Home

Oracle Audio Technologies E10898-02 User's Manual

1. vncpasswd mypassword Oracle VM Server Configuration File B 5 Oracle VM Server Configuration File B 6 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Guest Configuration Files This Appendix gives you configuration files you can modify and use to create guests A detailed explanation of the configuration parameters and common values is available in the etc xen xmexample hvm file in Oracle VM Server Create the guest configuration file as etc xen domain cfg and use the following command to create the guest xm create domain cfg This Appendix contains Configuration File Example 1 Configuration File Example 2 C 1 Configuration File Example 1 A simple example of a configuration file to create a guest follows disk file mnt el4u5 64 hvm system img hda w memory 4096 vcpus 2 name el4u5 64 hvm va By default no n w interfaces are configured E g A default hvm install will have the line as vif type ioemu bridge xenbr0 builder hvm device model usr lib xen bin qgemu dm vnc 1 vncunused 1 apic 1 acpi 1 pae 1 serial pty enable serial console on_reboot restart on_crash restart C 2 Configuration File Example 2 A more complex example of a configuration file to create a guest follows An example of setting up the install time loopback mount using nfs shared directory with iso images Guest Configuration Files C 1 Configuration File Example 2 to create
2. Audience Preface The preface contains information on how to use the Oracle VM Server User s Guide The areas discussed are Audience Documentation Accessibility Command Syntax Related Documents a Conventions The Oracle VM Server User s Guide is intended for system administrators and end users who wish to learn the fundamentals of virtualization and the provision of virtual guest operating systems Documentation Accessibility Our goal is to make Oracle products services and supporting documentation accessible with good usability to the disabled community To that end our documentation includes features that make information available to users of assistive technology This documentation is available in HTML format and contains markup to facilitate access by the disabled community Accessibility standards will continue to evolve over time and Oracle is actively engaged with other market leading technology vendors to address technical obstacles so that our documentation can be accessible to all of our customers For more information visit the Oracle Accessibility Program Web site at http www oracle com accessibility Accessibility of Code Examples in Documentation Screen readers may not always correctly read the code examples in this document The conventions for writing code require that closing braces should appear on an otherwise empty line however some screen readers may not always read a line of te
3. sss 6 1 6 1 2 Creating a Shared Virtual Disk Using OCFS2 on SAN sees eee 6 3 6 1 3 Adding a Shared Virtual Disk Using NFS sse enn 6 4 6 2 Migrating a Domain ssssesseeeeeeneneeenenennn enn nenne nenne nnn nennen nnne nennen nen 6 5 Managing Oracle VM Server Repositories 7 1 Oracle VM Server Repositories yrii e eee nennen nnne nennen 7 1 7 1 1 Repository Configuration File sse eene nennen nennen 7 1 7 1 2 Repository Mount Options seeseeeeeeenenenennene een enne enne 7 1 7 1 3 Adding Repository sco et eee e eei re e d bite ts 7 2 7 1 4 REMOVING a Repositoty oso ee eee be een pic aer ie iri repaid ote gon 7 2 Command Line Tools OVS aP ONE osos Se teeta eb bero e ordei eee o eere Trot e P tse red A 2 vittinstall ces ARI T E LL At Met EA ee o t Aa T A 3 A A 7 B Oracle VM Server Configuration File Oracle VM Server Configuration File ssssssseeeeeeeee nennen B 2 C Guest Configuration Files C 1 Configuration File Example 1 ssssssssssseeeeeene eene nnne nnne C 1 C 2 Configuration File Example 2 2 tete ette iia siii daban ibas C 1 D Oracle VM Agent Architecture D 1 Oracle VM Agent Architecture insnoeien iaden n aaa e aie D 1 D 2 Oracle VM Agent Deployment sese nnne nnne nennen nnne nenen D 2 E Troubleshooting E 1 Debugeime Tools cero decim et Ser RA tu rec e T IH ats E 1 E 1 1 Oracle VM Server DIf ctoF
4. The default is unix xen api server 10 1 1 1 9363 none unix none xen api server 9363 pam localhost example com unix none B 2 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Oracle VM Server Configuration File xen api server 9367 pam etc xen xen api key etc xen xen api crt xen api server unix Oracle VM Server Options xend http server yes no Sets the original Xen remote interface This setting may be needed for some legacy applications that use HTTP The default is no xend http server yes xend unix server yes no Sets the original Xen remote interface This setting may be needed for some legacy applications that use a local unix socket The default is no xend unix server yes xend tcp xmlrpc server yes no Sets the legacy XML RPC interface This setting may be needed for some applications that use XML RPC over TCP The default is no xend tcp xmlrpc server no xend unix xmlrpc server yes no Sets the legacy XML RPC interface This setting may be needed for some applications that use XML RPC over unix sockets The default is yes xend unix xmlrpc server yes xend relocation server yes no Sets the server used for the live migration of domains The default is no xend relocation server no xend unix path path Sets the path for the xend unix server socket parameter The default is var lib xend xend socket xend unix path var lib xend xend socket xen
5. mv mnt lib tls mnt lib tls disabled Unmount mnt funmount mnt Create the guest xm create c etc domain config file Get the console of the guest xm console lt Domainname gt lt Domid gt 4 7 Creating a Hardware Virtualized Guest Manually To create a hardware virtualized guest manually 1 Install the operating system on a disk by CD ROM pack or network install method PXE install Create the guest configuration file etc xen domain cfg This is the minimum without advanced options hardware virtualized guest configuration file Modify this file to suit your configuration Config File for Full virtualization Creating a Guest 4 9 Creating a Hardware Virtualized Guest Manually import os re arch os uname 4 if re search 64 arch arch_libdir lib64 else arch libdir lib Kernel for hvm domain will be hvmloader kernel usr lib xen boot hvmloader builder hvm Memory in MB for HVM guest domU memory 3000 Name of domain name hvm dom No of virtual cpus vcpus 4 Mac address and corresponding bridge vif mac 00 50 56 1e 34 b5 bridge xenbr0 Disk in which Guest OS is installed disk phy dev cciss c0d1 hda w Here dev cciss c0d1 is the disk onwhich OS is installed device model usr arch_libdir xen bin qemu dm Enable vnc library sdl 0 vnc 1 Vncviewer no is 1 vncviewer 1 Password to access the vnc for this guest vncpasswd welcome vnclisten 0 0 0 0 n
6. Table E 3 Oracle VM Server command line tools Command Line Tool Purpose xen top Displays real time information about Oracle VM Server and domains xm dmesg Displays log information on the hypervisor xm log Displays log information of the Oracle VM Server daemon E 2 Using DHCP It is recommended that you install Oracle VM Server on a computer with a static IP address If your computers uses DHCP you should configure your DHCP server to assign static DHCP addresses This makes sure your host always receives the same IP address The behavior of the Oracle VM Server host is undefined if used in an environment where your IP address may change due to DHCP lease expiry E 3 Guest Console Access You can connect to a guest s console using Oracle VM Manager If you do not have access to Oracle VM Manager you can configure access to a guest s console with VNC Virtual Network Computing VNC access to guests requires that VNC access is E 2 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Guest Console Access enabled in the guest s configuration file vm cfg Some VNC parameters for example the listening address and password can be configured in one either or both of the following locations The Oracle VM Server configuration file etc xen xend config sxp The guest configuration file in either of the following locations etc xen name OVS running_pool name vm cfg Hardware virtualized guests use the vnc 1 parameter in
7. A Command Line Tools This Appendix contains references for the Oracle VM Server and Oracle VM Agent command line tools The command line interfaces in this Appendix are Ovs agent a virt install xm Command Line Tools A 1 ovs agent ovs agent The ovs agent command line tool allows you to configure and control Oracle VM Agent Enter parameters to the ovs agent command line tool in the format ovs agent option See Chapter 3 Oracle VM Agent for examples on using the ovs agent command line tool Options start Starts Oracle VM Agent service ovs agent start stop Stops Oracle VM Agent service ovs agent stop restart Stops and restarts Oracle VM Agent service ovs agent restart status Displays information on the status of the Oracle VM Agent daemon service ovs agent status configure Starts the Oracle VM Agent interactive configuration script service ovs agent configure A 2 Oracle VM Server User s Guide virt install virt install Options The virt install command line tool creates paravirtualized guests and hardware virtualized guests virt install can be used as an interactive shell or all parameters can be given at the same time Enter multiple parameters to the virt install command line tool in the format virt install option This section contains a brief explanation of some of the more common virt install options For full documentation use the vir
8. TYPE Ethernet The etc fstab file does not require modification with a hardware virtualized guest Hardware virtualized guests boot as a normal operating system It reads the partition table as usual at boot time Unmount mnt funmount mnt Create the guest xm create c etc xen domain config file Use VNCViewer to display the guest vncviewer hostname of dom0 gt password welcome The guest is displayed 4 8 Converting a Hardware Virtualized Guest to a Paravirtualized Guest You may want to convert a hardware virtualized guest to a paravirtualized guest This example uses Oracle Enterprise Linux 4 Update 4 as it does not support a direct installation as a paravirtualized guest This procedure gives an example of installing Oracle Enterprise Linux as a hardware virtualized guest then converting it to a paravirtualized guest To create an Oracle Enterprise Linux 4 Update 4 paravirtualized guest 1 Copy the Oracle Enterprise R4 U4 x86_64 dvd iso image to the local file system of the Oracle VM Server computer ls 1 root Enterprise R4 U4 x86_64 dvd iso rw r r 1 root root 2530611200 Aug 2 13 03 root Enterprise R4 U4 x86_ 64 dvd iso Create a logical volume which will be used as the guest disk image lvcreate L8G n el4u4 VolGroup00 Run the virt install command line tool to create a hardware virtualized machine domU and install the Oracle Enterprise Linux operating system Creating a Guest 4 1
9. databases and related documentation and technical data delivered to U S Government customers are commercial computer software or commercial technical data pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency specific supplemental regulations As such use duplication disclosure modification and adaptation of the Programs including documentation and technical data shall be subject to the licensing restrictions set forth in the applicable Oracle license agreement and to the extent applicable the additional rights set forth in FAR 52 227 19 Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights June 1987 Oracle USA Inc 500 Oracle Parkway Redwood City CA 94065 The Programs are not intended for use in any nuclear aviation mass transit medical or other inherently dangerous applications It shall be the licensee s responsibility to take all appropriate fail safe backup redundancy and other measures to ensure the safe use of such applications if the Programs are used for such purposes and we disclaim liability for any damages caused by such use of the Programs Oracle JD Edwards PeopleSoft and Siebel are registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation and or its affiliates Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners The Programs may provide links to Web sites and access to content products and services from third parties Oracle is not responsible for the availability of or any content provided on third
10. B 2 Components 2 1 Configuration file B 2 Configuration options B 3 Create guest A 3 Deployment D 2 Logfile B 2 Logfile options B 2 Management A 7 Repository 7 1 VNC Server options B 5 os type E 5 os variant E 5 ovsagent A 2 Command line tool 3 1 ovs makerepo script 7 2 ovs offlinerepo script 7 2 ovsrepositories daemon 7 1 P Paravirtualization Overview 2 2 Paravirtualized guest Converting Oracle Enterprise Linux 4 Update 4 guest 4 11 Creating 4 7 Creating using virt install 4 4 Paravirtualized machine Glossary 2 Preferred Server Glossary 2 Q OEMU E 6 Glossary 2 R repositories file 7 1 repositories options file 7 1 Repository 7 1 Adding a repository 7 1 Daemon 7 1 Mount options 7 1 Removing 7 1 S Server Pool Glossary 2 Server Pool Master Glossary 2 Server Pool Master Agent D 1 Shared virtual disk 6 1 System Clock Setting E 5 Index 2 I timer mode E 5 U usr lib ovs ovs makerepo script 7 2 usr lib ovs ovs offlinerepo script 7 2 Utility Server Glossary 3 Utility Server Agent D 1 V vif Glossary 3 virt install A 3 Command line tool 4 1 Virtual disk 6 1 Glossary 3 Virtual Machine Glossary 3 Virtual machine management D 2 Virtual Machine Manager Glossary 3 Virtual Machine Server D 1 Glossary 3 Virtual Machine Server Agent D 1 Virtual machine template Glossary 3 Virtual Network Interface Glossary 3 VM CGloss
11. D 1 Oracle VM Agent Deployment D 2 Oracle VM Agent Deployment Oracle VM Manager communicates with Oracle VM Agent to perform management of virtual machines and server pools There are a number of configuration options you can use when deploying Oracle VM The Server Pool Master Utility Server and Virtual Machine Server can be on the same computer The Server Pool Master and Utility Server can be on the same computer and the Virtual Machine Server can be on another computer a All three server agent components can be on separate computers Figure D 2 Oracle VM deployment shows the deployment options for managing Oracle VM servers Figure D 2 Oracle VM deployment Oracle VM Utility Server Virtual Machine Server Oracle VM Server Server Pool 1 A server pool consists of one or more physical servers and represents a logical view of Server Pool Master Oracle VM Manager P Server Pool Master Utility Server uh gt p t c 9 S o Ss J AR A ES o S Ele n Virtual Machine Server s Oracle VM Server Server Pool 2 s e Sg Oracle VM MO Repository Sm p lt Server Pool Master M pus Ss TR h 3 s P Sle Sw Utility Server S CJN i Virtual Machine Server s Oracle VM Server Server Pool 3 the storage where the guests reside In Figure D 2 Oracle VM deployment Server Pool 3 is deployed on individual servers while
