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Netgear WGR614 User's Manual

1. 5 2 Maintenance 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Table 5 1 Wireless Router Status Fields continued Field Description Wireless Port These parameters apply to the Wireless port of the router MAC Address This field displays the Media Access Controladdress being used by the Wireless port ofthe router Name SSID This field displays the wireless network name SSID being used by the wireless portof the router The defaultis NETGEAR Region This field displays the geographic region where the router being used It may be illegal to use the wireless features of the router in some parts of the world Channel Identifies the channelofthe wireless port being used See Wireless Channels on page D 7 for the frequencies used on each channel Click on the Connection Status button to display the connection status as shown below IP Address 10 1 0 44 Subnet Mask 255 255 254 0 Default Gateway 10 1 1 13 DHCP Server 10 1 1 6 m 10 1 1 6 DES Serve 10 11 56 Lease Obtained 1 days 0 hrs 0 minutes Lease Expires 0 days 23 hrs 55 minutes Close Window Figure 5 2 Connection Status screen This screen shows the following statistics Table 5 2 Connection Status Items Item Description IP Address The WAN Internet IP Address assigned to the router Subnet Mask The WAN Internet Subnet Mask assigned to the r
2. Rename this connection Create Shertar e Now the Network Connection window Vow status of thes eps p weetn anane displays A Shange settings of this Properties The Connections List that shows all the network connections set up on the PC located to the right of the window otas e Right click on the Connection you will use and choose Status C 10 Preparing Y our Network 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 e Now you should be at the Local Area Network Connection Status window This box displays the connection status duration speed and activity statistics e Administrator logon access rights are needed to use this window e Click the Properties button to view details about the connection Local Area Connection Status General Support Connection Status Connected 01 40 23 100 0 Mbps Duration Speed Activity Sent zA Received Packets 138 143 243 057 _ Properties e The TCP IP details are presented on the Support tab page e Select Internet Protocol and click Properties to view the configuration information 4 Local Area Connection Properties General Authentication Advanced Connect using E9 Intel R PRO 100 VE Network Connection This connection uses the following items Client for Microsoft Networks v 8 File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks E QoS Packet Scheduler M Inte
3. 12 Glossary 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Wi Fi Protected Access WPA WPA is a security technology for wireless networks that improves on the authentication and encryption features of WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy In fact WPA was developed by the networking industry in response to the shortcomings of WEP One of the key technologies behind WPA is the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP TKIP addresses the encryption weaknesses of WEP Another key component of WPA is built in authentication that WEP does not offer With this feature WPA provides roughly comparable security to VPN tunneling with WEP with the benefit of easier administration and use This is similar to 802 1x support and requires a RADIUS server in order to implement The Wi Fi Alliance will call this WPA Enterprise One variation of WPA is called WPA Pre Shared Key or WPA PSK for short this provides an authentication alternative to an expensive RADIUS server WPA PSK is a simplified but still powerful form of WPA most suitable for home Wi Fi networking To use WPA PSK a person sets a static key or passphrase as with WEP But using TKIP WPA PSK automatically changes the keys at a preset time interval making it much more difficult for hackers to find and exploit them The Wi Fi Alliance will call this WPA Personal Wi Fi Protected Access and IEEE 802 111 Comparison Wi Fi Protected Access will be fo
4. AccountName This field displays the HostName assigned to the router Firmware Version This field displays the router firmware version Internet P ort MAC Address IP Address DHCP IP Subnet Mask These parameters apply to the Internet WAN port of the router This field displays the Media Access Control address being used by the Internet WAN portof the router This field displays the IP address being used by the Internet WAN port of the router If no address is shown the router cannot connect to the Internet Ifset to None the router is configured to use a fixed IP address on the WAN lf setto Client the router is configured to obtain an IP address dynamically from the ISP This field displays the IP SubnetM ask being used by the Internet WAN portofthe router MAC Address IP Address IP Subnet Mask DHCP DNS This field displays the Domain Name Server addresses being used by the router LAN Port These parameters apply to the Local LAN port of the router This field displays the Media Access Control address being used by the LAN port ofthe router This field displays the IP address being used by the Local LAN port of the router The default is 192 168 1 1 This field displays the IP Subnet Mask being used by the Local LAN portofthe router The defaultis 255 255 255 0 Identifies ifthe router s built in DHCP server is active for the LAN attached devices
5. C A INTERNET p amm P Cable or oad 3 Client connects to network DLS modem Client gt attempting to connect Servers PC s Figure 7 1 Open system authentication Shared Key Authentication The following steps occur when two devices use Shared Key Authentication 1 The station sends an authentication request to the access point 2 The access point sends challenge text to the station 3 The station uses its configured 64 bit or 128 bit default key to encrypt the challenge text and sends the encrypted text to the access point 4 The access point decrypts the encrypted text using its configured WEP Key that corresponds to the station s default key The access point compares the decrypted text with the original challenge text If the decrypted text matches the original challenge text then the access point and the station share the same WEP Key and the access point authenticates the station 5 The station connects to the network If the decrypted text does not match the original challenge text the access point and station do not share the same WEP Key then the access point will refuse to authenticate the station and the station will be unable to communicate with either the 802 11 network or Ethernet network D 4 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 This process is illustrated below 802 11b Authentication Shar
6. Preparing Y our Network 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 e Click on the My Network Places icon on the Windows desktop This will bring up a window called Network and Dial up Connections e Right click on Local Area Connection and select Properties Local Area Connection Properties General e The Local Area Connection Properties l dialog box appears Connect using a 3Com 10 100 Mini PCI Ethernet Adapter e Verify that you have the correct Ethernet card selected in the Connect using box Components checked are used by this connection M E Client for Microsoft Networks 8 File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks Internet Protocol TCP IP e Verify that at least the following two items are displayed and selected in the box of Components checked are used by this connection e Client for Microsoft Networks and Install Uninstall Properties e Internet Protocol TCP IP Description Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol The default e Click OK wide area network protocol that provides communication across diverse interconnected networks J Show icon in taskbar when connected OK Cancel Preparing Your Network C 13 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties E 2 x
7. General You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network supports e With Internet Protocol TCP IP selected Plein eer ll need to ask your network administrator for click on Properties to open the Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties dialogue box Obtain an IP address automatically C Use the following IP address e Verify that meene EN Subnet mask Ee eee e Obtain an IP address automatically is cc ee a selected Obtain DNS server address automatically s Obtain DNS server address mC Use the following DNS server addresses automatically is selected Preferred DNS server Altemate DNS server e Click OK to return to Local Area Connection Properties Advanced F Local Area Connection Properties 2 x General Connect using e Click OK agan to complete the a 3Com EtherLink XL 10 100 PCI NIC 3C905 Tx configuration process for Windows 2000 Restart the PC Components checked are used by this connection E Client for Microsoft Networks File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft N M Y Intenet Protocol TCP IP Install Uninstall Properties Description Allows other computers to access resources on your computer using a Microsoft network Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network J Show icon in taskbar when connected OK Cancel C 14 Preparing Y our Network
8. Initial Configuration 1 Insert the Resource CD into the CD drive on your PC The following screen appears NETGEAR SMART Ww I Z A R D installation assistant 6 54 Mbps Wireless Router Click SETUP to get started DOCUMENTATION BONUS ITEMS EXIT Figure 3 1 Smart Wizard Installation Assistant Startup screen 2 Click Setup and follow the instructions The Smart Wizard Installation Assistant will guide you through the setup process e How to change your cabling e How to connect to the Internet e How to configure your wireless settings When you get to the wireless settings you will have to select the country where you are located and decide whether you want to have security on your wireless links Netgear strongly recommends enabling security Depending on the type of security you select you will also have to enter security key or passphrase information see Wireless Settings on page 3 9 for information on the wireless authentication and encryption parameters 3 2 Configuring the Internetand Wireless Settings 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 If you want to change your Internet or wireless settings later see Changing Your Configuration on page 3 5 Logging Into Your Router To log into your router after you have configured your router do the following 1 Type hittp www routerlogin net in the address field
9. Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 How Does WPA Compare to WPA2 IEEE 802 11i WPA is forward compatible with the WPA2 security specification WPA is a subset of WPA2 and used certain pieces of the early 802 111 draft such as 802 1x and TKIP The main pieces of WPA2 that are not included in WPA are secure IBSS Ad Hoc mode secure fast handoff for specialized 802 11 VoIP phones as well as enhanced encryption protocols such as AES CCMP These features were either not yet ready for market or required hardware upgrades to implement What are the Key Features of WPA and WPA2 Security The following security features are included in the WPA and WPA2 standard e WPA and WPA2 Authentication e WPA and WPA2 Encryption Key Management Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP Michael message integrity code MIC AES support WPA2 requires hardware support e Support for a mixture of WPA WPA2 and WEP wireless clients to allow a migration strategy but mixing WEP and WPA WPA2 is discouraged These features are discussed below WPA WPA2 addresses most of the known WEP vulnerabilities and is primarily intended for wireless infrastructure networks as found in the enterprise This infrastructure includes stations access points and authentication servers typically RADIUS servers The RADIUS server holds or has access to user credentials for example user names and passwords and authenticates wireles
10. TCP IP RIP 1 RIP 2 DHCP PPP over Ethernet PPPoE 120V 60 Hz input 240V 50 Hz input 230V 50 Hz input 100V 50 60 Hz input 12 V DC 1A output 22W maximum 28x175x119 mm 1 1 x 6 89 x 4 68 in 0 3 kg 0 66 Ib O to 40 C 322to 104 F 90 maximum relative humidity noncondensing FCC Part15 Class B VCCI Class B EN 55 022 CISPR 22 Class B C Tick N10947 1OBASE T or 100BASE Tx RJ 45 1OBASE T or 100BASE Tx RJ 45 Technical Specifications A 1 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Wireless Radio Data Rates Frequency Data Encoding Maximum Computers Per Wireless Network Operating Frequency Ranges 802 11 Security 1 2 5 5 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbps Auto Rate Sensing 2 4 2 5Ghz 802 11b DirectSequence Spread Spectrum DSSS 802 119 Orthogonal Frequency Division M ultiplexing OFDM Limited by the amountofwireless network traffic generated by each node Typically 30 70 nodes 2 412 2 462 GHz US 2 457 2 462 GHz Spain 2 412 2 484 GHz Japan 2 457 2 472 GHz France 2 412 2 472 GHz Europe ETSI 40 bits also called 64 bits and 128 bits WEP and WPA PSK A 2 Technical Specifications 202 10099 01 April 2005 Appendix B Network Routing Firewall and Basics This chapter provides an overview of IP networks routing and networking Related Publications As you read this document you may be
11. Appendix B Network Routing Firewall and Basics The WGR614 v6 router is shipped preconfigured as a DHCP server The router assigns the following TCP IP configuration information automatically when the PCs are rebooted e PC or workstation IP addresses 192 168 1 2 through 192 168 1 254 e Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 e Gateway address the router 192 168 1 1 These addresses are part of the IETF designated private address range for use in private networks Configuring Windows 95 98 and Me for TCP IP Networking As part of the PC preparation process you need to manually install and configure TCP IP on each networked PC Before starting locate your Windows CD you may need to insert it during the TCP IP installation process Install or Verify Windows Networking Components To install or verify the necessary components for IP networking 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network icon The Network window opens which displays a list of installed components C 4 Preparing Y our Network 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Network x Configuration Identification Access Control The following network components are installed E Client for Microsoft Networks NETGEAR FA310TX Fast Ethernet PCI Adapter Eroperties Primary Network Logon Client for Microsoft Ne
12. Block Sites Keyword Blocking Never O Per Schedule O Always Type keyword or domain name here i ahd see na Add Keyword Block sites containing these keywords or domain names discodanny Delete Keyword Clear List C Allow Trusted IP Address To Visit Blocked Sites Trusted IP Address 0 J0 0 llo Figure 4 1 Block Sites menu To enable keyword blocking select either Per Schedule or Always then click Apply If you want to block by schedule be sure that a time period is specified in the Schedule menu To add a keyword or domain type it in the Keyword box click Add Keyword then click Apply To delete a keyword or domain select it from the list click Delete Keyword then click Apply Keyword application examples e Ifthe keyword XXX is specified the URL lt http www badstuff com xxx html gt is blocked 4 2 Content Filtering 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 e Ifthe keyword com is specified only Web sites with other domain suffixes such as edu or gov can be viewed e Ifyou wish to block all Internet browsing access during a scheduled period enter the keyword 6609 and set the schedule in the Schedule menu To specify a Trusted User enter that PC s IP address in the Trusted User box and click Apply You may specify one Trusted User which is a PC that will be exempt from blocking and logging Sin
13. Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 NETGEAR NETGEAR Inc 4500 GreatAmerica Parkway Santa Clara CA 95054 USA 202 10099 01 April 2005 202 10099 01 April 2005 2005 by NETGEAR Inc All rights reserved April 2005 Trademarks NETGEAR is a trademark of Netgear Inc Microsoft Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Federal Communications Commission FCC Compliance Notice Radio Frequency Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular insta
14. 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows NT4 Once you have installed the network card you need to configure the TCP IP environment for Windows NT 4 0 Follow this procedure to configure TCP IP with DHCP in Windows NT 4 0 e Choose Settings from the Start Menu and then select Control Panel This will display Control Panel window Network 2 x Identification Services Protocols Adapters Bindings m Windows uses the following information to identify your computer on the network You may change the name for te Double click the Network icon in the 2 this computer and the workgroup or domain that it will i appear in Control Panel window Computer Name DOCBERT NT The Network panel will display Workgroup emoa Select the Protocols tab to continue Preparing Your Network C 15 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 e Highlight the TCP IP Protocol in the Network Protocols box and click on the Properties button Network 2 x Identification Services Protocols Adapters Bindings Network Protocols FTCPAP Protocol Add Remave Description Preparing Y our Network 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 The TCP IP Properties dialog box
15. 22W maximum Four Local LAN 10 100 Mbps Ethernet ports for connecting the router to the local computers Internet WAN Ethernet port for connecting the router to a cable or DSL modem Factory Default Reset push button for Restoring the Default Configuration and Password Wireless antenna Introduction 2 7 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 2 8 202 10099 01 April 2005 Introduction Chapter 3 Configuring the Internet and Wireless Settings This chapter describes how to use the Smart Wizard Installation Assistant on the Resource CD to configure your wireless router s Internet connection and wireless parameters Once you are connected to the Internet and your wireless connections are working you can also configure the router s content filtering parameters if you need to change the default settings See Chapter 4 Content Filtering If you are an advanced user you can also configure maintenance see Chapter 5 Maintenance and advanced see Chapter 6 Advanced Configuration of the Router settings if you need to change the factory defaults Note Do not change your existing Internet connection Instead let the Smart Wizard Installation Assistant on the Resource CD guide you through the setup process Configuring the Internetand Wireless Settings 3 1 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6
16. April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Configuring Services Blocking by IP Address Range Under Filter Services For you can block the specified service for a single computer a range of computers having consecutive IP addresses or all computers on your network Scheduling When Blocking Will Be Enforced The WGR614 v6 router allows you to specify when blocking will be enforced The Schedule menu is shown below Schedule Days To Block M Every day F Sunday Monday I Tuesday F Wednesday I Thursday I Friday I Saturday Time Of Day To Block use 24 hour clack M All Day Start Blocking L Hour J Min End Blocking Hour Min Cancel Figure 4 4 Schedule menu e Use this schedule for blocking content Check this box if you wish to enable a schedule for Content Filtering Click Apply e Days to Block Select days to block by checking the appropriate boxes Select Everyday to check the boxes for all days Click Apply e Time of Day to Block Select a start and end time in 23 59 format Select All day for 24 hour blocking Click Apply Be sure to select your Time Zone in the E Mail menu Content Filtering 4 5 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web Access The log is a detailed record of what Web sites you have accessed or attempted to access Up to 128 entries
17. Internet Service Provider Other A Login guest Password 5 Service Name If Required Idle Timeout In Minutes Internet IP Address Get Dynamically From ISP oO A m Oo R C Use Static IP Address E f Domain Name Server DNS Address Get Automatically From ISP C Use These DNS Servers Primary DNS eP lp lp lp Secondary DNS LICL IE 1 Apply Cancel Test Apply _Cnnest Tam Figure 3 5 Basic Settings screens The Basic Settings pages allow you to configure upgrade and check the status of your NETGEAR Wireless Router Configuring the Internetand Wireless Settings 3 5 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Click an item in the leftmost column The current settings or information for that area appear in the center column Helpful information related to the selected Settings page appears in this column If you are using Internet Explorer you may click an item in the center column to jump directly to the related help section otherwise scroll down until you reach it For the most current documentation go to http kbserver netgear com products_automatic WGR614v6 asp Note If you are setting up the router for the first time the default settings may work for you with no changes Does Your Internet Connection Require A Login Select this option based on the type of account you have with your ISP If you need to enter login information every ti
18. interoperability among 802 11 devices The 802 11 standard offers two methods for configuring a wireless network ad hoc and infrastructure Infrastructure Mode With a wireless Access Point you can operate the wireless LAN in the infrastructure mode This mode provides wireless connectivity to multiple wireless network devices within a fixed range or area of coverage interacting with wireless nodes via an antenna In the infrastructure mode the wireless access point converts airwave data into wired Ethernet data acting as a bridge between the wired LAN and wireless clients Connecting multiple Access Points via a wired Ethernet backbone can further extend the wireless network coverage As a mobile computing device moves out of the range of one access point it moves into the range of another As a result wireless clients can freely roam from one Access Point domain to another and still maintain seamless network connection Wireless Networking Basics D 1 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Ad Hoc Mode Peer to Peer Workgroup In an ad hoc network computers are brought together as needed thus there is no structure or fixed points to the network each node can generally communicate with any other node There is no Access Point involved in this configuration This mode enables you to quickly set up a small wireless workgroup and allows workgroup members to exchange data or share p
19. servers or EAP framework Wi Fi Protected Access runs in a special home mode This mode also called Pre Shared Key PSK allows the use of manually entered keys or passwords and is designed to be easy to set up for the home user All the home user needs to do is enter a password also called a master key in their access point or home wireless gateway and each PC that is on the Wi Fi wireless network Wi Fi Protected Access takes over automatically from that point First the password allows only devices with a matching password to join the network which keeps out eavesdroppers and other unauthorized users Second the password automatically kicks off the TKIP encryption process described above Glossary 13 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Wi Fi Protected Access for Public Access The intrinsic encryption and authentication schemes defined in Wi Fi Protected Access may also prove useful for Wireless Internet Service Providers WISPs offering Wi Fi public access in hot spots where secure transmission and authentication is particularly important to users unknown to each other The authentication capability defined in the specification enables a secure access control mechanism for the service providers and for mobile users not utilizing VPN connections Wi Fi Protected Access in Mixed Mode Deployment In a large network with many clients a likely scenario is that access points will be
20. 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 6 20 Advanced Configuration of the R outer 202 10099 01 April 2005 Chapter 7 Troubleshooting This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 After each problem description instructions are provided to help you diagnose and solve the problem Basic Functioning After you turn on power to the router the following sequence of events should occur 1 When power is first applied verify that the Power light is on 2 After approximately 10 seconds verify that a The power light is solid green b The LAN port lights are lit for any local ports that are connected c The Internet port light is lit If a port s light is lit a link has been established to the connected device If a LAN port is connected to a 100 Mbps device verify that the port s light is green If the port is 10 Mbps the light will be amber If any of these conditions does not occur refer to the appropriate following section Power Light Not On If the Power and other lights are off when your router is turned on e Make sure that the power cord is properly connected to your router and that the power supply adapter is properly connected to a functioning power outlet e Check that you are using the 12 V DC 1A power adapter supplied by NETGEAR for this product If the error persists you have a hardware problem and shoul
21. 12 Network R outing Firewall and Basics 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Key A UPLINK OR MDI PORT as on a PC B Normal or MDI X port as on a hub or switch 1 2 3 6 Pin numbers Figure B 4 Straight Through Twisted Pair Cable Figure B 5 illustrates crossover twisted pair cable Key B Normal or MDI X port as on a hub or switch 1 2 3 6 Pin numbers Figure B 5 Crossover Twisted Pair Cable Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 13 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Key 1 RJ 45 plug 2 Category 5 UTP patch cable Figure B 6 Category 5 UTP Cable with Male RJ 45 Plug at Each End Note Flat silver satin telephone cable may have the same RJ 45 plug However using telephone cable results in excessive collisions causing the attached port to be partitioned or disconnected from the network Uplink Switches Crossover Cables and MDI MDIX Switching In the wiring table above the concept of transmit and receive are from the perspective of the computer which is wired as Media Dependant Interface MDI In this wiring the computer transmits on pins 1 and 2 At the hub the perspective is reversed and the hub receives on pins 1 and 2 This wiring is referred to as Media Dependant Interface Crossover MDI X When connecting a computer to a computer or a hub port to another hu
22. Bits per second bps A measure of data transmission speed over communication lines based on the number of bits that can be sent or received per second Bits per second bps is often confused with bytes per second Bps While bits is a measure of transmission speed bytes is a measure of storage capability 8 bits make a byte so if a wireless network is operating at a bandwidth of 11 megabits per second 11 Mbps or 11 Mbits sec it is sending data at 1 375 megabytes per second 1 375 Mbps Bluetooth Wireless Technology A technology specification for linking portable computers personal digital assistants PDAs and mobile phones for short range transmission of voice and data across a global radio frequency band without the need for cables or wires Bluetooth is a frequency hopping technology in the 2 4 GHz frequency spectrum with a range of 30 feet and up to 11Mbps raw data throughput Bridge A product that connects a local area network LAN to another local area network that uses the same protocol for example wireless Ethernet or token ring Wireless bridges are commonly used to link buildings in campuses Client or Client devices Any computer connected to a network that requests services files print capability from another member of the network Clients are end users Wi Fi client devices include PC Cards that slide into laptop computers mini PCI modules embedded in laptop computers and mobile computing devices as well as U
23. Gateway IP Address which must be a router on the same LAN segment as the router Type a number between 1 and 15 as the Metric value This represents the number of routers between your network and the destination Usually a setting of 2 or 3 works but if this is a direct connection set it to 1 Click Apply to have the static route entered into the table As an example of when a static route is needed consider the following case e Your primary Internet access is through a cable modem to an ISP e You have an ISDN router on your home network for connecting to the company where you are employed This router s address on your LAN is 192 168 1 100 e Your company s network is 134 177 0 0 Advanced Configuration of the Router 6 15 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 When you first configured your router two implicit static routes were created A default route was created with your ISP as the gateway and a second static route was created to your local network for all 192 168 1 x addresses With this configuration if you attempt to access a device on the 134 177 0 0 network your router will forward your request to the ISP The ISP forwards your request to the company where you are employed and the request will likely be denied by the company s firewall In this case you must define a static route telling your router that 134 177 0 0 should be accessed through the ISDN rou
