OpenOffice.org OpenOffice - 1.0 User's Manual
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1. 3 I v Figure 1 Writer document showing Equation Editor Selection toolbar and location of resulting equation Math Objects 1 Introduction The equation editor uses a markup language to represent formulas For example 9 6obeta creates the Greek character beta P This markup is designed to read similar to English whenever possible For example a over b produces a fraction us b Entering a Formula There are three main ways of entering a formula Type markup in the equation editor Right click on the equation editor and select the symbol from the context menu Select a symbol from the Selection toolbox The context menu and the Selection toolbox insert the markup corresponding to a symbol Incidentally this provides a convenient way to learn the OOoMath markup When you select a symbol from the Selection toolbox it will show up like this in this equation editor lt gt times lt gt And it will display on screen in Writer like this Ox When you are editing in the equation editor you need to remove the lt gt and replace it with the terms of the equation For example 5 times 4 produces 5X4 Below is a short list of common equations and their corresponding markup Display Command Display Command gamma GAMMA an int f x dx suma n a lt b infinity a over b stack a b sqrt a x times y Math Objects 2 Complex Formulas Complex Formulas Of course most people c2. EPSILON ETA SACUNVIMUS IOTA KAPPA LAMBDA MU NU OMEGA OMICRON PHI PI PSI RHO SIGMA THETA UPSILON XI ZETA alpha beta chi delta epsilon eta gamma iota kappa lambda mu nu 0omega omicron phi 1 ES c ES EM e pi rho sigma tau theta upsilon varepsilon varphi varpi varrho varsigma vartheta xi zeta Characters Special Table 11 Characters special and A angle lt element identical infinite oo noelement notequal or V perthousand po strictlygreaterthan gt gt strictlylessthan lt lt tendto Math Objects 18
3. 004 AII Rights Reserved Contributor contact s dcarrera openoffice org All trademarks within this guide belong to legitimate owners Feedback Please direct any comments or suggestions about this document to authors user faq openoffice org Acknowledgments This chapter is based on two documents written by Fred Saalbach Modifications and updates Version Description of Change 1 0 21 November 2004 First published edition Math Objects ii Introduction Introduction OpenOffice org OOo has a component for mathematical equations It is most commonly used as an equation editor for text documents but it can also be used with other types of documents or stand alone When used inside Writer the equation is treated as an object inside the text document Important note The equation editor is for writing equations in symbolic form as in equation 1 If you want to evaluate a numeric value this is not the chapter you want See the Calc guide AS tn x tanha 1 Getting started To insert an equation go to Insert gt Object gt Formula The equation editor opens at the bottom of the screen and the floating Selection toolbox appears You will also see a small box with a gray border in your document where the formula will be displayed Ei Untitled1 OpenOffice org 1 1 3 File Edit View Format Tools Window Help Lzm Seu as d E Selection IE eh asd aeA Za Hl Y E
4. Does not divide Less than Greater than Similar to or equal Parallel Orthogonal to Less than or equal to Greater than or equal to Similar to Congruent Less than or equal to Greater than or equal to Proportional Toward Arrow left Double arrow left and right Arrow right Math Objects Command Display a b a lt gt b a approx 2 a divides b a ndivides b a lt 2 a gt 2 a simeq b a parallel b a ortho b a leslant b a geslant b asim b a equiv b a lt b a gt b a prop b a toward b a dlarrow b a dlrarrow b a drarrow b Set operations Math commands Reference Table 3 Commands set operators Operation Is in Is not in Owens Empty set Intersection Union Difference Quotient Aleph Subset Subset or equal to Superset Superset or equal to Not subset Not subset or equal Not superset Not Superset or equal Natural Numbers Set Set of Integers Set of rational numbers Set of real numbers Set of complex numbers Math Objects Command Display ainB a notin B A owns b emptyset A intersection B A union B A setminus B A slash B aleph A subset B A subseteq B A supset B A supseteq B A nsubset B A nsubseteq B A nsupset B A nsupseteq B setN setZ setQ setR setC 10 Math commands Reference Functions Table 4 Commands function Operation Command Display Exponential func e a Natural logarithm In a Exponential function exp a