12. a console in the Grub boot loader add the following lines before the first title lineinthe etc grub conf file serial unit 0 speed 9600 word 8 parity no stop 1 terminal timeout 10 serial console Troubleshooting E 7 Attaching to a Console with the Grub Boot Loader E 8 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Glossary Domain A configurable set of resources including memory virtual CPUs network devices and disk devices in which virtual machines run A domain is granted virtual resources and can be started stopped and rebooted independently See also dom0 and domU domO An abbreviation for domain zero The management domain with privileged access to the hardware and device drivers Dom0 is the first domain started by the Oracle VM Server at boot time Dom0 has more privileges than domU It can access the hardware directly and can manage the device drivers for other domains It can also start new domains domU An unprivileged domain with no direct access to the hardware or device drivers Each domU is started by Oracle VM Server in dom0 The xm command line tool is used to interact with each domU Guest A guest operating system that runs within a domain in Oracle VM Server A guest may be paravirtualized or hardware virtualized Multiple guests can run on the same Oracle VM Server Hardware virtualized machine A virtual machine with an unmodified guest operating system It is not recompiled for
13. capable of creating a hardware virtualized guest the following question is displayed Would you like a fully virtualized guest yes or no Creating a hardware fully virtualized guest allows you to run unmodified operating systems such as Microsoft Windows Enter no to create a paravirtualized guest or enter yes to create a hardware virtualized guest Press Enter The following question is displayed What is the name of your virtual machine This is the label that identifies the guest It is used as the guest s configuration file name and stored as etc xen name This label is also used with a number of xm commands Enter the name of the guest for example enter myguest The configuration file is created Press Enter The following question is displayed How much RAM should be allocated in megabytes Setting the RAM to a value less than 256 megabytes is not recommended You are prompted to enter the RAM to allocate to the guest RAM is allocated solely to the guest and not taken from dom0 To check the amount of RAM available on your computer run the xm info command and review the free_ memory column Free memory is displayed in Megabytes This is the total amount of RAM that can be allocated to guests Enter the amount of RAM to be allocated for the guest in Megabytes for example enter 256 Press Enter The following question is displayed What would you like to use as the disk path The guest sees the disk stor
14. control to the console xm shutdown w mydomain Command Line Tools A 9 xm top Displays real time monitoring information of the host and domains xm top unpause domain id Unpauses a paused domain xm unpause mydomain A 10 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Oracle VM Server Configuration File This Appendix contains information on the entries in the Oracle VM Server configuration file It contains Oracle VM Server Configuration File Oracle VM Server Configuration File B 1 Oracle VM Server Configuration File Oracle VM Server Configuration File Logfile Options This section contains information on configuring Oracle VM Server using the configuration file The configuration file options are available in the etc xen xend config sxp file When you make changes to this file you must restart Oracle VM Server for the changes to take effect logfile location Specifies the location of the Oracle VM Server log which contains detailed information on guest start up shut down configuration and error conditions The default location is var log xen xend log logfile var log xen xend log loglevel CRITICAL or FATAL ERROR WARN or WARNING INFO DEBUG Sets the level of verbosity for the logfile parameter The default is DEBUG loglevel DEBUG Oracle VM Server API Options xen api server access method access method for local access unix authtype access me
15. do_rpc py utility to remotely start a guest on an Oracle VM Server from another computer with Oracle VM Server installed The following command remotely starts a guest on an Oracle VM Server opt ovs agent 2 2 utils do rpc py https username password hostname 8899 start_vm OVS running_pool guest Where username and password refer to the Oracle VM Agent login credentials hostname refers to the host name of the computer on which Oracle VM Agent is installed and guest refers to the name of the guest If the guest starts without error the following is displayed start vm OVS running pool guest gt success ip 10 1 1 1 3 4 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Oracle VM Agent Utilities 3 7 3 Remotely Stopping a Guest with the Oracle VM Agent API You can use the do_rpc py utility to remotely stop a guest on an Oracle VM Server from another computer with Oracle VM Server installed The following command remotely stops a guest on an Oracle VM Server opt ovs agent 2 2 utils do rpc py https username password hostname 8899 stop vm OVS running_pool guest Where username and password refer to the Oracle VM Agent login credentials hostname refers to the host name of the computer on which Oracle VM Agent is installed and guest refers to the name of the guest If the guest stops without error the following is displayed stop vm OVS running_pool guest gt success 3 8 Oracle VM Agent Utilities A number of utility scr
16. hardware virtualized guest Both drivers contain the device emulation code to support hardware virtualized guests For hardware virtualized guests type can be either ioemu or net front The default is ioemu You cannot use this parameter for paravirtualized guests For paravirtualized guests the default is net front and cannot be changed virt install vif type ioemu xargs extra args args Any additional arguments to pass to the installer with a paravirtualized guest d debug Prints debugging information A 6 Oracle VM Server User s Guide xm xm Options The Oracle VM Server management command line management tool xm creates destroys manages and migrates guests This section contains a brief explanation of some of the more common xm commands For full documentation use the xm help long command The xm command line tool requires the xend daemon to be started Enter parameters to the xm command line tool in the format xm option argument See Chapter 5 Domain Monitoring and Administration for examples on using the xm command line tool console domain id Attaches to a domain s console xm console mydomain create c config file name value Creates a domain based on the entries in the config file Entering the c parameter attaches to the domain s console when the domain is created and started You can also enter name value pairs to override variables in the conf
17. install vncport 5900 sdl Use SDL Simple DirectMedia Layer for graphics support virt install sdl nographics Do not use a graphical console for the guest virt install nographics noautoconsole Do not automatically connect to the guest console virt install noautoconsole kvalue keymap value Set up keyboard mapping for the graphical console If none is given the keymap is automatically set to the local keymap virt install de accelerate Use kernel acceleration capabilities virt install accelerate connect URI Connect to hypervisor with URI virt install connect test default v hvm Sets the guest as being a fully virtualized guest virt install v c CD ROM CD ROMz CD ROM Sets the file to use a virtual CD ROM device for fully a virtualized guest os type type Sets the operating system type for a fully virtualized guest Possible values are windows unix other and linux virt install os type windows A 4 Oracle VM Server User s Guide virt install os variant variant Sets the operating system variant for a fully virtualized guest for example fedora6 rhel5 solaris10 win2k or vista This parameter should be used with the os type parameter The following table lists the possible values available for os variant for each os type option Possible values for Possible values for Possible values for Possible values for os type
18. manage Oracle VM Server pools Manages virtual machine lifecycle including creating virtual machines from templates or from installation media deleting powering off uploading deployment and live migration of virtual machines Manages resources including ISO files templates and shared virtual disks Also provides an API via a web service to Oracle VM Server Paravirtualized machine A virtual machine with a kernel that is recompiled to be made aware of the virtual environment Runs at near native speed with memory disk and network access optimized for maximum performance Preferred Server A Virtual Machine Server that provides resources such as memory CPU network interface cards NICs and disk to the virtual machine If you select only one Virtual Machine Server as the preferred server the virtual machine always starts from and runs on this server If you select multiple preferred servers each time the virtual machine starts it runs on the machine with the maximum available resources QEMU Also referred to as gemu dm which is the process name The virtualization process which allows full virtualization of a PC system within another PC system Server Pool Logically an autonomous region that contains one or more physical Oracle VM Servers Presents a unified view of the storage where the virtual machines reside and groups the users of these virtual machines into a single community called a group in which each user is a serv
19. parameters in the guest configuration file The following example is a VNC configuration entry in a paravirtualized guest configuration file vfb type vnc vncunused 1 vnclisten 0 0 0 0 vncpasswd mypassword Troubleshooting E 3 Cannot Display Graphical Installer When Creating Guests The following example as a VNC configuration entry in a hardware virtualized guest configuration fie vnc 1 vnc 1 enabled 0 disabled vncconsole 1 vncconsole 1 enables spawning VNC viewer for domain s console Default 0 vnclisten 0 0 0 0 Address that should be listened on for the VNC server if VNC is set Default if vnc 0 is to use vnc listen setting from etc xen xend config sxp vncpasswd mypassword VNC password vncunused 1 vncunused 1 find an unused port for the VNC server to listen on Default 1 In this example the vncunused 1 parameter allocates a new VNC port number each time a guest is created and assigns it to the guest Port numbers are allocated starting at the default VNC port number of 5900 so dom1 is allocated port 5900 dom2 is allocated port 5901 dom3 port 5902 and so on Connect to the guest on the host computer with the command vncviewer Shared ipaddress port The Shared parameter enables you to share the VNC connection If you do not include this parameter another user may destroy your VNC session if they connect at the same time Connect from a remote computer with a VNC viewer using the co
20. party Web sites You bear all risks associated with the use of such content If you choose to purchase any products or services from a third party the relationship is directly between you and the third party Oracle is not responsible for a the quality of third party products or services or b fulfilling any of the terms of the agreement with the third party including delivery of products or services and warranty obligations related to purchased products or services Oracle is not responsible for any loss or damage of any sort that you may incur from dealing with any third party Contents PAGO a IATA vii AU A A cee vii Documentation Accessibility eese pei eene nenne corona raro nennen nennen vii Command Syntax a a nete oreet tae eb t e reitera rete C ipee ete etie en iere eb tlle ela iod viii Related as A cmd mies viii CONVENTIONS 2 qve bee tnis alain e Ee Eae socias ix 1 Introduction to Virtualization 1 1 Mhatis Virtualization ubera de HERR e e Ee LER HE da DDR ER ERR GERA 1 1 1 2 Why Virtualize erret eee e de an eere denen nte pe 1 1 1 3 Xen1M Technology ete tert eee eo duced oa ete se etel 1 2 1 4 Oracle MM s eet eR Te bete Ad EE ERE EHE Dees 1 2 2 Oracle VM Server 2 1 Oracle VM Servern e RR RR ee Te t EE Ap ER ENS 2 1 2 2 LIypetviSOf 4 eae ee eri e ee I ide tr tie ie i ee i ertet e eaters 2 2 2 8 Domains Guests and Virtual Machines cccccccccsccssceesecesscesseeescessecesaeceseecsseeeaseeeseeseeeese
21. script network bridge vif script vif bridge vif route vif nat Sets the script used to control virtual interfaces The default is to use the value of vif bridge vif script vif bridge vif script vif route vif script vif nat B 4 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Oracle VM Server Configuration File dom0 min mem memory Sets the minimum memory level in Megabytes that dom0 can use The default is 196 dom0 min mem 256 dom0 cpus CPUs Sets the number of CPUs that dom0 can use Setting it to 0 allows dom0 to use all CPUs on the computer The default is 0 dom0 cpus 0 enable dump yes no Sets whether to core dump when a domain crashes The default is no enable dump no external migration tool tool Sets the tool to be used for initiating virtual TPM Trusted Platform Module migration The default is an empty string external migration tool VNC Server Options vnc listen por The port on which to listen for the hardware virtualized VNC Server Setting the port to 0 0 0 0 allows access from all hosts Setting the port to localhost restricts access to only the local host The default is 127 0 0 1 vnc listen 0 0 0 0 vncpasswd passwd Sets the password to use for hardware virtualized VNC Server connections The password is the global default for all hardware virtualized guests You can set to use no password with an empty string as the value The default is an empty string no password
22. system for the guest may be populated in a number of ways 1 Copying the root file system of dom0 Installing an operating system To copy the root file system of dom0 mount the guest root partition to mnt mount t lt File system type gt lt Guest Root Partition gt mnt Copy the root file system from dom0 to domU rsync avH boot mnt rsync avH root mnt rsync avH dev mnt rsync avH var mnt rsync avH etc mnt rsync avH usr mnt rsync avH bin mnt rsync avH sbin mnt rsync avH lib mnt If your computer is a 64 bit computer enter rsync avH lib64 mnt Then continue for all computers rsync avH selinux mnt mkdir mnt proc sys home tmp chmod 777 mnt tmp funmount mnt Install an operating system This may be done a number of ways Install an Oracle VM Server enabled operating system from CD ROMs Install an Oracle VM Server enabled operating system from a network drive or PXE Preboot Execution Environment install After you create the root file system for the guest modify the guest configuration files to reflect its configuration For example update etc hosts etc fstab and any network configuration files 4 6 3 Configuring the Guest You must modify the guest configuration files To modify the guest configuration files 1 Edit mnt etc fstab to reflect the mounted file system in the guest dev sdal ext3 defaults 1 1 none dev pts dev
23. the guest configuration file for example vnc 1 vnclisten 0 0 0 0 Paravirtualized guests use the VNC virtual frame buffer in the guest configuration file for example vfb type vnc vncunused 1 vnclisten 0 0 0 0 vncpasswd mypassword VNC settings defined in the guest configuration file override the settings in the Oracle VM Server configuration file For example if the following is specified in a hardware virtualized guest configuration file vnc 1 vnclisten 0 0 0 0 vncpassword mypassword The values set in the guest configuration file are used for VNC access rather than any corresponding values set in the Oracle VM Server configuration Note Setting vnclisten to 0 0 0 0 sets VNC to allow access to any computer This may compromise security on the host computer If the following is specified in a hardware virtualized guest configuration file vne 1 VNC is enabled in the guest and the vnclisten parameter is used from the Oracle VM Server configuration file If vnclisten is not specified in the Oracle VM Server configuration file a default value of 127 0 0 1 is used If the following is specified in the hardware virtualized guest configuration file vnc 0 VNC access to the guest is disabled Setting the default configuration options for VNC access in the Oracle VM Server configuration file enables you to configure access for all guests and then individually override VNC access by setting the VNC