24. Internet Explorer click Refresh to be sure the Java applet is loaded e Try quitting the browser and launching it again e Make sure you are using the correct login information The factory default login name is admin and the password is password Make sure that CAPS LOCK is off when entering this information If the router does not save changes you have made in the Web Configuration Interface check the following e When entering configuration settings be sure to click the APPLY button before moving to another menu or tab or your changes are lost e Click the Refresh or Reload button in the Web browser The changes may have occurred but the Web browser may be caching the old configuration Troubleshooting 7 3 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Troubleshooting the ISP Connection If your router is unable to access the Internet you should first determine whether the router is able to obtain a WAN IP address from the ISP Unless you have been assigned a static IP address your router must request an IP address from the ISP You can determine whether the request was successful using the Web Configuration Manager To check the WAN IP address 1 Launch your browser and select an external site such as www netgear com Access the Main Menu of the router s configuration at http www routerlogin net Under the Maintenance heading select Router Status Check that an IP ad
25. Points in your network 3 10 Configuring the Internetand Wireless Settings 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 e Automatic Key Generation Passphrase Enter a word or group of printable characters in the Passphrase box and click the Generate button to automatically configure the WEP Key s If encryption strength is set to 64 bit then each of the four key boxes will automatically be populated with key values If encryption strength is set to 128 bit then only the selected WEP key box will automatically be populated with key values e Manual Entry Mode Select which of the four keys will be used and enter the matching WEP key information for your network in the selected key box For 64 bit WEP Enter ten hexadecimal digits any combination of 0 9 A F For 128 bit WEP Enter twenty six hexadecimal digits any combination of 0 9 A F WPA PSK Wi Fi Protected Access Pre Shared Key use WPA PSK standard encryption e Security Encryption WPA PSK Enter a word or group of printable characters in the Passphrase box The Passphrase must be 8 to 63 characters in length Default Factory Settings When you first receive your WGR614 v6 the default factory settings are shown below You can restore these defaults with the Factory Default Restore button on the rear panel After you install the WGR614 v6 router use the procedures below to customize any of the settings to better meet y
26. Remote Device After verifying that the LAN path works correctly test the path from your computer to a remote device From the Windows run menu type PING n 10 lt IP address gt where lt P address gt is the IP address of a remote device such as your ISP s DNS server If the path is functioning correctly replies as in the previous section are displayed If you do not receive replies Check that your computer has the IP address of your router listed as the default gateway If the IP configuration of your computer is assigned by DHCP this information will not be visible in your computer s Network Control Panel Verify that the IP address of the router is listed as the default gateway as described in Install or Verify Windows Networking Components on page C 9 7 6 Troubleshooting 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Check to see that the network address of your computer the portion of the IP address specified by the netmask is different from the network address of the remote device Check that your cable or DSL modem is connected and functioning If your ISP assigned a host name to your computer enter that host name as the Account Name in the Basic Settings menu Your ISP could be rejecting the Ethernet MAC addresses of all but one of your computers Many broadband ISPs restrict access by only allowing traffic from the MAC address of your broadb
27. Setup Options on page 6 7 Before starting you ll need to determine which type of service application or game you ll provide and the IP address of the computer that will provide each service Be sure the computer s IP address never changes To configure port forwarding to a local server Note To assure that the same computer always has the same IP address use the reserved fa P address feature of your WGR614 v6 router See Using Address Reservation on page 6 12 for instructions on how to use reserved IP addresses 1 From the Service amp Game box select the service or game that you will host on your network If the service does not appear in the list refer to the following section Adding a Custom Service 2 Enter the IP address of the local server in the corresponding Server IP Address box 3 Click the Add button 6 4 Advanced Configuration of the Router 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Adding a Custom Service To define a service game or application that does not appear in the Services amp Games list you must determine what port numbers are used by the service For this information you may need to contact the manufacturer of the program that you wish to use When you have the port number information follow these steps 1 Click the Add Custom Service button Ports Custom Services Service Name Service Type TCP UDP St
28. The reserved address will not be assigned until the next time the computer contacts the router s DHCP server Reboot the computer or access its IP configuration and force a DHCP release and renew To edit or delete a reserved address entry 1 Click the button next to the reserved address you want to edit or delete 2 Click Edit or Delete 6 12 Advanced Configuration of the Router 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Using a Dynamic DNS Service If your network has a permanently assigned IP address you can register a domain name and have that name linked with your IP address by public Domain Name Servers DNS However if your Internet account uses a dynamically assigned IP address you will not know in advance what your IP address will be and the address can change frequently In this case you can use a commercial dynamic DNS service who will allow you to register your domain to their IP address and will forward traffic directed at your domain to your frequently changing IP address Note If your ISP assigns a private WAN IP address such as 192 168 x x or 10 x x x a the dynamic DNS service will not work because private addresses will not be routed on the Internet The router contains a client that can connect to many popular dynamic DNS services You can select one of these services and obtain an account with them Then whenever your ISP assigned IP address
29. and WEP Data Encryption The absence of a physical connection between nodes makes the wireless links vulnerable to eavesdropping and information theft To provide a certain level of security the IEEE 802 11 standard has defined these two types of authentication methods e Open System With Open System authentication a wireless computer can join any network and receive any messages that are not encrypted D 2 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 e Shared Key With Shared Key authentication only those PCs that possess the correct authentication key can join the network By default IEEE 802 11 wireless devices operate in an Open System network Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP data encryption is used when the wireless devices are configured to operate in Shared Key authentication mode 802 11 Authentication The 802 11 standard defines several services that govern how two 802 11 devices communicate The following events must occur before an 802 11 Station can communicate with an Ethernet network through an access point such as the one built in to the WGR614 v6 1 Turn on the wireless station The station listens for messages from any access points that are in range The station finds a message from an access point that has a matching SSID The station sends an authentication request to the access point The access point authenticates the station Th
30. and WPA2 Wireless Security Wi Fi Protected Access WPA and WPA2 is a specification of standards based interoperable security enhancements that increase the level of data protection and access control for existing and future wireless LAN systems The IEEE introduced the WEP as an optional security measure to secure 802 11b Wi Fi WLANs but inherent weaknesses in the standard soon became obvious In response to this situation the Wi Fi Alliance announced a new security architecture in October 2002 that remedies the shortcomings of WEP This standard formerly known as Safe Secure Network SSN is designed to work with existing 802 11 products and offers forward compatibility with 802 11i the new wireless security architecture that has been defined by the IEEE D 8 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 WPA and WPA2 offer the following benefits e Enhanced data privacy e Robust key management e Data origin authentication e Data integrity protection The Wi Fi Alliance is now performing interoperability certification testing on Wi Fi Protected Access products Starting August of 2003 all new Wi Fi certified products have to support WPA NETGEAR is implementing WPA and WPA2 on client and access point products The 802 111 standard was ratified in 2004 How Does WPA Compare to WEP WEP is a data encryption method and is not intended as a user authent
31. and network devices such as a hub or switch Most office wired NICs operate at 10 Mbps Ethernet 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet or 10 100 Mbps dual speed High speed Gigabit and 10 Gigabit NIC cards are also available See PC Card PC card also called PCMCIA A removable credit card sized memory or I O input output device that fits into a Type 2 PCMCIA standard slot PC Cards are used primarily in PCs portable computers PDAs and laptops PC Card peripherals include Wi Fi cards memory cards modems NICs hard drives etc PCI adapter A high performance I O computer bus used internally on most computers Other bus types include ISA and AGP PCIs and other computer buses enable the addition of internal cards that provide services and features not supported by the motherboard or other connectors Peer to peer network also called Ad Hoc in WLANs A wireless or wired computer network that has no server or central hub or router All the networked PCs are equally able to act as a network server or client and each client computer can talk to all the other wireless computers without having to go through an access point or hub However since there is no central base station to monitor traffic or provide Internet access the various signals can collide with each other reducing overall performance PHY The lowest layer within the OSI Network Model It deals primarily with transmission of the raw bit stream over the PHYsical transport medium In the c
32. as merely flooding your site with more requests than it can handle A more sophisticated attack may attempt to exploit some weakness in the operating system used by your router or gateway Some operating systems can be disrupted by simply sending a packet with incorrect length information Ethernet Cabling Although Ethernet networks originally used thick or thin coaxial cable most installations currently use unshielded twisted pair UTP cabling The UTP cable contains eight conductors arranged in four twisted pairs and terminated with an RJ45 type connector A normal straight through UTP Ethernet cable follows the E A568B standard wiring as described below in Table B 1 Table B 1 UTP Ethernet cable wiring straight through Pin Wire color Signal 1 O range W hite Transmit Tx 2 Orange Transmit Tx 3 Green W hite Receive Rx 4 Blue 5 Blue W hite 6 Green Receive RX Network Routing Firewall and Basics 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Table B 1 UTP Ethernet cable wiring straight through continued Pin Wire color Signal 7 Brown W hite 8 Brown Category 5 Cable Quality Category 5 distributed cable that meets ANSI EIA TIA 568 A building wiring standards can be a maximum of 328 feet ft or 100 meters m in length divided as follows 20 ft 6 m between the hub and the patch panel if
33. e Links to PDF versions of the full manual and individual chapters 1 2 About This Manual 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 How to Print this Manual To print this manual you can choose one of the following several options according to your needs e Printing a Page in the HTML View Each page in the HTML version of the manual is dedicated to a major topic Use the Print button on the browser toolbar to print the page contents e Printing a Chapter Use the PDF of This Chapter link at the top left of any page Click the PDF of This Chapter link at the top right of any page in the chapter you want to print The PDF version of the chapter you were viewing opens in a browser window Note Your computer must have the free Adobe Acrobat reader installed in order to view and print PDF files The Acrobat reader is available on the Adobe Web site at http www adobe com Click the print icon in the upper left of the window Tip If your printer supports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper you can save paper and printer ink by selecting this feature e Printing the Full Manual Use the Complete PDF Manual link at the top left of any page Click the Complete PDF Manual link at the top left of any page in the manual The PDF version of the complete manual opens in a browser window Click the print icon in the upper left of the window Tip If your printer supports
34. hosts per network Such a structure is an inefficient use of addresses if each end of a routed link requires a different network number It is unlikely that the smaller office LANs would have that many devices You can resolve this problem by using a technique known as subnet addressing B 4 Network Routing Firewall and Basics 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical networks known as subnetworks Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64 000 nodes Most organizations do not use 64 000 nodes so there are free bits that can be reassigned Subnet addressing makes use of those bits that are free as shown below Class B O Network Subnet Node Figure B 2 Example of Subnetting a Class B Address A Class B address can be effectively translated into multiple Class C addresses For example the IP address of 172 16 0 0 is assigned but node addresses are limited to 255 maximum allowing eight extra bits to use as a subnet address The IP address of 172 16 97 235 would be interpreted as IP network address 172 16 subnet number 97 and node number 235 In addition to extending the number of addresses available subnet addressing provides other benefits Subnet addressing allows a network manager to construct an a
35. must match WEP key 2 on the client adapter and so on Note The AP and the client adapters can have different default WEP Keys as long as the keys are in the same order In other words the AP can use WEP key 2 as its default key to transmit while a client adapter can use WEP key 3 as its default key to transmit The two devices will communicate as long as the AP s WEP key 2 is the same as the client s WEP key 2 and the AP s WEP key 3 is the same as the client s WEP key 3 Wireless Channels The wireless frequencies used by 802 11b g networks are discussed below IEEE 802 11b g wireless nodes communicate with each other using radio frequency signals in the ISM Industrial Scientific and Medical band between 2 4 GHz and 2 5 GHz Neighboring channels are 5 MHz apart However due to spread spectrum effect of the signals a node sending signals using a particular channel will utilize frequency spectrum 12 5 MHz above and below the center channel frequency As a result two separate wireless networks using neighboring channels for example channel 1 and channel 2 in the same general vicinity will interfere with each other Applying two channels that allow the maximum channel separation will decrease the amount of channel cross talk and provide a noticeable performance increase over networks with minimal channel separation The radio frequency channels used in 802 11b g networks are listed in Table D 2 Table D 2 802 11b g Radio Fre
36. now displays e Click the IP Address tab e Select the radio button marked Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server e Click OK This completes the configuration of TCP IP in Windows NT Restart the PC Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network Microsoft TCP IP Properties IP Address ons WINS Address Routing An IP address can be automatically assigned to this network card by a DHCP server If your network does not have a DHCP server ask your network administrator for an address and then type it in the space below Adapter Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server C Specify an IP address IP dore Verifying TCP IP Properties for Windows XP 2000 and NT4 To check your PC s TCP IP configuration 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button and then click Run The Run window opens 2 Type cma and then click OK A command window opens 3 Type ipconfig all Your IP Configuration information will be listed and should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends for connecting through a router or gateway e The IP address is between 192 168 1 2 and 192 168 1 254 The subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 Preparing Your Network 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 e The default gateway is 192 168 1 1 4 Type exit Configuring the
37. of Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator Figure 3 2 Log in to the router 2 When prompted enter admin for the router user name and password for the router password both in lower case letters or enter the password you chose if you changed it during the setup in Initial Configuration on page 3 2 Note The router user name and password are not the same as any user name or password you may use to log in to your Internet connection A login window like the one shown below opens Enter Network Password go Please type your user name and password Site www routerlagin net Realm WGR614v6 User Name admin Password J Save this password in pour password list Cancel Figure 3 3 Login window Configuring the Internetand Wireless Settings 3 3 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 3 Click OK and the resulting window below appears A E TGEAR Microsoft Internet Laplorer SMARTWIZARD router manager 34 Mbps Wireless Router model WORGI4 v Setup Wizard Basic Settings Basic Settings Does Your imemet Connection Require A Login C ves G No Wireless Settings Logs Block Sites Account Name O Required Domain Name 0f Required Block Services Schedule E mail imemnet IP Address Gat Dynamically From ISP Use State IP Address IP Address Set P nd IP Subnet Mask Router Upgrade Gateway IP Address Router Stetus Attached D
38. on this port since resetor manual clear Collisions The number of collisions on this portsince reset or manual clear Tx Bis The current transmission outbound bandwidth used on the WAN and LAN ports 5 4 Maintenance 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Table 5 3 Router Statistics Items continued Item Description Rx B s The current reception inbound bandwidth used on the WAN and LAN ports Up Time The amount of time since the router was last restarted Up Time The time elapsed since this port acquired the link Poll interval Specifies the intervals at which the statistics are updated in this window Click on Stop to freeze the display Setinterval Enter a time and click the button to set the polling frequency Stop Click the Stop button to freeze the polling information Viewing a List of Attached Devices The Attached Devices menu contains a table of all IP devices that the router has discovered on the local network From the Main Menu of the browser interface under the Maintenance heading select Attached Devices to view the table shown below Attached Devices IPAddress DeviceName MAC Address 1 _ 192 168 1 2 _ENG TEMP 00 08 02 11 28 31 Refresh Figure 5 4 Attached Devices menu For each device the table shows the IP address NetBIOS Host Name if available and Ethernet MAC address Note that if the router is reboot
39. required information Select Use Static IP Address and type the IP Address Subnet Mask and Gateway IP Address into the correct boxes For example IP Address 24 218 156 183 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway IP Address 24 218 156 1 e Domain Name Server DNS Address The DNS server is used to look up site addresses based on their names If your ISP gave you one or two DNS addresses select Use These DNS Servers and type the primary and secondary addresses Otherwise select Get Automatically From ISP Note If you get Address not found errors when you go to a Web site it is likely that your DNS servers aren t set up properly You should contact your ISP to get DNS server addresses e Router MAC Address Your computer s local address is its unique address on your network This is also referred to as the computer s MAC Media Access Control address Configuring the Internetand Wireless Settings 3 7 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Usually select Use Default MAC Address If your ISP requires MAC authentication then select either Use Computer MAC address to disguise the Router s MAC address with the Computer s own MAC address or Use This MAC Address to manually type the MAC address for a different computer The format for the MAC address is XX XX XX XX XX XX This value may be changed if the Use Computer MAC Address is selected once a value has already been set in the
40. supplies TCP IP configuration information for one computer With a typical account much of the configuration information is dynamically assigned when your PC is first booted up while connected to the ISP and you will not need to know that dynamic information In order to share the Internet connection among several computers your router takes the place of the single PC and you need to configure it with the TCP IP information that the single PC would normally use When the router s Internet port is connected to the broadband modem the router appears to be a single PC to the ISP The router then allows the PCs on the local network to masquerade as the single PC to access the Internet through the broadband modem The method used by the router to accomplish this is called Network Address Translation NAT or IP masquerading Are Login Protocols Used Some ISPs require a special login protocol in which you must enter a login name and password in order to access the Internet If you normally log in to your Internet account by running a program such as WinPOET or EnterNet then your account uses PPP over Ethernet PPPoE When you configure your router you will need to enter your login name and password in the router s configuration menus After your network and router are configured the router will perform the login task when needed and you will no longer need to run the login program from your PC It is not necessary to uninstall the login pr
41. the Router as a DHCP server By default the router will function as a DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server allowing it to assign IP DNS server and default gateway addresses to all computers connected to the router s LAN The assigned default gateway address is the LAN address of the router IP addresses will be assigned to the attached computers from a pool of addresses specified in this menu Each pool address is tested before it is assigned to avoid duplicate addresses on the LAN For most applications the default DHCP and TCP IP settings of the router are satisfactory See IP Configuration by DHCP on page B 10 for an explanation of DHCP and information about how to assign IP addresses for your network If another device on your network will be the DHCP server or if you will manually configure the network settings of all of your computers clear the Use router as DHCP server check box Otherwise leave it checked Specify the pool of IP addresses to be assigned by setting the Starting IP Address and Ending IP Address These addresses should be part of the same IP address subnet as the router s LAN IP address Using the default addressing scheme you should define a range between 192 168 1 2 and 192 168 1 253 although you may wish to save part of the range for devices with fixed addresses The router will deliver the following parameters to any LAN device that requests DHCP e An IP Address from the range you have
42. the full path to the file on your PC or click the Browse button to browse to the file When you have located it click the Restore button to send the file to the router The router will then reboot automatically Warning Do not interrupt the reboot process 5 6 Maintenance 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Erasing the Configuration It is sometimes desirable to restore the router to original default settings This can be done by using the Erase function which will restore all factory settings After an erase the router s password will be password the LAN IP address will be 192 168 1 1 and the router s DHCP client will be enabled To erase the configuration click the Erase button To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the login password or IP address you must use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the router See Restoring the Default Configuration and Password on page 7 7 Upgrading the Router Software Note Before upgrading the router software use the router backup utility to save your Sm A configuration settings Any router upgrade will revert the router settings back to the factory defaults After completing the upgrade you can restore your settings from the backup The routing software of the WGR614 v6 router is stored in FLASH memory and can be upgraded as new software is released by NETGEAR Upg
43. traffic Routers vary in performance and scale number of routing protocols supported and types of physical WAN connection they support The 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 V6 is a small office router that routes the IP protocol over a single user broadband connection Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 1 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Routing Information Protocol One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing Information Protocol RIP Using RIP routers periodically update one another and check for changes to add to the routing table The WGR614 v6 router supports both the older RIP 1 and the newer RIP 2 protocols Among other improvements RIP 2 supports subnet and multicast protocols RIP is not required for most home applications IP Addresses and the Internet Because TCP IP networks are interconnected across the world every machine on the Internet must have a unique address to make sure that transmitted data reaches the correct destination Blocks of addresses are assigned to organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IANA Individual users and small organizations may obtain their addresses either from the IANA or from an Internet service provider ISP You can contact IANA at www iana org The Internet Protocol IP uses a 32 bit address structure The address is usually written in dot nota
44. you automatically when you connect Select Get dynamically from ISP 3 6 Configuring the Internet and Wireless Settings 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 If you have a fixed static permanent IP address your ISP will have provided you with an IP address Select Use static IP address and type in the IP Address e Account Name also known as Host Name or System Name For most users type your account name or user name in this box For example if your main mail account is JerAB ISP com then put JerAB in this box If your ISP has given you a specific Host name then type it for example CCA7324 A e Domain Name For most users you may leave this box blank unless required by your ISP You may type the domain name of your ISP For example if your ISP s mail server is mail xxx yyy zzz you would type xxx yyy zzz as the Domain Name If you have a Domain name given to you by your ISP type it in this box For example Earthlink Cable may require a Host name of home and Comcast sometimes supplies a Domain name If you have a cable modem this is usually the Workgroup name Internet IP Address If you log in to your service or your ISP did not provide you with a fixed IP address the router will find an IP address for you automatically when you connect Select Get Dynamically From ISP If you have a fixed or static IP address your ISP will have provided you with the
45. 02 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 WPA WPA2 Authentication Enterprise level User Authentication via 802 1x EAP and RADIUS Wired Network with Optional Wireless LAN 802 1x Port Based Network Access Control TCP IP Ports Closed WPA WPA2 WPA WPA2 Until 7 enabled enabled Authenticated RADIUS Server lt ertifica te wireless Access Point J 707 Authority enw using Pegin o l Authentication example supplicant pre shared key oe Win Server or802 1x a VeriSign Authenticated Figure 4 3 WPA WPA2 Overview IEFE 802 1x offers an effective framework for authenticating and controlling user traffic to a protected network as well as providing a vehicle for dynamically varying data encryption keys via EAP from a RADIUS server for example This framework enables using a central authentication server which employs mutual authentication so that a rogue wireless user does not join the network It is important to note that 802 1x does not provide the actual authentication mechanisms When using 802 1x the EAP type such as Transport Layer Security EAP TLS or EAP Tunneled Transport Layer Security EAP TTLS defines how the authentication takes place Note For environments with a Remote Authentication Dial In User Service RADIUS infrastructure WPA supports Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP For environments without a RADIU
