Novell SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 User's Manual
Contents
1. 47 O Novell Inc All rights reserved Case Study HA mail file and print e Small office solution Small scale consolidation with increased throughput and improved fault tolerance gt Past 4 dedicated servers for mail file print and an Internet gateway gt Today 2 state of the art servers running mail file print and Internet gateway in dedicated and thus isolated VMs DMZ realized with firewall VM all VMs instrumented with Heartbeat v2 to fail over services on standby virtual machines V More reliability fault tolerance and thus high level of availability for business critical IT services Improved performance by using latest but still cost effective hardware flexibility to do rolling upgrade if performance requirements increase over time services stay online 48 Novell Inc All rights reserved Novell Virtual Server Architecture Overview e SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 includes Xen 3 0 2 e Supported hardware architectures x86 32bit x86 PAE 32bit x86 64 64bit including features to run unmodified OS e Unmodified OS operation full virtualization requires Intel VT and AMD Virtualization AMD V hardware e One lO and system management VM many application VMs e Tight cooperation with virtualization technology providers to maintain stable interfaces between VM Server and VMs e Virtual Machine Server and Vi2. VM lifecycle controlled by Programmatically Job JDL Manually through mgmt console Automatically on demand gt A Job makes request for unavailable resource Suitable VM image is located host is located image is provisioned instance is initially reserved for calling Job logic is invoked to make use of new resource VM host instance selection placement is similar to resource selection Governed by policies priorities queues and ranking Provisioning Adapters provide VM abstraction Special provisioning jobs perform operations for each integration with different VM technologies The provisioning adapter is a JOB 83 Novell Inc All rights reserved Virtual Provisioning and Life Cycle Management Novell Inc All rights reserve d Discovery provisioning adapter job Two types of VM Instance amp Template Provisioner requests a VM host Reservations Constraints Management Server N Architektur ZENworks Orchestration Storage Resource Server Orchestration Rules engine Policy Scheduling Grid services P Utilization amp billing Physical inventory e Bare metal provisionina Patch amp Update U M F Configuration e Remote Control Discovery Logical unit naming e Quality of service ACL control VM Repository e Visualization Reporting Data Model Reconciliation Federation Managed Nod
3. but not optimal Possible 12th choice but not optimal 89 Novell Inc All rights reserved E VM Monitor Novell ZENworks Virtual Network Orchestration System File Edit Navigate Search Project Window Help psx le Sir ix Wa Se or E JVM Manager ES VM Monitor Ly Resource CH Hi VNOS Monitor 23 E Ig ole lise Nhat A Filter By A P Datacenter Monitoring Metrics Service Last hour Other Views Text Host View Time and String Metrics Constant Metrics boottime Tue 13 Feb 2007 07 33 23 0700 cpu_num 2 CPUs gexec OFF cpu speed 2791 MHz gmond_ started Fri 02 Mar 2007 17 26 58 0700 mem total 2075688 KB last_reported 0 days 0 00 18 swap total 2104472 KB machine type x86 os name Linux os release 2 6 16 21 0 8 smp Node Status uptime 17 days 10 09 13 d vm type This host is up and running epe _hrovo novell com Load last hour 2 E F i 17 00 17 20 17 40 O 1 min Load BH CPUs Running Processes provo novell cenm Memory last hour B o a E e a Le a0 L7 au Lan E Memory Used BH Memory Shared E Memory Cached O Memory Buffered EN Memory swapped BE Total In Core Memory ao prowo novell com CU last hour E 100 t S V E e L hi bh A dax if 2 Unpublished Work of Novell Inc All Rights Reserved This work is an unpublished work and contains confidential proprietary and trade secret information
4. Inc All rights reserved Roadmap Xen 2006 2007 53 Novell Inc All rights reserved SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP1 N Xen 3 0 4 planned support Q2 2007 Overview e CIM provider for VM lifecycle mananagement monitoring and resource management e CIM client for VM lifecycle mananagement monitoring and resource management e Update from Xen 3 0 2 to 3 0 4 due to system management e SLES 9 PV installation support preview documented e OES2 using Netware 6 5 SP7 PV e VM server RAM support x86 4GB x86 PAE 64GB x86 64 256GB e Basic NUMA support 54 Novell Inc All rights reserved 55 Xen 3 0 4 support status 1 Overview planned Xen supported features x86 PAE max VM server physical memory 64GB x86 PAE max VM memory 62GB x86 64 max VM server physical memory 128GB x86 64 max VM memory 126GB 32 logical hardware threads per VM Server 256 VMs per VM Server 0 VCPUs per VM 8 VMs per physical CPU core 6 VNIC per VM Novell Inc All rights reserved N 56 Xen 3 0 4 support status 2 Overview planned Xen supported features Save amp Restore of Virtual Machines Live Migration of paravirtualized VMs use of asynchronous lO with sparse file mounted loopback in Virtual Machine Server dom paravirtualized device drivers for IO and network loads for Linux and MS Windows to boost fullvirtualized OS performance Novell Inc All rights re