24. the virtual environment There may be substantial performance penalties running as a hardware virtualized guest Enables Microsoft Windows operating system to be run as well as legacy operating systems Hardware virtualization is only available on Intel VT or AMD SVM CPUs Host computer The physical computer on which Oracle VM Server is installed Hypervisor The hypervisor monitor or Virtual Machine Manager VMM It is the only fully privileged entity in the system It controls only the most basic resources of the system including CPU and memory usage privilege checks and hardware interrupts Management domain See domo Glossary 1 Glossary 2 Oracle VM Agent An application installed with Oracle VM Server It communicates with Oracle VM Manager for management of virtual machines Oracle VM Manager manages the virtual machines running on Oracle VM Server by communicating with Oracle VM Agent It contains three components Server Pool Master Utility Server and Virtual Machine Server Oracle VM Server A self contained virtualization environment designed to provide a lightweight secure server based platform for running virtual machines Oracle VM Server is based upon an updated version of the Xen hypervisor technology Includes Oracle VM Agent to enable communication with Oracle VM Manager Oracle VM Manager Provides the user interface which is a standard ADF Application Development Framework web application to
25. windows os type unix os type other os type linux win2k3 solaris9 netware6 generic24 win2k solaris10 generic generic26 vista freebsd6 netware4 rhel2 1 winxp openbsd4 msdos fedora7 64 netware5 el5 64 fedora6 fedora7 fedora5 centos5 64 generic26 64 centos5 sles10 sles10_64 el4 64 rhel4 rhel5 rhel4 64 rhel3 fedora6 64 rhel5 64 fedora5 64 el4 el5 Not all operating system variants are supported by Oracle for use with Oracle products but are made available for your convenience virt install os type windows os variant winxp noapic Disables APIC Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller for a fully virtualized guest Overrides the value set in os type and os variant arch arch Sets the CPU architecture to simulate virt install arch x86 Command Line Tools A 5 virt install p paravirt Sets the guest as being a paravirtualized guest llocation locationz ocation Sets the installation source for a paravirtualized guest for example nfs host path http host path or ftp host path virt install lhttp example com path vif type type Sets the virtual network interface type for hardware virtualized guests The netfront driver is a paravirtualized driver which can be used with a paravirtualized guest or with a hardware virtualized guest with the proper paravirtualized drivers installed The ioemu driver is a hardware virtualized driver and can only be used with a
26. xen xend config sxp vnc listen 127 0 0 1 to vnc listen 0 0 0 0 then from any machine do vncviewer your dom0 ip or hostname gt to see vnc console C 2 Oracle VM Server User s Guide D Oracle VM Agent Architecture This Appendix contains more detailed information on the architecture and deployment options for the Oracle VM Agent It contains a Oracle VM Agent Architecture a Oracle VM Agent Deployment D 1 Oracle VM Agent Architecture Oracle VM Agent is installed with Oracle VM Server Oracle VM Manager manages the virtual machines running on Oracle VM Server through the Oracle VM Agent Three types of agents are implemented Server Pool Master This acts as the contact point to the outside world of Oracle VM Server and dispatches to other Oracle VM Agents It also provides virtual machine host load balance and local persistency of Oracle VM Server information Utility Server This mainly focuses on creating removing migrating and so on of I O intensive operations a Virtual Machine Server The virtual machine server This is the daemon for Oracle VM Server virtual machines Virtual Machine Server can start and stop virtual guests It also collects performance data for the host and guest operating systems Acts as a hypervisor for domUs Figure D 1 Oracle VM Agent Oracle VM Server Oracle VM Agent Host Hardware CPU Memory Network Disk Oracle VM Agent Architecture
27. xm migrate mydomain example com live new config file option name value Adds a domain to Oracle VM Server domain management You can set domain creation parameters with a number of command line options a Python script with the defconfig parameter or an SXP configuration file the config parameter You can set configuration variables with name value pairs for example vmid 3 sets vmid to 3 The config file parameter is the location of the domain configuration file The option parameter is one or more of the following h help Displays help on the command help config Prints the available configuration variables for the configuration script q quiet Quiet path path Searches the location given in path for configuration scripts The value of pathis a colon separated directory list f file defconfig file Uses the given Python configuration script The script is loaded after arguments have been processed Each command line option sets a configuration variable named after its long option name and these variables are placed in the environment of the script before itis loaded Variables for options that may be repeated have list values Other variables can be set using name value on the command line After the script is A 8 Oracle VM Server User s Guide xm loaded values that were not set on the command line are replaced by the values set in the script F file con
28. 1 Converting a Hardware Virtualized Guest to a Paravirtualized Guest virt install n el4u4 f dev VolGroup00 el4u4 v c root Enterprise R4 U4 x86_64 dvd iso r 512 vnc If you see this error message main unable to connect to host Connection refused 111 You need to run VNCViewer to reconnect to the guest console vncviewer 0 4 The Oracle Enterprise Linux install begins From the installation choices select the following Installation type Server Package selection Default Partition layout type Make sure the guest has a single root partition Do not configure the virtual disk using LVM Do not create a swap partition or other partitions mounted at other locations such as usr or boot Firewall Disable SELinux Disable Network Configure the network settings for either DHCP or a fixed IP address 5 When the Oracle Enterprise Linux installation is complete reboot the guest If the guest does not restart automatically use the xm command line tool to restart it for example xm list Name ID Mem VCPUS State Time s Domain 0 0 944 2 r 5670 8 xm create el4u4 Using config file etc xen el4u4 Started domain el4u4 vncviewer 0 6 Take note of the guest IP address or hostname if assigned via DHCP Copy the domU kernel for Oracle Enterprise Linux 4 Update 4 which can be found in the directory extra kernels ELAUAPV 64 on the Oracle VM Server installation CD ROM to the guest cd extr
29. 2 0 742 0 5 e15 1386 rpm Start the iSCSI service service iscsi start Run discovery on the iSCSI target In this example the target is 10 1 1 1 iscsiadm m discovery t sendtargets p 10 1 1 1 This command returns output similar to 10 1 1 1 3260 5 iqn 1992 04 com emc cx apm00070202838 a2 10 1 1 1 3260 6 iqn 1992 04 com emc cx apm00070202838 a3 10 2 1 250 3260 4 iqn 1992 04 com emc cx apm00070202838 b1 Domain Live Migration 6 1 Creating a Shared Virtual Disk for Live Migration 10 11 10 1 0 249 3260 1 iqn 1992 04 com emc cx apm00070202838 a0 10 1 1 249 3260 2 iqn 1992 04 com emc cx apm00070202838 a1 10 2 0 250 3260 3 iqn 1992 04 com emc cx apm00070202838 b0 Delete entries that you do not want to use for example iscsiadm m node p 10 2 0 250 3260 3 T iqn 1992 04 com emc cx apm00070202838 b0 o delete iscsiadm m node p 10 1 0 249 3260 1 T iqn 1992 04 com emc cx apm00070202838 a0 o delete iscsiadm m node p 10 2 1 250 3260 4 T iqn 1992 04 com emc cx apm00070202838 b1 o delete iscsiadm m node p 10 1 1 249 3260 2 T iqn 1992 04 com emc cx apm00070202838 a1 o delete iscsiadm m node p 10 0 1 249 3260 5 T iqn 1992 04 com emc cx apm00070202838 a2 o delete Verify that only the necessary entries are visible iscsiadm m node Review the partitions by checking proc partitions cat proc partitions major minor blocks name 8 0 71687372 sda 8 1 104391 sdal 8 2 71577607 sda2 253 0 7051
30. 4 2 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Creating a Guest Using a Template 4 2 Mounting an ISO You cannot create a guest from a local hard disk or CD ROM using the virt install command line tool You can however create an installation tree on the host operating system and mount it as an NFS share For example mkdir p el EL5 x86 mount o ro loop path to Enterprise R5 x86 dvd iso el EL5 x86 exportfs el EL5 x86 When you create the guest using the virt install command line tool enter the installation location as nfs example com el EL5 x86 Similarly to set up an installation tree that can be accessed via HTTP on a server named example com enter cd var www html mkdir EL5 x86 mount o ro loop path to Enterprise R5 x86 dvd iso EL5 x86 When you create the guest using the virt install command line tool enter the installation location as http example com EL5 x86 4 3 Enabling Registration of Guests with Oracle VM Manager You can create a guest in Oracle VM Server and manage it using Oracle VM Manager To add guests created with the virt install command line tool or created manually you must create the guests with the following configuration 1 Create a directory for your guest for example mkdir OVS running pool myguest The name of the directory should be the same as the guest name 2 Create the disk image under the new directory The guest is ready to import into Oracle VM Manager 4 4 Creatin
31. 6736 dm 0 253 1 1048576 dm 1 Restart the iSCSI service Service iscsi restart Review the partitions by checking proc partitions A new device is listed cat proc partitions major minor blocks name 8 0 71687372 sda 8 1 104391 sdal 8 2 71577607 sda2 253 0 70516736 dm 0 253 1 1048576 dm 1 8 16 1048576 sdb The new device can now be used fdisk 1 dev sdb Create a new directory named etc ocfs2 directory mkdir etc ocfs2 Create the OCSF2 configuration file as etc ocfs2 cluster conf The following is a sample cluster conf file node ip port 7777 ip address 10 1 1 1 number 0 name examplel com cluster ocfs2 6 2 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Creating a Shared Virtual Disk for Live Migration 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 node ip_port 7777 ip_address 10 1 1 2 number 1 name example2 com cluster ocfs2 cluster node_count 2 name ocfs2 Review the status of the OCFS2 cluster service service o2cb status Load the OCFS2 module service o2cb load Set the OCFS2 service to be online service o2cb online Configure the OCFS2 service to start automatically when the computer boots service o2cb configure Start up the OCFS2 service service o2cb start Format the shared virtual disk from any of the servers in the cluster mkfs ocfs2 dev sdhl Mount the shared virtual disk from all the servers in the cluster on OVS remote mount dev sd
32. Guest Operating Systems enne 4 1 4 2 Mounting an ISOs in eas eo ieri a aa a a aaia b dal idee nue 4 3 4 3 Enabling Registration of Guests with Oracle VM Manager ssssssseeee 4 3 4 4 Creating a Guest Using a Template sse ee eee nennen 4 3 4 5 Creating a Guest Using virt install oonocicicionnnnoninnononornnnoncononinnononcnnoniononinnono enn enne 4 4 4 6 Creating a Paravirtualized Guest Manually seen nen 4 7 4 6 1 Creating the Root File System tee edet deinde ere heit 4 7 4 6 2 Populating the Root File System eese eee eee nennen 4 8 4 6 3 Contiguring the GuebE eee rre tr ec eee e int eee e eene ee 4 8 4 7 Creating a Hardware Virtualized Guest Manually sss 4 9 4 8 Converting a Hardware Virtualized Guest to a Paravirtualized Guest 4 11 4 9 Creating a Paravirtual Guest with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 8 or 3 9 4 14 4 10 Installing Paravirtual Drivers eene nennen isenip 4 14 Domain Monitoring and Administration 5 1 Domain Titel pits 5 1 5 2 Using the xm Command Line Interface esses eee 5 1 5 2 1 Monitoring Domains sse eren enn enn nne e nnne nennen enne 5 2 5 2 2 Viewing Host Information sse nnne netiis 5 2 Domain Live Migration 6 1 Creating a Shared Virtual Disk for Live Migration sse 6 1 6 1 1 Creating a Shared Virtual Disk Using OCFS2 on iSCSl
33. Hat Enterprise Linux 5 x 1 The xm save and xm restore commands are not supported Oracle Enterprise Linux kernels are available on the Oracle VM Server CD for Release 3 Update 9 and Release 4 Update 4 onwards The kernels are also available on the Oracle Enterprise Linux Network ULN Table 4 2 32 bit Hypervisor Supported Guest Operating Systems Guest Operating Systems Paravirtualized 32 bit Hardware Virtualized 32 bit RedHat Enterprise Linux 3 x Yes Yes Oracle Enterprise Linux Release 4 x Yes Yes RedHat Enterprise Linux 4 x Oracle Enterprise Linux Release 5 x Yes Yes RedHat Enterprise Linux 5 x The following guest operating systems have been tested and no issues have been found other than as stated in the Oracle VM documentation Table 4 3 Tested Guest Operating Systems Guest Operating Systems Hardware Virtualized 32 bit Hardware Virtualized 64 bit Microsoft Windows 2000 Yes Yes Microsoft Windows 2003 Yes Yes Microsoft Windows XP Pro Yes Yes Microsoft Windows Vista Yes Yes There are a number of ways to create virtual guests Using a template Using the virt install command line tool interactively Using the virt install command line tool and passing all parameters at the same time from the command line a Manually Before you create a guest you should have access to a guest installation tree or a guest template You will also need a host IP address and a hostname
34. Manager VMM See Hypervisor Virtual Machine Server A component of Oracle VM Agent An application which runs Oracle VM Server virtual machines It can start and stop virtual machines and collect performance data for the host and guest operating systems Enables communication between the Server Pool Master Utility Server and Virtual Machine Servers There can be more than one Virtual Machine Server in a server pool A physical server can perform as the Server Pool Master Utility Server and Virtual Machine Server simultaneously Virtual Machine Template A template of a virtual machine Contains basic configuration information such as the number of CPUs memory size hard disk size and network interface card NIC Create virtual machines based on a virtual machine template using Oracle VM Manager VMM See Virtual Machine Manager VMM Xen The Xen hypervisor is a small lightweight software virtual machine monitor for x86 compatible computers The Xen hypervisor securely executes multiple virtual machines on one physical system Each virtual machine has its own guest operating system with almost native performance The Xen hypervisor was originally created by researchers at Cambridge University and derived from work done on the Linux kernel Glossary 3 Glossary 4 A Agent VM Server D 1 Anaconda installation tree 4 6 C Clock E 5 Setting E 5 Command line tools E 2 Converting hardware virtu
