform an activity A library of micro model functions is used to calculate various types of human performance times for general classes of activities including cognitive perceptual and psychomotor activities Micro model functions can be used to define human task performance times for micro actions such as walking reading or typing IPME can run in two different modes IPME and POPIP Prediction of Operator Performance Information Processing Perceptual Control Theory modes The POPIP and IPME modes address workload with different algorithms Both modes use a model based on Performance Shaping Functions PSF which globally adjust operator performance based on environmental factors and a taxonomy mapping between performance shaping functions and individual tasks The IP PCT component of POPIP mode uses the Information Processing Perceptual Control Theory Model This algorithm adjusts operator performance based on task scheduling demands Results can be obtained from IPME through a measurement suite A measurement suite is where you define the design of an experiment to run using state and object variables that form the system model You can specify blocking variables independent variables and dependent variables Data collection can be triggered by the end of the run a specific simulation time a task or a queue D
49. cro model can be used in any IPME expression field 5 1 1 Network Diagram This chapter describes the task network diagram IPME incorporates a network diagram for viewing graphical representations of the task network model Any changes that are made to the task network in the network diagram are reflected in the project tree and any changes made in the project tree are reflected in the task network diagram The network diagram contains all the task network model objects including networks tasks queues and decisions The network diagram helps to clearly identify starting tasks and the task sequence The network diagram also offers a tool palette an overview window and cut paste copy paste and undo redo capabilities You can easily navigate multiple windows using the Windows 3 Wait for teller 1 Customer est Je Figure 21 Task Network Model 5 1 2 Snapshots Snapshots are used for custom data collection during simulation A snapshot records the values of particular variables at specified points during model execution These data can then be used to generate statistics and plots describing model execution Defined snapshots can be enabled in the Execution Settings dialogue box Snapshot Parameters Name Contains a name for the results document where the data is to be stored The default name is Snapshot where is the next available integer You can rename the snapshot to reflect its contents Snapshot names have the same res
50. ctive time amp active time standard deviation cycle time active time 8 cycle time standard deviation When this type of task is selected fields pertinent only to other task types are disabled Cycle Time Tcp Taske 1 planes anive 98 IU Rm RR mmm Sp lame planes arrive Task Notes Select Task 1 The cycle time is the inactive Main Description POPIP Display Properties a Timing and Effects Repeating Continuous Failure portion for a repeating task The Tuak Tipe Discite cycle time is used for repeating tasks only Cycle Time Standard Deviation This field contains the standard deviation for the cycle time It is m applied to cycle time active time The cycle time standard deviation is used for repeating tasks only Active Time Active time is the time actually spent performing the task attending time Active time is Op i TP ax Add New Cancel ji Help used for continuous and repeating Figure 31 Task main Tab Repeating Continuous Subtab tasks Active Time Standard Deviation This is the standard deviation for the active time The active time standard deviation is used for continuous and repeating tasks Difficulty This is a subjective rating of the task difficulty that is applied to processing time Permissible values are between 0 and 1 inclusive the default is
51. currently displayed screen Pressing F1 is the same as Lookup clicking the Help button in any open dialogue box F2 checks the model for valid syntax F3 displays a variable list of all available system variables F4 displays a file browser You can select a file from the file browser to be inserted into any text field within IPME The text field must be active for the file browser to display F5 causes the currently selected system to execute F6 will step through execution of the currently selected system F7 causes the currently executing system to pause execution F8 causes the currently executing system to abort execution F9 expands contracts an expression field F10 moves to the previous expression field F11 moves to the next expression field User You can create menu shortcuts to run other applications such as frequently used Application statistical packages from inside IPME You can specify the parameters to launch the external application The list of user applications is specific to each user for a specific machine Each user may define a separate list of user applications Table 10 Tools menu 4 10 Windows menu File Edit System NetModel CrewModel PSFModel EnvModel MeasSuite Tools Windows Help Host Local File System a User mahm_gh Gl p Project Tree F3 1 Project Tree Project Tree oe BB IPME_Project e 8 System1 Figure 18 Windows Menu 1 Project Tree displays
52. d overload Therefore internally paced tasks do not cause the POPIP workload calculation to exceed the workload overload threshold of 100 Externally paced tasks are those tasks performed by an operator that are scheduled by an external source They are scheduled based on an external need independent of operator availability or the operator s status in performing other tasks For example a time sensitive event such as receiving a communication and detecting and reacting to a radar plot is externally paced Externally paced tasks can cause the POPIP workload calculation to exceed the workload overload threshold Scheduling and Priority Fields in the Scheduling and Priority section of the dialogue set the priority category for the task the initial task time pressure and whether the tasks can be interrupted resumed or shed Category specifies the priority for a task according to the latest processing time for the class Categories are described in the following table The k value in the table is the multiplier used to calculate initial task time pressure Interruptible a task that can be stopped during execution An interrupted task can be resumed or restarted later A task that is not resumable will be restarted if possible An uninterruptible task must run to completion once it is started Resumable a task that can be continued from the point of interruption A task that is not resumable will be restarted if possible Discretionary a
53. d with the Watch Variables and Event Queue can be a useful debugging tool Pause This button pauses model execution Simulation F7 Abort This button aborts model execution Simulation F8 Version Contains a list of all versions for the selected item History Created Contains the date dd mm yyyy and time 24 hour clock on which the selected version of the item was created Created By Contains the name of the user that created the selected version of the item Note Enter any additional information about this version optional Description Contains a brief description of the selected version Print to You can print system to a printer Before you print the item use the Print Options Printer dialogue box to select printing options Print to File o O Clear Clearing a system removes the task network crew environment performance System shaping function measurement suite and external communication models from a system Clearing a system also restores the default System Checklist Any changes made to the System Checklist are lost by clearing the system Setting VACP Descriptors The attentional demand analysis algorithm is a measure of task loading for an operator It accounts for sensory information processing and decision making demands on human resources Under VACP each task is rated with regards to the attentional requirements within four independent channels visual auditory cognitive and psychomotor VACP assignments are m
54. den Bildschirme ein praktischer berblick ber die Struktur M glichkeiten und Handhabung des Werkzeugs gegeben Version 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 7 E Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 1 Goal of the Document This report is a manual to be used as a practical guide for initial use of the Integrated Performance Modeling Envirenment IPME of Alion Science Boulder Co It does not replace the detailed IPME user guide Instead it is intended as a quick reference to support the beginner by means of a short description of all relevant displays of the tol supported by figures of the respective displays of menus tabs and input fields The descriptions are based on an IPME demo version 4 5 available for free download Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 8 EE Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 2 IPME Overview IPME is an integrated modeling environment that consists of an environment model acrew model a task network of processes or procedures a performance shaping function model and optional external models These component models are configured into a composite system model The task network modeling system is based on the Micro Saint Human Operator Simulator developed as a
55. ditional information about this version optional Description Contains a brief description of the selected version Print to You can print a PSF model to a printer Before you print the item use the Print Printer Options dialogue box to select printing options Print to File You can print a PSF model to a file The file is saved in HTML format Assign to You can construct a system by assigning PSF models to the system You cannot System assign a component model unless you have the appropriate access privilege to the model Unassigned PSF models can be unassigned from a system Unassigned PSF models are not from System deleted and reside in the project Permissions As the owner of the model or a user with full permissions you can change the access level for a model on a global or individual basis Individual access assignments override global access Access levels include no access read only or full read and write permissions Add PSF Performance Shaping Functions can be added by the user or from the Master Database Table 7 PSF Model menu Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 33 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME sutu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 4 7 Environment Model menu DD IPME Project I File Edit MasterDB System NetModel CrewModel PSFModel EnvModel MeasSuite Tools Windows Help Il New Host Local Fil
