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Star Micronics NB24-10/15 User's Manual

1. amp 0123456789 lt gt ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ _ abcdef ghij IBM mode I S 0123456789 lt gt 27 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ _ abcde t RE 0123456789 lt gt 2 ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ _ abcdef SEE 0123456789 lt gt ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ _ abcdefg SEE 0123456789 lt gt 27 ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ _ abcdefgh LE 0123456789 lt gt 7 ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ _ abcdefghi ZA 0123456789 lt gt 27 ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ _ abcdefghij Figure 2 13 The self tests show you what the printer can print L Figure 2 14 Connect the cable like this 23 iMss2zc fisterra BR veresfond afgnhtjgkimnoparstuvuxyZz i gt Cusdaaadt FGsi Ti bASeHSsdsauy Gut st vR Ff arauANage EMESIS TL RHO FIA BR vee eS THD sfghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Cli adaac ssei i lL AAFMESOOUUYOUCL RS 41 OUARAQ ENEL2S PIL FEO SNI BA VOESG DO efghijklimnopqrstuvwxyz i Cu ddddc Gei i iAAESEGOOUUVOUCE FR FAL OUTRIQ ENEL 20 Y 2a BOI VESEEN HO stuvwayz 1 CU adaacesal ii AALSESSOUUYOUCEEREA 6U9AO2 hh COBB 41994 bgt yy stuvwxyz Cu adadc ee li 1 AAF odd da yOUCL YRS ua hk i OF RB 4 17 5774 a rfebijklmnoparstuvwxyz i CUS saaAA HSA LT LLAAE EHS SdOUYOUCEVRFALSUGRAQL EEREN F LH TOe TM RAO BA Hee Gr
2. A i k s i t i f k Figure 2 11 Ready to load the sprocket feed paper Note the reversed position of the paper guide 20 9 Set the release lever to the auto feed setting The printer will advance the paper automatically 10 When the paper stops set the release lever for sprocket feed paper again 11 Install the paper guide on the printer See Figures 2 10 and 2 11 for details When used with sprocket feed paper the guide is turned around and laid flat Figure 2 10 or raise Figure 2 11 on top of the printer as a paper separator Make sure that the tabs on the guide fit into their receivers ADJUSTING THE PRINT HEAD The distance between the print head and the platen must be adjusted to accommodate papers of different thicknesses To make this adjustment move the adjustment lever which is under the printer cover and immediately in front of the release lever Figure 2 12 Pulling the adjustment lever towards you will widen the gap pushing it away from you will narrow the gap There are four positions you can feel the lever clicking into the various notches The first step shown is the one most com monly used for single sheets of paper Try different positions until you get the best printing results Figure 2 12 The adjustment lever allows for different thicknesses of paper pa r ai cc 21 TESTING THE PRINTER Your printer has two built i
3. Print in one direction ESC U 1 Print in both directions ESC U 0 ESC Try this program to see the difference that printing in one direction makes 10 Demo of uni directional printing 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 A CHRS 6 30 FOR I 1 TO 10 40 LPRINT i 50 NEXT I 60 LPRINT LPRINT 70 LPRINT CHRS 27 UL 80 FOR I 1 TO 10 90 LPRINT i 100 NEXT I 110 LPRINT CHR 12 CHRS 27 Here is what you will get The top line is printed bi directional ly and the bottom is printed uni directionally You will have to look hard because there isn t much difference but the bottom vertical lines are perfectly aligned 94 a e e a Let s analyze the program Line 20 defines the line spacing to 6 60 of an inch so that the characters that we print will touch top to bottom Lines 30 50 print 10 vertical line characters Then line 70 sets uni directional printing and the vertical lines are printed again Finally line 110 sends a form feed to advance the paper to the top of a new page and then uses the master reset to restore the printer to the power on condition You can also set the printer to print in one direction for one line only by using the ESC command This command im mediately moves the print head to the left margin and then prints the remainder of the line from left to right The seven bit dilemma Some computers not the IBM PC fortunately don t have the capability
4. You can turn the immediate print mode on with ESC i 1 Before looking at it let s review the normal operation of the print buffer Enter this program 20 A INPUT TYPE A CHARACTERS AS 30 IF AS THEN 50 40 LPRINT A GOTO 20 50 LPRINT LPRINT CHRS 27 Now type several characters and after each press the RETURN key The printer simply puts the characters into its buffer while it waits for a carriage return code In this program the RETURN key doesn t send a carriage return code To end this program and print the contents of the buffer press RETURN alone Now add this line 10 LPRINT CHR 27 ii And RUN the program Your printer will now respond to your typing immediately When you are finished press RETURN alone Adjusting the width of space between characters This printer provides a command that adjusts the space be tween all the characters that it prints with the Standard mode The ESC CHR 32 CHR n command adds blank space be tween the characters The units of space that are added vary with the print pitch you are using as shown in Table 6 2 92 Table 6 2 Units of motion for the adjustment of the character width Unit of motion Draft characters L tter Quality characters Pica pitch 120 inch 1 180 inch Elite pitch 120 inch 1 180 inch Semi condensed amp Condensed pitch 1 240 inch 1 360 inch Try this program to see how this works Print
5. GENERAL CONCEPTS Each word processing program has a way to get out of the standard text entry mode in order to accept the special printer function codes WordStar uses the CONTROL key in different ways to define the print function codes EasyWriter II has a system function which allows you to define print pitches and special print functions for use with the ALT key Your word processing User Manual if it supports this pro cess will have a section describing how to get out of the stand ard program You will probably have to figure out on your own which codes are used The general concepts and details of the two sample programs should be enough to help you be suc cessful E The escape code Most of the special print functions start with a code called the escape code It can be entered in decimal or hexadecimal values by an ASCII character or by using the control keys on your keyboard depending on which program and which computer you are using The escape code tells the printer to interpret the values or characters following it as printer functions The codes used to describe the functions are also entered in the same way as the escape code In this section we will show you the format each word processor uses as well as the general rules to correctly entering the function codes The next chapter covers how to convert the different forms of ASCII codes You should review Chapter 4 if you have not already done so before working
6. Har Agnt Aerie _ MB ELIT USER S MANUAL NOT INTENDED FOR SALE Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference tatement This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly that is in strict accordance with the manufacturer s instructions may cause in terference to radio and television reception It has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specifications in Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures eReorient the receiving antenna eRelocate the computer with respect to the receiver Move the computer away from the receiver ePlug the computer into a different outlet so that computer and receiver are on dif ferent branch circuits If necessary the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio television techni cian for additional suggestions The user may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful How to Iden
7. aad 16 RIIM apota 1 bye ef d bye 23 0 i Hee D ae oes or om p et fOr es 8 8 ea CORE 2 0 31 12 ha EMm 3rd 8 100 09 64 CT 3 18 96 p ot eft we 8 wl eT St 41d bve i e E Bth 24 99 128 3d lt 16 ie a eih 16 6 tt en 9 9 g ve at LI L en 4 17 amp i bed el 7th 37 255 192 aL itt Tt 7th 18 96 ath 2 CLA am 31197 L PE TT TTT m 6 3 4 PEELE TY om 4 0 4 Figure 7 5 Character designs for the two graph symbols 113 character You can send the character with the same ASCII value You can also access the character from a BASIC program with the CHR function In our example we ll assign the car a value of 60 which is the code for the character in the ASCII characters A rather ar bitrary selection but this printer doesn t care Our chart would hardly be complete with just a picture of a car so in Figure 7 5 we ve made completed grids for another symbol a telephone quite a strange mix of characters The in formation on the grids is now completed Download character definition command You ve read through a long explanation of download characters and we haven t even told you the command syntax yet Now the wait is over This is the most complex command in your printer repertoire and now you ve got the necessary knowledge to implement it Here it is ESC amp CHR 0 n1 n2 mO m1 m2 d1 d2 d3 dx except for the IBM P
8. E rely roa a in type I atia e ae Latin America a i ne le luliae E Printing characters in the control code area When you refer the Appendix C you ll find many characters are printed in the control code area Remember that the low order control codes are the ASCII codes 0 through 31 plus 127 and the high order control codes are 128 through 159 plus 255 These codes don t normally print symbols on paper rather they cause the printer to change modes To make them print as normal symbols requires an extra command For example the command to normalize the high order control codes is ESC 6 which is the same as selecting the Character set 2 The low order control codes can also be defined with the IBM P mode Try this program with the IBM P mode 10 Demo of characters in IBM P mode 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 CHRS 32 CHRS 0 30 FOR I 0 TO 31 40 LPRINT CHRS I 50 NEXT I 60 LPRINT 70 END 100 In this program line 20 determines that the following 32 characters should be printed as printable characters So the characters in the control code area are printed as shown below Veen W gt e Q If you want to print more characters using the ESC N command you must tell the printer how many characters should be printed The total number of characters is equal to n1 n2 x 256 For example if you want to print 300 characters n1 44 and n2 1 300 44 1 X 256 the control cod
9. E Changing the page length You may have some computer forms that are not 11 inches high That s no problem because you can tell your printer how high the forms are that you are using There are two commands for doing this shown in this table Table 5 4 Form length control Set the page length to n lines ESC C CHR x Set the page length to n inches ESC C CHR 0 CHR m 73 Let s set up a 7 inch high form length which is typical of many computer checks The following program will do it NEW 10 Demo of variable form lengths 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 C CHRS 0 CHRS 7 30 LPRINT PAY TO THE ORDER OF 40 LPRINT CHRS 12 50 LPRINT PAY TO THE ORDER OF 60 END This program should print PAY TO THE ORDER OF twice and they should be 7 inches apart Line 20 sets the form length to 7 inches After line 30 prints line 40 sends a form feed advance the paper to the top of the next form Line 50 then prints its message After you have run this program turn off the printer and ad just the top of form position When you turn the printer back on the page length will reset to its normal setting usually 11 inches TOP AND BOTTOM MARGINS Some programs don t keep track of where they are printing on the page This causes problems when you get to the bottom of a page because these programs just keep on printing right over the perforation This makes it very hard to read especially if a line ha
10. ESC k CHR 2 command Line 60 prints a sample with the font slot 2 52 characters before line 70 switches printer back to internal LQ characters with an ESC k CHR 0 command You can control the font styles with the extra functions with the control panel Table 4 3 Font selection commands ESC k CHR 1 Selects internal characters ESC k CHR 0 NIN Underlining and overlining Not only can your printer print all styles of printing in both roman and italic but it can underline and overline them too The control codes are shown in Table 4 4 Table 4 4 Underline and overline commands Control code Undele OFF ESC Underline OFF ESC 0 Overline ON ESC _ 1 Overline OFF ESC _ 0 It s that simple Let s try it with this program 10 Demo of underlining and overlining 20 LPRINT Demo of 30 LPRINT CHRS 27 1 40 LPRINT UNDERLINED 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 0O 60 LPRINT and 70 LPRINT CHRS 27 _1 80 LPRINT OVERLINED 90 LPRINT CHRS 27 _0 100 LPRINT printing It should come out like this Demo of UNDERLINED and OVERLINED printing 53 In this program underline is turned on in line 30 with ESC 1 and then off in line 50 with ESC 0 The overline is turned on in line 70 with ESC __ 1 and then off in line 90 with ESC __ 0 There s a new aspect to t
11. If you want to align the vertical length use the IBM modes With this mode we ve designed to align fully compati ble with the IBM Graphics printer or Proprinter In Figure 7 6 you can see that we ve labelled each pin on the print head with a number as we did with download characters And specifying pins to fire is done in the same way to fire the second pin from the top for instance send a CHR 64 Firing several pins at once is done in a similar fashion For example to print the first 122 third and fourth dots add their values 128 32 16 to send this total CHR 176 This is one byte of graphics data it would replace m1 in our format statement O on L 2o O e Oo O O O me me O O C5 O o O O e O O O O e O O O O O O O e O O O O O O O O O O O O O O d O O O O5 24 dot graphics Standard mode IBM mode 8 dot graphics Figure 7 6 Starting with the most significant bit at the top each third pin of the print head is assigned a value which is a power of two in case of 8 dot graphics modes COMPATIBILITY WITH EXISTING SOFTWARE With its ability to print eleven different graphics densities this printer s graphics abilities are advanced indeed There are many programs in fact that are unable to use this printer s single graphics command ESC for selecting the proper density To maintain compatibility with this software there are individual command
12. 110 sends a form feed to advance to the top of the next page Now add the following lines to your program Don t forget the semicolons or you won t get quite the same results that we did 20 Leave 6 blank lines at the bottom of page 30 LPRINT CHR 27 N CHRS 6 40 Start top of page at line 6 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 r CHRS 6 100 LPRINT CHRS 27 0 clear top and bottom margins 75 Now when you run the program your printer skip the first six lines and the last six lines on each page Always send a form feed after setting the top margin or it will not work on the first page printed That s because the top margin only takes effect after a form feed Line 50 sets the top margin line 30 sets the bottom margin and line 100 clears both margins when we are done THIS IS LINE THIS IS LINE THIS IS LINE TUIS I9 LINE THIS IS LINE THIS IS LINE THIS IS LINE THIS IS LINE THIS IS LINE 50 THIS IS LINE 31 THIS IS LINE 52 THIS IS LINE 3 THIS IS LINE 54 TULS IS LINE 53 onourune THIS IS LINE 36 TUIS 18 LINE 57 THIS IS LINE 58 THIS IS LINE 39 THIS IS LINE 60 THIS IS LINE bl THIS IS LINE 62 THIS IS LINE 63 THIS IS LINE 111 THIS IS LINE 112 THIS IS LINE 113 THIS 13 LINE 1t4 amp THIS IS LINE 115 THLS IS LINE 117 THIS I LINE 118 TIIS YS LINB 119 TIIIS IS LINE 120 0000 0 76 SETTING LEFT AND RIGHT MARGINS The left and right margins of this printer work just like
13. 15 inch type can be used and the paper guide must be fitted 1 Flip the clamp levers backward and move the sprockets and sheet guides on the tractor feed unit all the way to the ends 2 With the ribs of the paper guide toward you and the sliding adjuster at the bottom left insert the guide into the slot at the back of the printer cover 3 Insert the guide stand in the notches provided for it and prop up the paper guide 4 Position the adjuster at the triangle marked on the guide for standard margins or set it according to your own re quirements Ss prt Clamp lever y a 4 4 SS A lt Z M Guide stand y l S en setts si i Figure 2 7 Prop up the paper guide by inserting the guide stand in the notches provided for it 17 5 Set the release lever for single sheets the second posi tion from the top Align a sheet of paper on the guide along the adjuster Turn on the power switch The Paper Empty indicator will glow because there is no paper 8 Now set the release lever to the auto feed setting the top position The printer will advance the paper automatically 9 When the paper stops set the release lever for single sheets again NS Figure 2 8 You can insert a sheet of paper automatically by using the release lever To align paper that is not in straight e Set the release lever to the adjustment setting e Straighten
14. 20 LPRINT LINE NUMBER 1 30 LPRINT LINE NUMBER 2 40 One time line feed 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 J CHRS 100 60 LPRINT LINE NUMBER 3 70 LPRINT LINE NUMBER 4 80 END Here is what your printer will produce with Standard mode LINE NUMBER 1 LINE NUMBER 2 LINE NUMBER 3 LINE NUMBER 4 The ESC J CHR 100 in line 50 changes the spacing to 100 180 inches for one line only without moving the printhead The rest of the lines printed with the normal line spacing Notice that both line 30 and line 50 end with semicolons This prevents the normal line feed from occurring The ESC I CHR z command works the same way ex cept that the paper moves in the opposite direction Try this sim ple change to your program to see the difference 40 One time reverse line feed 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 j CHRS 100 LINE NUMBER 3 LINE NUMBER 4 LINE NUMBER 1 LINE NUMBER 2 71 PAGE CONTROL Now that we have seen how to control line spacing we can go on to page control positioning the printing on the page and ad justing the paper length E Form feed The simplest forms control code is the form feed Form feed or FF is CHR 12 and causes the printer to move the paper to the top of the next sheet Try it by changing lines 40 and 50 to S this 5 40 Form feed 50 LPRINT CHR 12 Before you run the program turn your printer off and adjust the paper so that the top of the sheet is even w
15. 64 18 96 0 160 DATA 0 31 192 14 O0 O When you run this program it looks like nothing happens That s OK We ll see why in just a moment Save this program We ll need it again shortly PRINTING DOWNLOAD CHARACTERS You ve now defined and sent two characters to your printer But how do you know that If you try printing those characters now you don t get a car and telephone Instead you get That s because the download characters are stored in a different part of the printer s memory To tell it to look in download character RAM instead of standard character ROM it requires another command ESC n Where n is either 1 to select or 0 to cancel If you want your new characters to be included in a standard character set you may copy the standard set stored in ROM into the download RAM which will save you switching back and forth between the download area and the standard ROM If you wish to use this option make sure that you copy the standard characters in to RAM before you download your own because the last copied characters replace previously copied ones The com mand to copy the standard characters into the download RAM area is ESC CHR 0 CHR 0 CHR 0 except for the IBM P mode 116 FS CHR 0 CHR 0 CHR 0 only for the IBM P mode To demonstrate how to use the download characters let s use the car and telephone user defined character
