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Psiber Data Systems RF3D User's Manual

1. The most common of these are 802 11a b g and h In general two different radio techniques are used in two different frequency bands The 2 4 GHz ISM band is most often used This band is reserved worldwide for license free industrial scientific and medical applications The frequency band used can vary from one country to an other however For example eleven channels can be used in the 2 4 GHz band in the United states while up to 14 channels are available in other parts of the world The other frequency band used for wireless Ethernet is around 5 GHz In addition to the fre quency bands the IEEE standards also specify transmitter power data rates packet structure management packets and much more 2 1 1 The IEEE 802 11b Specification The wireless Ethernet standard IEEE 802 116 adopted in late 1999 is the first such standard to be widely supported for both industrial and home use Networking com ponents that support this standard communicate in the 2 4 GHz band The specified data transfer rates are 1 2 5 5 and 11 Mbit s RED WifiPlanner manual 2 1 2 The IEEE 802 11g Specification The IEEE 802 11g wireless Ethernet specification is an advanced extension of the wide ly accepted 802 11b standard and was adopted in mid 2003 Like its predecessor 802 119 also uses the 2 4 GHz frequency band The data transfer rates were substan tially increased however so that the 802 11g standard permits throughput of 1 2 6 9 12
2. W isa 4 7 b4UBr RAR Ig B H E00 r sem s 1 OL i ITrPTrEer Dj I oO rE L B 4 DR au A Ar 0O B d ai a 0 i gt Tee r z E we SET st A f San een wu Reape ir Select the desired antenna in the Toolbox list When you begin to position your access points you should make sure that sufficient signal power can be received everywhere in the building Sufficient signal Dower gen erally means a value of 60 dBm or better Another thing to consider in your planning is interference Primarily this means avoiding co channel interference which occurs when adjacent access points use overlapping channel settings RED WifiPlanner manual tt tee lee te Id DOP ums BER F A a e ueste Ar s I inte te TOS me ee m Sufficient signal power 60 dBm or better throughout the building Start your planning with the access points in the lowest level and use a cellular struc ture as described in Section 2 3 Set the communication channels of the access points in conformance with national restrictions When you continue with the access points in the other levels remember that access points transmit through floors and ceilings Your cellular structure should therefore take into account the access points located above and below one another f nnie a oe u h ITS i s w e w aT re nn m n a m l Setting the communication channels for all access points Av
3. s negligence Psiber is acting on behalf of its employees and licensors or affiliates for the purpose of disclaiming excluding and or restricting obligations warranties and liability as provided in this clause 9 but in no other respects and for no other pur pose IF YOU OBTAINED THE SOFTWARE IN GERMANY OR AUSTRIA and you usually reside in such coun try then the paragraphs above under Section 9 do not apply Instead Psiber s statutory liability for damages shall be limited as follows i Psiber shall be liable only up to the amount of dam ages as typically foreseeable at the time of entering into the purchase agreement in respect of damages caused by a slightly negligent breach of a material contractual obligation and ii Psiber shall not be liable for damages caused by a slightly negligent breach of a non material contractual obligation The aforesaid limitation of liability shall not apply to any mandatory statu tory liability in particular to liability under the German Product Liability Act liability for assuming a specific guarantee or liability for culpably caused personal injuries You are required to take all reasonable measures to avoid and reduce damages in particular to make back up copies of the Software and your computer data subject to the provisions of this Agreement 10 TECHNICAL SUPPORT Psiber has no obligation to furnish You with technical support unless separately agreed in writing between You and Psiber 11 EXPORT
4. u N RE3D WitiPlanner RD WifiPlanner 1 Introduction 2 4 Antennas 3 The RF3D User Interface 5 Advanced Settings manual Contents 2 1 1 PC 1 1PC Hardware Requirements 3 1 2 Installation and Activation 3 1 3 Product Updates 5 2 Fundamentals of Wireless Network Planning 5 2 1 Standardization in Wireless Networking 5 2 1 1 The IEEE 802 116 Specification 5 2 1 2 The IEEE 802 11g Specification 6 2 1 3 The IEEE 802 1 1a Specification 6 2 1 4 The IEEE 802 11h Specification 6 2 2 Frequencies and Channels 6 2 3 Cellular Structure of a Wireless Network 8 9 2 4 1 Omnidirectional Antennas 10 2 4 2 Patch Antennas 10 2 4 3 Yagi Antennas 10 2 5 Attenuation 10 2 6 Theoretical Throughput Rates 10 2 7 Redundancy 1 11 3 1 Importing Building Plans 11 3 2 The Toolbox 14 3 3 Drawing and Selecting Elements 15 3 4 The Simulation Tab 15 3 5 The Access Point Tab 17 3 6 Advanced Settings 17 4 Planning Wireless Networks 17 4 1 What Application Is Intended 7 4 2 Entering Environmental Factors 18 4 3 Positioning Access Points 19 4 4 Optimizing Wireless Networks 21 22 5 1 Editing Wall and Floor Libraries 22 5 2 Editing the Access Point Antenna Library 23 5 3 Options and Settings 27 5 4 Floors with Openings 27 5 5 Split Level Buildings 28 Appendix A The Antenna Library 29 Appendix B The Wall and Floor Library 35 Appendix C Tab
5. 18 24 36 and 54 Mbit s Networking components that conform to the g specifica tion are also compatible with the earlier b standard For this reason such components are often designated as 802 11 b g compatible 2 1 3 The IEEE 802 11a Specification The 802 1 1a extension to the IEEE wireless Ethernet standard was adopted in late 1999 Unlike b and g networks 802 11a uses the 5 GHz band The advantage here is that channel overlap is less frequent The drawback however is that the 5 GHz band is subject to various regulations and restrictions in some countries Like the g standard 802 11a specifies throughput rates of 1 2 6 9 12 18 24 36 and 54 Mbit s 2 1 4 The IEEE 802 11h Specification Although IEEE 802 110 equipment became widespread all over the world around the turn of the millennium the market for IEEE 802 11a products developed relatively slowly In some countries the regulatory agencies had not yet approved public use of the frequency band The IEEE 802 11h extension was a substantial prerequisite to the use of products in conformance with the a standard in Europe One major innovation of the h specification is that components monitor the desired channel for other appli cations such as radar which could otherwise be impaired by wireless network opera tion In case of such interference the WLAN equipment either reduces its transmitter power or shuts down The operator can then select a different channel 2 2 Freque
6. 184 135 255 CadetBlue 4 95 158 160 255 Chartreuse 42 127 259 0 259 Chocolate 43 210 105 30 255 Coral 44 255 127 80 255 CornflowerBlue 45 100 149 237 259 Crimson 47 220 20 60 255 Cyan 48 0 255 255 255 DarkBlue 49 0 0 139 255 DarkCyan 50 0 139 139 255 DarkGoldenrod 51 184 134 11 255 DarkGray 52 169 169 169 255 DarkGreen 53 0 0 0 255 DarkKhaki 54 189 183 107 255 DarkMagenta 55 139 0 139 255 DarkOliveGreen 56 85 107 47 259 DarkOrange 57 255 140 0 255 DarkOrchid 58 153 50 204 255 DarkRed 59 139 0 0 255 DarkSalmon 60 233 150 122 250 DarkSeaGreen 6l 143 188 139 255 DarkSlateBlue 62 72 6 139 255 DarkSlateGray 63 4 79 79 255 DarkTurquoise 64 0 206 209 255 DarkViolet 65 148 0 21 255 DeepPink 66 255 20 147 255 DeepSkyBlue 67 0 191 255 255 DimGray 68 105 105 105 255 DodgerBlue 69 30 144 255 255 Firebrick 70 178 34 34 255 ForestGreen 72 34 139 34 255 Fuchsia 73 255 0 255 255 Gold 76 255 215 0 255 Goldenrod 77 28 16 32 255 Gray 78 128 128 128 255 Green 79 0 1 0 255 GreenYellow 80 173 255 47 255 38 manual RED WifiPlanner Color knownColor R G B A HotPink 82 255 105 180 255 ndianRed 83 205 92 92 255 ndigo 84 75 0 130 255 Khaki 86 240 230 140 255 LawnGreen 89 124 252 0 25
7. CONTROL You agree that the Software will not be shipped transferred or exported into any country or used in any manner prohibited by the United States Export Administration Act or any other export laws restrictions or regulations collectively the Export Laws In addition if the Software is identified as export controlled items under the Export Laws you represent and warrant that you are not a citizen or otherwise located within an embargoed nation including without limitation Iran Syria Sudan Libya Cuba and North Korea and that you are not otherwise prohibited under the Export Laws from receiving the Software All rights to Use the Software are granted on condition that such rights are forfeited if you fail to comply with the terms of this Agreement The Software including technical data may be subject to export controls under the U S Export Administration Regulations EAR and to import or export controls in other countries The EAR prohibits the use of the Software and technical data by a Government End User as defined here after without a license from the U S government A Government End User is defined in Part 772 of the EAR as any foreign central regional or local government department agency or other entity performing governmental functions including governmental research institutions governmental Data corporations or their separate business units as defined in part 772 of the EAR which are engaged in the man