56. e The selected task is started at the scheduled ending effect time for this task The end time of a shed task is calculated strictly on the task timing information Mean Time Standard Deviation and Time Distribution It does not include adjustments to the task time due to PSF effects or TDM values Version 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 62 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME Institut f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Se a a ege tosco seris v 9 Main Description Display Properties Scheduling Workload Demands Task Pacing nomaty Pacs Scheduling and Priority return 1 0 Task Priority Time Pressure C Interruptible Resumable Discretionary Shed if Late _ Enable Operator Forgetting TPM Consequences of Shedding 8 Continue Branch Terminate Branch Start Other Task s At Shed Time Select Task At Ending Effect Time Select Task ES Figure 38 Task POPIP Tab Scheduling Subtab 6 3 2 Workload Demands subtab Main Description POPIP Display Properties Assign Workload from Taxons Input r Central r Output Demand o Demand o Demand o
57. e 70 10 39 Network Did said 70 10 4 DECISION Type ua TT 71 OSUNA armen Nee ere 73 10 6 TASKS iii dalla laca 75 10 7 VACP and Workload chat 80 EE c JADDOUIUDO eege ee 84 TS ADDF OVATIONS aci tbe tei aie teni lv ete dae aa 84 1 1 27 References ie Sedem ERR aed a 84 RK EISUOT Figures anstehen Ruben 84 11 4 LAS THOT Tables eebe Eege 85 Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 6 f r Flugf hrung E Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu A tool for simulating operator workload and performance P Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen der WdV Studie XEPRAS extreme events predictor for aeronautical systems 2011 2013 wurde das Tool IPME 1 Integrated Performance Modeling Environment Alion Science Boulder Co im Hinblick auf seinen Nutzen f r die Modellierung und Analyse von Operateurverhalten beim Design neuartiger Mensch Maschine Systeme z B Remote Tower Arbeitsplatz mit unterschiedlichem Automatisierungsgrad untersucht Hierf r wurde vom Hersteller eine Demoversion von IPME v 4 5 zur Verf gung gestellt Das Werkzeug basiert auf der Multiple Resources Theorie z B Wickens 2000 7 und der Perceptual Control Information Processing Time Pressure Theorie 2 3 8 Der vorliegende Bericht ist eine Benutzer Anleitung auf der Basis des sehr umfangreichen und detaillierten Handbuchs In Form von Beschreibungen und Bedienanweisungen f r s mtliche Men s wird mittels screenshots der entsprechen
58. e System e User mahm_gh al a Rename Save to File Project Tree Version History Project Tree Print to Printer IPME_Project Print to File e 8 System1 Assign to System Unassign from System Permissions Add Physical Variable Add Mission Variable Add Crew Variable Add Threat Variable Figure 16 EnvModel menu You add a new environment model by creating a new model of that component type You can rename an environment if you have the appropriate permissions Save to File You can save an environment model to a file The file is saved in XML format Version Contains a list of all versions for the selected item History Created Contains the date dd mm yyyy and time 24 hour clock on which the selected version of the item was created Created By Contains the name of the user that created the selected version of the item Note Enter any additional information about this version optional Description Contains a brief description of the selected version Print to You can print an environment model to a printer Before you print the item use the Printer Print Options dialogue box to select printing options Print to File You can print an environment model to a file The file is saved in HTML format Assign to You can construct a system by assigning environment models to the system You System cannot assign a component model unless you have the
59. e execution settings parameters determine the details of Runtime processing Mission Output POPIP Main compatible task pairs visual areas global operator settings charts 4 3 1 1 Runtime tab parameters Simulation Mode IPME can be executed in two different modes IPME or POPIP Execution in POPIP mode requires a complete system to be defined Task Network Crew Environment and PSF Models The simulation mode is displayed in the Execution Control dialogue title during execution Select one of the following a IPME The simulation will execute in IPME mode PSFs can be used to modify task performance VACP and W Index data can be collected b POPIP The simulation will execute in POPIP scheduling mode PSFs and the Forgetting TPM can be applied to modify task performance Task scheduling can occur POPIP VACP and W Index data can be collected Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 18 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME Institut f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Sonata Goal gp Execution Settings en MCN IPME simulation can be executed Runtime Mission Output POPIP Charts with one of four different goals ai Moda IPME selected No Goal Minimise Cost Scenario Goal No Goal Minimise Crew Size or Balance Utilisation The selected goal will Number of Runs determine which operator is returned C C
60. e row belongs to a task or a network Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 15 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME s tu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Table 3 Edit menu 4 3 System menu A system can consist of any combination of a task network model crew model environment model performance shaping function model measurement suite and an external communications model A task network model is required to execute the system A system is an association of these individual component models Each system also has a system check list to assist the analyst in tracking the progress of a modelling effort File Edit MasterDB NetModel CrewModel PSFModel EnvModel MeasSuite Tools Windows Help Execution Settings i Check for Errors F2 Begin Simulation F5 IPME Project Step Simulation F6 e System Pause Simulation F7 Abort Simulation F8 Save to File Version History Print to Printer Print to File Clear System Settings gt Function Allocation Figure 4 System menu you can add systems to an IPME project If you select Full System the newly added system will contain the default component models task network crew environment and performance shaping models An empty system will not contain any component models You can rename a system if you have the appropr
61. e shaping functions are going to be used to impact task times or task failure Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 83 f r Flugf hrung E Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu A tool for simulating operator workload and performance P 11 Appendix 11 1 Abbrevations IPME integrated performance modeling environment IP TP information processing time pressure NVG night vision goggles PCT perceptual control theory POPIP Prediction of Operator Performance PSF performance shaping function TP time pressure TPM Task performance modifier TDM task demand modifiers VACP visual auditive cognitive psychomotor W Index workload index 11 2 References 1 Fowles Winkler A M 2003 Modelling with the Integrated Performance Modelling Environment IPME Proc 15th European Simulation Symposium SCS European Council ISBN 3 936150 29 X 2 Hendy K C Jianquiao L Milgram P 1997 Combining Time and Intensity Effects in Assessing Operator Information Processing Load Human Factors vol 39 1 pp 30 47 3 Powers W 1973 Behavior The Control of Perception ISBN 0 7045 0092 2 4 Aldrich T B Szabo S M Craddock W P 1986 A computer analysis of LHX automation options and their effect on predicted crew workload Tech Report ASI479 063 85 Fort Rucker AL Anacapa Sciences Inc 5 Bierbaum C R Szabo S M Aldrich T B 1989 Task analysis of the UH 60 Mission and De
62. earching rates and visual acuity are also included Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 44 EE Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 5 1 5 Variables 5 1 5 1 System variables clock or Clock Records elapsed time in simulation time units since the beginning of model execution clock is a variable of double type You can use clock in any expression in your model but use care in changing its value duration Records the time each entity spends in the current task or queue duration is a variable of double type You can use duration in any expression in the ending effects for a task but use care in changing its value group Records the identity of a collection of tasks similar to the tag variable group is a variable of integer type The group number must be an integer Groups can be used to stop suspend and resume a group of tasks meantime Represents the mean time for the current task meantime is a variable of double type This variable is only valid after mean time for the task has been determined otherwise the value is zero run Records the current run number in cases where there are multiple runs You can use run in any expression in your model run is a variable of integer type tag tag 1 to increment the tag numbers Once an entity has a tag value the value stays with that entity through the r
63. emainder of model execution or until you change it When you use tag in an expression IPME interprets it as the number of the entity that is currently being processed Split tags Whenever you have a multiple decision that routes entities to more than one following task IPME splits the entity into multiple entities that have the same tag value as the original entity If you are using tag values as unique identifiers you need to be sure either to renumber the extra entities remove them from the model or merge the split entities later Rejoining tags IPME automatically rejoins any entities that have the same tag number if they both enter an intersection at the same time 5 1 5 2 Variable Variable Parameters Name Contains the name for the variable Description This is an optional field that can contain any descriptive notes about the variable Type Boolean flag variables The boolean variable is often used to determine whether a condition is true or false Booleans can be initialised as false or true Integer whole number Variables that count discrete objects should be defined as integers Double numbers that are not whole numbers IPME displays double variables with six digits to the right of the decimal point Variables that store clock values or measurements of other continuous quantities should be defined as double variables Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 45 nu Integrated performance model
64. er 0 q2counter integer 0 ticounter integer 0 t2 counter integer 0 Table 19 Definition of variables for aircraft landing simulation 10 2 Definition of the Operators have two operators defined Assistant Auto and Controller The Assistant Auto is checking automatically and the Controller is checking manually In the main task screen you need to select an operator in the operator assignment box would use the static drop down box to choose one 10 3 Network Diagram Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 70 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 14 Airport 1 3 listen to request for landing clearance i 12 planes arrive i 22 clearance delivery 13 generate approach AP1 amp 2 15 Airport 2 D normal ops w o de 10 4 Decision Type A the decision should be multiple because the spinner task would then be based on number of airplane You would continue to generate new planes tags until 100 airplane tag 100 had passed The ending effect of task planes arrive should increment the tag number to create unique tags also tag 1 gt Edit Decision Routing for Task 12 planes arrive Il 12 planes arrive return tag lt 100 13 generate approach AP1 amp 2 return true B the decision should be probabilistic