16. 8 21 132 137 142 147 152 157 162 167 172 177 182 187 192 197 202 207 212 gt ps Aa O o K amp WE x k r IF T 217 4 222 227 232 237 242 247 252 Vv CO Oe A m 2 Figure 6 1 Character set 2 97 Figure 6 1 shows what this program will print If your chart doesn t look like this because it has regular letters and numbers instead of the special symbols then your computer is only using seven bits unless you have set Standard mode by mistake You can get the correct printout by changing line 110 to this 110 LPRINT I CHRS 27 gt CHRS I CHRS 27 5 CHRS 9 So how are all of these characters used Here is a program that demonstrate how the graphics characters can be combined to create a figure the 5 of clubs 10 LPRINT CHR 27 6 20 LPRINT CHR 218 CHRS 196 CHR 196 CHR 196 CHR 196 CHRS 196 CHR 191 30 LPRINT CHR 179 CHR 53 CHR 32 CHR 32 CHR 32 CHRS 32 CHR 179 40 LPRINT CHR 179 CHRS 32 CHR 5 CHRS 32 CHR 5 CHRS 32 CHR 179 50 LPRINT CHR 179 CHR 32 CHR 32 CHR 5 CHR 32 CHR 32 CHR 179 60 LPRINT CHR 179 CHRS 32 CHR 5 CHR 32 CHRS 5 CHRS 32 CHR 179 70 LPRINT CHR 179 CHR 32 CHR 32 CHRS 32 CHR 32 CHR 53 CHR 179 80 LPRINT CHR 192 CHR 196 CHR 196 CHR 196 CHR 196 CHRS 196
17. Change your program to this 10 Demo of permanent expanded mode 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 W1 30 LPRINT Permanent expanded 40 LPRINT mode stays on until 50 LPRINT it is 60 LPRINT CHRS 27 WO 70 LPRINT turned off Now the results look like this Permanent expanded mode stays on until it is turned off When you turn on expanded print with ESC W 1 it stays on until you turn it off with ESC W 0 Table 4 7 Expanded print commands Function One line expanded ON CHR 14 or ESC CHR 14 One line expanded OFF CHR 20 Expanded ON ESC W 1 Expanded OFF ESC W 0 B Condensed print Each of the print pitches except the semi condensed pitch also can be condensed to its normal width This is called condensed print Try this program to see how it works 10 Demo of condensed print 20 LPRINT Demonstration of 30 LPRINT CHRS 15 40 LPRINT CONDENSED 50 LPRINT CHRS 18 60 LPRINT printing Demonstration of CONDENSED printing Condensed print set with CHR 15 stays on until you turn it off with CHR 18 Note that you don t need to put an ESC in front of the CHR 15 although ESC CHR 15 works just the same Table 4 8 Condensed print commands Condensed ON CHR 15 or ESC CHR 15 Condensed OFF CHR 18 By combining expanded print and condensed print with the three pitches this printer has ten different character widths avai
18. It s turned off in line 50 with ESC T Then between printing text subscripts are turned on in line 70 with ESC S 1 and finally off in line 90 Again everything prints on one line because of the semicolons CHANGING THE PRINT PITCH In printer talk the number of characters that can be printed in one inch is called the print pitch or character pitch Normally your printer is set for 10 characters per inch which is called pica and is the same as the pica pitch on most typewriters This works out to 80 characters per line for the 10 inch type or 136 characters per line for the 15 inch type You can also print 12 character per inch elite pitch which gives you 96 or 163 characters per line or 15 character per inch semi condensed pitch which gives you 120 or 204 characters per line You can set these pitches by using the Print Pitch key on the control panel manually or by software as shown in the table below Table 4 6 Print pitch commands ESC M ESC IBM P mode only ESC g except IBM P mode Try this program to see how these three pitches work Be sure to set the printer to Standard mode 10 Demo of print pitches 20 LPRINT CHR 27 g 30 LPRINT This line is SEMI CONDENSED pitch 40 LPRINT CHR 27 M 50 LPRINT This line is ELITE pitch 60 LPRINT CHRS 27 P 70 LPRINT This line is PICA pitch normal 55 When you run this p
19. STEP 50 LPRINT CHR 61 NEXT I LPRINT LPRINT CHR 9 SCALE FOR I 2 TO 8 STEP 2 LPRINT SCALES NEXT I LPRINT LPRINT CHR 9 FOR I 2 TO 8 STEP 2 LPRINT I NEXT I LPRINT CHR 27 0 LPRINT CHR 27 S0 LPRINT CHR 9 100 UNITS 1000 PERSONS LPRINT CHR 27 T 118 DIFFUSION RANGES OF CARS amp TELEPHONES USA q GERMANY Gh JAPAN Gi AAB RA A tobe bbe bb bb bob mt P 5 8 1006 UNITS 1000 PERSONS THE PRINT MODE AND THE DOWNLOAD CHARACTERS In the example program above before we defined the new characters we selected the Draft print mode By doing this we caused user defined characters to print as draft characters because user defined characters assume the mode that is in ef fect at the time they are defined The modes that affect user defined characters are draft and letter quality printing The ESC x command selects be tween draft n 0 and letter quality n 1 The commands for defining characters selecting the download character set and copying ROM are exactly the same for each of the user defined print styles The print mode in ef fect when the characters are defined determines the mode of the user defined characters The print mode determines the size of the grid upon which the characters are designed and the speed at which they print Table 7 1 shows the different character grid sizes for each of the print modes Table 7 1 Downl
20. Suppose you need to move to a position across the page but you only need to do it once It doesn t make much sense to set up a tab to use only one time There is an easier way The solution is called a one time tab Table 5 8 show the three commands Table 5 8 One time horzontal tabs Control code One time horizontal tab of n ESC P 0 CHR n spaces Absolute horizontal tab ESC CHR n1 CHR n2 CESC CHR n1 CHR n2 except IBM P mode Relative horizontal tab FS CHRS n1 CHRS n2 IBM P mode The first command in Table 5 8 moves the print head n col umns to the right It has the same effect as sending n spaces to the printer The absolute horizontal tab command moves the print head to a specified position on the page The position that you want the print head to move to measured from the left margin is specified by the values of n1 and n2 in 1 60 inch units using the formula n1 n2 X 256 Try this program to see how this works 10 Demo of absolute horizontal tabs 20 FOR I 60 TO 70 STEP 2 30 LPRINT I 4 80 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 CHRS 1 CHRS 0 50 LPRINT Horizontal tab 60 NEXT I 70 END In this program the print head is positioned before the H in Horizontal is printed 60 Horizontal tab 62 Horizontal tab 64 Horizontal tab 66 Horizontal tab 68 Horizontal tab 70 4 Horizontal tab The relativ
21. W Now hear this You may have heard the printer s bell if you have ever run out of paper And you may have wondered why it s called a bell when it beeps instead of ringing It s a long story that goes back to the early days of computers when teletype machines were us ed for computer terminals These mechanical marvels were equipped with a bell that could be heard for blocks This bell was used to signal the operator that something needed atten tion The code that the computer sent to the teletype machine to ring the bell was reasonably enough called a bell code The name bell code is still with us even if the bell has changed to a beeper and a lot of people still call the beeper a bell even if it doesn t sound like one 88 The code to sound the bell is CHR 7 which is ASCII code 7 or BEL Any time your printer receives this code it will sound the bell for a quarter of a second This can be used to re mind the operator to change the paper or to make other ad justments to the printer You can try this by typing LPRINT CHR 7 Resetting the printer Up to now when we wanted to reset the printer to the power on condition we have had to either turn the printer off and on again or to send the specific codes that reset the particular features There is an easier way The control code ESC will reset all of the printer s features to the power on condition as determined by the DIP switches with
22. any part of this manual in any form what soever without STAR s express permission is forbidden The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice eAll efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the contents of this manual at the time of going to press However should any errors be detected STAR would be greatly appreciate being informed of them eThe above notwithstanding STAR can assume no responsibility for any errors in this manual Copyright 1986 Star Micronics Co Ltd A Special Message to the New Owner Congratulations for choosing this printer one of the finest available at any price Your new printer will reward you with many years of high quality document printing and is backed by Star Micronics more than 30 years in manufacturing precision parts You already know that it represents the state of the art in tack sharp dot matrix printing with its rugged 24 pin print head Its bidirectional logic seeking operation gives you Letter Quali ty hardcopy at 72 characters per second and draft quality print at speeds of up to 216 characters per second Its many features include e High resolution graphics e Built in expandable buffer e An entire range of character sets for printing in thirteen languages e Choice of various typestyles e Easy front panel operation e Automatic paper feed And best of all your new printers is compatible with the most popular personal computers and softwar
23. are four common ways of referring to a control code the name of the code or its abbreviation the decimal ASCII value the hexadecimal ASCII value and the CTRL value For example the ASCII code that causes the printer to advance the paper one line is decimal 10 This code may be referred to by any of the following line feed the name of the code LF its abbreviation ASCII 10 its decimal value ASCII amp HOA its hexadecimal value the amp H signifies hex CHR 10 the way it s used in BASIC CTRL J the way you send it from a keyboard Of course most of the time we don t need to bother with these The computer is smart enough to know that when we press the A key we want to print the letter A it takes care of all the intermediate steps Appendix C is a table that shows the various names for each code so you can convert back and forth The microcomputer world is not very consistent in describing ASCII codes so it s important that you have a basic knowledge of them 47 B The escape codes Back when the ASCII system was set up computer equip ment was relatively simple and thirty three control codes were considered sufficient at the time The American Standards peo ple realized that eventually more control codes would be need ed so they included the escape ESC code to allow almost any number of additional codes to be defined when they became necessary ESC allows us
24. be centered in a box or may straddle a line making the actual character grid 9 dots wide by 24 dots high Vertically dots can only be centered in a box See Figure 7 2 u e Dots cannot overlap that is you may not have a dot inside a box next to one that is on a line N i U x ie m m m X b Lal E M m E E Figure 7 2 Dots can be inside boxes or straddle the vertical lines of the grid 110 e You may define any position in the ASCII table except the control code area but you cannot define more than 35 characters Photocopy the grid in Figure 7 3 to help design your new characters We will use a tiny representation of a picture of an automobile for our example Next we calculate the vertical numerical values of the columns of dots and enter them underneath the grid Looking at Figure 7 4 we see that each vertical column which has a maximum of 24 dots is first divided into three groups of eight dots Each group of eight dots is represented by one byte which consists of eight bits For example looking at Figure 7 4 we see that in the left most column there are five dots and they are sitting in the 1 box of the 1st byte 128 64 32 and 16 boxes of the 2nd byte Thus its vertical value is 1 for the 1st byte 240 for the 2nd byte and 0 for the 3rd byte 123456789 128 84 32 i 1st J 16 byte 8 64 ASCII code 3
25. computer paper and you don t have to tear the perforations off each sheet as you must with fan fold paper The automatic sheet feeder feeds a new sheet automatically every time the printer receives or generates a form feed Any time you wish you can turn the auto feed unit on and off by using control codes Table 6 8 Automatic sheet feeder commands Function Control code Cancel automatic fed mode F FSC CHRSZ3 CHRSU 20 Cancel automatic feed mode lt ESC gt CHR 25 CHR 0 or 0 CESC gt CHR 25 CHR 1 or DY Insert paper from second bin lt ESC gt CHR 25 CHR 2 or 2 Eject paper lt ESC gt CHR 25 R or R Set print start position lt ESC gt CHR 25 T n or TY n IN When the automatic sheet feeder is installed you must set DIP switch 2 4 on to detect the paper out condition In addition the following functions are ignored when the automatic sheet feeder is installed Setting of the page length Top and bottom margins Vertical tab settings Reverse feed functions When you want to change the print start position try to use the lt ESC gt CHR 25 T n command The value of n determines the print start position from the top edge of the each page For example lt ESC gt CHR 25 T 1 command determines to print from the top edge of the paper E Reading a hex dump The BASIC in some computers changes ASCII co
26. condensed proportional pitch with control code only Prop Pica and Pica condensed proportional pitch Cond with control code only Prop Elite and Elite condensed proportional pitch Cond with control code only PRINT PITCH KEY Selects one of the seven available character pitches when the On Line indicator is off as shown above TOP OF FORM KEY Ejects the current sheet feeds a new sheet and moves the print head to the left margin when the On Line indicator is off PAPER FEED KEY Advances the paper one line at a time when the On Line indicator is off If you hold the key down you get consecutive line feeds ON LINE KEY and INDICATOR Glows green when the printer is ready to receive data from your computer on line When the printer is off line it sends a signal to the computer in dicating that it cannot accept data Pressing the On Line key switches the printer between on line and off line 13 Extra functions There are twelve more functions that are not directly specified on the control panel You can access six of them by pressing one particular key when you turn on the power six others are activated by pressing two control keys at once J Hex dump Self test 1 Self test 2 LETTER Type Style j Print Pitch Panel mode Panel mode Quality Panel mode Figure 2 3 Extra functions while turning on the printer Hold down Forward micro feed i Press Reverse m
27. functions that use the same method of highlighting For example in our definitions underline and expanded prints are both displayed as underlined on the screen Whichever function you use last will cancel out any previous modes USING THE PRINTER WITH WORDSTAR Note If you have not read the General Concepts section in this chapter you should do so before continuing This printer supports many of the standard WordStar print ing capabilities without requiring any changes You can 1 Print documents from the No File Menu 2 Use dot commands except for lines per inch and characters per inch 3 Print boldface underline double strike strikeout superscript and subscript characters as well as use print pause 4 Select and print variable information for marge letters etc E User defined print commands There are several CONTROL P P commands that automatically work with this printer and require no changes They include T PS Underscore _ PB Boldface PD Double strike PX Strikeout PT Superscript PV Subscript PC Print Pause 36 It is also possible to define the PA alternate pitch com mand to change the print pitch of your document The Word Star User s Manual fully describes the use of these P func tions You should refer to your manual if you need help with them There are four alternate P codes that can be defined during the installation of your WordStar program to perform other
28. not all Your printer can underline or overline characters print superscripts and subscripts and perhaps most exciting print letter quality _ characters 49 E Draft and Letter Quality characters This printer s Letter Quality sometimes abbreviated as LQ character set is ideal for correspondence and other important printing as it produces very high quality characters In addi tion your printer prints draft quality characters This is ade quate for most work and has the fastest printing speed For the final printout try Letter Quality The program below shows an example 10 Demo of Draft and LQ characters 20 LPRINT CHR 27 x0 30 LPRINT This line shows DRAFT characters 40 LPRINT CHR 27 x1 50 LPRINT This line shows LETTER QUALITY In this program line 20 selects draft characters with ESC x 0 command Line 30 prints a sample before line 40 switches printer back to LQ characters with an ESC x 1 When you run the program you should get this This line shows DRAFT characters This line shows LETTER QUALITY Now turn off the power switch After you turn on the power switch while holding the Quality key down on the control panel set the LQ mode with the Quality key while in the Off Line mode Then run the program again You should get like this This line shows DRAFT characters This line shows LETTER QUALITY As you can see now the printout only contains LQ characters This is be
29. pitch 10 Demo of adjusting spaces 20 LPRINT CHR 27 x1 30 FOR I 10 TO 1 STEP 2 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 CHRS I 50 LPRINT This line is added I spaces 60 NEXT I 70 LPRINT CHRS 27 CHRS 0 80 LPRINT This line is Normal space 90 END This line is added 10 spaces This line is added 8 spaces This line is added 6 spaces This line is added 4 spaces This line is added 2 spaces This line is Normal space This command can be used to produce micro justification which is a method of justifying lines by increasing the space be tween each character Printing at half speed This printer can print at the fine of 180 characters per second CPS with the draft characters or 60 CPS with the LQ characters But it will also more slowly if you want it to the half speed mode prints at 90 CPS with the draft characters or 30 93 CPS with the LQ characters The main advantage to half speed printing is a quieter run E Uni directional printing Uni directional printing means printing in one direction only Your printer normally prints when the print head is moving in both directions But once in a while you may have an application such as making table where you are more concerned with how the vertical lines align than with how fast it prints The printer lets you make this choice The table below shows the commands for controlling how the printer prints Table 6 3 Printing direction commands
30. remained even if the printer is turned off because of the battery in the cartridge This is a very convenient function when you use and save your own characters for later use In addition when the write protect switch of the cartridge is set on after downloaded characters you can print those characters by the panel operation without using special control codes USER DESIGNED DOT GRAPHICS Designing and printing graphics is similar to the procedures 120 for characters except that the printed width can range from one to 3264 dots on a 15 inch type printer Selection of the ap propriate line spacing will allow rows of dots to link seamlessly and in this way you may design and print a whole page of data In the dot graphics mode you directly address all dot positions on the page if desired The graphics mode can print as many as 240 dots per inch compared with the standard resolution of 60 dots per inch DPI The command syntax of the dot graphics mode is ESC nO nl n2 m1 m2 Just like many of the other codes you have learned the com mand starts with an escape sequence ESC in this case This is followed by n0 which specifies the print density as shown in Table 7 2 But unlike the other codes there can be any number of graphics data bytes following the command That s where n1 and n2 come in they are used to tell the printer how many columns of graphics data to expect Table 7 2 Graphics m
31. set of eight switches that are used in interfacing the printer to your particular computer There are also switches to set print pitch line spacing and perforation skipping See Appendix A for a complete list and explanation SELECTING AND LOADING PAPER Your printer handles two basic types of paper single sheets stationery envelopes multipart business forms etc and con tinuous paper fan fold perforated paper The release lever controls the pressure of the paper against the platen It has four settings a The top setting is used when you want to load paper in the printer hh The second setting is for normal single sheets ui The third is for sprocket feed paper Ww The bottom one is used when you want to release the paper completely to adjust it 15 The paper bail holds the paper against the platen according to the setting of the release lever The bail is opened when the release lever is in the top position closed when the lever is in the second or third positions and opened by the printer when the lever is in the bottom position Release lever Figure 2 5 Use friction feed for single sheets and tractor feed for continuous paper E Loading single sheets Instead of feeding the paper in manually by turning the platen knob you can use the release lever for automatic feeding the printer must be turned on Single sheets from 5 5 to 8 5 inches wide 6 to 14 5 inches for the
32. spacing command There s a good reason the dots that the printer makes are 1 180 inch apart So this means that you can vary the line spacing in increments as fine as three dots unless you want finer spacing like one dot spacing 67 The ESC 3 CHR m command sets the line spacing in in crements of 1 180 inch Change line 40 in your program to this 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 3 CHRS 1 and run the program again Now the results will look like this IS SET IS SET I I I I TO TO SET SET TO SET TO LINE SPACING IS SET TO 1 6 INCH NORMAL U N N N UVIVU I UNAIR UE ONRPOOCODUAVO NOR eR Oh NVN SET TO The program works just the same as before but the line spac ings are just one third what they were This is because ESC 3 CHR n sets the line spacing to 7 180 inch Now let s consider the IBM modes When you run the first program with the IBM modes you cannot change the line spac ing The ESC A CHR n command in the IBM modes only defines the line spacing the ESC 2 command changes the line spacing to the amount defined by the previous ESC A For the IBM modes you need to change the following lines in the first program as shown below 40 LPRINT CHR 27 A CHRS 1 CHR 27 2 3 80 LPRINT CHR 27 A CHRS 12 CHRS 27 2 and run the program again Now the results will look like this 68 Mi Ri THIS LINE SPACING SET TO 10 THIS LINE SPA
33. style to be selected The value of n can range from 0 to 255 which is the range of values that can be stored in one eight bit byte If you look at each bit in this byte yov ll find that each one represents a printing style variation Adding the binary values of the selected bits gives the value of n for a particular combination of print styles Table 4 11 shows the decimal values of the bits in the Master Print byte To calculate the value z for a particular combination of printing styles just add the decimal values of the features that you want to combine Table 4 11 Values of mixing print styles for Master Print 4 Emphasized print O 8 amp 8 6 Expanded print 32 _ Italics E ees 8 Underline 62 For example if you want to select elite expanded boldface print you would calculate the value of n like this Elite 1 Boldface 16 Expanded 32 n 49 The command would look like this CHR 27 CHR 49 To better understand the way the print modes work consider that each mode except pica pica is the default has a separate switch that can turned on and off via software Once the switch is on it stays on until turned off However when two modes that conflict are turned on at the same time the printer must choose which one to use For example suppose you turn on both Elite and Emphasized modes These cannot combine so the printer must make a choice in this case the printe
34. the paper and adjust it for the margins you want e Move the release lever back to its original setting Remember you can also use the optional automatic sheet feeder for single sheets 18 W Loading sprocket feed paper This is standard computer paper with the holes along the sides and perforations between the sheets It is also called sprocket punched fan fold or just plain computer paper It can be as narrow as 4 inches and up to 10 inches wide 4 inches to 15 5 inches on 15 inch type I 2 mo Turn on the printer and set the release lever for sprocket feed paper If the paper guide is installed remove it and put it aside for a moment Place a stack of fan fold paper behind the printer Open the sprocket covers on the right and left sprocket units as shown in Figure 2 9 Sprocket cover Clamp lever p Figure 2 9 Open the sprocket covers to expose the sprocket teeth 5 Flip the clamp levers backward This allows the two sprocket units to move freely right and left so you can align them with the holes in the paper Feed the end of the paper into the slot next to the platen cover plate Fit the holes in the paper over the sprocket pins so the paper is even and clamp the sprocket units in place 19 8 Check that the paper is still positioned correctly and close the sprocket covers Figure 2 10 Figure 2 10 tioned correctly
35. to escape from the ordinary set of control codes so we can specify additional functions and other informa tion needed for a printer function In this manual we ll write the ESC code inside broken brackets like this ESC ESC decimal 27 is always followed by at least one other number it is never used alone The whole series of related numbers is called an escape sequence E A note on command syntax Because the readers of this manual will be running such a wide variety of applications on so many different computers we can t show the exact way of sending codes to the printer for each one of them Instead as we introduce you to each new com mand we will show the commands as in this example ESC W 1 This command turns on expanded printing ESC as we mentioned earlier is the escape code which is ASCII code 27 A letter or number in quotes such as the W above means that the character should be sent to the printer but without the quotes In our example you should send a capital W following the escape code In BASIC you could do this in a couple of ways by sending the character itself e g LPRINT W or by using the CHR function to send the ASCII code for the character e g LPRINT CHR 87 Many of printer commands end with a 1 or 0 When shown as in the above example i e no quotes and no CHR you can use either ASCII code 1 i e CHR 1 or the character 1 w
36. two exceptions The exceptions are that ESC will not erase any characters that you have stored in the printer s RAM memory Chapter 7 tells you how to create your own characters and if you set the Panel modes by the control panel settings at power on these functions will remain with this control code E Taking the printer off line You know how to put your printer off line with the On Line key on the control panel The printer has another off line state that can be controlled from the computer When you turn the printer off line from the computer the printer will ignore anything that you send it except for the code to go on line again CHR 19 ESC Q 3 with the IBM P mode is the code to turn the printer off line CHR 17 turns the printer back to on line status E Printing the bottom of the sheet Sometimes when you are using individual sheets of paper you may want to print near the bottom of a sheet The paper out detector usually stops the printer when you are about 1 inch from the bottom of the sheet This is notify you if you are run ning out of continuous paper Your printer has the ability to print right to the bottom of the 89 sheet You can disable the paper out detector so that it doesn t stop the printer This will allow you to print to the end of the sheet and even beyond if you are not careful The codes to con trol the paper out detector along with the other codes that we have just
37. 2 2nd 16 Left space i byte lt 8 Right space 4 2 C 1 Data 128 ist 64 2nd Jrd 32 4th 3rd 16 Sth byte 6th be Tth f 8th 1 Sth Figure 7 3 Use this grid or one similar to it to define your own draft characters 111 123456789 r A 1st _ byte lt n L a Cm B i ASCI code 6P ej 2nd 4 Ci Left space 7 byte e Right space 2 pE Eeim raa ist 1 14 Ce Eg rt to ad 8 189 Q aed patel pelle pt den Bh 2 99 128 bye CO a E EAR ee re of 255 ve Pt om e 3D Figure 7 4 Add the values of the dots in each column and write the sum of each column at the bottom E Assigning a value of character space Besides being able to specify the actual width of the character this printer allows you to specify the position in the standard grid where the character will print You must specify the dot column in which the printed character starts and the dot column in which the character ends Why you may ask would you want to define a character this way instead of merely defin ing the overall width of the character Because this printer s draft proportional character definitions can also be used to print normal width characters which are twelve dot columns wide And by centering even the narrow characters in the complete grid they will look good even you aren t printing them propor tionally The three bytes are used to specify the width of the charac
38. 20 2 2 27 120 1 21 2 2 27 120 0 22 3 3 27 64 23 120 120 24 120 120 25 120 120 26 120 120 m m m te ra r ee mm e ee The codes 120 in lines 23 through 26 can be changed to reflect more pitch settings We recommend that until you are more familiar with using special function codes you use just the six we have defined When you have finished press RETURN You will be ie eee ed b d ee eee d a Leal 32 transferred to the Edit Line Spacing screen Do not change these codes They define how many lines per inch the printer uses Press RETURN to transfer to the Edit Font Support screen Change all of the entry fields to Option 2 Control Code Sup port on the Edit Font Support screen Also make changes in the other fields to look like the figure shown below Enter the italic codes for lines 41 50 41 Bold Shadow Face Support 2 42 Single Underline Support 2 Using Character 95 43 Double Underline Support 2 Using Character 0 44 Overstrike Support 2 Using Character from 45 Special Color Support 2 System Parameters 46 Sub Superscript Support 2 47 Will underline retain font Y or be normal font N NJ 49 Start double underline 50 After double underline When you have finished press RETURN and the Edit Font Sequences screen will be displayed Here you will define print control codes for use in your documents As with the pitch set tings AS
39. 70 LPRINT This line is EMPHASIZED printing 80 LPRINT CHRS 27 F 90 LPRINT This line is normal printing 100 END Run this program The results will look like this This line is BOLDFACE printing This line is BOLDFACE and EMPHASIZED This line is EMPHASIZED printing This line is normal printing Line 20 turns on boldface with ESC G and line 30 prints a line of text In line 40 emphasized is turned on with ESC E Line 50 prints a line of text in boldface and emphasized Line 60 then turns boldface off with ESC H so that line 70 can print in emphasized only Finally line 80 turns emphasized off so 61 your printer is set for normal printing Look closely at the different lines of printing In the line of boldface printing each character has been printed twice and the paper was moved up slightly the second time they were printed In emphasized printing the characters are moved slightly to the right the second time the printer prints The second line combin ed both of these so that each character was printed 4 times MIXING PRINT MODES We have learned how to use the various print modes in dividually and together Now we ll see how to combine them more efficiently You have at your disposal a unique command that lets you choose any valid combination of print modes and pitch This is the Master Print mode command It looks like this ESC P n Here the value of n defines the print
40. CHR 217 90 LPRINT CHR 27 3 7 If you have a 7 bit interface add the following lines to the pro gram given above 15 LPRINT CHR 27 gt 95 LPRINT CHRS 27 98 In this program line 10 selects character set 2 so that all the graphics characters can be used including the club symbol Then lines 20 80 print the 5 of clubs figure Line 90 cancels character set 2 which is the same as selecting character set 1 Here is what this program prints International character sets Your printer changes languages by changing 12 characters that are different in the different languages These sets of characters are called international character sets and there are 13 sets in all The control codes to select the international character sets are given in Table 6 5 Table 6 5 International character set commands Control code ESC R CHR 0 ESC R CHR 1 ESC R CHR 2 ESC R CHR 3 ESC R CHR 4 ESC R CHR 5 ESC R CHR 6 ESC R CHR 7 Norwa ESC R CHR 9 ESC R CHR 10 pain type I ESC R CHR 11 Latin America ESC R CHR 12 ONION ION ONION RE R x ANJAN Un NOTE When you set the printer to the IBM P mode use FS instead of ESC 99 The characters that change are shown beneath their ASCII code in Table 6 6 Table 6 6 International character sets rer E re
41. CII decimal values are used that correspond to the print function assigned to each control key Table 3 1 shows the current control function the print function we will assign to it and the keyboard keys used Table 3 1 EasyWriter I control keys Enter the italic codes for lines 51 66 33 27 52 27 45 27 53 27 45 61 Normal to Special 62 Special to Normal on dee Se ee se es es G bl haa d d l baad eae 51 Normal to Bold 27 71 52 Bold to Normal 27 72 53 Normal to Shadow r 27 52 54 Shadow to Normal 27 53 55 Normal to Underline 27 45 1 56 Underline to Normal 27 45 0 57 Normal to Double 27 87 1 58 Double to Normal 27 87 0 59 Normal to Overstrike 27 69 60 Overstrike to Normal 27 70 63 Normal to Subscript 27 83 1 64 Subscript to Normal 27 84 65 Normal to Superscript 27 83 0 66 Superscript to Normal 27 84 When you have finished press RETURN You re done You will be transferred out of the Reconfigure Type B Printer func tion and back to the System Functions Menu A sample printout with EasyWriter II Let s look at a short example to demonstrate how pitch set tings and print control keys can be used in a document The ex ample below shows the use of expanded and italic prints used in combination with condensed and pica pitch settings Use your Easy Writer II program hands on and type the example below SUBJECT ORDERING STATIONERY SUPPLIES I w
42. CING IS SET TO 11 THIS LINE SPACING IS SET TO 12 THIS LINE SPACING IS SET TO 14 THIS LINE SPACING IS SET TO 15 THIS LINE SPACING IS SET TO 16 THIS LINE SPACING IS SET TO 17 THIS LINE SPACING IS SET TO 18 THIS LINE SPACING IS SET TO 19 THIS LINE SPACING IS SET TO 20 THIS LINE SPACING IS SET TO 21 THIS LINE SPACING IS SET TO 22 THIS LINE SPACING IS SET TO 23 THIS LINE SPACING IS SET TO 24 THIS LINE SPACING IS SET TO 25 LINE SPACING IS SET TO 1 6 INCH NORMAL By comparing with the results between the Standard mode and the IBM modes you ll notice that the ESC A CHR n command with the IBM modes defined the line spacing as n 72 of an inch instead of 2 60 of an inch This is because that the IBM Graphics printer and Proprinter are normally sets the line spacing to n 72 of an inch with this command and most software programs use this command to set the line spacing And we ve thought the compatibility with those programs In addition the ESC 3 CHR n command sets the line spacing to n 216 of an inch with the same reason Table 5 2 shows all the line spacing commands including several shortcut commands for commonly used line spacings 69 Table 5 2 Line spacing commands Function Control code Set line spacing to 1 8 inch lt ESC gt 0 Set line spacing to 7 60 inch lt ESC gt 1 Standard mode only Set line spacing to 7 72 inch lt ESC gt 1 IBM modes on
43. ER CORD This cord connects the printer to its power source usually a wall outlet It s located at the left rear of the printer PRINT HEAD This is the device that does the actual print ing Like the strike lever in a typewriter tiny pins in the print head hit the paper through a ribbon TRACTOR FEED UNIT The drive gear and sprockets of the tractor feed unit move sprocket feed paper through the Mute cover Printer cover Control panel Font cartridge slot Interface cover Power cord Figure 2 1 Front and rear views of the printer printer PLATEN This is the rubber cylinder that carries paper to the print head INTERFACE COVER On the back of the printer this cover conceals and protects the interface board The cover is cut away to expose the external connector to which you attach Ra en a ee oo 11 your computer cable SLOTS FOR FONT CARTRIDGES These are the two openings at the bottom right of the front of the printer Insert ing an optional font cartridge pushes the small door up out of the way and exposes a connector which accepts the cartridge Controls and indicators Now let s go over the controls and indicators of the printer starting with the control panel on the right There are twelve in dicators and seven keys on the control panel 15 inch type e PCA PRINT TOP OF PAPER e PICH FORM FEED ONENE cone PCA Be PRINT TOP OF
44. HRS 9 TWO CHRS 9 THREE CHRS 9 FOUR Here s what you should get 78 ONE TWO THREE FOUR Even though the words are different length they are spaced out evenly by the horizontal tabs Now add the following line to your program to set different horizontal tabs 15 LPRINT CHR 27 D CHR 7 CHRS 14 CHRS 21 CHRS 0 5 ESC D is the command to begin setting horizontal tabs It must be followed by characters representing the positions where you want the tabs set In our program we are setting tabs in columns 7 14 and 21 The final CHR 0 ends the string of tabs In fact any character that is not greater than the provious one will stop setting tabs This means that you must put all your tab values in order from least to greatest or they won t all get set When you run the program now it produces this ONE TWO THREE FOUR The words are now closer together but still evenly spaced To reset the default tabs use one of the following programs LPRINT CHRS 27 e0 CHRS 8 LPRINT CHRS 27 R The ESC e 0 CHR n command sets the horizontal tabs to every n columns and the ESC R command restores the default tab positions 79 Table 5 7 Horizontal tab commands CHR 9 ESC D CHR n1 CHR n2 ESC e 0 CHRS n Restore the default tab positions ESC R IBM P mode only Nn One time horizontal tabs
45. LPRINT CANCEL LINE 80 LPRINT CHR 24 90 LPRINT DOES NOT WORK Here is what this program will print BACKSPACE DOES RGF WORK DELETE DOES WORK DOES NOT WORK The backspace codes in line 20 move the print head a total of three spaces to the left so that the first part of line 30 will over print the word NOT The delete codes in line 50 erase the three letters in the word NOT so that it doesn t even print In line 80 CHR 24 deletes the words in line 70 The semicolon at the end of line 70 prevents a line feed from causing that line to print before the printer receives the CHR 24 code The text in line 90 prints as it normally would because it is after CHR 24 Printing zeroes There are two types of zeroes There is the one we use every day 0 and this is what your printer will print as its default The other type is used almost exclusively in computers and engineering It is called the slash zero and is written like this The line through the number prevents you from misreading it as the letter O Immediate print This printer can print at the quick rate of 180 characters per second with draft characters But it will also print more slowly 91 at the speed of your typing In the immediate print mode the print head prints one character at a time as you send it The printer also moves the paper up so that you can see the current line and then down to continue printing
46. N LINE erens ER mm icono Dond T Quality amp Print Pitch Panel mode T Type Style amp Quality Panel mode Type Style Quality Panel Print Pitch All Panel mode Panel mode mode Panel mode Type Style amp Print Pitch Panel mode L ne Figure 3 1 The Panel Modes hold down keys while turning power on If you want to set only one attribute for example the Print Pitch Panel mode press the PRINT PITCH key on the control panel when you turn on the power After a second you will hear a beep and the ON LINE indicator will glow To change the pitch to another press the ON LINE key select the desired pitch and press the ON LINE key again The Print Pitch Panel mode is now set to the pitch of your choice Similarly with Draft and LQ turn on the power while holding the QUALITY key and wait for the ON LINE indicator glow If you want to change the character press the ON LINE 40 key press the QUALITY key once again to make your choice and press the ON LINE key again To select the Type Style Panel mode press the TYPE STYLE key while turning on the power To change the character set to another press the ON LINE key select the desired type and press the ON LINE key again The Type Style Panel mode is now set to the character set of your choice More than one attribute may be set in this way For example if you wish to set both print pitch and print quality pres
47. NG THE PRINTER WITH EASYWRITER II Note If you have not read the General Concepts section in this chapter you should do so before continuing This printer can be used with most of the standard print func tions available with your EasyWriter II word processing pro gram These functions require no special adjustments to the printer or your program They include 1 Printing from the Print List Form screen 2 Setting margins tabs and lines per inch in the ruler line of your document The pitch settings however should be adjusted to obtain maximum use They will be discussed later in this chapter 3 Print settings in the System Parameter function which are either default or new settings edited by you You can also redefine the print functions of EasyWriter II to take advantage of many of the printing capabilities of your printer You may already be familiar with reconfiguring the printer driver from Appendix B of your EasyWriter II User s Manual If not don t be nervous it s not as hard as it sounds We will show you how to make changes in your program specifically to help you print with this printer By changing the pitch settings you can use the document 30 ruler line to print pica elite and condensed width pitches In ad dition you can use a similar method to print in letter quality The print control codes can be redefined to enhance the final product of your document The boldface underline supers
48. PAPER eure PT Pron FORM FEED ON LINE icon Figure 2 2 The control panel POWER INDICATOR Glows green when the power is on PAPER EMPTY INDICATOR Glows red when the printer runs out of paper and when certain printer malfunctions occur FORM LENGTH SWITCH Tells the printer how long the pages are TYPE STYLE INDICATORS Glows green to indicate the character set in use as shown below set by the Type Style key or the DIP switch Indicator to glow Type Style None Roman Internal Characters Italic Italic Internal Characters Fi Roman Font 1 Characters F1 and Italic Italic Font 1 Characters F2 Roman Font 2 Characters 15 type only F2 and Italic Italic Font 2 Characters 15 type only 12 TYPE STYLE KEY Changes the type style among four or six styles when the On Line indicator is off QUALITY INDICATORS Either DRAFT or LETTER glows green to indicate the character quality set by the Quality key QUALITY KEY Changes the print quality every time it is pressed when the On Line indicator is off PITCH INDICATORS Shows the character pitch current ly set as shown below Indicator to glow Print Pitch Pica Pica pitch 10 CPI Elite Elite pitch 12 CPI Cond Semi condensed pitch 15 CPI Pica and Cond Pica condensed pitch 17 CPI Elite and Cond Elite condensed pitch 20 CPI Prop and Pica Pica proportional pitch Prop and Elite Elite proportional pitch Prop and Cond Semi
49. Removing the packing tube The printer is shipped with a protective spiral tube to keep the print head from being damaged during shipping This tube Carriage rail Spiral tube a Co Figure 1 3 Remove the protective tube from the carriage rail must be removed before use First take off the printer cover The protective tube is split along its bottom side to allow easy removal Grasp one end of the spiral tube and firmly pull it up ward and away from the carriage rail E Removing shipping screws 15 inch type only There are two shipping screws inside the 15 inch type printer used to hold the internal chassis securely to the lower case dur ing shipping To get at these remove the printer cover from the printer Then remove the red screws with a Phillips screwdriver as shown in Figure 1 4 You ll be smart to save these screws along with the rest of the packing material and the shipping carton in case you ever have to ship the printer Tape the screws somewhere on the car ton or packing Figure 1 4 There are two shipping screws inside the printer dur ing shipping They should be removed before use E Fitting the platen knob 15 inch type only The platen knob fits into the hole in the right side of the printer case Look at the hole in the knob Match the flat surface in the knob with the flat side of the shaft and press the knob on to the shaft firmly Turn the knob a few times to make sure t
50. T before we have set up tabs the command advances the paper only one line Enter this program to see how this works 10 Demo of vertical tabs 40 LPRINT CHR 11 FIRST TAB 50 LPRINT CHR 11 SECOND TAB 60 LPRINT CHRS 11 THIRD TAB 70 LPRINT CHRS 11 FOURTH TAB Now let s set some vertical tabs of our own Add these lines to the program 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 B CHRS 10 CHRS 15 30 LPRINT CHR 25 CHRS 30 CHRS 0 ESC B is the command to set vertical tabs Like the horizontal tab setting command tab positions must be defined 82 in ascending order Our example sets vertical tabs at lines 10 15 25 and 30 Then the CHR 11 in each of the following lines advances the paper to the next vertical tab The printout is shown below FIRST TAB SECOND TAB THIRD TAB FOURTH TAB Add one more line to the program to demonstrate one more feature of vertical tabs 80 LPRINT CHR 11 FIFTHH TAB Now when you run the program the first page looks just like before but line 80 sends one more VT than there are tabs This doesn t confuse the printer it advances the paper to the next tab position which happens to be the first tab position on the next page There s a one time vertical tab command that works just like 83 the one time horizontal tab command Try this program to see how these commands work 10 Demo of print positions 20 LPRINT ist Line 1st Co
51. T CHR 27 A CHRS T 50 LPRINT THIS LINE SPACING IS SET TO I 60 NEXT I 70 LPRINT LINE SPACING IS SET TO 1 6 INCH NORMAL 80 LPRINT CHRS 27 5 2 90 END Line 40 changes the line spacing The command ESC A CHR n changes the line spacing to 7 60 of an inch The loop that is started in line 20 increases the value of n the variable I in this program each time it is executed So the line spacing in creases as the program continues Line 30 just shortcuts the loop when I 13 since BASIC won t let us send CHR 13 without adding an unwanted CHR 10 to it Finally the ESC 2 in line 80 resets the line spacing to 6 lines per inch This is a shortcut that is the same as ESC A CHR 10 66 This is what you will get with the Standard mode THIS THIS THIS THIS THIS THIS THIS THIS THIS THIS THIS THIS THIS THIS THIS THIS LINE oR LINE SPACING IS SET TO 9 LINE SPACING IS SET TO 10 LINE SPACING IS SET TO 11 LINE SPACING IS SET TO 12 LINE SPACING IS SET TO 14 LINE SPACING IS SET TO 15 LINE SPACING IS SET TO 16 LINE SPACING IS SET TO 17 LINE SPACING IS SET TO 18 LINE SPACING IS SET TO 19 LINE SPACING IS SET TO 20 LINE SPACING IS SET TO 21 LINE SPACING IS SET TO 22 LINE SPACING IS SET TO 23 LINE SPACING IS SET TO 24 LINE SPACING IS SET TO 25 SPACING IS SET TO 1 6 INCH NORMAL You may wonder why 1 60 of an inch was chosen as the incre ment for the line
52. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX When you want to reset the margins to the default values you have two choices You can either turn the printer off and back on or you can set margin values equal to the default values This means that you should set a left margin of 0 and right margin of 80 or 136 in pica pitch If you change the pitch of your printing after you set your margins the margins will not change They stay at the same place on the page So if you set the margins to give you 65 col umns of printing when you are using pica type and you change to elite type you will have room for more than 65 columns of elite printing between the margins S HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL TABS o Suppose you need to move across the page to a certain posi tion several times in a document It s not much fun to type in space after space You don t have to you can tab your way across the page Your printer s tabs are like those on a typewriter but much more powerful You have both horizontal and vertical tabs which can be used for both text and graphics and they re real ly handy for indenting paragraphs and making tables Horizontal tabs Horizontal tabs are set automatically every eight positions To move the print head to the next tab position send CHR 9 Try this program to see how the default tabs work 10 Demo of horizontal tabbing 20 LPRINT ONE C
53. a typewriter once they are set all printing is done between them You can set margins either by using the keys on the con trol panel as described in Chapter 3 or by escape commands The commands to set the margins are given in the following table Table 5 6 Left and right margin commands Control code lt ESC gt 1 CHR n lt ESC gt Q CHR n except IBM P mode lt FS gt Q CHR n IBM P mode lt ESC gt X CHR n1 CHR n2 Function Set left margin at column n Set right margin at column n Set left margin at column n1 and right margin at column n2 Try setting the margins with this program 10 Demo of margins 20 GOSUB 70 30 LPRINT CHRS 27 1 CHRS 10 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 Q CHRS 70 50 GOSUB 70 60 END 70 FOR I 1 TO 80 80 LPRINT X 90 NEXT I 100 LPRINT 110 RETURN The first thing that this program does is to branch to the subroutine that starts in line 70 This subroutine prints 80 X s in arow The first time that the subroutine is used all the X s fit in one line Then line 30 sets the left margin to 10 and line 40 sets the right margin to 70 Once again the subroutine is used but this time the X s won t all fit on one line since there is now only room for 60 characters between the margins 77 Run the program The results will look like this XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
54. ad the ribbon slide the print head carriage manually to the right or left and the ribbon will slip down by itself into its proper position 7 Replace the printer cover A switch on the printer prevents the printer from operating when the cover is off Installing the mute cover Mute cover Printer cover d Figure 1 7 Install the mute cover by holding vertically then lay down on the printer cover The mute cover reduces the printer s operating sounds Note the position of the guide pins on the mute cover as shown in Figure 1 7 Holding the mute cover at each end insert the guide pins into the cutout hooks on the printer cover Hold the mute cover down onto the printer To remove it reverse the procedure E Installing the interface board Interface board Figure 1 8 Slide the I F board into the slot A parallel interface board comes standard with your printer A In addition there are two optional interface I F boards a serial interface board that lets you connect to a serial RS 232C com puter port and the other board contains extra buffer memory for parallel output All three boards are installed the same way To install or change an I F board turn off the power and turn the printer around Notice the snap on cover at the left end Take it off by sliding it upwards Fit the I F board into the side slots and slide it all the way down don t force it Make sure that the boa
55. aper to be fed in either direction without jamming This allows you to move around the page at will You can use this feature to print several columns of text side by side or to print a graph and then move back up and insert descriptive legends As you experiment you re bound to come up with more uses The simplest form of reverse paper feeding is a reverse line feed The code is ESC LF which causes the paper to move down in effect moving the printing up one line A line used in a reverse line feed is the same size as a line in a regular line feed this is normally 1 6 inch When you change the line spac ing which you ll read about next both forward and reverse line feeds change 65 Table 5 1 Line feed commands Return pont head to margin OMRSOS Return print head to left margin CHR 13 HR 10 ESC CHR 10 Adds LF to every CR ESC 5 1 IBM P mode only Restore normal function of CR ESC 5 0 IBM P mode only ji Changing the line spacing When you turn your printer on the line spacing is set to 6 lines per inch or 8 lines per inch if DIP switch 2 8 is off This is fine for most printing applications but when you want something different the printer makes it easy to set the line spacing to whatever you want Try this program to see how easy it is to change the line spac ing NEW 10 Demo of line spacing 20 FOR I 1 TO 25 30 IF I 13 THEN 60 40 LPRIN
56. cause we set the printer to the Quality Panel mode at power on so the printer ignored the control codes to set or cancel LQ characters This is a very useful way to print LQ characters if you are using a packaged software which does not support the LQ character mode 50 Table 4 1 Letter quality commands Control code ESC x 1 een aualii ON ESC I 2 IBM P mode only ESC x 0 ree UES ESC T 0 BM P mode only E Italic printing Italic letters are letters that are slanted to the right Your printer can print all of its letters in italic as well as the roman standard letters you are accustomed to Italics can be used to give extra emphasis to certain words The commands to turn italic on and off are shown in Table 4 2 Table 4 2 Italic commands Function ESC 4 except IBM P mode FS 4 IBM P mode only ESC 5 except IBM P mode Italic OFF FS 5 IBM P mode only Use this program to see italic characters 10 Demo of italic and roman 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 4 30 LPRINT This line is in ITALIC characters 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 5 50 LPRINT This line is in ROMAN characters Here is what you should get This line is in ITALIC characters This line is in ROMAN characters In this program line 20 turns italic on with ESC 4 and line 40 turns italic off with ESC 5 Now set the Type Style Panel mode as de
57. ch settings and print con trol codes also called font support However all the screens in volved will be explained as you see them displayed From the System Functions Menu choose Option 9 Recon figure Printer Type B and the printer name will be displayed Type over the present printer name as follows 1 Printer Name Letter Quality Printer 31 Press RETURN and the Edit Global Sequences screen will be displayed These codes control the print functions for form feed line feed margin settings and automatic justification We do not recommend that you edit any of these codes Press RETURN and the Edit Pitch Table screen will be displayed On this screen you will enter the ASCII decimal values to define the print pitches The first two fields in each line define the pitch range which in this case are both the same number They should be assigned as follows 10 Pica 1 Letter Quality On 12 Elite 2 Letter Quality Off 17 Condensed Pica 3 Master Reset Code On this screen the column labeled Sequence is used to define the print functions in their ASCII decimal values For these print pitches we will use a combination of codes to turn letter quality on and off and to choose the function code for each pitch For more details on function codes please refer to Appen dix D Follow the sample and enter the italic codes for lines 17 22 17 10 3 10 18 27 80 18 12 12 18 27 77 19 17 17 15
58. cript and subscript functions require only a slight recoding of infor mation in the printer driver And we have some suggestions for changing the characteristics of the other print control codes to use italic expanded emphasized and italic underline print With these options you will have even more flexibility printing with this printer Redefining pitch settings and print control codes In order to change the settings used in the document ruler line and the print control codes it is necessary to edit ASCII code decimal values in the System Functions portion of your EasyWriter I program For more details about ASCII codes please refer to Chapter 4 Your printer is considered a Type B printer by the EasyWriter II program Before making any changes in the printer driver you should first check to be sure the printer selec tion is set for printer Type B Option 7 on the System Functions menu Then follow the instructions in Appendix B of your EasyWriter II User s Manual to reconfigure Type B printers To become more familiar with the reconfiguration process and its terms and to make the instructions in this section easier to understand we suggest you read through Appendix B first In these few paragraphs we ll show you the ASCII decimal values we feel provide good flexibility in printing with this printer You should follow the instructions hands on with your own EasyWriter II program The changes you will make are for pit
59. d1 d2 dx from the top of our layout grid That s right each column is described by three bytes Now we ve got everything we need to download one character to the printer The complete command for our car character with the Standard mode is shown below CHR 27 CHRS 38 CHRS 0 CHRS 60 CHRS 60 CHRS 1 CHRS 9 CHRS 2 CHRS 1 CHRS 240 CHRS 0 CHRS 6 CHRS 8 CHRS 0 CHRS 8 CHRS 100 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 CHRS 24 CHRS 99 CHRS 128 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 CHR 31 CHR 255 CHRS 192 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 CHRS 6 CHRS 3 CHRS 0 Now let s send the information to the printer The following program will send the character definitions for all two characters to the printer Before you enter the program turn off the printer and set the DIP switch 2 3 off Otherwise your printer will ignore your download definitions After you set the DIP switch correctly enter the program and run it 10 LPRINT CHR 27 x0 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 amp CHRS 0 CHRS 60 CHRS 61 30 FOR N 60 TO 61 40 FOR M 1 TO 30 50 READ MM 60 LPRINT CHRS MM 70 NEXT M 80 NEXT N 90 LPRINT 100 END 110 DATA 1 9 2 1 240 O 6 8 O 8 100 0 115 120 DATA O O 0 24 99 128 0 0 OQ 31 255 192 130 DATA 0 0 O 6 3 O 140 DATA 1 9 2 14 O O 0 31 192 18 96 O 150 DATA 4 132 64 16 10 0 4 132
60. des before they send them to the printer If you run into problem because of this try this hex dump to check the ASCII codes First turn off the printer Hold down both the Paper Feed key and Quality key and turn on the printer and run the following program 104 10 FOR I 0 TO 255 20 LPRINT CHRS I 30 NEXT I 40 LPRINT 50 END If your system passes the codes directly to the printer without changing them you will get a printout like this You can print out the last remaining line in the print buffer by putting the printer off line with the On Line key 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ty 1A 1B 1C 1D VE VF owe eee 20 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F I RSS amp 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E 3F 01234567 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F ABCOEFG 50 51 52 53 54 55 S6 57 58 59 SA 5B 5C SD SE 5SF PORSTUVY 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F abcdefg 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7A 7B 7C 7D 7E 7F Paqrstuvw AO Al A2 A3 A4 AS AG A7 A8 A9 AA AB AC AD AE AF LVRSTE BO Bl B2 B3 B4 BS B6 B7 B8 BS BA BB BC BD BE BF 01234567 co ci C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 CA CB CC CD CE CF BABCDEFG DO Dt D2 D3 D4 DS D6 D7 D8 D9 DA DB DC DD DE DF PORSTUVW EO ET EZ E3 E4 ES EG E7 E8 E9 EA EB EC ED EE EF abcde fg FO Fi F2 F3 F4 FS F6 F7 F8 FS FA FB FC FD FE FF parstuvw OD OA ae HIJKLMNO XYZ _ hijklimno xXyz i 7 HIJKLANO XYZ Aiyvkimao xyzfi Most BASICs however are not quite that straig
61. e sfgehbisjkimnopqrstuvexyz is CUEGAFASSESESCTILAAESCESSOOUIFOUCELERFALGUGRAQ HEFEI E E Toe FMF oO BA e E E i ona fghijkimnopqrstuvwxyz i St amp 0123456789 gt ABCDEFGH ghijkimnopqrstuvwxyz i 7 SB amp 0123456789 lt gt ABCDEFGHI hijklmnopaqrstuvwxyz i Z amp C t 0123456789 lt gt 2 ABCDEFGHII ijklmnopqrstuvwxyz i 7 S23 amp 0123456789 ABCDEFGHIJK jkimnopaqrstuvwxyz 4S2 amp 0123456789 gt gt ABCDEFGAIJKL klmnopqrstuvwxyz i SZ amp 0123456789 lt gt 2 GABCDEFGHIJKLM hijklmnopqrstuywxyz i a4idunfagi kki ijklmnopgqrstuvwxyz i 41oqufRaodig k j gt jkimnopqrstuvwxyz i 4 ounsh ag k j vii kimnopqrstuvwxyz i TALOUARSQE KY KD Ay TNE EERE EEE E E E 24 MEMO ro ror ro CHAPTER 3 USING THE PRINTER WITH COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE Subjects covered in Chapter 3 include e Using commercial software e Controlling the printer with the Panel mode USING COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE Many of you purchased this printer to use with commercial software You made a good choice because this printer is com patible with most commercial programs from word processing programs to spreadsheet programs to accounting programs Many of these programs have a routine for describing your printer These routines are often in installation programs They
62. e horizontal tab command can move the print head right from the current position The formula for calculating how much the print head moves is the same as in the absolute horizontal tab command However the units by which the print head actually moves vary with the print pitch you are using as shown in Table 5 9 Table 5 9 Units of motion for the relative horizontal tab commands Unit of motion Letter Quality Print pitch 120 inch 1 180 inch 120 inch 1 180 inch Semi condensed amp Condensed pitch 1 240 inch 1 180 inch Try this program to see how this works 10 Demo of relative horizontal tabs 20 FOR I 1 TO 3 30 LPRINT Relative m moo r ec eo eo roo 81 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 CHR 1 20 CHR 0 50 LPRINT Horizontal 60 LPRINT CHR 27 CHRS 1I 10 CHRS 0 70 LPRINT Tab 80 NEXT I 90 END Relative Horizontal Tab Relative Horizontal Tab Relative Horizontal Tab Vertical tabs Vertical tabs have the same kinds of uses that horizontal tabs do they just work in the other direction Horizontal tabs allow you to reach a specific column on the page no matter where you start from Vertical tabs are the same If you have a vertical tab set at line 20 a vertical tab or VT gt will move you to line 20 whether you start from line 5 or line 19 Vertical tabs are not set at the power on default If you send a CHR 11 which is the ASCII code for V
63. e packages so no mat ter how sophisticated your applications become it will continue to meet your needs These are just a few of the reasons you chose a product by Star Micronics one of the most respected names in dot matrix printers We want you to get the most from your printer with the least effort on your part so please take a few minutes to read this easy to understand guide You ll find that it will help you produce crisp clean documents in the shortest time possi ble You will also find that this printer is remarkably simple to set up and operate and that it s virtually maintenance free Enjoy your new Star Micronics printer Table of Contents Chapter 1 Setting Up Your Printer Locating the printer Check the carton contents Removing the printer cover Removing the packing tube Removing shipping screws Fitting the platen knob Installing the ribbon cartridge Installing the mute cover Installing the interface board Installing the font cartridge Chapter 2 Getting to Know Your Printer Controls and parts of the printer Parts of the printer Controls and indicators Extra functions Other controls Selecting and loading paper Loading single sheets Loading sprocket feed paper Adjusting the print head Testing the printer Connecting the printer a Chapter 3 Using the Printer with Commercial 25 Software Using commercial software Word processing with the printer General concepts The escape code The master reset c
64. e will be the following ESC N CHR 44 CHR 1 There is one more command to print a character in the control code area ESC n This command prints one character determined by the value of n You ll get the same results as shown above with the following program 10 Demo of one character print 20 FOR I 0 TO 31 30 LPRINT CHR 27 5 40 LPRINT CHRS 1 50 NEXT I 60 LPRINT 70 END A note for IBM PC users When you run these programs you cannot get the right pointed arrow CHR 26 with the IBM PC computer This is because the IBM PC does not send this code to the printer To avoid this problem change line 40 and add line 100 and 120 to either of the following lists 40 GOSUB 100 100 O INP amp H379 IF 0 lt 128 THEN 100 101 110 OUT amp H378 1 OUT amp H37A 5 OUT amp H37A 4 120 RETURN 40 GOSUB 100 100 O INP amp H3BD IF 0 lt 128 THEN 100 110 OUT amp H3BC I OUT amp H3BE 5 OUT amp H3BE 4 120 RETURN E Printing BIG characters You can even enlarge your character sets for attention grab bing headings or special effects There are two commands you can use Everything following any of them will be enlarged as shown below until the cancel code is entered Table 6 7 Big character commands ESC h CHR 1 Quad high enlarged print ESC h CHR 2 Cancel enlarged print ESC h CHR 0 Try this program to see the big characters 10 Dem
65. eSPte CP ee 701 23456789 1 lt gt 7 ABCDEFGHIIKLANOPORSTUVUXYZE I _ abcde ese CP SRE dra tbat tts tA bth bt ete batts eat tp BEA Mei EM aABCrrcursaQgseade 1 BG 0123456789 lt gt 2 ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ _ abcd kk KD LU SEE iE Raba ttbi k kia H eS eee ite rr AP rLopt Sona Ba esb rea sib babepbrold sliver ymer abcd BK i oii 14 jga d gtt H Ieee pte l a wipe a Bras ANGLA ASZ A ARSENA 7897 lt a dence bal nordest hz A aa ano atm ami Reed PaloptoONSeQEN St2 lt Iiz nN nB Yete Ime WU Es tt Troe e naucpErGHTIRLAvO RSTUVWXYZ abede ski pktenanek THES T rit Ai Poernoursansegenates i tso fnta BT Petas ima Pheste gt 02123456789 54 gt T ABCOEFGHIIKLMNOPQRSTUUWIXYZ _ abcde mohn EP EBR te der dda sts ter bore be ete east tert tec tet chal aara our togbe IASI 4 O123456789 65 gt 7BABCDEFGHIIKLANOPQRSTUVWXTZEI _ abede Hoe DESB evr dbase Ste b t bt ese rast tee tee tet Mal abr lou rt aagsoo Self test 2 Standard mode I SBE 7 0123456789 lt gt 2 ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ _ abcde L ASLA 0123456789 lt gt ABCDEFGHIIKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ _ abcdef SEE 0123456789 lt gt 7 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ _ abcdefg SR amp 0123456789 lt gt 27 ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ _ abcdefgk 2 amp 7 0123456789 lt gt 7 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ _ abcdefghi
66. each character than with the draft printing This process results in a higher quality look to your text Draft quality characters print much faster so use them for your first drafts and use letter quali ty for a professional looking finished manuscript The escape code sequence to turn the LQ set on is ESC x 1 and the code sequence to select draft quality is ESC x 0 The decimal equivalents are 27 120 1 and 27 120 0 respectively E Getting the most from your print choices After working with the printer for a while you may find that you want to add or change some of the print functions we have described in this chapter We suggest you do three things First you should review Chapter 4 and Appendix D to become as familiar as possible with ASCII codes and the function codes 29 Second read Chapter 4 which describes them in greater detail and shows examples of how they are used in BASIC programm ing The functions will for the most part act the same in your word processing program Understanding what s available and how they perform will help you use them correctly in your documents And third follow the procedures in this chapter and your pro gram User s Manual You may want to experiment with expanded text in combina tion with other print types You can create some great looking results with these functions If you are unsure of any functions review them first then try some of your own samples USI
67. ead of turning off the printer 1 Set the Off Line mode by pressing the On Line key 2 While holding the On Line key press the Type Style key 3 While holding the two keys more than three seconds the contents of the print buffer are cleared with the sound of beep CHAPTER 4 PRINTING WITH BASIC Subjects covered in Chapter 4 include e Listing BASIC programs on the printer e How a program prints things e Control codes escape codes and command syn tax e Selecting the right software mode e Letter quality LQ characters e Fixed and proportional character spacing e Special printing Printing in italics Underlining and overlining Superscripts and subscripts Boldface and emphasized text Mixing print modes To show you how to control your printer from a program we have chosen BASIC because it is easy to learn and easy to use Also more personal computer users program in BASIC than in any other language The rest of this manual will show you a little BASIC just enough for you to use your printer We re not going to try to make you an expert programmer though only get you started There are many excellent books that will teach you BASIC so if you discover that you like to program you should have no trou ble learning more about it 44 SOME BASICS OF BASIC First steps The first things that a beginner learns to do are to list a pro gram and to print a character string Certainly these are the eas
68. er set 2 is selected with ESC 6 to go back to character set 1 use ESC 7 You can also specify the power on default character set by set ting DIP switch 1 5 on for character set 1 and off for character set 2 while the IBM modes are selected The following pro gram will print out all of the graphics characters available 10 LPRINT CHRS 27 0 5 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 6 5 30 FOR J 3 TO 6 40 LPRINT 3J CHR J CHRS 9 50 NEXT J 60 LPRINT 21 3CHRS 21 70 LPRINT 80 FOR J 128 TO 254 STEP 5 90 FOR I J TO J 4 100 IF 1 gt 254 THEN 140 110 LPRINT I CHRS 1 CHRS 9 120 NEXT I 130 LPRINT LPRINT 140 NEXT J 96 3 128 133 138 143 148 153 158 163 168 173 178 183 188 193 198 203 208 213 218 223 228 233 238 243 248 253 amp tO Oo Fr oOaern e H E S r moo M Ba mm o 4 129 134 139 144 149 154 159 164 169 174 179 184 189 194 199 204 209 214 219 224 229 234 239 244 249 254 fp gc w C o mM n 1 a A edly a e D 5 Qa A Es 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245 250 w O M He amp aon Oo ot DUM 5 131 136 141 146 151 156 161 166 171 176 181 186 191 196 201 206 211 216 221 226 231 236 241 246 251 gt xc mR eR mh amp BY amp o Een ak r I a Hm y p
69. ers which are twice the width as standard condensed characters The sentence in the paragraph is printed in italic pica print The last ruler line will reinitialize the printer See the general con cepts section for more details on master reset This is just one example you should be able to apply most of the function codes to the setup used here E Redefining your own print pitches If you want to define a new print pitch Edit Pitch Table enter your function code to choose the print you want For example if you find yourself frequently using italic print for large blocks of text in pica pitch you can combine italic and pica pitch to define italic pica and use it in the ruler line of your document The ASCII code sequence would be 27 80 27 52 to print italic pica pitch E Redefining your own print control keys The ASCII codes to redefine the print control keys Edit Font Sequences are pretty straightforward There are individual 35 ASCII decimal values to turn on and off different prints You want to affect that aspect but not the print pitch itself Leave that for your document ruler line Remember all the codes can be found in Appendix D of this manual Also keep in mind that print control keys can be combined in your document such as boldface and underline EasyWriter I uses three methods of highlighting on the display screen It highlight underlines and shows reverse image characters You cannot combine print control
70. ers or Footers to each page of your output A header is a line that prints at the top of each page while a footer is a line that prints at the bottom of each page Lotus 1 2 3 has three characters that perform special func tions when they are included in a header or a footer You can in clude sequential page numbers on each page by including the character where you want the page number to print For exam ple Page The current date will be printed if you include the character in a header or footer For example As of You can direct sections of headers and footers to the left right or center by using the character Each header or footer is divided into three sections Left center and right The character shows the limits of these sections So to print a header with the date to the left a title in the center and a page number to the right the header might look like this 38 i Spreadsheet Title Page And on August 12 1986 the results might look like this 12 Aug 86 Spreadsheet Title Page 1 Another of the selections under Options is Setup This selec tion allows you to create a setup string that will be sent to the printer before each section of the spreadsheet is printed You can include non printing codes in the setup string by using a backslash N followed by a three digit number that consists of the decimal ASCII value for the code that you wish to send with leading zeros if required For examp
71. gin set Figure 3 2 You can set many functions by the combinations of the control panel keys in the Off Line mode 3 When you can set the print start position release the Paper Feed key or the Top Of Form key first then release the On Line key E Setting the top of form When you turn on the printer the top of form is automatically set to the current position If you want to change the position you can reset it by the following procedures 1 Set the Off Line mode by pressing the On Line key 2 While holding the Print Pitch key press the Top Of Form key Your printer acknowledges the new top of form with the sound of beep E Setting the left and right margins As you ll learn in Chapter 5 you can set the left and right margins with the control codes In addition you can set them manually just like a typewriter by the following procedures 1 Set the Off Line mode by pressing the On Line key 2 While holding the Quality key press one of the following keys Top Of Form key Left margin set 42 Paper Feed key Right margin set 3 While holding the two keys the print head moves across the page step by step 4 When the print head goes to the position where you want to set margin release the two keys So the printer acknowledges the margin with the sound of beep W Clearing the print buffer You can clear the contents of the print buffer with the control panel by the following procedures inst
72. hat the platen rotates smoothly and easily Caution The platen knob is packed into a recess of the white ro a foam packing material which held your printer inside the pack ing box Be careful to remove the knob before disposing of the packing pieces E Installing the ribbon cartridge This printer uses a neat easy to change ribbon cartridge with automatic threading To fit or change the ribbon cartridge r Figure 1 5 Press the cartridge into place until the holding springs snap into place 1 2 Turn off the power and remove the printer cover Slide the print head gently to the center of the printer Warning The print head gets hot during operation so let it cool off before you touch it Set the release lever to either single sheet fi or sprocket feed paper fm With the ribbon facing away from you use the guide holders as a fulcrum and lightly press the cartridge down until the two holder springs snap shut to hold the cartridge firmly in place See Figure 1 5 Check that the cartridge fits so that the drive pins engage the cartridge teeth by turning the ribbon ad vance knob Advance the ribbon to take up any slack Gently slide the print head carriage manually all the way to your right or left until the ribbon automatically slips down into its proper place between the print head and the silver ribbon guide _ Ribbon guide Print head Figure 1 6 To thre
73. hich is ASCII code 49 The same principle applies to com mands ending with 0 48 So for our example above any of these BASIC statements will have the same result LPRINT CHRS 27 CHRS 87 CHRS 1 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 87 CHRS 49 LPRINT CHRS 27 W CHRS 1 LPRINT CHRS 27 W CHRS 49 LPRINT CHRS 27 W1 Even though there are many commands that require the use of ASCII code 0 the NUL character the number 0 zero or ASCII code 48 cannot be substituted In these cases instead of an unadorned 0 we will show CHR 0 each time these com mands are referenced That s it for the basics You are now ready to learn how to use the many features of your printer E Selecting the right software mode For this printer to correctly respond to control codes you must make sure that you ve set the DIP switches properly The rest of this manual discuss the various control codes to control this printer You ll find that many features have dif ferent codes for either the Standard mode or the IBM modes The Standard Mode emulates the Epson LQ 1000 printer The IBM G Mode emulates the IBM Graphics printer and the IBM P Mode emulates the IBM Proprinter You can select one of these modes by setting DIP switches 2 1 and 2 2 For details please refer to Appendix A SOME SPECIAL KINDS OF TEXT If you looked carefully at your printer s self test you probably noticed that it can print in italics But that s
74. his program though The semicolons at the end of the lines told BASIC that those lines were to be continued Therefore BASIC didn t send a carriage return and line feed at the end of those lines We just did this to illustrate that all these control codes can be used in the middle of a line It s easy to underline overline or italicize on ly part of a line E Superscripts and subscripts Your printer can print in two different heights of characters The smaller characters are called superscripts and subscripts and are half the height of normal characters Superscripts print even ly with the tops of regular printing while subscripts print evenly with the bottom of regular printing They are frequently used to reference footnotes and in mathematical formulas Table 4 5 has the codes for using superscripts and subscripts Table 4 5 Superscripts and subscripts commands Control code ESC S 0 ESC S 1 Try this program to see them work Function Superscript ON Subscript ON Super and subscript OFF 10 Demo of superscripts and subscripts 20 LPRINT Look 30 LPRINT CHR 27 S0 40 LPRINT SUPERSCRIPTS 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 T 60 LPRINT amp 3 70 LPRINT CHRS 27 S1 80 LPRINT SUBSCRIPTS 90 LPRINT CHRS 27 T 100 LPRINT on one line Look SUPERSCRIPTS amp gyupscripts On one line 54 Here line 30 turns on superscripts with ESC S 0
75. ht forward For example the IBM PC prints the following OF 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 PROVE OTS TBAG AD VES TP ete Sa ees 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F LURPERA 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E 3F 01234567 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F ABCDEFG 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5A 5B 5C 5D SE 5F PQRSTUVW 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F abcdefg 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7A 7B 7C 7D 7E 7F pqrstuvw AO Al A2 AZ A4 AS AE A7 A8 AS AA AB AC AD AE AF LPS EE BO Bt B2 B3 B4 BS B6 B7 B8 B9 BA BB BC BD BE BF 01234567 co CI C2 C3 C4 CS C amp C7 cs c9 CA CB CC CD CE CF ABCDEFS DO DI D2 D3 D4 DS DE D D8 D9 DA DB DC DD DE DF PORSTUVHW EQ El E2 E3 E4 ES 6 E7 E8 E9 EA EB EC ED EE EF abcdefg FO FI F2 F3 F4 FS F6 F7 F8 FS FA FB FC FD FE FF parstuyy 89 lt gt HIJKLMNO XYZ hijklmno xyz i 7 HIJKLANO XYZ 7 Aigkimno xyz i 3 105 Notice that your printer receives decimal code 13 hex OD together with hex 0A which is really decimal 10 In addition your printer does not receive decimal code 26 hex 1A Your printer prints 16 hex numbers per line printing the characters on the right hand side If it receives less than 16 it sits in a holding pattern awaiting more data Taking the printer off line dumps the characters to the paper To debug a program quickly just use the hex dump capabili ty Appendix B will help you translate the hex codes to ASCII equi
76. icro feed Top of form set PROP To pce Dh PRINT TOP OF PAPER QUALITY Bl core ME PITCH FORM FEED ON EINE LETTER Am cono Te i j Clear the buffer Right margin set Left margin set tL ae Figure 2 4 You can set many functions by the combinations of the control panel keys while in the Off Line mode For details please refer to the end of next chapter 14 Other controls There are other controls not connected to the control panel Some of the more important ones are POWER SWITCH The switch that turns the printer on and off is at the back on the left side PLATEN KNOB This knob is at the middle of the right side and lets you turn the platen by hand like a typewriter Caution Turn the platen knob only with the Power switch off Turning the knob with the power on could damage the drive gears RELEASE LEVER The release lever is on top of the printer near the left rear corner It controls how strongly the paper is held against the platen The release lever has four posi tions the top setting is used for inserting paper the next is for single sheets the third is for sprocket feed paper and the bot tom one is used when adjusting the paper PAPER BAIL The bail is the movable bar that holds the paper against the platen Its position depends on the setting of the release lever DIP SWITCHES There are one set of ten switches and one
77. ied normal printing with ragged right margin r centered between the margins right aligned right justified or i fully aligned These are selected by the following commands 86 Table 5 12 Alignment commands Fully justified printing ESC a 3 Try this program to see how easy it is 10 Demo of aligning and centering 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 1 CHRS 20 30 LPRINT CHRS 27 Q CHRS 60 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 a0 50 LPRINT THIS LINE IS LEFT JUSTIFIED 6C LPRINT CHRS 27 al 70 LPRINT THIS LINE IS CENTERED 80 LPRINT CHRS 27 a2 90 LPRINT THIS LINE IS RIGHT JUSTIFIED 100 LPRINT CHRS 27 a3 110 LPRINT THIS LINE IS LEFT AND RIGHT FULL JUSTIFIED When you run this program you should get like this THIS LINE IS LEFT JUSTIFIED THIS LINE IS CENTERED THIS LINE IS RIGHT JUSTIFIED z THIS LINE IS LEFT AND RIGHT FULL JUSTIFIED CHAPTER 6 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE PRINTER Subjects covered in Chapter 6 include e Printer s bell e Master reset e Uni directional printing International character sets e Printing BIG characters e The optional sheet feeder e Reading a hex dump In the previous chapters we have learned about several groups of control codes In this chapter we will look at more con trol codes These codes don t fit neatly into any of the groupings that we have looked at so far but they add a lot of useful features to your printer
78. iest operations one can do but even they may depend on what computer you have In Microsoft BASIC we can list all the steps in a program by entering LIST This lists them on the CRT screen if we want to print them on a printer we prefix the command with an L enter LLIST The Microsoft BASIC command for outputting information is PRINT Like the LIST command this displays the information on the CRT screen so we have to add an L LPRINT if we want to use the printer Just put whatever you want to print be tween quotes and after LPRINT anything enclosed in quotes is called a character string For example we would use LPRINT Hello to output Hello to the printer We ll see later how to LPRINT more than just character strings We started with Microsoft BASIC because it is the most wide ly used version of BASIC The programs in this manual are written in Microsoft BASIC so they should run on most com puters But if strange things happen when you try to run a pro gram check the BASIC manual that came with your computer Let s consider Apple M computers for a minute These popular computers use their own brand of BASIC To use an Apple II enter the following PR 1 PR 1 LIST PRINT Hello PR 0 PR 0 The PR 1 tells the Apple to send everything to the printer the LIST or PRINT command sends it and the PR 0 returns output to the screen Now that we know how to address the printer let s try listing a BASIC prog
79. ith the top of the ribbon guide on the print head then turn the printer back on If ia you don t remember how to do this review Chapter 2 When you run the program the results will look like this ro me omne ee e n ee ae J SO ot ed a Dd Be E O LINE NUMBER 3 i l LINE NUMBER 4 l f The form feed CHR 12 in line 50 caused the printer to move to the top of a new page before printing the last two lines 72 E Reverse form feed Just as your printer can perform a reverse line feed it can doa reverse form feed This code moves the paper so that the print head is positioned at the top of the current page This can be used for example to print text in a multi column magazine for mat print the first column then reverse form feed back to the top of the page to start the second column The code for reverse form feed is easy to remember ESC FF Table 5 3 Form feed commands Advance paper to top of next page CHR 12 everse paper to top of current page ESC CHR 12 Set the top of form to the current position ESC 4 IBM P mode only Setting the top of form When you turn on the printer the top of form is automatically set to the current position If you want to change the position you can re set it by the following control code with the IBM P mode ESC 4 In addition you can re set it with the control panel as de scribed in Chapter 3
80. ix D Function Codes 149 Commands to control print style Font style controls Font pitch controls Special print modes Controlling the vertical print position Line feed and reverse line feed controls Form feed and related commands Top bottom margins and vertical tabs Controlling the horizontal print position Download character commands Dot graphics commands Other commands Appendix E Command Summary in Numeric 211 Order Standard mode IBM G mode IBM P mode Appendix F Technical Specifications 225 Appendix G The Parallel Interface 229 Functions of the connector signals Appendix H Serial Interface Specifications 233 Index Configuring the serial interface The serial protocols Serial busy protocols XON XOFF protocol ACK protocol 239 CHAPTER 1 SETTING UP YOUR PRINTER Subjects covered in Chapter 1 include e Choosing a suitable place for your printer e Unpacking e Setting up LOCATING THE PRINTER Give some thought to the best place to put the printer Both the printer and computer should be used in normal office sur roundings For best performance we recommend e Use the printer on a flat surface e Keep it out of direct sunlight and away from heat producing appliances e Use it only in temperatures where you are comfortable e Avoid locations with dust grease or high humidity e Supply it clean electricity Don t connect it to the same circuit used by large noise producing app
81. lable Enter this program to see how the print pitches expanded print and condensed print can be combined 10 Demo of various print pitches 20 LPRINT CHR 15 30 LPRINT CHR 27 M 40 LPRINT This line is CONDENSED ELITE pitch 50 LPRINT CHR 27 P 60 LPRINT This line is CONDENSED PICA pitch 70 LPRINT CHR 18 80 LPRINT CHR 27 g 90 LPRINT This line is SEMI CONDENSED pitch 100 LPRINT CHR 27 M 110 LPRINT This line is NORMAL ELITE pitch 120 LPRINT CHR 27 P 130 LPRINT This line is NORMAL PICA pitch 140 LPRINT CHR 27 W1 150 LPRINT CHR 15 160 LPRINT CHR 27 M 170 LPRINT This line is EXPANDED CONDENSED ELITE 180 LPRINT CHR 27 P 190 LPRINT This line is EXPANDED CONDENSED PICA 200 LPRINT CHRS 18 210 LPRINT CHRS 27 g 58 220 LPRINT This is EXPANDED SEMI CONDENSED 230 LPRINT CHRS 27 M 240 LPRINT This is EXPANDED ELITE 250 LPRINT CHRS 27 P 260 LPRINT This is EXPANDED PICA 270 LPRINT CHRS 27 WO 280 END Here s what you should get from this program This line is CONDENSED ELITE pitch This line is CONDENSED PICA pitch This line is SEMI CONDENSBD pitch This line is NORMAL ELITE pitch This line is NORMAL PICA pitch This line is EXPANDED CONDENSED ELITE This line is EXPANDED CONDENSED PICA This is EXPANDED SEMI CONDENSED This is EXPANDED ELITE This is EXPANDED PICA Proportional printing Have you eve
82. lation ship to the draft characters As you can see the capital letters use the top eighteen wires of the print head and the descenders such as the lower case p shown use the bottom eighteen pins As the print head moves across the page in either direc tion that s what is meant by bi directional printing it prints one column of dots at a time Each time a dot is supposed to print an electromagnet inside the print head causes the ap propriate wire to strike the ribbon making this printer an im pact printer O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O co O Figure 7 1 As the print head moves across the page each of the wires prints one row of dots DESIGNING YOUR OWN CHARACTERS Standard characters are permanently stored in the printer s ROM Read Only Memory but characters you design are 109 downloaded and stored in RAM Random Access Memory for use Designing and printing your own characters has two re quirements firstly designing the shape of the character calculating the data necessary to make the shape and sending that data to the printer and secondary sending the command to print the downloaded characters instead of the standard characters There are a number of design constraints for download draft quality characters ee e The matrix or grid on which you design the characters is five boxes wide by twenty four boxes high gt e Horizontally dots may
83. le to print a worksheet in condensed print use the setup string X015 This sends ASCII 15 which is the code for condensed printing The following table shows how many character columns will fit with different print ing width and the setup string to get each width Table 3 2 Print columns on a page with Lotus 1 2 3 Characters per line Setup codes 018 027P 96 027W 001 Expandedon S Expanded off ss N027W 000 EQon 027x001 LQoff TC 027x000 Proportionalon i A 027pN 001 Proportional off gt 027p00 O USING THE PANEL MODES At the end of this chapter we ll explain about the Panel mode which is powerful function of the printer Some commer cial software does not support defining your own selections In 39 this case use the Panel modes Selection of any of the Panel Modes at power on ensures that your choices remain in effect until you turn the power off This means that the printer will ignore any codes sent by the soft ware that you are using The Panel Modes allow selection of the following printing attributes Ke Type of Panel mode Type Style Type Style Panel mode Quality Quality Panel mode Print Pitch Print Pitch Panel mode Top Of Form All Panel mode j 1 AUC TO Fr 2 fd ci Le m TYPE pica TE PRINT TOP OF PAPER STYLE Quai eure PITCH FORM FEED O
84. liances such as refrigerators e Make sure the line voltage is within 10 of the voltage specified on the identification plate CHECK THE CARTON CONTENTS Open the carton and check each item in the box against Figure 1 1 to make sure that you have everything there should be six items J Figure 1 1 Check to make sure you have all six items 1 Printer 2 Mute cover 3 Paper guide 4 Ribbon cartridge 5 Platen knob and 6 User s manual You should also have a parallel interface board to connect your computer to the printer Also available are a parallel inter face board with extra buffer memory and a serial interface board both optional More on interfaces later E Removing the printer cover The printer s cover is important for two reasons it keeps dust and dirt away from the printer s delicate mechanism and it absorbs nearly all of the printer s operating sounds Don t take off the cover unless you have to change the ribbon or make an adjustment To remove the cover lift up the back of the cover to gt s ro 7 disengage the two or three tabs at the front then lift it off the rest of the way To replace the cover slide the tabs in at the front and lower it into place Figure 1 2 shows the proper posi tion and movement for both removing and replacing the cover Printer cover Figure 1 2 Remove the printer cover by lifting carefully B
85. looked at are in the following table Table 6 1 Some miscellaneous commands Function Sound bell CHR3 7 ESC CHR 19 except IBM P mode osie gsr MP mode CHR 17 Paper out detector off ESC 8 ESC 9 Delete last character sent Print slash zero Add n dot spaces between ESC CHR 32 CHR n characters Standard mode only Half speed print on ESC s 1 Half speed print off ESC s 0 E Backspace delete and cancel text Backspace CHR 8 backs up the print head so that you can print two characters right on top of each other Each time your printer receives a backspace it moves the print head one character to the left instead of to the right You can strike over multiple letters by sending more than one backspace code Delete CHR 127 also backs up one character but then it erases the previous character it s erased from your printer s buffer not from the paper Cancel text CHR 24 deletes all the text in the print buffer that is in the line before the delete text command Since your printer prints one line of text at a time only that line will be deleted p 90 The following program shows how these codes works 10 LPRINT BACKSPACE DOES NOT 20 LPRINT CHR 8 CHRS 8 CHRS 8 30 LPRINT WORK 40 LPRINT DELETE DOES NOT 50 LPRINT CHR 127 CHR 127 CHR 127 60 LPRINT WORK 70
86. lumn 30 LPRINT CHRS 27 f 1 CHRS 3 40 LPRINT 5th Line ist Column 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 f 0 CHRS 7 60 LPRINT 6th Line 7th Column 70 LPRINT CHRS 27 f1 CHRS 2 80 LPRINT CHRS 27 f0 CHRS 5 90 LPRINT 9th Line 5th Column 100 END In this program line 30 sends a one time vertical tab with ESC f 1 command Line 50 sends a one time horizontal tab with ESC f 0 command Finally line 70 and line 80 send one time vertical tab and one time horizontal tab so the line 90 prints text at the specified position x 1st Line ist Column 5th Line 1st Column 6th Line 7th Column x Oth Line 5th Column Table 5 10 Vertical tab commands CHR 11 ESC B CHR n1 CHR 12 Set vertical tabs at n1 n2 etc CHR 0 Set vertical tabs every n lines ESC e 1 CHR n One time vertical tab ESC f 1 CHR n 84 E Vertical tab channels Vertical tab channels are especially hefpful in two situations The first occurs when you are writing a program to accompany a preprinted form that can accommodate verious types of responses The second occurs when you create a multipage form or report with different vertical tabs on each page Table 5 11 Vertical tab channel commands Set vertical tabs at n1 n2 etc as ESC b CHR n0 CHR n1 channel n0 CHR n2 CHR 0 elect vertical channel no ESC 7 CHR n0 You can store up to eight chan
87. ly Sean spacing to 1 6 inch CF Se ten lt ESC gt A CHR n Standard mode only lt FS gt A CHR n IBM modes only lt ESC gt 3 CHR n Standard modes only lt ESC gt 3 CHR n IBM modes only lt ESC gt A CHR n IBM modes only D IBM modes only J CHR m Standard mode only lt ESC gt J CHR IBM modes only j CHR n Standard mode only lt ESC gt j CHR n IBM modes only Set line spacing to n 60 inch Set line spacing to n 72 inch Set line spacing to n 180 inch Set line spacing to n 216 inch _ line spacing to n 72 inch Use ESC A definition One time line feed of 7 180 inch One time line feed of 2 216 inch One time reverse line feed of n 180 inch One time reverse line feed of n 216 inch E Moving down the page without a carriage return So far all the commands that move the paper also move the print head back to the left margin Normally this is what you want Sometimes though you may wish to move down the page without moving the printhead back to the left margin The following commands do just that The ESC J CHR m command causes the printer to make one line feed of 7 180 inch 7 216 inch with the IBM modes but does not change the setting of the line spacing Try this program to see how it works 70 NEW 10 Demo of one time line feeds
88. mode ESC CHR 0 n1 n2 m0 m1 m2 d1 d2 d3 dx only for the IBM P mode Like the other printer s commands it starts with an ESC CHR 27 The next character is an ampersand amp CHR 38 or an equal CHR 61 followed by a CHR 0 nl and n2 are used to specify the ASCII values of the characters you are defining The reason that there are two bytes reserved for this is that your printer allows you to define many characters with just a single command n1 is used to specify the beginning of a range of characters to be defined n2 specifies the end of the range For instance if you wanted to change the ap pearance of the numerals from 0 to 9 which have ASCII codes 48 through 57 the command would begin with ESC amp CHR 0 CHR 48 CHR 57 or ESC CHR 0 CHR 48 CHR 57 Of course you can also define in dividual characters by making n1 and n2 equal The three bytes following the specification of the range of 114 characters m0 m1 and m2 are used to specify the width of the character and the space to be allowed on either side of it The left space in dot column is specified by m0 and the right space is specified by m2 The second byte m1 specifies the number of columns of dots that will be printed by the character By vary ing the width of the character itself and the spaces around it you can actually create proportional width characters You ll probably recognize
89. n programs that printout sample lines of letters numbers and other characters to show you that everything s in good working order Self test 1 is the long version and self test 2 is the short one You can use either one to show the characters available in the printer to check the in stallation of the ribbon and paper and to check the adjustment of the head to platen gap You can print the self test without hooking up the printer to your computer Simply 1 Plug in the printer don t turn it on yet 2 Insert a sheet of paper or sprocket paper either one 3 While holding down one of the following keys turn on the power switch Paper Feed key Self test 1 long On Line key Self test 2 short When you want to terminate the long self test function turn off the power switch CONNECTING THE PRINTER Now that you ve assembled and tested your printer all that re mains is to connect it to your computer as follows 1 Make sure that both your computer and printer are turned off 2 Connect the printer end of the interface cable to the con nector socket at the right rear of the printer as shown in Figure 2 14 3 Connect the other end of the cable to your computer as described in the computer manual 22 oe et Sn esse eres ee eae oe Self test 1 L RSS 0 0123456789 lt gt ABCDEFGHIIKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ _ abed ewe BV ada ty Ste ritt ee rrtt dal Pek recur eonsan We
90. nels of tab stops They are numbered from 0 to 7 If you have already stored a set using ESC B command your printer has labelled it as channel 0 Try this program how to see the vertical tab channels work D 7 Q a i 10 Demo of vertical tab channels 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 b CHRS 1 CHRS 10 CHRS 20 CHR 0 30 LPRINT CHR 27 b CHR 2 CHR 15 CHR 25 CHR 0 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 b CHR 3 CHRS 17 CHR 28 CHRS 0 50 Use vertical tab channels 60 FOR I 1 TO 3 70 LPRINT TOP OF FORM 80 LPRINT CHRS 27 CHRS I 90 LPRINT CHRS 11 100 LPRINT 1ST TAB OF CHANNEL I 110 LPRINT CHRS 11 120 LPRINT 2ND TAB OF CHANNEL 1 130 LPRINT CHRS 12 140 NEXT I 150 LPRINT CHRS 27 160 END When you run this program the printout should look like this TOP OF FORM TOP OF FORM TOP OF FORM 1ST TAB OF CHANNEL 1 1ST TAB OF CHANNEL 2 1ST TAB OF CHANNEL 3 2ND TAB OF CHANNEL 1 2ND TAB OF CHANNEL 2 2ND TAB OF CHANNEL 3 In this program we set tabs at 10 and 20 in channel 1 in line 20 In line 30 we set tabs 15 and 25 in channel 2 and in line 40 we set tabs 17 and 28 in channel 3 Because the channels are stored you must make the printer to S recall one before you use it so we used ESC CHR n0 in line 80 CENTERING AND ALIGNING TEXT fe f Text can be arranged in any of four formats left aligned or t left justif
91. nter isn t just a regular printer This printer has many capabilities that your commercial software isn t aware of We will see what it takes to use some of the printer s advanced features with commercial software in the next section WORD PROCESSING WITH THE PRINTER Not many word processing programs directly support all of the advanced features of printers They usually provide a method for using a few of the more common print features such as boldface and underlining But as you are probably beginning to see from this manual this printer can do much more than that As a result most word processing programs provide a way of sending special codes to a printer The actual codes used as well as the method of entering them will vary different soft ware The theory behind these methods however is basically the same This section discusses two word processing programs and one spreadsheet program most used by printer owners The pro grams also provide a variety of ways to enter the codes necessary to use the advanced features of this printer These concepts can be applied to many other programs besides those detailed here The programs are EasyWriter II WordStar Lotus 1 2 3 If your software program is not included in this Chapter you should still study the different techniques used Then with the 27 help of your program manual and the supporting chapters in this manual you should be able to figure out how yours works
92. o of big characters 20 LPRINT THIS IS 30 LPRINT CHR 27 h CHRS 1 40 LPRINT DOUBLE 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 h CHRS O 60 LPRINT SIZED PRINTING 70 LPRINT 80 LPRINT THIS IS 90 LPRINT CHRS 27 h CHRS 2 100 LPRINT QUAD 110 LPRINT CHRS 27 h CHRS 0 120 LPRINT SIZED PRINTING 130 END When you run this program you will get like this 102 THIS IS DOUBLE SIZED PRINTING THIS IS QU N D SIZED PRINTING As you can see when the big character command is used the baseline for the baseline 10 Demo 20 LPRINT 30 LPRINT 40 LPRINT 50 LPRINT 60 LPRINT 70 LPRINT 80 LPRINT 90 LPRINT 100 LPRINT 110 LPRINT 120 LPRINT 130 LPRINT 140 LPRINT 150 LPRINT 160 LPRINT 170 END When you each character does not align If you want to align try this program of aligning big characters THIS IS CHR 27 j CHRS 18 CHR 27 h CHRS 1 DOUBLE CHRS 27 h CHRS 0 CHR 27 J CHRS 18 SIZED PRINTING LPRINT LPRINT THIS IS CHR 27 j CHR 54 CHR 27 h CHRS 2 QUAD CHR 27 h CHR 0 CHR 27 J CHRS 54 SIZED PRINTING run this program you will get this THIS IS DOUBLE SIZED PRINTING THIS IS QUAD SIZED PRINTING The optional sheet feeder The automatic sheet feeder is a handy option that feeds single 103 cut sheets automatically Work done on cut sheets looks better that done on
93. oad character design grids 119 E Draft download characters As you ve seen draft characters are designed on a grid which is 9 dots wide by 24 dots high plus up to three columns of dots for space between characters Draft download characters print at the same high speed as normal draft characters even though they may print with more dots and may even be designed for pro portional spacing Letter quality download characters If you select letter quality printing with the ESC x 1 com mand or by the control panel you can design your own characters on a grid which is 29 23 or 37 dots wide by 24 dots high depending on the print pitch Each character can be as wide as 36 30 or 42 dots including space on either side of the character The dot columns are spaced closer together horizon tally than draft style dot columns Unlike draft characters there are no restrictions on which dots can print This coupled with the closer dot spacing allows you to design characters with higher resolution The drawback is speed Normal letter quality characters print more slowly than draft characters the same is true of LQ download characters STORING THE DOWNLOAD CHARACTERS You can define up to 35 characters with this printer But once the printer is turned off you must redefine those characters again By using the optional RAM cartridge you can extend the download characters up to 192 and the download characters are
94. ode Using Letter Quality LQ Getting the most from your print choices Using the printer with EasyWriter I oe Redefining pitch settings and print control codes pts A sample printout with EasyWriter II Redefining your own print pitches eh Redefining your own print control keys l Using the printer with WordStar User defind print commands l Using the printer with Lotus 1 2 3 ae Using the panel modes Advanced panel functions as Setting print start position Setting the top of form Setting the left and right margins Clearing the print buffer CS ee ee eS 4 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Printing with BASIC 43 Some basics of BASIC First steps ASCII codes and the CHR function Control codes The escape codes A note on command syntax Selecting the right software mode Some special kinds of text Draft and Letter Quality characters Italic printing N Characters in the Font Cartridge Underlining and overlining Superscripts and subscripts Changing the print pitch Expanded print Condensed print Proportional printing Making words stand out Mixing print modes Formatting Text 63 Lines and line spacing Starting a new line Reverse line feeds Changing the line spacing Moving down the page without a carriage re turn Page control Form feed Reverse form feed z Setting the top of form Changing the page length Top and bottom margins Setting left and right margins Horizontal and vertical tabs Horizontal tabs One time horizontal
95. odes n0 Mode Print densit 0 8 dot normal density 60 dots inch 1 8 dot double density 120 dots inch 2 6 8 dot CRT graphics 4 dot normal density 33 To figure the value of n1 and n2 you need to work out how wide your image will be Because you are limited to the largest number that can be sent in one byte 255 the formula to work out n1 and n2 is if the number of columns is X then n1 X MOD 256 and n2 INT X 256 Table 7 3 may make the calculation easier 8 8 2 121 Table 7 3 Calculating ni and n2 If the number of col adia umos x ranges from 256 to _511 768 to 1023 1024 to 1279 x 1024 1280 to 1535 x 1280 1536 to 1791 x 1536 1792 to 2047 x 1792 T 10 11 12 When you are using the 24 dot graphics modes you must send three bytes of data for each dot column as you ve done with the download characters Therefore you refer to dot columns in stead of bytes of graphics data when calculating n1 and n2 Specifying the graphics data Now that we ve told the printer how much data to expect we better figure out how to send that information Just as you do with download characters with dot graphics you have control over firing of every single pin of the print head When this printer produces 8 dot graphics modes it prints with every third pin with the Standard mode It acts like a printer with nine wires that can only produce 8 dot graphics except the vertical length
96. one of the 8 dot graphics mode to a 24 dot graphics mode without changing the program that supplies the graphics data you will print garbage if the program prints at all Remember the 24 dot graphics modes require three times as much graphics data as the 8 dot graphics modes and also the data is arranged differently 124 MEMO
97. ould like to place an order for stationery supplies from your mail order catalog Enclosed is my order form and a check for 247 67 Please process this order as soon as possible Thank you With the cursor under the S in SUBJECT set the print pitch in the ruler line to condensed width pitch Name the ruler line condensd without the quotes and change the character pitch to 17 and the line spacing to 6 To make the subject title ex panded use the ALT and keys in the line mode to highlight the line 34 Now change the pitch setting in the next line to pica by set ting a new ruler line Ruler Name pica Character Pitch 10 Use the print control key S for italic to highlight the second sentence in the paragraph Move the cursor to the E in Enclosed and in the sentence mode use the ALT and S keys to highlight the sentence You ll have to press S twice to get the 67 At the end of the document reinitialize the printer to its default settings with a new ruler line using the Master Reset code Ruler Name reset Character Pitch 3 Print the document Your printout should look like this SUBJECT ORDERING STATIONERY SUPPLIES I would like to place an order for stationery supplies from your mail order catalog Enclosed is my order form and a check for 247 67 Please process this order as soon as possible Thank you The subject title will print in expanded condensed charact
98. ppens to fall right on the perforation The printer has a solution to this predicament This printer can keep track of the position on the page and advance the paper so that you won t print too near the perforation There are two commands to do this One controls the space at the top of the page top margin and the other controls the space at the bot tom of the page bottom margin The control codes are given in the following table 74 Table 5 5 Top and bottom margin commands ESC r CHR m et bottom margin to n lines ESC N CHR x In both cases the value of n tells your printer how many lines to skip although there is a slight difference in the usage When you set the top margin with ESC r CHR x the value of n tells the printer what line to start printing on When you set the bottom margin with ESC N CHR n the value of n tells the printer how many blank lines should be left at the bottom of the page Let s try a simple application to see how these margins work Enter this program which will print 150 lines without top and bottom margins N Cancel top and bottom margins 10 Demo of top and bottom margins 60 LPRINT CHRS 12 form feed 70 FOR I 1 TO 150 80 LPRINT THIS IS LINE I 90 NEXT I 110 LPRINT CHRS 12 form feed 120 END When you run this program it will print 150 lines right down the page and across the perforations When it s done line
99. printer functions They are PQ PW PE and PR The process of defining P commands is called patching and is a fairly complicated process Once you have successfully defined these codes they are inserted in your text exactly like other P commands If you wish to use them refer to the WordStar User s Manual for instructions or contact your dealer for assistance Perhaps the most useful user defined P command is PE If you define this as an escape ASCII code 27 you can then ac cess nearly all of the advanced features of this printer Without this patch you cannot place an escape in the WordStar docu ment and subsequently you are limited to using WordStar s repertoire of print functions A shame when you have a power ful printer USING THE PRINTER WITH LOTUS 1 2 3 Lotus is one of the integrated software packages that include a spreadsheet a database manager and graphics We will look at how to print Lotus 1 2 3 spreadsheet Lotus 1 2 3 uses the Print command to print spreadsheets When you enter P a menu appears that presents you with a number of choices Lotus 1 2 3 gives you a lot of flexibility in printing spreadsheets through this menu but you have to define the range to print All the other items have default values that make getting started easy If you do change several of the things listed in the Print menu Lotus 1 2 3 will remember the selections that you have made and use them each time you print the spread
100. r chooses Elite Summary notes 1 Pica is the default pitch and is active when Elite is turned off 2 When two modes conflict the one of lesser priority bit wise is cancelled For example Condensed and Em phasized can not be printed at the same time printing is Emphasized 3 Elite cancels Emphasized 4 Underline Expanded and Italics modes combine with any print modes 5 Emphasized will not mix with Elite or Condensed CHAPTER 5 FORMATTING TEXT Subjects covered in Chapter 5 include e The carriage return and line feed The amount of space between lines e Moving to the next page e The number of lines on a printed page Horizontal and vertical tabs e Setting margins left right top and bottom e Centering and aligning Chapter 4 showed us the basic techniques for using the printer Now we re ready for the more advanced ones We ll con centrate on changing the appearance of the page to suit our needs LINES AND LINE SPACING E Starting a new line Up until now the only time we have thought about printing on a new line is when we didn t want it to happen We learned that putting a semicolon at the end of a BASIC line will not end the line of printing So somehow the computer tells the printer when to end one line and start another There are two codes that are used to end one line and start another They are carriage return CHR 13 and line feed CHR 10 Like the escape codes
101. r looked closely at the printing in books and magazines Doesn t it look nice The main reason is that each character is given an amount of space proportional to its actual width A typewriter and most printers on the other hand give every character the same amount of space no matter how wide it is Pica pitch for example gives a w and an i 1 10 of an inch each Looking at these letters you see that a w is two or three times as wide as an i Well you too can enjoy professional looking proportional printing You can turn proportional printing on and off with the following commands Table 4 9 Proportional commands Proportional ON ESC p ESC yn 0 Proportional OFF 59 Try this program to see how the proportional spacing works 10 Demo of proportional printing 20 LPRINT CHR 27 M 30 LPRINT This line is NORMAL ELITE printing 40 LPRINT CHR 27 p1 50 LPRINT This line is PROPORTIONAL ELITE 60 LPRINT CHRS 27 P 70 LPRINT This line is PROPORTIONAL PICA 80 LPRINT CHR 27 p0 90 LPRINT This line is NORMAL PICA printing 100 END When you run this program you should get this This line is NORMAL ELITE printing This line is PROPORTIONAL ELITE This line is PROPORTIONAL PICA This line is NORMAL PICA printing Line 20 selects the elite pitch and line 40 turns on the propor tional printing with ESC p 1 Line 50 prints a line wi
102. ram We will load a program into memory ready to program printer operation just as soon as we learn a little bit about the ASCII codes 45 ASCII codes and the CHR function You can talk to your computer in BASIC but your computer and your printer talk to each other in what are known as ASCII codes In the ASCII code each number from 0 to 255 has a par ticular meaning 36 for example makes the printer print a dollar sign Some numbers cause the printer to do other things too For instance sending a 7 sounds the printer s bell Taken together these numbers and their meanings make up the ASCII code pronounced ask key which stands for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange There are ASCII codes for all the letters of the alphabet upper case and lower case 0 to 9 most punctuation marks and some but not all of the functions of the printer There are a number of different ways to represent an ASCII code depending on how you are using it For example the ASCII codes for the upper case letter A are 65 decimal or amp H41 hexadecimal Or you can just call it A Appendix C shows all of the ASCII codes BASIC uses the CHR function to represent ASCII characters and many functions To print the letter A we would enter LPRINT CHR 65 To make the printer s bell sound we would enter LPRINT CHR 7 In general we print a character by entering LPRINT CHR ASCII code to the p
103. rd connector is seated snugly in its socket Put the cover back on and connect the cable from your computer you re ready to go me co nee aed eo E Installing the font cartridge This printer is mounted the Prestige characters as standard You can add one or two different character styles by installing the optional font cartridges to the printer To install or change a font cartridge start by turing off the power switch Fit the font cartridge into the slot and slide it all the way es _ Figure 1 9 Slide the font cartridge into front slot while the power switch off CHAPTER 2 GETTING TO KNOW YOUR PRINTER Subjects covered in Chapter 2 include Parts of the printer what they re for and how to use them e Paper selection and loading e Adjustment e Testing printer operation CONTROLS AND PARTS OF THE PRINTER Parts of the printer PRINTER COVER This protects the ribbon and the print head from dust and dirt and cuts down the sound of the printer MUTE COVER This further reduces the sound of the printer PAPER GUIDE This flat plastic molding guide has two functions depending on what kind of paper you are using If you are using single sheets the guide is propped up on top of the printer and serves as a guide If you are using sprocket feed paper the guide is reversed and laid flat on top of the printer and serves as a paper separator POW
104. rinter We can also use hex ASCII codes Although we use only decimal ASCII codes in this manual in some applications it will help if you understand what a hex code is Hex is short for hex adecimal and refers to a base 16 number the numbers we use in everyday life are base 10 Since the hex system needs 16 digits it uses the numerals 0 through 9 and also the letters A through F In BASIC programs you can always tell that a number is in hexadecimal by the amp H immediately preceding it The ASCII code for the letter A 65 in decimal is amp H41 in hex Control codes ASCII codes with values of 32 or less do not correspond to keys on the keyboard These codes control many of the printer s functions so we call them control codes To enter a control code from the keyboard we have to press two keys at the same time 46 the control key and one other The other key determines what code is sent pressing the control CTRL key and A sends ASCII code 1 CTRL B sends ASCII code 2 and so on Your printer has a lot of control codes to let you do some useful things Let s try one that we ve mentioned several times already 10 Demo of ASCII code 20 LPRINT CHRS 7 30 END RUN That s the printer s bell we call it that even though it sounds like a buzzer We ll learn more about it in later we just wanted to show you a control code that would get your attention right away There
105. rogram you should get this This line is SEMI CONDENSED pitch This line is ELITE pitch This line is PICA pitch normal Line 20 turns on semi condensed pitch with ESC g Line 30 prints the line at 15 characters per inch Line 40 turns on elite pitch with ESC M and line 50 prints the line at 12 characters per inch The ESC P in line 60 resets the printer to pica pitch and line 70 prints the line in pica pitch E Expanded print Each of the print pitches can be enlarged to twice its normal width This is called expanded print Try this program to see how it works 10 Demo of expanded print 20 LPRINT Demonstration of 30 LPRINT CHRS 14 40 LPRINT EXPANDED 50 LPRINT CHRS 20 60 LPRINT printing 70 LPRINT Notice that 80 LPRINT CHRS 14 90 LPRINT EXPANDED mode 100 LPRINT automatically turns off at the end of a line Demonstration of EXPANDED printing Notice that EXPANDED mode automatically turns off at the end of a line Expanded print set with CHR 14 is automatically cancelled at the end of the line This is convenient in many applications such as for one line titles Note that you didn t need to put an ESC in front of the CHR 14 although ESC CHR 14 works just the same You can also cancel one line expanded print before a carriage 56 return with CHR 20 as done in line 50 Sometimes you may wish to stay in expanded print for more than one line
106. s both the PRINT PITCH and QUALITY keys when turning on the power and after the ON LINE indicator glows make further selections as necessary If you wish to set all three panel modes you can use the TOP OF FORM key instead of using the three keys ADVANCED PANEL FUNCTIONS The printer has the capability to do some basic formatting from the control panel as well as move the platen by precise amounts The following formatting and platen movements may be performed from the control panel Key Functions On Line amp Paper Feed Forward micro feed On Line amp Top Of Form Reverse micro feed Print Pitch amp Top Of Form Top of form setting Quality amp Top Of Form Setting of left margin Quality amp Paper Feed Setting of right margin On Line amp Type Style Clear the print buffer Setting print start position When you want to align the print start position you can set it by the micro feed operation with the control panel instead of turning the platen knob manually 1 Set the Off Line mode by pressing the On Line key 2 While holding down the On Line key press one of the following keys Paper Feed key Forward micro feed Top Of Form key Reverse micro feed 41 x Hold down Forward micro feed Press Reverse micro feed Top of form set Fo san DRAFT TYPE PICA PRINT TOP OF PER STYLE QUALITY B r PITCH Ken en ON LINE a LETTER TO cono Left margin set Clear the print buffer Right mar
107. s to print a small graph This program will do just that 10 LPRINT CHR 27 x0 20 LPRINT CHR 27 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 30 LPRINT CHR 27 amp CHRS 0 CHRS 60 CHR 61 40 FOR N 60 TO 61 50 FOR M 1 TO 30 60 READ MM 70 LPRINT CHR MM 80 NEXT M 90 NEXT N 100 LPRINT 110 DATA 1 9 2 1 240 O 6 8 O 8 100 O 120 DATA 0 O O 24 99 128 O O 0 31 255 192 130 DATA 0 O O 6 3 O 140 DATA 1 9 2 14 O O O 31 192 18 96 0 150 DATA 4 132 64 16 10 0 4 132 64 18 96 0 160 DATA 0 31 192 14 O O 170 LPRINT CHR 27 D CHR 11 CHRS 0 180 LPRINT CHRS 27 h CHRS 1 190 LPRINT DIFFUSION RANGES OF 200 LPRINT CARS amp TELEPHONES 210 LPRINT CHR 27 h CHRS 0 220 LPRINT CHRS 27 1 230 LPRINT USA CHRS 9 240 FOR I 0 TO 681 STEP 50 250 LPRINT CHR 60 260 NEXT I 270 LPRINT 280 LPRINT CHRS 9 290 FOR I 0 TO 781 STEP 50 300 LPRINT CHR 61 117 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 NEXT I LPRINT LPRINT GERMANY CHRS 9 FOR I 0 TO 412 STEP 50 LPRINT CHR 60 NEXT I LPRINT LPRINT CHR 9 FOR I 0 TO 488 STEP 50 LPRINT CHR 61 NEXT I LPRINT LPRINT JAPAN CHR 9 FOR I 0 TO 347 STEP 50 LPRINT CHR 60 NEXT I LPRINT LPRINT CHR 9 FOR I 0 TO 493
108. s to select each of this printer s common graphics densities These commands which are shown in Table 7 4 can be used interchangeably with the corresponding ESC x command Like the commands you are already familiar 123 with these new commands are followed by two bytes to specify the number of graphics data bytes to print and then the data Table 7 4 Alternative graphics commands Single command Individual command ESC CHR 0 ESC K n1 n2 ml nl n2 m1 m2 me ESC CHR 1 ESC L n1 n2 m1 Sot double tami me mae ESC CHR 2 ESC Y n1 n2 m1 nl n2 ml m2 m2 CESC CHRS 3 CESC Z nl n2 m1 nl n2 m1 m2 me REDEFINING ALTERNATE GRAPHICS CODES At the end of this chapter we ll discuss one mode that the printer offers to help you solve potential graphics problems A redefining code allows you to change the density for graphics programs that use one of the four alternate codes The com mand looks like this ESC nO nl Where 0 is one of the four letters K L Y or Z and nl is one of the numbers used with the ESC command 0 to 4 6 32 33 38 39 and 40 This is a quick way to change the aspect ratio of the design that you are printing Changing the graphics mode will change the width without changing the height However you should make this change with caution If you change
109. scribed in 51 Chapter 3 and set the Italic type then run the program again You should get like this This line is in ITALIC characters This line is in ROMAN characters As you can see this time the printer ignored the control codes to set or cancel italic characters E Characters in the Font Cartridge This printer offers you the Prestige LQ characters as stand ard If you want to use other LQ character styles use the op tional font cartridges You can install those font cartridges following the procedures described in Chapter 1 You can control the characters in those font cartridges as shown below 10 Demo of optional characters 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 k CHRS 1 30 LPRINT This line shows Font 1 characters 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 k CHRS 2 50 LPRINT This line shows Font 2 characters 60 LPRINT CHR 27 k CHR 0 70 LPRINT This line shows Internal Characters When you ve installed the Gothic Font Cartridge to the font slot 1 and the Orator Font Cartridge to the font slot 2 with the 15 inch type the results of this program look like this This line shows Font 1 characters THIS LINE SHOWS FONT 2 CHARACTERS This line shows Internal Characters In this program line 30 selects the characters on the font slot 1 with ESC k CHR 1 command Line 40 prints a sample with the LQ characters in the font cartridge installed on the font slot 1 Line 50 selects the font cartridge slot 2 with
110. sheet They are even saved with the spreadsheet so that they will be the same the next time that you use the spreadsheet Pos he rm 37 You can specify the range to print in all the normal ways by pointing by typing the cell addresses of the endpoints by enter ing a range name or by using the F3 key to point to a range name After you have specified a range to print and changing any of the other options that you wish start printing the spreadsheet by selecting the Go option Lotus 1 2 3 will split the spreadsheet into sections to fit onto pages if it won t all fit on one page Let s look at some of the other options on the Print menu and see how they add to the flexibility of printing spreadsheets The Line option advances the paper one line Use this to put space between different sections of your spreadsheets when you print them The Page option advances the paper to the top of a new page Use this option to start on a new page Selecting the Align option tells Lotus 1 2 3 that you have moved the paper to the top of a new page Use this option after using the Paper Feed key to move the paper or after inserting a new single sheet of paper The Clear option allows you to clear any or all of the other op tions that you have selected The Quit option ends the Print command and returns you to Ready Mode Selecting Options from the Print menu presents you with some additional page format selections You can add Head
111. tabs Vertical tabs Vertical tab channels Centering and aligning text Chapter 6 Special Features of the Printer 87 Now hear this Resetting the printer Taking the printer off line Printing the bottom of the sheet Backspace delete and cancel text Printing zeroes Immediate print Adjusting the width of space between characters Printing at half speed Uni directional printing The seven bit dilemma Block graphics characters and special sym bols International character sets Printing characters in the control code area Printing BIG characters The optional sheet feeder Reading a hex dump Chapter 7 Download Characters and Dot 107 Graphics Dot matrix printing Designing your own characters Assigning a value of character space Assigning a value to your character Download character definition command Printing download characters The print mode and the download characters Draft download characters Letter quality download characters Storing the download characters User designed Dot Graphics Specifying the graphics data Compatibility with existing software Redefining alternate graphics codes Chapter 8 Caring for Your Printer 125 Cleaning the printer Replacing the ribbon Replacing the print head Appendix A DIP Switch Settings 131 Switch functions Appendix B ASCII Code Conversion Chart 137 Appendix C Character Code Table 139 Standard mode characters IBM mode characters Character set 1 Character set 2 All Character set Append
112. ter and the space to be allowed on either side of it The left space in dot columns is specified by mO and the right space is specified by m2 The second byte m1 specifies the number of columns of dots that will be printed by the character By varying the width 112 of the character itself and the spaces around it you can actually create proportional width characters that print at draft speed When defining draft characters the number of printed col umns m1 cannot exceed 9 and the sum of mO m1 m2 can not exceed 12 Assigning a value to your character We ve done a pretty through job of designing and describing a user defined character But this printer has room for 35 download characters how does it knows which standard character we want to print every character is assigned a unique number The standard characters are assigned the ASCII code numbers from 0 to 255 For the download character sets you can define any positions between 32 to 127 and between 160 to 255 This means that once a character is defined and assigned a value and the download character set is selected you can use that character on the printer the same way you would any standard 123456789 123466789 fiz LTT TT vwef_ JT TT eo as 32 32 TT tst 16 Ist J 16 jele le byte 8 byte Si l 1 4 el 0 9 0 2 5 ele 09 REN bo ASCII code 60 a SKK Am ASCII code 61 32 32 l ur 1 and J 16 lean
113. th pro portional elite pitch Then line 60 selects the pica pitch so that line 70 prints a line with proportional pica pitch Finally line 80 resets the proportional printing and line 90 prints a line in nor mal pica pitch NOTE 1 You cannot use the proportional spacing with the draft characters 2 When you set the Print Pitch Panel mode by the Print Pitch key on the control panel at power on these control codes related print pitches except expand print mode are ignored MAKING WORDS STAND OUT Your printer has good print density when it s just printing nor mally But sometimes you may want something to stand out from the rest of the page This printer provides two ways to do 60 this boldface and emphasized print Both of these go over the characters twice but they use slightly different methods to darken the characters Let s try them and see what the dif ference is The following table shows the control codes for getting into and out of boldface and emphasized modes Table 4 10 Print emphasis commands Function Boldface ON ESC G Boldface OFF ESC H Emphasized ON ESC E Emphasized OFF ESC F Try them now with this little program 10 Demo of boldface and emphasized 20 LPRINT CHR 27 G 30 LPRINT This line is BOLDFACE printing 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 E 50 LPRINT This line is BOLDFACE and EMPHASIZED 60 LPRINT CHRS 27 H
114. they have been given ab breviations which you ll find many texts including this one CR and LF The codes are simple but their action is a little confusing especially with BASIC Let s begin with the carriage 64 return Each time the printer receives a CHR 13 it returns the print head to the left margin It does not advance the paper if DIP switch 2 6 is on see below Line feed is more complicated Each time the printer receives a CHR 10 it both advances the paper one line and returns the print head to the left margin ready to start a new line Now to add a little confusion most but not all versions of BASIC add a line feed CHR 10 to every carriage return CHR 13 that they send If your version of BASIC doesn t do this then you should turn DIP switch 2 6 off or send lt ESC gt 5 1 command to the printer with the IBM P mode so that your printer will add the line feed for you When you have DIP siwtch 2 6 off or sent lt ESC gt 5 1 command to the printer with the IBM P mode the printer will do the same thing when it receives a carriage return as it does when it receives a line feed If you find that your printer double spaces when it should single space then you probably need to turn DIP switch 2 6 on or send lt ESC gt 5 0 command to the printer with the IBM P mode Reverse line feeds Your printer can move the paper up or down The unique trac tor design allows the p
115. tify and Resolve Radio TV Interference Problems This booklet is available from the U S Government print ing Office Washington D C 20402 Stock No 004 000 00345 4 For compliance with Federal Noise Interference Standard this equipment requires a shielded cable This statement will be applied only for the printers marketed in U S A Self Declaration Radio interferences regarding this equipment has been eliminated according to Vfg 1046 1984 announced by the DBP DBP has been informed about the introduction of this special equipment and has been conceded the right to examine the whole series It is upon the responsibility of the user to assume that his own assembled system is in ac cordance with the technical regulations under Vfg 1046 1984 To observe FTZ regulations it is necessary to establish all connections to the printer with shielded cable The equipment may only be opened by qualified service representatives This statement will be applied only for the printers marketed in West Germany Trademark Acknowledgement NB24 10 NB24 15 Star Micronics Co Ltd Apple II Apple computer Inc Hav elders Information Unlimited Software Inc IBM PC IBM Graphics printer IBM Proprinter International Business Machines Corp Lotus 1 2 3 Lotus Development Corp LQ 1000 Seiko Epson Corp Microsoft BASIC Microsoft Corporation WordStar MicroPro International Corporation NOTICE eAll rights reserved Reproduction of
116. to send eight bits on their parallel interface but can only send seven bits This would make it impossible for these computers to use this printer s block graphics characters and special symbols if our engineers hadn t thought of a solution All of these characters have ASCII codes greater than 127 which means that the eighth bit must be on to use them The solution lies in the three control codes given in the following table 95 Table 6 4 Eighth bit controls Function s s s s Controlcode sd ESC except IBM P mode Turn the eighth bit OFF ESC except IBM P mode Accept the eighth bit as is from ESC except IBM P mode the computer W Block graphics characters and special symbols Besides the upper and lower case letters and symbols that we are by now familiar with your printer has a whole different set of characters that are for special uses These characters include block graphics for drawing forms and graphs and special sym bols for mathematical engineering and professional uses The special characters are included in two character sets The character set you normally use with the IBM modes is called character set 1 The special characters are printed out when you send ASCII codes 160 255 to the printer Your printer also offers character set 2 which is almost the same as character set 1 except for the addition of ASCII codes 3 6 21 and 128 159 Charact
117. typically give you a choice of printers or printer types to pick from Some typical descriptions that you might pick for this printer are TTY type printer with backspace IBM dot matrix printer Centronics type printer Dot matrix ASCII printer or Epson LQ 1000 This printer should work fine with any of these descriptions Some printer lists are not very clear and may not include anything that you think describes this printer If you can t decide which description best fits this printer we recommend that you narrow the list to two or three choices you can quickly eliminate all the daisy wheel printer types and then experi ment You won t hurt anything if you guess wrong it just won t work correctly This should quickly tell you if your guess is right If all else fails though your printer dealer will be happy to give you some advice Some programs don t ask you what kind of printer you have 26 but instead ask some questions about what your printer can do The answers to the most asked questions are Yes this printer can do a backspace and this printer can do a hard ware form feed With these questions answered you are ready to start print ing Read the manual that came with your commercial software and the next Chapter to see how to make it send information for this printer to print This is all you need to know to use this printer as a regular printer But this pri
118. valents MEMO so me CHAPTER 7 DOWNLOAD CHARACTERS AND DOT GRAPHICS Subjects covered in Chapter 7 include e Designing and printing your own characters e User designed graphics Using the procedures outlined so far all of the printer s standard functions can be utilized There are two additional user defined functions available designing and printing your own characters and designing and printing your own dot graphics These two functions can be used to design and print any sym bol or any graphic shape This allows you to make your own special symbols or print a company logo Some understanding of dot matrix technology will be useful DOT MATRIX PRINTING Before you start to learn how to create your own characters you ll need some understanding of how dot matrix printers work The process is called dot matrix printing because each character is composed of small dots arranged on a matrix or grid To see how that character grid gets printed you need to take a look at the print head itself The print head in this printer comprises 24 wires apparently arranged in a vertical column If you were to remove the print head and look at the wires you would see two staggered col umns of twelve wires However the timing is such that they print as one continuous column of 24 wires Figure 7 1 shows an enlarged schematic view of the front of 108 the print head showing the ends of the wires and their re
119. with the function codes The master reset code There is one function code which turns off all the print func tions currently being used by the printer It is called the master 28 reset code and resets the printer to its DIP switch settings These print characteristics are the same as the ones used by the printer when it is first turned on The code sequence for master reset is ESC By check ing the ASCII equivalents in Appendix D you can see that the decimal expression is 27 64 You ll see these numbers several times in this section Technically speaking initializing the printer clears the print buffer and the form length character pitch character set line feed pitch and international character set are all reset to the values defined by their respective DIP switch settings We suggest you get in the habit of using the master reset code in any document where you use function codes If you do not the printer will keep the most recently defined characteristics and print any following documents the same way You could turn your printer off each time which also resets the default settings but that would be hard on the printer cir cuits Also you ll save time and paper by letting the printer automatically reset with this code If you need more informa tion on DIP switch settings for your printer please refer to Ap pendix A E Using Letter Quality LQ With letter quality the printer prints more dots for

Star Micronics NB24-10/15 User's Manual

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