35. Modify the vif Virtual Network Interface setting in the vm cfg file to remove the fixed MAC address For example vif type ioemu mac 00 16 3e 73 a3 27 bridge xenbr0 Should be modified as follows vif type ioemu bridge xenbr0 Alternatively you could modify it to have no virtual interface vif 2 4 Modify the uuid Universally Unique Identifier setting in the vm cfg file For example uuid 8a87a97c 65ad 243 b373 20185c83053e Should be commented as follows uuid 8a87a97c 65ad 243 b373 20185c83053e 5 Modify any other settings you require in the vm cfg file For example memory or vepus virtual CPUs 6 To create and start the guest use the xm create command xm create vm cgf The guest is created and started 4 5 Creating a Guest Using virt install The following example shows how to create a paravirtualized or hardware virtualized guest using the virt install command line tool This procedure uses an interactive session You can also pass virt install parameters at the same time as command line options In particular kickstart options can be passed with virt install x ks options To create a paravirtualized or hardware virtualized guest interactively 1 Open a command line shell as root and start the interactive install process by running the virt install command line tool virt install 4 4 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Creating a Guest Using virt install If the host is
36. N italics Italic type indicates a variable Substitute a value for the variable library name vertical line A vertical line indicates a choice within braces or brackets FILE filesize K M Related Documents viii For more information see the following documents in the Oracle VM Release 2 1 1 documentation set a Oracle VM Quick Start Guide a Oracle VM Server Release Notes a Oracle VM Server Installation Guide Oracle VM Manager Release Notes a Oracle VM Manager Installation Guide Oracle VM Manager User s Guide You can also get the latest information on Oracle VM by going to the Oracle virtualization web site http www oracle com virtualization Conventions The following text conventions are used in this document Convention Meaning boldface Boldface type indicates graphical user interface elements associated with an action or terms defined in text or the glossary italic Italic type indicates book titles emphasis or placeholder variables for which you supply particular values monospace Monospace type indicates commands within a paragraph URLs code in examples text that appears on the screen or text that you enter 1 Introduction to Virtualization This Chapter provides introductory information on virtualization It discusses why you would want to use virtualization the technology provided and features of Oracle VM It contains the following sections a What is Virt
37. ORACLE Oracle VM Server User s Guide Release 2 1 1 E10898 02 February 2008 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Release 2 1 1 E10898 02 Copyright 2008 Oracle All rights reserved Primary Author Alison Holloway Contributing Authors Kurt Hackel Herbert van den Bergh Contributor Tatyana Bagerman Michael Chan The Programs which include both the software and documentation contain proprietary information they are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are also protected by copyright patent and other intellectual and industrial property laws Reverse engineering disassembly or decompilation of the Programs except to the extent required to obtain interoperability with other independently created software or as specified by law is prohibited The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice If you find any problems in the documentation please report them to us in writing This document is not warranted to be error free Except as may be expressly permitted in your license agreement for these Programs no part of these Programs may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical for any purpose If the Programs are delivered to the United States Government or anyone licensing or using the Programs on behalf of the United States Government the following notice is applicable U S GOVERNMENT RIGHTS Programs software
38. This Chapter contains information on managing Oracle VM Server repositories It contains Oracle VM Server Repositories 7 1 Oracle VM Server Repositories A repository is used for live migration of guests and for local storage A list of the Oracle VM Server repositories is in etc ovs repositories A configuration file for mounting repositories is in etc ovs repositories options You can add a repository using the ovs makerepo script and remove them using the ovs offlinerepo d script Repositories are managed by Oracle VM Agent If you need to manually manage the repository daemon you can use following commands etc init d ovsrepositories start stop status restart reload 7 1 1 Repository Configuration File A list of the Oracle VM Server repositories is in etc ovs repositories The format used in the repository file is uuid source The uuid parameter is the UUID Universally Unique Identifier of the repository The source parameter is the block device or NFS path to the file system used as a repository 7 1 2 Repository Mount Options You can create an optional repository option file which contains mount options for storage repositories The repository option file must be named etc ovs repositories options Managing Oracle VM Server Repositories 7 1 Oracle VM Server Repositories The format of this file is uuid options The uuid parameter is the UUID Universally Unique Identifier of the reposi
39. a kernels ELAUAPV 64 scp kernel xenU 2 6 9 42 32 0 0 1 EL x86 64 rpm 10 1 1 1 7 Login to the guest as root and replace the contents of the etc modprobe conf file with alias scsi hostadapter xenblk alias eth0 xennet 8 Install the kernel xenU RPM rpm ivh kernel xenU 2 6 9 42 32 0 0 1 EL x86 64 rpm warning kernel xenU 2 6 9 42 32 0 0 1 EL x86 64 rpm V3 DSA signature NOKEY key ID b38a8516 Preparing THHBHBEHEHERRHERHETHBIBHHEBBRBBHERHBHHEHHBRHBHBRRHBBHEHHHRE 100 1 kernel xenU AREA RRA RRE 10085 WARNING No module xenblk found for kernel 2 6 9 42 32 0 0 1 ELxenU continuing anyway 4 12 Oracle VM Server User s Guide 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Converting a Hardware Virtualized Guest to a Paravirtualized Guest Edit the boot grub grub conf file in the guest and change the default to point to this entry title Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux AS 2 6 9 42 32 0 0 1 ELxenU root hd0 0 kernel boot vmlinuz 2 6 9 42 32 0 0 1 ELxenU ro root LABEL initrd boot initrd 2 6 9 42 32 0 0 1 ELxenU img Shut down the guest Modify the host configuration file etc xen el4u4 to an entry similar to name el4u4 memory 512 disk phy dev VolGroup00 el4u4 hda w bootloader usr bin pygrub vcpus 1 on_reboot restart on_crash restart Restart the guest using the xm command line tool xm create c el4u4 The hardware configuration is displayed Remove th
40. ach domain such as domain name domain state CPU usage in seconds percentage of CPU memory in Kilobytes and so on For example an xm top command displays output similar to Kentop 19 31 55 Xen 3 1 1 t domains 1 running 3 blocked A paused B crashed B dying B shutdown em 4193568k total 4193492k used 76k free CPUs 4 2992MHz NAME STATE CPUCsec CPUCK MEMCK MEM MAXMEMCK MAXMEMCA UCPUS NETS NETTX k NETRX k UBDS UBD_00 UBD_RD UBD MR SSID 414724 I no limit na B a 4 4 4 524288 12 5 524288 a 2568 1584 a 3 8 2185216 58 2 2113536 a B B B KEN_ELS_X86_PUM b 1H48576 25 8 1848576 748 32836 51768 4 Melay Jetworks vllds CPUs peat header Sort order Thit Note that the format of each line of output wraps over two lines 5 2 2 Viewing Host Information Use the xm info xm log and xm dmesg commands to display information about the host computer For example the xm info command displays output similar to the following 5 2 Oracle VM Server User s Guide otal memory ree_memory Ken major Ken minor ken extra Ken_caps B6_32p hum 3 B x06_64 ken scheduler Ken _pagesize latform_params Ken changeset ca ostest224 us oracle com 2 6 18 8 1 6 8 15 el5xen 1 SMP Tue Oct 38 21 68 27 i666 4 1 z z 1 2992 bfebf bff 26168808 000689996 4895 B 3 1 1 xen 3 8 xB6 64 xen 3 0 x86_ credit 4896 virt start HxffBHHHHH unavailable gcc version 4 1 1 26878165 Using the xm Command Line Interfa
41. age allocated in virt install as a single virtual hard disk analogous to a physical hard disk This appears as hda and can be partitioned and managed in the guest exactly as if it were regular physical hardware Enter the absolute local path and file name of the file to serve as the disk image for the guest for example enter home myhome e15 This is exported as a full disk to your guest Press Enter If the file specified in the previous step does not exist the following question is displayed How large would you like the disk to be in gigabytes Enter the size of the virtual disk for the guest in Gigabytes For the purpose of this example enter 8 Gigabytes For example enter 8 Press Enter Creating a Guest 4 5 Creating a Guest Using virt install The following question is displayed Would you like to enable graphics support yes or no Graphics support determines whether a virtual graphics card is available to the guest If you are creating a hardware virtualized guest you should always answer yes to this question If you are creating a paravirtualized guest you can answer yes or no Press Enter The following question is displayed What is the install location This is the path to an Oracle VM Server installation tree in the format used by Anaconda NFS FTP and HTTP locations are all supported For example nfs example com path to tree http example com path to tree ftp example com path to tr
42. ain types of guests and access types but hardware virtualization also allows many Microsoft Windows operating systems and legacy operating systems to run unmodified 2 4 Management Domain Most of the responsibility of hardware detection in a Oracle VM Server environment is passed to the management domain referred to as domain zero or dom0 The dom0 kernel is actually a complete Linux kernel with support for a broad array of devices file systems and software RAID and volume management In Oracle VM Server the dom0 is tasked with providing access to much of the system hardware creating destroying and controlling guest operating systems and presenting those guests with a set of common virtual hardware 2 5 Domains Domains other than the management domain dom0 are referred to as domU These domains are unprivileged domains with no direct access to the hardware or device drivers Each domU is started by Oracle VM Server in dom0 2 6 Hardware Virtualization Vs Paravirtualization Oracle VM Server uses paravirtualization not binary translation That is the source code of the operating system is modified to support virtualization Binary translation is neither faster nor slower than hardware virtualization Whether binary translation or hardware virtualization is more efficient than paravirtualization depends on the implementation of the binary translation and hardware virtualization and the applications and operating system r
43. alized guest to paravirtualized guest 4 11 D Daemons Oracle VM Server repository 7 1 Deploying 3 3 DHCP E 2 dom0 Glossary 1 Explanation 2 3 Domain Glossary 1 domU Glossary 1 E etc ovs repositories file 7 1 etc ovs repositories options file 7 1 F Firewall Stopping E 7 G Guest Glossary 1 Configuration 4 8 Lifecycle 5 1 Management 5 1 D 2 Monitoring 5 1 Supported operating systems 4 1 Guest clock Setting E 5 Guest operating system Glossary 1 Index H Hardware virtualization Overview 2 2 Hardware virtualized guest Creating 4 9 Creating using virt install 4 4 Hardware virtualized machine Glossary 1 Host Monitoring 5 2 Host computer Glossary 1 Hypervisor 2 2 Glossary 1 Installation tree 4 6 iscsi initiator utils package 6 1 L Log Oracle VM Agent 3 1 Oracle VM Server E 2 M Management domain 2 3 Glossary 1 N NFS access blocked E 7 O OCFS2 6 1 Oracle Enterprise Linux 4 Update 4 Converting hardware virtualized guest to paravirtualized guest 4 11 Oracle VM 1 2 Overview 1 3 Oracle VM Agent 1 3 3 1 A 2 D 1 Glossary 2 Configuration 3 1 default user 3 1 Deployment 3 3 Install location 3 1 Install log 3 1 Log 3 1 Index 1 Monitoring 3 3 Server Pool Master D 1 Starting and stopping 3 3 Virtual Machine Server D 1 Oracle VM Manager 1 2 Glossary 2 Oracle VM Server Glossary 2 API B2 API options
44. anager User s Guide for information on setting up the management of virtual machines and server pools Oracle VM Agent Architecture D 3 Oracle VM Agent Deployment D 4 Oracle VM Server User s Guide E Troubleshooting This Appendix contains information on troubleshooting Oracle VM Server It contains Debugging Tools Using DHCP Guest Console Access Cannot Display Graphical Installer When Creating Guests Hardware Virtualized Guest Devices Not Working as Expected Setting the Guest s Clock Wallclock Time Skew Problems Mouse Pointer Tracking Problems Hardware Virtualized Guest Killed Hardware Virtualized Guest Devices Not Working as Expected Hardware Virtualized Guest Windows Installation TAP Disks with Paravirtualized Guests CD ROM Image Not Found Migrating Domains Attaching to a Console with the Grub Boot Loader E 1 Debugging Tools If domain creation fails check the Oracle VM Server log files and use the command line tools to help you find the cause of a problem There are a number of useful command line tools important directories and log files that you should check when troubleshooting problems with Oracle VM Server This section discusses Oracle VM Server directories Oracle VM Server log files Oracle VM Server command line tools E 1 1 Oracle VM Server Directories The important Oracle VM Server directories you should check when troubleshooting problems with Oracle VM Server are listed in Tabl
45. ardware virtualized guest then convert it to a paravirtualized guest 1 Create a hardware virtualized guest using Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 8 or 3 9 as shown in Section 4 5 Creating a Guest Using virt install 2 Switch the guest operating system network update server to the Oracle update server ULN by following the instructions at https linux oracle com switch html 3 Convert the hardware virtualized guest as shown in Section 4 8 Converting a Hardware Virtualized Guest to a Paravirtualized Guest 4 10 Installing Paravirtual Drivers Installing Oracle Enterprise Linux Release 4 Update 4 as a guest operating system may require that you install paravirtual drivers for your hardware This section lists the steps for installing these paravirtual drivers To install paravirtual drivers for Oracle Enterprise Linux guest operating systems 1 Download the paravirtual drivers from http www oracle com virtualization Untar the drivers to a temporary directory Modify the etc modprobe conf file to comment out existing eth0 line and add the following lines alias scsi hostadapter xen vbd alias eth0 xen vnif Run depmod Edit the etc xen xend config sxp file to replace the vif entry to vif 2p v5 Shut down the domain xm shutdown mydomain Start the domain xm create home myhome config When prompted by kudzu remove the old network configuration In the newly booted guest operating system run the follo
46. ary 3 VM management D 2 VM Server Glossary 3 VM Server Agent D 1 VMM Glossary 3 VNC access to guests E 2 W Wallclock Time Skew E 5 X Xen Glossary 3 Xen hypervisor 1 2 Glossary 3 xend config sxp configuration file B 2 xen independent wallclock Setting E 5 xm A 7 xm command 5 1 xm top command 5 2 XML RPC interface B 2