65. er with full permissions you can change the access level for amodel on a global or individual basis Individual access assignments override global access Access levels include no access read only or fullread and write permissions Task The criticality of a task refers to the mission category of the task Task criticality Criticality definitions are used in the Task Criticality tab in the Task dialogue box to determine whether a task is critical A task is critical if the Base Criticality Rating is greater than the user defined threshold Values range from 0 to 10 inclusive Overlapping ranges are not allowed Not all descriptions must be used but the full range of integers 0 10 must map to some text description For example you could define 0 5 to be Moderate and 6 10 to be Critical but could not specify 0 2 as Moderate and 6 10 as Critical without mappings for the remaining range 3 5 To omit a range from the mapping the minimum and maximum range values must be equal and some other range must map to this value Task The task spreadsheet viewer allows you to view and edit network and task information Spreadsheet for alltasks and networks within a project from the same dialogue This view is useful for copying and pasting the same information between tasks or networks It also allows for comparison of task information Each row contains information for atask or network contained in the project with one column dedicated for each
66. es The way that IP PCT recognises and quantifies time pressure fills a void in the POP theory POP recognises that time pressure is important but has not yet quantified it Also the structural interference that is represented in IP PCT has been captured to a greater level of detail than the structural interference representation implemented in the POP scheduler IP PCT allows operator tasks to be interrupted delayed and shed POP allows tasks to be interrupted and delayed but not shed The inclusion of shed tasks increases the realism of the task management strategy In POPIP modellers can now designate tasks that can be shed due to memory size limitations or time pressure constraints which the POP algorithm did not address The goal of POPIP is to create a workload scheduler that addresses workload time pressure structural limitations and task manipulation options shed delay and interrupt in one comprehensive workload model Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 10 f r Flugf hrung EE Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu A tool for simulating operator workload and performance P 2 1 2 1 POP Contributions POPIP incorporates most of POP The Task Demand Modifiers TDMs have been retained as have the operator workload overload and tasks interrupt and delay due to workload overload For each task assigned to an operator the POP inputs have been retained with one minor exception The user ca
67. es in the format of a task or network ID number such as 2 1 9 Name Contains the name of the function All user defined functions have a default name of Function where is incremented each time you define a new function You can use this default name but it is recommended that you name the function something that reflects its use It is also recommended that you capitalise function names to distinguish them from other expressions in your model Function names have the same restrictions as variable names Description Contains notes and comments about the function This is an optional field Arguments Arguments can be passed to a user defined function Arguments appear in parentheses next to the function name in the project tree For example int status means that an integer variable named status will be passed to the function The arguments passed to functions can be integers doubles strings booleans or task_id Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 43 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME Institut f r Flugf hrung i A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Expressions Contains Edit Function void MyFunctioni void W i X m the expressions defining w MyFunction1 the function Be sure to er Description separate expressions with a semicolon A user defined function EE is useful when you have Array Dim a complicated expression or
68. ether structural interference due to the visual domain is considered when tasks with a visual component are scheduled This option is only available when Enable Structural Interference is selected Auditory Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 22 f r Flugf hrung Be Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu A tool for simulating operator workload and performance P Controls whether structural interference due to the auditory domain is considered when tasks with an auditory component are scheduled This option is only available when Enable Structural Interference is selected Psychomotor Controls whether structural interference due to the psychomotor domain is considered when tasks with a psychomotor component are scheduled This option is only available when Enable Structural Interference is selected Enable POP Workload Calculation Controls whether the POP Workload Calculation will be used to schedule tasks during model execution POP mode Controls the POP mode used for the simulation When you click this button a menu displays with a selection of POP Prediction of Operator Performance modes The POP model is based on a set of rules that define work load demand and the consequences on performance depending on the factors that are inherent to a task POP modes include the following Post Processing POP data processed after model execution The Execution Settings dialogue box is labelled POP P
69. for selected variables Crews Enter the range of crews for which results will be generated In the left text box enter the first crew number for which you want to view results In the right text box enter the last crew number for which you want to view results Trials Enter the range of trials for which results will be generated In the left text box enter the first trial number for which you want to view results In the right text box enter the last trial number for which you want to view results Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 36 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Runs Enter the range of runs for which results will be generated In the left text box enter the first run number for which you want to view results In the right text box enter the last run number for which you want to view results Database The Database Administration Tool DBAT is a Java based application created to Admin Tool assist users in managing IPME and Master databases Users can view a list of and DBAT delete databases add and remove users and view assign and revoke access to any of the IPME or Master databases The MySQL root password is used to log into the Database Administration Tool Postgre SQL Migrate projects from MySQL to PostgreSQL Migration Tool User Preferences E Key F1 opens Help for the
70. ght 49 Weight 70 Cognitive Psychomotor Evaluation Judgement Several Is Continuous Adjustive zj Weight 16 8 Weight 2 6 Taxon Percentages i Map Weight to Windex e None Map Rating to Windex 20 Vigilance Windex Channels 20 Visual Perception l Visual Perception 70 10 Auditory Perception Auditory Perception 5 0 10 Spatial Cognition Verbal Cognition 6 0 10 Verbal Numeric Cognition Spatial Cognition 30 o Fine Discrete Psychomotor Output Manual Response 20 Fine Continuous Psychomotor Output Speech Response 20 5 Gross Motor 10 Vocal Output D IT ox Tagen Gen top lll VACE RTO CL1 ii Options Charts Controller 500 1 000 1500 2000 2500 3 000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6 000 6 500 clock Visual Auditory Cognitive Psychomotor ConcurrentTasks Version 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 80 f r Flugf hrung nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME sutu A tool for simulating operator workload and performance P lil Windex RTO_CL1 Options Charts Controller IN ll 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6 000 6 500 IN INN clock WithinChannel Interference Workloadindex ConcurrentTasks Version 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 81 Institut f r Flugf hrung Integrated performance
71. group of Add Argument Expression expressions used in your model In all instances where the function name is encountered in the model the expressions are executed Add New Cancel Figure 24 Function 5 1 4 2 System micro models Function Micro model functions are included with IPME and show some of the various types of human activity models that exist These activities range from the very detailed movements such as eye movement and eye fixation to larger movements such as walking For some of the micro model functions the time values have already been calculated For others the time value is calculated based on the values passed to the function IPME provides the following classes of Micro Model functions Cognitive Micro Model Functions Cognitive micro model functions address time required for thought processes such as simple reaction times response to an on or off condition reaction time requiring a physical match and times for the perceptual motor and the cognitive subsystem Motor Micro Model Functions Motor micro models address time required for small motor movements such as moving a cursor moving a hand to a target pushing buttons turning rotary dials and typing rates Perceptual Micro Model Functions Perceptual micro model functions address times required to visually locate a target such as eye fixation movement and head movement times Listening reading and s
72. iate permissions Execution You can execute a simulation based only a task network IPME mode only or you Setting can execute a simulation based on a system which includes the task network model and the other component models You are not required to have a measurement suite experiment defined in order to run the simulation Execution Settings Parameters Runtime Tab Mission Tab Output Tab POPIP Tab Subtab Main Compatible Tasks Visual Areas Global Operator Setting Charts Tab Check for Error checking begins automatically Errors F2 If no errors are found the Control tab displays If errors are found the Error Checking tab will display the errors found You must Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 16 SE Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR _ resolve the errors before you can continue Begin You can execute a simulation based only a task network IPME mode only or you Simulation can execute a simulation based on a system which includes the task network model F5 and the other component models You are not required to have a measurement suite experiment defined in order to run the simulation Step You can step through model execution one event at a time This option is available Simulation only when the model has not yet begun execution or when model execution is F6 paused Step execution use