5. OS installation you will then be prompted to finalize the VM settings All rights reserved YasT2 clclaptop Virtual Machine Installation Settings Click any headline to make changes or use the Change menu below AutoYaST AutoYaST Profile none Virtualization Mode Paravirtualization Virtualization Options Name of Virtual Machine vm1 Hardware Memory Size 256 MB Number of Virtual CPUs 1 Disks Disk dev hda Create 4096 MB Image Sparse File Network Number of Virtual Network Cards 1 Operating System Installation SUSE Installation Source unknown ftp 137 65 246 64 dist install KLD 10 Beta8 1386 CD 1 Installation Options TERM xterm textmode 1 Change VM Disks Supported Storage mapping virtual disk within the VM and a physical disk within a driver domain e Generic Block Devices SCSI SATA IDE LVM SCSI Target Server SCSI Initiator Client e FibreChannel Protocol SAN Native Multipath IO Kernel Devicemapper DM MPIO Multidisk MD Oracle Cluster Filesystem OCFS2 Heartbeat2 Enterprise Volume Manager EVMS2 Novell ISCSI OCFS2 and Heartbeat2 Plugins O Novell Inc All rights reserved How Does Xen Compare Performance 1 20 actual overhead older claim 1 5 Scalability 10s of Vms Memory overhead Negligible for para 12MB per VM for full Hardware enforced fault isolation be
6. TemplaterRefere S am up i Reservatioi Mode 18 25 50 E redha ams Syste isian UU redhat Automa 18 25 50 E redha gmsSyste esx4 Launching Vi Provision gmsS 0 00 20 redhat Automa 18 25 50 R redha gmsSyste vmhosti K Active no agent us nia redhat 18 26 02 Provisioni Automa 0 00 20 redhat ma puta Provision gmsSy 00 20 redhat 3 18 26 50 onssysre M 18 25 50 E redha gmssyste esx Launching hi Provision gmsSy 0 00 20 redhat Automa 18 25 50 Be redha gmsSyste es Launching hi Provision gmsSy 0 00 20 redhat Automa 18 25 50 Provision E redha Oms 0 00 20 redhat gmsSyste esx Launching Vd Host Assignment Log vM has been assigned the vmhast esx1 Reasoning based on default emhost leadindex slots a ranking is summarized below Host Name Log Text Assigned esx Possible 2nd choice but not optimal esx3 Possible 3rd choice but not optimal esud Possible 4th choice but not optimal es Possible 5th choice but not optimal esxb Possible Bth chaice but nat aptimal BSxT Possible 7th choice but not optimal ESKO KA hostis not online vmhostl Possible 8th choice but nat optimal mhost2 Possible ath choice but not optimal mhost3 Possible 10th choice but not optimal Possible 11th choice
7. ins will be available in 2007 un Collaboration on software that translates between virtualization technologies Windows Server Longhorn supporting paravirtualized SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 guest Le SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 supporting enlightened Windows Server Longhorn guest Novell Inc All rights reserved N External Resources Where do customers get more information Novell Virtualization home page http www novell com linux virtualization Virtualization Technical Library Whitepapers Novell s pricing for virtualization and available support offerings http www novell com products server virtualization html http support novell com linux e Novell online documentation on Xen http www novell com documentation vmserver Supported hardware and technical limits http developer novell com yessearch Search jsp search in category Novell Product SUSE Linux Enterprise 10 x86 with Xen http support novell com products server supported_packages search for SLES10 and Virtualization Xen Support Matrix 70 Novell Inc All rights reserved Other Resources Recommended links e Xen project home http www xensource com xen wiki Xen summit presentations Xen architecture docs developer discussions future roadmap Recent changes indexes doc FAQS Deployment examples third party pro
8. of Novell Inc Access to this work is restricted to Novell employees who have a need to know to perform tasks within the scope of their assignments No part of this work may be practiced performed copied distributed revised modified translated abridged condensed expanded collected or adapted without the prior written consent of Novell Inc Any use or exploitation of this work without authorization could subject the perpetrator to criminal and civil liability General Disclaimer This document is not to be construed as a promise by any participating company to develop deliver or market a product Novell Inc makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents of this document and specifically disclaims any express or implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose Further Novell Inc reserves the right to revise this document and to make changes to its content at any time without obligation to notify any person or entity of such revisions or changes All Novell marks referenced in this presentation are trademarks or registered trademarks of Novell Inc in the United States and other countries All third party trademarks are the property of their respective owners