8. Point Antenna Use this tool to place an access point with its antenna in the plan To insert an access point without an external antenna use the antenna type Generic Antenna a b g 7 dBi Omni For all other antennas select the desired type from the list To add new antenna types to the library see Chapter 5 You can also download additional antenna libraries from www rf3d com RED WifiPlanner manual 3 3 Drawing and Selecting Elements First select the desired element in the Toolbox then choose the appropriate type of material Draw in plan elements using both the left and right mouse buttons first use the left mouse button to mark corners then the right mouse button to finish the element Walls floors and supporting walls are ordinarily drawn only in horizontal and vertical segments But you can also draw diagonal segments at any angle simply by pressing the Ctrl key as you move the mouse In this way you can draw walls and floors of any shape desired You can also select several walls at once copy them to the Clipboard and duplicate them in a different floor Press and hold the Ctrl key while you select the desired ele ments by clicking on them with the left mouse button Then select the menu com mand Edit Copy or press Ctrl C Choose the desired floor among the thumbnails in the left panel then select the menu command Edit Paste or press Ctrl V If you make a mistake in editing the plan use the menu command Edit Undo C
9. R G 2 A Purple 140 128 0 128 255 Red 141 256 0 0 255 RosyBrown 142 188 143 143 255 RoyalBlue 143 65 105 225 255 SaddleBrown 144 139 69 19 255 Salmon 145 200 128 114 255 SandyBrown 146 244 164 96 255 SeaGreen 147 46 139 87 259 Sienna 149 160 82 45 255 Silver 150 192 192 192 255 SkyBlue 151 135 206 235 255 SlateBlue 152 106 90 205 255 SlateGray 153 112 128 144 255 SpringGreen 155 0 255 127 255 SteelBlue 156 70 130 180 255 Tan 157 210 180 140 255 Teal 158 0 128 128 255 Thistle 159 216 191 216 255 Tomato 160 255 99 7 255 Turquoise 161 64 224 208 255 Violet 162 238 130 238 255 White 164 255 255 255 255 Yellow 166 255 255 0 255 YellowGreen 167 154 205 50 255 Anhang D EULA PSIBER DATA END USER SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT IF YOU DO NOT AGREE DO NOT USE THIS SOFTWARE This Software Agreement Agreement is between You either an individual or an entity the End User and Psiber Data GmbH Psiber The Agreement authorizes you to use the Software specified in Clause 1 below which may be stored on physical media sent to You by electronic mail downloaded from Psiber s Web pages or Servers or from other sources under the terms and conditions set forth below This is an agreement on end user rights and not an agreement for sale or resale Psiber continues to own the copy of the Software and the physical media contained in the sales package and any other copy that
10. Software all back up copies and all related materials provided by Psiber Your end user rights automatically and immediately terminate without notice from Psiber if You fail to comply with any provision of this Agreement In such event You must immediately delete destroy or return at Your own cost the Software all backup copies and all related material to Psiber 7 YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY 42 RED WifiPlanner manual KIND EXPRESS OR IMPLIED AND TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW NEITHER PSIBER ITS LICENSORS OR AFFILIATES NOR THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MER CHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY PATENTS COPYRIGHTS TRADEMARKS OR OTHER RIGHTS THERE IS NO WARRANTY BY PSIBER OR BY ANY OTHER PARTY THAT THE FUNCTIONS CONTAINED IN THE SOFTWARE WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS OR THAT THE OPERATION OF THE SOFTWARE WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ER ROR FREE YOU ASSUME ALL RESPONSIBILITY AND RISK FOR THE SELECTION OF THE SOFTWARE TO ACHIEVE YOUR INTENDED RESULTS AND FOR THE INSTALLATION USE AND RESULTS OBTAINED FROM IT LIMITED WARRANTY FOR USERS RESIDING IN GERMANY OR AUSTRIA If you obtained the Software in Germany or Austria and you usually reside in such country then the paragraph above under Section 7 does not
11. You are authorised to make pursuant to this Agree ment Read this Agreement carefully before installing downloading or using the Software By using cop ying or distributing all or any portion of the Psiber Software You agree to the terms and conditions of this Agreement If You do not agree to all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement then do not use this software cancel the installation or downloading or destroy or return the Software and accompanying documentation to Psiber YOU AGREE THAT YOUR USE OF THE SOFTWARE AC KNOWLEDGES THAT YOU HAVE READ THIS AGREEMENT UNDERSTAND IT AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY ITS TERMS AND CONDITIONS 40 RED WifiPlanner manual 1 DEFINITIONS As used in this Agreement the term Software means collectively i all of the contents of the files provided either by electronic download on physical media or any other method of distribu tion disk s CD DVD ROM s or other media with which this Agreement is provided ii all the contents of the disk s CD ROM s electronic mail and its file attachments including the object code form of the software delivered on physical media electronic mail or Web page iii digital images stock photographs clip art or other artistic work Stock Files iv related explanatory written materials and any other possible documentation related thereto Documentation vV fonts vi upgrades modified versions updates additions collectively Upd
12. antenna is approximately omnidirec tional in the horizontal plane in the 2 4 GHz band The value true indicates that its radia tion pattern is roughly rotationally symmetric with respect to the vertical axis lt IsZIsotropic 2 4GHz gt true lt IsZIsotropic 2 4GHz gt The Gain_dB_5GHz line defines the antenna gain in the 5 GHz band lt Gain dB 5GHz gt 0 lt Gain dB 5GHz gt The IsZlsotropic_5GHz line indicates whether the antenna is approximately omnidirec tional in the horizontal plane in the 5 GHz band The value true indicates that its radia tion pattern is roughly rotationally symmetric with respect to the vertical axis lt IsZIsotropic 5GHz gt false lt IsZIsotropic 5GHz gt The Is2_4GHz line specifies whether the antenna can be used in the 2 4 GHz band lt Is2_4GHz gt true lt Is2_4GHz gt The Is5GHz line specifies whether the antenna can be used in the 5 GHz band lt Is5GHz gt false lt Is5GHz gt The next few lines are references to data defined later in the file Do not change these lines lt Phi Deg 2 4GHz href ref 6 gt lt Theta Deg 2 4GHz href ref 7 gt lt Phi dBi 2 4GHz href ref 8 gt lt Theta dBi 2 4GHz href ref 9 gt lt Phi Deg 5GHz href ref 10 gt lt Theta Deg 5GHz href ref 11 gt lt Phi dBi 5GHz href ref 12 gt lt Theta dBi 5GHz href ref 13 gt lt Col gt lt name xsi null 1 gt lt value gt 0 lt value gt The knownColor line
13. circumstances in which the Stock Files constitute the primary value of the product being distributed You should review the Read Me files associated with the Stock Files that You use to ascertain what rights You have with respect to such materials Stock Files may not be used in the production of libelous defamatory fraudulent infringing lewd obscene or pornographic mate rial or in any otherwise illegal manner You may not register or claim any rights in the Stock Files or derivative works thereof f You agree that You shall only use the Software in a manner that complies with all applicable laws in the jurisdiction in which You use the Software including but not limited to applicable re strictions concerning Copyright and other intellectual property rights 4 COPYRIGHT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OWNERSHIP The Software and all rights without limitation including proprietary rights therein are owned by Psiber and or its licensors and affiliates and are protected by international treaty provisions and all other applicable national laws of the country in which it is being used The structure organi zation and code of the Software are the intellectual property valuable trade secrets and con fidential information of Psiber and or its licensors and affiliates You must not copy the Software except as set forth in clause 3 Limitations On End User Rights Any copies which You are permit ted to make pursuant to this Agreement must contain t
14. point at 5 GHz lt SOAP ENC Array id ref 12 SOAP ENC arrayType xsd float 1 gt lt item gt 0 lt item gt lt SOAP ENC Array gt The next array with the attribute id ref 13 contains a gain value in dBi for the value of theta listed above representing one data point at 5 GHz lt SOAP ENC Array id ref 13 SOAP ENC arrayType xsd float 1 gt lt item gt 0 lt item gt lt SOAP ENC Array gt All other lines in the file must remain unchanged 26 RED WifiPlanner manual 5 3 Options and Settings To adjust other program settings select the the menu command Tools Options The Country option group allows you to set appropriate parameters for the country where you are located The Geometry option group lets you specify default values for the height of new access points above the floor the vertical distance between floors etc The options in the Graphics group allow you to set display properties and the Physics option group allows you to set basic physical parameters for radio signal calcula tions Finally the options in the Printer group allow you to control how your planning diagrams are printed Change opion marg hes Some mutige go mat come rts dea deters mest of he appacator Ont mee To change any setting click on the existing value A description of the parameter ap pears in the box below the options list After you have changed one or more of these settings you must exit the prog
15. this planning software pays for itself with the first unnecessary access point you save Wireless network planners usually provide for t00 many access points and more ac cess points do not generally improve the network quality Instead they cause channel overlap which is often unavoidable especially in 2 4 GHz networks As a result com plex wireless networks are usually relatively error free at low data rates but as data rates increase errors become more frequent But RF3D WifiPlanner lets you optimize your network specifically for the use you anticipate RF3D WifiPlanner uses theoretical principles to calculate signal distribution The net work as installed and its actual coverage may deviate from the results of such cal culations Because the calculations are based on theoretical values Psiber Data as sumes no liability for the accuracy of the results RED WifiPlanner manual 1 1 PC 1 1PC Hardware Requirements e Processor Intel Pentium 1 5 GHz or faster e Display 1024x768 or greater e RAM 750 MB for networks with less than 30 access points For larger network plans 1 GB or more 1 2 Installation and Activation Before installing the software please open Add or Remove Programs under Start Con trol Panel and verify that the Microsoft NET Framework 2 0 or higher has been in stalled on your computer If it is not already installed please download the Microsoft NET Framework from www microsoft com and in