73. included with special distributions of IPME This mode can be selected with either the client or the server option System Checklist The System Check List allows you to take notes for the stages of analysis you are conducting The default check list items are standard analysis steps in a human engineering program Use the System Check List to help you manage the stages required to build your system The System Check List can help ensure you complete critical tasks Function IPME uses a design evaluation matrix to determine function allocation In this method Allocation candidate subsystem alternatives are listed and compared against selected criteria for allocation response time error rate operability cost etc Each function evaluation criteria relationship is assigned a numerical score describing how well each function best meets the selected evaluation criteria Use the Function Allocation subtab for each task to designate whether the functions in a task should be performed by operators machines or both By default the Function Allocation list contains 21 criteria used to determine whether a task should be performed by an operator machine or both The analyst may add or remove criterion as necessary Weighted values for the 21 criteria were developed by the Canadian Defence and Civil Institute for Environmental Medicine Note that not all criteria require a non zero value Table 4 Edit menu 4 3 1 Execution Settings Parameters Th
74. ing environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Task_id values in the format of a task or network ID number such as 2 1 9 Task_ids can be used to control task execution Array an ordered set of values or elements identified by a single name Each array element is referred to by the array s name and the element s position in the array For each array you must also assign the following Array Dimensions Specifies the number of dimensions in an array Click the button adjacent to the appropriate array dimension Highest Index Highest Index C Edit Variable Variablel specifies the highest index number in the array Be sure to define the index range large enough to handle all the possible elements you may have for the array There is currently no limit on the size of Initial Value an array 0 0 Initial Value An initial value of zero is assumed unless otherwise specified The initial value of a 0 variable is reset at the Ol Add New beginning of each run If the variable is an array the initial Figure 25 Variable Dialoge value applies to all elements 5 2 Crew Models A crew model consists of a group of operators that are available for use in taskassignments An operator is defined by the characteristics properties traits states and anthropometry Operator variables
75. ion 2 3 7 Discriminate Detect Visual Difference Visual Perception 3 4 0 Inspect Check Discrete Inspection Static Visual Condition Perception 4 5 0 Locate Align Selective Orientation Visual Perception 5 5 4 Track Follow Maintain Orientation Visual Perception 6 5 9 Read Symbol Visual Perception 7 7 0 Scan Search Monitor Continuous Serial Visual Inspection Perception Multiple Conditions Visual Aided NVG Night Vision Goggles 1 1 0 Register Detect Detect Occurrence of Image Visual Perception 2 4 8 Discriminate Detect Visual Difference Visual Perception 3 5 0 Inspect Check Discrete Inspection Static Visual Condition Perception 4 5 6 Locate Align Selective Orientation Visual Perception 5 6 4 Track Follow Maintain Orientation Visual Perception 6 6 7 Read Symbol Visual Perception 7 7 0 Scan Search Monitor Continuous Serial Visual Inspection Perception Auditory C c 1 1 0 Detect Register Sound Detect Occurrence of Auditory Sound Perception Anticipated Sound 2 2 0 Orient to Sound General Auditory Orientation Attention Perception 3 4 2 Orient to Sound Selective Auditory Orientation Attention Perception 4 4 3 Verify Auditory Feedback Detect Occurrence Auditory Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 56 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME Institut f r Flugf hrung A tool
76. ion of the item was created Created By Contains the name of the user that created the selected version of the item Note Enter any additional information about this version optional Description Contains a brief description of the selected version Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 31 SE Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Print to You can print acrew model to a printer Before you print the item use the Print Options Printer dialogue box to select printing options Print to File You can print a crew model to a file The file is saved in HTML format Print Model Basic parts of the crew model can be printed to a CSV file Operator to CSV File Type DefinedBy Name Attribute Sampling Unit Minimum Maximum Mean Expression and Standard Deviation are included You can construct a system by assigning crew models to the system You cannot System assign a component model unless you have the appropriate access privilege to the model Unassign Crew models can be unassigned from a system Unassigned crew models are not from System deleted and reside in the project Permissions As the owner of the model or a user with full permissions you can change the access level for a model on a global or individual basis Individual access assignments override global access Access levels include n
77. ion to define the appropriate timing for the task Type Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 51 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Displays the type of task discrete repeating or continuous The task type can also be selected on the POPIP tab using the Scheduling subtab Mean Time The mean time field is a value that represents the average number of time units this can be seconds minutes hours and so on to execute a task Standard Deviation Contains the number or expression for the standard deviation in time units to use in task time calculations The actual execution time for a discrete task is based on the time parameters in this window Release Condition Task 1 planes ori NN as s a ees wi lame planes arrive Task Notes Select Task This field contains an Main Description POPIP Display Properties expression that determines Timing and Effects Repeating Continuous l Failure whether the task can execute Time Distribution Normal Type Discrete A Mean Time Ki Release Condition Ki A task can only execute when E El S return 70 0 return true the logical evaluation of the release condition is true You supply the release condition Standard Deviation KI Beginning Effec
78. iting to execute the task Queues adopt the release condition of the associated task If you have a queue on a repeating task there would be a loop back and a new entity would enter the queue again For aqueue to accumulate entities each entity must be defined as a separate tag number If atag enters the queue and the tag number is already present the two will be merged as a consequence of the release condition Associated Task 9 generate approach AP1 amp 2 FIFO x Entering Effects E Release Condition E i return true Da Sort Order Kl Queue Expressions Display Properties OK Cancel Help Figure 41 Task Queue Dialoge Queue Parameters The Queue Parameters are contained in the Edit Queue dialogue Name Contains the name of the queue ID Contains the queue number The queue is automatically assigned the reference number containing the associated task Associated Task Contains the task_id and name of the task associated with the queue Queue Order Specifies the order for sorting the entities When you click the Queue Order button a drop down menu displays with the following options Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 65 Be Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR FIFO First in Firs
79. lt mean time taxon PSF Expression 50 Table 15 VACP channels 15 eg enter Ce Ere e EY AR IER Rae ae ME DERE ee ERR dd 57 Table 6 GonflicEMalrix 2 2 2440 a tee a eot tete avec Enna ea RE de d Ree A Cn tenes 58 Table 17 Workload Index results nossnnnneeossensnnnnetesnnnnnnsrestrttnnnnsneettnnnnnnsaentnnnnnnsnnentnnnnnnentnn nnmnnn 58 Tane Tg Operator iere nu teet reed ei esent e eese tu Queue Lana era eee gr dia us de due ene dog e de e dde 69 Table 19 Definition of variables for aircraft landing simulation sssssesssssrssssrrssssrrssrrnssrinnssrinnssrnnas 70 Version 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 86
80. lt properties are fixed for IPME but you can add other properties An attribute is a single value that indicates the status of the operator Traits describe non physical operator personality characteristics such as agility susceptibility to motion sickness fitness or cognitive ability Predefined traits are available by linking to an operator in the master database list and cannot be deleted but you can add and delete userdefined traits Traits are generally viewed as those characteristics of a human that will not change as a function of the simulation States Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 47 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR are operator characteristics that can be formulated from the combination of operator properties and traits in conjunction with environment and task network variables States include factors such as mental alertness clothing encumbrance hunger thirst morale or fear Predefined states are available by linking to an operator in the master database and cannot be deleted but you can add and delete user defined states States are generally viewed as those characteristics of a human that can change as a function of the simulation Anthropometry can be used to determine whether an operator violates reach or fit restrictions when the reach or fit is modeled through expressi
81. mined experimentally States Limit Version 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 23 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Controls the limit used on the number of states To prevent the processing time from exceeding a reasonable limit the number of states can be limited This processing bound reduces the accuracy of the workload calculations mean time pressure value is recorded at the end of the sliding window The POPIP scheduler runs on unitless time If you create a model with the time units based on minutes the time pressure variable would also be based on minutes Width Contains the value for the total time to be used in time pressure calculations A time window value equal to four times the mean of the longest task duration is a recommended starting point Resolution This value is used to scale the width of the time window For example if events are hours apart you would want to avoid having a 60 second window Task Resume Penalty This field contains a multiplier for the mean task execution time to be applied when a task is interrupted and scheduled to be restarted Enable Task Priority Time Runtime Mission Output POPIP Charts Main Compatible Tasks Visual Areas Global Operator Settings Pressure When this option is selected IPME will prioritise tasks being