47. ation of virtual machines Import and manage ISOs Create and manage virtual machine templates Create and manage sharable hard disks 1 2 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Oracle VM a Oracle VM Server A self contained virtualization environment designed to provide a lightweight secure server based platform for running virtual machines Oracle VM Server is based upon an updated version of the underlying Xen hypervisor technology and includes Oracle VM Agent a Oracle VM Agent Installed with Oracle VM Server It communicates with Oracle VM Manager for management of virtual machines Figure 1 1 Oracle VM Architecture shows the components of Oracle VM Figure 1 1 Oracle VM Architecture Oracle VM Oracle VM Manager 9 Oracle VM Manager Repository Oracle VM Server This book discusses Oracle VM Server and the Oracle VM Agent See the Oracle VM Manager Installation Guide and the Oracle VM Manager User s Guide for information on installing and using Oracle VM Manager and managing Oracle VM Servers Introduction to Virtualization 1 3 Oracle VM 1 4 Oracle VM Server User s Guide 2 Oracle VM Server This Chapter contains an overview of Oracle VM Server and the underlying hypervisor the components of virtual machines and domains and gets you started with the tools to create and manage guests This Chapter contains Oracle VM Server Hypervisor Domains Guests and Virtual Machines Manag
48. ce EDT 2687 66606146 08B84e3bd BBBBBBBH H 32p hum 3 B8 x86 3Z hum 3 H x Red Hat 4 1 1 52 Domain Monitoring and Administration 5 3 Using the xm Command Line Interface 5 4 Oracle VM Server User s Guide 6 Domain Live Migration This Chapter discusses live migration of domains to other identical computers You must use identical computers to perform live migrations that is the computer make and model number must be identical To perform live migration of domains you must create a shared virtual disk before you perform the migration This Chapter contains Creating a Shared Virtual Disk for Live Migration Migrating a Domain 6 1 Creating a Shared Virtual Disk for Live Migration If you want to perform live migration of domains to other identical computers you must create a shared virtual disk to be used during the live migration You can set up a shared virtual disk in the following configurations OCFS2 Oracle Cluster File System using the iSCSI Internet SCSI network protocol OCFS2 using SAN Storage Area Network NFS Network File System This section discusses creating a shared virtual disk in these configurations 6 1 1 Creating a Shared Virtual Disk Using OCFS2 on iSCSI To create a shared virtual disk using OCFS2 on iSCSI 1 Install the iscsi initiator utils RPM The iscsi initiator utils RPM is available on the Oracle VM Server CDROM or ISO file rpm Uvh iscsi initiator utils 6
49. d virtual disk from all the servers in the cluster on OVS remote mount dev sdh1 OVS remote t ocfs2 Change the etc fstab file to include the shared virtual disk mounted at boot dev sdh OVS remote ocfs2 defaults 10 6 1 3 Adding a Shared Virtual Disk Using NFS To add a shared virtual disk using NFS 6 4 1 Find an NFS mount point to use This example uses the mount point mycomputer vol vol1 data ovs Add the following entry to the etc fstab file myfileserver vol voll data ovs OVS remote nfs rw bg intr hard timeo 600 wsize 32768 rsize 32768 nfsvers 3 tcp 0 0 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Migrating a Domain 3 Mount the shared virtual disk mount OVS remote 6 2 Migrating a Domain To migrate a domain from one computer to another identical computer 1 Create a shared virtual disk to use during the domain migration See Section 6 1 Creating a Shared Virtual Disk for Live Migration Each computer involved with the domain migration must have access to the shared virtual disk in the same way either as an NFS or a SAN virtual disk 2 On the Oracle VM Server that contains the existing domain migrate the domain to to the remote computer with the following command xm migrate mydomain myremotecomputer The domain is migrated to the remote computer Domain Live Migration 6 5 Migrating a Domain 6 6 Oracle VM Server User s Guide T Managing Oracle VM Server Repositories
50. dependently A guest is a virtualized operating system running within a domain A guest operating system may be paravirtualized or hardware virtualized Multiple guests can run on the same Oracle VM Server A virtual machine is a guest operating system and its associated application software Oracle VM Server guest operating systems may run in one of two modes paravirtualized or hardware virtualized In paravirtualized mode the operating system guest kernel is recompiled to be made aware of the virtual environment This allows the paravirtualized guest to run at near native speed since most memory disk and network accesses are optimized for maximum performance Figure 2 2 Virtual Machine Architecture Paravirtualized Paravirtualized Hardware Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Virtualized Virtual Machine do de Management Guest Operating Guest Operating Guest Operating Operating Management API Virtual Hardware API Hypervisor Host Hardware CPU Memory Network Disk If support for hardware virtualization is available either Intel VT or AMD SVM the guest operating system may run completely unmodified This hardware virtualized fully virtualized guest is carefully monitored and trapped by Oracle VM Server when 2 2 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Managing Domains any instruction is executed which would violate the isolation with other guests or domo0 In the current implementation there may be performance penalty for cert
51. e E 1 Oracle VM Server directories Troubleshooting E 1 Using DHCP Table E 1 Oracle VM Server directories Directory Purpose etc xen Contains Oracle VM Server configuration files for the Oracle VM Server daemon and virtualized guests etc xen scripts Contains networking related scripts var log xen Contains Oracle VM Server log files E 1 2 Oracle VM Server Log Files The Oracle VM Server log files you should check when troubleshooting problems with Oracle VM Server are listed in Table E 2 Oracle VM Server log files Table E 2 Oracle VM Server log files Log File Purpose xend log Contains a log of all the actions of the Oracle VM Server daemon Actions are normal or error conditions This log contains the same information as output using the xm log command xend debug log Contains more detailed logs of the actions of the Oracle VM Server daemon xen hotplug log Contains a log of hotplug events Hotplug events are logged if a device or network script does not start up or become available qemu dm pid log Contains a log for each hardware virtualized guest This log is created by the quemu dm process Use the ps command to find the pid process identifier and replace this in the file name E 1 3 Oracle VM Server Command Line Tools The Oracle VM Server command line tools you should use when troubleshooting problems with Oracle VM Server are listed in Table E 2 Oracle VM Server log files
52. e configuration for the network adapter and keyboard Log in to the guest and delete the etc sysconfig hwconf file Shut down the guest Modify the guest configuration file etc xen el4u4 to add a vif entry similar to name el4u4 memory 512 disk phy dev VolGroup00 el4u4 hda w vif bridge xenbr0 bootloader usr bin pygrub vcpus 1 on_reboot restart on_crash restart Start the guest and log in as root Run the command ifconfig eth0 Take note of the HWaddr MAC address Replace the contents of the etc sysconfig network scripts ifcfg ethO file with TYPE Ethernet DEVICE eth0 BOOTPROTO dhcp ONBOOT yes HWADDR XX XX XX XX XX XX Replace xx xx xx xx xx xx with the actual MAC address reported by the ifconfig command in the guest On the host edit the domU configuration file etc xen el4u4 and add the MAC address to the vif entry vif mac xx xx xx xx xx xx bridge xenbr0 Creating a Guest 4 13 Creating a Paravirtual Guest with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 8 or 3 9 18 Replace xx xx xx xx xx xx with the actual MAC address reported by the ifconfig command in the guest Start the guest with the xm create command for example xm create etc xen el4u4 The guest is now ready for use 4 9 Creating a Paravirtual Guest with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 8 or 3 9 A paravirtual guest cannot be created using Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 8 or 3 9 You must first create a h
53. e2000 1 serial pty Enable USB usb 1 usbdevice mouse See Appendix C Guest Configuration Files for a more configuration file examples Mount the guest root file system to mnt to enable you to modify the configuration files Edit mnt etc sysconfig network to specify the host name GATEWAY is same as dom0 Hostname is the name of the virtual machine for example mycomputer example com Make sure the name you use is unique and not being used by another computer NETWORKING yes HOSTNAME mycomputer example com GATEWAY 10 1 1 1 Edit the mnt etc hosts file to include the hostname and IP address Make sure that the IP address you use is unique and not being used by another machine 127 0 0 1 localhost localdomain localhost 10 1 1 1 mycomputer example com hostname Edit mnt etc sysconfig network scripts ifcfg eth0 4 10 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Converting a Hardware Virtualized Guest to a Paravirtualized Guest Use the same MAC address as you use for the vif If more than one MAC address is exported to the guest operating system you must configure more network interfaces for example eth1 eth2 The NETMASK and BROADCAST address must match the corresponding network interface in dom0 HWADDR is same as the MAC address in vif IPADDR is as in the mnt etc hosts file DEVICE eth0 BOOTPROTO static HWADDR 00 50 56 02 ff d3 IPADDR 10 1 1 1 NETMASK 255 255 254 0 BROADCAST 10 1 1 255 ONBOOT yes
54. ee The installation location must be a location on the network Itis not possible to perform the installation from a local disk or CD ROM However you can set up an installation tree on the host operating system and then export it See Section 4 2 Mounting an ISO Enter the path to an Oracle VM Server installation tree for example http example com EL5 x86 Press Enter The guest operating system installer starts If you enabled graphics support in Step 7 a VNC window is displayed and the graphical installer is displayed If you did not enable graphics support a text based installer is displayed For example a text based installation of Oracle Enterprise Linux displays gt root ca ostest210 Welcome to Enterprise Linux What language would you like to use during the installation process Catalan is Chinese Simplified Chinese Traditional Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English lt Tab gt lt Alt Tab gt between elements lt Space gt selects lt F12 gt next screen Follow the prompts to complete the guest operating system installation 4 6 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Creating a Paravirtualized Guest Manually 4 6 Creating a Paravirtualized Guest Manually To manually create a paravirtualized guest 1 Create the root file system 2 Populate the root file system 3 Configure the guest 4 6 1 Creating the Root File System To create the root file system 1 Create a root
55. ement Domain Domains Hardware Virtualization Vs Paravirtualization Creating Virtual Machines Managing Domains 2 1 Oracle VM Server Oracle VM Server includes an updated version of the underlying Xen hypervisor technology and the Oracle VM Agent It also includes a Linux kernel with support for a broad array of devices file systems and software RAID volume management The Linux kernel is run as dom0 to manage one or more domU virtual machines each of which could be Linux Solaris or Microsoft Windows Figure 2 1 Oracle VM Server shows the components of Oracle VM Server Figure 2 1 Oracle VM Server Oracle VM Server Hypervisor Host Hardware CPU Memory Network Disk Oracle VM Server 2 1 Hypervisor 2 2 Hypervisor Oracle VM Server is architected such that the hypervisor or monitor or Virtual Machine Manager is the only fully privileged entity in the system but is also extremely small and tightly written It controls only the most basic resources of the system including CPU and memory usage privilege checks and hardware interrupts 2 3 Domains Guests and Virtual Machines The terms domain guest and virtual machine are often used interchangeably but they have subtle differences A domain is a configurable set of resources including memory virtual CPUs network devices and disk devices in which virtual machines run A domain is granted virtual resources and can be started stopped and rebooted in
56. ens 2 2 2 4 Management Dodd iia rail egre td peii ripe PD ds 2 3 2 5 Domaths ii alii 2 3 2 6 Hardware Virtualization Vs Paravirtualization esee 2 3 2 7 Creating Virtual Machines asc hate apace eade e tete ueri 2 3 2 8 Managing Domains dnce en rci eei ee oen n nre i ree rien eiat 2 3 2 9 Configuring Oracle VM Server apoiaron n e eene nennen nenne nennen nennen 2 4 2 10 Managing Oracle VM Server Repositories esses eee enne 2 4 3 Oracle VM Agent 3 1 Oracle VM Agent Command Line Tool eee ne enne 3 1 3 2 Configuring Oracle VM Agent ien aee irri ei diete bride bit 3 1 3 3 Starting Oracle VM Ag tuto hi teet 3 3 3 4 Stopping Oracle VM Agent ice Hope tpe t ie ath ne EUR E eie tr eic e eee Pad 3 3 3 5 Monitoring Oracle VM Agent eene eene nnne 3 3 3 6 Deploying Oracle VM Agent tanien adim erre e re dete ete ee ee eere 3 3 3 7 Oracle VM Agent APh ert een Seca etate e neuter ede eerte een 3 3 3 7 1 Testing the Oracle VM Agent Connection sese eene nennen 3 4 3 7 2 Remotely Starting a Guest with the Oracle VM Agent API esee 3 4 4 3 7 3 Remotely Stopping a Guest with the Oracle VM Agent API sess 3 5 3 8 Oracle VM Agent Utilities e rete Ire ee rere ER teres deters ete tea 3 5 3 8 1 Monitoring a Guest with the Oracle VM Agent eee 3 5 3 8 2 Deleting a Guest with the Oracle VM Agent sese eee nene 3 5 Creating a Guest 4 1 Supported
57. er pool member Server Pool Master A component of Oracle VM Agent An application that acts as the contact point to Oracle VM Manager and to other Oracle VM Agents Provides virtual machine host load balancing and local persistency for Oracle VM Server There is only one Server Pool Master in a server pool A physical server can perform as the Server Pool Master Utility Server and Virtual Machine Server simultaneously Utility Server A component of Oracle VM Agent An application that handles I O intensive operations for virtual machines server pools and servers for example copying moving and renaming files There can be more than one Utility Server in a server pool A physical server can perform as the Server Pool Master Utility Server and Virtual Machine Server simultaneously vif A virtual network interface for bridging network interfaces between domUs and dom0 When a domU is started it is assigned a number This number is used to bridge the network interface from ethn to vifn 0 Virtual disk A file or set of files usually on the host file system although it may also be a remote file system that appears as a physical disk drive to the guest operating system Virtual Machine VM A guest operating system and the associated application software that runs within Oracle VM Server May be paravirtualized or hardware virtualized machines Multiple virtual machines can run on the same Oracle VM Server Virtual Machine