9. well communicated or defined verify the cluster aware behavior of EVMS evmsgui gt Settings gt Node Administered all cluster nodes listed EVMS and Heartbeat Interact properly 61 Novell Inc All rights reserved cluster aware hosting of Xen domainsN Summary use EVMS to create a logical volume per each Xen domU OS image e g 10G image of hda dev evms MyVirtualMachineHda copy guest OS image into that logical volume logical volume will have same persistent device name across all cluster nodes corresponding Xen control file will be location transparent too reference dev evms MyVirtualMachineHda as path for domU s hda on all nodes gt http sourceforge net mailarchive message php msg_id 15485661 62 Novell Inc All rights reserved PV Driver for Windows MP BOOT INI Notepad File Edit Format View Help boot loader Itimeoutz3O Idefault multi O disk O rdisk O partition 2 WINDOWS Lop systems O disk O rdisk O partition 2 WINDOWS Microsoft Windows IXP Professional Paravirtual Driv rers fastdetect GENEE tin use Dy drivers multi O rdisk O0 partition 2 WINDOWS Microsoft windows XP a ci E pese ali NOExecute 0ptIn Y Novell PV Xenbus Driver for Windows PCI Device gt Update Driver gt Xen Virtual Block Device Add a New Hardware Device Network Drivers Xen Virtual Nic gt Update Driver O Novel
10. 00ac47ee2 216e 452a a341 a12624cd0225 hda w dhcp dhcp hostname nbd root dev hda1 extra 3 Novell Inc All rights reserved N 41 VM Migration Migration e Moving a VM from one physical machine to another without interrupting the VM s state IP address follows the VM so networking is not interrupted Live Migration Migration with minimal down time 10 s of ms e Streams VM s pages over network while VM is still running Disk must still be visible on destination e g use ISCSI Novell Inc All rights reserved Managing VMs with the xm Command Must be root Use xm command Xen Management Querying xm list xm list I xm console id disconnect from VM s console with Ctrl Managing xm create c configfile xm shutdown id xm destroy id xm migrate id destination host xm migrate l id destination host Novell Inc All rights reserved More xm Commands Hot plugging xm mem set xm block attach xm block detach Debugging xm info xm top xm dmesg For more information man xm xm help long Novell Inc All rights reserved Files amp Directories etc xen xend config sxp Machine wide configuration etc xen vm VM definition files etc xen auto VMs to auto start etc xen examples Example VM definition files etc xen scripts Scripts see xend config sxp var lib xen images VM disk images var log Log files whe
11. Physical Resources Examples Spare CPU Substitution CUOD N Use cases Virtualization allows for more flexibility Virtual Machines VM isolate hardware differences due to a abstracted resource layer between hardware and OS Decouples software stacks from hardware life cycles Dynamic provisioning reduces time to operation pre configured application stacks are faster to deploy Integrated high availability increases reliability cag VM Virtualization Layer Hardware 8 O Novell Inc All rights reserved SLES 10 VM Server SLES 9 and Windows XP Fully Virtualized VMs ata roots Home TightVNC HVMXEN WindowsXP e Trash E gt YaST Control Center linux Ma DL RR ST E A Install and Remove A Online Update SC See Change Source of e il 1 Installation into Directory System Installation SC Microsoft m A T d EE eet MEN ER Patch CD Update System Update In OWS Professional Network Services YOU Server i UML Installation Le Kante Lei Recycle Bin we S ER gt x i m Center lin Novell Inc All rights reserved u D QD da Wed Mar 1 16 00 pl Xen Technology Background Originally a research project from University of Cambridge Open source Xen 2 0 released November 2004 Xen 3 0 0 released December 2005 Xen 3 0 2 release May 2006 SLES 10 Target X
12. Ralf Dannert Technology Specialist rdannert novell com 2 Agenda e Use cases e Terminology and Architecture e VM installation e Using Xen Case Studies Roadmap e Novell offerings e Helpful Links do Aa apen Pacs Coop O BEL Ape fn O Novell Inc All rights reserved Server Virtualization Analyst s View Server Virtualization Shipments 2004 2009 6 000 000 5 000 000 4 000 000 3 000 000 Units 2 000 000 1 000 000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Mi Virtualized physical servers JLogical servers Source IDC 2006 3 Novell Inc All rights reserved Strategic Planning Assumption Aggregated virtualization technologies will reach the peak of the Server Hype Cycle by 2008 0 7 probability Virtual machine hypervisors will mature quickly and adoption will grow so that they will reach the Plateau of Productivity by 2009 0 8 probability Server Virtualization on the Hype Cycle for Server Technologies visibility Multiple OSs on a single server concurrently ee without using a general purpose host OS Hypervisor Using computers 5 Multiple owned by C applications more than one Grid on an OS organization to Comput H accomplish ing D Hanes Shared OS Virtualization gO gt Virtual Machine CH nd Propri 1 OS Based o Hardware Partitioning Aggregating a Pii Ud ggregated O i T distributed vu idees E Allocating physical comp