82. n enter Input Central and Output Demand Ratings specify the sub channel utilised except for specific psychomotor designations and categories each task as internally or externally paced The specific psychomotor channel designation such as left or right hand now uses the more comprehensive structural interference implemented in the IP PCT model 2 1 2 2 IP PCT Contributions From IP PCT POPIP inherited some of its workload processing and scheduling capabilities Users can enter task scheduling and priorities as well as the consequences for shedding a task POPIP includes a tab on the task information dialogue to enter these task components The components available for selection are visual except for externally cued including visual areas peripheral or central focus required the designated home area and the visual subtense range limits auditory where the user selects whether the task is externally cued and selects from a difficulty category and psychomotor preferred and non preferred where the user details which psychomotor resources for example left or right hand are used to complete the task In POPIP it is assumed that once a task is started with either the preferred channel or the non preferred channel it does not get reassigned unless it is restarted Externally cued visual detection events are not implemented in the POPIP scheduler Because POPIP differs from POP by recognising shed tasks the features from IP PCT which add
83. n nodes exist in the network drawing and decision items exist in the tree 1 planes arrive generate tags for 100 plane return tag lt 100 9 generate approach AP1 amp 2 return true Figure 42 Task Decision Dialoge Decision Parameters Decision Type Contains the type of decision The three types of decisions are tactical multiple and probabilistic Multiple and tactical decision types are rule based decisions while the probabilistic decision type is mathematically based The rules for tactical and multiple decisions are defined through logical or mathematical expressions using the IPME simulation language A drop down list contains the following decision types Multiple All of the following paths with true routing conditions begin execution simultaneously following execution of the current task When this happens the entity exiting the current task splits into multiple entities one for each following task These entities all have the same tag value unless you change the tag value in the following tasks In some models you may want to change the tag values to avoid having the same tag value executing in the model in more than one place You can define an expression later in the network model such as in a release condition to rejoin the multiple entities so Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 67 E Integrated performance modeling environment IPME
84. nrnn nenene nn Figure 33 Task description Tab VACP and Winden Figure 34 Task description Tab Function Allocation Subtab eenn Figure 35 Task description Tab Task Criticality Subtab sss Figure 36 Task Description Tab Reports Gubtab Figure 37 Task description Tab Required Traits Subtab sseseeeeeeeeeereeerrssrresresrreeren Figure 38 Task POPIP Tab Scheduling Subtab sse Figure 39 Task POPIP Tab Workload Demands Subtab esses Figure 40 Task Display Properties Tab Figure 41 Task Queue Dialoge cooocococcconocicoccccconnnononcnanoccnnnccnnn nn naar nn nan nc cnn nar nn nana nnne Figure 42 Task Decision Dialoge 11 4 List of Tables Table 1 Components of main window nennen Table 2 a x Peu pee vg eer E rte ud Table 3 Edit mer idee i atri Etc tari RE Dee eere ri lo iua RE Leid ase egt Table 4 Edit En EE EIER M E ee EE EE EIER e ee Hu EE Table 7 PSF Model Men NEE Table 8 EnvModel menu Version ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx 2014 02 11 Seite 85 f r Flugf hrung E Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu A tool for simulating operator workload and performance P BEE AO ET 35 Table Oz Tools MEU aia EI f ad RETE 37 Fable Ti Windows Menu ota 37 Table 12 Help menu iiaiai es ls ld 38 Table 13 PSF equations n n en ea ea edel 50 Table 14 PSF Resu
85. nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR that it can complete the model as one entity In the case where all evaluated path expressions return false none of the paths is followed Probabilistic Only one of the following tasks executes next you supply the probability of each path executing next in its routing condition The probability that a particular task follows is equal to its probability value in the routing condition field divided by the sum of the probability values of all possible following tasks For example if the probability value is 25 percent for Task A you could enter return 25 return 1 or return 25 in the routing condition for Task A and enter return 75 return 3 or return 75 respectively for the routing condition for Task B In the case where all evaluated path expressions are false or equal to zero a run time error will occur Tactical The tactical decision type is used for rule based decisions where one and only one path will be followed The path with the tactical expression that evaluates to the highest value executes next you supply the tactical expression as the routing condition In the case where all evaluated path expressions are equal the path listed first in the Decision Routing dialogue box will be followed 9 Operator You can use a wide variety of operators to perform operations on numeric values These operators are summarised in the following table
86. nvironmental factors is measured in IPME with performance shaping functions These are a group of conditions that may influence an operator while he or she is performing a task or activity and can degrade the task time and task accuracy The time to perform and or the error rate may be altered as a result of the performance shaping function Performance shaping functions are qualified with a taxonomy that classifies tasks according to basic human skills Degradation functions are then created for each performance shaping function The taxonomy for skills used by IPME is as follows Attention Vigilance The ability to actively attend to a complex stimulus for extended periods of time to detect specified changes that indicate the occurrence of some phenomenon that is critical to task performance Attention is required for a task such as driving a vehicle In this case attention would be a combination of cognitive and sensory resources but also has the added characterisation that the person must be focused on the task Perception Visual Auditory The ability to detect and categorise specific stimulus patterns Visual perception would be used for tasks where the operator would seesomething like detecting a target or reading a book Auditory perception would be used for tasks where the operator was required to hear something such as a warning bell Cognition Spatial O Edit PSPS ON e Verbal Numeric E ele The ability to ap
87. o DIAG A A Nes A O 40 5 12 REESEN Tm PT getrei EE Eet 40 5 13 EELER E Dee a 42 5 1 4 FUNCION aia 43 5 1 5 ele 45 5 2 Grew MOGelS c ret teret Rd o EE 46 5 3 Environment Models ooccnnocccnnnccnonccinonacinanocanacinnnacinanocannnonnno cono no canononannnronnncnnn a a a 48 5 4 Performance Shaping Function Models AAA 49 5 5 Measurement SUITE tin eive Iter te Ere tty ete ee E e ee eere ee 51 5 6 External Models iii eret ee a ta ES 51 6 HE EM ainda 51 Sat GE e ONE e EEN 51 6 1 1 Timing and Effects SUD Door tas 51 6 1 2 Repeating Continuous Subtab sees teen trennen 53 61 3 Eleng 54 62 Description Taba as ob bur reda US KIM OI eode a S E duco aid 55 6 2 1 VACP and W Index Subtab eese nne enne nennt 55 6 2 2 Function Allocation Subtab sse entes 59 6 23 A EE 59 ouo AR A Aa 60 6 2 5 Required Traits Subtab ner 60 63 PORR Tabs tl ettet ti O A tee e cda 61 8 3 1 Scheduling SUD uc dias 61 6 3 2 Workload Demands eubtab ente 63 64 Display Properties urnas anal 64 Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 5 Be Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung i A tool for simulating operator workload and performance P CU SAA A ERU TRU ER 65 Brio E FERNER 67 9 EE ee 68 10 1 E a Re a Os ene AROS 70 10 1 Definition ofthe variables uui isset tts ae litis 70 10 2 le te Bee Ee o aer
88. o access read only or full read and write permissions Each operator characteristic can consist of one or more attributes An attribute is the name of a value or expression that indicates the status of a characteristic Add Operator properties consist of the default physical characteristics for each operator Property Eyes LeftFoot RightFoot LeftHand and RightHand These default properties are fixed for IPME but you can add other properties Add state States are operator characteristics that can be formulated from the combination of operator properties and traits in conjunction with environment and task network variables States include factors such as mental alertness clothing encumbrance hunger thirst morale or fear Add trait Traits describe non physical operator personality characteristics such as agility susceptibility to motion sickness fitness or cognitive ability Traits are generally viewed as those characteristics of an operator that will not change as a function of the simulation Add An operator attribute is a single value that indicates the status of the operator The Attribute default attribute for each characteristic is named Value To add an attribute select the characteristic in the project tree to which you want to add an attribute Import Trait This feature can be used to import trait attribute values from an xml file The xml file Data must adhere to the format required by IPME Table 6 CrewModel menu
89. on To set a time limit select the Enable Time Limit check box and enter a time value in the adjacent field Scenario Events Controls which scenario events are selected for execution Events are defined in the project Cancel tree Figure 6 Execution Setting Mission Tab 4 3 1 3 Output Tab Parameters The Output tab contains the following parameters System Output Directory Contains the location where the simulation results files will be stored To change the Output Directory Click Browse The Choose A Directory dialogue displays Browse to and select the desired output directory Click Open Output will be saved to the specified directory Version 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 20 E Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Output Execution Trace trc Controls whether a file is produced that contain the beginning time and ending time for each task executed during the model run The trace file shows the steps taken by each entity as it travels through the network diagram and can be a useful tool for debugging the model Trace files have the extension trc Output Execution Viewer File evf Controls whether an evffile is generated These files can be viewed in the Execution Viewer The files created using this option are a graphical representation of the