46. 02 1X port access control prevents full access to the network until authentication completes 802 1X EAPOL Key packets are used by WPA to distribute per session keys to those stations successfully authenticated The supplicant in the station uses the authentication and cipher suite information contained in the information elements to decide which authentication method and cipher suite to use For example if the access point is using the pre shared key method then the supplicant need not authenticate using full blown 802 1X Rather the supplicant must simply prove to the access point that it is in possession of the pre shared key If the supplicant detects that the service set does not contain a WPA information element then it knows it must use pre WPA 802 1X authentication and key management in order to access the network e Key management WPA WPA2 features a robust key generation management system that integrates the authentication and data privacy functions Keys are generated after successful authentication and through a subsequent 4 way handshake between the station and Access Point AP e Data Privacy Encryption Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP is used to wrap WEP in sophisticated cryptographic and security techniques to overcome most of its weaknesses e Data integrity TKIP includes a message integrity code MIC at the end of each plaintext message to ensure messages are not being spoofed Wireless Networking Basics D 11 2
47. 1b this physical layer standard provides a throughput of up to 54 Mbps It also operates in the 2 4 GHz frequency band but uses a different radio technology in order to boost overall bandwidth 802 111 This is the name of the IEEE Task Group dedicated to standardizing WLAN security The 802 111 Security has a frame work based on RSN Robust Security Mechanism RSN consists of two parts 1 The Data Privacy Mechanism and 2 Security Association Management The Data Privacy Mechanism supports two proposed schemes TKIP and AES TKIP Temporal Key Integrity is a short term solution that defines software patches to WEP to provide a minimally adequate level of data privacy AES or AES OCB Advanced Encryption Standard and Offset Codebook is a robust data privacy scheme and is a longer term solution Security Association Management is addressed by a RSN Negotiation Procedures b IEEE 802 1x Authentication and c IEEE 802 1x Key management The standards are being defined to naturally co exist with pre RSN networks that are currently deployed 802 11n Standard A recently formed Oct 2003 IEEE official task group referred to as 802 11n or TGn for the 100 Mbps wireless physical layer standard protocol Current published ratification date is December 2005 As of February 2004 no draft specification has been written It is expected to use both the 2 4 and 5GHz frequencies AES Advanced Encryption Standard A symmetric 128 bit block data encryp
48. 3 5 E E E E E A E EEE A E T ET A 3 9 TPE Seay S S eae ioteoniaaeinidomarncesiteetienls 3 11 How te Bypass tie Comiguraton ASSISTIRT nisruiisnioriiinrnon 3 12 NETGEAR ProductRegistration Support and DOCUMENTATION ccccccssceeessesssteeeenees 3 12 Contents y 202 10099 01 April 2005 Chapter 4 Content Filtering Canent al BT OVE EN oopen NAA 4 1 BQN G6 CCG D UTI S IEE uane a A 4 2 Blocking Access to Internet Services ness AEE ET EE EE TAE A rr Conngunng a User DEET SENIE eronneen n 4 4 Configuring Services Blocking by IP Address Range criccnsirasnai aa 4 5 Scheduling When Blocking WES EnioICEg rrimdisisiiono 4 5 Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web ACCESS assscscccrcceneccrmeinrense 4 6 Configuring E Mail Alertand Web Access Log Notifications senrosionrsnissirianiama 4 7 Chapter 5 Maintenance Viewing Wireless Router Status Information occse PEE I ETT PEE te Hew iG a Cero Atache DENTES siicasatiumpenisssaiesnuniemun Aandi 5 5 Ae TNA ML eI Oa Fie Manae ST crecian A TATE 5 5 Restoring and Backing Up Mie CONG UIAHOM aust csscciicmsnimnanieunsaniddes 5 6 Enema Me CO O aiae R REE 5 7 Upgrading the R outer Software wc E EAT TT E TAT er Changing the Administrati PSSSWOTT siirinsesi a 5 8 Chapter 6 Advanced Configuration of the Router E E E EO E E EA TE E E E E E 6 1 Contouring Pert errand lig te Local Servers ccnnennnainnmaiindnhilanimmn eed Adding i Custom ETICE necmi nr oe rer ee een Peete re ene cn eecee rere cere ete eereret 6 5 Eig
49. 88 108 MHz and wireless 802 11b LANs operate at 2 4 GHz IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers A membership organization www ieee org that includes engineers scientists and students in electronics and allied fields It has more than 300 000 members and is involved with setting standards for computers and communications IEEE 802 11 A set of specifications for LANs from The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE Most wired networks conform to 802 3 the specification for CSMA CD based Ethernet networks or 802 5 the specification for token ring networks 802 11 defines the standard for wireless LANs encompassing three incompatible non interoperable technologies Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FHSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum DSSS and Infrared WECA s Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance now Wi Fi Alliance focus is on 802 11b an 11 Mbps high rate DSSS standard for wireless networks Infrastructure mode A client setting providing connectivity to an access point AP As compared to Ad Hoc mode whereby PCs communicate directly with each other clients set in Infrastructure Mode all pass data through a central AP The AP not only mediates wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood but also provides communication with the wired network See Ad Hoc and AP 6 Glossary 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 IP Inte
50. J 11 telephone connectors RJ 45 connectors can have up to eight wires whereas telephone connectors have only four Roaming Moving seamlessly from one AP coverage area to another with your laptop or desktop with no loss in connectivity Rogue Access Point Rogue AP is a term used to describe an unauthorized access point that is connected on the main home or corporate network or operating in a stand alone mode in a parking lot or in a neighbor s building Rogue APs by definition are not under the management of network administrators and do not conform to network security policies and may present a severe security risk Ideally it is best to have some type of WLAN system that does not allow rogue access points to easily be added to an existing WLAN Router A device that forwards data packets from one local area network LAN or wide area network WAN to another Based on routing tables and routing protocols routers can read the network address in each transmitted frame and make a decision on how to send it via the most efficient route based on traffic load line costs speed bad connections etc Glossary 9 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Satellite broadband A wireless high speed Internet connection provided by satellites Some satellite broadband connections are two way up and down Others are one way with the satellite providing a high speed downlink and then using a
51. MZ Server The WAN Setup menu shown below lets you configure a Default DMZ Server To assign a computer or server to be a Default DMZ server follow these steps 1 Click WAN Setup link on the Advanced section of the main menu 2 Type the IP address for that server To remove the default DMZ server replace the IP address numbers with all zeros 3 Click Apply Responding to Ping on Internet WAN Port If you want the router to respond to a ping from the Internet click the Respond to Ping on Internet WAN Port check box This should only be used as a diagnostic tool since it allows your router to be discovered Don t check this box unless you have a specific reason to do so 6 8 Advanced Configuration of the Router 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Setting the MTU Size The normal MTU Maximum Transmit Unit value for most Ethernet networks is 1500 Bytes 1492 Bytes for PPPoE connections or 1436 for PPTP connections For some ISPs you may need to reduce the MTU But this is rarely required and should not be done unless you are sure it is necessary for your ISP connection Any packets sent through the router that are larger than the configured MTU size will be repackaged into smaller packets to meet the MTU requirement To change the MTU size 1 Under MTU Size enter a new size between 64 and 1500 2 Click Apply to save the new configuration Using the LAN I
52. Macintosh for TCP IP Networking Beginning with Macintosh Operating System 7 TCP IP is already installed on the Macintosh On each networked Macintosh you will need to configure TCP IP to use DHCP MacOS 8 6 or 9 x 1 From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP The TCP IP Control Panel opens o TCP IP B Connect via Ethernet Setup Configure Using DHCP Server DHCP Client ID IP Address lt will be supplied by server gt Subnet mask lt will be supplied by server gt Router address lt will be supplied by server gt Search domains Name server addr lt will be supplied by server gt 2 2 From the Connect via box select your Macintosh s Ethernet interface 3 From the Configure box select Using DHCP Server You can leave the DHCP Client ID box empty 4 Close the TCP IP Control Panel 5 Repeat this for each Macintosh on your network MacOS X 1 From the Apple menu choose System Preferences then Network C 18 Preparing Y our Network 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 2 If not already selected select Built in Ethernet in the Configure list 3 If not already selected Select Using DHCP in the TCP IP tab 4 Click Save Verifying TCP IP Properties for Macintosh Computers After your Macintosh is configured and has rebooted you can check the TCP IP configurat
53. Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Gateway In the wireless world a gateway is an access point with additional software capabilities such as providing NAT and DHCP Gateways may also provide VPN support roaming firewalls various levels of security etc Hot Spot also referred to as Public Access Location A place where you can access Wi Fi service This can be for free or for a fee HotSpots can be inside a coffee shop airport lounge train station convention center hotel or any other public meeting area Corporations and campuses are also implementing HotSpots to provide wireless Internet access to their visitors and guests In some parts of the world HotSpots are known as CoolSpots Hub A multiport device used to connect PCs to a network via Ethernet cabling or via Wi Fi Wired hubs can have numerous ports and can transmit data at speeds ranging from 10 Mbps to multigigabyte speeds per second A hub transmits packets it receives to all the connected ports A small wired hub may only connect 4 computers a large hub can connect 48 or more Wireless hubs can connect hundreds Hz hertz The international unit for measuring frequency equivalent to the older unit of cycles per second One megahertz MHz is one million hertz One gigahertz GHz is one billion hertz The standard US electrical power frequency is 60 Hz the AM broadcast radio frequency band is 535 1605 kHz the FM broadcast radio frequency band is
54. Mask This is the LAN Subnet Mask of the router Combined with the IP address the IP Subnet Mask allows a device to know which other addresses are local to it and which must be reached through a gateway or router e RIP Direction RIP Router Information Protocol allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers The RIP Direction selection controls how the router sends and receives RIP packets None is the default When set to Both or Out Only the router will broadcast its routing table periodically When set to Both or In Only it will incorporate the RIP information that it receives When set to None default it will not send any RIP packets and will ignore any RIP packets received e RIP Version This controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the router sends It recognizes both formats when receiving By default this is set for RIP 1 RIP 1 is universally supported RIP 1 is probably adequate for most networks unless you have an unusual network setup RIP 2 carries more information RIP 2B uses subnet broadcasting 6 10 Advanced Configuration of the Router 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Note If you change the LAN IP address of the router while connected through the E browser you will be disconnected You must then open a new connection to the new IP address and log in again Using
55. P Setup Options The second feature category under the Advanced heading is LAN IP Setup This menu allows configuration of LAN IP services such as DHCP and RIP From the Main Menu of the browser interface under Advanced click on LAN IP Setup to view the LAN IP Setup menu shown below LAN IP Setup LAN TCPAP Setup IP Address 192 ues ft E IP Subnet Mask 255 kss pss fo RIP Direction None RIP Version Disabled M Use Router as DHCP Server Starting IP Address 192 fies T 2 Ending IP Address 192 166 1 a BL Address Reservation e IPAddress DeviceName Mac Address Add Edit Delete Apply Cancel Figure 6 6 LAN IP Setup Menu Advanced Configuration of the Router 6 9 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Configuring LAN TCP IP Setup Parameters The router is shipped preconfigured to use private IP addresses on the LAN side and to act as a DHCP server The router s default LAN IP configuration is e LAN IP addresses 192 168 1 1 e Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 These addresses are part of the IETF designated private address range for use in private networks and should be suitable in most applications If your network has a requirement to use a different IP addressing scheme you can make those changes in this menu The LAN IP parameters are e IP Address This is the LAN IP address of the router e JP Subnet
56. S infrastructure WPA supports the use of a pre shared key Together these technologies provide a framework for strong user authentication Windows XP implements 802 1x natively and several NETGEAR switch and wireless access point products support 802 1x Wireless Networking Basics 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Client with a WPA WPA2 enabled wireless adapterand supplicant Forexample a Win XP Funk WPA WPA2 enabled Forexample a Meetinghouse AP RADIUS server lt a A A A Si supptean 1 Authenticator Authenticating Server Identity Identity Request Credentials Request Credentials lt t Credentials Credentials gt gt Authentication Key Authentication Key Uncontrolled Port LAN Resources Controlled Port Figure 4 4 802 1x Authentication Sequence The AP sends Beacon Frames with WPA WPA2 information element to the stations in the service set Information elements include the required authentication method 802 1x or Pre shared key and the preferred cipher suite WEP TKIP or AES Probe Responses AP to station and Association Requests station to AP also contain WPA information elements 1 Initial 802 1x communications begin with an unauthenticated supplicant client device attempting to connect with an authenticator 802 11 access point The client sends an EAP start message
57. SB and PCI Glossary 3 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 ISA bus Wi Fi radios Client devices usually communicate with hub devices like access points and gateways Collision avoidance A network node characteristic for proactively detecting that it can transmit a signal without risking a collision thereby ensuring a more reliable connection Crossover cable A special cable used for networking two computers without the use of a hub Crossover cables may also be required for connecting a cable or DSL modem to a wireless gateway or access point Instead of the signals transferring in parallel paths from one set of plugs to another the signals crossover If an eight wire cable was being used for instance the signal would start on pin one at one end of the cable and end up on pin eight at the other end They cross over from one side to the other CSMA CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Avoidance CSMA CA is the principle medium access method employed by IEEE 802 11 WLANs It is a listen before talk method of minimizing but not eliminating collisions caused by simultaneous transmission by multiple radios IEEE 802 11 states collision avoidance method rather than collision detection must be used because the standard employs half duplex radios radios capable of transmission or reception but not both simultaneously Unlike conventional wired Ethernet nodes a WLAN sta
58. This begins a series of message exchanges to authenticate the client 2 The access point replies with an EAP request identity message Wireless Networking Basics D 13 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 3 The client sends an EAP response packet containing the identity to the authentication server The access point responds by enabling a port for passing only EAP packets from the client to an authentication server located on the wired side of the access point The access point blocks all other traffic such as HTTP DHCP and POP3 packets until the access point can verify the client s identity using an authentication server for example RADIUS 4 The authentication server uses a specific authentication algorithm to verify the client s identity This could be through the use of digital certificates or some other EAP authentication type 5 The authentication server will either send an accept or reject message to the access point 6 The access point sends an EAP success packet or reject packet to the client 7 If the authentication server accepts the client then the access point will transition the client s port to an authorized state and forward additional traffic The important part to know at this point is that the software supporting the specific EAP type resides on the authentication server and within the operating system or application supplicant software on the client dev
59. Use This MAC Address selection Click Test to connect to the NETGEAR Web site If you connect successfully your settings work and you may click Logout to exit these pages and enjoy surfing the net If you don t connect successfully 1 Go through the settings and make sure you ve selected the correct options and typed everything correctly 2 Contact your ISP to verify the configuration information 3 Read the Troubleshooting section in the Router Installation Guide 4 On the Router GearBox CD read the Troubleshooting Guide or the Troubleshooting section in the Reference Manual 5 Contact NETGEAR Technical Support 3 8 Configuring the Internetand Wireless Settings 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Wireless Settings To change the Internet settings click Wireless Settings on the left menu bar One of the following screens appears Wireless Settings Wireless Settings Wireless Settings No security WEP security WPA PSK security Weetess Semrigs Weetecs Seternge Wireiess Settings oF E ga z3 u y feur a enpe bm aey Oyan ey yoeme aw Carsal senise ty tanim aa Smaa ba ryn A Py auns mee T Panman 3 a ne gt en se ip baw oppia MAP Hoy P a Usesrate av gt l IESTI nw Coreei Figure 3 6 Wireless Settings screens NOTE To ensure proper agency compliance and compatibility betwee
60. Wireless LAN Also referred to as LAN A type of local area network that uses wireless or high frequency radio waves rather than wires to communicate between nodes 14 Glossary 202 10099 01 April 2005
61. You may also be prompted to insert your Windows CD Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers As mentioned above you may need to collect configuration information from your Macintosh so that you can use this information when you configure the WGR614 v6 router Following this procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information To get the information you need to configure the router for Internet access 1 From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP The TCP IP Control Panel opens which displays a list of configuration settings If the Configure setting is Using DHCP Server your account uses a dynamically assigned IP address In this case close the Control Panel and skip the rest of this section 2 If an IP address and subnet mask are shown write down the information 3 Ifan IP address appears under Router address write down the address This is the ISP s gateway address 4 Ifany Name Server addresses are shown write down the addresses These are your ISP s DNS addresses 5 If any information appears in the Search domains information box write it down 6 Change the Configure setting to Using DHCP Server 7 Close the TCP IP Control Panel C 22 Preparing Y our Network 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Restarting the Network Once you ve set up your com
62. age Fill in the configuration parameters from your Internet Service Provider ISP ISP Login Name The login name and password are case sensitive and must be entered exactly as given by your ISP Some ISPs use your full e mail address as the login name The Service Name is not required by all ISPs If you connect using a login name and password enter the following Login Name Password Service Name Fixed or Static IP Address If you have a static IP address record the following information For example 169 254 141 148 could be a valid IP address Fixed or Static Internet IP Address Gateway IP Address Subnet Mask ISP DNS Server Addresses If you were given DNS server addresses fill in the following Primary DNS Server IP Address Secondary DNS Server IP Address Host and Domain Names Some ISPs use a specific host or domain name like CCA7324 A or home If you haven t been given host or domain names you can use the following examples as a guide e If your main e mail account with your ISP is aaa yyy com then use aaa as your host name Your ISP might call this your account user host computer or system name e If your ISP s mail server is mail xxx yyy com then use xxx yyy com as the domain name ISP Host Name ISP Domain Name Preparing Your Computers for TCP IP Networking Computers access the Internet using a protocol called TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol Each co
63. ample 12 34 56 78 90 is a 40 bit WEP Key When configured for 128 bit encryption 802 11 products typically support four WEP Keys but some manufacturers support only one 128 bit key The 128 bit WEP Key is expressed as 13 sets of two hexadecimal digits 0 9 and A F For example 12 34 56 78 90 AB CD EF 12 34 56 78 90 is a 128 bit WEP Key Table D 1 Encryption Key Sizes Encryption Key Size of Hexadecimal Digits Example of Hexadecimal Key Content 64 bit 24 40 10 4C72F08AE1 128 bit 24 104 26 4C72F08AE19D57A3FF6B260037 Note Typically 802 11 access points can store up to four 128 bit WEP Keys but some 802 11 client adapters can only store one Therefore make sure that your 802 11 access and client adapters configurations match D 6 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 WEP Configuration Options The WEP settings must match on all 802 11 devices that are within the same wireless network as identified by the SSID In general if your mobile clients will roam between access points then all of the 802 11 access points and all of the 802 11 client adapters on the network must have the same WEP settings Note Whatever keys you enter for an AP you must also enter the same keys for the client adapter in the same order In other words WEP key 1 on the AP must match WEP key 1 on the client adapter WEP key 2 on the AP
64. and modem but some ISPs additionally restrict access to the MAC address of a single computer connected to that modem If this is the case you must configure your router to clone or spoof the MAC address from the authorized computer Restoring the Default Configuration and Password This section explains how to restore the factory default configuration settings changing the router s administration password to password and the IP address to 192 168 1 1 You can erase the current configuration and restore factory defaults in two ways e Use the Erase function of the router see Erasing the Configuration on page 5 7 e Use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the router Use this method for cases when the administration password or IP address is not known To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the administration password or IP address you must use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the router 1 Press and hold the Default Reset button until the power light blinks on about 10 seconds 2 Release the Default Reset button and wait for the router to reboot If the wireless router fails to restart or the power light continues to blink or turns solid amber the unit may be defective If the error persists you might have a hardware problem and should contact technical support Problems with Date and Time The E Mail menu in the Content Filtering section displays the c
65. are many similarities in the procedures for different Windows systems when using DHCP to configure TCP IP The following steps will walk you through the configuration process for each of these versions of Windows Locate your Network Neighborhood icon e Ifthe Network Neighborhood icon is on the Windows desktop position your mouse pointer over it and right click your mouse button e If the icon is not on the desktop e Click Start on the task bar located at the bottom left of the window e Choose Settings and then Control Panel e Locate the Network Neighborhood icon and click on it This will open the Network panel as shown below C 6 Preparing Y our Network 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Network 2X Configuration Identification Access Control The following network components are installed E Client for Microsoft Networks Verify the following settings as shown 3Com Fast EtherLink xL 10 100Mb TX Ethernet Adapter TCP IP e Client for Microsoft Network exists e Ethernet adapter is present e TCP IP is present Add Bemave Properties e Primary Network Logon is set to Primary Network Logon Windows logon Client for Microsoft Networks x Client for Microsoft Networks Click on the Properties button The Lindows Logon following TCP IP Properties window will Description display The primary network logon is the client t
66. are stored in the log Log entries will only appear when keyword blocking is enabled and no log entries will be made for the Trusted User An example is shown below 15 Feb 2002 ource 192 168 0 2 Fri 15 Feb 2002 ource 192 168 0 2 Fri 15 Feb 2002 ource 192 168 0 2 Fri 15 Feb 2002 ource 192 168 0 2 Fri 15 Feb 2002 ource 192 168 0 2 Fri 15 Feb 2002 ource 192 168 0 2 Fri 15 Feb 2002 ource 192 168 0 2 NNN NANN HSE NRONNNHRHRHNO LLOW toolbar netscape com Retresh Clear Log Send Log 16 38 14 BLOCK www yahoo com 16 34 07 ALLOW ar atwola com 16 34 06 ALLOW www cnn com 16 34 05 16 34 03 ALLOW i cnn net 16 34 02 ALLOW www cnn com 16 33 03 ALLOW i cnn net Figure 4 5 Logs menu Log entries are described in Table 4 1 Table 4 1 Log entry descriptions Field Description Number The index number of the content filter log entries 128 entries are available numbered from 0 to 127 The log will keep the record of the latest 128 entries Date and Time The date and time the log entry was recorded Source IP The IP address of the initiating device for this log entry Action This field displays whether the access was blocked or allowed The name or IP address of the Web site or newsgroup visited or attempted to access 4 6 Content Filtering 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Log action buttons are d
67. arting Port g h 5534 Ending Port i a 5534 Server IP Address 192 tes la 15 Cancel Figure 6 4 Ports Custom Services Menu 2 Type the service name in the Service Name box 3 Type the beginning port number in the Starting Port box e If the application uses only a single port type the same port number in the Ending Port box e Ifthe application uses a range of ports type the ending port number of the range in the Ending Port box 4 Type the IP address of the computer in the Server IP Address box 5 Click Apply to save your changes Editing or Deleting a Port Forwarding Entry To edit or delete a Port Forwarding entry follow these steps 1 Inthe table select the button next to the service name 2 Click Edit or Delete Advanced Configuration of the Router 6 5 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Local Web and FTP Server Example If a local computer with a private IP address of 192 168 1 33 acts as a Web and FTP server configure the Ports menu to forward HTTP port 80 and FTP port 21 to local address 192 168 1 33 In order for a remote user to access this server from the Internet the remote user must know the IP address that has been assigned by your ISP If this address is 172 16 1 23 for example an Internet user can access your Web server by directing the browser to http 172 16 1 23 The assigned IP address can be found in the Maintenanc
68. ase of wireless LANs the transport medium is free space The 8 Glossary 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 PHY defines parameters such as data rates modulation method signaling parameters transmitter receiver synchronization etc Within an actual radio implementation the PHY corresponds to the radio front end and baseband signal processing sections Plug and Play A computer system feature that provides for automatic configuration of add ons and peripheral devices such as wireless PC Cards printers scanners and multimedia devices Proxy server Used in larger companies and organizations to improve network operations and security a proxy server is able to prevent direct communication between two or more networks The proxy server forwards allowable data requests to remote servers and or responds to data requests directly from stored remote server data Range The distance away from your access point that your wireless network can reach Most Wi Fi systems will provide a range of a hundred feet or more Depending on the environment and the type of antenna used Wi Fi signals can have a range of up to mile Residential gateway A wireless device that connects multiple PCs peripherals and the Internet on a home network Most Wi Fi residential gateways provide DHCP and NAT as well RJ 45 Standard connectors used in Ethernet networks Even though they look very similar to standard R