13. State Migrate Suspend show Log lui a curs Lala ILOHVV vi Alte dg A JO LS show the Adam View VM Type Vendor unknown VM Image Location unknown Max VMs Per Host 1000 Required Virtual Memory 200 Startup Timeout iutdo nea Default Idle Timeout gt VM Host Ranking iho ide VM Host Groups EHengHost VM Hosts EH engHost vmTemplate1 5 EE A aan AAA 88 O Novell Inc All rights reserved OS Information OS Name Os Version OS Family OS Vendor OS Vendor String r r Im ER ap i gr m OS File Path separato sf KK unknown unknown WI Fran vl ol ua n e Count 8 Explorer SEN Grid chip ii iab e ui PaulDesktop amp EEN Server Admin 9 B3 Jobs SEI all 3 EM provision quickie amp T subjobs e Gr provisionAdapters 2 provision gi quickie LE Resources o al all e al production Er al testing Q EE vis 4 x redhat Lu websrer BZ win2k ES winxp o da Users i alc devPortal amp gmsSystem amp FS VM Hosts E amp Provisioner Job Scheduler amp 7 Policies amp 77 Computed Facts 02550 rena amseyste esa uauncningwm Winds Help Request Time amp VM Inst Reg UserID Reg Job ID WM Host State Current Action Provisin Action Elap vM
14. at can run a modified operating system which cooperates with the VMM VT Computer Computer supporting HVM Intel VT AMD Standard Computer A computer that does not support virtualization technology and therefore can run Xen VMs only in paravirtual mode Native Operating System A typical operating system that is not optimized for the VM environment and must run in fully virtual mode 14 Novell Inc All rights reserved Privilege Rings Xen runs at ring 0 highest privilege All domains run at rings 1 3 Kernel is ring 1 User space Is ring 3 Applications Applications ring 3 domain 0 management Kernel ring 1 ring 0 E PNA SI A m 3rf 1VA J A ra li iy ai IGIUVVAICTC Novell Inc All rights reserved N Hardware assisted virtualization VT Computer run multiple OS concurrently eprotected execution environments priviledge ring expansion Simplify hypervisor Intel VT for directed I O VT d direct assign I O no emulated drivers necessary 16 Novell Inc All rights reserved N Extending Intel Virtualization Technology support for I O device virtualization direct I O virtualization to the chipset VT d Currently I O devices aren t aware of virtualization and must go through the VMM before being assigned to a virtual machine Software emulation slow Performance gt 1 0 requests must traverse two I O stacks guest and host Functi
15. device drivers and agents needed by specific hardware Server Management gt Physical amp Virtual Provisioning gt Patching Agent gt Application Deployment gt Registration amp Licensing 76 Novell Inc All rights reserved N ZENworks Orchestrator Features Continued Erwelterbare Job Definition Sprache Python Regeln XML Format Orchestration Server Voreinstellungen historischer Daten Ressourcen Optimierung Regelbasiert Reservieren der Ressourcen Vorrang kritischer Aufgaben ereignisorientiert 77 O Novell Inc All rights reserved ZENworks Virtual Machine Management N Features Heterogenes Virtual Machine Management VMware Xen Microsoft Entdecken der Server f r VM Kommissionierung Off On line Vm s amp Templates Deployment re deployment rollback Assozileren physischer virtueller und Storage Compute Nodes 78 O Novell Inc All rights reserved ZENworks Virtual Machine Management Features Cluster aware Virtualisierung Redundanz Hochverf gbarkeit Disaster Recovery Regel basiertes dynamisches Workload Deployment Job Zuweisung amp Regelausf hrung Verteilen und Bewegen der Workloads dynamisch 79 O Novell Inc All rights reserved Novell Portfolio Integration Applications Virtual Machines Consolidation e Migration Effective hardware utilization Virtual Storage Volume ma
16. en 3 0 4 SLES 10 SP1 Target 11 Novell Inc All rights reserved 12 N Xen Community Terminology Domain A container for a running virtual machine Colloquially the VM itself Domain 0 The first domain Privileged to manage other domains a k a dom Unprivileged domain Any domain other than domain 0 Cannot manage other domains a k a domU Driver domain A domain that contains physical drivers Usually this is just domain 0 Physical driver A device driver usually in the driver domain that talks to the hardware Virtual driver A device driver usually in a domU that fullfills requests by going to the physical driver Novell Inc All rights reserved 13 N Full amp Paravirtualization Overview Full Virtualization Paravirtualization Apps Apps Apps Apps Operating Operating Operating Operating ystem ystem ystem ystem Virtual Machine Monitor Virtual Machine Monitor HW Platform Runtime modification of Guest OS Static modification of Guest OS prior to VMM manages the conflict then runtime Privileged instruction calls are returns to OS exchanged with API functions provided by the VMM HW Platform Almost no performance degradation Significant scalability Novell Inc All rights reserved Novell Terminology Fully Virtual A VM mode that can run a native unmodified operating system by emulating all hardware devices Paravirtual A VM mode th