90. ons 5 3 Environment Models The environment model consists of a set of environment variables Environment variables are based on external factors that make up the scenario and consist of the following Physical variables include factors of the physical environment such as temperature humidity wind and terrain Mission variables include communications intelligence and weapons reliability Crew variables relate to how well the group performs as a team and includes factors such as supervision leadership style morale and supervision Threat variables refer to the degree of threat from an enemy and the position of the target Operator characteristics lt gt Edit Environment Variable Crew Clarity of Role can depend on VERE environment factors such Clarity of Role as clothing hunger thirst Description or physical fatigue Operator characteristics are assigned in the crew Initial Value model PSF expressions can depend on or use environment variables to build stressor effects on modelled human performance e Cancel Figure 27 Environment Variable Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 48 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 5 4 Performance Shaping Function Models The relationship between the human e
91. ostprocessing Mode a TDM Display task demand modifiers TDM are calculated The Execution Settings dialogue box is labelled POP Runtime Mode display only The TDM values are not applied to tasks during model execution b TDM Effects task demand modifiers TDM are calculated displayed and automatically applied to tasks during model execution The Execution settings dialogue box is labelled POP Runtime Mode time error effects c TDM Scheduler task demand modifiers TDM are calculated displayed and automatically applied to tasks during model execution Tasks are also rescheduled delayed accordingly The Execution Settings dialogue box is labelled POP Runtime Mode overload rescheduling The POP mode is only available when Enable POP Workload Calculation has been selected TDM Calculation Controls the type of TDM calculation that is used When you click this button a menu displays with a selection of TDM Task Demand Modifiers Calculations Select one of the following calculations to use in the model simulation Standard Weighted Maximum and Weighted Maximum The TDM Calculation is only available when Enable POP Workload Calculation has been selected During execution Task Demand Multiplier values are color coded to indicate the severity of the TDM effects Error Multiplier Controls the error multiplier that is used In determining the effect of the workload on error rate an error constant is used The constant is deter
92. ply concepts and rules to information from the environment and memory to i unction Type determine a course of action 8 Mean Time Task Failure Intermediate Function ic i i Taxon Assignments Th IS I nel ud es communicati ng th e Attention Perception Cognition Motor Output course of action to others Spatial C Vigilance C Visual C Spatial C Fine Discrete C vocal Sos C Auditory Verbal Numeric Fine Continuous represents cognition on spatially displayed materials such as Expression Ei maps Verbal Numeric represents PEP cognition on words or numbers including mathematical calculations oK e Add New Cancel n Help Figure 28 Performance Shaping Function Models Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 49 E Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Motor Fine Discrete Fine Continuous Gross Physical action using parts of the body such as arms or legs Fine Discrete motor skills are motions such as setting a dial Fine Continuous skills are motions such as tracking with a mouse Gross motor skills are movements such as lifting or moving heavy materials closing a door or other motions not demanding a significant amount of attention e Output Vocal The ability to send a vocal message The vocal skill would be used for a person to
93. re collected The attentional demand algorithm measures the task loading for an operator within four separate channels and accounts for the demands on human resources With this algorithm each task is rated with regard to the weighted task demand specific requirements within the four independent channels Visual Auditory Cognitive and Psychomotor VACP The format of these ratings was developed originally for an LHX mission function analysis performed by Aldrich and others 4 for the US Army Research Institute The scales provide a subjective rating for various levels of attentional demand Additional work was later published by Bierbaum Aldrich and others 5 6 providing enhanced descriptors and interval scale values An additional descriptor was included entitled Visually Aided Read in the Night Vision Goggles NVG scale by BAE Systems Canada formerly the Canadian Marconi Company The channels used for this model include visual perception auditory perception verbal cognition spatial cognition manual response and speech response Ratings are based on ordinal categories integers from 1 to 7 2 1 2 POPIP POPIP prediction of operator performance information processing combines a workload algorithm with IPME based on input Because POP and IP PCT already existed in IPME 3 x the two were combined to achieve a workload scheduling method which capitalises on the strengths of each scheduler while also recognising their similariti
94. refer to factors affecting the operator such as clothing hunger thirst or physical fatigue Operator variablesare assigned in the crew model and can depend on environment expressions Operator assignments can easily be made at the task level in the Task Information dialogue box Operators can also be assigned a work load for each task The work load level is dependent on the network task the operator is executing Additionally IPME assigns the percentage demand for the abilities required to execute a task by the operator based on the performance shaping functions Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 46 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME sutu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR CG Edit Operator Assistant Auto Assistant Auto scription Anthropometry POPIP Scheduler Misc Sex Male Female Reset Percentile Independent Variables Dependent Variables Name Value Units Range Name Value Units 465 0 mm 396 0 547 0 EFT 480 1 mm 368 0 mm 322 0 425 0 EHS 1662 4 mm 1775 0 1514 0 2009 0 FR 801 1 937 0 824 0 1026 0 FW 4650 607 0 515 0 693 0 SEH 8244 50 0 110 0 666 4 423 8 de Figure 26 Operator Anthropometry Properties consist of the default physical characteristics for each operator Eyes LeftFoot RightFoot LeftHand and RightHand These defau
95. ress memory limits have been included The IP PCT Task Performance Modifier TPM of Forgetting is included The Preferred and Non preferred psychomotor channel selections are used to determine whether two tasks have structural interference 3 Getting started The system specifications provided here indicate the minimum required to execute IPME However the recommended system specification will result in improved system performance Complex or large models may require additionalsystem capabilities Supported Operating Systems RedHat Enterprise Linux 5 X Microsoft Windows XP or Microsoft Windows 7 Minimum 1GB free disk space Recommended 1 5 GB free disk space The free space size does not include swap space for Linux or the virtual memory or paging file for Windows Minimum 1GB RAM and 3GB combined RAM and swap space Recommended 2GB RAM and 4GB combined RAM and swap space CD ROM drive Minimum CPU speed of 1 5 GHz Recommended multi core CPU speed of 1 8 GHz Version 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 11 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME sutu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance The following are system requirements DLR For Microsoft Windows XP and Microsoft Windows 7 Microsoft NET Runtime version 3 0 or newer For RedHat Enterprise Linux Mono NET Runtime version 1 2 5 1 or Newer One of the following is required if the user wants
96. rew Sampling Enabled from the getQualifiedOpers function u Run Measurement Suite Experiments Scenario Goal contains the following parameters E Pause on Runtime Errors No Goal Minimise Cost Minimise Pause Immediately on Debug or Pause Statements Crew Size Balance Ultilisation v Animate Execution Number of Runs Random Number Seed Enter the number of times to execute the model If the number of runs is Enable VACP Calculation greater than one the execution v Enable W Index Calculation times paths of execution and other probabilistic events are different for OK Cancel each run Figure 5 Execution Setting Runtime Tab If you execute the model multiple times with the Output Snapshot option selected the results files contain data from all of the runs Crew Sampling Enabled Controls whether sampled initial values are used for trait attributes and anthropometry values rather than the Initial Mean values entered in the Edit Trait Attribute dialogue box and the Anthropometry tab in the Edit Operator dialogue box Number of Crews Sampled Specify the number of times to randomly sample initial values for trait attributes and anthropometry variables from the operator population Run Measurement Suite Experiments Controls whether the measurement experiment is run during system execution Pause on Runtime Errors Controls whether the model
97. s assignments override global access Access levels include no access read only or full read and write permissions Table 9 Tools menu Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 35 geng Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 4 9 Tools menu C2 IPME Project je Eile Edit Ma System NetModel CrewModel PSFModel EnvModel MeasSuite Tools Windows Help ent M er Host Local File System l a S User mahm_gh Execution Viewer Report Viewer Str Project Tree Database Admin Tool DBAT St E Project Tree PostgreSQL Migration Tool Str IPME Project User Preferences o System1 F Key Lookup Strg Umschalt User Applications Figure 17 Tools menu Document Before you can add any documents to the Document Manager you must define at Manager least one editor After adding an editor you can add document folders and then add the documents The topmost folder is titled Documents and the nodes immediately below that are the user defined folders which are groupings of documents Documents associated with each grouping are listed below the folder name From the Document Manager window you can add rename and delete folders and documents associate a document with its editor and open a document for viewing Execution To collect an Execution Viewer file select the Outp
98. s the extension AM Output Execution Viewer File evf v Output W Index File windex windex i C Ignore Branching Log Output Operator Time Pressure itp Output Operator Time Output Critical Path Results cpr v Output Run Times File ttm Pressure itp Select Output External Communications Log log this checkbox to collect C Output Snapshots ssr the operator time C Output Task and Quei pressure data This file Available Snapshots Selected Snapshots ER Snapshots has the extension itp Output Run Times File ttm Select this checkbox to collect the run times data This file has the extension ttm This file collects the final clock value for each run Cancel Help Figure 7 Execution Setting Output Tab 4 3 1 4 POPIP Tab Parameters The POPIP tab contains three subtabs that are used to control execution when POPIP mode is selected Main Compatible Tasks and Visual Areas 4 3 1 4 1 POPIP Main Subtab The Main subtab contains these parameters Enable Structural Interference Controls whether Structural Interference is applied during model execution Enabling this option will cause tasks to get delayed interrupted or shed based on structural interference in the selected channel s Select the appropriate categories from the following list Visual Auditory Psychomotor Visual Controls wh