69. aximize reception and transmission quality and reduce interference 4 Glossary 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 DNS Domain Name Service A program that translates URLs to IP addresses by accessing a database maintained on a collection of Internet servers The program works behind the scenes to facilitate surfing the Web with alpha versus numeric addresses A DNS server converts a name like mywebsite com to a series of numbers like 107 22 55 26 Every website has its own specific IP address on the Internet Encryption Key An alphanumeric letters and or numbers series that enables data to be encrypted and then decrypted so it can be safely shared among members of a network WEP uses an encryption key that automatically encrypts outgoing wireless data On the receiving side the same encryption key enables the computer to automatically decrypt the information so it can be read Enhanced Data Encryption through TKIP To improve data encryption Wi Fi Protected Access utilizes its Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP TKIP provides important data encryption enhancements including a per packet key mixing function a message integrity check MIC named Michael an extended initialization vector IV with sequencing rules and a re keying mechanism Through these enhancements TKIP addresses all WEP known vulnerabilities Enterprise level User Authentication via 802 1x and EAP WEP has al
70. b port the transmit pair must be exchanged with the receive pair This exchange is done by one of two mechanisms Most hubs provide an Uplink switch which will exchange the pairs on one port allowing that port to be connected to another hub using a normal Ethernet cable The second method is to use a crossover cable which is a special cable in which the transmit and receive pairs are exchanged at one of the two cable connectors Crossover cables are often unmarked as such and must be identified by comparing the two connectors Since the cable connectors are clear plastic it is easy to place them side by side and view the order of the wire colors on each On a straight through cable the color order will be the same on both connectors On a crossover cable the orange and green pairs will be exchanged from one connector to the other B 14 Network Routing Firewall and Basics 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 The WGR614 v6 router incorporates Auto Uplink technology also called MDI MDIX Each LOCAL Ethernet port will automatically sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection e g connecting to a computer or an uplink connection e g connecting to a router switch or hub That port will then configure itself to the correct configuration This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables as Auto Uplink will accommodate e
71. cate of the Manufacturer Importer It is hereby certified that the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 has been suppressed in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT AmtsblVfg 243 1991 and Vfg 46 1992 The operation of some equipment for example test transmitters in accordance with the regulations may however be subject to certain restrictions Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations 202 10099 01 April 2005 Voluntary Control Council for Interference VCCI Statement This equipment is in the second category information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area thereto and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas When used near a radio or TV receiver it may become the cause of radio interference Read instructions for correct handling Customer Support Refer to the Support Information Card that shipped with your 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 World Wide Web NETGEAR maintains a World Wide Web home page that you can access at the universal resource locator URL http www netgear com A direct connection to the Internet a
72. ccsscsccseesseesnsseessteees C 12 DACP Conigurstion ar TORAP I Windows WTS sscrsorniessidanmsinannisiie C 15 Verifying TCP IP Properties for Windows XP 2000 and NT4 sas E E Le Configuring the Macintosh for TC PAP NEWarking cssciscnicenioussrisinciceniescsnctacies C 18 Macus EU DT IE aoin a A A C 18 EEE E A E E E E E E P e A ys Sa Verifying TCP IP Properties for Macintosh earners PEPEPEPE AE EET I C 19 Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet ACCOUNE v ccssscssccssssecsstsesersssssssssesstassnssees C 20 viii Contents 202 10099 01 April 2005 Pei Pat Ole USETT anana C 20 We aes Tour Ne UT NOS uiine tees C 20 Obtaining ISP Configuration Information far windows OW URES siina C 21 Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers iesecceeeeres C 22 Restarting DE NGIWO snares rnrn AE E E T C 23 Appendix D Wireless Networking Basics Wireless Networking O Vernie anria rer ttre err re tererererece reeves ctor rer reser D 1 Me e E EEE E E E A E A EE TT D 1 Ad Hoc Mode Peer to Peer Workgroup sessa MEE E oun aioe MERTA MT E Network Name Extended Service Set Identification ESS1D ETE nT nee D 2 Authentication and WEP Data ENCUOHION scscciseinsiueniinedsemitimcneaniiiimcddlanasnenad D 2 802 11 Authentication ionis RREN denin E ARAS AEE A ET aD Open System URL UGI 2 ceviche ateneniiemanndaemanianunee eas D 3 Okara Ker ATENI aO anun anaa aaa i a D 4 Overview OF WEP Parameters sencsniirnrsrineaatnsaitane D 5 hee Bd aE einen r
73. ce the Trusted User will be identified by an IP address you should configure that PC with a fixed IP address Blocking Access to Internet Services The WGR614 v6 router allows you to block the use of certain Internet services by PCs on your network This is called services blocking or port filtering The Block Services menu is shown below Block Services Con C Per Scnedule aware Sermice type Poet w 1 HTTP 80 80 Even P Apply Add Edit Delete Figure 4 2 Block Services menu Services are functions performed by server computers at the request of client computers For example Web servers serve Web pages time servers serve time and date information and game hosts serve data about other players moves When a computer on your network sends a request for service to a server computer on the Internet the requested service is identified by a service or port number This number appears as the destination port number in the transmitted IP packets For example a packet that is sent with destination port number 80 is an HTTP Web server request To enable service blocking select either Per Schedule or Always then click Apply If you want to block by schedule be sure that a time period is specified in the Schedule menu Content Filtering 4 3 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 To specify a service for blocking click Add The Add Services menu will appear as sh
74. changes your router will automatically contact your dynamic DNS service provider log in to your account and register your new IP address From the Main Menu of the browser interface under Advanced click on Dynamic DNS Dynamic DNS I Use a Dynamic DNS Service Service Provider www DynDNS org Host Name User Name Password I Use Wildcards Apply Cancel Show Status Figure 6 8 Dynamic DNS menu To configure Dynamic DNS 1 Register for an account with one of the dynamic DNS service providers whose names appear in the Select Service Provider box For example for dyndns org go to www dyndns org Advanced Configuration of the Router 6 13 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Select the Use a dynamic DNS service check box Select the name of your dynamic DNS Service Provider Type the Host Name or domain name that your dynamic DNS service provider gave you Type the User Name for your dynamic DNS account Type the Password or key for your dynamic DNS account sr ON OR Se If your dynamic DNS provider allows the use of wildcards in resolving your URL you may select the Use wildcards check box to activate this feature For example the wildcard feature will cause yourhost dyndns org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost dyndns org 8 Click Apply to save your configuration Configuring Static Routes Static Routes provide addi
75. d contact technical support Troubleshooting 7 1 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Lights Never Turn Off When the router is turned on the lights turns on for about 10 seconds and then turn off If all the lights stay on there is a fault within the router If all lights are still on one minute after power up e Cycle the power to see if the router recovers e Clear the router s configuration to factory defaults This will set the router s IP address to 192 168 1 1 This procedure is explained in Restoring the Default Configuration and Password on page 7 7 If the error persists you might have a hardware problem and should contact technical support LAN or WAN Port Lights Not On If either the LAN lights or Internet light do not light when the Ethernet connection is made check the following e Make sure that the Ethernet cable connections are secure at the router and at the hub or workstation e Make sure that power is turned on to the connected hub or workstation e Be sure you are using the correct cable When connecting the router s Internet port to a cable or DSL modem use the cable that was supplied with the cable or DSL modem This cable could be a standard straight through Ethernet cable or an Ethernet crossover cable 7 2 Troubleshooting 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Troubleshootin
76. ddress scheme for the network by using different subnets for other geographical locations in the network or for other departments in the organization Although the preceding example uses the entire third octet for a subnet address note that you are not restricted to octet boundaries in subnetting To create more network numbers you need only shift some bits from the host address to the network address For instance to partition a Class C network number 192 68 135 0 into two you shift one bit from the host address to the network address The new netmask or subnet mask is 255 255 255 128 The first subnet has network number 192 68 135 0 with hosts 192 68 135 1 to 129 68 135 126 and the second subnet has network number 192 68 135 128 with hosts 192 68 135 129 to 192 68 135 254 Note The number 192 68 135 127 is not assigned because it is the broadcast address C J of the first subnet The number 192 68 135 128 is not assigned because it is the network address of the second subnet Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 5 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 The following table lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted decimal notation To use the table write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted decimal value of the additional subnet bits For example to partition your Class C network with subnet mask 255 255 255 0 into 16 s
77. defined e Subnet Mask e Gateway IP Address the router s LAN IP address e Primary DNS Server if you entered a Primary DNS address in the Basic Settings menu otherwise the router s LAN IP address e Secondary DNS Server if you entered a Secondary DNS address in the Basic Settings menu Advanced Configuration of the Router 6 11 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Using Address Reservation When you specify a reserved IP address for a computer on the LAN that computer will always receive the same IP address each time it access the router DHCP server Reserved IP addresses should be assigned to servers that require permanent IP settings To reserve an IP address 1 Click the Add button Address Reservation Address Reservation Table IP Address Device Name MAC Address 4 192 168 1 2 00 08 02 11 28 31 IP Address LJAL JCAL MAC Address E Device Name o Add Cancel Refresh Figure 6 7 Address Reservation menu 2 In the IP Address box type the IP address to assign to the computer or server choose an IP address from the router s LAN subnet such as 192 168 1 X 3 Type the MAC Address of the computer or server Tip If the computer is already present on your network you can copy its MAC address from the Attached Devices menu and paste it here 4 Click Apply to enter the reserved address into the table Note
78. dial up telephone connection or other land based system for the uplink to the Internet Server A computer that provides its resources to other computers and devices on a network These include print servers Internet servers and data servers A server can also be combined with a hub or router Site survey The process whereby a wireless network installer inspects a location prior to putting in a wireless network Site surveys are used to identify the radio and client use properties of a facility so that access points can be optimally placed SSID also called ESSID A 32 character unique identifier attached to the header of packets sent over a WLAN that acts as a password when a mobile device tries to connect to the BSS Also called ESSID The SSID differentiates one WLAN from another so all access points and all devices attempting to connect to a specific WLAN must use the same SSID A device will not be permitted to join the BSS unless it can provide the unique SSID Because an SSID can be sniffed in plain text from a packet it does not supply any security to the network An SSID is also referred to as a Network Name because essentially it is a name that identifies a wireless network SSL Secure Sockets Layer Commonly used encryption scheme used by many online retail and banking sites to protect the financial integrity of transactions When an SSL session begins the server sends its public key to the browser The browser then sends a ra
79. directed to various RFC documents for further information An RFC is a Request For Comment RFC published by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of the Internet The RFC documents outline and define the standard protocols and procedures for the Internet The documents are listed on the World Wide Web at www ietf org and are mirrored and indexed at many other sites worldwide Basic Router Concepts Large amounts of bandwidth can be provided easily and relatively inexpensively in a local area network LAN However providing high bandwidth between a local network and the Internet can be very expensive Because of this expense Internet access is usually provided by a slower speed wide area network WAN link such as a cable or DSL modem In order to make the best use of the slower WAN link a mechanism must be in place for selecting and transmitting only the data traffic meant for the Internet The function of selecting and forwarding this data is performed by a router What is a Router A router is a device that forwards traffic between networks based on network layer information in the data and on routing tables maintained by the router In these routing tables a router builds up a logical picture of the overall network by gathering and exchanging information with other routers in the network Using this information the router chooses the best path for forwarding network
80. dows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network and Dialup Connections icon 3 Ifan Ethernet adapter is present in your PC you should see an entry for Local Area Connection Double click that entry 4 Select Properties 5 Verify that Client for Microsoft Networks and Internet Protocol TCP IP are present If not select Install and add them 6 Select Internet Protocol TCP IP click Properties and verify that Obtain an IP address automatically is selected 7 Click OK and close all Network and Dialup Connections windows 8 Then restart your PC Preparing Your Network C 9 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP 2000 or NT4 You will find there are many similarities in the procedures for different Windows systems when using DHCP to configure TCP IP The following steps will walk you through the configuration process for each of these versions of Windows DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP Locate your Network Neighborhood icon e Select Control Panel from the Windows XP new Start Menu e Select the Network Connections icon on the Control Panel This will take you to the next step G Network Tasks ty Croste a new connection Repar E Disable this retwork devke Crido Comections a Repar thes commecton
81. dress is shown for the WAN Port If 0 0 0 0 is shown your router has not obtained an IP address from your ISP FY N If your router is unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP you may need to force your cable or DSL modem to recognize your new router by performing the following procedure 1 Turn off power to the cable or DSL modem Turn off power to your router Wait five minutes and reapply power to the cable or DSL modem gS A When the modem s lights indicate that it has reacquired sync with the ISP reapply power to your router 5 Then restart your computer If your router is still unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP the problem may be one of the following e Your ISP may require a login program Ask your ISP whether they require PPP over Ethernet PPPoE or some other type of login e If your ISP requires a login you may have incorrectly set the login name and password e Your ISP may check for your computer s host name Assign the computer Host Name of your ISP account as the Account Name in the Basic Settings menu e Your ISP only allows one Ethernet MAC address to connect to Internet and may check for your computer s MAC address In this case 7 4 Troubleshooting 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Inform your ISP that you have bought a new network device and ask them to use the router s MAC address OR Configure your router to spoo
82. e Backup S Wiroless Sottings Domain Name Server ONS Address Got aomatically From ISP Port Triggering Use These DNS Servers WAN Setup LAN IP Setup Dynamic DNS Port Forwarding Static Routes Hemote Use Ootault Address nero Use Computer MAC Address Use This MAC Address Knowledge Dase Documentation Logout Figure 3 4 Login result 3 4 Configuring the Internet and Wireless Settings 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Changing Your Configuration You can change your Internet and wireless settings after they have been configured by the Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant Internet Settings To change the Internet settings click Basic Settings on the left menu bar One of the following screens appears Basic Settings No Login Basic Settings Login Required Basic Settings Basic Settings Ouus Your Internet Connecteon frquire A Login Account Name Of Required Domain Name if Required internet P Address Gat Dynamicaty From ISP Use Siad P Address IP AdSets IP Subnet Maok ill ale 14 114 Gateway P Address Domain Nane Server DHS Address E Get automaacaly From GP Uso Those ONS Servers Prorrwry ONS Ale 1 il 17 Secongiry ONS Router MAC Addrees Use Oefaut adcress Une Computer MAC Address Use This MAC Adthese Does Your Internet Connection Require A Login ves C No
83. e Router Status screen This manual connection will stay up all the time without time outs Advanced Configuration of the R outer 6 7 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Disabling the SPI Firewall The SPI Stateful Packet Inspection Firewall protects your LAN against Denial of Service attacks This should only be disabled in special circumstances Setting Up a Default DMZ Server The default DMZ server feature is helpful when using some online games and videoconferencing applications that are incompatible with NAT The router is programmed to recognize some of these applications and to work properly with them but there are other applications that may not function well In some cases one local computer can run the application properly if that computer s IP address is entered as the default DMZ server Note DMZ servers pose a security risk A computer designated as the default DMZ gt server loses much of the protection of the firewall and is exposed to exploits from the Internet If compromised the DMZ server can be used to attack your network Incoming traffic from the Internet is normally discarded by the router unless the traffic is a response to one of your local computers or a service that you have configured in the Ports menu Instead of discarding this traffic you can have it forwarded to one computer on your network This computer is called the Default D
84. e Status Menu where it is shown as the WAN IP Address Some considerations for this application are e If your account s IP address is assigned dynamically by your ISP the IP address may change periodically as the DHCP lease expires e Ifthe IP address of the local computer is assigned by DHCP it may change when the computer is rebooted To avoid this you can manually configure the computer to use a fixed address e Local computers must access the local server using the computers local LAN address 192 168 1 33 in this example Attempts by local computers to access the server using the external IP address 172 16 1 23 in this example will fail Multiple Computers for Half Life KALI or Quake III Example To set up an additional computer to play Half Life KALI or Quake III 1 Click the button of an unused port in the table 2 Select the game again from the Services Games list 3 Change the beginning port number in the Start Port box For these games use the supplied number in the default listing and add 1 for each additional computer For example if you ve already configured one computer to play Hexen II using port 26900 the second computer s port number would be 26901 and the third computer would be 26902 4 Type the same port number in the End Port box that you typed in the Start Port box 5 Type the IP address of the additional computer in the Server IP Address box 6 Click Apply 6 6 Advanced Configuration of
85. e station sends an association request to the access point The access point associates with the station CO ee SON I NSD The station can now communicate with the Ethernet network through the access point An access point must authenticate a station before the station can associate with the access point or communicate with the network The IEEE 802 11 standard defines two types of authentication Open System and Shared Key e Open System Authentication allows any device to join the network assuming that the device SSID matches the access point SSID Alternatively the device can use the ANY SSID option to associate with any available Access Point within range regardless of its SSID e Shared Key Authentication requires that the station and the access point have the same WEP Key to authenticate These two authentication procedures are described below Open System Authentication The following steps occur when two devices use Open System Authentication 1 The station sends an authentication request to the access point Wireless Networking Basics D 3 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 2 The access point authenticates the station 3 The station associates with the access point and joins the network This process is illustrated below 802 11b Authentication Open System Steps as 1 Authentication request sent to AP Access Point noo 2 AP authenticates
86. ection port information such as Connection Type Starting Port and Ending Port boxes This information can be obtained from the game or applications manual or support Web site 7 Click Apply to save your changes Configuring Port Forwarding to Local Servers Although the router causes your entire local network to appear as a single machine to the Internet you can make a local server for example a Web server or game server visible and available to the Internet This is done using the Port Forwarding menu From the Main Menu of the browser Advanced Configuration of the Router 6 3 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 interface under Advanced click on Port Forwarding to view the port forwarding menu shown below Port Forwarding Port Triggering Please select the service type Port Forwarding Port Triggering Service Name Server IP Address AIM v 192 168 1 Add 2 Service Name Start Port End Port Server IP Adii ess Edit Service Delete Service Add Custom Service Figure 6 3 Port Forwarding Menu Use the Port Forwarding menu to configure the router to forward incoming protocols to computers on your local network In addition to servers for specific applications you can also specify a Default DMZ Server to which all other incoming protocols are forwarded The DMZ Server is configured in the WAN Setup menu as discussed in Configuring the WAN
87. ed the table data is lost until the router rediscovers the devices To force the router to look for attached devices click the Refresh button Configuration File Management The configuration settings of the WGR614 v6 router are stored within the router in a configuration file This file can be saved backed up to a user s PC retrieved restored from the user s PC or cleared to factory default settings Maintenance 5 5 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 From the Main Menu of the browser interface under the Maintenance heading select the Settings Backup heading to bring up the menu shown below Settings Backup Save a copy of current settings Back Up Restore saved settings from file Restore Revert to factory default settings Erase Browse Figure 5 5 Settings Backup menu Three options are available and are described in the following sections Restoring and Backing Up the Configuration The Restore and Backup options in the Settings Backup menu allow you to save and retrieve a file containing your router s configuration settings To save your settings click the Backup button Your browser will extract the configuration file from the router and will prompt you for a location on your PC to store the file You can give the file a meaningful name at this time such as pacbell cfg To restore your settings from a saved configuration file enter
88. ed Key Steps 1 Authentication __________ request sent to AP Access Point ee e lt 2 AP sends challenge text Kimm E aP om able or DLS modem A Client 3 Client encrypts attempting challenge text and gt ae to connect sends it back to AP 4 AP decrypts and if correct mM i authenticates client 5 Client connects to network gt Figure 7 2 Shared key authentication Overview of WEP Parameters Before enabling WEP on an 802 11 network you must first consider what type of encryption you require and the key size you want to use Typically there are three WEP Encryption options available for 802 11 products 1 Do Not Use WEP The 802 11 network does not encrypt data For authentication purposes the network uses Open System Authentication 2 Use WEP for Encryption A transmitting 802 11 device encrypts the data portion of every packet it sends using a configured WEP Key The receiving device decrypts the data using the same WEP Key For authentication purposes the network uses Open System Authentication 3 Use WEP for Authentication and Encryption A transmitting 802 11 device encrypts the data portion of every packet it sends using a configured WEP Key The receiving device decrypts the data using the same WEP Key For authentication purposes the wireless network uses Shared Key Authentication Note Some 802 11 access points also
89. es D 6 WEP Configuration O pins cumscccaanan aioe neice PEA E E E ll Nees E NONNE aoa D 7 WPA Smi WFA eee es SECU secudtasatuddciaisbantdeed citebadats wehabunies A D 8 Rew Does WPA Compare tw WEPT osanicoccnanancmasnnsccau PATEE F D 9 How Does WPA Compare to WPA2 IEEE 802 11i E EA ESTEI PE EIEE ATEA D 10 W hatare the Key Features of WPA and W PAZ Security sisrinisnininsanininius D 10 WPA WPA2 Authentication Enterprise level User k tkentcation via S02 1K EAP and RADIUS os ccsscstsniesscemiseortamuebioniaatandaas D 12 WPA WPA2 Data Encryption Key Management nireiniiussrnireiisisarnsea DlA OA PAS PETET siscucniateacuncedsiaaieen tae neenadaned D 16 Product SIC or W PPM PAT tess shits estan tema elephant erates a D 16 Supporting a Mixture of WPA WPA2 and WEP Wireless Clients is Discouraged D 16 Changes to Wireless Artess POIN pcaiiniecnmniasaisenaremininninanns D 17 Changes to Wireless Network Adapters secsec E pauan L Changes to Wireless Clent Programi ascccciniaisssriencicsnciasnanaticsionaeans D 18 Glossary Contents 202 10099 01 April 2005 Contents 202 10099 01 April 2005 Chapter 1 About This Manual This chapter describes the intended audience scope conventions and formats of this manual Audience Scope Conventions and Formats This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic to intermediate computer and Internet skills However basic computer network Internet firewall and VPN technologies tutorial info
90. escribed in Table 4 2 Table 4 2 Log action buttons Field Description Refresh Click this button to refresh the log screen Clear Log Click this button to clear the log entries Send Log Click this button to E mail the log immediately Configuring E Mail Alert and Web Access Log Notifications In order to receive logs and alerts by E mail you must provide your E mail information in the E Mail menu shown below E mail Turn E mail Notification On Send Alert And Logs Via E mail Your Outgoing Mail Server mail myisp com Send To This E mail Address jsmith myisp com I Send Alert Immediately When Someone Attempts To Visit Blocked Site Send Logs According To This Schedule When Log is Full x 12 00 z C AM C PM Time Zone GMT 08 00 Pacific Time US amp Canada Tijuana I Adjust for Daylight Savings Time Current Time 10 14 38 Fri Cancel Figure 4 6 Email menu Content Filtering 202 10099 01 April 2005 4 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Turn e mail notification on Check this box if you wish to receive e mail logs and alerts from the router Your outgoing mail server Enter the name of your ISP s outgoing SMTP mail server such as mail myISP com You may be able to find this information in the configuration menu of your e mail program If you leave this box blank log and alert messages will not be sent via e mail Send to
91. esses can be either private addresses or registered addresses For more information about IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 7 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 The following figure illustrates a single IP address operation Private IP addresses assigned by user IP addresses assigned by ISP 192 168 0 3 E 192 168 0 1 172 21 15 105 k U E ee J Figure B 3 Single IP Address Operation Using NAT This scheme offers the additional benefit of firewall like protection because the internal LAN addresses are not available to the Internet through the translated connection All incoming inquiries are filtered out by the router This filtering can prevent intruders from probing your system However using port forwarding you can allow one computer for example a Web server on your local network to be accessible to outside users MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol An IP address alone cannot be used to deliver data from one LAN device to another To send data between LAN devices you must convert the IP address of the destination device to its media access control MAC address Each device on an Ethernet network has a unique MAC address which is a 48 bit number assigned to each device by the manufacturer The technique that associates the IP addre
92. et can be addressed by simple descriptive names such as www NETGEAR com This addressing is very helpful at the application level but the descriptive name must be translated to an IP address in order for a user to actually contact the resource Just as a telephone directory maps names to phone numbers or as an ARP table maps IP addresses to MAC addresses a domain name system DNS server maps descriptive names of network resources to IP addresses When a computer accesses a resource by its descriptive name it first contacts a DNS server to obtain the IP address of the resource The computer sends the desired message using the IP address Many large organizations such as ISPs maintain their own DNS servers and allow their customers to use the servers to look up addresses Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 9 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 IP Configuration by DHCP When an IP based local area network is installed each computer must be configured with an IP address If the computers need to access the Internet they should also be configured with a gateway address and one or more DNS server addresses As an alternative to manual configuration there is a method by which each computer on the network can automatically obtain this configuration information A device on the network may act as a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server The DHCP server stores a list or poo
93. f your computer s MAC address This can be done in the Basic Settings menu If your router can obtain an IP address but your computer is unable to load any Web pages from the Internet e Your computer may not recognize any DNS server addresses A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names such as www addresses to numeric IP addresses Typically your ISP will provide the addresses of one or two DNS servers for your use If you entered a DNS address during the router s configuration reboot your computer and verify the DNS address as described in Install or Verify Windows Networking Components on page C 9 Alternatively you may configure your computer manually with DNS addresses as explained in your operating system documentation e Your computer may not have the router configured as its TCP IP gateway If your computer obtains its information from the router by DHCP reboot the computer and verify the gateway address as described in Install or Verify Windows Networking Components on page C 9 Troubleshooting a TCP IP Network Using a Ping Utility Most TCP IP terminal devices and routers contain a ping utility that sends an echo request packet to the designated device The device then responds with an echo reply Troubleshooting a TCP IP network is made very easy by using the ping utility in your computer or workstation Testing the LAN Path to Your Router You can ping the router from your com
94. g the Web Configuration Interface If you are unable to access the router s Web Configuration interface from a computer on your local network check the following e Check the Ethernet connection between the computer and the router as described in the previous section e Make sure your computer s IP address is on the same subnet as the router If you are using the recommended addressing scheme your computer s address should be in the range of 192 168 1 2 to 192 168 1 254 Refer to Verifying TCP IP Properties on page C 8 or Verifying TCP IP Properties for Macintosh Computers on page C 19 to find your computer s IP address Follow the instructions in Appendix C to configure your computer Note If your computer s IP address is shown as 169 254 x x Recent versions of Windows and MacOS will generate and assign an IP address if the computer cannot reach a DHCP server These auto generated addresses are in the range of 169 254 x x If your IP address is in this range check the connection from the computer to the router and reboot your computer e If your router s IP address has been changed and you don t know the current IP address clear the router s configuration to factory defaults This will set the router s IP address to 192 168 1 1 This procedure is explained in Restoring the Default Configuration and Password on page 7 7 e Make sure your browser has Java JavaScript or ActiveX enabled If you are using
95. gure your router for Remote Management 1 Select the Turn Remote Management On check box 2 Specify what external addresses will be allowed to access the router s remote management Note For enhanced security restrict access to as few external IP addresses as practical a To allow access from any IP address on the Internet select Everyone b To allow access from a range of IP addresses on the Internet select IP address range Enter a beginning and ending IP address to define the allowed range c To allow access from a single IP address on the Internet select Only this computer Enter the IP address that will be allowed access 3 Specify the Port Number that will be used for accessing the management interface Web browser access normally uses the standard HTTP service port 80 For greater security change the remote management Web interface to a custom port by entering that number in the box provided Choose a number between 1024 and 65535 but do not use the number of any common service port The default is 8080 which is a common alternate for HTTP 4 Click Apply to have your changes take effect Advanced Configuration of the Router 6 17 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Note When accessing your router from the Internet you will type your router s WAN IP address into your browser s Address in IE or Location in Netscape box followed by a colon and the cu
96. h several features designed to maintain security as described in this section e Computers Hidden by NAT NAT opens a temporary path to the Internet for requests originating from the local network Requests originating from outside the LAN are discarded preventing users outside the LAN from finding and directly accessing the computers on the LAN e Port Forwarding with NAT Although NAT prevents Internet locations from directly accessing the computers on the LAN the router allows you to direct incoming traffic to specific computers based on the service port number of the incoming request or to one designated DMZ host computer You can specify forwarding of single ports or ranges of ports Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink With its internal 4 port 10 100 switch the WGR614 v6 can connect to either a 10 Mbps standard Ethernet network or a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet network Both the LAN and WAN interfaces are autosensing and capable of full duplex or half duplex operation The router incorporates Auto Uplink technology Each Ethernet port will automatically sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection such as to a computer or an uplink connection such as to a switch or hub That port will then configure itself to the correct configuration This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables as Auto Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the
97. hat is used to validate your user name and password process any login scripts and perform other startup tasks Preparing Your Network C 7 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 e By default the IP Address tab is open on this window e Verify the following Obtain an IP address automatically is selected If not selected click in the radio button to the left of it to select it This setting is required to enable the DHCP server to automatically assign an IP address e Click OK to continue Restart the PC Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network EEI Bindings Advanced NetBIOS DNS Configuration Gateway WINS Configuration IP Address TCP IP Properties An IP address can be automatically assigned to this computer If your network does not automatically assign IP addresses ask your network administrator for an address and then type it iri the space below C Specify an IP address iP Acdess Subnet Esk Cancel Selecting Windows Internet Access Method 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Internet Options icon 3 Select I want to set up my Internet connection manually or I want to connect through a Local Area Network and click Next 4 Select I want to connec
98. he Internet for different services for example FTP or HTTP to play Internet games like Quake IID or to use Internet applications like CUseeMe Port Forwarding is designed for FTP Web Server or other server based services Once port forwarding is set up request from Internet will be forwarded to the proper server On the contrary Advanced Configuration of the R outer 6 1 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 port triggering will only allow request from Internet after a designated port is triggered Port triggering applies to chat and Internet games Port Forwarding Port Triggering Please select the service type Port Forwarding Port Triggering Disable Port Triggering Port Triggering Timeout in minutes 20 Port Triggering Portmap Table 2 Enable Service Name Service Type Inbound Connection Service User 1O 1 M dialpad_1 TCP 51200 TCP UDP 51 200 ANY 2 Mv dialpad_2 TCP 61201 TCP UDP 51201 ANY 3 a paltalk_1 TCP 2090 TCPIUDP 2090 ANY 4 a paltalk_2 TCP 2091 TCP UDP 2091 ANY 5 M quicktime TCP 554 TCP UDP 6970 6990 ANY O l6 H starcraft TCP 6112 TCP UDP 6112 ANY Add Service Edit Service Delete Service Figure 6 1 Port Triggering Menu Note If Disable Port Triggering box is checked after configuring port triggering port triggering will be disabled but any port triggering configuration information you added to the route
99. he incident Using information from the log the administrator can take action with the ISP of the hacker In some types of intrusions the firewall can fend off the hacker by discarding all further packets from the hacker s IP address for a period of time B 10 Network Routing Firewall and Basics 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Stateful Packet Inspection Unlike simple Internet sharing routers a firewall uses a process called stateful packet inspection to ensure secure firewall filtering to protect your network from attacks and intrusions Since user level applications such as FTP and Web browsers can create complex patterns of network traffic it is necessary for the firewall to analyze groups of network connection states Using Stateful Packet Inspection an incoming packet is intercepted at the network layer and then analyzed for state related information associated with all network connections A central cache within the firewall keeps track of the state information associated with all network connections All traffic passing through the firewall is analyzed against the state of these connections in order to determine whether or not it will be allowed to pass through or rejected Denial of Service Attack A hacker may be able to prevent your network from operating or communicating by launching a Denial of Service DoS attack The method used for such an attack can be as simple
100. ication mechanism WPA user authentication is implemented using 802 1x and the Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP Support for 802 1x authentication is required in WPA In the 802 11 standard 802 1x authentication was optional For details on EAP specifically refer to IETF s RFC 2284 With 802 11 WEP all access points and client wireless adapters on a particular wireless LAN must use the same encryption key A major problem with the 802 11 standard is that the keys are cumbersome to change If you do not update the WEP keys often an unauthorized person with a sniffing tool can monitor your network for less than a day and decode the encrypted messages Products based on the 802 11 standard alone offer system administrators no effective method to update the keys For 802 11 WEP encryption is optional For WPA encryption using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP is required TKIP replaces WEP with a new encryption algorithm that is stronger than the WEP algorithm but that uses the calculation facilities present on existing wireless devices to perform encryption operations TKIP provides important data encryption enhancements including a per packet key mixing function a message integrity check MIC named Michael an extended initialization vector IV with sequencing rules and a re keying mechanism Through these enhancements TKIP addresses most of the known WEP vulnerabilities Wireless Networking Basics D 9 202 10099 01 April 2005
101. ices The access point acts as a pass through for 802 1x messages which means that you can specify any EAP type without needing to upgrade an 802 1x compliant access point As a result you can update the EAP authentication type to such devices as token cards Smart Cards Kerberos one time passwords certificates and public key authentication or as newer types become available and your requirements for security change WPA WPA2 Data Encryption Key Management With 802 1x the rekeying of unicast encryption keys is optional Additionally 802 11 and 802 1x provide no mechanism to change the global encryption key used for multicast and broadcast traffic With WPA WPA2 rekeying of both unicast and global encryption keys is required For the unicast encryption key the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP changes the key for every frame and the change is synchronized between the wireless client and the wireless access point AP For the global encryption key WPA includes a facility the Information Element for the wireless AP to advertise the changed key to the connected wireless clients If configured to implement dynamic key exchange the 802 1x authentication server can return session keys to the access point along with the accept message The access point uses the session keys to build sign and encrypt an EAP key message that is sent to the client immediately after sending the success message The client can then use contents of the
102. igure the router after upgrading Changing the Administrator Password Note Before changing the router password use the router backup utility to save your configuration settings If after changing the password you forget the new password you assigned you will have to reset the router back to the factory defaults to be able to log in using the default password of password This means you will have to restore all the router configuration settings If you ever have to reset the router back to the factory defaults you can restore your settings from the backup 4 The default password for the router s Web Configuration Manager is password NETGEAR recommends that you change this password to a more secure password 5 8 Maintenance 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 From the Main Menu of the browser interface under the Maintenance heading select Set Password to bring up the menu shown below Change Password Old password New password Repeat new password Apply Cancel Figure 5 7 Set Password menu To change the password first enter the old password then enter the new password twice Click Apply Maintenance 5 9 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 202 10099 01 April 2005 Maintenance Chapter 6 Advanced Configuration of the Router This chapter describes how to configure the adva
103. ion by returning to the TCP IP Control Panel From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP Connect via Ethernet Setup Configure Using DHCP Server DHCP Client ID IP Address 192 168 0 2 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Router address 192 168 0 1 Search domains Name server addr 192 168 0 1 The panel is updated to show your settings which should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends e The IP Address is between 192 168 1 2 and 192 16810 254 e The Subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 e The Router address is 192 168 1 1 If you do not see these values you may need to restart your Macintosh or you may need to switch the Configure setting to a different option then back again to Using DHCP Server Preparing Your Network C 19 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account For broadband access to the Internet you need to contract with an Internet service provider ISP for a single user Internet access account using a cable modem or DSL modem This modem must be a separate physical box not a card and must provide an Ethernet port intended for connection to a Network Interface Card NIC in a computer Your router does not support a USB connected broadband modem For a single user Internet account your ISP
104. ional channels can help avoid radio and microwave interference 802 11b Standard International standard for wireless networking that operates in the 2 4 GHz frequency range 2 4 GHz to 2 4835 GHz and provides a throughput of up to 11 Mbps This is a very commonly used frequency Microwave ovens cordless phones medical and scientific equipment as well as Bluetooth devices all work within the 2 4 GHz frequency band 802 11d Standard 802 11d is an IEEE standard supplementary to the Media Access Control MAC layer in 802 11 to promote worldwide use of 802 11 WLANs It will allow access points to communicate information on the permissible radio channels with acceptable power levels for client devices The devices will automatically adjust based on geographic requirements The purpose of 11d is to add features and restrictions to allow WLANs to operate within the rules of these countries Equipment manufacturers do not want to produce a wide variety of country specific products and users that travel do not want a bag full of country specific WLAN PC cards The outcome will be country specific firmware solutions Glossary 1 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 802 11e Standard 802 1 le is a proposed IEEE standard to define quality of service QoS mechanisms for wireless gear that gives support to bandwidth sensitive applications such as voice and video 802 11g Standard Similar to 802 1
105. isting wireless devices The MIC is placed between the data portion of the IEEE 802 11 frame and the 4 byte ICV The MIC field is encrypted together with the frame data and the ICV Michael also provides replay protection A new frame counter in the IEEE 802 11 frame is used to prevent replay attacks AES Support for WPA2 One of the encryption methods supported by WPA2 is the advanced encryption standard AES although AES support will not be required initially for Wi Fi certification This is viewed as the optimal choice for security conscience organizations but the problem with AES is that it requires a fundamental redesign of the NIC s hardware in both the station and the access point TKIP is a pragmatic compromise that allows organizations to deploy better security while AES capable equipment is being designed manufactured and incrementally deployed Wireless Networking Basics D 15 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Is WPA WPA2 Perfect WPA WPA2Z is not without its vulnerabilities Specifically it is susceptible to denial of service DoS attacks If the access point receives two data packets that fail the message integrity code MIC within 60 seconds of each other then the network is under an active attack and as a result the access point employs counter measures which include disassociating each station using the access point This prevents an attacker from gleaning inf
106. it B 12 made Teed Par CIBES cenicero eE B 12 Uplink Switches Crossover Cables and MDI MDIX Switching oes B 14 Appendix C Preparing Your Network W hatYou Need To Use a Router with a Broadband Modem simiirariiarinrinianrni C 1 Cabina and Comruter Aard WATE sienai nen EE E le Computer Network Configuration Requirements Dr PEE ee e E merece cy kel mtemeiConiguraton R eg iremenii srera naaa naiiai C2 Where Do Getthe Internet Configuration Parameters sssrinin C 2 RECOM Your INGEST CONNSCHON INTORMATION ccsiniiesiinearsoseceassuaacnaaiciens C 3 Preparing Tour amputers Ter TOP IP NSIWOTKINY scsiccsiatcciccnaintridcnemiminncenaxinetaanon God Configuring Windows 95 98 and Me for TCP IP Networking c cccceccsecsessesseetseerseees C 4 Install or Verify Windows Networking COMPONENES ssisicicmariansironiraniioaaa C 4 Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP IP Settings in Windows 95B 98 and Me C 6 Selecting Windows INtermet Access MOOT ssscceccesssucrsiaracceerarmermiraaracnccce ee 0 Vening TOP AP Properes ccstesiatcimscaisecimsadiviaarindnienstiasleenasiadedecddassenieiandacis C 8 Configuring Windows NT4 2000 or XP for IP Networking woo etree C 9 Install or Verify Windows Networking COMPONENES oc eet etree ees C 9 DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP 2000 arita EPE PT reer ere C 10 DHCP Contiguration ar TEPP im W imiows AP esidsiscssinitesnassdadaccinetaheosaamnrshooasas C 10 DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows 2000 viiiccccccc
107. ither type of cable to make the right connection Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 15 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 B 16 Network Routing Firewall and Basics 202 10099 01 April 2005 Appendix C Preparing Your Network This appendix describes how to prepare your network to connect to the Internet through the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 and how to verify the readiness of broadband Internet service from an Internet service provider ISP Note If an ISP technician configured your computer during the installation of a broadband modem or if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP you may need to copy the current configuration information for use in the configuration of your router Write down this information before reconfiguring your computers Refer to Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers on page C 21 or Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers on page C 22 for further information What You Need To Use a Router with a Broadband Modem You need to prepare these three things before you begin Cabling and Computer Hardware To use the WGR614 v6 router on your network each computer must have an 802 11g or 802 11b wireless adapter or an installed Ethernet Network Interface Card NIC and an Ethernet cable If the computer will connect to your network using an Ethe
108. key message to define applicable encryption keys In typical 802 1x implementations the client can automatically change encryption keys as often as necessary to minimize the possibility of eavesdroppers having enough time to crack the key in current use D 14 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP WPA uses TKIP to provide important data encryption enhancements including a per packet key mixing function a message integrity check MIC named Michael an extended initialization vector IV with sequencing rules and a re keying mechanism TKIP also provides for the following e The verification of the security configuration after the encryption keys are determined e The synchronized changing of the unicast encryption key for each frame e The determination of a unique starting unicast encryption key for each preshared key authentication Michael With 802 11 and WEP data integrity is provided by a 32 bit integrity check value ICV that is appended to the 802 11 payload and encrypted with WEP Although the ICV is encrypted you can use cryptanalysis to change bits in the encrypted payload and update the encrypted ICV without being detected by the receiver With WPA a method known as Michael specifies a new algorithm that calculates an 8 byte message integrity check MIC using the calculation facilities available on ex
109. l of IP addresses along with other information such as gateway and DNS addresses that it may assign to the other devices on the network The WGR614 v6 router has the capacity to act as a DHCP server The WGR614 v6 router also functions as a DHCP client when connecting to the ISP The firewall can automatically obtain an IP address subnet mask DNS server addresses and a gateway address if the ISP provides this information by DHCP Internet Security and Firewalls When your LAN connects to the Internet through a router an opportunity is created for outsiders to access or disrupt your network A NAT router provides some protection because by the very nature of the process the network behind the router is shielded from access by outsiders on the Internet However there are methods by which a determined hacker can possibly obtain information about your network or at the least can disrupt your Internet access A greater degree of protection is provided by a firewall router What is a Firewall A firewall is a device that protects one network from another while allowing communication between the two A firewall incorporates the functions of the NAT router while adding features for dealing with a hacker intrusion or attack Several known types of intrusion or attack can be recognized when they occur When an incident is detected the firewall can log details of the attempt and can optionally send E mail to an administrator notifying them of t
110. llation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance This is to certify that the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 is shielded against the generation of radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89 336 EEC Article 4a Conformity is declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class B CISPR 22 Best tigung des Herstellers Importeurs Es wird hiermit best tigt da das 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 gem der im BMPT AmtsblVfg 243 1991 und Vfg 46 1992 aufgef hrten Bestimmungen entstort ist Das vorschriftsmaBige Betreiben einiger Ger te z B Testsender kann jedoch gewissen Beschr nkungen unterliegen Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung Das Bundesamt fiir Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet da dieses Ger t auf den Markt gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt die Serie auf die Erf llung der Vorschriften hin zu berpr fen Certifi
111. manual 802 11 Standard 802 11 or IEEE 802 11 is a type of radio technology used for wireless local area networks WLANS It is a standard that has been developed by the IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers http standards ieee org The IEEE is an international organization that develops standards for hundreds of electronic and electrical technologies The organization uses a series of numbers like the Dewey Decimal system in libraries to differentiate between the various technology families The 802 subgroup of the IEEE develops standards for local and wide area networks with the 802 11 section reviewing and creating standards for wireless local area networks Wi Fi 802 11 is composed of several standards operating in different radio frequencies 802 11b is a standard for wireless LANs operating in the 2 4 GHz spectrum with a bandwidth of 11 Mbps 802 11a is a different standard for wireless LANs and pertains to systems operating in the 5 GHz frequency range with a bandwidth of 54 Mbps Another standard 802 11g is for WLANS operating in the 2 4 GHz frequency but with a bandwidth of 54 Mbps 802 11a Standard An IEEE specification for wireless networking that operates in the 5 GHz frequency range 5 15 GHz to 5 85 GHz with a maximum 54 Mbps data transfer rate The 5 GHz frequency band is not as crowded as the 2 4 GHz frequency because the 802 11a specification offers more radio channels than the 802 11b These addit
112. me you connect to the Internet or you have a PPPoE account with your ISP select Yes Otherwise select No Note If you have installed PPP software such as WinPoET from Earthlink or Enternet from PacBell then you have PPPoE Select Yes After selecting Yes and configuring your router you will not need to run the PPP software on your PC to connect to the Internet Internet Service Provider Select the service provided by your ISP Other PPPoE is the most common PPTP is used in Austria and other European countries Telstra BigPond is for Australia only Login This is usually the name that you use in your e mail address For example if your main mail account is JerAB ISP com then put JerAB in this box Some ISPs like Mindspring Earthlink and T DSL require that you use your full e mail address when you log in If your ISP requires your full e mail address then type it in the Login box Password Type the password that you use to log in to your ISP Service Name If your ISP provided a Service Name enter it here Otherwise this may be left blank Idle Timeout An idle Internet connection will be terminated after this time period If this value is zero 0 then the connection will be kept alive by re connecting immediately whenever the connection is lost Internet IP Address If you log in to your service or your ISP did not provide you with a fixed IP address the router will find an IP address for
113. ming its diagnostic test On Green Solid Poweris supplied and the router ithas passed its diagnostic test 0 ff Poweris notsupplied to the router Solid Amber The router has failed its diagnostic test Test On The unit is performing the power on Self test diagnostic 0 ff The unit successfully completed the power on self test diagnostic Wireless On The Wireless portis initialized and the wireless feature is enabled 0 ff The wireless feature is turned off or there is a problem Internet On The Internet porthas detected a link with an attached device B link Data is being transmitted or received by the Internet port LAN On Green The LAN localarea network porthas detected link with a 100 Mbps device Blink Green Data is being transmitted or received at100 Mbps On Amber The Local porthas detected link with a 10 Mbps device Blink Amber Data is being transmitted or received at10 Mbps 0 ff No link is detected on this port 2 6 Introduction 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 The Router s Rear Panel The rear panel of the WGR614 v6 router contains the items listed below Wireless C peppy P antenna SS 4321 Reset Button Power 4 LAN Ports Internet Port Figure 1 2 WGR614 v6 Rear Panel Viewed from left to right the rear panel contains the following features AC power adapter outlet for 12 V DC 1A output
114. most no user authentication mechanism To strengthen user authentication Wi Fi Protected Access implements 802 1x and the Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP Together these implementations provide a framework for strong user authentication This framework utilizes a central authentication server such as RADIUS to authenticate each user on the network before they join it and also employs mutual authentication so that the wireless user doesn t accidentally join a rogue network that might steal its network credentials ESSID more commonly referred to as SSID Short Set Identifier The identifying name of an 802 11 wireless network When you specify your correct ESSID in your client setup you ensure that you connect to your wireless network rather than another network in range See SSID The ESSID can be called by different terms such as Network Name Preferred Network SSID or Wireless LAN Service Area Ethernet International standard networking technology for wired implementations Basic 10BaseT networks offer a bandwidth of about 10 Mbps Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet 1000 Mbps are becoming popular Firewall A system that secures a network and prevents access by unauthorized users Firewalls can be software hardware or a combination of both Firewalls can prevent unrestricted access into a network as well as restrict data from flowing out of a network Glossary 5 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference
115. mputer on your network must have TCP IP installed and selected as its networking protocol If a Network Interface Card NIC is already installed in your computer then TCP IP is probably already installed as well Most operating systems include the software components you need for networking with TCP IP e Windows 95 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP IP network Preparing Your Network C 3 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 e Windows 3 1 does not include a TCP IP component You need to purchase a third party TCP IP application package such as NetManage Chameleon e Macintosh Operating System 7 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP IP network e All versions of UNIX or Linux include TCP IP components Follow the instructions provided with your operating system or networking software to install TCP IP on your computer In your IP network each computer and the router must be assigned a unique IP addresses Each computer must also have certain other IP configuration information such as a subnet mask netmask a domain name server DNS address and a default gateway address In most cases you should install TCP IP so that the computer obtains its specific network configuration information automatically from a DHCP server during bootup For a detailed explanation of the meaning and purpose of these configuration items refer to
116. n IP address it may get routed differently through the network At the other end TCP reassembles the individual packets and waits until they have all arrived to forward them as a single file TCP IP The underlying technology behind the Internet and communications between computers in a network The first part TCP is the transport part which matches the size of the messages on either end and guarantees that the correct message has been received The IP part is the user s computer address on a network Every computer in a TCP IP network has its own IP address that is either dynamically assigned at startup or permanently assigned All TCP IP messages contain the address of the destination network as well as the address of the destination station This enables TCP IP messages to be transmitted to multiple networks subnets within an organization or worldwide TKIP A security feature that is a WEP enhancement Temporal Key Integrity Protocol and Message Integrity Check MIC is a modification of WEP to defend against known attacks WEP four patches for key mixing message integrity rekeying initialization vector protection Universal Plug and Play UPnP UPnP helps devices such as Internet appliances and computers access the network and connect to other devices as needed UPnP devices can automatically discover the services from other registered UPnP devices on the network USB Universal Serial Bus A high speed bidirectional serial con
117. n similar products in your area the operating channel amp region must be set correctly e Placement of the Router to Optimize Wireless Connectivity The operating distance or range of your wireless connection can vary significantly based on the physical placement of the router For best results place your router Near the center of the area in which your PCs will operate In an elevated location such as a high shelf Away from potential sources of interference such as PCs microwaves and cordless phones With the Antenna tight and in the upright position Away from large metal surfaces Configuring the Internetand Wireless Settings 3 9 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Note Failure to follow these guidelines can result in significant performance degradation or inability to wirelessly connect to the router e Name SSID Enter a value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters The same Name SSID must be assigned to all wireless devices in your network The default SSID is NETGEAR but NETGEAR strongly recommends that you change your network s Name SSID to a different value This value is also case sensitive For example NETGEAR is not the same as NETGEAtr e Region Select your region from the drop down list This field displays the region of operation for which the wireless interface is intended It may not be legal to operate the router in a region othe
118. nced features of your 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 These features can be found under the Advanced heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface Note If you are unfamiliar with networking and routing refer to Appendix B gt Network Routing Firewall and Basics to become more familiar with the terms and procedures used in this chapter Configuring Port Triggering Port Triggering is an advanced feature that can be used to easily enable gaming and other internet applications Port Forwarding is typically used to enable similar functionality but it is static and has some limitations Note If you use applications such as multi player gaming peer to peer connections real time communications such as instant messaging or remote assistance a feature in Windows XP you should also enable UPnP according to the instructions at Using Universal Plug and Play UPnP on page 6 18 Port Triggering opens an incoming port temporarily and does not require the server on the internet to track your IP address if it is changed by DHCP for example Port Triggering monitors outbound traffic When the router detects traffic on the specified outbound port it remembers the IP address of the computer that sent the data and triggers the incoming port Incoming traffic on the triggered port is then forwarded to the triggering computer Using the Port Triggering page you can make local computers or servers available to t
119. nd a Web browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape are required Product and Publication Details Model Number WGR614 v6 Publication Date April 2005 Product Family router Product Name 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Home or Business Product Home Language English Publication Part Number 202 10099 01 202 10099 01 April 2005 202 10099 01 April 2005 Contents Chapter 1 About This Manual Audieace Stope Conyeaions and Formals nciraciasisdioasiretmoinanniananedierlassercenaeties 1 1 Now to We TIE Mania benni a E A O RA 1 2 Haw to PANES MANUA oerien E rer ereeir rt 1 3 Chapter 2 Introduction key Pa ES snnonnopi ombri seats 2 1 COL Wirelles NEtWOTEMNG sorria 2 2 A Powertiul Tewe Firewall with eonenni F GCG surare 2 2 PCT oan eee canmetam inner rai stoleumscnaue A 2 3 Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink sossssesssresrserirererenresse 2 3 Ee Sie FOW SUOI orucunda aaielucnlat enon uedealiatemiaade 2 3 Easy WStllatlen snd Manage MENi bopriset aiir 2 4 ce iN and SUPO data i chectrstts aAa a a A 2 5 Porkan COUEN savers thosirenesainnsnurdciondanssidearsngreesuad a 2 5 The RONU Ss FICHE EN sn cadicenma a nna 2 6 The Poileas Rear TSE cmaiicaiainicwaioniiwmiaiuaiienia EO 2 7 Chapter 3 Configuring the Internet and Wireless Settings M AG RN rie mide Gites tate R EEN 3 2 Laagna ato Tour ROET nnan 3 3 Cikarang Tour eo minu ARON citeneaghadiunaccideeanatibddsatn bitin detentions 3 5 Memet TENGS siene OE EAE
120. ndomly generated secret key back to the server in order to have a secret key exchange for that session Subnetwork or Subnet Found in larger networks these smaller networks are used to simplify addressing between numerous computers Subnets connect to the central network through a router hub or gateway Each individual wireless LAN will probably use the same subnet for all the local computers it talks to Switch A type of hub that efficiently controls the way multiple devices use the same network so that each can operate at optimal performance A switch acts as a networks traffic cop rather than transmitting all the packets it receives to all ports as a hub does a switch transmits packets to only the receiving port TCP Transmission Control Protocol A protocol used along with the Internet Protocol IP to send data in the form of individual units called packets between computers over the Internet While IP takes care of handling the actual delivery of the data TCP takes care of keeping track of the packets that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet 10 Glossary 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 For example when a web page is downloaded from a web server the TCP program layer in that server divides the file into packets numbers the packets and then forwards them individually to the IP program layer Although each packet has the same destinatio
121. nection between a PC and a peripheral that transmits data at the rate of 12 megabits per second The new USB 2 0 specification provides a data rate of up to 480 Mbps compared to standard USB at only 12 Mbps 1394 FireWire and iLink all provide a bandwidth of up to 400 Mbps VoIP Voice over IP Voice transmission using Internet Protocol to create digital packets distributed over the Internet VoIP can be less expensive than voice transmission using standard analog packets over POTS Plain Old Telephone Service VPN Virtual Private Network A type of technology designed to increase the security of information transferred over the Internet VPN can work with either wired or wireless networks as well as with dial up connections over POTS VPN creates a private encrypted tunnel from the end user s computer through the local wireless network through the Internet all the way to the corporate servers and database War Chalking The act of making chalk marks on outdoor surfaces walls sidewalks buildings sign posts trees to indicate the existence of an open wireless network connection usually offering an Internet connection so that others Glossary 11 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 can benefit from the free wireless access The open connections typically come from the access points of wireless networks located within buildings to serve enterprises The chalk symbols indicate the t
122. ng a dial up connection This feature eliminates the need to run a login program such as Entersys or WinPOET on your computer Easy Installation and Management You can install configure and operate the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 within minutes after connecting it to the network The following features simplify installation and management tasks Browser based management Browser based configuration allows you to easily configure your router from almost any type of personal computer such as Windows Macintosh or Linux A user friendly Setup Wizard is provided and online help documentation is built into the browser based Web Management Interface Smart Wizard The WGR614 v6 router Smart Wizard automatically senses the type of Internet connection asking you only for the information required for your type of ISP account Firmware Update The WGR614 v6 router can be updated if a newer version of firmware is available This lets you take advantage of product enhancements for your WGR614 v6 as soon as they become available 2 4 Introduction 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 e Visual monitoring The WGR614 v6 router s front panel LEDs provide an easy way to monitor its status and activity Maintenance and Support NETGEAR offers the following features to help you maximize your use of the WGR614 v6 router e Flash memory for firmware upgrades e Free technical support
123. ng this procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information To get the information you need to configure the router for Internet access 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network icon The Network window opens which displays a list of installed components 3 Select TCP IP and then click Properties The TCP IP Properties dialog box opens 4 Select the IP Address tab If an IP address and subnet mask are shown write down the information If an address is present your account uses a fixed static IP address If no address is present your account uses a dynamically assigned IP address Click Obtain an IP address automatically 5 Select the Gateway tab Preparing Your Network C 21 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 If an IP address appears under Installed Gateways write down the address This is the ISP s gateway address Select the address and then click Remove to remove the gateway address Select the DNS Configuration tab If any DNS server addresses are shown write down the addresses If any information appears in the Host or Domain information box write it down Click Disable DNS Click OK to save your changes and close the TCP IP Properties dialog box You are returned to the Network window Click OK Reboot your PC at the prompt
124. nnections real time communications such as instant messaging or remote assistance a feature in Windows XP you should enable UPnP Advertisement Period The Advertisement Period is how often the router will broadcast its UPnP information This value can range from 1 to 1440 minutes The default period is 30 minutes Shorter durations will ensure that control points have current device status at the expense of additional network traffic Longer durations may compromise the freshness of the device status but can significantly reduce network traffic Advertisement Time To Live The time to live for the advertisement is measured in hops steps for each UPnP packet sent The time to live hop count is the number of steps a broadcast packet is allowed to propagate for each UPnP advertisement before it disappears The number of hops can range from 1 to 255 The default value for the advertisement time to live is 4 hops which should be fine for most home networks If you notice that some devices are not being updated or reached correctly then it may be necessary to increase this value a little UPnP Portmap Table The UPnP Portmap Table displays the IP address of each UPnP device that is currently accessing the router and which ports Internal and External that device has opened The UPnP Portmap Table also displays what type of port is opened and if that port is still active for each IP address Advanced Configuration of the Router 6 19 202 10099
125. ogram What Is Your Configuration Information More and more ISPs are dynamically assigning configuration information However if your ISP does not dynamically assign configuration information but instead used fixed configurations your ISP should have given you the following basic information for your account C 20 Preparing Y our Network 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 e An IP address and subnet mask e A gateway IP address which is the address of the ISP s router e One or more domain name server DNS IP addresses e Host name and domain suffix For example your account s full server names may look like this mail xxx yyy com In this example the domain suffix is xxx yyy com If any of these items are dynamically supplied by the ISP your router automatically acquires them If an ISP technician configured your PC during the installation of the broadband modem or if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP you need to copy the configuration information from your PC s Network TCP IP Properties window or Macintosh TCP IP Control Panel before reconfiguring your PC for use with the router These procedures are described next Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers As mentioned above you may need to collect configuration information from your PC so that you can use this information when you configure the WGR614 v6 router Followi
126. ons between network nodes In a full mesh topology every node has a connection to every other node in the network Mesh networks may be wired or wireless Mesh network Glossary 7 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 In a wireless mesh example each of the spheres below represent a mesh router Corporate servers and printers may be shared by attaching to each mesh router For wireless access to the mesh an access point must be attached to any one of the mesh routers Multiple Input Multiple Output MIMO MIMO refers to radio links with multiple antennas at the transmitter and the receiver side to improve the performance of the wireless link NAT Network Address Translation A network capability that enables a houseful of computers to dynamically share a single incoming IP address from a dial up cable or xDSL connection NAT takes the single incoming IP address and creates new IP address for each client computer on the network Network name Identifies the wireless network for all the shared components During the installation process for most wireless networks you need to enter the network name or SSID Different network names are used when setting up your individual computer wired network or workgroup NIC Network Interface Card A type of PC adapter card that either works without wires Wi Fi or attaches to a network cable to provide two way communication between the computer
127. or belting a Port omarding BMY soninn onnaa eds 6 5 LocalWeb and FTP Server Example E nee E EA E T 6 6 Multiple Computers for Half Life KALI or Quake i a E PETE 6 6 Contdutma the WAN Setup Dh WMS sucnniiaraniianain a A TA 6 7 ConnectAutomancaly as Required sects ter lactomasdunnace a 6 7 ier me SPF Wael aanisannsina aa 6 8 Sei Ui se Denkt OM 2 SENE anora Responding to Ping on Internet WAN POr c eeccsssccscesssescsseeesssessssseesssseenseeeren 6 8 senma Me MTU SE irrikan aoii daaeatiadn AAA A 6 9 Vaina Me LAN IF Semy OPUS eunn P T Contguning LAN TCP AP Setup Parime titi soncrnsienimaanininninnansni 6 10 vi Contents 202 10099 01 April 2005 Usma te Rooter asa DECE Se baruni 6 11 Using Address Reservation oaos ET E E E TE EE PT Lae Usma a Uyas UNS SENIE ai eka erecta ie nr 6 13 MOTUS REUE ainn anA T A 6 14 Enabling Remote ManagementAccess we E E T 6 16 Using Universal F ma and FRIU PNP ccsndermivissacciaoreeminenitnasieiandanane 6 18 Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Bias 6 OW HUNG ana E 7 1 Power LIGHTEN GED i scortese EET PE AREE E EEE EEEE EE PE E TS del Lore Neer Tun Oi eien a n 7 2 LAN or NAN PTC NOTON scczc c calatcceza acuta tanadtanadeadsadeasansesaabonaniianteueaacauaanantan 7 2 Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface w EET PE E E a Troubeshoptno Me SF COB CON vp cuissnseusmariricniemenineianiinntac 7 4 Troubleshooting a TCP IP Network Using a Ping Utt ciiariciiinrrnoiaia nissin 7 5 Testing the LAW Path to Y
128. ormation about the encryption key and alerts administrators but it also causes users to lose network connectivity for 60 seconds More than anything else this may just prove that no single security tactic is completely invulnerable WPA WPA2 is a definite step forward in WLAN security over WEP and has to be thought of as a single part of an end to end network security strategy Product Support for WPA WPA2 Starting in August 2003 NETGEAR Inc wireless Wi Fi certified products will support the WPA standard NETGEAR Inc wireless products that had their Wi Fi certification approved before August 2003 will have one year to add WPA so as to maintain their Wi Fi certification WPA WPA2 requires software changes to the following e Wireless access points e Wireless network adapters e Wireless client programs Supporting a Mixture of WPA WPA2 and WEP Wireless Clients is Discouraged To support the gradual transition of WEP based wireless networks to WPA WPA2 a wireless AP can support both WEP and WPA WPA2 clients at the same time During the association the wireless AP determines which clients use WEP and which clients use WPA WPA2 The disadvantage to supporting a mixture of WEP and WPA WPA2 clients is that the global encryption key is not dynamic This is because WEP based clients cannot support it All other benefits to the WPA clients such as integrity are maintained However a mixed mode supporting WPA WPA2 and non WPA WPA2 client
129. our ROUTED sccdccscssssaceccrsascdaieressnesceenmeidearessenecenmsansacins 7 5 Testing the Path from YourComputerto a Remote Device wetter eee 7 6 Restoring the Default Configuration and Password sossssccecsess eee erence ee Problems wiih Date amd TIME ceriose nni oa 7 7 Appendix A Technical Specifications Appendix B Network Routing Firewall and Basics Pane celal at acl ech AE eer etter E cremeet nearer E E mere ete errr B 1 BSC Ute C On et oaan a A A AO B 1 WH sca FREI wasna aaa Ba Reunig ICRI atoi FETO enra eei i e B 2 IP Addresses and the Intemet scics oxic sntutsatianoninceiadvanuduatsigruuuidstaanonnleetidseoutdssadsehaneadteounls B 2 MEAE e B 4 SNOET ATES ahna A AR B 4 ALE E EEE PE A A E E EE E nae Single IF Address Operation Using NAT sscccssssecccarsssseaccrevssenserecrssesaaneeassccrnrnsecanes B 7 MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol cccccsseessssssssssseesstsessnsseessseess B 8 Le ArE CooMieceral E 1i bl Waren neeee tee venta etn Dre Reenter te rnt erie nity tr er Test trey waerr a tanCrveerner ny rrrree tnt B 9 Doman Namnet SPIN e0 ici usncauncnna nunca eens B 9 Contents 202 10099 01 April 2005 vil Eo eee ORC P nnmarannisti tania B 10 Internet Security and Firewalls acses PT PERN PEAT EAA A T aiita B 10 CSEE a EN E aa Ei B 10 Sabet Packet inspeti roncnmiimenonai aa A B 11 Denialof service Attack wissen aini rae EE AT e a SUC aMt oa er ills enna aa a B 11 A Oe I Cao OUN naa a a A Subebeanss a
130. our networking needs FEATURE DEFAULT FACTORY SETTINGS Wireless Access Point Enabled Wireless Access List MAC Filtering All wireless stations allowed SSID broadcast Enabled SSID NETGEAR llb g RF Channel 11 Mode g and b Authentication Type Open System WEP Disabled Configuring the Internetand Wireless Settings 3 11 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 How to Bypass the Configuration Assistant 1 When the wireless router is in the factory default state type http www routerlogin net basicsetting htm in the address field of your browser then click Enter When the wireless router is in the factory default state a user name and password are not required 2 The browser will then display the WGR614 v6 settings home page shown in Figure 3 4 If you do not click Logout the wireless router will wait 5 minutes after there is no activity before it automatically logs you out NETGEAR Product Registration Support and Documentation Register your product at htto www NETGEAR com register Registration is required before you can use our telephone support service Product updates and Web support are always available by going to http kbserver netgear com products WGR6 14v6 asp Documentation is available on the CD and at http kbserver netgear com documentation WGR6 14v6 asp When the wireless router is connected to the Inte
131. outer Maintenance 5 3 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Table 5 2 Connection Status Items continued Item Description Default Gateway The WAN Internet default gateway the router communicates with DHCP Server The IP address of the DHCP server which provided the IP configuration addresses DNS Server The IP address of the DNS server which provides network name to IP address translation Lease Obtained When the DHCP lease was obtained Lease Expires When the DHCP lease was expires Release Click the Release button to release the DHCP lease Renew Click the Renew button to renew the DHCP lease Click on the Show Statistics button to display router usage statistics as shown below System Up Time 0 13 22 Port Status TxPKts RxPkts Collisions Tx B s Rx Bis Up Time WAN 1 OM Half 52 0 0 118 0 0 13 22 LAN 100W Full 959 728 0 1921 720 0 13 22 WLAN 11M 959 728 0 1921 720 0 13 22 Poll Interval s secs Set Interval Figure 5 3 Router Statistics screen This screen shows the following statistics Table 5 3 Router Statistics Items Item Description Port The statistics for the WAN Internet and LAN local ports For each port the screen displays Status The link status of the port T xP kts The number of packets transmitted on this portsince reset or manual clear R xP kts The number of packets received
132. owing three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks 10 0 0 0 102 255 255 255 L72 1620 0 172316259 255 192 168 0 0 192 168 255 255 Choose your private network number from this range The DHCP server of the WGR614 v6 router is preconfigured to automatically assign private addresses Regardless of your particular situation do not create an arbitrary IP address always follow the guidelines explained here For more information about address assignment refer to RFC 1597 Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space The Internet Engineering Task Force IETF publishes RFCs on its Web site at www ietf org Single IP Address Operation Using NAT In the past if multiple computers on a LAN needed to access the Internet simultaneously you had to obtain a range of IP addresses from the ISP This type of Internet account is more costly than a single address account typically used by a single user with a modem rather than a router The WGR614 v6 router employs an address sharing method called Network Address Translation NAT This method allows several networked computers to share an Internet account using only a single IP address which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your ISP The router accomplishes this address sharing by translating the internal LAN IP addresses to a single address that is globally unique on the Internet The internal LAN IP addr
133. own below Block Services Setup Service Type User Defined gt Protocol Te x Starting Port a 65534 Ending Port a 65534 Service Type User Defined ooo Filter Services For Only This IP Address C IP Address Range C C Cc N S S S AIl IP Addresses Add Cancel Figure 4 3 Add Services menu From the Service Type list select the application or service to be allowed or blocked The list already displays several common services but you are not limited to these choices To add any additional services or applications that do not already appear select User Defined Configuring a User Defined Service To define a service first you must determine which port number or range of numbers is used by the application The service numbers for many common protocols are defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF and published in RFC1700 Assigned Numbers Service numbers for other applications are typically chosen from the range 1024 to 65535 by the authors of the application This information can usually be determined by contacting the publisher of the application or from user groups of newsgroups Enter the Starting Port and Ending Port numbers If the application uses a single port number enter that number in both boxes If you know that the application uses either TCP or UDP select the appropriate protocol If you are not sure select Both 4 4 Content Filtering 202 10099 01
134. printing two pages on a single sheet of paper you can save paper and printer ink by selecting this feature About This Manual 1 3 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 1 4 About This Manual 202 10099 01 April 2005 Chapter 2 Introduction Congratulations on your purchase of the NETGEAR 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 The WGR614 v6 router provides connection for multiple computers to the Internet through an external broadband access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem that is normally intended for use by a single computer This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Key Features The 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 with 4 port switch connects your local area network LAN to the Internet through an external access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem The WGR614 v6 router provides you with multiple Web content filtering options plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts via e mail Parents and network administrators can establish restricted access policies based on time of day Web site addresses and address keywords and share high speed cable DSL Internet access for up to 253 computers In addition to the Network Address Translation NAT feature the built in firewall protects you from hackers With minimum setup you can install and use the router within minutes The WGR614 v6 router provides the follo
135. puter to verify that the LAN path to your router is set up correctly To ping the router from a running Windows 95 or later 1 From the Windows toolbar click on the Start button and select Run 2 In the field provided type Ping followed by the IP address of the router as in this example ping 192 168 1 1 Troubleshooting 7 5 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 3 Click on OK You should see a message like this one Pinging lt IP address gt with 32 bytes of data If the path is working you see this message Reply from lt IP address gt bytes 32 time NN ms TTL xxx If the path is not working you see this message Request timed out If the path is not functioning correctly you could have one of the following problems e Wrong physical connections Make sure the LAN port LED is on If the LED is off follow the instructions in LAN or WAN Port Lights Not On on page 7 2 Check that the corresponding Link LEDs are on for your network interface card and for the hub ports if any that are connected to your workstation and router e Wrong network configuration Verify that the Ethernet card driver software and TCP IP software are both installed and configured on your computer or workstation Verify that the IP address for your router and your workstation are correct and that the addresses are on the same subnet Testing the Path from Your Computer to a
136. puters to work with the router you must reset the network for the devices to be able to communicate correctly Restart any computer that is connected to the firewall After configuring all of your computers for TCP IP networking and restarting them and connecting them to the local network of your WGR614 v6 router you are ready to access and configure the router Preparing Your Network C 23 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 202 10099 01 April 2005 Preparing Y our Network Appendix D Wireless Networking Basics This chapter provides an overview of Wireless networking Wireless Networking Overview The WGRG14 v6 router conforms to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 802 11b and 802 11g standards for wireless LANs WLANs On an 802 11b or g wireless link data is encoded using direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS technology and is transmitted in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2 5GHz The maximum data rate for the 802 11b wireless link is 11 Mbps but it will automatically back down from 11 Mbps to 5 5 2 and 1 Mbps when the radio signal is weak or when interference is detected The 802 11g auto rate sensing rates are 1 2 5 5 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbps The 802 11 standard is also called Wireless Ethernet or Wi Fi by the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance WECA see hitp www wi fi net an industry standard group promoting
137. quency Channels Channel Center Frequency Frequency Spread 1 2412 MHz 2399 5 MHz 2424 5 MHz 2 2417 MHz 2404 5 MHz 2429 5 MHz 3 2422 MHz 2409 5 MHz 2434 5 MHz Wireless Networking Basics D 7 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Table D 2 802 11b g Radio Frequency Channels Channel Center Frequency Frequency Spread 4 2427 MHz 2414 5 MHz 2439 5 MHz 5 2432 MHz 2419 5 MHz 2444 5 MHz 6 2437 MHz 2424 5 MHz 2449 5 MHz 7 2442 MHz 2429 5 MHz 2454 5 MHz 8 2447 MHz 2434 5 MHz 2459 5 MHz 9 2452 MHz 2439 5 MHz 2464 5 MHz 10 2457 MHz 2444 5 MHz 2469 5 MHz 11 2462 MHz 2449 5 MHz 2474 5 MHz 12 2467 MHz 2454 5 MHz 2479 5 MHz 13 2472 MHz 2459 5 MHz 2484 5 MHz Note The available channels supported by the wireless products in various countries are different For example Channels 1 to 11 are supported in the U S and Canada and Channels 1 to 13 are supported in Europe and Australia The preferred channel separation between the channels in neighboring wireless networks is 25 MHz 5 channels This means that you can apply up to three different channels within your wireless network There are only 11 usable wireless channels in the United States It is recommended that you start using channel 1 and grow to use channel 6 and 11 when necessary as these three channels do not overlap WPA
138. r than the region shown here If your country or region is not listed please check with your local government agency or check our web site for more information on which channels to use e Channel This field determines which operating frequency will be used It should not be necessary to change the wireless channel unless you notice interference problems with another nearby access point e Mode Select the desired wireless mode The options are g amp b Both 802 11g and 802 11b wireless stations can be used gonly Only 802 11g wireless stations can be used b only All 802 11b wireless stations can be used 802 11g wireless stations can still be used if they can operate in 802 11b mode The default is g amp b which allows both g and b wireless stations to access this device e Security Options Disable no data encryption WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy use WEP 64 or 128 bit data encryption e Authentication Type Normally this can be left at the default value of Automatic If that fails select the appropriate value Open System or Shared Key Check your wireless card s documentation to see what method to use e Encryption Strength Select the WEP Encryption level 64 bit sometimes called 40 bit encryption 128 bit encryption e Security Encryption WEP Key If WEP is enabled you can manually or automatically program the four data encryption keys These values must be identical on all PCs and Access
139. r will be retained even though it will not be used e Port Triggering Timeout Enter a value up to 9999 minutes The Port Triggering Timeout value controls the inactivity timer for the designated inbound port s The inbound port s will be closed when the inactivity timer expires e For Internet Games or Applications Before starting you ll need to know which service application or game you ll be configuring Also you ll need to have the outbound port triggering port address for this game or application 6 2 Advanced Configuration of the R outer 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Follow these steps to set up a computer to play Internet games or use Internet applications 1 Click Add Port Triggering Services Service Service Name Service User Any x Service Type TCP Triggering Port __ 1 65535 f Required Inbound Connection Connection Type TCP UDP Starting Port 1 65534 Ending Part 1 65535 Cancel Figure 6 2 Add Port Trigger Menu 2 Enter a service name in the Service Name box 3 Under Service User selecting Any default will allow this service to be used by everyone in your network Otherwise select Single address and enter the IP address of one computer to restrict the service to a particular computer 4 Select the Service Type 5 Enter the outbound port number in Triggering Port box 6 Enter the inbound conn
140. rade files can be downloaded from the NETGEAR Web site If the upgrade file is compressed ZIP file you must first extract the file before sending it to the router The upgrade file can be sent to the router using your browser Note The Web browser used to upload new firmware into the WGR614 v6 router must support HTTP uploads NETGEAR recommends using Microsoft Internet Explorer 5 0 and above and Netscape Navigator 4 7 and above From the Main Menu of the browser interface under the Maintenance heading select the Router Upgrade link display the menu shown below Maintenance 5 7 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Router Upgrade Locate and select the upgrade file from your hard disk Browse Upload Cancel Figure 5 6 Router Upgrade menu To upload new firmware 1 Download and unzip if the downloaded file is a zip file the new software file from NETGEAR 2 Inthe Router Upgrade menu click the Browse button and browse to the location of the upgrade file 3 Click Upload Note When uploading software to the WGR614 v6 router it is important not to interrupt the Web browser by closing the window clicking a link or loading a new page If the browser is interrupted it may corrupt the software When the upload is complete your router will automatically restart The upgrade process will typically take about one minute In some cases you may need to reconf
141. ree Main Address Classes The five address classes are e Class A Class A addresses can have up to 16 777 214 hosts on a single network They use an eight bit network number and a 24 bit node number Class A addresses are in this range LXK CO 126 xvas e Class B Class B addresses can have up to 65 354 hosts on a network A Class B address uses a 16 bit network number and a 16 bit node number Class B addresses are in this range 128 1 4 to r AA ED oa e Class C Class C addresses can have 254 hosts on a network Class C addresses use 24 bits for the network address and eight bits for the node They are in this range 1927041x To 2233255 254 x e Class D Class D addresses are used for multicasts messages sent to many hosts Class D addresses are in this range 224 0 0 0 to 239 255 255 255 e Class E Class E addresses are for experimental use Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 3 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 This addressing structure allows IP addresses to uniquely identify each physical network and each node on each physical network For each unique value of the network portion of the address the base address of the range host address of all zeros is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host Also the top address of the range host address of all ones is not assigned but is used as the broadcast address for simultaneou
142. right connection Extensive Protocol Support The WGR614 v6 router supports the Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol TCP IP and Routing Information Protocol RIP For further information about TCP IP refer to Appendix B Network Routing Firewall and Basics Introduction 2 3 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 IP Address Sharing by NAT The WGR614 v6 router allows several networked computers to share an Internet account using only a single IP address which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your Internet service provider ISP This technique known as NAT allows the use of an inexpensive single user ISP account Automatic Configuration of Attached computers by DHCP The WGR614 v6 router dynamically assigns network configuration information including IP gateway and domain name server DNS addresses to attached computers on the LAN using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP This feature greatly simplifies configuration of computers on your local network DNS Proxy When DHCP is enabled and no DNS addresses are specified the router provides its own address as a DNS server to the attached computers The router obtains actual DNS addresses from the ISP during connection setup and forwards DNS requests from the LAN PPP over Ethernet PPPoE PPPoE is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over a DSL connection by simulati
143. ring protocols It also reads the addresses included in the packets and routes them to the appropriate computer station working with any other routers in the network to choose the best path to send the packets on A wireless hub or access point adds a few capabilities such as roaming and provides a network connection to a variety of clients but it does not allocate bandwidth A switch is a hub that has extra intelligence It can read the address of a packet and send it to the appropriate computer station A wireless gateway is an access point that provides additional capabilities such as NAT routing DHCP firewalls security etc Ad Hoc mode A client setting that provides independent peer to peer connectivity in a wireless LAN An alternative set up is one where PCs communicate with each other through an AP See access point and Infrastructure mode Bandwidth The amount of transmission capacity that is available on a network at any point in time Available bandwidth depends on several variables such as the rate of data transmission speed between networked devices network overhead number of users and the type of device used to connect PCs to a network It is similar to a pipeline in that capacity is determined by size the wider the pipe the more water can flow through it the more bandwidth a network provides the more data can flow through it Standard 802 11b provides a bandwidth of 11 Mbps 802 11a and 802 11g provide a bandwidth of 54 Mbps
144. rinters as supported by Microsoft networking in the various Windows operating systems Some vendors also refer to ad hoc networking as peer to peer group networking In this configuration network packets are directly sent and received by the intended transmitting and receiving stations As long as the stations are within range of one another this is the easiest and least expensive way to set up a wireless network Network Name Extended Service Set Identification ESSID The Extended Service Set Identification ESSID is one of two types of Service Set Identification SSID In an ad hoc wireless network with no access points the Basic Service Set Identification BSSID is used In an infrastructure wireless network that includes an access point the ESSID is used but may still be referred to as SSID An SSID is a thirty two character maximum alphanumeric key identifying the name of the wireless local area network Some vendors refer to the SSID as network name For the wireless devices in a network to communicate with each other all devices must be configured with the same SSID The ESSID is usually broadcast in the air from an access point The wireless station sometimes can be configured with the ESSID ANY This means the wireless station will try to associate with whichever access point has the stronger radio frequency RF signal providing that both the access point and wireless station use Open System authentication Authentication
145. rmation is provided in the Appendices and on the Netgear website This guide uses the following typographical conventions Table 1 1 Typographical Conventions italics Emphasis books CDs URL names bold User input fixed Screen text file and server names extensions commands IP addresses This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages Note This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest gt This manual is written for the WGR614 v6 router according to these specifications Table 1 2 Manual Scope Product Version 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Manual Publication Date April 2005 Note Product updates are available on the NETGEAR Inc Web site at http kbserver netgear com products WGR614 v6 asp 4 AboutThis Manual 1 1 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 How to Use This Manual The HTML version of this manual includes the following e Buttons gt and lt for browsing forwards or backwards through the manual one page at a time e A button that displays the table of contents and an button Double click on a link in the table of contents or index to navigate directly to where the topic is described in the manual e A Knowledge Base button to access the full NETGEAR Inc online knowledge base for the product model
146. rnet click the Knowledge Base or the Documentation link under the Web Support menu to view support information or the documentation for the wireless router 3 12 Configuring the Internetand Wireless Settings 202 10099 01 April 2005 Chapter 4 Content Filtering This chapter describes how to use the content filtering features of the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 to protect your network These features can be found by clicking on the Content Filtering heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface Content Filtering Overview The 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 provides you with Web content filtering options plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts via e mail Parents and network administrators can establish restricted access policies based on time of day Web addresses and Web address keywords You can also block Internet access by applications and services such as chat or games To configure these features of your router click on the subheadings under the Content Filtering heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface The subheadings are described below Content Filtering 4 1 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Blocking Access to Internet Sites The WGR614 v6 router allows you to restrict access based on Web addresses and Web address keywords Up to 255 entries are supported in the Keyword list The Block Sites menu is shown in Figure 4 1 below
147. rnet NIC at 100 Mbps you must use a Category 5 Cat 5 cable such as the one provided with your router For an explanation of Ethernet cabling see Ethernet Cabling on page B 11 The cable or DSL broadband modem must provide a standard 10 Mbps LOBASE T or 100 Mbps LOOBASE Tx Ethernet interface Computer Network Configuration Requirements The WGR614 v6 includes a built in Web Configuration Manager To access the configuration menus on the WGR614 v6 your must use a Java enabled Web browser program which supports HTTP uploads such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator Use Internet Explorer 5 0 and above and Netscape Navigator 4 7 and above Preparing Your Network C 1 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 For the initial setup of your router you will need to connect a computer to the router This computer has to be set to automatically get its TCP IP configuration from the router via DHCP Note For help with DHCP configuration please use the Windows TCP IP Configuration Tutorials on the NETGEAR 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Resource CD 230 10091 02 or in this appendix Internet Configuration Requirements Depending on how your Internet service set up your account you may need one or more of these configuration parameters to connect your router to the Internet e Host and Domain Names e ISP Login Name and Password e ISP Domain Name Server DNS Addresse
148. rnet Protocol TCP IP Install Uninstall Properties Description Allows your computer to access resources on a Microsoft network Show icon in notification area when connected OK Cancel Preparing Your Network 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 e Verify that the Obtain an IP address automatically radio button is selected e Verify that Obtain DNS server address automatically radio button is selected e Click the OK button This completes the DHCP configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties General Alternate Configuration You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network supports this capability Otherwise you need to ask your network administrator for the appropriate IP settings Obtain an IP address automatically Use the following IP address i Obtain DNS server address automatically Use the following DNS server addresses DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows 2000 Once again after you have installed the network card TCP IP for Windows 2000 is configured TCP IP should be added by default and set to DHCP without your having to configure it However if there are problems follow these steps to configure TCP IP with DHCP for Windows 2000
149. rnet Protocol address A 32 bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent across the Internet An IP address has two parts an identifier of a particular network on the Internet and an identifier of the particular device which can be a server or a workstation within that network ISO Network Model A network model developed by the International Standards Organization ISO that consists of seven different levels or layers By standardizing these layers and the interfaces in between different portions of a given protocol can be modified or changed as technologies advance or systems requirements are altered The seven layers are e Physical e Data Link e Network e Transport e Session e Presentation e Application The IEFE 802 11 Standard encompasses the physical layer PHY and the lower portion of the data link layer The lower portion of the data link layer is often referred to as the Medium Access Controller MAC sublayer MAC Media Access Control Every wireless 802 11 device has its own specific MAC address hard coded into it This unique identifier can be used to provide security for wireless networks When a network uses a MAC table only the 802 11 radios that have had their MAC addresses added to that network s MAC table will be able to get onto the network Mesh Networks Also called mesh topology mesh is a network topology in which devices are connected with many redundant interconnecti
150. rward compatible with the IEEE 802 111 security specification currently under development by the IEEE Wi Fi Protected Access is a subset of the current 802 11i draft taking certain pieces of the 802 11i draft that are ready to bring to market today such as its implementation of 802 1x and TKIP These features can also be enabled on most existing Wi Fi CERTIFIED products as a software upgrade The main pieces of the 802 111 draft that are not included in Wi Fi Protected Access are secure IBSS secure fast handoff secure de authentication and disassociation as well as enhanced encryption protocols such as AES CCMP These features are either not yet ready for market or will require hardware upgrades to implement Wi Fi Protected Access for the Enterprise Wi Fi Protected Access effectively addresses the WLAN security requirements for the enterprise and provides a strong encryption and authentication solution prior to the ratification of the IEEE 802 11i standard In an enterprise with IT resources Wi Fi Protected Access should be used in conjunction with an authentication server such as RADIUS to provide centralized access control and management With this implementation in place the need for add on solutions such as VPNs may be eliminated at least for the express purpose of securing the wireless link in a network Wi Fi Protected Access for Home SOHO In a home or Small Office Home Office SOHO environment where there are no central authentication
151. s e Wireless network name broadcast can be turned off so that only devices that have the network name SSID can connect A Powerful True Firewall with Content Filtering Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT routers the WGR614 v6 is a true firewall using stateful packet inspection to defend against hacker attacks Its firewall features include e Denial of Service DoS protection Automatically detects and thwarts DoS attacks such as Ping of Death SYN Flood LAND Attack and IP Spoofing e Blocks unwanted traffic from the Internet to your LAN e Blocks access from your LAN to Internet locations or services that you specify as off limits e Logs security incidents The WGR614 v6 will log security events such as blocked incoming traffic port scans attacks and administrator logins You can configure the router to E mail the log to you at specified intervals You can also configure the router to send immediate alert messages to your E mail address or E mail pager whenever a significant event occurs 2 2 Introduction 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 e The WGR614 v6 prevents objectionable content from reaching your computers The router allows you to control access to Internet content by screening for keywords within Web addresses You can configure the router to log and report attempts to access objectionable Internet sites Security The WGR614 v6 router is equipped wit
152. s e Fixed IP Address which is also known as Static IP Address Where Do Get the Internet Configuration Parameters There are several ways you can gather the required Internet connection information e Your Internet service provides all the information needed to connect to the Internet If you cannot locate this information you can ask your Internet service to provide it or you can try one of the options below e If you have a computer already connected using the Internet you can gather the configuration information from that computer For Windows 95 98 ME open the Network control panel select the TCP IP entry for the Ethernet adapter and click Properties Record all the settings for each tab page For Windows 2000 XP open the Local Area Network Connection select the TCP IP entry for the Ethernet adapter and click Properties Record all the settings for each tab page For Macintosh computers record the settings in the TCP IP or Network control panel e You may also refer to the NETGEAR 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Resource CD 230 10091 02 for the NETGEAR Router ISP Guide which provides Internet connection information for many ISPs Once you locate your Internet configuration parameters you may want to record them on the page below C 2 Preparing Y our Network 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Record Your Internet Connection Information Print this p
153. s users before they gain access to the network The strength of WPA WPA2 comes from an integrated sequence of operations that encompass 802 1X EAP authentication and sophisticated key management and encryption techniques Its major operations include e Network security capability determination This occurs at the 802 11 level and is communicated through WPA information elements in Beacon Probe Response and Re Association Requests Information in these elements includes the authentication method 802 1X or Pre shared key and the preferred cipher suite WEP TKIP or AES D 10 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 The primary information conveyed in the Beacon frames is the authentication method and the cipher suite Possible authentication methods include 802 1X and Pre shared key Pre shared key is an authentication method that uses a statically configured pass phrase on both the stations and the access point This obviates the need for an authentication server which in many home and small office environments will not be available nor desirable Possible cipher suites include WEP TKIP and AES Advanced Encryption Standard We talk more about TKIP and AES when addressing data privacy below e Authentication EAP over 802 1X is used for authentication Mutual authentication is gained by choosing an EAP type supporting this feature and is required by WPA 8
154. s would offer network security that is no better than that obtained with a non WPA WPA2 network and thus this mode of operation is discouraged D 16 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Changes to Wireless Access Points Wireless access points must have their firmware updated to support the following e The new WPA WPA2 information element To advertise their support of WPA WPA2 wireless APs send the beacon frame with a new 802 11 WPA WPA2 information element that contains the wireless AP s security configuration encryption algorithms and wireless security configuration information The WPA WPA2 two phase authentication Open system then 802 1x EAP with RADIUS or preshared key TKIP e Michael e AES WPA2 To upgrade your wireless access points to support WPA WPA2 obtain a WPA WPA2 firmware update from your wireless AP vendor and upload it to your wireless AP Changes to Wireless Network Adapters Wireless networking software in the adapter and possibly in the OS or client application must be updated to support the following e The new WPA WPA2 information element Wireless clients must be able to process the WPA WPA2 information element and respond with a specific security configuration The WPA WPA2 two phase authentication Open system then 802 1x supplicant EAP or preshared key e TKIP e Michael e AES WPA2 To upgrade
155. seven days a week twenty four hours a day for 90 days from the date of purchase Package Contents The product package should contain the following items e 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 e AC power adapter e Vertical stand e Category 5 CATS Ethernet cable e NETGEAR 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Resource CD 230 10091 02 including This guide The Installation Guide Application Notes and other helpful information e 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v5 Installation Guide e Registration Warranty Card and Support Information Card If any of the parts are incorrect missing or damaged contact your NETGEAR dealer Keep the carton including the original packing materials in case you need to return the router for repair Introduction 2 5 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 The Router s Front Panel The front panel of the WGR614 v6 router contains the status lights described below 3a W v D 4 Power Test Wireless Internet Port LAN Port 4 Figure 2 1 WGR614 v6 Front Panel You can use the status lights to verify connections Viewed from left to right the table below describes the lights on the front panel of the router Table 2 1 Status Light Descriptions Label Activity Description Power On Amber Blinking Poweris supplied to the router and itis perfor
156. sly sending a packet to all hosts with the same network address Netmask In each of the address classes previously described the size of the two parts network address and host address is implied by the class This partitioning scheme can also be expressed by a netmask associated with the IP address A netmask is a 32 bit quantity that when logically combined using an AND operator with an IP address yields the network address For instance the netmasks for Class A B and C addresses are 255 0 0 0 255 255 0 0 and 255 255 255 0 respectively For example the address 192 168 170 237 is a Class C IP address whose network portion is the upper 24 bits When combined using an AND operator with the Class C netmask as shown here only the network portion of the address remains 11000000 10101000 10101010 11101101 192 168 170 237 combined with 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255 255 255 0 Equals 11000000 10101000 10101010 00000000 192 168 170 0 As a shorter alternative to dotted decimal notation the netmask may also be expressed in terms of the number of ones from the left This number is appended to the IP address following a backward slash as n In the example the address could be written as 192 168 170 237 24 indicating that the netmask is 24 ones followed by 8 zeros Subnet Addressing By looking at the addressing structures you can see that even with a Class C address there are a large number of
157. ss with a MAC address is known as address resolution Internet Protocol uses the Address Resolution Protocol ARP to resolve MAC addresses B 8 Network Routing Firewall and Basics 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 If a device sends data to another station on the network and the destination MAC address is not yet recorded ARP is used An ARP request is broadcast onto the network All stations on the network receive and read the request The destination IP address for the chosen station is included as part of the message so that only the station with this IP address responds to the ARP request All other stations discard the request Related Documents The station with the correct IP address responds with its own MAC address directly to the sending device The receiving station provides the transmitting station with the required destination MAC address The IP address data and MAC address data for each station are held in an ARP table The next time data is sent the address can be obtained from the address information in the table For more information about address assignment refer to the IETF documents RFC 1597 Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space For more information about IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT Domain Name Server Many of the resources on the Intern
158. stom port number For example if your external address is 134 177 0 123 and you use port number 8080 you must enter http 134 177 0 123 8080 in your browser The Remote Management Address from the Remote Management Window see Figure 6 11 is the address you will enter in your browser s address field Using Universal Plug and Play UPnP Universal Plug and Play UPnP helps devices such as Internet appliances and computers access the network and connect to other devices as needed UPnP devices can automatically discover the services from other registered UPnP devices on the network UPnP Turn UPnP On Advertisement Period in minutes 30 Advertisement Time To Live in hops lo UPnP Portmap Table Active Protocol Int Port Ext Port IP Address Yes TGP 9198 11913 192 168 0 2 Yes UDP 5339 7102 192 168 0 2 Figure 6 12 UPnP Menu From the Main Menu of the browser interface under Advanced click on UPnP Set up UPnP according to the guidelines below Turn UPnP On UPnP can be enabled or disabled for automatic device configuration The default setting for UPnP is disabled If disabled the router will not allow any device to automatically control the resources such as port forwarding mapping of the router 6 18 Advanced Configuration of the Router 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Note If you use applications such as multi player gaming peer to peer co
159. support Use WEP for Authentication Only Shared Key Authentication without data encryption Wireless Networking Basics D 5 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Key Size The IEEE 802 11 standard supports two types of WEP encryption 40 bit and 128 bit The 64 bit WEP data encryption method allows for a five character 40 bit input Additionally 24 factory set bits are added to the forty bit input to generate a 64 bit encryption key The 24 factory set bits are not user configurable This encryption key will be used to encrypt decrypt all data transmitted via the wireless interface Some vendors refer to the 64 bit WEP data encryption as 40 bit WEP data encryption since the user configurable portion of the encryption key is 40 bits wide The 128 bit WEP data encryption method consists of 104 user configurable bits Similar to the forty bit WEP data encryption method the remaining 24 bits are factory set and not user configurable Some vendors allow passphrases to be entered instead of the cryptic hexadecimal characters to ease encryption key entry 128 bit encryption is stronger than 40 bit encryption but 128 bit encryption may not be available outside of the United States due to U S export regulations When configured for 40 bit encryption 802 11 products typically support up to four WEP Keys Each 40 bit WEP Key is expressed as 5 sets of two hexadecimal digits 0 9 and A F For ex
160. t through a Local Area Network and click Next 5 Uncheck all boxes in the LAN Internet Configuration screen and click Next 6 Proceed to the end of the Wizard Verifying TCP IP Properties After your PC is configured and has rebooted you can check the TCP IP configuration using the utility winipcfg exe 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button and then click Run C 8 Preparing Y our Network 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Type winipefg and then click OK The IP Configuration window opens which lists among other things your IP address subnet mask and default gateway From the drop down box select your Ethernet adapter The window is updated to show your settings which should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends for connecting through a router or gateway e The IP address is between 192 168 1 2 and 192 168 1 254 e The subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 e The default gateway is 192 168 1 1 Configuring Windows NT4 2000 or XP for IP Networking As part of the PC preparation process you may need to install and configure TCP IP on each networked PC Before starting locate your Windows CD you may need to insert it during the TCP IP installation process Install or Verify Windows Networking Components To install or verify the necessary components for IP networking 1 On the Win
161. ter at 192 168 1 100 The static route would look like Figure 6 10 In this example e The Destination IP Address and IP Subnet Mask fields specify that this static route applies to all 134 177 x x addresses e The Gateway IP Address fields specifies that all traffic for these addresses should be forwarded to the ISDN router at 192 168 1 100 e A Metric value of 1 will work since the ISDN router is on the LAN e Private is selected only as a precautionary security measure in case RIP is activated Enabling Remote Management Access Using the Remote Management page you can allow a user or users on the Internet to configure upgrade and check the status of your WGR614 v6 router Note Be sure to change the router s default configuration password to a very secure J password The ideal password should contain no dictionary words from any language and should be a mixture of letters both upper and lower case numbers and symbols Your password can be up to 30 characters 6 16 Advanced Configuration of the R outer 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Remote Management T Turn Remote Management On Remote Management Address 10 1 1 156 8080 Allow Remote Access By Only This Computer t C IP Address Range From N 0 C fos 3 E Fd Everyone Port Number e080 Apply Cancel Figure 6 11 Remote Management menu To confi
162. the Router 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Some online games and videoconferencing applications are incompatible with NAT The WGR614 v6 router is programmed to recognize some of these applications and to work properly with them but there are other applications that may not function well In some cases one local computer can run the application properly if that computer s IP address is entered as the default in the PORTS Menu If one local computer acts as a game or videoconferencing host enter its IP address as the default Configuring the WAN Setup Options The WAN Setup options let you configure a DMZ server change the MTU size and enable the wireless router to respond to a Ping on the WAN port These options are discussed below WAN Setup Connect Automatically as Required Disable SPI Firewall C Default DMZ Server 4 s C Respond to Ping on Internet Port MTU Size in bytes 1500 Figure 6 5 WAN Setup menu Connect Automatically as Required Normally this option should be checked to enable it An Internet connection will be made automatically after each timeout whenever Internet bound traffic is detected This provides connection on demand and is potentially cost saving in places in Europe for example where Internet services charge by the minute If disabled you must connect manually using the Connection Status button on th
163. this e mail address Enter the e mail address to which logs and alerts are sent This e mail address will also be used as the From address If you leave this box blank log and alert messages will not be sent via e mail You can specify that logs are automatically sent to the specified e mail address with these options Send alert immediately Check this box if you would like immediate notification of attempted access to a blocked site Send logs according to this schedule Specifies how often to send the logs Hourly Daily Weekly or When Full Day for sending log Specifies which day of the week to send the log Relevant when the log is sent weekly or daily Time for sending log Specifies the time of day to send the log Relevant when the log is sent daily or weekly If the Weekly Daily or Hourly option is selected and the log fills up before the specified period the log is automatically e mailed to the specified e mail address After the log is sent the log is cleared from the router s memory If the router cannot e mail the log file the log buffer may fill up In this case the router overwrites the log and discards its contents The WGR614 v6 router uses the Network Time Protocol NTP to obtain the current time and date from one of several Network Time Servers on the Internet In order to localize the time for your log entries you must specify your Time Zone Time Zone Select your local time zone This setting will be
164. tion also called dotted decimal notation in which each group of eight bits is written in decimal form separated by decimal points For example the following binary address 11000011 00100010 00001100 00000111 is normally written as 19534127 The latter version is easier to remember and easier to enter into your computer In addition the 32 bits of the address are subdivided into two parts The first part of the address identifies the network and the second part identifies the host node or station on the network The dividing point may vary depending on the address range and the application There are five standard classes of IP addresses These address classes have different ways of determining the network and host sections of the address allowing for different numbers of hosts on a network Each address type begins with a unique bit pattern which is used by the TCP IP software to identify the address class After the address class has been determined the software can correctly identify the host section of the address The follow figure shows the three main address classes including network and host sections of the address for each address type B 2 Network Routing Firewall and Basics 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Class A _ 6h hCULtC lt iTSS Network Node Class B Network Node Class C Network Node Figure B 1 Th
165. tion cannot detect a collision while transmitting If a collision occurs the transmitting station will not receive an ACKnowledge packet from the intended receive station For this reason ACK packets have a higher priority than all other network traffic After completion of a data transmission the receive station will begin transmission of the ACK packet before any other node can begin transmitting a new data packet All other stations must wait a longer pseudo randomized period of time before transmitting If an ACK packet is not received the transmitting station will wait for a subsequent opportunity to retry transmission CSMA CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection A method of managing traffic and reducing noise on an Ethernet network A network device transmits data after detecting that a channel is available However if two devices transmit data simultaneously the sending devices detect a collision and retransmit after a random time delay DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol A utility that enables a server to dynamically assign IP addresses from a predefined list and limit their time of use so that they can be reassigned Without DHCP an IT Manager would have to manually enter in all the IP addresses of all the computers on the network When DHCP is used whenever a computer logs onto the network it automatically gets an IP address assigned to it Diversity antenna A type of antenna system that uses two antennas to m
166. tion technique developed by Belgian cryptographers Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen The U S government adopted the algorithm as its encryption technique in October 2000 replacing the DES encryption it used AES works at multiple network layers simultaneously The National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST of the U S Department of Commerce selected the algorithm called Rijndael pronounced Rhine Dahl or Rain Doll out of a group of five algorithms under consideration including one called MARS from a large research team at IBM AES is expected to replace WEP as a WLAN encryption method in 2003 Access Point AP A wireless LAN transceiver or base station that can connect a wired LAN to one or many wireless devices Access points can also bridge to each other There are various types of access points also referred to as base stations used in both wireless and wired networks These include bridges hubs switches routers and gateways The differences between them are not always precise because certain capabilities associated with one can also be added to another For example a router can do bridging and a hub may also be a switch But they are all involved in making sure data is transferred from one location to another 2 Glossary 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 A bridge connects devices that all use the same kind of protocol A router can connect networks that use diffe
167. tional routing information to your router Under normal circumstances the router has adequate routing information after it has been configured for Internet access and you do not need to configure additional static routes You must configure static routes only for unusual cases such as multiple routers or multiple IP subnets located on your network From the Main Menu of the browser interface under Advanced click on Static Routes to view the Static Route menu shown below IP Static Routes Hame Drstinatinn Gatwway t Figure 6 9 Static Route Summary Table 6 14 Advanced Configuration of the R outer 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 To add or edit a Static Route 1 Click the Add button to open the Add Edit Menu shown below Route Name isdn_str F Private Destination IP Address 134 177 0 0 P Subnet Mask 2 Gateway IP Address Metric Apply Cancel Figure 6 10 Static Route Entry and Edit Menu 9 Type a route name for this static route in the Route Name box under the table This is for identification purposes only Select Private if you want to limit access to the LAN only The static route will not be reported in RIP Select Active to make this route effective Type the Destination IP Address of the final destination Type the IP Subnet Mask for this destination If the destination is a single host type 255 255 255 255 Type the
168. tworks v File and Print Sharing Description You must have an Ethernet adapter the TCP IP protocol and Client for Microsoft Networks Note It is not necessary to remove any other network components shown in the Network window in order to install the adapter TCP IP or Client for Microsoft Networks If you need to install a new adapter follow these steps a Click the Add button b Select Adapter and then click Add c Select the manufacturer and model of your Ethernet adapter and then click OK If you need TCP IP a Click the Add button b Select Protocol and then click Add c Select Microsoft d Select TCP IP and then click OK Preparing Your Network C 5 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 If you need Client for Microsoft Networks a Click the Add button b Select Client and then click Add c Select Microsoft d Select Client for Microsoft Networks and then click OK 3 Restart your PC for the changes to take effect Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP IP Settings in Windows 95B 98 and Me After the TCP IP protocol components are installed each PC must be assigned specific information about itself and resources that are available on its network The simplest way to configure this information is to allow the PC to obtain the information from a DHCP server in the network You will find there
169. ubnets 4 bits the new subnet mask becomes 255 255 255 240 Table 7 1 Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet Number of Bits Dotted Decimal Value 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255 o u DOD Wo A W N e The following table displays several common netmask values in both the dotted decimal and the masklength formats Table 7 2 Netmask Formats Dotted Decimal Masklength 255 0 0 0 18 255 255 0 0 116 255 255 255 0 24 255 255 255 128 125 255 255 255 192 126 255 255 255 224 27 255 255 255 240 128 255 255 255 248 129 255 255 255 252 BO 255 255 255 254 31 255 255 255 255 32 Configure all hosts on a LAN segment to use the same netmask for the following reasons B 6 Network Routing Firewall and Basics 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 e So that hosts recognize local IP broadcast packets When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors it uses a destination address of the local network address with all ones for the host address In order for this scheme to work all devices on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host address e So that a local router or bridge recognizes which addresses are local and which are remote Private IP Addresses If your local network is isolated from the Internet for example when using NAT you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems However the IANA has reserved the foll
170. upgraded before all the Wi Fi clients Some access points may operate in a mixed mode which supports both clients running Wi Fi Protected Access and clients running original WEP security While useful for transition the net effect of supporting both types of client devices is that security will operate at the less secure level WEP common to all the devices Therefore organizations will benefit by accelerating the move to Wi Fi Protected Access for all Wi Fi clients and access points WiMAX An IEEE 802 16 Task Group that provides a specification for fixed broadband wireless access systems employing a point to multipoint PMP architecture Task Group of IEEE 802 16 developed a point to multipoint broadband wireless access standard for systems in the frequency range 10 66 GHz The standard covers both the Media Access Control MAC and the physical PHY layers Ratification is expected in second half of 2004 Wireless Multimedia WMM WMM Wireless Multimedia is a subset of the 802 11e standard WMM allows wireless traffic to have a range of priorities depending on the kind of data Time dependent information like video audio or voice will have a higher priority than normal traffic For WMM to function correctly wireless clients must also support WMM Wireless Networking Wireless Networking refers to the infrastructure enabling the transmission of wireless signals A network ties things together and enables resource sharing WLAN
171. urrent date and time of day The WGR614 v6 router uses the Network Time Protocol NTP to obtain the current time from one of several Network Time Servers on the Internet Each entry in the log is stamped with the date and time of day Problems with the date and time function can include Troubleshooting 7 7 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Date shown is January 1 2000 Cause The router has not yet successfully reached a Network Time Server Check that your Internet access settings are configured correctly If you have just completed configuring the router wait at least five minutes and check the date and time again Time is off by one hour Cause The router does not automatically sense Daylight Savings Time In the E Mail menu check or uncheck the box marked Adjust for Daylight Savings Time 7 8 Troubleshooting 202 10099 01 April 2005 Appendix A Technical Specifications This appendix provides technical specifications for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility Data and Routing Protocols Power Adapter North America United Kingdom Australia Europe Japan gt regions output Physical Specifications Dimensions W eight Environmental Specifications Operating temperature Operating humidity Electromagnetic Emissions Meets requirements of Interface Specifications LAN WAN
172. used 295 ft 90 m from the wiring closet to the wall outlet 10 ft 3 m from the wall outlet to the desktop device The patch panel and other connecting hardware must meet the requirements for 100 Mbps operation Category 5 Only 0 5 inch 1 5 cm of untwist in the wire pair is allowed at any termination point A twisted pair Ethernet network operating at 10 Mbits second 1OBASE T will often tolerate low quality cables but at 100 Mbits second LOBASE Tx the cable must be rated as Category 5 or Cat 5 by the Electronic Industry Association EIA This rating will be printed on the cable jacket A Category 5 cable will meet specified requirements regarding loss and crosstalk In addition there are restrictions on maximum cable length for both 10 and 100 Mbits second networks Inside Twisted Pair Cables For two devices to communicate the transmitter of each device must be connected to the receiver of the other device The crossover function is usually implemented internally as part of the circuitry in the device Computers and workstation adapter cards are usually media dependent interface ports called MDI or uplink ports Most repeaters and switch ports are configured as media dependent interfaces with built in crossover ports called MDI X or normal ports Auto Uplink technology automatically senses which connection MDI or MDI X is needed and makes the right connection Figure B 4 illustrates straight through twisted pair cable B
173. used for the blocking schedule and for time stamping log entries Daylight Savings Time Check this box if your time zone is currently under daylight savings time 4 8 Content Filtering 202 10099 01 April 2005 Chapter 5 Maintenance This chapter describes how to use the maintenance features of your 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 These features can be found by clicking on the Maintenance heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface Viewing Wireless Router Status Information The Router Status menu provides status and usage information From the Main Menu of the browser interface click on Maintenance then select Router Status to view the System Status screen shown below Router Status Account Name WGR61 4v6 Firmware Version 1 0 3_1 0 3 Internet Port MAC Address 00 D0 59 E1 1B FE IP Address 10 1 1 156 DHCP DHCPClient IP Subnet Mask 255 255 254 0 A 10 1 1 6 Domain Name Server 10117 LAN Port MAC Address 00 D0 59 E1 1B FD IP Address 192 168 1 1 DHCP ON IP Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Wireless Port Name SSID NETGEAR Region United States Channel 11 Mode Auto Wireless AP ON Broadcast Name ON Show Statistics Connection Status Figure 5 1 Router Status screen Maintenance 202 10099 01 April 2005 5 1 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 This screen shows the following parameters Table 5 1 Wireless Router Status Fields Field Description
174. wing features e 802 11g wireless networking with the ability to operate in 802 11 b only 802 11g only or 802 11b g modes e Easy Web based setup for installation and management e Content Filtering and Site Blocking Security e Built in 4 port 10 100 Mbps Switch e Ethernet connection to a wide area network WAN device such as a cable modem or DSL modem e Extensive Protocol Support e Login capability e Front panel LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity Introduction 2 1 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 e Flash memory for firmware upgrades 802 11g Wireless Networking The WGR614 v6 router includes an 802 11g wireless access point providing continuous high speed 54 Mbps access between your wireless and Ethernet devices The access point provides e 802 11g wireless networking at up to 54 Mbps e 802 11g wireless networking with the ability to operate in 802 11g only 802 11b only or 802 11g and b modes providing backwards compatibility with 802 11b devices or dedicating the wireless network to the higher bandwidth 802 11g devices e 64 bit and 128 bit WEP encryption security e WEP keys can be generated manually or by passphrase e WPA PSK support Support for Wi Fi Protected Access WPA data encryption which provides strong data encryption and authentication based on a pre shared key e Wireless access can be restricted by MAC addres
175. wireless LANs can be compromised With an omnidirectional antenna and a geophysical positioning system GPS the war driver can systematically map the locations of 802 11b wireless access points WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy Basic wireless security provided by Wi Fi In some instances WEP may be all a home or small business user needs to protect wireless data WEP is available in 40 bit also called 64 bit or in 108 bit also called 128 bit encryption modes As 108 bit encryption provides a longer algorithm that takes longer to decode it can provide better security than basic 40 bit 64 bit encryption Wi Fi Wireless Fidelity Another name for IEEE 802 11b Products certified as Wi Fi are interoperable with each other even if they are from different manufacturers A user with a Wi Fi product can use any brand of access point with any other brand of client hardware that is built to the Wi Fi standard Wi Fi Alliance formerly WECA Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance The Wi Fi Alliance is a nonprofit international association formed in 1999 to certify interoperability of wireless Local Area Network products based on IEEE 802 11 specification Currently the Wi Fi Alliance has 193 member companies from around the world and 509 products have received Wi Fi certification since certification began in March of 2000 The goal of the Wi Fi Alliance s members is to enhance the user experience through product interoperability www weca net
176. your wireless network adapters to support WPA WPA2 obtain a WPA WPA2 update from your wireless network adapter vendor and update the wireless network adapter driver For Windows wireless clients you must obtain an updated network adapter driver that supports WPA For wireless network adapter drivers that are compatible with Windows XP Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2003 the updated network adapter driver must be able to pass the adapter s WPA capabilities and security configuration to the Wireless Zero Configuration service Wireless Networking Basics D 17 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Microsoft has worked with many wireless vendors to embed the WPA driver update in the wireless adapter driver So to update your Microsoft Windows wireless client all you have to do is obtain the new WPA WPA2 compatible driver and install the driver Changes to Wireless Client Programs Wireless client programs must be updated to permit the configuration of WPA WPA2 authentication and preshared key and the new WPA WPA2 encryption algorithms TKIP and AES To obtain the Microsoft WPA client program visit the Microsoft Web site Note The Microsoft WPA2 client is still in beta D 18 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10099 01 April 2005 Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wireless Router WGR614 v6 Glossary Use the list below to find definitions for technical terms used in this
177. ype of access point that is available at that specific spot There are three basic designs that are currently used a pair of back to back semicircles which denotes an open node a closed circle which denotes a closed node a closed circle with a W inside which denotes a node equipped with WEP Warchalkers also draw identifiers above the symbols to indicate the password that can be used to access the node which can easily be obtained with sniffer software As a recent development the debate over the legality of warchalking is still going on The practice stems from the U S Depression era culture of wandering hobos who would make marks outside of homes to indicate to other wanderers whether the home was receptive to drifters or was inhospitable War Driving War driving is the act of locating and possibly exploiting connections to wireless local area networks while driving around a city or elsewhere To do war driving you need a vehicle a computer which can be a laptop a wireless Ethernet card set to work in promiscuous mode and some kind of an antenna which can be mounted on top of or positioned inside the car Because a wireless LAN may have a range that extends beyond an office building an outside user may be able to intrude into the network obtain a free Internet connection and possibly gain access to company records and other resources Some people have made a sport out of war driving in part to demonstrate the ease with which

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