58. fig file Sets the domain configuration to use SXP SXP is the underlying configuration format used by Xen SXP configurations can be hand written or generated from Python configuration scripts using the dryrun option to print the configuration n dryrun Prints the resulting configuration in SXP but does not create the domain x xmldryrun Prints the resulting configuration in XML but does not create the domain s skipdtd Skips DTD checking and XML checks before domain creation This option is experimental and may slow down the creation of domains p paused Leaves the domain paused after it is created c console_autoconnect Connects to the console after the domain is created xm new home myhome myconfig pause domain id Pauses the execution of a domain xm pause mydomain reboot all wait domain id Reboots a domain The a11 parameter reboots all domains The wait parameter waits for the domain to reboot before returning control to the console xm reboot wait mydomain restore statefile Restores a domain from a saved state xm restore home myhome statefile save domain id statefile Saves a domain state so it can be restored at a later date xm save mydomain home myhome statefile shutdown a w domain id Shuts down a domain gracefully The a parameter shuts down all domains The w parameter waits for the domain to shut down before returning
59. g a Guest Using a Template You can create a guest using a template You can also register a template in Oracle VM Manager and use it to create guests See the Oracle VM Manager User s Guide for information about using templates with Oracle VM Manager A template is compressed as a tgz file A template must contain the basic guest configuration files vm cfg and system img Templates are often hosted on an FIP or HTTP server The following example shows you how to download an Oracle Enterprise Linux template from an HTTP server and use it to create a guest 1 Download the template into the a directory on the Oracle VM Server computer This example uses the directory OVS cd OVS seed pool wget http example com seeds OVM ELAU5 X86 HVM tgz Uncompress the template Creating a Guest 4 3 Creating a Guest Using virt install tar xzvf OVM_EL4U5_X86_HVM tgz 2 Modify the vm cfg file to change the directories to that of your environment The entries you should modify are image kernel and ramdisk For example disk file OVS seed pool para seed system img hda w kernel OVS seed pool para seed vmlinuz 2 6 9 42 32 0 0 1 ELxenU ramdisk OVS seed pool para seed initrd 2 6 9 42 32 0 0 1 ELxenU img Should be modified as follows disk file OVS local para seed system img hda w kernel OVS local para_seed vmlinuz 2 6 9 42 32 0 0 1 ELxenU ramdisk OVS local para_seed initrd 2 6 9 42 32 0 0 1 ELxenU img 3
60. ges to this file you must restart Oracle VM Server for the changes to take effect See Appendix B Oracle VM Server Configuration File for more information on the configuration options 2 10 Managing Oracle VM Server Repositories You can create new Oracle VM Server repositories for storage of ISOs guest and live migration See Chapter 7 Managing Oracle VM Server Repositories for more information 2 4 Oracle VM Server User s Guide 3 Oracle VM Agent Oracle VM Manager communicates with Oracle VM Agent to create and manage guests on an Oracle VM Server Oracle VM Agent is installed and configured during the installation of Oracle VM Server You do not need to install Oracle VM Agent separately Oracle VM Agent is installed into opt ovs agent 2 2 Installation logs are located in opt ovs agent 2 2 logs ovs_trace log This Chapter discusses the configuration and control of Oracle VM Agent It contains Oracle VM Agent Command Line Tool Configuring Oracle VM Agent Starting Oracle VM Agent Stopping Oracle VM Agent Monitoring Oracle VM Agent Deploying Oracle VM Agent a Oracle VM Agent API Oracle VM Agent Utilities See Appendix D Oracle VM Agent Architecture for more detailed information 3 1 Oracle VM Agent Command Line Tool The ovs agent command line tool allows you to configure and control Oracle VM Agent The following sections discuss using the ovs agent command line tool See o
61. h1 OVS remote t ocfs2 Change the etc fstab file to include the shared virtual disk mounted at boot dev sdh OVS remote ocfs2 defaults 10 6 1 2 Creating a Shared Virtual Disk Using OCFS2 on SAN To create a shared virtual disk using OCFS2 on SAN 1 Review the partitions by checking proc partitions cat proc partitions major minor blocks name 8 0 71687372 sda 8 1 104391 sdal 8 2 71577607 sda2 253 0 70516736 dm 0 253 1 1048576 dm 1 Determine the share disk volume you want to use Create a new directory named etc ocfs2 directory mkdir etc ocfs2 Domain Live Migration 6 3 Creating a Shared Virtual Disk for Live Migration 10 11 Create the OCSF2 configuration file as etc ocfs2 cluster conf The following is a sample cluster conf file node ip port 7777 ip address 10 1 1 1 number 0 name examplel com cluster ocfs2 node ip_port 7777 ip_address 10 1 1 2 number 1 name example2 com cluster ocfs2 cluster node_count 2 name ocfs2 Review the status of the OCFS2 cluster service service o2cb status Load the OCFS2 module service o2cb load Set the OCFS2 service to be online service o2cb online Configure the OCFS2 service to start automatically when the computer boots service o2cb configure Start up the OCFS2 service service o2cb start Format the shared virtual disk from any of the servers in the cluster mkfs ocfs2 dev sdhl Mount the share
62. ig file using the name value parameter xm c home myhome myconfig destroy domain id Immediately terminates a domain xm destroy mydomain dmesg clear Displays message buffer logs similar in format to the equivalent to the dmesg command in the Linux kernel The clear parameter clears the message buffer help long option Displays help on the xm command and its options The 1ong option displays full help on xm commands grouped by function Enter a command name as an option to the xm command to get help only on that command xm help long create info Displays information about the host computer xm info Command Line Tools A 7 xm list long abel domain id Displays information on all the running domains The 10ng option displays full information on running domains Enter the domain idas an option to the xm command to get information on only that domain or a set of domains xm list long mydomain log Displays logs similar in format to the equivalent for the Linux kernel The log file is located at var log xend log xm log migrate domain id host 1 live r MB resource MB Migrates a domain to another computer The domain id parameter is the domain to migrate The host parameter is the target computer The live parameter migrates the domain without shutting down the domain The resource parameter sets the maximum amount of Megabytes to be used
63. in Server Pool 1 all of the three agents are deployed on a single server Server Pool 2 shows a more typical deployment The Server Pool Master and Utility Server are on one computer and the Virtual Machine Server s are on another or multiple other computers This improves overall performance as guests running on the D 2 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Oracle VM Agent Deployment Virtual Machine Server s may consume a large proportion of resources and dedicated computers are often set aside for this In medium to large scale environments with more than just a few guests in a server pool it is recommended that the Server Pool Master and Utility Server functions reside together or individually on a separate and dedicated physical server that does not host any guests as illustrated in Server Pool 3 This is to prevent any significant Server Pool Master and Utility Server usage from impacting the performance of the workloads hosted in the guests The storage in Figure D 2 Oracle VM deployment is a mounted file system dedicated to the server pool and stores the guests external resources and other data files shared by servers on the server pool The decision on how to deploy Oracle VM Agent components is made with Oracle VM Manager You cannot configure this from Oracle VM Server You can set up Oracle VM Manager to manage your virtual machines in any of the configurations in Figure D 2 Oracle VM deployment See the Oracle VM M
64. ipts are included with Oracle VM Agent and you can use these to monitor and manage guests The utility scripts discussed in this section enable you to perform actions such as Monitoring a Guest with the Oracle VM Agent Deleting a Guest with the Oracle VM Agent 3 8 1 Monitoring a Guest with the Oracle VM Agent You can use the db k v py utility to monitor a guest To check the status of a guest enter opt ovs agent 2 2 db db kfv py vm guest status The status of the guest is displayed For example if the guest is not running the following is displayed OVS running pool guest status now gt DOWN 3 8 2 Deleting a Guest with the Oracle VM Agent You can use the db_de1 py utility to delete a guest To delete a guest enter opt ovs agent 2 2 db db del py database guest For example to delete a guest named myguest enter opt ovs agent 2 2 db db del py vm myguest The entries in OVS running pool myguest are removed and the guest deleted Oracle VM Agent 3 5 Oracle VM Agent Utilities 3 6 Oracle VM Server User s Guide 4 Creating a Guest This Chapter contains information on how to create a guest operating system You can create paravirtualized guests and hardware virtualized guests using a guest template or using the command line tool virt install virt install can be used as an interactive shell or all parameters can be given at the same time from the command line You can enter multi
65. ld remove this problem as it would take care of mapping virtual addresses to physical addresses and enable hardware virtualized guests direct access to the hardware E 11 Hardware Virtualized Guest Windows Installation During the installation of Microsoft Windows XP and Microsoft Windows 2003 as hardware virtualized guests the domain requires a reboot and attempts to find the installation CDROM Oracle VM Server does not know how to find the CDROM To workaround this problem 1 During the domain reboot press F6 or F5 to select a new HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer 2 Select Standard PC and add the CDROM to your guest configuration file for example add the following the etc xen myWindowsGuest file disk file ovm guests win2003sp1 dsk hda w file ovm trees ISO WIN en_ windows server 2003 with spi standard iso hdc cdrom r cdrom ovm trees ISO WIN en windows server 2003 with spl standard iso 3 Restart the hardware virtualized guest with the xm create command The installation continues E 6 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Attaching to a Console with the Grub Boot Loader E 12 TAP Disks with Paravirtualized Guests This release of Oracle VM Server does not support tap Disks with paravirtualized guests If you use tap disks you may encounter problems For example only one domain can be started and shut down before the blktapctrl process becomes unusable using tap sync or tap aio works once only If yo
66. les o eter rerit evene eter tere tee ed E 1 E 1 2 Oracle VM Server Log Piles iii Ier eite eerie eter ette ede E 2 E 1 3 Oracle VM Server Command Line Tools eese E 2 E 2 Using DACP itta ia teme dates teet ice Mero oo eie ibt e db cedes E 2 E 3 Guest Console Access i avis ie ctr Feet ceo pev ite i get c eie ie Geli e RE else E 2 E 4 Cannot Display Graphical Installer When Creating Guests sse E 4 E 5 Hardware Virtualized Guest Console Not Displayed sss E 4 E 6 Setting the Guest sS Clock nne ter ii i re Stel Matte er pir te oerte as E 5 E 7 Wallclock Time Skew Problems eese eene enne nnne nne nnne E 5 E 8 Mouse Pointer Tracking Problems sse eee enne nennen E 5 E 9 Hardware Virtualized Guest Killed essere eene nennen E 6 E 10 Hardware Virtualized Guest Devices Not Working as Expected sssss E 6 E 11 Hardware Virtualized Guest Windows Installation sse E 6 E 12 TAP Disks with Paravirtualized Guests sess eee E 7 E 3 CD ROM Image Not Pound nerit tree ifte drei e iata E 7 E 14 Firewall Blocks NFS Access cscsccssssecssscsssesscessesscessestssessesecossseesoesscesesesseesenscessestsenesenseess E 7 E 15 Migrating Domains oe here tirer e E E RERO e dao rehus E 7 E 16 Attaching to a Console with the Grub Boot Loader E 7 Glossary Index vi
67. lt is to allow all computers to access the computer For example to allow all computers in the domain example com enter example com Press Enter 4 You are prompted to enter the IP addresses that are denied access to the computer now allow example com deny deny Leave this field empty does not deny any IP addresses or enter to deny all IP addresses access to the computer Alternatively enter a list of IP addresses for which you want to deny access to the computer while allowing all others The default is to deny no computers access to the computer Press Enter 5 You are prompted whether you want to change the Oracle VM Agent password now deny would you like to modify password to communicate with agent y N Enter y to change the Oracle VM Agent password or N to continue without changing the password Press Enter 6 Restart Oracle VM Agent for the configuration changes to take effect service ovs agent restart 3 2 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Oracle VM Agent API 3 3 Starting Oracle VM Agent Oracle VM Agent is started automatically when the computer starts To manually start Oracle VM Agent enter service ovs agent start Oracle VM Agent is started Alternatively if Oracle VM Agent is already running you can stop and restart it with the command service ovs agent restart Oracle VM Agent is stopped and restarted 3 4 Stopping Oracle VM Agent To stop Oracle VM Agent enter service
68. ng updates In a virtualized operating system the hardware remains constant for as long as the virtual environment is in place regardless of any changes occurring in the real hardware including full replacement 1 3 Xen Technology The Xen hypervisor is a small lightweight software virtual machine monitor for x86 compatible computers The Xen hypervisor securely executes multiple virtual machines on one physical system Each virtual machine has its own guest operating system with almost native performance The Xen hypervisor was originally created by researchers at Cambridge University and derived from work done on the Linux kernel The Xen hypervisor has been improved and included with Oracle VM Server 1 4 Oracle VM Oracle VM is a platform that provides a fully equipped environment for better leveraging the benefits of virtualization technology Oracle VM enables you to deploy operating systems and application software within a supported virtualization environment The components of Oracle VM are Oracle VM Manager Provides the user interface which is a standard ADF Application Development Framework web application to manage Oracle VM Servers virtual machines and resources Use Oracle VM Manager to Create virtual machines from installation media or from a virtual machine template Delete virtual machines Power off virtual machines Upload virtual machines Deploy virtual machines Perform live migr
69. nnection string ipaddress port In both examples ipaddress is the IP address or hostname of the Oracle VM Server and port is the VNC port number of the guest E 4 Cannot Display Graphical Installer When Creating Guests If the graphical installer does not start when creating a guest using the virt install command line tool you should check your X11 configuration If you are using a console through an ssh Secure Shell connection connect to the console and set the DISPLAY environment variable for example ssh root example export DISPLAY example 0 0 Alternatively you can enable connect to a console and enable ssh forwarding using the ssh X command for example ssh X root example If you use Putty to connect to a console you must connect from an X11 capable operating system E 5 Hardware Virtualized Guest Console Not Displayed If a console is not displayed after you create a hardware virtualized guest your disk device specification may be incorrect When you create a hardware virtualized guest you must specify the VNC console setup This is not required for a paravirtualized guest E 4 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Mouse Pointer Tracking Problems E 6 Setting the Guest s Clock Paravirtualized guests may perform their own system clock management for example using the NTPD Network Time Protocol daemon or the hypervisor may perform system clock management for all guests You can set paravirtualized guests t