99. specified in the Execution Settings dialogue box Add Snapshots are used for custom data collection during simulation A snapshot records Snapshot the values of particular variables at specified points during model execution These data can then be used to generate statistics and plots describing model execution Defined snapshots can be enabled in the Execution Settings dialogue box Variables include task network user defined and physical environment mission crew physical and threat variables You can use variables in any expression field Table 5 NetModel menu 4 5 CrewModel menu File Edit MasterDB System NetModel PSFModel EnvModel MeasSuite Tools Windows Help Host Local File System User mahm gh Save to File Version History Print to Printer IPME Project Print to File o system Print Model to CSV File Assign to System Unassign from System Permissions Add Operator Add Property Add State Add Trait Add Attribute Import Trait Data Figure 14 CrewModel menu New You add a new crew model by creating a new model of that component type You can rename crew model if you have the appropriate permissions Save to File You can save a crew model to a file The file is saved in XML format Version Contains a list of all versions for the selected item History Created Contains the date dd mm yyyy and time 24 hour clock on which the selected vers
100. specified or the end of the run You enter the following Start Time The time the snapshot will occur Repeat Interval The amount of time between snapshots Repeat Until The point in the simulation when the repeating snapshot will cease to repeat Choose one of the following Time The ending time for the snapshot Enter the ending time in the Stop Time field End The snapshot repeats until the simulation is finished Edit Snapshot Snay S riggered By End of Run Task 2 Queue Clock D Variables to Store Available Variables Selected Variables lo Testi crew o Ml Environment o System Variables Task Network Variables Figure 22 Snapshot Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 41 EE Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 5 1 3 Scenario event Scenario Events are time or condition based events that you can use to change the state of the simulation Events can be used to start sections of the network or assign values to variables independent of when an entity begins or ends a task or enters or departs a queue The expressions assigning the values can be scheduled to occur at a specific clock time or when a specific condition is met in the model You can use events to start stop suspend or resume specific tasks or groups of
101. t Cognitive Psychomotor NA e NA v Weight Weight Taxon Percentages Map Weight to Wilndex 100 None i Map Rating to W lndex 0 Vigilance Wiindex Channels 0 Visual Perception Visual Perception lo D 0 Auditory Perception Auditory Perception lo 0 Spatial Cognition Verbal Cognition o o Verbal Numeric Cognition o jo jo Spatial Cognition fo 0 Fine Discrete Psychomotor Output Manual Response lo 0 o Fine Continuous Psychomotor Output Speech Response lo 0 o Gross Motor Vocal Output zie Ei o Total Taxon Percentage 4 H Il OK Add New Cancel Help Figure 33 Task description Tab VACP and W Index Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 55 Institut f r Flugf hrung Integrated performance modeling environment IPME A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR The channels used for this model include visual perception auditory perception verbal cognition spatial cognition manual response and speech response Ratings are based on ordinal categories integers from 1 to 7 as shown in the following table Multiple Conditions Ordinal Interval Descriptors Maps to Rating ordnu Rating Z ngszahl eitraum Bewertung bewertun 9 Visual Unaided Naked Eye 1 1 0 Register Detect Detect Occurrence of Image Visual Percept
102. t Out The entity that has been in the queue the longest is the next to be selected for execution This is the default order and the one used most often FIFO entities are time based and are thus independent of tag number LIFO Last In First Out The most recent entity to enter the queue is the next to be selected for execution This option represents a stacking order so that the last one placed on top is the next one to be taken out LIFO entities are time based and are thus independent of tag number Sort This selection sets the next entity from the queue based on a priority value that you assign When you select this option you must define the priority expression identifying which entities have priority over other entities These types of entities can be dependent on the tag number or any other variable Entering Effects Contains the expression indicating what happens when an entity enters a queue You can use this parameter to change the value of variables when an entity enters a queue Departing Effects Contains the expression indicating what happens when an entity leaves a queue You can use this parameter to change the value of variables that reflect the state of the system when an entity leaves the queue Release Condition This field contains an expression that determines whether an entity can be released from the queue to the associated task An entity can only be released when the release condition value is true The default val
103. t Target_Bearing Target_Elevation Target_Location Target_Obscuration 4 8 Measurement suite menu C Int Project REMOTE I OWETAUTOMATIO File Edit System NetModel CrewModel PSFModel EnvModel MeasSuite Tools Windows Help Host Local File System a al User mahm_gh al p Project Tree D Exec Control Overview LI Network Drawing NetRTO_CL1 Edit Add View Windows Help New You add a new measurement suite model by creating a new model of that component type Rename You can rename a measurement suite if you have the appropriate permissions Save to File You can save a measurement suite a file The file is saved in XML format Print to You can print a measurement suite to a printer Before you print the item use the Printer Print Options dialogue box to select printing options Print to File You can print measurement suite to a file The file is saved in HTML format Print Trials to CSV File Assign to You can construct a system by assigning measurement suite to the system You System cannot assign a component model unless you have the appropriate access privilege to the model Unassign measurement suite can be unassigned from a system Unassigned measurement from System suite are not deleted and reside in the project Permissions As the owner of the model or a user with full permissions you can change the access level for a model on a global or individual basis Individual acces
104. t queue can be displayed to watch events as they are waiting to execute The trace file can also be enabled to record the time when each task begins and ends These options help you to verify that the model is operating as intended and to make changes if it is not Task Network Window Contains Network diagrams Table 1 Components of main window 4 1 File menu File menu functions also appear on the Standard Toolbar Edit MasterDB System NetModel CrewModel PSFModel EnvModel MeasSuite Tools Windows Help New Project Strg N Load From Database ste Li Load From File Strg O Load Document Manager From File Stro D ES Connect to Database Disconnect From Database Rename Project Save Project Strg S Save Project As Save Project to File Print Options Strg R Print Project to Printer Strg P Print Project to File Recent Exit Strg Q Figure 2 File menu Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 13 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME Institut f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR New Project A project is a grouping of systems and component models that facilitates modelling If multiple users are sharing a version of IPME each user could have a separate project to keep the modelling efforts separate When you add a new project to IPME it replaces the currently open
105. tasks The scenario events to execute are specified in the Execution Settings dialogue box Scenario Event Parameters Name Type the name for the scenario event in this field Scenario events have a default name of Event where is incremented each time you define a new event Description Contains notes and comments about the event Triggered By When you click the Triggered By button a drop down menu displays a list of conditions to trigger the event Drop down menu include the following a Time triggers the event at a specific time Events can happen once Discrete or they can repeat over specified intervals Repeating aa Discrete events are triggered when the clock reaches the time specified for the event You enter the following Start Time The time the event will occur ab Repeating events execute at a specific clock time and repeat at regular intervals until the end time specified or the end of the run You enter the following Start Time The time the event will occur Repeat Interval The amount of time between events Repeat Until The point in the simulation when the repeating event will cease to repeat Choose one of the following Time The event will end a specific clock time Supply the ending time for the event in the Stop Time field End The event repeats until the simulation is finished b Event Triggers the event when a specific condition is met during the simulation You enter the following Version 20
106. time is For example if the time to complete tasks task 23 Listen to request for landing clearance until task 22 Clearance delivery you would record the start time in the Beginning Effect of task 23 or whatever your starting task is in the sequence running Time tag clock and subtract that value from the current clock time in the ending effect of task 22 Clearance delivery or whatever the ending task is in the sequence You would need to add a counter in at least one of the tasks and check the counter variable value in the decision to determine where to send the next plane added a debug statement so you can see how the time varies with the standard deviation For Task20 normal ops w o auto 2 ta Queue D Uart UR A e e UnNamed Associated Task 20 normal ops w o auto Release Condition la q2counter 1 return NormalOpsBusy alse waited tag clock Departing Effects a Sort Order waited tag clock waited tag waitotal waitotal waited tag avwait waitotal q2counter if waited tag gt maxwait maxwait waited tag Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 74 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME Institut f r Flugf hrung A