16. 5 LightBlue 9 173 216 230 255 LightCoral 92 240 128 128 255 LightGray 95 211 211 211 255 LightGreen 96 144 238 144 255 LightPink 97 255 182 193 255 LightSalmon 98 255 160 122 255 LightSeaGreen 99 32 178 170 255 LightSkyBlue 100 135 206 250 255 LightSlateGray 101 119 136 153 255 LightSteelBlue 102 176 196 222 255 Lime 104 0 255 0 255 LimeGreen 105 50 205 50 255 Magenta 107 259 0 259 255 Maroon 108 128 0 0 255 MediumAquamarine 109 102 205 170 200 MediumBlue 110 0 0 205 255 MediumOrchid 111 186 85 211 255 MediumPurple 112 147 112 219 255 MediumSeaGreen 113 60 179 113 255 ediumSlateBlue 114 123 104 238 255 ediumSpringGreen 115 0 250 154 255 ediumTurquoise 116 72 209 204 255 ediumVioletRed 117 199 2 133 255 idnightBlue 118 25 25 112 255 occasin 121 255 228 181 255 avajoWhite 122 255 222 173 255 avy 123 0 0 128 255 Olive 125 128 128 0 255 OliveDrab 126 107 142 35 255 Orange 127 255 165 0 255 OrangeRed 128 255 69 0 255 Orchid 129 218 112 214 255 PaleGoldenrod 130 238 232 170 255 PaleGreen 131 152 251 152 255 PaleTurquoise 132 178 238 238 259 PaleVioletRed 133 219 112 147 255 PeachPuff 135 255 218 185 255 Peru 136 205 133 63 255 Pink 137 255 192 203 255 Plum 138 22 160 22 255 PowderBlue 139 176 224 230 255 39 RED WifiPlanner manual Xo 0 knownColor
17. 9 56 Shelf rack 1 5 2 25cB Wall 3 0 45 72 Shelf Rack 6 3 4 5dB 20 125 Shelf rack Wall 4 0 6 0 96 Shelf Rack 8 4 6dB 21 126 Shelf rack Wa 30 0 45 0 Wall or Ceiling Corru 22 62 Metal wall sheeting in the form of Corrugated galvanized gated Steel 30 45dB iron Wa 80 0 45 0 Elevator shaft 30 45dB 23 23 35 Elevator shaft Floor 117 0 255 18 8 Concrete w Steel 00 100 102 Steel reinforced concrete floors 17 25 5cB Floor 1180 27 0 8 8 Concrete Steel w 101 101 152 Steel reinforced concrete floors with nonmetallic dropped Nonmetallic Drop Ceil celling ing 18 27dB Floor 27 0 40 0 8 8 Concrete Steel w 102 82 Steel reinforced concrete floors with metallic dropped Metallic Drop Ceiling ceiling 27 400B Floor 20 0 30 0 10 10 Concrete w Steel 103 103 101 Steel reinforced concrete floors 20 300B Floor 21 0 31 5 10 10 Concrete Steel w 104 104 156 Steel reinforced concrete floors with nonmetallic dropped Nonmetallic Drop Ceil ceiling ing 21 31dB 35 RED WifiPlanner manual Floor 30 0 45 0 0 10 Concrete Steel w 105 55 Steel reinforced concrete floors with metallic dropped Metallic Drop Ceiling ceiling 30 45dB Floor 124 0 36 0 2 12 Concrete w Steel 106 106 68 Steel reinforced concrete floors 24 360B Floor 25 0 37 5 2 12 Concrete Steel w 107 107 162 Steel reinf
18. Bi Directional 30 40 310 50 30 o 290 70 280 270 260 100 250 110 240 120 230 130 220 140 210 150 200 190 im 180 Horizontal section of a b g Net 90 110 9 000 2 120 5 000 60 130 10 000 50 140 13 00 40 20 000 150 25 000 30 160 0 0 20 35 000 170 40 10 4 180 0 190 350 200 340 210 330 220 320 230 310 240 300 250 260 280 290 270 Vertical section of a b g Net 34 manual RED WifiPlanner Appendix B The Wall and Floor Library List of wall amp floor materials measurement unit feet At 2 4 Att 5 Thick Floor RF3D Nr RF3D Er Wall GHz in Toolbox Text Nr RF3D Lite Discribtion Wa 16 0 240 1 8 8 Concrete Block w 1 144 Concrete block when reinforced with concrete columns Steel 16 24dB and tie beams is a very common building material for the load bearing walls of buildings in what is termed CBS construction for Concrete Block Structure Wa 220 330 12 12 Concrete Block w 2 2 146 Concrete block when reinforced with concrete columns Steel 22 33dB and tie beams is a very common building material for the load bearing walls of buildings in what is termed CBS construction for Concrete Block Structure Wall 7 0 180 6 6 Brick 7 18dB 3 3 142 Brick wal Wa 100 1250 10 10 Brick 10 25dB 4 83 Brick wal Wa BORES 20 Brick 13 32 50B 5 39 Brick wal
19. LEASE SUBMIT ANY ACCOMPANYING REGISTRATION FORMS TO RECEIVE REGISTRATION BENEFITS WHERE APPLICABLE 45 For more information or updates please contact www RF3D com Psiber USA PSIBER DATA SYSTEMS Inc 7075 K Mission Gorge Road San Diego CA 92120 phone 1 619 287 9970 fax 1 619 287 9978 E mail info psiber com Psiber Europe PSIBER DATA GmbH Felix Wankel StraBe 4 D 82152 Krailling Tel 49 0 89 89 13 60 60 Fax 49 0 89 89 13 60 66 E Mail info psiber data com
20. Wa 170 255 18 8 Concrete w Steel 6 6 102 Steel reinforced concrete wall 17 25dB Wa 240 1360 12 12 Concrete w Steel 7 7 101 Steel reinforced concrete wall 24 360B Wa 33 0 49 5 16 16 Concrete w Steel 8 8 68 Steel reinforced concrete wall 33 50qB Wall 12 0 3 0 8 8 Light Weight Con 9 6 Light weight concrete wall crete w Steel 2 3dB Wal 0 8 0 8 JA 5 Drywall 2 sides 0 10 97 Drywall also commonly known as gypsum board plaster Over Framing 8 0 8dB board A drywall panel is made of a paper liner wrapped around an inner core made primarily from gypsum plaster Wal 0 8 0 8 A 7 Drywall 2 sides 11 92 Drywall also commonly known as gypsum board plaster Over Framing 8 0 8dB board A drywall panel is made of a paper liner wrapped around an inner core made primarily from gypsum plaster Wa 15 1 5 A 4 Plywood 1 2 80 One layer Plywood wall side Over Framing 1 5 1 5cB Wal 3 0 3 0 JA 4 5 Plywood 2 sides 13 53 Two layer Plywood wal Over Framing 3 3dB Wal 150 150 l 1 Stucco Over 2x4 4 14 9 Modern Stucco usually consists of 1 layer of wire lath and Wood or Steel 15 15dB 2 layers of portland cement based plaster Wall 3 0 45 Window 1 Dual 15 9 Glass window Glazed 3 4 5dB Wa 280 420 Jl Window 1 IR blocking 16 69 Infrared blocking window 28 420B Wall 2 0 30 2 4 Office divider 17 127 _ Office divider glass wood 2 3dB Wa 1 0 1 5 2 2 Office cubical 8 128 Office divider 1 1 5dB Wa 155 29 36 Shelf Rack 3 1
21. a can increase the communica tion range by up to 100 2 4 3 Yagi Antennas Yagi antennas are extremely directional antennas and are used to set up point to point radio links bridging distances of up to 300 m at 54 Mbit s 1 km at 11 Mbit s or 2 km at 2 Mbit s for example using 2 4 GHz WLAN In this way separate buildings can be interconnected using WLAN equipment Please see appendix A The Antenna Library 2 5 Attenuation Once the signal leaves the access point s antenna it is subject to attenuation or loss that is it becomes weaker In the ideal case the signal attenuation with increasing distance from the antenna is called free space loss The theoretical rate of free space loss is different for the different frequency bands 2 4 GHz and 5 GHz A 5 GHz signal is subject to greater loss than a 2 4 GHz signal Indoors the actual attenuation depends on the given build ing The signal loss through wooden walls is clearly different from the loss through stone or reinforced concrete It is therefore important to determine the building materials involved and their specific properties Please see appendix B The Wall and Floor Library 2 6 Theoretical Throughput Rates Signal strength is one of the factors that determine the theoretical throughput of a wireless LAN Wireless LAN components lower their data rate automatically when the received signal power is no longer sufficient for a higher throughput Furthermore the received signal mu
22. any continued right to Use the Software after termination of this Agreement 8 NO OTHER OBLIGATIONS This Agreement creates no obligations on the part of Psiber other than as specifically set forth herein 9 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW IN NO EVENT SHALL PSIBER ITS EMPLOY EES OR LICENSORS OR AFFILIATES BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES CLAIMS OR COSTS ANY LOST PROFITS REVENUE SALES DATA OR COSTS OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES PROPERTY DAMAGE PERSONAL INJURY INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMA TION OR FOR ANY SPECIAL DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL ECONOMIC COVER PUNITIVE SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES HOWEVER CAUSED AND WHETHER ARISING UNDER CONTRACT TORT NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER THEORY OF LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE EVEN IF PSIBER OR ITS LICENSORS OR AFFILIATES ARE ADVISED OF THE POSSIBIL ITY OF SUCH DAMAGES BECAUSE SOME COUNTRIES STATES JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY BUT MAY ALLOW LIABILITY TO BE LIMITED IN SUCH CASES PSIBER ITS EMPLOYEES OR LICENSORS OR AFFILIATES LIABILITY SHALL BE LIMITED TO U S 50 43 RED WifiPlanner manual Nothing contained in this Agreement shall prejudice the statutory rights of any party dealing as a consumer Nothing contained in this Agreement limits Psiber s liability to You in the event of death or personal injury resulting from Psiber
23. apply instead Psiber warrants that the Software provides the functionalities set forth in the Documentation the agreed upon functionalities for the limited warranty pe riod following receipt of the Software when used on the recommended hardware configuration As used in this Section limited warranty period means one 1 year if you are a business user and two 2 years if you are not a business user Non substantial variation from the agreed upon functionalities shall not be considered and does not establish any warranty rights THIS LIMITED WARRANTY DOES NOT APPLY TO SOFTWARE PROVIDED TO YOU FREE OF CHARGE FOR EXAMPLE UPDATES PRE RELEASE TRYOUT PRODUCT SAMPLER NOT FOR RESALE NFR COPIES OF SOFTWARE OR SOFTWARE THAT HAS BEEN ALTERED BY YOU TO THE EXTENT SUCH ALTERATIONS CAUSED A DE FECT To make a warranty claim during the limited warranty period you must return at our ex pense the Software and proof of purchase to the location where you obtained it If the function dlities of the Software vary substantially from the agreed upon functionalities Psiber is entitled by way of re performance and at its own discretion to repair or replace the Software If this fails you are entitled to a reduction of the purchase price reduction or to cancel the purchase agreement rescission The provisions of Section 7 and Section 9 shall survive the termination of this Agreement how soever caused but this shall not imply or create
24. ates if any licensed to You by Psiber under this Agreement Use or Using means to access install download copy or otherwise benefit from using the functionality of the Software in accordance with the Documentation Permitted Number means one 1 unless otherwise indicated under a valid license e g volume license granted by Psiber Computer means an electronic device that accepts information in digital or similar form and manipulates it for a specific result based on a sequence of instructions 2 END USER RIGHTS AND USE Psiber grants to You a non exclusive non transferable end user right to install the Software on the local hard disk s of one computer or other permanent storage media including a computer file server within your internal network and use the Software on a single computer or terminal at a time 3 LIMITATIONS ON END USER RIGHTS You may not copy distribute or make derivative works of the Software except as follows a You may make one copy of the Software on physical media as an archival backup copy provided Your archival backup copy is not installed or used on any computer Any other copies You make of the Software are in violation of this Agreement b You may not use modify translate reproduce or transfer the right to use the Software or copy the Software except as expressly provided in this Agreement c You may not resell sublicense rent lease lend the Software assign o
25. cess points etc in a certain order Floor Select this tool to describe floors or ceilings A floor element is a polygon with any number of sides If there is an opening in a floor such as a courtyard surrounded by the building you must draw the floor accordingly For detailed instructions see Chapter 5 To draw a floor click with the leff mouse button at the corners of the desired area At the last corner click with the right mouse button to complete the polygon 2 Supp Wall Supporting walls are elements of the building structure that are continu ous through all floors You should use the supporting wall tool wherever possible in order to minimize the number of plan elements and make the program s calculations significantly faster 3 Wall Use the Wall tool to draw partition walls that are present only in the selected floor A wide variety of material types is available for partition walls and the more ex actly you draw all the walls that exist in your building the better your planning will be To draw a wall click with the left mouse button where the wall begins and at each angle then with the right mouse button where the wall ends 4 Arrow symbol Use the arrow tool to select elements in the plan You can also edit the plan by dragging and dropping the drawing elements To select several elements press and hold the Ctrl key while you click on them Clicking on a wall selects only one segment of it 5 Access
26. data traffic such as warehouse or logistics applications it can be efficient to use the outer fringes of a cell in spite of weaker signal power 2 4 Antennas Antenna technology would take up a full chapter in a survey of WLAN fundamentals For planning purposes you need to know that cell shapes can be optimized by using appropriate antennas In office floors for example signal radiation in a horizontal plane is very important while vertical radiation is often undesirable since it causes interfer ence in the floors above and below A highly directional antenna such as a panel antenna may be used to cover a long corridor Yagi antennas have an even narrower beam and are used for point to point Communications such as radio links between two buildings RED WifiPlanner manual 2 4 1 Omnidirectional Antennas Omnidirectional antennas are generally used to in crease the communication range within offices or homes The antennas commonly sup plied with access points are omnidirectional Omnidirectional antennas have a beam angle of 360 in the horizontal plane Vertically their radiation pattern is compressed and may cover an angle of 80 These antennas can have a gain of 2 to 5 dB and may be used to increase an access point s horizontal range Please see appendix A The Antenna Library 2 4 2 Patch Antennas Patch antennas typically offer gain of 4 to 6 dB with horizontal and vertical beam angles of 80 to 65 A patch antenn
27. duct Updates New versions of RF3D WifiPlanner are released from time to time To search for up dates please visit www rf3d com in the Internet The RF3D website has a download area where you can download the latest program version The same website allows you to upgrade from RF3D WifiPlanner Lite to the next higher version Or you can order an upgrade by e mail to sales rf3d com Fundamentals of Wireless Network Planning To plan an efficient wireless network it helps to understand a little radio communica tion theory In this document we can only provide a brief summary with regard to wire less networks For more detailed information please consult the specialist literature 2 1 Standardization in Wireless Networking In designing standards for wireless networks as they are used in the industry today the IEEE built on the Ethernet standard IEEE 802 3 Like Ethernet an IEEE WLAN functions as a shared medium with a decentralized access control mechanism Every station competes for access with all other stations and is responsible for regulating its own use of the medium In this situation the CSMA CD access protocol Carrier Sense Mul tiple Access with Collision Detection ensures that every station gets an opportunity to transmit data over the medium Because it uses the same media access technique 802 11 WLAN is often called wireless Ethernet The IEEE 802 11 standard defines several different Ethernet based wireless networks
28. each location in the plan if the strongest access point for that location had failed For high reliability applications gaps in the coverage in this view can be a problem You can fill such gaps by adding access points There is always more than one way to design a wireless network The need for a reliable or high availability network is often difficult to reconcile with the need to ensure high data rates by avoiding interference You will find however that networks you have designed using RF3D WifiPlanner are efficient optimum solutions 21 RED WifiPlanner manual 5 Advanced Settings 5 1 Editing Wall and Floor Libraries he properties and settings of wall and floor materials are stored in the library You can easily edit and expand this library Each type of wall or floor is saved in a separate XML file These files are contained in the folder RF3DWifiPlanner WallsFloors The names of the wall and floor files must follow certain rules in order to be recognized by the RF3D WifiPlanner program Example ft_003_6 _Brick_7_18dB The file name must begin with ff or m to indicate whether this wall or floor is defined in feet or in meters The wall or floor is then available in the Toolbox only when the same measurement unit is selected in the program options The next part of the file name after the meas urement unit abbreviation is an underscore followed by a three digit number This number determines the position at which
29. en Sie die Antennendiagramme fur die in RF3D WifiPlanner hinterlegten generischen Antennentypen Generic Access Point w Dipole Ant a b g 2dBi 270 Vertical section of a b g Net 29 KPD WifiPlanner manual Generic Antenna a b g 7dBi Omni 270 210 150 _ 190 170 vun 180 Horizontal section of b g Net 210 220 320 230 310 240 300 250 260 z0 270 Vertical section of b g Net 30 KPD WifiPlanner manudi 270 250 210 150 160 199 170 180 Horizontal section of a h Net 210 220 320 230 310 240 300 250 360 u 7 270 Vertical section of a h Net 31 KPD WifiPlanner manual Generic Antenna a b g 8dBi directional 310 280 270 250 240 120 230 130 220 140 210 150 160 190 170 180 Horizontal section of a b g Net 1 110 _ 108 000 3 70 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 270 Vertical section of a b g Net 32 RD WifiPlanner manual Generic Antenna a b g 13 9 dBi Directional Yagi 100 110 120 220 140 210 150 190 170 180 Horizontal section of a b g Net 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 320 230 310 240 300 250 290 260 280 270 Vertical section of a b g Net 33 manual RD WifiPlanner Generic Antenna a b g 18 d
30. erference should be minimized for voice over WLAN since voice packets that are lost due to interference are not resent as lost packets in other applica tions are Thus interference affects voice fidelity and in extreme cases can make voice communication impossible 4 2 Entering Environmental Factors In planning a wireless network with the RF3D WifiPlanner you should follow a certain se quence of steps in order to achieve your objective quickly and easily Furthermore perform ing the steps in the order described here minimizes the computation involved and hence the processing time as well The process can be divided into five simple steps oo a we Import Define Place Optimize Generate Floor Building Access Points amp Network Report Plans Maps Structure Antennas Planning Printing Once you have imported all the building plans as described in Section 3 1 you should first draw in the floors in each level If all the floors in the building are of the same shape and the same materials you can copy the first floor to all the other plans using the menu command Edit Paste Floor to Other Levels Hint Before you begin drawing in all the building elements you can turn off the Automatic selective recompute function as described in Section 3 4 This will save processor time since otherwise the RF3D WifiPlanner recomputes the wireless network characteristics each time you draw an element of the building plan There are two differen
31. he same copyright and other proprietary notices that appear on the Software Psiber permits you to Use the Software only in accordance with the terms of this Agreement Use of some third party materials included in the Software may be subject to other terms and conditions typically found in a separate license agreement 5 MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENT SOFTWARE MULTIPLE LANGUAGE SOFTWARE DUAL MEDIA SOFTWARE MULTIPLE COPIES UPDATES If the Software supports multiple platforms or languages if You receive the Software on multiple media of if You otherwise receive multiple copies of the Software the number of computers on which all versions of the Software are installed shall be one computer You may not rent lease sublicense lend or transfer versions or copies of the Software You do not use If the Software is an Update to a previous version of the Software You must possess a valid end user right to such previ ous version in order to use the Update and You may use the previous version for ninety 90 days after you receive the Update in order to assist You in the transition to the Update After such time You no longer have a right to use the previous version except for the sole purpose of enabling You to install the Update 6 COMMENCEMENT amp TERMINATION This Agreement is effective from the first date You install the Software You may terminate this Agreement at any time by permanently deleting destroying and returning at your own costs the
32. iPlanner includes an Import Wizard to assist you in importing indi vidual floor plans in alignment with one another Floor plans can be imported in the common image formats JPG BMP and PNG In selecting floor plans you should choose image files of moderate size and resolution since high definition floor plans consume memory unnecessar ily We recommend that you use images of less than 1000 x 1000 pixels If your plans are cur 11 RED WifiPlanner manual rently in DXF format as produced by Auto CAD for example you can convert them either using the graphics program they were created with or using commonly available utilities Other ways of obtaining the necessary plans include scanning paper drawings or photo graphing the emergency exit plans posted on each floor of most buildings It doesn t matter if the individual floor plans have different resolutions or orientations the Import Wizard solves such problems easily exe te _R EUL j ea pt To start the Wizard select the menu command File New en Pree em eee in mn mut md ee Po med hun me mg re Click Next to import an image file of the first floor plan Browse to the desired image file in the file selection dialog To ensure that all the floor plans for the whole building are aligned one above anoth er you must choose two corresponding reference points in each plan RF3D WifiPlan ner automatically scales and rotates the individual plans to align the
33. in different kinds of spaces imee anan Fu rei Select Free Space if there is no additional loss to be anticipated as in outdoor areas such as parking lots or campus yards The default setting Factory Warehouse factors in low to moderate loss for low density spaces such as warehouses The Office setting adds moderate to high attenuation to account for the furniture and persons present in typical office environments 4 Planning Wireless Networks 4 1 What Application Is Intended To plan a wireless network start by determining which applications will eventually be transported over the projected network There are critical differences between applica tions that require greater redundancy but only low data traffic such as warehousing and logistics and applications that require high bandwidth such as voice over WLAN RED WifiPlanner manual For a warehouse application for example you should design the wireless cells larger and tolerate a higher level of interference This increases reliability since the second nearest access point to a given location will probably be usable in case the nearest one fails To change the size of the wireless cells click the Access Points tab and adjust the transmit ter power of each access point The higher the transmitter power of an access point the larger the cell it covers Inversely if you are designing a network for voice over WLAN you should plan smaller cells This is because int
34. lder for the program We recommend using the default directory path Please do not change the name of the application folder RF3DWifi Planner Click Next and wait for the installation to be completed Z lestalling RFID WitiPlanner RF3D WifiPlanner has been successfully installed Click Finish to complete the installation Activation No valid license available Would you like to activate RF3D WifiPlanner now Type in the case sensitive serial number from your product box or your online confirmation To purchase a valid serial number choose Help RF3D online For using the Demo version press Cancel Serial Number email Last Name First Name Company Name If you would like to evaluate the software in demo mode simply click Cancel Otherwise enter the serial number from your CD box or online purchase confirmation your name the name of your company and your e mail address Click OK The following dialog appears re For the next step please make sure that the com pleaca provide connection to the nternetandecweter puter is connected to the Internet After you have Prost successfully activated the software you will see ca the following dialog A mode has to be activated or ne Online Activation was sucerssful Click Close to conclude the installation and activation and start working with your RF3D WifiPlanner RED WifiPlanner manual 1 3 Pro
35. le of Colors 38 40 Appendix D EULA RED WifiPlanner manual 1 Introduction Thank you very much for choosing RF3D WifiPlanner RF3D WifiPlanner is an advanced program for planning wireless networks in conformance with the IEEE 802 1 1a b g h standards RF3D WifiPlanner helps you design more efficient wireless networks and en sure that they deliver optimum service even under heavy loads Such planning usually saves costs too not least by eliminating unnecessary access points This also means less radiation which is another benefit that should not be underestimated The number of wireless networks in professional use is constantly growing For compa nies that want full WiFi coverage using multiple access points there is no substitute for professional and efficient planning Until now however it has been difficult to optimize the time and money spent on planning robust high availability wireless networks es pecially in multi story buildings RF3D WifiPlanner software by Psiber Data meets this need providing economical application specific planning of both simple and com plex wireless networks RF3D WifiPlanner provides true three dimensional simulation of radio signal distribu tion in the building and is thus the first tool to visualize co channel and next channel interference from access points on other floors Furthermore the number of access points required can be easily optimized through on screen interactive planning And
36. me ing 18cm 25 37 50B tallic dropped ceiling Floor 20 30 25 Steel reinforced concrete floor 103 103 101 Steel reinforced concrete floors 25cm 20 30dB koon ezle E35 25 Srcf with nonmetallic dropped 104 104 156 Steel reinforced concrete floors with ceiling 25cm 21 31 5dB nonmetallic dropped ceiling Floor 30 45 25 Srcf with metallic dropped ceil 105 55 Steel reinforced concrete floors with me ing 25cm 30 45dB tallic dropped ceiling rowel 24 53725 31 Steel reinforced concrete floor 106 106 68 Steel reinforced concrete floors 31cm 25 37 5dB Floor 26 39 31 Srcf with nonmetallic dropped 107 107 162 Steel reinforced concrete floors with ceiling 31cm 26 390B nonmetallic dropped ceiling FOO oom O20 3 Srcf with metallic dropped ceil 108 84 Steel reinforced concrete floors with me ing 31cm 35 52 50B tallic dropped ceiling Floor 4 6 3 8 Wood floor w or w o carpet 120 83 Wood Flooring with carpet 3 8cm 4 6dB Floor 6 8 45 Agee floor with tiles 4 5cm 121 60 Wood Flooring with tiles 37 RED WifiPlanner manual Appendix C Table of Colors knownColor Aquamarine Black 35 0 0 0 255 BlanchedAlmond 36 255 235 205 255 Blue 37 0 0 255 255 BlueViolet 38 138 43 226 255 Brown 39 165 42 42 255 BurlyWood 40 222
37. ncies and Channels All the wireless standards described here work with fixed channel settings not with frequency hopping as used by other technologies such as Bluetooth The 2 4 GHz ISM band is divided into 14 channels Channels and frequencies are subject to dif ferent local regulations in each country however which must be taken into account during planning For example in the US only channels 1 to 11 are used while in Europe channels 1 to 13 are available It is generally up to the operator to ensure that local regulations are observed RED WifiPlanner manual Channel Center frequency GHz 1 USA FCC Europa ETSI 2 USA FCC Europa ETSI 3 USA FCC Europa ETSI 4 USA FCC Europa ETSI 5 USA FCC Europa ETSI 6 USA FCC Europa ETSI 7 USA FCC Europa ETSI 8 USA FCC Europa ETSI g USA FCC Europa ETSI 10 USA FCC Europa ETSI 11 USA FCC Europa ETSI Japan 13 Europa ETSI Japan 14 However the channels in the ISM band overlap For example with reference to the actual radio output of an access point we find that an access point transmitting on channel three also emits a signal on the neighboring channels 1 2 4 and 5 This means that other WLAN components communicating on any of those four chan nels will receive interference This happens whenever the components transmit data Data transmission generally occurs even when no user data is transported over the network in other words when the
38. network is idle because management informa tion beacons keep alive packets and the like still have to be transported at regular intervals This phenomenon is called near channel interference RED WifiPlanner manual Power dBm 2 412 2 417 2 437 2 462 Frequency GHz Interference arises whenever data is transmitted and therefore networks that carry little or no data generate less interference This also means that although a network with lower data traffic still functions in spite of channel overlap problems can be ex pected as traffic increases In planning of course attention must be given to avoiding channel overlaps This is done by planning overall WLAN network as a cellular structure in which adjacent cells use channels that are far apart in the frequency spectrum Among the eleven channels available in the US no more than three can be used with no overlapping channels 1 6 and 11 It is also helpful to know that the maximum permissible transmitter power in this ISM band for indoor use is 20 dBm or 100 mW The 5 GHz frequency band offers a greater number of non overlapping channels but is often subject to national regulations Different countries permit different maximum indoor and outdoor transmitter power levels for example 2 3 Cellular Structure of a Wireless Network The size of a wireless cell that is the coverage area of an access point is limited by the transmitter power To cover larger areas a s
39. o commonly known as gyp each side 1 6 1 60B sum board plasterboard A drywall panel is made of a paper liner wrapped around an inner core made primarily from gypsum plaster Wa 4 6 3 8 Wood Wall 3 8cm 4 6cB 10 80 One layer wood wall Wa 8 12 N A en Wall 3 8cm each side 11 53 Two layer wood wall Wa 15 15 2 6 Stucco wall 2 6cm 15 15dB 12 95 odern Stucco usually consists of 1 layer of wire lath and 2 layers of portland ce ment based plaster Wa 3 4 5 3 Double Glazed Window 3cm 14 91 Glass window 3 4 5cB Wa 28 42 3 IR blocking Window 38cm 15 69 Infrared blocking window 28 42dB Wa 2 3 N A Office _ divider glass wood 16 127 Office divider 5 10cm 2 3dB Wa 1 1 5 5 Office cubical 5cm 1 1 5dB 17 128 Office divider Wa 16 24 100 High rise rack 100cm 1 6 2 4dB 18 56 High rise rack approx Im thick Wa 30 45 N A Profiled sheeting 30 450B 18 62 Metal wall sheeting in the form of Cor rugated galvanized iron Wa 30 45 N A Elevator shaft 30 45dB 20 20 35 Elevator shaft Floor 15 22 5 18 Steel reinforced concrete floor 100 100 102 Steel reinforced concrete floors 18cm 15 22 5dB Floor 16 24 18 Srcf with nonmetallic dropped 101 101 152 Steel reinforced concrete floors with ceiling 18cm 16 24dB nonmetallic dropped ceiling Hoor 28 evo 18 Srcf with metallic dropped ceil 102 82 Steel reinforced concrete floors with
40. oid channel overlap 20 RED WifiPlanner manual When you choose channels for the access points it can be helpful to switch the view mode from signal power to data rate because the data rate view reflects any adverse effects of co channel or near channel interference due to channel settings a ii Ign a Of uhr REE Checking the results of access point settings in the Data Rate view 4 4 Optimizing Wireless Networks When you have finished planning wireless signal coverage for the building you can begin to optimize the network You can do this in several ways using the RF3D WifiPlan ner s various views on the Simulation tab such as data rate interference etc One approach is to display the expected data rates The data rate view reflects all radio effects including interference signal to noise ratio and network traffic loads Gaps or areas with lower data rates indicate room for improvement To analyze the causes of lower data rates you can use the interference or SNR views The problems can be al leviated by changing the access point settings When you are satisfied with your basic WLAN plan you can then simulate its behavior in case of faults such as access point failures Do this by deactivating individual ac cess points on the Access Points tab A better way however is to use the Log Power Reliability Level 1 view In this view RF3D WifiPlanner displays the signal power that would be received at
41. orced concrete floors with nonmetallic dropped Nonmetallic Drop Ceil ceiling ing 25 37dB Floor 34 0 51 0 2 2 Concrete Steel w 108 84 Steel reinforced concrete floors with metallic dropped Metallic Drop Ceiling ceiling 34 510B Floor 4 0 6 0 1 5 1 5 Wood Flooring w 120 53 Wood Flooring with subfloor Subfloor 4 6dB Floor 6 0 8 0 1 5 1 5 Tile w Subfloor 2 60 Tile with subfloors 6 8dB 36 RED WifiPlanner manual List of wall amp floor materials measurement unit meter RF3D Text Comment Wa 8 20 18 Brick wall 18cm 8 20dB 142 Brick wall Wa 10 25 25 Brick wall 25cm 10 25dB 2 2 83 Brick wall Wa I 826 50 Brick wall 50cm 13 32 5dB 3 3 39 Brick wall Wa 15 22 5 18 Steel reinforced concrete wall 4 4 102 Steel reinforced concrete wall 18cm 18 22 5dB Wa 20 30 25 Steel reinforced concrete walll 5 5 101 Steel reinforced concrete wall 25cm 20 30dB Wa 25 37 5 3 Steel reinforced concrete wall 6 6 68 Steel reinforced concrete wall 31cm 25 37 5d0B Wa 2 3 18 jLight Weight concrete gas con 7 61 Light weight concrete wall crete 18cm 2 3dB Wall 0 8 0 8 N A Dry wall l scm plasterboard 8 8 97 Drywall also commonly known as gyp each side 0 8 0 80B sum board plasterboard A drywall panel is made of a paper liner wrapped around an inner core made primarily from gypsum plaster Wall 1 6 1 6 N A Dry wall 3 0 cm plasterboard at 9 9 92 Drywall als
42. r transfer your rights in the Software or authorize all or any portion of the Software to be copied onto another user s Com puter except as may be expressly permitted herein You may however transfer all your rights to Use the Software to another person or legal entity provided that a you also transfer i this Agreement and ii the Software and all other software or hardware bundled or pre installed with the Software including all copies Updates and prior versions to such person or entity 0 you retain no copies including backups and copies stored on a Computer and c the receiving party accepts the terms and conditions of this Agreement and any other terms and conditions upon which you legally purchased a license to the Software Notwithstanding the foregoing you may not transfer education pre release or not for resale cop ies of the Software d You may not reverse engineer reverse compile disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover 4 RED WifiPlanner manual the source code of the Software except to the extent that this restriction is expressiy prohibited by law or create derivative works based on the Software e Unless stated otherwise in the Documentation You shall not display modify reproduce and distribute any of the Stock Files included with the Software In the event that the Documentation allows You to display the Stock Files You shall not distribute the Stock Files on a stand alone basis i e in
43. ram and restart it for your new settings to take effect To reset all options to their original values click the Defaults button You muy tode Use USA br USA EMEA her Empe fer ther mgoa Gators cored Pe he o N Ren weg ten Gore MEN fot Se Ft et Metres ment te ck mer Cont mes om 5 4 Floors with Openings Some buildings have open areas in the floors such as inner courtyards Such areas must be left open in your plans as well in order for interference to be computed cor rectly You can draw floors with open areas as follows First draw some of the edges of the floor along the outer walls but do not complete the polygon Then draw the edges of the open space in the interior 27 RED WifiPlanner manual TIRECHELIETT b ie w iua d In this way you can draw the floor in one piece while leaving an interior area open 5 5 Split Level Buildings To represent buildings with split levels import a drawing for each partial level and draw in partial floors for the existing floor areas Remember though that walls you draw in on a lower level extend only to the height of the next higher level even if they do not meet a floor there If your building has walls that extend through a split level you must draw them on the lower level and again in the unfloored space on the next higher partially floored level 28 RED WifiPlanner manual Appendix A The Antenna Library Antenna Library Hier find
44. rotational angle in the horizontal plane where positive val ues represent a clockwise rotation from 12 o clock Directional antennas should be described so that their greatest gain is at phi 0 and theta 0 You can enter as many directional gain values data points as you want and the number of data points only has to be entered in a few places as described below The data points you specify can also be at any angles desired and their distribution can vary within an antenna file However both the precision of the program display and the time required to recompute and refresh the display increase as the number of data points increases In computing the antenna gain the program adds the directional gain in dBi to the global gain in the example 4 dBi This means that the directional gain value should be normalized to 0 dBi Please note that the decimal point must be a period C Note too that the tags and values are case sensitive The Type line contains the text displayed for this antenna type in the toolbox lt Type id ref 4 gt SOA 2400 360 4 0 DS lt Type gt The TypeShort line is not currently used in the program You can use it for your comments lt TypeShort id ref 5 gt Bild 6 139 26 0044 lt TypeShort gt The Gain_dB_2_4GHz line defines the antenna gain in the 2 4 GHz band lt Gain dB 2 4GHz gt 4 lt Gain dB 2 4GHz gt 23 KPD WifiPlanner manual The IsZlsotropic_2_4GHz line indicates whether the
45. s D The Network Load control allows you to simulate various data traffic levels in your pro jected wireless network This is very helpful since it allows you to design your network ac cording to the types of applications it will support Low network loads can be expected for example in warehousing and logistics applications while office applications and Voice over IP usually generate higher traffic loads E View In this drop down list you can choose the network characteristic that you want to display The list contains the following views 15 RED WifiPlanner manual Log Power This is the received signal strength of the strongest access point at each location Use this view to gauge the quality of your network coverage A value of 70 dB or higher is sufficient Remember that since the values in dB are negative a higher value is one that is closer to zero Log SNR This view shows the signal to noise ratio at each location which reflects the effects of co channel interference A value of 10 dB or higher is good Data Rate The data rate view shows the estimated attainable data rate at each location This is a very useful prediction of how the projected network will actually perform The display shows values between 1 and 54 Mbit s Higher data rates are better Interference Interference is a major concern in wireless network planning Interference is caused mainly by co channel overlap with other access points Reduce in
46. s Canada or Mexico or 0 Germany if a license to the Software is purchased when you are in any other jurisdiction not described above The respective courts shall each have non exclusive jurisdiction over all disputes relating to this Agreement This Agreement will not be governed by the conflict of law rules of any jurisdiction or the United Nations Convention on Con tracts for the International Sale of Goods the application of which is expressly excluded If any part of this Agreement is found void and unenforceable it will not affect the validity of the balance of the Agreement which shall remain valid and enforceable according to its terms This Agreement may only be modified by a writing signed by an authorized officer of Psiber although Psiber may vary the terms of this Agreement This is the entire agreement between Psiber and You relating to the Software and it supersedes any prior representations discussions undertakings end user agreements communications or advertising relating to the Software If you have any questions regarding this Agreement or if you wish to request any information from Psiber please use the address and contact information included with this product or via the web at www psiber com to contact the Psiber office serving your jurisdiction Psiber RF3D are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Psiber Data GmbH in Europe or Psiber Data Systems Incorporated in the United States and or other countries P
47. selected points exactly in vertical lines You only need to take care to select the two points so that they can be identified exactly on every floor plan It is a good idea to select the upper left and right corners of the building as reference points for example Furthermore you must enter the exact distance between the two reference points Specify the distance in the measurement unit selected in the program options feet or meters RED WifiPlanner manual After you have selected the image file for the first floor plan you can align it with the grid so that the walls are exactly horizontal and vertical This will make it much simpler to draw in the walls later To align the plan rotate it using the slider then use the left and right arrow keys for finer adjustments KL coodinate origin f fejssttsestaeetsrnnneg Then set the coordinate origin such as the upper left corner of the building and a second reference point such as the upper right corner of the building Remember that the same two points must be identifiable on the plan of every floor Now enter in formation about the plan including the following items me Yan Pee Lae pe beere iamue apd aa oa mn nt esebi 12 Dar Da ee A Pe ma Po nt rd Toe care Te nn 1 ome vom Den um Yu Re u poets fe vant e r ree be trae Po ret ra me Level Name Specify a name for the current floor such as Ground Level or Fifth Floor Level Height En
48. specifies the color in which the given antenna is displayed in the level plans For the permissible color values see Appendix C lt knownColor gt 59 lt knownColor gt lt state gt 1 lt state gt lt Col gt lt al AntennaType gt 24 KPD WifiPlanner manudi The array or list of values which follows contains phi values angle measures in de grees for 72 data points at 2 4 GHz If you use a different number of data points replace the 72 in this line with the number of data points you want to define lt SOAP ENC Array id ref 6 SOAP ENC arrayType xsd float 72 gt lt item gt 180 lt item gt lt item gt 175 lt item gt lt item gt 170 lt item gt lt item gt 165 lt item gt lt item gt 170 lt item gt lt item gt 175 lt item gt lt SOAP ENC Array gt The next array with the attribute id ref 7 contains theta values angle measures in degrees for 72 data points at 2 4 GHz lt SOAP ENC Array id ref 7 SOAP ENC arrayType xsd float 72 gt lt item gt 90 lt item gt lt item gt 85 lt item gt lt item gt 80 lt item gt lt item gt 255 lt item gt lt item gt 260 lt item gt lt item gt 265 lt item gt lt SOAP ENC Array gt The next array with the attribute id ref 8 contains gain values in dBi for the values of phi listed above representing 72 data points at 2 4 GHz lt SOAP ENC Array id ref 8 SOAP ENC arrayType xsd float 72 g
49. st also be greater than the noise due to interference typically by 10 dB Thus the signal quality is characterized in terms of the signal to noise ratio SNR See Data Rate for 802 11 u 87 75 1 RED WifiPlanner manual 2 7 Redundancy To protect the supported applications against failures a certain redundancy must be de signed into a wireless network This means that if a given access point fails the stations it served can join neighboring radio cells However since access points too close together generally cause interference redundancy planning always involves a compromise between reliability and throughput The RF3D User Interface RF3D WifiPlanner s user interface has been designed to display even complex WLAN plans understandably RF3D WifiPlanner calculates three dimensional radio characteristics in real time and displays them in horizontal cross sections corresponding to the floors of a build ing A navigation column at the left presents simplified thumbnails of all the floor plans The selected floor is displayed in detail in the main window where you can edit it interactively The tabs at the bottom of the window allow you to select the Simulation Access Points and Advanced options w e we Tee Thumbnails me m Neat i ons 3 1Importing Building Plans For an exact simulation of floors one above another the building plans must be aligned For this purpose the RF3D Wif
50. stall it before you continue Furthermore make sure that you have Administrator privileges on your PC and a work ing connection to the Internet Insert the installation CD into your drive If the installer does not start automatically dou ble click the installation file to start it After starting the installer you will see the welcome message F installing RF30 WifiPlannes a Eq Welcome to the RF3D WifiPlanner Installation This setup program will install RFID WihMlanner on your computer Chek Cancel you do not want to install this application Click Next to continue the installation WARNING This program is protected by international copyright law and treatees Unsuthonzed reproduction or distnbution of ts program or any portion of it may result in severe civil and criminal penskies and will be prosecuted to the maximum extent of the law Cem Click Next Installing REID WifiPlanner s x Destination folder 3 Select a destination folder where RFIO wihrlanner will be installed und Setup will install files in the following folder If you would like to install RFID wifiPlanner into a different folder then click Browse and select another folder Destination folder C Progrems RFID WwifiPlanner Browse Space required 4 13MB Space available 27 8368 Leunch RISO wihirlanner after the installation lt Back JI Next gt Cancel RD WifiPlanner manual Now choose the installation fo
51. t lt item gt 2 381 lt item gt lt item gt 2 399 lt item gt lt item gt 2 388 lt item gt lt item gt 2 005 lt item gt lt item gt 2 175 lt item gt lt item gt 2 303 lt item gt lt SOAP ENC Array gt 25 KPD WifiPlanner manual The next array with the attribute id ref 9 contains gain values in dBi for the values of theta listed above representing 72 data points at 2 4 GHz lt SOAP ENC Array id ref 9 SOAP ENC arrayType xsd float 72 gt lt item gt 16 683 lt item gt lt item gt 12 24 lt item gt lt item gt 7 157 lt item gt lt item gt 5 032 lt item gt lt item gt 7 721 lt item gt lt item gt 12 307 lt item gt lt SOAP ENC Array gt The next array with the attribute id ref 10 contains a phi value angle measure in degrees for one data point at 5 GHz This array is rudimentary since the antenna is not used for the 5 GHz band lt SOAP ENC Array id ref 10 SOAP ENC arrayType xsd float 1 gt lt item gt 0 lt item gt lt SOAP ENC Array gt The next array with the attribute id ref 11 contains a theta value angle measure in degrees for one data point at 5 GHz lt SOAP ENC Array id ref 11 SOAP ENC arrayType xsd float 1 gt lt item gt 0 lt item gt lt SOAP ENC Array gt The next array with the attribute id ref 12 contains a gain value in dBi for the value of phi listed above representing one data
52. t kinds of walls in the RF3D WifiPlanner supporting walls drawn with the Supp Wall tool in the Toolbox and partition walls drawn with the Wall tool When you draw a supporting wall it is automatically inserted in all levels of the building and the RF3D WifiPlan ner treats it as a single element You should use supporting walls to represent all the walls in your building that have the same position and material composition in all levels This can sig nificantly reduce the processing time in comparison to normal walls drawn in on each level separately since there are fewer elements to be processed by the computing algorithms After you have drawn in all the supporting walls you should draw in the partition walls on each level RED WifiPlanner manual 4 3 Positioning Access Points Now that you have drawn all the elements of the building you can begin to design the WLAN itself by positioning the access points and defining their properties Be cause RF3D WifiPlanner considers each access point in combination with its antenna you should know what type of antenna you are thinking of using when you select the Access Point tool in the Toolbox If you plan to use an access point without an external antenna you can select one of the Generic types RF3D WifiPlanner has a library containing a number of external antenna definitions When you use a directional an tenna you can aim it in your plan as described in Section 3 5 b
53. ter the floor s elevation above ground level This value can be negative if your planning includes underground levels Level Name above Enter the name of the floor above the current floor When you later import the next higher floor plan be sure to give it the name you indicate here Mismatched next level names should only occur in special cases such as split level building plans Distance Specify the distance between the two reference points on this floor You should enter this distance as exactly as possible since coverage calculations may otherwise be inexact Now click Next Floor to import the next plan This time you do not need to align the image Simply click on the same two reference points as in the first plan in the same order Repeat this procedure until you have imported all the floor plans Click Finish to close the Wizard RED WifiPlanner manual 3 2 The Toolbox The Toolbox provides all the tools you need to design a wireless LAN When you select Floor Supp Wall or Wall the drop down list to the right in the Toolbox contains a list of the possible material types for the corresponding building element To draw in building elements on the plan select a material type in the list The material types are stored in the program as librar ies which can be easily expanded For details see Chapter 5 Advanced Settings As described in Chapter 4 it is a good idea to draw in the plan elements floors walls ac
54. terference by select ing different channels for adjacent access points or by reducing the output power of certain access points This will reduce the size of the cell How much interference you want to accept depends on your specific needs for redundancy and for throughput Redundancy full version only Access point redundancy is important in areas that require continuous network avail ability even when local failures or system overloads occur The RF3D WifiPlanner provides various views to help you plan access point redundancy Each view simulates a certain scenario in which you can ensure that critical areas have adequate backup cover age Log Power Reliability Level 1 This view displays the signal strength received from the second strongest access point at each location assuming that the strongest access point is no longer working Log Power Reliability Level 2 This view displays the signal strength received from the third strongest access point at each location assuming that the strongest access point is no longer working Log SNR Reliability Level 1 This view displays the signal to noise ratio at each location assuming that the strongest access point is no longer working Log SNR Reliability Level 2 This view displays the signal to noise ratio at each location assuming that the two strong est access points are no longer working FR The color scale indicates what numeric values correspond to the colors in the main dis play Yo
55. termines whether the building element described in this file is a wall or a floor If IsFloor is true it s a floor If IsFloor is false the file describes a wall lt IsFloor gt false lt IsFloor gt If you have edited a copy of an existing library file you must leave all other parts of the file unchanged Otherwise the program may behave unexpectedly 22 RED WifiPlanner manual 5 2 Editing the Access Point Antenna Library The antenna library like the wall and floor library is stored in the form of individual files for each antenna type These files are contained in the folder RF3DWifiPlanner Anten nas and can be edited with Notepad The best way to create an antenna type is to find the file that defines a similar existing type open it in Notepad and save it under a new name before editing its contents Any antenna can be defined for the 2 4 GHz band the 5 GHz band or both bands The example used in the following explanation defines an antenna for the 2 4 GHz band only An antenna file describes the antenna s radiation pattern in terms of its horizontal and vertical cross sections as well as some additional parameters The antenna s ra diation pattern must be described for the antenna s normal installation orientation Theta 8 represents the upward elevation angle from the horizontal plane in degrees Negative values indicate downward elevation Phi designates the azimuth angle in degrees that is the
56. the given wall or floor type appears in the toolbox list Affer another underscore comes the name you want to use for this wall or floor type The best way to create a wall or floor type is to find a file that defines a similar existing type open it in Notepad and save it under a new name before editing its contents The lines you can edit are explained with examples below The Type line defines the name displayed in the Toolbox lt Type id ref 4 gt 6 Brick 7 18dB lt Type gt The DampA_dB line indicates the signal attenuation through such a wall or floor in dB in the 5 GHz band used for 802 11 a and h networks lt DampA_dB gt 7 lt DampA_dB gt The DampBG_aB line indicates the signal attenuation through such a wall or floor in CB in the 2 4 GHz band used for 802 11 b and g networks lt DampBG_dB gt 18 lt DampBG_dB gt The GaugeFeet line indicates the thickness of the wall or floor in feet If you enter a non zero value here you should enter zero in the GaugeMeter line below lt GaugeFeet gt 0 5 lt GaugeFeet gt The GaugeMefter line indicates the thickness of the wall or floor in meters If you enter a non zero value here you should enter zero in the GaugeFeet line above lt GaugeMeter gt 0 lt GaugeMeter gt The knownColor line defines the color in which you will draw the wall or floor in the level plans For permissible color names see the table in Appendix c lt knownColor gt 142 lt knownColor gt The IsFloor line de
57. trl Z to reverse the operation To restore what you have undone select Edit Redo Ctrl Y 3 4 The Simulation Tab The Simulation tab provides a great Teil deal of information and several config Se a uration options during the simulation of u ee eE your projected WLAN ema A When you first start the RF3D WifiPlanner the option Automatic selective recompute is activated This means that the wireless network characteristics are recalculated automatically whenever you draw or move elements in the plan This makes interactive planning easy However you may want to turn off automatic recomputing until you have completed at least a rough draft of your network plan When the automatic recompute option is deactivated you can click the Tot Recomp button at any time to recompute the wireless network characteristics B The box labeled Info contains the basic information about the current floor C The Resolution control allows you to choose how precisely you want the WLAN charac teristics to be Computed Low resolution uses yields a rough estimation of the wireless net work characteristics while high resolution results in very precise calculations Note that the resolution setting has drastic effects on the Computation time and the program s memory needs however Low resolution is therefore recommended for interactive plan ning work Once you have completed your plan you can use higher resolution to gener ate report
58. tructure of several adjacent cells is recommended Because the adjacent cells overlap spatially they must use distinct non overlapping channels RED WifiPlanner manual 802 11 a h 802 11 b g Note that in this cellular structure channel overlap must be avoided not only within each floor of a building but also between adjacent floors In other words access points above and below one another should not use the same channels Another important consideration is the security of a company wide wireless network Usually the operator wants to avoid WLAN transmission beyond the boundaries of the company s premises in order to prevent unauthorized access from outside Furthermore in designing the network s cellular structure you should also consider what applications are to be transported over the network If an application such as telephony is to be pro vided over the WLAN then each cell that is each access point is usually supposed to support a specific number of simultaneous calls This is usually not feasible in cells of the greatest possible size so the network should be designed with smaller cells Smaller cells can be achieved by reducing the transmitter power of specific access points In this case of course more access points are required to cover a given area Another consideration in planning wireless cells is that the data rate depends in part on the signal power received at any given point For applications with low
59. u can modify the range and the number of gradations in the input fields below the color scale This is practical when you would like to display finer distinctions in the plan RED WifiPlanner manual 3 5 The Access Point Tab Senden ATOR RY Aueh The Access Points tab lists all the access points currently planned and allows you to modify their properties The properties of each access point include a name and a description the transmitter power the channel setting and the antenna orientation The orientation is expressed in terms of rotation in the horizontal plane and inclina tion from the vertical The rotation is entered in degrees as on a compass measured clockwise from the top of the plan 0 indicates that the antenna is aimed north or towards the top of the plan 90 is to the right 180 towards the bottom etc In the Tilt field a positive value indicates that the antenna is tilted upwards and a negative value indicates the inclination downwards 0 means that the antenna is in its normal orientation with respect to the horizontal plane 3 6 Advanced Settings In addition to walls and floors enclosed spaces also contain many movable obstacles such as people in offices and merchandise in warehouses and objects that would be too difficult to draw in individually such as furniture shelves etc For this reason the Advanced tab allows you to set a global average attenuation factor to account for such objects
60. ufacture or distribution of items or services controlled on the Wassenaar Munitions List and international governmental organizations This term does not include utilities telecommunications companies and Internet service providers banks and financial institutions transportation broadcast or entertainment educational organizations civil health and medical organizations retail or wholesale firms and manufacturing or industrial entities not engaged in the manufacture or distribution of items or services controlled on the Wassenaar Munitions List You agree to comply strictly with all applicable import and export regulations and acknowledge that You have the responsibility to obtain licenses to export re export transfer or import the Soft ware You further represent that You are not a Government End User as defined above and You will not transfer the Software to any Government End user without a license 44 RED WifiPlanner manual 12 NOTICES All notices and return of the Software and Documentation should be delivered to Psiber Data GmbH or PSIBER DATA SYSTEMS INC Felix Wankel Str 4 7075 K Mission Gorge Road D 82152 Krailling San Diego CA 92120 GERMANY UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 13 APPLICABLE LAW amp GENERAL PROVISIONS This Agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the substantive laws in force a in the State of California if a license to the Software is obtained when you are in the United State

Psiber Data Systems RF3D User's Manual

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