5. Logarithm log a Power a ibj Sine sin a Cosine cos a Tangent tan a Cotangent cot a Square root sqrt a Arcsine arcsin a arcsin a Arctangent arctan a arctan a Arc cosine arccos a arccos a Arc cotangent arccot a arccot a n root nroot a b Vb Hyperbolic sine sinh a sinh a Hyperbolic cosine cosh a cosh a Hyperbolic tangent tanh a tanh a Hyperbolic cotangent coth a coth a Absolute value abs a la Arc hyperbolic sine arsinh a arsinh a Arc hyperbolic cosine arccosh a arcosh a Arc hyperbolic tangent arctanh a artanh a Arc hyperbolic cotangent arccoth a arcoth a factorial fact a a Math Objects 11 Operators Math commands Reference All operators can be used with the limit functions from and to Table 5 Commands operators Operation Limit Sum Product Coproduct Limits from and to shown with intigral Intigral Double intigral Tripple Intigral Lower limit shown with summation symbol Curved intigeral Double curved intigeral Tripple curved intigeral Upper limit shown with product symbol Math Objects Command Display lim a sum a prod a coprod a int from r_0 to r t a int a lint a iiint a sum from 3 b lint a llint a Illint a prod to 3 r 12 Attributes Table 6 Attributes Operation Acute accent Grave accent Reverse circumflex Breve Circle Vector arrow Tilde Circumfle
6. OpenOffice org The Open Source Office Suite Math Objects The Equation Editor Ec c Title Math Objects The Equation Editor Version 1 0 First edition November 2004 First English edition November 2004 Contents Be aW LANE E ms Copyright and trademark informati n ee evoca perii repa t IH ono PY HEAR ME DP ER ANNE FORE C EIN Y RR V ERE lucc Drs MM T EM PT ist on SES RTT ED aan bust e E Na EEEE EEA Modifications and Updates uus sena a Rabe iu Re c Rn o ve a d HER ais Ba I IRI UT Gette BI isise isan on A nra ui CHEN PRODR P DAN LH UN NIA HIN a o n DER rA Entering d FORMA au ood arro hx HR n BERI PR USO RU DEREN RUM HM N ER POR M E e REIN EAEE E RATSA Conti Ee PO DDR aos E Ur eae IDA UN RUP ERU CQ D RR ADR ee URN E NODE Brackets are your TODOS ooo mie mcenia da a ae aa D DR UN lues cios POR ERN GR Fr mine SEEE AEE Sums and TESORO eoe e WR X CURE UM Un ERA aaa ape tt AR Matrices TCI OTT T TOTO E C TOO TEE ENG Vl MER cedodoqastistu onte vrina enit ortum vs sett setup nteger ts obe ede d Complex MAYO T Tipsand OBEN oues ve aset o NG yee tea E nates ERU BREL reza NE aren Rn SERE estan ne UR M DU HUE MU UP NER BUE C st mizing TOU DERE eoa eise Erener E E E he E ce ec Ule ESER E EEE EES Ra ex elo ud Numbering ee TIN eoo DH oreste a ad erbe ve ada dba e debi dank dip Reb a deca den a d Math commands Referente 2 v ten e etre Ee Fe
7. ample here is the Riemann Zeta function c 6 The number in the equation is stored in the form of a field To refer to an equation by its number for example as shown in Equation 2 1 Insert gt Cross reference 2 Click on the References tab See Figure 2 3 Under Type select Text 4 Under Selection pick the equation number 5 Under Format choose Reference 6 Click Insert Math Objects 6 Tips and tricks Done If you later add more equations to the paper before the referenced equation all the equations will automatically renumber and the cross references will update Fields Document References Functions DocInformation Variables Database Selection 1 ee w Figure 2 Inserting a cross reference to an equation number Math Objects 7 Math commands Reference Math commands Reference Unary binary operators Table 1 Commands unary amp binary Operation H sign sign Boolean not Addition Multiplication dot Multiplication X Multiplication Boolean and Subtraction Division fraction Division operand Division slash Boolean or Concatenate Math Objects Command Display neg 1 neg a arb a cdot b a times b a b a and b a b a over b adivb a b aorb a circ b Math commands Reference Relational operators Table 2 Commands relations Operation Is equal Is not equal Approximately Divides
8. an figure out how to do something simple like Va The problems appear when you try to write more complex equations This section explores some general situations and suggests solutions Brackets are your friends You may have heard your professor say this It is true for science and it is true for OOo The equation editor knows nothing of order of operation To make moderately complex formulas you must use brackets For example Display Command fid pd ge x b sqrt b 2 4ac over 2a 2a Tip Squiggly brackets can be used to collect terms without the bracket appearing in the equation Sums and integration The sum and int commands can optionally take in from and to parameters These are used in a way that is meant to resemble how the equation is read in English These parameters can be used singly or together For example Display Command sum from n 1 to infinity a n 1 over n 2j sum from iin A a 3 int from a to b x 2 1 over x dx int from alpha r Votheta e i theta d theta Tip Though they look the same the sum command is more flexible than 6SIGMA Tip Use infinity to produce the oo symbol Math Objects 3 Complex Formulas Matrices Matrices are done through the matrix command The basic syntax is Display Command ab matrix a b c d c d A single symbol is used to separate entries within a given row Tw
9. i e eee Ce leve yER VE e Fe e vU PER HER E eda I I NS ESI m Relational Ce AIRES au icai et dor EINE ga nb RD br dia Fn A A ee Loa E dun uper Ld EN QU b DN Ua S t operahons eei a dnc dah ODDS TOILETTE 1 WBA UL S AAA AE ceu S EE A E AE De leto E LoT EA ce NM E LU Of LIU PIED EDI DDU UE 1 Beir AMA sis sence UO SEE 1 PRM Ue TETTE TENERE En 1 Math Objects Overview Overview OpenOffice org has a component OOo Math for mathematical equations OOo Math provides mathematical objects which can be embedded in other OOo documents or saved on their own Copyright and trademark information The contents of this Documentation are subject to the Public Documentation License Version 1 0 the License you may only use this Documentation if you comply with the terms of this License A copy of the License is available at http www openoffice org licenses PDL rtf The Original Documentation is Math Objects The Equation Editor The Initial Writer s of the Original Documentation is are Ian Laurenson 2004 All Rights Reserved Initial Writer contact s hillview paradise net nz The Initial Writer contact s is to report errors in the documentation For questions regarding how to use the software subscribe to the Users Mail List and post your question there http support openoffice org index html Contributor s Daniel Carrera rewrote the explanatory section of the document Portions created by Daniel Carrera are Copyright O 2
10. jects Math commands Reference Command Display color cyan qv color yellow qv color white qv color green qv color blue qv color red qv color green X qv color green X qv 14 Math commands Reference Others Table 7 Commands others Operation Command Display Infinity infinity Partial partial Nabla nabla There exists exists For all forall H bar hbar Lambda bar lambdabar Real part re Imaginary part im Weierstrss p wp Left arrow leftarrow Right arrow rightarrow Up arrow uparrow Down arrow downarrow o0 V E V ha A R 3 9 E 1 ll Dots at bottom dotslow Dots at middle dotsaxis Dots vertical dotsvert Dots diagonal upward dotsup Dots diagonal downward dotsdown Math Objects 15 Brackets Table 8 Commands braces Operation Round Brackets Square Brackets Double Square Brackets Single line Double line Braces Angle Brackets Operator Brackets Group brackets used for program control Scalable round brackets add the word left before a left bracket and right before a right bracket Square brackets scalable as above Double square brackets scalable Line scalable Double line scalable Brace scalable Angle bracket scalable Operator brackets scalable Over brace scalable Under brace scaleable Math Objects Command a Idbracket c rdbracket Iline a rline Idline a rdline Ibrace w rbrace langle d rangle langle a mline b rang
11. le tay left stack a b z right left stack x y right left Idbracket c right rdbracket left Iline a right rline left Idline d right rdline left Ibrace e right rbrace left langle f right rangle left langle g mline h right rangle The brace is above overbrace a the brace is below underbrace tf Math commands Reference Display eo The brace is above the brace is below a G f 16 Math commands Reference Formats Table 9 Commands formats Operation Left Superscript Center Superscript Right Superscript Left subscript Center subscript Right subscript Align character to left Align character to center Align character to right Vertical stack of 2 Vertical stack more than 2 Matrix stack Common mathematical arrangement New Line Small gap apostrophe Large gap tilde Math Objects Command a lsup b sum a a csup b a b a Isub b a csub b a bj stack Hello world alignl a stack Hello world alignc a stack Hello world alignr a binom a b stack a b z matrix a b c d matrix a b c asldkfjo newline sadkfj stuff stuff stuff stuff Hello world a Hello world a Hello world a asldkfjo sadkfj stuff stuff stuff stuff 17 Math commands Reference Characters Greek Table 10 Characters Greek ALPHA a BETA CHI DELTA
12. o symbols are used to separate different rows One of the first problems people have with matrices is working with brackets Regular brackets have a fixed size which doesn t fit well with matrices see the table below OOoMath provides scalable brackets These brackets adjust in size scale to fit the size of their contents To obtain scalable brackets use the left and right commands Display Command det matrix a b c d normal det left matrix a b c d right scalable Tip Use left and right to obtain square brackets Derivatives To write a derivative or a partial derivative use the over command That is treat it as if it were a fraction For higher order derivatives use the symbol like an exponent Display Command df t Of dx Of dy df t over dt partial f over partial x dx over dt dt Bude Oy ak partial f over partial y dy over dt Math Objects 4 Complex layout Complex layout Often the problem is not in writing the equation as such but obtaining the desired layout There are some features that can help Adjust alignment with align left alignment alignr right alignment and alignc centered Use matrices for columned layout Use white space and several lines to make your equation understandable Use or to produce white space on the equation Tip You can insert white space and additional lines in the markup witho
13. ut affecting the output of the equation The following example illustrates most of the above Display Command trt ee matrix Sn alignl 1 1r 142 dotsaxis r n rSn alignl r dotsaxis r n r n 1 l r S_n alignl 1 r n 1 Sn alignl 1 r n 1 over 1 r j In addition to matrices you can also used the newline command to move to a new line Notice below that the newline command does not have to be on a line of its own Display Command x y 3 xt y 3 newline x y 1 x y l Math Objects 5 Tips and tricks Tips and tricks Customizing the interface There are a few ways to customize the equation editor s interface to make you more productive Here are some suggestions Show hide the Selection toolbox with View gt Selection Turn off AutoUpdate with View gt AutoUpdate display to improve speed You can still update the formula manually by pressing F9 or through View gt Update Turn the editor into a floating window 1 Hover the mouse above the border of the equation editor 2 Hold down the Control key 3 Drag the editor away from the main window Numbering equations Equation numbering is possible and simple Sadly this feature is deeply hidden To insert a formula with a number follow these steps 1 Start a new line 2 Type n and then press 73 You will see a numbered formula appear E mc 2 Then double click on the formula to edit it For ex
14. x Line above Dot Wide vector arrow Wide tilde Wide circumflex Double dot Line over Line under Line through Ripple dot Transparent useful to get a placeholder of a given size Bold font Italic font Resize font Following item in sans serif font Following item in serif font Following item in fixed font Math Objects Command acute a grave a check a breve a circle a vec a tilde a hat a bar a dot a widevec abc widetilde abc widehat abc ddot overline abc underline abc overstrike acb dddot a phantom a bold a ital a size 16 qv font sans qv font serif qv font fixed qv Math commands Reference Display Qs Qe Qt Re a ax Q gt amp qv qv qv qv Unquoted text that isn t a command is considered to be a variable Variables are by default italicized There are three custom fonts sans serif without kicks serifs with kicks and fixed non proportional To change the actual fonts used for custom fonts and the fonts used for variables unquoted text numbers and functions use Format gt Fonts 13 Operation Make color of following text cyan Make color of following text yellow Make color of following text green Make color of following text white Make color of following text blue Make color of following text red Make color green returns to default color black Brace items to change color of more than one item Math Ob
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