107. tions for the areas The X Y and Z positions are in metres and are used to locate the visual area in a 3 D environment The Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 25 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR locations are used to calculate angles to use in the assessment of visual interference coefficients and probabilities of detection for externally initiated stimuli The Visual Area tab contains the following parameters Area Name EGRE ne area Runtime Mission Output POPIP Charts targets in the visual Main Compatible Tasks Visual Areas Global Operator Settings scene Type a Mn Add Area descriptive name for the area such as M Default Speedometer or Radar Display X Y Z Contains the position of the object in the work environment Type the X Y and Z values units are meters Cancel Figure 10 Execution Setting POPIP Tab Visual Areas Subtab To add a visual area Click the Add Area button Enter the area parameters To remove a visual area Select the visual area to remove in the table Click the Remove Area button The visual area is removed 4 3 1 4 4 POPIP Global Operator Settings Settings on the Global Operator Settings tab can be used to override values set for individual
108. to display vi Enable Run time Charts the operator time pressure data as the y VACP by Operator simulation executes v Workload Index by Operator POP Workload by POPIP Operator Select this Task Demand Modifiers TDMs by Operator checkbox to display the POP workload data for each _ Time Pressure by Operator POP Workload by Operator operator as the simulation executes OK Cancel Help Figure 12 Execution Setting Chart Tab Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 28 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 4 4 NetModel menu File Edit MasterDB System CrewModel PSFModel EnvModel MeasSuite Tools Windows Help Host Local File System f New User mahm gh Rename 7 Save to File P8 Pro ect Tr RR J Version History a Print to Printer adal Print to File Print Model to CSV File Assign to System Unassign from System Permissions Task Criticality Task Spreadsheet Add Network Add Task Add Following Task Add Queue Add Function Add Scenario Event Add Snapshot Add Variable e 88 System1 Figure 13 NetModel menu You add a new network model by creating a new model of that component type You can rename a s
109. trictions as variable names Description Contains a description of the snapshot this field is used for documentation only Triggered By Selections available to trigger the snapshot include the following Version 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 40 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR a End of Run Triggers the snapshot at the end of the run b Task Triggers the snapshot at the beginning or ending of the task You specify the following Selected Task Name and ID number of the task that will trigger the snapshot Task Begins Snapshot is triggered at beginning of task Task Ends Snapshot is triggered at ending of task c Queue Triggers the snapshot as the queue is entered or departed You specify the following Selected Queue Name and ID of the queue that will trigger the snapshot Entering Queue Snapshot is triggered at beginning of queue Departing Queue Snapshot is triggered at ending of queue d Clock Triggers the snapshot at a specific time Events can happen once Discrete or they can repeat over specified intervals Repeating Discrete snapshots are triggered when the clock reaches the time specified for the snapshot You enter the following Start Time The time the snapshot will occur Repeating snapshots execute at a specific clock time and repeat at regular intervals until the end time
110. ts a when you define the task The uM default value is true g Scheduling Effects KI Ending Effects Kl Beginning Effects T tag 1 This field contains an 5 E expression s indicating what Operator Assigamont happens when the task begins DEM Nono Selected execution Use this field to gt Expression El change the value of variables ARA that reflect the state of the system when a task begins executing 4 Il 5 OK l Add New Cancel Help Figure 30 Task main Tab Timing and Effects Subtab Ending Effects This field contains an expression s indicating the state of the simulation once a task has executed Operator Assignment Three types of assignment are available Static Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 52 geng Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR the same operator always performs the task Select the operator from the pull down list Expression the operator specified in the expression performs the task Select the Expression radio button and then type the operator assignment in the text box The assignment must be in the form of one of the following 6 1 2 Repeating Continuous Subtab Repeating Repeating tasks are similar to continuous tasks except that the active period is defined by the active time The total task cycle time is a
111. ue is true so that a queued entity can be released from the queue as soon as it is scheduled The release conditions for a queue are the same as for the task to which the queue is attached The release conditions can be edited in the Queue Information or Task Information dialogue box Sort Order Contains the expression used in sorting the entities in a queue this field is only used when the Queue Order is sorted When it is time to consider an entity for release from the queue the value of the priority expression is calculated for each entity in the queue The release condition for the entity with the highest priority value is evaluated and if the release condition is satisfied the entity with the highest priority is then released into the task For the priority expression to be meaningful it must have different values for different entities usually by involving the tag variable When you use a sorted release order you must enter priority expressions that define the priority of entities released from the queue Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 66 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR 8 Decision In the task network diagram a decision node is associated with each task in IPME In the project tree a decision item is added to a task whenever that task has more than one possible path emerging from it Decisio
112. ut Execution Viewer File check box Viewer in the Main tab of the Execution Settings dialogue box in IPME An output file is generated Execute the system more than once so that dynamic operator assignments are reported more accurately in the Execution Viewer data file The Execution Viewer displays critical tasks in colour and options allow the user to only view tasks executed during a specific time range If a workload scheduling algorithm is applied the scheduling effects i e when a task is shed delayed or interrupted can also be viewed All tasks are considered to be at the same top network level because the Execution Viewer does not accommodate subnetworks The Execution Viewer tool has the following limitations Execution with Measurement Suite enabled is not supported Time is represented using the IPME time unit not minutes and seconds Report When you view a file as a report you can specify parameters that define the report Viewer view The file contents will be shown in a Print Preview dialogue according to the specified report view parameters You can define many report views for the same file Available Values Snapshots Only Contains a listing of all the available values in the file Selected Values Snapshots Only Contains a listing of all the variables for which you would like to display the values Each time a snapshot is taken IPME stores the current value of each selected variable Those stored results are displayed
113. will pause when a runtime error occurs Pause Immediately on Debug or Pause Statements When selected the simulation will pause immediately whenever a call to the built in pause function or a debug statement where the first argument evaluates to true is encountered Animate Execution Version 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 19 nu Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Runs the model with network diagram animation The tasks queues and networks are shaded to indicate when they are being executed Random Number Seed Determines which set of random numbers are generated to calculate distributions of task times trait attribute values and anthropometry variables by considering the mean standard deviation and frequency distribution Enable VACP Calculation Select this checkbox to update operator VACP data during model execution Enable W Index Calculation Select this checkbox to update operator W Index data during model execution 4 3 1 2 Mission Tab parameters Mission Name Execution Settings Test sm Contains a descriptive name of Runtime POPIP Charts Mission Name the mission optional e scription Description Contains a detailed description of the mission optional ien citm Enable Time Limit co Events y Scenario Events Controls the duration of the executi
114. workload and performance P Change Log Release Changed Pages or Comments Chapters 15 10 2013 final version G M 31 1 2014 Full text review N F Version 2014 02 11 ipme ghazal nf ib 2013 11 docx Seite 3 Integrated performance modeling environment IPME Institut f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 4 f r Flugf hrung Be Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu A tool for simulating operator workload and performance P Inhalt 1 Goal or the Documentos er nna era fo EE Ee E ee 8 2 Tels eR Gi EE 9 SC JMPMEMOBES ne eret eue tete trot eoe a E N 9 2 1 1 IPME VACP and W Index uses decks pte 10 212 POP EE hotte ee a ios 10 3 A seat eere iata er doa feta pepe noe 11 4 IPMEilnterface 2 O e t E 12 dch A ee cae e dee ele D b E aa ON SN 13 4 2 Edi Imernulz o etr p ete eo dete teri tena ee rte ete nen cte ori dead 15 4 3 SEN meris aono copus ti a erm eet iore table EN Ope obla didi Ripa od 16 4 3 1 Execution Settings Parameters esses eerte tette 18 4 4 NetModel meri ere tee A DUREE 29 4 5 GrewModel menu eraot tet NENNEN ann 31 LR PSEModel men ette a ter e eee aee e eoe 33 4 7 Environment Model menu 34 4 8 Measurement suite menu 35 4 9 MOS E Ren se a ted eie eas eet 36 Ra Ko Elte AC ET 37 A OA 38 5 EM System TEE nenne 39 5 1 Task Network Model 39 A
115. ystem if you have the appropriate permissions Version Contains a list of all versions for the selected item History Created Contains the date dd mm yyyy and time 24 hour clock on which the selected version of the item was created Created By Contains the name of the user that created the selected version of the item Note Enter any additional information about this version optional Description Contains a brief description of the selected version Print to You can print a network model to a printer Before you print the item use the Print Printer Options dialogue box to select printing options Print Model Basic parts of the Task network model can be printed to a CSV file The Task ID to CSV file Task Name Beginning Effects Ending Effects Release Condition Time Distribution Mean Time Standard Deviation Operator Assignment and Following Tasks are included Assign to You can construct a system by assigning network models to the system You cannot System assign a component model unless you have the appropriate access privilege to the model Network models can be unassigned from a system Unassigned network models are not deleted and reside in the project Version 2014 02 11 ipme_ghazal_nf_ib 2013 11 docx Seite 29 SE Integrated performance modeling environment IPME nstitu f r Flugf hrung A tool for simulating operator workload and performance DLR from System Permission As the owner of the model or a us

Integrated Performance Modeling Environment (IPME): User Guide

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