70. o manage their own system clocks by setting the xen independent wallclock parameter to 1 in the etc sysctl conf file For example Xen independent wallclock 1 If you want to set the hypervisor to manage paravirtualized guest system clocks set xen independent wallclock to 0 Any attempts to set or modify the time in a guest will fail You can temporarily override the setting in the proc file For example echo 1 proc sys xen independent wallclock Note This setting does not apply to hardware virtualized guests E 7 Wallclock Time Skew Problems Oracle VM Release 2 1 1 introduces the use of the timer mode parameter for hardware virtualized guests This parameter when properly applied can reduce or even eliminate problems with wallclock time skew in most hardware virtualized guests Wallclock time skew problems do not occur in paravirtualized guests Since the application of the correct value of the timer mode parameter can be difficult to determine you can pass the os type and os variant command line switches to virt install to select the best timer mode value for the guest operating system When you use these virt install parameters the correct timer mode value is automatically added to the guest configuration file For example to create an Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 64 bit guest add the following to the virt install command line virt install hvm os type linux os variant el5 64 For best res
71. omain from the stopped powered down state to the paused state or the running state From the running state a suspend action takes the domain to the suspended state and a resume operation takes it back to the running state The transition to and from the suspended state could also happen from the paused state A domain in the running state could go to the paused state through the pause command and return to the running state by the resume command A domain in the running state could transition into the stopped state through a clean or hard shut down 5 2 Using the xm Command Line Interface You can create destroy manage and migrate domains using the xm command line interface You can enter parameters to the xm command line tool in the format xm option argument For example to pause a domain enter xm pause mydomain Domain Monitoring and Administration 5 1 Using the xm Command Line Interface See xm in Appendix A Command Line Tools for detailed information on the xm command line interface 5 2 1 Monitoring Domains The xm top command performs real time monitoring of domain loads on a host The xm top command displays the following information The state of each domain The number of domains on the host Memory statistics of the host such as the total available memory the memory in use and free memory The CPU statistics of the host such as the number of CPUs and CPU speed Information on e
72. ovs agent stop Oracle VM Agent is stopped Note When Oracle VM Agent is stopped Oracle VM Manager cannot manage Oracle VM Server or the guests running on it 3 5 Monitoring Oracle VM Agent To get information on the Oracle VM Agent daemon enter service ovs agent status Information on the Oracle VM Agent daemon is displayed 3 6 Deploying Oracle VM Agent You can use Oracle VM Manager to configure the deployment of Oracle VM Agent See the Oracle VM Manager User s Guide for information on configuring Oracle VM Agent with Oracle VM Manager 3 7 Oracle VM Agent API An application programming interface API is available for Oracle VM Agent You can use the Oracle VM Agent API to perform a number of actions on guests and on the Oracle VM Server The Oracle VM Agent API uses the XML RPC protocol To see a list of the XML RPC functions available enter the following URL in a web browser https hostname 8899 The hostname refers to an Oracle VM Server A list of methods and parameters are displayed See the XML RPC protocol specification for more information on how to use XML RPC The following sections give examples of common Oracle VM Agent API functions The examples are not extensive but serve to give you an idea of how to use the API Oracle VM Agent 3 3 Oracle VM Agent API Testing the Oracle VM Agent Connection Remotely Starting a Guest with the Oracle VM Agent API Remotely Stopping a Guest wi
73. partition for the guest The root partition may be a Physical partition Logical Volume Manager backed Virtual Block Device File backed Virtual Block Device Select one of the following options to create the root file system a Using a physical disk partition Create a disk partition for the guest root Make a file system on the partition Using a Logical Volume Manager backed Virtual Block Device A particularly appealing solution is to use a Logical Volume Manager LVM volume as backing for a guest file system as this allows dynamic growing and shrinking of volumes as well as snapshots and other features To initialize a partition to support LVM volumes enter pvcreate dev sdal0 Create a volume group named vg on the physical partition vgcreate vg dev sdal0 Create a logical volume of 4 Gigabytes named myvmdisk1 lvcreate L4096M n myvmdiskl vg You now have a dev vg myvmdisk1 Make a file system on the partition mkfs t ext3 dev vg myvmdiskl Using a file backed Virtual Block Device To create a 4 Gigabyte file backed virtual block device enter dd if dev zero of wmldisk bs 1k seek 4096k count 1 Make a file system in the disk file mkfs t ext3 vmldisk The tool requests that you confirm the creation of the file system Enter y to confirm the creation of the file system Creating a Guest 4 7 Creating a Paravirtualized Guest Manually 4 6 2 Populating the Root File System The root file
74. ple parameters to the virt install tool in the format virt install options Appendix A Command Line Tools lists the virt install command line tool parameters You can also create guest on Oracle VM Server using Oracle VM Manager See the Oracle VM Manager User s Guide for information on creating guests with Oracle VM Manager This Chapter contains Supported Guest Operating Systems a Mounting an ISO Creating a Guest Using a Template Creating a Guest Using virt install Creating a Paravirtualized Guest Manually Creating a Hardware Virtualized Guest Manually Converting a Hardware Virtualized Guest to a Paravirtualized Guest Installing Paravirtual Drivers 4 1 Supported Guest Operating Systems The guest you create must be one of the following configurations Table 4 1 64 bit Hypervisor Supported Guest Operating Systems Hardware Hardware Paravirtualized Paravirtualized Virtualized Virtualized Guest Operating Systems 32 bit 64 bit 32 bit 64 bit RedHat Enterprise Linux Yes No Yes Yes 3 x Creating a Guest 4 1 Supported Guest Operating Systems Table 4 1 Cont 64 bit Hypervisor Supported Guest Operating Systems Hardware Hardware Paravirtualized Paravirtualized Virtualized Virtualized Guest Operating Systems 32 bit 64 bit 32 bit 64 bit Oracle Enterprise Linux Yes Yes Yes Yes Release 4 x RedHat Enterprise Linux 4 x Oracle Enterprise Linux Yes Yes Yes Yes Release 5 x Red
75. pseudo cdrom device on dev loop mount ca fileserver2 vol export srv mount o loop ro srv osinstall RedHat FC6 F 6 x86 64 DVD iso mnt You can tell what loop device to use by looking at etc mtab after the mount The first set of disk parameters commented out below are install time disk parameters with the pseudo cdrom Your new domU HVM install will see dev sda just like a usual hardware machine disk phy dev vgxen lvol0 hda w phy dev loop0 hdc cdrom r Example of after setup HVM up and running disk parameters below the last three devices were added later and last two are shared writeable Note for HVM you must use whole device Do not try to get domU to see a partition on a device For example in a HWM this will not work phy dev vgxen tls4 swap hdb1 w Best that you fdisk any extra or added devices within one of your domUs disk phy dev vgxen lvol0 hda w phy dev vgxen tls4 swap hdb w phy dev vgxen sharedvol1 hdc w phy dev vgxen sharedvol2 hdd w Result of this config file from within the new domU root ca DomU sfdisk s dev sda 10485760 dev sdb 8388608 dev sdc 104857600 dev sdd 104857600 For vnc setup try vib type vnc vncunused 1 vnclisten 0 0 0 0 Example with a passwd of foo vib type vnc vncunused 1 vnclisten 0 0 0 0 vncpasswd foo Remember this file is per individual domU during install you will need to change etc
76. pts gid 5 mode 620 0 0 none dev shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 none proc proc defaults 0 0 none sys sysfs defaults 0 0 dev hdal is the root of domU as set up in the configuration file Edit mnt etc sysconfig network to include a valid host name GATEWAY is the same value as dom0 4 8 Oracle VM Server User s Guide Creating a Hardware Virtualized Guest Manually Hostname is the name of the virtual machine for example mycomputer example com Make sure the name you use is unique and not being used by another machine NETWORKING yes HOSTNAME mycomputer example com GATEWAY 139 185 48 1 Edit the mnt etc hosts file to include the IP address and hostname Make sure the IP address you use is unique and not being used by another computer 127 0 0 1 localhost localdomain localhost 139 185 48 212 mycomputer example com hostname Edit the mnt etc sysconfig network scripts ifcfg ethO file Use the same MAC address as the vif If more than one MAC address is exported to the guest operating system you must to configure more network interfaces for example eth1 eth2 in dom0 The NETMASK and BROADCAST address must match the corresponding network interface in dom0 HWADDR is same as the MAC address vif IPADDR is the same as in the mnt etc hosts file DEVICE eth0 BOOTPROTO static HWADDR 00 50 56 02 ff d3 IPADDR 10 1 1 1 NETMASK 255 255 254 0 BROADCAST 10 1 1 255 ONBOOT yes TYPE Ethernet Move lib tls to lib tls disabled
77. s remote connections Setting to an empty string allows all connections The default is an empty string xend address localhost xend relocation address PAddress Sets the IP address Oracle VM Server should listen on for relocation socket connections if xend relocation server is set Setting to localhost prevents remote connections Setting to an empty string allows all connections The default is an empty string xend relocation address localhost xend relocation hosts allow PAddress regular expression Sets the hosts allowed to talk to the relocation port Setting to an empty string allows all connections Setting to a space separated series of regular expressions allows any host with the domain name or IP address that matches any of the regular expressions The default is an empty string xend relocation hosts allow localhost example org xend relocation hosts allow xend relocation hosts allow localhost console limit size Sets the limit in kilobytes of the console buffer The default is 1024 console limit 2048 network script network bridge netdev name bridge name Sets the network bridge to use The default is to use the default ethernet device as the outgoing interface network script network bridge netdev ethl network script network bridge bridge xenbr0 network script network bridge netdev ethl bridge xenbr0 network script my network bridge network
78. se the hardware virtualized guest to be killed as it runs out of memory If the guest is killed increase the memory allocation for dom0 for example from 512MB to 768MB E 10 Hardware Virtualized Guest Devices Not Working as Expected Some devices such as sound cards may not work as expected in hardware virtualized guests In a hardware virtualized guest a device that requires physical memory addresses instead uses virtualized memory addresses so incorrect memory location values may be set This is because DMA Direct Memory Access is virtualized in hardware virtualized guests Hardware virtualized guest operating systems expect to be loaded in memory starting somewhere around address 0 and upwards This is only possible for the first hardware virtualized guest loaded Oracle VM Server virtualizes the memory address to be 0 to the size of allocated memory but the guest operating system is actually loaded at another memory location The difference is fixed up in the shadow page table but the operating system is unaware of this For example a sound is loaded into memory in a hardware virtualized guest running Windows at an address of 100MB may produce garbage through the sound card instead of the intended audio This is because the sound is actually loaded at 100MB plus 256MB The sound card receives the address of 100MB but it is actually at 256MB An IOMMU Input Output Memory Management Unit in the computer s memory management unit wou
79. t install h command Chapter 4 Creating a Guest discusses using the virt install tool h help Displays the virt install command parameters and their purpose virt install h nname name name Sets the name of the guest instance virt install nMyGuest rRAM ram RAM Sets the memory to allocate for a guest instance in Megabytes virt install ram 256 uUUID uuid UUID Sets the UUID Universally Unique Identifier for the guest If none is given a random UUID is generated virt install u vcpus number Sets the number of virtual CPUs to configure for the guest virt install vcpus 2 fdiskfile filezdiskfile Sets the file to use as the disk image virt install file home myhome myimage sfilesize file size filesize Sets the size of the disk image if it does not exist in Gigabytes virt install s2 nonsparse Do not use sparse files for disks This option may be significantly slower when creating guests mvalue mac value Sets the fixed MAC address for the guest if none or RANDOM is given a random address is used Command Line Tools A 3 virt install virt install mac RANDOM bvalue bridge value Sets the bridge to connect guest NIC to If none is given attempts to determine the default vnc Use VNC Virtual Network Computing for graphics support virt install vnc vncport port Sets the port to use for VNC connections virt
80. tcp xmlrpc server address IPAddress Sets the IP address Oracle VM Server should use for the legacy TCP XMLRPC interface This setting is used if xen tcp xmlrpc server is set The default is localhost xen tcp xmlrpc server address localhost xen tcp xmlrpc server port port Sets the port Oracle VM Server should use for the legacy TCP XMLRPC interface This setting is used if xen tcp xmlrpc server is set The default is 8006 xen tcp xmlrpc server port 8006 xend tcp xmlrpc server ssl key file key Sets the SSL key file for the legacy XML RPC interface if SSL is to be used The default is none xend tcp xmlrpc server ssl key file etc xen xmlrpc key xend tcp xmlrpc server ssl cert file file Sets the SSL certificate file for the legacy XML RPC interface if SSL is to be used The default is none Oracle VM Server Configuration File B 3 Oracle VM Server Configuration File xend tcp xmlrpc server ssl cert file etc xen xmlrpc crt xend port port Sets the port Oracle VM Server should use for the HTTP interface if xend http server is set The default is 8000 xend port 8000 xend relocation port port Sets the port Oracle VM Server should use for the relocation interface if xend relocation server is set The default is 8002 xend relocation port 8002 xend address PAddress Sets the IP address Oracle VM Server should listen on for HTTP connections if xend http server is set Setting to localhost prevent