17. es CIMOM CCM Agent Orchestration Agent VM Creator Auto YaST Sysprep Kickstart NetWare Resp File Monitoring Server Monitoring Associates physical w virtual 85 O Novell Inc Confidential amp Proprietary File Edit View Actions Provision Server Windows Help 4 DIC Explorer EEN ZOS di gms FI Server Admin o EE gms o BS Jobs o EY all 00 ij 2 Table View Icon view Show Detail FOCUS T Bri provisionAdapters 0 o BY systemAndDiscovery iJ las Resources TE III Hense HEEN o BI alley 5 06 Resource Slots Joblet History Resource Log um resourcel resources o BE physical 2 resourcel resources Count O fo ob Instance oblet Status o BB vus 0 D 7 da Users o administrators o BP all 3 B gms gt ystem B howell root o system i ER VM Hosts o EE all 0 a El Provisioner ij Job Scheduler a E Computer DZ 8 inux ohv Java 8 inu Wed Jan 10 436 PM D AR HERO Ad 86 Novell Inc All rights reserved File Edit Mig Matrix Provision Server Vi oss Help alrieglsleig se 1 el Explorer pp d6 al FE Hd d Ig o nl DI el gt E E el e VM Host Groups EI all y all vM Hosts EHesx3 Hess esx3 gt Chip S Er La lab e 1 SSKZ Se m di PaulDesktop ER Server Admin o B amp B Jobs Pif all 3 provision GI quickie gl subjobs e amp provi
18. jects related to Xen e Latest Novell s Xen externally available technical preview http forge novell com modules xfmod project xenpreview Latest code for test SLES 10 SLESS not production 71 Novell Inc All rights reserved 73 The Solution Management Blueprint i How do we get How do we A o EE an en ba gt towherewe check if our Planning EE i want to be milestones have to Implement zo been reached Service How do we keep the Management momentum going Business The Processes Technology Design Deploy Dashboard Workload definition Schedule Load Balance Orchestrate Accounting Pre emption Reservation Grid Policy Service Delivery amp Support Applications Mgmt Manage Incident Problem Availability Requirements Design Service Level Configuration Change Build Deploy Release Capacity Financial Operate Optimize Customers Services Create VM Allocate Storage Associate Users Bind to Network Creation Repository cama OS App Network Storage Personality Lifecycle Data Federated Configuration Management Database Relate Relationships Incidents Problems Known Errors and Changes associated with each Cl Lifecycle Management Asset Discovery Discover Dependency Mapping Service Catalog Event Capture Storage Discovery App Fingerprint O Novell Inc All rights reserved Security amp Identity Audit amp Co
19. l Inc All rights reserved setting up PV drivers for SLES9 N create new SLES9 VM edit boot grub menu Ist gt kernel vmlinuz kernel ver append hda noprobe shutdown VM xm delete vm name reference in xen store edit etc xen vm vm cfgfile gt remove parameter from vif line EXCEPT mac xm new xm cfgfile restart VM gt new HW found sys class net ethx drivers vit x verify PV drivers in use storage device drivers sys block hdx device nodename network card driver sys class net ethx driver vif x 65 Novell Inc All rights reserved Infos on Pricing amp Policies Easy pricing and policy is in place e Today we are charging for first instance physical or virtual first SLES 10 on physical machine or VMware etc http www novell com products server virtualization html e Outlook SLES 10 SLED 10 or vice versa gt pay first server like current policy OES2 Netware PV is planned to pay per user SLES 10 OES2 PV o FV Netware PV pay first server plus per user OES2 Netware SLES 10 pay first server plus per user 67 Novell Inc All rights reserved 68 Microsoft and Novell Collaborating on Virtualization and Interoperability Collaboration on software to enable SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 to run as a fully virtualized guest ES on SP1 of Virtual Server 2005 R2 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 add
20. mpliance 74 ZENworks Orchestration Server Resource Discovery Workload Management Dynamic Scheduling VM Lifecycle Mgmt Policy Management Auditing Accounting Autonomic Availability O Novell Inc All rights reserved ZENworks Orchestrator Machines Virtual OS Application stacks with V Virtual Management fault containment and e Image Creation and Repository intrusion protection e D ES Central CIM based Model gt Ww j Distributed Monitoring Virtual e Workload Orchestration I rr Physical Physical OS P Server Management Comprised of a hypervisor Physical and Virtual Provisioning device drivers and agents Patching Agent needed by specific hardware Application Deployment dX E A Registration and Licensing Storage Virtual r ea n t s usi Sg uc been aei e Storage Management Physical 9 75 Novell Inc All rights reserved ZENworks Orchestrator Features Agenten basiertes Entdecken Paralleles Ausf hren Abschatzung der Workloads Planen berwachung Nutzdaten Abrechnung Machines Virtual OS Application stacks with fault containment and intrusion protection VA M d Wi V Virtual Virtual Management 3 Image Creation amp Repository Central CIM based Model gt Distributed Monitoring gt Workload Orchestration Physical Physical OS Comprised of a hypervisor
21. n things go wrong usr share doc packages xen README SuSE Tips amp late breaking information Novell Inc All rights reserved 45 Convert VMware image to Xen image dd if dev zero of disk img bs 32k count 32k Virtual Hard Disk to Network Block Device mapper vmware loop p SLES9 0 vmdk modprobe nbd vmware loop SLES9 0 vmdk 2 1 Extract VMware partition from the device to the image file SLES9 img dd if dev nbd1 of tmp SLES9 img bs 32k inject the root FS into the Qemu image file disk img disk img x86 boot sector FREE DOS Beta 0 9 MBR fdisk disk img Units cylinders of 16065 512 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System disk img1 1 15 120456 82 Linux swap Solaris disk img2 16 130 923737 83 Linux fdisk dek mg need to skip swap space swap space ends at 16065 16 1 bytes 16065 15 240975 dd of disk img seek 240975 If tmp SLES9 img disk make partition active to boot from it Novell Inc All rights reserved N N Case Study HA Web Server Small office solution High available web server for non disruptive online business gt Redundant setup using 2 machines with SLES 10 LAMP stack and heartbeat2 Xen based apaches remote storage access via ISCSI and OCFS2 web shop application gt Automated load balancing and high availability easy extension of compute and storage resources Shared Storage B WET 4 4 O
22. nager High availability software Cluster file system Business Continuance 80 Novell Inc All rights reserved Resource Management Scheduling Patch management Deployment Grid ny Management Users groups resource association Pervasive infrastructure that relates these services together Utility Computing Virtual Machine Lifecycle Check in Version control Discover On box incubator Edit Config Change using Sandbox Runtime Facts temporary Create On box tool find Incubation job make Developer Actions Destroy Deploy Test provision Production Sandbox Monitor Status location state Performance realtime trends Availability Manage Lifecycle Cloning Location Runtime 81 Novell Inc All rights reserved Virtual Machine Lifecycle Control System maintains library of VMs and images hosts Like physical resources VMs have facts describing attributes VMs can be grouped Actions can be performed on VMs Provision Shutdown Suspend Create Template Create VM Create Template From Physical Create VM From Physical Clone VM Clone Online VM Clone Template Destroy Restart Migrate Check Status Template to Instance Instance to Template Affiliate With Host Make Standalone Checkpoint Restore Delete Cancel Action 82 Novell Inc All rights reserved N Virtual Machine Lifecycle Control cont
23. onality Guest OSes see only restricted sets of legacy devices Reliability gt Drivers are potentially undependable if they run as part of privileged software 17 Novell Inc All rights reserved Full Virtualization Mode on VT using qemu dm using device model ehypervisor intercepts mmio regions eforwards request to qemu 1 e read request to harddisk VM emulates the following devices requires the VM s operating system to install load and run its native device drivers e Network card AMD PCnet NE2000 e Disk drive IDE e Graphics card Cirrus Logic GD5446 VESA compliant VGA e Input PS 2 mouse and keyboard e Sound Creative Sound Blaster 16 Ensonig ES1370 Novell Inc All rights reserved N N Intel Pre and Post VT Virtualization Technology Pre and Post VT Ring 3 Ring 0 VMX Root Virtual Machine Monitor Intel Virtualization Technology VMM deprivileges the guest OS VMM has its own privileged into ring 1 and takes up ring 0 level where it executes OS unaware it is not running in No need to deprivilege the traditional ring 0 privilege guest OS e Requires compute intensive OS runs directly on the software translation to mitigate hardware source Intel 2006 19 O Novell Inc All rights reserved AMD IOMMU ein DomU OS not loaded at address O Xen direct access to memory difficult gt corruption ehypervisor intervenes in I O apply translation gt o
24. os i Are used to deploy physical machine specific hypervisors with those drivers and agents needed by specific hardware vendors Typically Hardware Vendors would create pDistros or build templates for their hardware Data Center Servers Physical Storage Arrays Virtual Storage EVMS amp CFS or segmented storage ZENworks Linux Management p v Distro Provisioning Patching Agent b Application Deployment Registration amp Licensing Data Center Storage Monitor Manage Analyze Respond 28 O Novell Inc All rights reserved 30 VM Installation using YaST Novell makes VM installation simple with YaST VM Installation using YaST on SLES 10 e Support for para virtualized guests e Support for fully virtualized guests Support for new installation or use of existing disk e Install over network SUSE or from CD DVD SUSE amp others Support for simple lifecycle management Start e Stop e View e Shutdown Novell Inc All rights reserved 31 SLES 10 VM Installation Using YaST Novell Inc Virtual Machine Installation Settings These settings define an initial virtual machine environment used to install an operating system Make changes as required After specifying the settings click Next to launch the OS installation program in a separate window Follow the on screen instructions to install the OS After completing the
25. rtual Machine are verified layers by Novell YES certification e Certified systems supported solution stacks and their combinations will be listed in YES certification bulletins 50 Novell Inc All rights reserved 51 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 Xen 3 0 2 support status Overview e Runs both SLES 10 VM Server SLES 10 VM 32 32bit and 64 64bit e VM server RAM support x86 4GB x86 PAE 16GB x86 64 32GB e Multiple vCPUs NICs and disks for VM Server e Multiple vCPUs vNICs and vDisks for VM e Technical preview allows to run different unmodified OS if hardware support is present full virtualization Maintenance update Oct 2006 Updated hypervisor to credit scheduler of Xen 3 0 3 for increased performance and scalability Several fixes to improve full virtualized OS installation and support more minor fixes see changelog O Novell Inc All rights reserved N Xen 3 0 2 support status 2 N Overview Xen unsupported features F Save Restore plan get to supported status with a maintenance update F Live Migration plan get to supported status with a maintenance update F Use of asynchronous IO with sparse file mounted loopback in Virtual Machine Server domO plan get to supported status with a maintenance update F Direct physical device access from Virtual Machines Support technical preview full virtualization support track bugs based on best effort 52 Novell
26. served N OES2 virtualization support e OES2 shares same common code base of SLE 10 SP1 e NetWare runs as paravirtualized OS 32 bit mode on 32bit and 64bit processor architectures that support the x86 x86 64 instruction set This includes x86 64 AMD64 Intel EM64T In this mode NetWare will be fully functional as a 32bit VM while allowing other virtual machines to fully benefit from the additional address space available on such architectures Workgroup servers NetWare migration to recent hardware High Availability 57 Novell Inc All rights reserved Virtualization Pilot Program Intel VT or AMD V hardware assisted Full Virtualization with PV Device Drivers SLES 9 and RHEL 4 MSFT WinXP 2000 2003 Increase in performance Novell Inc All rights reserved B j H P 4 si u E F d e s si S 3 f E 8 i cluster aware hosting of Xen domains e Howto use Heartbeat and EVMS in dom0 to create cluster aware logical volumes for hosting Xen domUs Heartbeat 2 0 4 or later EVMS 2 5 5 or later hb2 1 0 0 so is the EVMS plugin for Heartbeat2 Add these lines to your etc ha d ha cf respawn root sbin evmsd aplauth evms uld hacluster root 60 Novell Inc All rights reserved cluster aware hosting of Xen domainsN cont Start Heartbeat2 and it ll start the EVMS daemon on each node Renewal time frames are not
27. sionAdapters 2 amp l provisian GI quickie o E Resources gt al all amp Al production amp al testing 9 ME vus co a redhat 4 Action state VM Active no agent connection Li ABE 3900 aie DO Cl E Gi 08 ID Wi l m Im oo Wi waver E winzk 9 Y Users Available hs Feqall EH esxa Be redhat 4 9 Bar S Whi Instance Detail devPortal di umsavstem O g93 vM Hosts 3 Provisioner S Job Scheduler S Resource Information GMS Agenti amp Policies Resource Enabled e Host Marve IF Address Billing Rate Hinr 1 00 Bill For walltime Le Power Factor 4 000 Load Average 0 000 ce Info x Show Inherited Fact Values From Policies amp Groups 87 Novell Inc All rights reserved OO E EEN Grid v BY Chip EEN Server Admin gt ES Jobs F ES Resources gt fA all gt Users WEA Provisioner T ES VM Host Manager Y EEN all 5 EH appserverH b EH engHost gt EH labHost EH labHostl wmTemp EH labHost2 v EEN QA 1 gt EH engHost Le E Bare Metal Manager ES Job Scheduler gt 2 Policies gt Computed Facts gt lab3 eng PaulDesktop ray desktop Explorer Policy v lt gt amp E 3c s a DOLL 2 A gan EN engh WM Instance Detail Show Admin View Virtual Machine Configuration Shutdown Shutdown Hard Kestart Check
28. stem drivers hypervisor vmm 26 Novell Inc All rights reserved Bulun 24129dS SIEMPIEY e vDistro Tailored for application stacks able to run on any pDistro application s libraries operating system configuration kernel virtual drivers 33U8193 0 nes pue ANDES Bulun diyidads uone2tidde N Xen Technology Architecture cont virtual machine server paravirtual domU s full virtual domU virtual machine virtual machine virtual machine Linux Kernel Linux NetWare Guest Kernel Kernel Kernel Physical A Drivers CIA IAA AAA AAA T H Direct IO Path t EE Mis LE M EE e XEN Hivpervisor VITIO DIR EE Direct IO Path Virtual Machine Monitor from VM Intel VT IO amp Platform Devices Hardware Memory amp CPU Disk LAN USB BMC IPMI ACPI etc x86 x86 64 EM64T AMD Virtualization Physical Machine 27 Novell Inc All rights reserved N Emerging Virtual Architectures vDistros vDistros Are used to deploy virtual machines on any Application stack distribution physical server and to move application stacks sa noel and e between them in real time Novell Customer n Center Virtual Machines 5 XEN VMW a IMI MN II IMI VM Management e Incubator amp Warehouse e Central CIM based Model Distributed p v Monitoring e Workload Orchestration Physical pDistr
29. tc xen examples xmexamplel etc xen vm MyVm Fields to change If manual kernel kernel The location of the kernel as visible from domO initrd nix centric Extra module for kernel as per Multiboot specificiation if domUloader bootloader usr lib xen boot domUloader py bootentry paths of kernel and initrd to extract from VM s disk memory Memory to give the guest in megabytes name The name must be unique among running VMs vif List of virtual network interfaces disk This maps the disk device visible in domain 0 to the device in the guest root nix centric Device containing root filesystem extra nix centric Extra kernel arguments e g runlevel Novell Inc All rights reserved i e etc xen vm sles10pv disk file var lib xen images sles10pv hda hda w phy dev hdc hdb r memory 256 vcpus 1 builder linux name sles10pv vif mac 00 16 3e 41 09 60 localtime 0 on_poweroff destroy on reboot restart on crash restart extra TERM xterm bootloader usr lib xen boot domUloader py bootentry hda2 boot vmlinuz xen boot initrd xen Novell Inc All rights reserved N letc xen examples xmexample iscsi kernel boot vmlinuz xen ramdisk boot initrd xen memory 128 name nbd Please change MAC vif mac 00 16 e3 10 00 a0 bridge xenbro Replaced the in the iname with disk Iscsi ign 2006 09 de suse Q
30. tween VMs Yes Ability to dynamically grow shrink hardware resources Yes Open source Commodity hardware Ease of deployment Use YaST Support From Novell O Novell Inc All rights reserved Booting VM Server Xen N If you selected the Xen pattern during installation Grub should be correct Installing kernel xen or kernel xenpae later should update Grub also Select XEN boot option from Grub Grub loads Xen Linux kernel and initrd Xen initializes then hands control to Linux kernel Novell Inc All rights reserved N Troubleshooting Boot Loader Copy modify the normal entry in boot grub menu lst tltle Xen root hd0 0 kernel boot xen gz dom0 mem 65536 module boot vmlinuz xen root dev hdal vga 0x3la selinux 0 splash silent resume dev hda2 elevator as showopts module boot initrd xen Note e domO memi is in KB Optional Defaults to taking nearly all memory Copy kernel args verbatim e Specify module not initrd 36 Novell Inc All rights reserved Daemons xend Required e Runs in VM Server Must be running to access management commands Manages VM configuration xendomains Optional e Starts or restores VMs when VM Server starts Stops or saves or migrates VMs when VM Server stops 37 O Novell Inc All rights reserved 38 VM Configuration Files Use an example file as a template cp e
31. uting hardware assets resources for Multiple OSs on a single server of a single system use by an O5 concurrently using a for multiple OSs eneral purpose host OS As of July 2006 Technology es Trough of si f Enliah Plateau of Trigger pypactations Pisillusionment ele isla Productivity Plateau will be reached in maturity O less than 2 years O 2to 5 years Sto 10 years A more than 10 years before plateau Gartner N Executive Summary e Novell product portfolio offers choice Customers can choose to deploy virtualization technologies provided by Novell and other VT vendors Novell virtualization strategy is focused on Xen Customer demand for server consolidation and price performance will foster rapid acceptance Novell supports customers Virtual Machine Server Hardware from partners and Virtual Machine configurations are listed in YES certification bulletins Novell Technical Services supports installation and operation 5 Novell Inc All rights reserved HA DS 4 J d F Uses of Virtualization Virtual Resources Physical Resources Examples VMs LPARs Virtual Disks VLANs Virtual Resources Physical Resources Examples iSCSI Architecture Emulators 7 Novell Inc All rights reserved Virtual Resources Physical Resources Examples Virtual Disks Virtual Storage Pools Virtual Resources
32. verhead solutions Yewrite graphics driver HW to support IOMMU AMD IOMMU provides isolation and memory protection eLOMMU device remap address accessed by HW Main memory Physical addresses Device aHdresses Virtual afidresses Device 20 O Novell Inc All rights reserved i Ring Buffers N Network disk I O is done via shared memory asynchronous ring buffers One ring per VM reduces cross talk Events replace hardware interrupts for notifications Page for page swap between VM and Xen er request producer request consun response consumer a response producer 21 O Novell Inc All rights reserved Xen Architecture Simple View Netware Vd Hypervisor Pd Physical Device Driver Vd Virtual Device Driver Xen Architecture Simple View Netware Pd Physical Device Driver Vd Virtual Device Driver Xen Architecture Simple View NAMES Pd Physical Device Driver Vd Virtual Device Driver Xen Architecture Simple View Netware Vd Hypervisor Hypervisor is the virtual interface to the hardware virtualizes the Hardware hardware e manages conflicts caused by OS access to privileged machine instructions Pd Physical Device Driver Vd Virtual Device Driver Distribution pDistro Tuned thin platform distribution specialized for specific physical hardware management agents Oo sy
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