81. th the Oracle VM Agent API Note The following sections discuss commands that must be run from a computer on which Oracle VM Server is installed The functionality discussed is to be used to communicate from one Oracle VM Server to another Oracle VM Server 3 7 1 Testing the Oracle VM Agent Connection You can use the do rpc py utility to remotely test the connection to Oracle VM Agent from another computer with Oracle VM Server installed The following command tests the connection to Oracle VM Agent opt ovs agent 2 2 utils do rpc py https username password hostname 8899 echo hello Where username and password refer to the Oracle VM Agent login credentials and hostname refers to the host name of the computer on which Oracle VM Agent is installed If the connection is successful the following is displayed echo hello gt success echo hello If this command does not display any echo information or displays an error check your network connection The following error is displayed if the Secure Socket Layer SSL facility is disabled socket error code 1 msg error 140770FC SSL routines SSL23_GET_SERVER_ HELLO unknown protocol To enable SSL edit the etc ovs agent agent ini file and set the ss1 parameter to enable ssl enable Restart the Oracle VM Agent for the changes to take effect sbin service ovs agent restart 3 7 2 Remotely Starting a Guest with the Oracle VM Agent API You can use the
82. thod for remote access jpaddress port authtype host access ssl key ssl cerf Sets the configuration of the Oracle VM Server API server which uses an XML RPC interface to control and monitor guests and the dom0 host A list of access method entries should be provided each entry in the list enclosed in parentheses and the list itself enclosed in its own parentheses If dom0 local access is required the access method entry should begin with the unix parameter This creates a unix socket in a directory on the dom0 file system An authtype parameter may also be supplied as a second argument If remote access is required the access method entry should take a TCP port number as its first argument or an ipaddress port number pair This TCP port is used to listen for incoming Oracle VM Server API requests on all dom0 network interfaces or only on one specific interface if an IP address of a dom0 interface is given The optional authtype parameter can be set to none or pam Pluggable Authentication Model The optional host access parameter can be a list of space separated regular expressions to list the host IP addresses or host names to allow access This parameter is only enabled for remote access The optional ss1 key is the private key for SSL communication This parameter is only enabled for remote access The optional ss1 cert is the SSL certificate for SSL communication This parameter is only enabled for remote access
83. tory and must match the UUID of the repository in the etc ovs repositories file The options parameter is list of mount options as they would appear if the volume were mounted with mount o optl opt2 opt3 The mount options will be used exactly as listed in the file until the end of the line 7 1 3 Adding a Repository You can add a file system or shared virtual disk as a repository using the makerepo script The script takes the parameters usr lib ovs ovs makerepo source shared description The source parameter is the block device or NFS path to the file system to be added The shared parameter sets whether the file system is to be shared between computers Enter a 1 to have the file system shared or a 0 to make it non shared The description parameter is the text displayed in Oracle VM Manager The makerepo script identifies the file system or shared virtual disk as a repository and updates the repository configuration to enable it 7 1 4 Removing a Repository You can remove a repository using the ovs offlinerepo script The script takes the parameters usr lib ovs ovs offlinerepo d uuid source The d flag removes the storage repository from the configuration file The uuid parameter is the UUID of the repository The source parameter is the block device or NFS path to the file system to be removed The ovs offlinerepo script unmounts a repository and removes it from the configuration 7 2 Oracle VM Server User s Guide
84. u want to use tap disks to work around this problem kill and restart the blktapctrl process Do not pass the blktapctrl process any arguments E 13 CD ROM Image Not Found If you create a paravirtualized or hardware virtualized guest using a configuration file and the CDROM image cannot be found during the installation you may have the IDE devices in the incorrect order Putting the IDE devices in order fixes this problem Check that the disk parameter is defined as hdc cdrom and is included before hda otherwise the usual boot dc configuration fails to find the CDROM image E 14 Firewall Blocks NFS Access Oracle VM Server blocks NFS access from any external computer or guest by default This may cause problems when trying to create a guest using an NFS connection To resolve this disable the firewall with the following command service iptables stop E 15 Migrating Domains You cannot migrate domains on computers with hardware that is not identical To migrate a domain you must have hardware that is the same make and model You must also have the same Oracle VM Server release E 16 Attaching to a Console with the Grub Boot Loader Tracking down startup problems with a hardware virtualized guest may be difficult because you may not be able to attach a console using the xm console command To workaround this problem you can include a console in the Grub boot loader and connect to a console during boot To include
85. ualization a Why Virtualize Xen Technology Oracle VM 1 1 What is Virtualization Virtualization is the ability to run multiple virtual machines on a single piece of hardware The hardware runs software which enables you to install multiple operating systems which are able to run simultaneously and independently in their own secure environment with minimal reduction in performance Each virtual machine has its own virtual CPU network interfaces storage and operating system 1 2 Why Virtualize With increased server provisioning in the datacenter several factors play a role in stifling growth Increased power and cooling costs physical space constraints man power and interconnection complexity all contribute significantly to the cost and feasibility of continued expansion Commodity hardware manufacturers have begun to address some of these concerns by shifting their design goals Rather than focus solely on raw gigahertz performance manufacturers have enhanced the feature sets of CPUs and chip sets to include lower wattage CPUs multiple cores per CPU die advanced power management and a range of virtualization features By employing appropriate software to enable these features several advantages are realized Server Consolidation By combining workloads from a number of physical hosts into a single host a reduction in servers can be achieved as well as a corresponding decrease in interconnect hardware Traditionall
86. ults additional parameters may be needed in the boot loader grub conf configuration file for certain operating system variants after the guest is installed Specifically for optimal clock accuracy Linux guest boot parameters should be specified to ensure that the pit clock source is utilized Adding clock pit nohpet nopmtimer for most guests will result in the selection of pit as the clock source for the guest Published templates for Oracle VM will include these additional parameters Proper maintenance of virtual time can be tricky The various parameters provide tuning for virtual time management and supplement but do not replace the need for an ntp time service running within guest Ensure that the ntpd service is running and that the etc ntpd conf configuration file is pointing to valid time servers E 8 Mouse Pointer Tracking Problems If your mouse pointer fails to track your cursor in a VNC Viewer session in a hardware virtualized guest add the following to the Oracle VM Server configuration file located at etc xen xend config sxp to force the device model to use absolute tablet coordinates usbdevice tablet Troubleshooting E 5 Hardware Virtualized Guest Killed Restart Oracle VM Server for the changes to take effect E 9 Hardware Virtualized Guest Killed When running hardware virtualized guests the QEMU process qemu dm may have its memory usage grow substantially especially under heavy I O loads This may cau
87. unning as a guest on the system Binary translation and hardware virtualization is required if you are using an operating system where it is impractical to do paravirtualization for example if the source code is not available such as for Microsoft Windows or the user base is not large enough to sustain a paravirtualization effort such as for the Linux 2 4 x kernel In many situations paravirtualization may perform better than binary translation as operations that cause a hypervisor interaction can be grouped and reused rather than each event requiring its own hypervisor interaction 2 7 Creating Virtual Machines Create virtual machines guests using the Oracle VM Server virt install command line tool or using a Virtual Machine Template in Oracle VM Manager See Chapter 4 Creating a Guest and the Oracle VM Manager User s Guide for more information 2 8 Managing Domains Manage domains using the Oracle VM Server xm command line tool or using Oracle VM Manager See Chapter 5 Domain Monitoring and Administration and the Oracle VM Manager User s Guide for more information Migrate domains using the xm migrate command See Chapter 6 Domain Live Migration for more information Oracle VM Server 2 3 Configuring Oracle VM Server 2 9 Configuring Oracle VM Server You can configure Oracle VM Server using the configuration file The configuration file options are available in the etc xen xend config sxp file When you make chan
88. vs agent in Appendix A Command Line Tools for more details on the ovs agent command line tool options 3 2 Configuring Oracle VM Agent Oracle VM Agent is configured during installation A default user is created with the username admin and the password you set during installation You can change the default configuration with the Oracle VM Agent configuration script ovs agent To configure Oracle VM Agent 1 As root run the Oracle VM Agent configuration script Oracle VM Agent 3 1 Configuring Oracle VM Agent service ovs agent configure 2 You are prompted whether you want to enable SSL Secure Sockets Layer in XMLRPC ssl support enable ssl support in xmlrpc transport enable disable ssl disable ssl SSL support is disabled by default Enter enable to enable support or disable to disable it If you do not enter anything the setting is not changed Press Enter 3 You are prompted to enter the IP addresses that are allowed to access to the computer network access control by ip rules if addr match allow and not addr match deny return True pattern items delimited by comma and could be AOL ML single ip 21 0 211 range 10 1 1 1 24 range default to allow all deny none allow allow Enter asterisk to allow all IP addresses access to the computer Alternatively enter a list of IP addresses for computers for which you want to allow access while restricting all others The defau
89. wing command to find the new MAC address for eth0 4 14 Oracle VM Server User s Guide 10 11 12 13 Installing Paravirtual Drivers ifconfig eth0 Edit the etc xen xend config sxp file to add the new MAC address vif mac xx xx xx xx xx xx bridge xenbr0 Create the etc sysconfig network scripts ifcfg ethO file with the following contents TYPE Ethernet DEVICE eth0 BOOTPROTO dhcp ONBOOT yes HWADDR XX XX XX XX XX XX Create a new initrd image Use the kernel version for your guest operating system mkinitrd f boot initrd 2 6 9 42 0 3 8 2 ELsmp img 2 6 9 42 0 3 8 2 ELsmp omit scsi modules with xen vbd Reboot the computer Creating a Guest 4 15 Installing Paravirtual Drivers 4 16 Oracle VM Server User s Guide 9 Domain Monitoring and Administration This Chapter contains information on the Oracle VM Server domain lifecycle monitoring and administration It contains Domain Lifecycle Using the xm Command Line Interface You can use Oracle VM Manager to monitor domains running on Oracle VM Server or you can use the xm command See the Oracle VM Manager User s Guide for information on using Oracle VM Manager to manage domains 5 1 Domain Lifecycle There are a number of states in which a domain may exist They are Starting initializing a Running Paused Suspended Stopping shutting down Powered off stopped A start operation can take the d
90. xt that consists solely of a bracket or brace Accessibility of Links to External Web Sites in Documentation This documentation may contain links to Web sites of other companies or organizations that Oracle does not own or control Oracle neither evaluates nor makes any representations regarding the accessibility of these Web sites vii TTY Access to Oracle Support Services Oracle provides dedicated Text Telephone TTY access to Oracle Support Services within the United States of America 24 hours a day 7 days a week For TTY support call 800 446 2398 Outside the United States call 1 407 458 2479 Command Syntax UNIX command syntax appears in monospace font The dollar character number sign or percent character are UNIX command prompts Do not enter them as part of the command The following command syntax conventions are used in this guide Convention Description backslash A backslash is the UNIX command continuation character It is used in command examples that are too long to fit on a single line Enter the command as displayed with a backslash or enter it on a single line without a backslash dd if dev rdsk c0tid0s6 of dev rst0 bs 10b count 10000 braces Braces indicate required items DEFINE macrol1 brackets Brackets indicate optional items cvtcrt termname outfile ellipses Ellipses indicate an arbitrary number of similar items CHKVAL fieldname valuel value2 value
91. y these workloads would need to be specially crafted partially isolated and well behaved but with new virtualization techniques none of these requirements are necessary Reduction of Complexity Infrastructure costs are massively reduced by removing the need for physical hardware and networking Instead of having a large number of physical computers all networked together consuming power and Introduction to Virtualization 1 1 Xen Technology administration costs fewer computers can be used to achieve the same goal Administration and physical setup is less time consuming and costly Isolation Virtual machines run in sand boxed environments They cannot access each other so if one virtual machine performs poorly or crashes it does not affect any other virtual machine Platform Uniformity In a virtualized environment a broad heterogeneous array of hardware components is distilled into a uniform set of virtual devices presented to each guest operating system This reduces the impact across the IT organization from support to documentation to tools engineering Legacy Support With traditional bare metal operating system installations when the hardware vendor replaces a component of a system the operating system vendor is required to make a corresponding change to enable the new hardware for example an ethernet card As an operating system ages the operating system vendor may no longer provide hardware enabli

Oracle Audio Technologies E10898-02 User's Manual

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents