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Multitech MULTIFRAD 3100 User's Manual

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Contents

1. eens 9 Limited Warranty custom iia oca 66 On line Eciam ep 66 Loagindg SolWare a TEL RES 18 M Multi Tech BBS elia 68 A A Da i A PP 6 Mull RABD omti tit eto stop 61 N Network PRC sisi DE RNC EE 78 sue qe T ia ei ba e arr B l i 76 O On line Warranty Registral Miseria 66 OSI Protocol Stack e eT 76 96 Index P PACKET TI Point to Font Setup P 46 xxu i e 41 R Recording MultiFRAD Information i 67 RegulatotviInformationsa scap E 75 Remote CohngutalLi o eta nnt 54 LAN Basedi nile ea 56 Modem Base NONE TEE DD TD ida 54 Remote User Database d MD ET 61 S Sale AINE EEUU UE 14 Sl E 68 Sel Mel sai E E IE 29 Data Port Configura UE 52 Frame Relay Sel ii ti a ein 47 IPS ici 30 A i i a TE 32 Pointto Point SIUD siek iii i A o 46 Spanning Mee SEU Piiraa DM 34 STQUSUCS me ai 35 Data Port Stats iii ii ai a aaia a ata ries 42 Fiame Relay SIallsli GS aaa 43 A O 36 IPRXPortStatisiios laicale 37 PPP Stalin TIED E UE EU 41 SNMP SEIalSIDS 2 5 ricalca aria le 39 SITP Spanning Tree Port Stats ira rd iaa 38 WAN StatiStig Sernin E a tiuniedeidscuaas at Caylee aeeies 40 WAN POr SQ tes cape enc di 45 SNMP StatistieS asa Sa 39 SGW A e is i RARI tU UE EE LE 18 SPAMMING TSS SOU irtiri ios 34 SHITO OT
2. IVIF3000 Frame Relay DLCI Default Setup a Total DLCIs 0 _ox Mappings Map IP Address _Cancez Map Data Ports _ F Poti F Por 2 F Pot 3 F Porta _ New E F Pots T Pot 6 I Potz T Pot 8 F Pons F Port 10 Map IPX Network Number Congestion Management Mode Mgmt Type O Stop and Start Adhere to CIR Annex D O Adhere to CIR Be C LMI A Uu O As East as Possible C Annex 4 Settings in Bits second Committed Information atej Excess Burst Rate Bejj Others p 25 Click on the New button and the Frame Relay New DLCI dialog box is displayed with Enter DLCI Number field active Enter a DLCI number that was provided by your service provider at subscription time 22 26 2T 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Chapter 3 Software Loading and Configuration MF3000 v0 99 Frame Relay New DLCI x Enter DLCI Number TA al Wn Click on the OK button the Frame Relay DLCI Default Setup dialog box is displayed with the all the groups active and your DLCI displayed in the DLCIs field You can map a protocol stack and or data port to a DLCI ME3000 v0 99 Frame Relay DLCI Default Setup DLCIs Total DLCIs 1 Protocol Mappings Map IP Address None Map IPX Network Number None l Map STP WAN None Congestion Management Stop and Start C Throttle Up
3. ITU TSS formerly CCITT International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications Sector the United Nations organization that prepares standards Recommendations for resolving communications issues and problems K Key Telephone System KTS Phone devices with multiple buttons that let you select incoming or outgoing CO phone lines directly Similar in operation to a PBX except a KTS you don t have to dial a 9 for a call outside the building Key Service Unit KSU A small device containing the switching electronics for a business key telephone system KTS Key Set A telephone set with several buttons for call holding line pickup intercom autodialing etc Also called a touchtone phone Ericsson and a KTS Key Telephone Set L LAPB Link Access Procedure Balanced based on the X 25 Layer 2 specification A full duplex point to point bit synchronous protocol commonly used as a data link control protocol to interface X 25 DTEs LAPB is the link initialization procedure that establishes and maintains communications between the DTE and the DCE LAPD Link Access Protocol for the D Channel based on the ISDN Q 921 specification A full duplex point to point bit synchronous link level protocol for ISDN connections different from LAPB in its framing sequence Transmission is in units called frames and a frame may contain one or more X 25 packets Line Coding The representation of 1s and Os on a T1 line The two methods of line
4. Domain Name System DNS Resolver Local Server Address Root Server Address IP Address Metric o In most cases you should not have to change any of the timers i e or o Routes default TTL reassembly timeout RIP response time and RIP route aging time The DNS Resolver is supplied for remote Telnet clients when the router is configured for remote access and the terminal server application is enabled 31 MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide IPX Setup The IPX Setup dialog box controls the four frame types the WAN ports setup and the advanced tab enables IPX routing auto learn of Ethernet network numbers and the distributed name of the MultiFRAD ME3000 v0 99 IPX Setup rea ucena ni Broadcast Interval 60 ox Aging Timer fi 80 ET iudicii freenet Time l Cancel NetBIOS SAP n X Enable Broadcast Interval 60 m CERA Hops 8 Aging Timer 180 rBandwidth Optimization IX Periodic RIP X Periodic SAP X Discard Serialization Packets X IPX Watchdog Spoofing X SPX Watchdog Spoofing The RIP and SAP default timers should not have to be changed for most applications Disabling IPX and SPX Watchdog Spoofing in the Bandwidth Optimization group has proven effective under certain circumstances with Citrix clients The IPX WAN Setup dialog box allows you to enable or disable IPX routing on the WAN port change the network number for the WAN
5. IPX Port Statistics Packets Others Transmitted Packets to Route m Hd Large Packets Received Poo Forwarded Transmit Packets Discarded 0 Packets Filtered 7 2 Path Not Found Packets 0 Transmit 0 Receive 0 Packets with Hop Count too large 0 IPX is a network layer protocol that is usually associated with Novell Netware M networks It allows for encapsulation of four different frame types over a single physical LAN connection provided each frame type has a unique network address RAW 802 3 LLC 802 2 Ethernet II and SNAP These statistics are mostly informational but could be useful for troubleshooting For instance if there was a question as to which frame type your workstation was using you could view the statistics for each frame type and determine which one is being used by the amount of packets transmitted and received 37 MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide STP Spanning Tree Port Statistics The STP Spanning Tree Port Statistics dialog box displays information regarding the selected STP port for example the number of frames discarded or forwarded MIE3000 v0 99 STP Port Statistics E T7 rSTP Port Statistics Frames Received 00 Forwarded 0 Discarded Forward Transitions sO Frames Filtered Transmit EE Receive Poo Spanning Tree transParent STP bridging is the method of bridging used by the
6. MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide Centrex A multi line service offered by operating telcos which provides from the telco CO functions and features comparable to those of a PBX for large business users See also Private Branch Exchange Exchange Channel A data communications path between two computer devices Can refer to a physical medium e g UTP or coax or to a specific carrier frequency Channel bank A device that acts as a converter taking the digital signal from the T1 line into a phone system and converting it to the analog signals used by the phone system A channel bank acts as a multiplexer placing many slow speed voice or data transactions on a single high speed link Circuit switched Network A technology used by the PSTN that allocates a pair of conductors for the exclusive use of one communica tion path Circuit switching allows multiple conversations on one talk path only if the end users multiplex the signals prior to transmis sion Circuit switching The temporary connection of two or more communications channels using a fixed non shareable path through the network Users have full use of the circuit until the connection is terminated Clear Channel A transmission path where the full bandwidth is used i e no bandwidth needed for signaling carrier framing or control bits A 64K bps digital circuit usually has 8K bps used for signaling ISDN has two 64K bps circuits and a 16K bps packet service of which part
7. MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide Data Port Statistics 42 The Data Port Statistics dialog box displays statistical information such as bytes or blocks received transmitted for the various data ports 11F3000 v0 99 Data Port Statistics x Update Time Interval secs EI Clear W EC Data Bytes Bytes Blocks Blocks Blocks Xoff Xoff Buffer Port Transmitted Received Transmitted Received Retransmitted Sent Received Utilization 0 0 0 0 Port 2 0 0 0 0 0 NO NO 0 Port 3 0 0 0 0 0 NO NO 0 Port 4 0 0 0 0 0 NO NO 0 Pot 5 0 0 0 0 0 NO NO 0 Port6 0 0 0 0 0 NO NO 0 Port 7 0 0 0 0 0 NO NO 0 Pot 8 0 0 0 0 0 NO NO 0 Port9 0 0 0 0 0 NO NO 0 Port10 0 0 0 0 NO NO 0 This window shows the statistics for all data channels By highlighting and double clicking on a particualr port you can view the individual channel statistics as well as various hardware signals CTS RTS DSR DCD DTR and XON XOFF status It also gives an indication of buffer utilization and receive flow time These may be indicators that either the data channels or more likely the devices attached to them are being driven harder than they should be Excessive buffer utilization and or receive flow control time can usually be reduced or eliminated by slowing the speed at which the channel is operating Chapter 4 MultiFRAD Software Frame Relay Statistics The Frame Relay Management Statistics dialog box can be a useful tool for tr
8. 45 MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide Point to Point Setup The Point to Point Setup dialog box controls the WAN port protocol dial on demand and remote port setup The WAN port protocol can be either Point to Point Protocol PPP or Serial Line Internet Protocol SLIP PPP is the more robust of the two protocols in that it allows the end points to negotiate use of the link and protocol parameters in a standardized way and also allows for standardized encapsulation of the packets SLIP is an older protocol and requires manual authentication using a script In order to display the PPP dialog box the WAN Port Setup dialog box has to be configured for PPP SLIP 46 MIE3000 v0 99 Point to Point Setup Header Compression Data Compression WIE KOPR rAuthentication UseName PenodicTime 5 Passwod NumberofBetries 5 o Password Authentication Protocol PAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol CHAP SLIP Enable CSLIP Van Jacobson Compression Maximum Transmit Unit 1006 Dial On Demand Enable Hangup After 3 Mins Remote Port Setup O Client Only Client Or LAN pica LI PPP is the default protocol If SLIP is being used click on the PPP Enable option to disable PPP Click on the SLIP Enable option Determine if the TCP header is going to be compressed using VJC compression If VJC compression is used click on the CSLIP Van Jacobson
9. 54 The ITU T standard for local and remote loopback tests in modems DCEs and DTEs The four basic tests are local digital loopback tests DTE send and receive circuits local analog loopback tests local modem operation remote analog loopback tests comm link to the remote modem and remote digital loopback tests remote modem operation Virtual Circuit A logical connection Used in packet switching wherein a logical connection is established between two devices at the start of transmission All information packets follow the same route and arrive in sequence but do not necessarily carry a complete ae M M M 93 MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide 94 Index Index A About COMPUSE E tri eolie tia 70 ADONE IMENE lsiera aa a a a ani 70 Aboutthe Multi lech Fax Back SOI inicia aae a tet re rec dnb pe AES 70 B Back Panel DESCAPION ssd lai 10 BBS68 C Gable Connections E i aaa 15 Cabling Diagramme psa is ds 72 Cabling Procedure 15 GOMPUSEVE sa et ta a EM E 70 Connectors Chanmnels 182 0989292 V 9B isir TA a a 10 Channels 3 Mii i 11 Commando cche ll alia 10 cache EET 10 Extemal Composite Wink FS2932 V SO lianas iode ted cce teret ottenuta edes 10 Frame Ground GND eT 10 Internal Composite Link TT DSU anuncio iria cr ld tan 10 O M EET 10 mo mt 10 Voice Fax Channels TA ome lali 11 EMail ria 11 AQ degli IINE ME iii iii 11 PS ns E HE 11 Contacting Tech
10. Compression option Chapter 4 MultiFRAD Software Frame Relay Setup The Frame Relay dialog box displays the CIR Measurement Interval in milliseconds the Management Type and details of that management type and the number of DLCI s that are active The MultiFRAD can detect DLCIs and the Management Type when you are connected to an active frame relay service So it is important that if you change any frame relay parameters that the new parameters agree with the way your frame relay service is provisioned MF3000 v0 99 Frame Relay Setup CIR Measurement Interval 1000 msec Management Type Annex D Annex D Full Status Enquiry Interval N391 6 O LMI x Error Threshold N392 3 C Annex Monitored Events Count N393 fa Total DLCI s 0 kl ki Link Integrity Verification Timer 1391 10 secs Max Frame Size 1600 Polling Verification Timer T392 15 secs In the Frame Relay Setup dialog box you can change the Management Type by choosing one of the three options and then the detail parameters for that option are displayed to the right of the Management Type For example in the above dialog box Annex D is the chosen management type with the Full Status Enquiry Interval N391 set to 6 down thru Polling Verification Timer T392 set to 15 Usually you will have no need to change the management type because the MultiFRAD will automatically detect the network s management type at power up or when the n
11. Configuration Click here to Login Multi cc Systems 2205 Woodale Drive Mounds View MIN 55112 United States Click on the word Login to gain access to the MultiFRAD The following screen appears Enter Network Password 2fx Please enter your authentication information Cancel Resource User name supervisor Password IV Save this password in your password list Enter the proper User Name and Password and then click OK You are brought to the MultiFRAD 3000 Configuration menu page 62 Chapter 6 Router Management Il Address http 200 2 9 1 mainpage html MultiFRAD 3000 Configuration Protocal Stacks Device Drivers Other Setup Data ports IP Point to Point Priority Coi ation IPX Frame Re Application STP WAN Write the setup and Reboot Multi echi Systems TEL 612 785 3500 or 800 328 9717 FAX 612 785 3702 or 800 392 2432 Tech Support 800 972 2439 Fax back System 612 717 5888 Web Site www multitech com FTP Site ftp multitech com Tech Support tsupport multitech com Note the first user to access the MultiFRAD will have read write rights over the unit All subsequent users will have read only rights and therefore some of the options within the WEB interface will be inactive i e will not be linked From the MultiFRAD 3000 Configuration menu you can access current settings and view statistics as well as
12. Fax channel to an analog station card on the local PBX This connection is also commonly referred to as an OPX Off Premises eXtension The FXO connector is an RJ 11 jack FXS Use the FXS Foreign eXchange Station connector to connect the MultiFRAD Voice Fax channel to an analog station instrument telephone fax machine or key telephone system The FXS connector is an RJ 11 jack 11 MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide Technical Specifications 12 Provides access to frame relay networks for SLIP PPP async and HDLC sync devices e Trunk and Data ports may be configured as EIA 232 or V 35 e Trunk Speeds up to T1 E1 synchronous 4MBDRAM 1MB of flash memory Ethernet Port One Ethernet Interface 10Base T twisted Pair RJ 45 connector Command Port e Single 19 2Kbps asynchronous Command Port with a DB 25 female connector Composite Link external Access Rate 1 544M bps T1 or 2 048M bps E1 sync on DTE type RS232 or V 35 interface Channel Connectors e 60nthe FR3060 10 on the FR3100 e Data Rate synchronous to 128K bps on RS232 V 35 interface asynchronous to 115 2K bps on RS232 V 35 interface Electrical Physical e Operating Environment 32 104 F 0 40 C 95 non condensing humidity Power Requirements 100 250V AC at 50 60 Hz Dimensions 17 4 wide x 3 75 high x 8 deep 44 2 cm wide x 8 9 cm high x 20 3 cm deep Weight 7 4 lbs 3 4 kg Requirement e PC with Windows 3 1x 95 NT Te
13. MultiFRAD as specified in IEEE 802 1d standard Enabling the spanning tree algorithm in addition to spanning tree bridging provides for a loop free environment with redundant paths if present that will transition from blocking to forwarding automatically in case of a root bridge failure The STP Port statistics are mostly informative but may be helpful in troubleshooting For example viewing the number of forward transitions could indicate if the port has ever become active in which case forward transitions will be greater than zero 38 Chapter 4 MultiFRAD Software SNMP Statistics The SNMP Statistics dialog box provides statistical information on Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP ME3000 v0 99 SNMP Statistics E A SNMP is an application layer protocol that facilitates the exchange of management information between network devices There are three key components in SNMP the devices that are to be managed agents and the network management systems The managed device is the network device like a router The agent is the software module residing in the managed device pertaining to network management The network management system runs the SNMP application that controls the managed devices and monitors their status There are four primary operations performed using SNMP They are Set Get Get Next and Trap You can use these statistics to help troubleshoot in the event you have a problem communicating with th
14. Throttle Up and Down Compression can be enabled on a per DLCI basis by clicking on the Others Compression box If compression is required it must be enabled on both the local and remote ends of the PVC 49 MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide 50 MEF3000 v0 99 Frame Relay DLCI DLCIs Total DLCIs 2 0016 Protocol Mappings Map IP Address None y Map IPX Network Number ione y MapSTPWAN None y Data Port Mappings Congestion Management F Poti Port 2 O Stop and Start Pot3 Pot4 Throttle Up and Down Port5 E Port 6 Mode E Port 7 E Port 8 Adhere to CIR T Port 9 T Port 10 Adhere to CIR Be O As Fast as Possible Settings in Bits second Others Committed Information Rate 56000 Excess Burst Rate Bajo Compression To map a new DLCI e g 17 to a protocol return to the Main Menu and then click on the protocol stack that you are using In the lower left part of the protocol stack dialog box a list of Logical WANs is displayed To add a new logical WAN click on the Add button and the next logical WAN number will appear in the list on the left hand side of the dialog box For example lets map our new DLCI 17 to the IP protocol as a WAN 2 with an IP Port Address of 200 2 11 1 an IP Mask of 255 255 255 0 and a remote IP Address of 200 2 11 2 From the Main Menu click on the IP button The IP Setup dialog box is displayed Click on the
15. a specific format to help network equipment recognize what the bits mean and how to process them The bits are sent serially with a flag at each end signifying the start and end of the frame Frame Relay A form of packet switching that uses small packets and that requires less error checking than other forms of packet switching Frame relay is effective for sending bursty data at high speeds 56 64K 256K and 1024K bps over wide area networks Frame Relay specifications are defined by ANSI documents ANSI T1 602 T1 606 T1S1 90 175 T1S1 90 213 and T1S1 90 214 In using frame relay blocks of information frames are passed across a digital network interface using a connection number that is applied to each frame to distinguish between individual frames 86 Glossary Frame Relay Forum A non profit organization of 300 vendors and service providers based in Foster City CA that are developing and deploying frame relay equipment Frame Relay Implementors Forum A group of companies supporting a common specification for frame relay connection to link customer premises equipment to telco network equipment Their specification supports ANSI frame relay specs and defines extensions such as local management Frame Relay Access Device FRAD A piece of equipment that acts as a concentrator or frame assembler dissassember that can support multiple protocols and provide basic routing functions G Gateway 1 Afunctional unit that intercon
16. computer This information takes the form of a protocol data unit PDU As the PDU moves through the layers of the sending computer each layer attaches specific information to the PDU that is relevant to the protocols in that layer This attached information is destined for the peer layer in the receiving computer For example the transport layer in the sending computer adds a sequence number to the PDU This sequence number is read by the transport layer in the receiving computer to resequence the packets The communication protocol defines the packet structure and the networking system in use and defines the frame structure for bit stream transmission Each protocol layer attaches information destined for its peer layer in the other computer When the PDU reaches the physical layer it is transmitted as a stream of bits On copper wire the bit streams take the form of voltage level changes that represent binary ones and zeros The data link layer places the PDU in one or more frames and uses a media access method such as CSMA CD or token to gain access to the transmission media The PDU might be subdivided into a number of separately addressed frames The frame format is defined by the network in use For example Ethernet defines frames that can hold up to 1 500 bytes of packet data 77 MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide 78 In general a packet is a collection of information that contains data payload and headers pilot Headers include
17. configure and download a new setup to the MultiFRAD 63 MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide 64 Multi RT Router Multiport Data Voice Fax Frame Relay Access Device Chapter 7 Warranty Service and Tech Support Multi ech Systems MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide Introduction This chapter will provide you the resources for receiving service or support for your MultiFRAD The chapter starts with a description of the warranty and continues with instructions for contacting the Service department Technical Support group and various Multi Tech internet resources Limited Warranty 66 Multi Tech Systems Inc MTS warrants that its products will be free from defects in material or workmanship for a period of two years from the date of purchase or if proof of purchase is not provided two years from date of shipment MTS MAKES NO OTHER WARRANT Y EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED This warranty does not apply to any products which have been damaged by lightning storms water or power surges or which have been neglected altered abused used for a purpose other than the one for which they were manufactured repaired by the customer or any party without MTS s written authorization or used in any manner inconsistent with MTS s instructions MTS s entire obligation under this warranty shall be limited at MTS s option to repair or re
18. defines the actual physical components such as connectors and cable and the electrical transmission of data bits between systems The layers immediately above define data packaging and addressing methods Still further up are methods for keeping communication sessions alive Finally the uppermost layers describe how applications use the underlying communication systems to interact with applications on other systems Application Layer 7 Presentation Layer 6 Session Layer 5 Figure B 1 OSI Protocol Stack Protocols are loaded into a computer as software drivers Each layer of the protocol stack defines a specific set of functions An application at the uppermost layer interacts with the layer below when it needs to send information to another system on the network The request is packaged in one layer and passed down to the next layer which adds information related to functions handled at that layer creating a new packet within a packet This package is then passed down to the next layer and the process continues Each layer adds information to the message packet and this information is read by the corresponding layer in the receiving system s protocol stack In this way each protocol layer communicates with its corresponding protocol layer to facilitate communication The physical layer defines the physical characteristics of the interface such as mechanical components and connectors electrical aspects such as voltage levels representing bi
19. discrete or discontinuous signal e g a sequence of voltage pulses Digital devices such as terminals and comput ers transmit data as a series of electrical pulses which have discrete jumps rather than gradual changes Digital Signaling Rates DSn A hierarchical system for transmission rates where DS0 is 64K bps equivalent to ISDN B channel and DS1 is 1 5 Mbps equivalent to ISDN PRI Digital Transmission A method of electronic information transmission common between computers and other digital devices Analog signals are waveforms a combination of many possible voltages A computer s digital signal may be only high or low at any given time Therefore digital signals may be cleaned up noise and distortion removed and amplified during transmission Digitize To convert an analog signal to a digital signal DIP switch pronounced dip switch A set of tiny toggle switches built into a DIP dual in line package used for setting configurable parameters on a PCB printed circuit board Driver A software module that interfaces between the Operating System and a specific hardware device i e color monitors printers hard disks etc Also known as a device driver Drop and Insert The process where a portion of information carried in a transmission system is demodulated Dropped at an intermediate point and different information is included Inserted for subsequent transmission DTE Data Terminating Equipment
20. download from the BBS If a password is required enter the password Answer Y or N to the automatic logoff question Select a file transfer protocol by typing the indicated letter such as Z for Zmodem the recommended protocol If you select Zmodem the transfer will begin automatically If you select another protocol you may have to initiate the transfer yourself In most datacomm programs the PAGE DOWN key initiates the download When the download is complete press ENTER to return to the File Menu To exit the BBS type G and press ENTER If you don t know the file name 1 From the Main Menu type F to access the Files Menu For a list of file areas type L press ENTER then type L and press ENTER again If you do not type the second L you will list all of the files on the BBS Mark each file area you would like to examine by typing its list number and pressing ENTER Enter L to list all the files in the selected file areas Enter C to go forward in the file list and P to go back To mark one or more files for download type M press ENTER type the list numbers of the files and press ENTER again Enter D You will see a list of the files you have marked Enter E if you would like to edit the list otherwise enter D again to start the download process Select a file transfer protocol by typing the indicated letter such as Z for Zmodem the recommended protocol If you select Zmodem the file will transfer automatical
21. handle A byte holds the equivalent of a single character such as the letter A Cc Call Setup Time The time to establish a circuit switched call between two points Includes dialing wait time and CO long distance Service movement time Carrier Group Alarm CGA A T1 service alarm generated by a channel bank when an OOF condition occurs for a predefined length of time usually 300mS to 2 5 seconds The CGA causes the calls using a trunk to be dropped and for trunk conditioning to be applied Carrier signal An analog signal with known frequency amplitude and phase characteristics used as a transport facility for useful information By knowing the original characteristics a receiver can interpret any changes as modulations and thereby recover the information CCITT Consultative Committee for International Telephone and Telegraph An advisory committee created and controlled by the United Nations and headquartered in Geneva whose purpose is to develop and to publish recommendations for worldwide standardiza tion of telecommunications devices CCITT has developed modem standards that are adapted primarily by PTT post telephone and telegraph organizations that operate telephone networks of countries outside of the U S See also ITU Central Office CO The lowest or most basic level of switching in the PSTN public switched telephone network A business PABX or any residential telephone connects to the PSTN at a central office 83
22. modem user documentation and change the default values to match your modem Click on OK when you are satisfied with your selections You are returned to the Windows program Start the MultiFRAD Configuration program Windows 3 1x Double click on the MultiFRAD Configuration icon in the Program Manager Windows 95 Click on Start gt gt Programs gt gt MultiFRAD 3000 gt gt MultiFRAD Configuration The Dialing Router Dialog Box is displayed while software is dialing the remote MultiFRAD The Reading Setup Dialog Box is displayed The MultiFRAD Setup dialog box is displayed This is the dialog box of the remote MultiFRAD Refer to Chapter 4 for a description of each dialog box For a detailed description of each field within a dialog box refer to the on line helps provided within your MultiFRAD software MF3000 v0 99 Se ES oe rg eS Events Status Running MultiFRAD IP Address 200 2 9 1 Connection TFTP Rights Read Write After you have changed the configuration of the remote MultiFRAD click on the Download Setup button to update the configuration The remote MultiFRAD will be brought down the new configuration written to the unit and the unit will reboot Click on the Exit button when the downloading is complete The Hangup connection with Router dialog box is displayed Click on the Yes button to disconnect the phone connection to the remote site If the same telephone number
23. of your floppy disk drive in the Command Line field and then click on OK Welcome xj Welcome to the MF3000 Setup program This program will install MF3000 on your computer lt is strongly recommended that you exit all Windows programs before running this Setup program Click Cancel to quit Setup and then close any programs you have running Click Next to continue with the Setup program WARNING This program is protected by copyright law and international treaties Unauthorized reproduction or distribution of this program or any portion of it may result in severe civil and criminal penalties and will be prosecuted to the maximum extent possible under law 4 Follow the on screen instructions to install your MultiFRAD 3000 software The On Line Helps for the MultiFRAD software provide a detailed explanation of each dialog box and each option To access the On Line Help click on the button in the dialog box about which you would like additional information 18 Chapter 3 Software Loading and Configuration Choose Destination Location You may choose the Destination Location of your MF3000 software or you can choose the default destination by clicking on the Next button If you click on the Browse button you can choose from several ltis recommended to choose the default destination MultiFRAD 3000 Series Setup 9 Do you want to download default setup dialog box is displayed Click on the
24. s central office The LDC is commonly called the point of presence POP Each LDC has a number of POPs located throughout the country The LDC is also called an IEC Inter Exchange Carrier Long Haul Communications The type of phone call reaching outside of a local exchange LE M Management Information Base MIB A database of network management information used by the Common Management Informa tion Protocol CMIP and the Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP Megacom An AT amp T service with a normal WATS line typically T1 between the customer premise and the AT amp T serving class 4 CO are the customer s responsibility MegaLink BellSouth s leased T1 service Message Associated with such terms as packet frame and segment 1 In information theory an ordered series of characters intended to convey information 2 An assembly of characters and sometimes control codes that is transferred as an entry from an originator to one or more recipients Modem A communications device that enables a computer to transmit information over a telephone line It converts the computer s digital signals into analog signals to send over a telephone line and converts them back to digital signals at the receiving end Modems can be internal and fit into an expansion slot or external and connect to a serial port Multiplexer Mux 1 A device that takes several input signals and combines them into a single output signal in such a manner tha
25. s are as follows PWR Power This indicator lights when the ON OFF switch is in the ON position BTG Booting This indicator lights when the MultiFRAD is booting Composite Link RCV Receive This indicator blinks when the composite link is receiving data XMT Transmit This indicator blinks when the composite link is transmitting data CD Carrier Detect This indicator lights when the MultiFRAD detects a carrier signal CTS Clear To Send This indicator lights when the composite link device is ready to transmit data V35 X V 35 Interface This indicator lights when the composite link is configured for a V 35 interface EXT External Link This indicator lights when the MultiFRAD is configured for an external composite device LNK Link This indicator lights indicating that the MultiFRAD is connected to the local area network It will blink slowly when management frames are detected quickly when at least one but not all pvc s are active and will light solidly when all pvc s are active Ethernet RCV Receive This indicator blinks when packets are being received from the local area network XMT Transmit This indicator blinks when packets are being transmitted to the local area network COL Collision This indicator lights when a collision is in progress that is when two nodes are transmitting packets at the same time LNK Link This indicator lights indicating that the MultiFRAD is connected to the local area network Ch
26. start the MultiFRAD Configuration from My Computer by selecting the MF3000 directory and double clicking on the fradcon Application in the file list 28 Chapter 4 MultiFRAD Software Setup Menu The MultiFRAD 3000 Series Setup menu consists of 12 buttons in which you can point and click an Events window in the middle of the menu and a status bar at the bottom of the menu The 12 buttons allow you to display and change the protocol stacks statistics WAN port setup Frame Relay parameters data port configuration enable applications such as SNMP Agent Telnet Server WEB Server and assign a MultiFRAD password The Events window in the center of the window is a smaller version of the print console It can bea useful tool in times of troubleshooting Its purpose is to provide information about the boot process and ongoing information regarding the status of events such as the type of frame relay management selected and which PVCs become active The status bar at the bottom of the Setup menu displays the status of the unit e g Running the date that the unit was configured the type of connection on the command port e g if the pc connected to the command port is using its serial port to communicate with the MultiFRAD or if the pc is communicating with the MultiFRAD via an Ethernet connection The last field on the status bar is the Rights field which displays either Read Write or Read only rights The first user to communicate with
27. telephone handset or by pushing a button Time Division Multiplexing TDM Division of a transmission facility into two or more channels by allotting the common channel to several different information channels one at a time Time Slot One of 24 channels within a T1 line Each channel has a 64K bps maximum bandwidth Time slot implies the time division multiplexing organization of the T1 signal Toll Call A call to a location outside of your local service area i e a long distance call Tone dialing One of two methods of dialing a telephone usually associated with Touch Tone push button phones Compare with pulse dialing Topology Physical layout of network components cables stations gateways and hubs Three basic interconnection topologies are star ring and bus networks Transmission Control Protocol TCP A communications protocol used in Internet and in any network that follows the US Department of Defense standards for internetwork protocol TCP provides a reliable host to host protocol between hosts in packet switched communications networks and in interconnected systems of such networks It assumes that the Internet protocol is the underlying protocol Transport Layer Layer 4 of the Open Systems Interconnection OSI model provides reliable end to end delivery of data and detects transmission sequential errors Transport Protocol Data Unit TPDU A transport header which is added to every message contains de
28. the source and destination address as well as control information to handle errors and keep packets flowing properly Each packet is a separate block of information that can have a different destination address and in some cases different sizes A typical packet holds 512 bytes of information so it takes many packets to transfer a large file over a network As packets traverse a network the addressing information contained in them is used by bridges and routers to direct packets to their destination or keep them off of networks where they don t belong Routers direct packets along a specific path that has been predetermined as the best route to the packets destination Routers use algorithms to determine efficient paths in conjunction with other routers on the network Administrators can also manually configure routers based on the cost or speed of routes Information can be transmitted to another system using either connection oriented or connection less methods A connection less session is more efficient for short bursty transmissions since a session setup is not required but the end system may need to perform more work to resequence packets that arrive out of order and check for lost packets Network Address Every node on a network has an assigned address that other nodes use when communicating with it For Ethernet and token ring network adapters unique addresses are assigned at the factory ARCNET networks have user definable addresses
29. this layer The application layer is used to define a range of applications that handle file transfers terminal sessions and message exchanges Data starts at the application and presentation layers where a user works with a network application such as an electronic mail program Requests for services are passed through the presentation layer to the session layer which begins the process of packetizing the information A connection oriented communication session may be opened between the two systems to provide reliable transmissions Once the session is established protocol layers begin exchanging information as appropriate Packet A packet is a package of data that is exchanged between devices over a data communications link Data exchanged between devices may include messages and commands control codes for managing the session and data Information is placed in packets by various communications subsystems of the transmitting system then framed into a serial bit stream and sent across the communications link One of the main reasons for packetizing and framing information is that errors on the communication link only affect a small discernible part of the transmission which is easily retransmitted The process starts at the application layer An application in one computer has some information to send to another computer The information is sent down through the protocol stack across the wire and up through the protocol stack of the other
30. time Multi RM Router Multiport Data Voice Fax Frame Relay Access Device Chapter 4 MultiFRAD Software Multi ech Systems MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide Introduction This chapter describes the MultiFRAD 3000 software from an applications approach in how the configuration can be changed with recommendations on the impact of that change The major configuration parameters were set during your loading of the software and downloading of your configuration at the end of the software installation The MultiFRAD 3000 software is designed for the Microsoft Windows environment Recommendations are provided in some case that if you change this parameter or that parameter it may affect your unit in this way The approach in this chapter is not to cover every dialog box and describe every option your new Help menu system provides that information The Help menus define each button option field and recommend values where applicable The Help menus are a dynamic help system in that information is presented corresponding to the active dialog box You do not have to scan through unrelated information in order to find the Help menu you are looking for Before You Begin Before you begin lets cover a few procedural matters so that they are out of the way To view or change your MultiFRAD configuration in Windows95 click on the Start button point to Programs then MultiFRAD 3000 and click on MultiFRAD Configuration You may also
31. when it is required 34 Chapter 4 MultiFRAD Software Statistics The Statistics dialog box allows you to view statistics on the major events of the MultiFRAD The Statistic dialog box changes depending on the way the WAN port is configured If the MultiFRAD is configured in a point to point configuration the button to the right of the WAN changes to PPP and the DLCI button will be grayed out If the WAN port is configured for a frame relay configuration then the button to the right of the WAN changes to Frame Relay and the DLCI button is active MEF3000 v0 99 Statistics Statistics can be a helpful troubleshooting tool For example viewing the WAN Statistics you can see if the MultiFRAD is sending or receiving on its composite link or WAN port When the MultiFRAD is configured in a frame relay mode it will transmit management frames approximately every ten seconds trying to establish communication with the provider s switch If the unit is sending frames but not receiving any this may be an indication of a problem with the link device or the frame relay network Statistics in the frame relay dialog box actually show the number of management frames being sent and received and can also indicate a link or frame relay network problem One way to determine if a problem is local would be to set your DSU to internal clocking and put it in loopback by means of a DSU loopback cable RJ 45 If the MultiFRAD the cable and the DSU are all
32. A term used to include any device in a network which generates stores or displays user information DTE is a telecommunications term which usually refers to PCs terminals printers etc DTMF Dual Tone MultiFrequency A generic push button concept made popular by AT amp T TouchTone E E amp M A telephony trunking system used for either switch to switch or switch to network or computer telephone system to switch connection EIA The Electronics Industries Association is a trade organization in Washington DC that sets standard for use of its member companies See RS 232 RS 422 RS530 Encapsulation A technique used by network layer protocols in which a layer adds header information to the protocol data unit from the preceding layer Also used in enveloping one protocol inside another for transmission For example IP inside IPX Errored Seconds ES Any second of operation that all 1 544M bits are not received exactly as transmitted Contrast Error Free Seconds Error Free Seconds EFS Any second of operation that all 1 544M bits are received exactly as transmitted Contrast Errored Seconds ESF Error Event A T1 error condition that is logged when a CRC 6 error or an OOF error occurs Ethernet A 10 megabit baseband local area network that allows multiple stations to access the transmission medium at will without prior coordination avoids contention by using carrier sense and deference and resolves contention by using coll
33. CIR and Excess Burst rate Be settings are throughput amounts determined by the network and user when each DLCI is ordered The CIR is the basic throughput which the network will try to set aside for that DLCI It will always be equal to or less than the actual access rate of the physical line i e if the frame relay physical link is a 56K DDS line the sum of the CIRs of all DLCIs on that link should not exceed 56K bps The Be is the excess burst throughput rate added to CIR that the network should accept for that DLCI before significant loss of data occurs due to the discarding of frames during times of congestion Note however that in frame relay there is no absolute guarantee of a congestion free link regardless of CIR and Be settings The CIR and Be settings on the MultiFRAD should match the settings that the network has provisioned The Congestion Management and Mode settings determine how the MultiFRAD handles congestion The Mode selects whether the MultiFRAD should use its own throughput calculations to avoid congestion or simply send data to the network as fast as possible The MultiFRAD calculates throughput after every CIR Measurement Interval and can limit throughput to either the CIR Adhere to CIR or the CIR plus the Be Adhere to CIR Be The Congestion Management setting selects whether the MultiFRAD should stop sending data when congestion is indicated Stop and Start or gradually reduce throughput during times of congestion
34. CONNECTOR MALE CONNECTOR FEMALE PROTECTIVE GROUND SIGNAL GROUND REQUEST TO SEND CLEAR TO SEND DATA SET READY DATA CARRIER DETECT DATA TERMINAL READY TRANSMIT DATAA RECEIVE DATAA TRANSMIT DATA B RECEIVE DATA B EXTERNAL TX CLOCK A RECEIVE CLOCK A EXTERNAL TX CLOCK B RECEIVE CLOCK B TRANSMIT CLOCK A TRANSMIT CLOCK B m xzZE cc aomurmmoou rx The MultiFRAD RS232C interface circuits have been designed to meet the electrical specificaitons given in ElA Electronic Industries Association RS232C and CCITT Consultative Committee International Telegraph and Telephone V 24 Standards When configured for V 35 interface operation on the link the V 35 adapter cable should be used This cable uses a 25 pin female connector at one end and a 34 pin winchester male connector at the other end 73 MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide 74 Remote Configuration Cable To COMMAND PORT Connector Male 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 mom nm a N Male FRAME GROUND TRANSMIT DATA TX RECEIVE DATA RX REQUEST TO SEND RTS CLEAR TO SEND CTS SIGNAL GROUND To DCE Device Communication Device i e Modem Appendix B Regulatory Information Appendix B Regulatory Information Note This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interferenc
35. Connect Edit Terminal Help lt lt MultiFRAD Telnet Server gt gt 1 MultiFRAD Configuration 2 Remote User Database Enter your choice 1 to 2 exit 2 A Add User Enter your choice a 1 User Name 2 User Password l L 3 Call Back Disabled 4 Call Back Security Disabled 5 Call Back Number 6 Call Back Delay 10 7 IP Enabled 8 IPX Enabled 9 Spanning Tree Enabled Select the field to modify 1 to 9 exit ESC to go to Previous menu By selecting and configuring the various options and entering the desired information you can construct a database of remote users for the MultiFRAD For a detailed description of each option refer to the on line help provided in your MultiFRAD software 61 MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide WEB Browser Management The MultiFRAD can be accessed from anywhere on the connected internet via the built in WEB Browser interface You must check this option in Other setup to enable the function Depending on the rights of the user read write or read only itis possible to view the current parameters and statistics of the MultiFRAD as well as configure and download setup changes to the MultiFRAD You can access MultiFRAD configuration by typing the IP Address of the unit into the address line of your web browser In this example the IP address is 200 2 9 1 Address ht 200 2 31 z Links Multi lt Welcome to MultiFRAD
36. Data Port OCU DP The CO channel bank used as the interface between the customer s DSU and the channel bank Off hook The condition of a device which has accessed a phone line with or without using the line In modem use this is equivalent to a telephone handset being picked up Dialing and transmission are allowed but incoming calls are not answered Contrast on hook Off Premise Extension OPX An extension or phone that terminates in a location other than that of the PBX Commonly used to provide a corporate member with an extension of the PBX at home Ones Density the measure of the number of logical 1s on a T1 line compared to a given total number of bits on that line used for timing information in data recovery in AMI and B8ZS On Hook The condition of a device which has not accessed a phone line In modem use this is equivalent to a telephone handset that has not been picked up In other words it can receive an incoming call Contrast off hook Open Shortest Path First OSPF A hierarchical Interior Gateway Protocol IGP routing algorithm for IP that is a proposed standard for Internet OSPF incorporates least cost routing equal cost routing and load balancing 89 MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide Outage The measure of the time during which a circuit is not available for use due to service interrupt Outage is the complement of circuit availability 100 minus available outage Out of band Signaling tha
37. FRAD is completely cabled Proceed to the next section to load your software 16 Multi ma Router Multiport Data Voice Fax Frame Relay Access Device Chapter 3 Software Loading and Configuration Multi ech Systems MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide Introduction This chapter will guide you through the installation and initial configuration of the MultiFRAD software included in your shipping box Chapter 4 will provide a more detailed description of the software and it s features Loading your Software The following loading procedure does not provide every screen or option in the process of installing the MultiFRAD software The assumption is that a technical person is doing the installation and that a thorough knowledge of Windows and the software loading process is understood Additional information on the MultiFRAD software is provided in the following chapter 1 Run Windows on the pc connected to the Command Port 2 Insert the MultiFRAD 3000 diskette into the disk drive on the pc connected to the Command Port 3 Win3 1 users access Run by clicking on the File menu in Program Manager and then click on Run In the Run dialog box type a setup or b setup depending on the location of your floppy disk drive in the Command Line field and then click on OK Win95 users click on the Start box and then click on Run In the Run dialog box click on the down arrow and choose a setup or b setup depending on the location
38. For example the address of an Ethernet and token ring network adapter consists of a 6 byte address half of which is a special number identifying the board s manufacturer The last half of the address is a unique number for the board assigned at the factory This strategy virtually guarantees that no two Ethernet or token ring network interface cards will ever have the same address and prevents conflicts When separate networks are connected into an internetwork a new addressing scheme is required On interconnected NetWare networks each network segment has its own address which is used for routing purposes and differentiate each segment from the others In TCP IP networks such as the Internet every node has a numeric address that identifies both a network and a local host or node on the network This address is written as four numbers separated by dots for example 148 1 9 1 The assignment of addresses is arbitrary within a company or organization but if the company plans to connect with the Internet it is important to obtain registered addresses from an outside agency to conform with international addressing standards Applications running in computers also have addresses that other applications either local or remote use to communicate with the application On TCP IP networks a socket is a combination of an Internet address plus an application address Internet Protocol IP Internet Protocol is a connection less communication protocol t
39. Management Type to be Annex A Hence it has set Management type to Annex A from Annex D The Management Types are Annex A Annex D or LMI Any one could appear in this dialog box MF3000 Frame Relay MultiFRAD has detected Management Type to be Annex A Hence it has set Management Type to Annex 4 from Annex D EE toas BR pMappi A TI Map twa namber TT woe srewan lH WBPot5 WPor6 W Potz BiPot8 Hs B Pot 2 BPot3 UH Ports MPotg Mi Pot 10 Delete rCongestion Management M Q Stop and Start O Throttle Up and Down lode Adhere to CIR Adhere to CIR Be As Fast as Possible Committed Information Rate Excess Burst Rate tBej Wi Compression Settings in Bits secot gm 25 MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide 26 45 46 4T 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 56 57 58 59 Click on a DLCI that you want to map The Mappings Map Data Ports and all the other groups become active To map this DLCI to a protocol stack click on a protocol stack s down arrow for each protocol that your LAN is using When you click on the down arrow for a protocol the listing displays None and your logical IP WAN addresses and or logical IPX network numbers To map this DLCI to a data port click on Data Port Mappings and choose the Port number s that you want to associate with this DLCI Ensure that Throttle Up and Down in
40. Multi ma Router Multiport Data Voice Fax Frame Relay Access Device Models FR3060 3100 User Guide Multi ech Systems User Guide 88302200 Revision A MultiFRAD 3000 Series Model Numbers FR3060 and FR3100 This publication may not be reproduced in whole or in part without prior expressed written permission from Multi Tech Systems Inc All rights reserved Copyright O 1998 by Multi Tech Systems Inc Multi Tech Systems Inc makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose Furthermore Multi Tech Systems Inc reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes from time to time in the content hereof without obligation of Multi Tech Systems Inc to notify any person or organization of such revisions or changes Record of Revisions Revision Description A Manual released All pages at revision A 3 26 98 PATENTS This Product is covered by one or more of the following U S Patent Numbers 5 301 274 5 309 562 5 355 365 5 355 653 5 452 289 5 453 986 Other Patents Pending TRADEMARK Trademark of Multi Tech Systems Inc are MultiFRAD and the Multi Tech logo Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Multi Tech Systems Inc 2205 Woodale Drive Mounds View Minnesota 55112 612 785 3500 or 800 328 9717 Fax 612 785 9874 Tech Support 800 972 2439 Fax Bac
41. Ns received 0 DLCI Downs 0 Clear Bytes Sent Bytes Received Frames Sent Frames Received 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Others oa e o oa Total When trying to troubleshoot a frame relay circuit once it has been established that management frames are being sent and received the next step is to determine whether the DLCIs are becoming active This is dialog box that will give that indication A FRAD needs to be present at both ends for the DLCI to be active Keep in mind that the frame relay network tells the FRAD the status of the PVC with one of its status responses But the network will not say the PVC is active until it has established management communication at both ends of the PVC If the FRADs at both ends of the PVC show that they are communicating with the frame relay network and the DLCI still shows active and there is a communication problem over that PVC there may be a problem with your service provider If all DLCIs show active at both or all locations and there is still an end to end communication problem it is likely that it is in the configuration of the MultiFRAD At that point you should review your protocol stack data port parameters and DLCI mappings 44 Chapter 4 MultiFRAD Software WAN Port Setup The WAN Port Setup dialog box controls how the port is configured i e frame relay or point to point If the WAN port is configured for frame relay then the mode of the port is synchronous If t
42. O OOO E 35 Data Port SIAUSHICS aaa las ll ananas 42 Eiame RelaySialistios ot rd ados ito ia ira 43 IP SIAS iC siii 36 IPX Port STAUSHCS tist pt a a iaai ile 37 PPP Statistics ini ps 41 SONME SEUSUES practical rien 39 SIP Spanning Tree Port Statistical 38 WAN SIAS UG S usura io dridco c PN Pct oder 40 SIP Spanning lee Porn StalSucs tritio OR 38 1 Tecii suppost RETE 67 Contacting Tech Support Via EMail aa is 67 Recording MultiFRADnforMation iociconniiicon a iaaa L 67 Technical SpecificalonS e ES 12 Channel Connectors asp D i a it ora ridad 12 CommandiPohlaz cassia 12 Composite Link external i 12 97 MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide at A ERR 12 insi jM POM EET UTE 12 gie iier c DE 12 Telnet ipd e PEE 60 MultiFRABGshfigurationi a arpa E 61 Remote User Database dual le 61 Sewer pet c 60 U Unpacking your Multi RAD 9000 coi cra ia tie da 14 WwW WAN POR Setup sasi UE 45 WAN SaS E ta pd 40 WEB Browser Management dalai ae air 62 98
43. Port Statistics sra da ia SIMP Stat SES aa yr dps IM droit raid mulcet Data POR StauSueS ai A A m 42 Frame Relay Stall SUCS conosca pu Deia 43 WAN POR SCD andino dd e 45 Ponto PONES SUD a iia idol 46 Frame Relay Setup sita toda dota 47 Data Pon Configura aaa 52 Chapter 5 Remote Configuration INTFOGUGHON s 54 Modem Based Remote Configuration Procedure sss 54 LAN Based Remote Configura a das 56 Windows Sockets Compliant FGP IP StaR ionic aiar 56 Chapter 6 Router Management Latro dH EOIN i a i A Na iad ageanesataaaeainasmaitanaunasanen 60 MiltiERAD Telnet Server Melo 60 MUTI RAD CORHDUAlOis econ 61 Remote User Database ida aa 61 WEB Browser Management a a 62 Chapter 7 Warranty Service and Tech Support INMOdUCUON ii At ti ica 66 Limited Warranty ai a 66 On line Warranty Registration eene nen aaaeaii aiii sinn 66 Biz ose ee ea ale cl 67 Recording MultiERAD Information a ab pa bi fr aida 67 Contacting Tech support via E mail 67 A A tA a 68 The MUMMIES CRIBB Site i d dla 68 TO Ogomo the Multi Tech BB Sa i e a e AS 68 TODO whl OG A flO enc HR 69 About COMPUSO aus cd il 70 About the MG NING Rare sotana ci af 70 About ine Multi Tech Fat Back SENICE aa aa ita 70 Appendices Appendix A Cabling DiagraMS iii 72 Appendix B Regulatory Information x52 aria a 75 Appe
44. Port3 Ponts ea Porta Port9 Configure Ports Portl0 O Asynchronous Synchronous Sync Parameters Clocking Encoding Scheme O External G NAZ e O ewj O NRZI Speed 19200 x Between Frames Send Flags O Mark State InterFrame Timer in ms Off F Compression If your data device is an Asynchronous device then click on Asynchronous check box and set the Baud Rate by clicking on the Baud Rate down arrow and the drop down list box displays the baud rate Also select the Word Length Parity Stop Bits etc for your device Refer to the user documentation for the parameters of the data device 23 Click on OK when you are satisfied with your data port configurations 24 If you enabled PPP in the WAN Ports Default Setup dialog box proceed to step 36 If you enabled Frame Relay in the WAN Ports Default Setup dialog box the Frame Relay DLCI Default Setup dialog box is displayed with all the groups inactive Your MultiFRAD can detect DLCIs and the frame relay management type when the unit is connected to an active frame relay network service Atthis point your MultiFRAD is not communicating with the frame relay network But if you know your DLCIs and want to add them at this point you can continue with the next step If you wish to wait until your MultiFRAD is communicating with the frame relay network proceed to step 36 to finish installing your software
45. Speed 19200 E Between Frames Send Flags O Mark State InterFrame Timer in ms Off y Compression For example port 1 could be connected to a Multi Tech MultiMux MMH904 In this situation port 1 could be configured with the following options Data Port Mode set to APSM Advanced Priority Statistical Multiplexer Synchronous Configuration Internal Clocking with Speed set to 19200 Encoding Scheme set to NRZ for all Multi Tech Muxes Between Frames set to Send Flags and InterFrame Timer in ms has to be off The MMH904 would have to be configured for an external composite link device This means that the 8 position DIP Switch on the MMH904 would have to be toggled to the closed position and an external composite link cable connected between the MMH904 and the MultiFRAD Channel connector In most applications the encoding scheme interframe timer and between frames will be used at their default settings If you are unsure of your devices configuration start with the defaults or refer to your device s documentation Multi RN Router Multiport Data Voice Fax Frame Relay Access Device Chapter 5 Remote Configuration Multi ech Systems MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide Introduction This chapter provides procedures for changing the configuration of a remote unit Remote configuration allows a PC at one site local site to dial a remote MultiFRAD and change the configuration of
46. WAN tab at the top of the dialog box The WAN parameters are displayed Click on the Add button and WAN 2 is added to the List of Logical WANs Default IP addresses will be displayed for the Port Address and Remote Address and a default IP Mask will appear in its window If either address or mask needs to be changed click on the appropriate window and the change the numbers MF3000 v0 99 IP Setup di m Port Address P n 200 2 10 1 JV Point to Point Link IP Address 002101 IP Mask 255 255 255 0 Metric fi r Remote Address IP Address 200 21 0 2 Support TARP Proxy ARP Iv ICMP Redirect M ICMP Mask Reply Iv RIP Iv RIP Poison Reverse List of Logical WANs When you click on the OK button in the IP WAN dialog box you now have an IP address for a second logical WAN Now we have to tie that IP address to a DLCI which in our example is DLCI 17 Now return to the Frame Relay DLCI dialog box and high light DLCI 17 Click on the Protocol Mappings Map IP Address down arrow and the IP address 200 2 11 1 appears Click on this address and now IP address 200 2 11 1 is mapped to DLCI 17 Chapter 4 MultiFRAD Software We now have WAN IP address 200 2 11 1 from the IP protocol stack mapped to DLCI 17 Let s say we also want to map a data channel to DLCI 17 The data ports that are already mapped to other DLCIs are grayed out In our example lets map data port 3to DLCI 17 Simply click on Port 3 in the D
47. Yes button to continue Setup Complete The MultiFRAD 3000 software has been successfully installed click on Finish to continue configuring your MultiFRAD To configure your MultiFRAD a series of five default dialog boxes MultiFRAD Novell IPX Protocol Default Setup MultiFRAD IP Protocol Default Setup MultiFRAD WAN Port Default Setup MultiFRAD Data Port Default Setup and MultiFRAD Frame Relay DLCI Default Setup will be displayed 19 MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide 20 10 11 12 13 MF3000 Novell IPX Protocol Default Setup Lx Router Name MultiFRAD 3000 Ethernet Auto Learn Network Numbers Yes No RAW 802 3 Frames X Enable Network number 01500000 WAN x Enable Network number 05500000 i 802 2 Frames X Enable Network number 02500000 IYPE lFrams X Enable Network number 03500000 SNAP Frames 5 E Enable Network number 04500000 If your network protocol is IPX continue with the following steps If you are not using IPX routing click on IPX Routing Enable check box to disable IPX then click on the OK button and proceed to step 13 Router Name You can use the default Router Name or you can assign a new Router Name in this field If you assign a new Router Name it must be a printable ASCII string of a maximum of 47 characters The router name is used by the MultiFRAD to advertise it
48. and Down Data Port Mappings Porti l Port amp Pot2 Port Port 3 l Port 8 Port 4 Port 9 Port 5 F Port 10 Mode O Adhere to CIR Adhere to CIR Be Management Annex D O As Fast as Possible O LMI Settings in Bits second Others Annex A Committed Information Rate 56000 compression Excess Burst Rate Bejjo To map this DLCI to a protocol stack click on a protocol stack s down arrow for each protocol that vour LAN is using When vou click on the down arrow for a protocol the listing displavs None and vour logical IP WAN addresses and or logical IPX network numbers To map this DLCI to a data port click on Data Port Mappings and choose the Port number s that vou want to associate with this DLCI Ensure that Throttle Up and Down in the Congestion Management categorv is selected Ensure that Adhere to CIR 4 Be check box in the Mode categorv is selected Multi Tech recommends this setting initiallv Click on the Committed Information Rate numeric box in the Settings in Bits second category and enter the CIR value provided by your service provider at subscription time for this DLCI Click on the Excess Burst Rate Be numeric box in the Settings in Bits second category and enter the Be value provided by your service provider at subscription time for this DLCI The Compression option in the Others group may be desirable at low link speeds With a high speed link Multi Tec
49. annels 1 and 2 V35 V 35 Interface This indicator lights when the channel is configured for a V 35 interface XMT Transmit This indicator blinks when the channel is transmitting data RCV Receive This indicator blinks when the channel is receiving data Channels 3 through 10 XMT Transmit This indicator blinks when the channel is transmitting data RCV Receive This indicator blinks when the channel is receiving data Chapter 1 Introduction and Description Voice Fax Channels 1 8 Note the Voice Fax Channels are not currently supported FXS FXO E amp M FAX XMT RCV XSG RSG Foreign Exchange Station This indicator lights when the voice fax channel is configured for FXS operation Foreign Exchange Office This indicator lights when the voice fax channel is configured for FXO operation Ear amp Mouth Operation This indicator lights when the voice fax channel is configured for E amp M operation Fax This indicator lights when there is fax traffic on the voice fax channel Transmit This indicator lights when voice or fax data is being transmitted Receive This indicator lights when voice or fax data is being received Transmit Signal This indicator lights when the FXS configured channel is off hook the FXO configured channel is receiving a ring from the telco or the M lead is active when the voice fax channel is configured for E amp M operation i e the MultiFRAD is receiving a ring from the PBX Rece
50. at 8000 per second the required sample rate creating a 1 544M 8000x193 1 544M transmission rate T1 Line A digital communications facility that functions as a 24 channel pathway for data or voice A T1 line is composed of two separate elements the Access element and the Long Haul element 92 Glossary T1 Mux A device used to carry many sources of data on a T1 line The T1 mux assigns each data source to distinct DSO time slots within the T1 signal Wide bandwidth signals take more than one time slot Normal voice traffic or 56 64K bps data channels take one time slot The T1 mux may use an internal or external T1 DSU a channel bank device typically uses an external T1 CSU Transmission Control Protocol Internet Program TCP IP A multilayer set of protocols developed by the US Department of Defense to link dissimilar computers across dissimilar and unreliable LANs Terminal The screen and keyboard device used in a mainframe environment for interactive data entry Terminals have no box which is to say they have no file storage or processing capabilities Terminal Adapter TA An ISDN DTE device for connecting a non ISDN terminal device to the ISDN network Similar to a protocol converter or an interface converter a TA connects a non ISDN device between the R and S interfaces Typically a PC card Tie line A dedicated circuit linking two points without having to dial a phone number i e the line may be accessed by lifting the
51. ata Port Mappings group and an X appears in the box at the left of Port 3 Now we have both data port 3 and IP WAN address 200 2 11 1 mapped to DLCI 17 The MultiFRAD allows multiple sources of data to be mapped to the same DLCI because the MultiFRAD multiplexes all the data onto the DLCI In other words bandwidth for that DLCI is shared by all the data sources mapped to the DLCI Of course this means that all the data sources must go to the same remote site since the frame relay network will send all data on DLCI 17 to the same place ME3000 v0 99 Frame Relay DLCI DLCIs Total DLCIs 2 0016 Protocol Mappings Map IP Address 200 2 11 1 El Map IPX Network Number None M Map STP WAN None E Data Port Mappings Congestion Management F Poti I Port 2 Stop and Start Port 4 Throttle Up and Down Pot5 Pot amp Mode Port 7 Port 8 O Adhere to CIR Adhere to CIR Be mu JE O As Fast as Possible Others Committed Information Rate 56000 Excess Burst Rate Be 0 Compression E in Bits second An example of a typical application taking advantage of this Multiplexed DLCT configuration follows H M a E MMH900 GO Fi E I LAN MMH900 PCs File Server MultiFRAD 3000 Series MultiFRAD 3000 Series Frame Relay Composite Link N DLCH7 7 F
52. atus Running MultiFRAD IP Address 200 2 9 1 Connection TFTP Rights Read Write 7 After you have changed the configuration of the remote MultiFRAD click on the Download Setup button to update the configuration The remote MultiFRAD will be brought down the new configuration written to the unit and the unit will reboot 8 Click on the Exit button when the downloading is complete 9 Click on the MultiFRAD Configuration icon in the Program Manager screen to verify that the MultiFRAD is running 57 MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide 58 Multi RT Router Multiport Data Voice Fax Frame Relay Access Device Chapter 6 Router Management Multi ech Systems MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide Introduction A typical Telnet client application and typical WEB browser management of the MultiFRAD are described in this chapter The MultiFRAD has a built in Telnet Server for access through Telnet clients A typical Telnet client is allowed to configure the MultiFRAD and its data ports In addition the MultiFRAD can be remotely accessed and configured from anywhere on the internet through its WEB interface For a detailed description of the MultiFRAD software refer to Chapter 4 in this User Guide For a detailed description of each parameter refer to the on line helps provided within your MultiFRAD software The TCP IP stack has to be loaded before the Telnet client can run and the Telnet Server option in the MultiFRAD sof
53. ave a file server Click on OK when you are satisfied with your selections If you clicked OK from the IPX Protocol Default Setup dialog box step 8 the IP Protocol Default Setup dialog box is displayed 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Chapter 3 Software Loading and Configuration MF3000 IP Protocol Default Setup Ix Ethernet IP Address 200 2 9 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Frame Type TYPE_II zl WAN Remote X Enable Address 200 2 10 1 Subnet 255 255 255 0 Addicez 200 2 10 2 To change the IP parameters proceed to the next step If you are not using IP routing click on the IP Routing Enable check box to disable IP routing and proceed to step 20 the WAN Ports Default Setup The default Ethernet IP Address has to be changed to your unique LAN address Assign an acceptable unique IP address to the Ethernet port Change the default Subnet Mask and Frame Type to the values you have assigned to your LAN port The default WAN Address has to be changed to your unique WAN address Assign an acceptable unique WAN Address to the WAN port Change the default Subnet Mask and Remote Address for WAN to the values you have assigned to your WAN Click on OK when you are satisfied with your selections The WAN Port Default Setup dialog box is displayed The WAN Port is enabled in this dialog box Frame Relay is also enabled If your WAN port is going to be used in Point to poi
54. being passed between the Service user and the service provider The OSI Reference Model defines four types of primitives Request Indication Response and Confirm Private Branch Exchange PBX A telephone exchange located on the customer s premises The PBX provides a circuit switching facility for telephone extension lines within the building and access to the public telephone network See also Exchange PROM Programmable Read Only Memory pronounced prom A permanent memory chip that can be programmed or filled by the customer after by the manufacturer has set initial values Contrast with ROM Protocol 1 A set of semantic and syntactic rules that determines the behavior of functional units in achieving communication 2 In Open Systems Interconnection architecture a set of semantic and syntactic rules that determine the behavior of entities in the same layer in performing communication functions 3 In SNA the meanings of and the sequencing rules for requests and responses used for managing the network transferring data and synchronizing the states of network components 4 Synonymous with line control discipline PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network A worldwide public voice telephone network that is used as a telecommunications medium for the transmission of voice data and other information Public Data Network PDN A packet switched network that is available to the public for individual subscriber use Typically cont
55. blished from one point via one or more segments Synchronous Data Link Control SDLC A discipline conforming to subsets of the Advanced Data Communications Control Proce dures ADCCP of the American National Standards Institute ANSI and High level Data Link Control HDLC of the International Organization for Standardization for managing synchronous code transparent serial by bit information transfer over a link connection Transmission exchanges may be duplex or half duplex over switched or nonswitched links The configuration of the link connection may be point to point multipoint or loop Synchronous Transmission The transmission of data which involves sending a group of characters in a packet This is a common method of transmission between computers on a network or between modems One or more synchronous characters are transmitted to confirm clocking before each packet of data is transmitted Compare to Asynchronous Transmission Systems Network Architecture SNA The description of the logical structure formats protocols and operational sequences for transmitting information units through and controlling the configuration and operation of of networks T Tariff The rate availability schedule for telephone and ISDN services from a regulated service provider TCP IP A set of communication protocols that support peer to peer connectivity functions for both local and wide area networks T Carrier The generic name for a digita
56. coding commonly used B8ZS and AMI differ in the restrictions placed on user data T1 line coding ensures that sufficient timing information is sent with the digital signal to ensure recovery of all the bits at the far end Timing information on the T1 line is included in the form of 1s in the data stream a long string of Os in the data stream could cause problems recovering the data Line Termination LT The electronics at the ISDN network side of the user network interface that complements the NT1 at the user side The LT and the NT1 together provide the high speed digital line signals required for BRI access Listed Directory Number LDN The main number assigned by the telco the number listed in the telephone directory and also provided by Directory Assistance Some devices can have more than one LDN such as ISDN devices that have one LDN for voice and another LDN for data Local Area Network LAN 1 A computer network located on a user s premises within a limited geographical area Communication within a local area network is not subject to external regulations however communication across the LAN boundary may be subject to some form of regulation 2 A LAN does not use store and forward techniques 3 A network in which a set of devices are connected to one another for a communication and that can be connected to a larger network Local Access and Transport Area LATA A post divestiture geographical area generally equivalent to a Standa
57. computer It s how the computer accesses its resources like a video card serial ports memory etc AMI line coding One of two common methods of T1 line coding with B8ZS AMI line coding places restrictions on user data B8ZS does not Analog signal A waveform which has amplitude frequency and phase and which takes on a range of values between its maximum and minimum points Analog Transmission One of two types of telecommunications which uses an analog signal as a carrier of voice data video etc An analog signal becomes a carrier when it is modulated by altering its phase amplitude and frequency to correspond with the source signal Compare with digital transmission Application Program Interface API A software module created to allow dissimilar or incompatible applications programs to transfer information over a communications link APIs may be simple or complex they are commonly required to link PC applications with mainframe programs ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange pronounced askey A binary code for data that is used in communications and in many computers and terminals The code is used to represent numbers letters punctuation and control characters The basic ASCII code is a 7 bit character set which defines 128 possible characters The extended ASCII file provides 255 characters Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM A very high spped method of transmission that uses fixed size cells of 53 b
58. ddresses is arbitrary within a company or organization but if a company plans to connect with the Internet anytime in the near future a registered addresses should be obtained from the Defense Data Network DDN Network Information Center NIC which is managed by Network Solutions in Chantilly Virginia With the growing popularity of the Internet it is recommended that all organizations obtain registered addresses to avoid address conflicts in the future There are three classes of Internet addresses Class A B and C Class A networks use the first byte of the IP address for the network number and the remaining three bytes for the host number The first byte may have any value from one to 127 Class B networks use the first two bytes of the IP address for the network number and the last two bytes for the host number The first byte must have a value from 128 to 191 Class C networks use the first three bytes of the IP address for the network number and the last byte for the host number This scheme provides for a very large number of different networks each with up to 255 addressable devices The first byte must have a value from 192 to 223 The part of the IP address that refers to the network is called the network address A network mask is the bit pattern which yields the network address in a Boolean AND operation with the IP address For example in Class C networks network addresses take the form X X X 0 The network mask for Class C netw
59. ded for frame relay you can add them by clicking on the Add button The Ethernet IP Setup dialog box displays the parameters for your Ethernet port with the IP Address established during the initial loading of the software MF3000 v0 99 IP Setup x X IP Port Enable rPort Address 200 2 9 1 I Point to Point Link IP Address 0291 IP Mask 255 255 255 0 Frame Type TYPE tg Y Metric n rRemote Address IP Address Support IX ARP X Proxy ARP IX ICMP Redirect X ICMP Mask Reply IX RIP X RIP Poison Reverse An IP address is a combination of a network number and a host number or ID IP address masks are used to specify the network or subnet portion of the IP address IP addresses and masks are 32 bit values These are usually provided in what is known as the dotted decimal notation In this notation each 8 bit portion of the address is given a decimal quantity separated by a dot For example 192 2 10 1 The MultiFRAD expects all IP addresses to be provided in dotted decimal notation addresses not used on the internetwork for addressing For Class A B and C addresses you will usually specify address masks of 255 0 0 0 255 255 0 0 and 255 255 255 0 respectively unless other subnets have been set up The net mask specifies the network or subnet portion of an IP address The net mask is a 32 bit value presented in a dotted decimal notation From the Ethernet IP Setup dialog box you can switch to t
60. des procedures for changing the configuration of a remote MultiFRAD Remote configuration allows you to change the configuration of a unit by simply connecting a PC with communications software to a remote MultiFRAD that has communications software and a modem connected to the command port You can then configure the unit Chapter 6 Router Management Chapter 6 describes a typical Telnet Client application Chapter 7 Warranty Service and Tech Support Chapter 7 provides instructions on getting service for your MultiFRAD at the factory a statement of the limited warranty information about our user bulletin board service and space for recording information about your MultiFRAD prior to calling Multi Tech s Technical Support personnel MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide Front Panel Description The front panel of the MultiFRAD contains three main groups of LEDs that provide the information on the LAN connections Voice Fax channel activity not currently available and the general status of the MultiFRAD Multi 8 VoleaFax Channel 8 VolclFax Channel volclFex Channel amp VolouFax Channel 5 pe 00000000 00000000 00000000 oo000000 Multi 7 77 00000000 GO0000000 secc o0000000 Router Multiport Data Voice Fax Frame Relay Access Device Composite Link Ethernet Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel3 Channel4 Channel5 Channel6 Channel Channel8 Channel9 Channel 10 o OE OAOA 0VO 6060 OOO 050 Ve OO 00 OO OO OO VO The LED
61. e 1 Connect one end of an DB 25 cable to each of the data channel connectors on the back of your MultiFRAD labeled CHANNEL 1 6 for the MF3060 CHANNEL 1 10 for the MF3100 See Figure 3 Connect the other end of each cable to the channel devices Repeat for each of the up to 6 or 10 channels you are connecting NOTE only Channels 1 and 2 support the RS232 V 35 protocol and all channels support either asynchronous or HDLC synchronous RS232 data equipment such as multiplexers Connect one end of an DB 25 female cable to the Ext Composite Link Connector on the back of the MultiFRAD as shown in Figure 3 Connect the other cable end to your T1 CSU DSU or compatible link device If you have a LAN make the network connection by connecting a RJ 45 UTP cable to the 10 BASE T Ethernet connector shown in Figure 3 on the back of the MultiFRAD Connect the other end of the cable to your LAN 15 MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide 4 Connect the MultiFRAD to a PC using an appropriate RS232 cable Plug the male end of the cable into the Command Port on the back of the MultiFRAD and the other end into the pc s serial port See Figure 3 5 Connect one end of the power supply to a live AC outlet and connect the other end to the MultiFRAD as shown in Figure 3 The power connector is a 7 pin circular DIN connector 6 Turn on power to the MultiFRAD by placing the ON OFF switch on the back panel to the ON position At this time your Multi
62. e MultiFRAD from your SNMP manager 39 MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide 40 WAN Statistics The WAN Statistics dialog box provides statistical information regarding the MultiFRAD s WAN port including the number of packets transmitted received and total bytes transmitted received ME3000 v0 99 WAN Port Statistics The WAN Port Statistics dialog box pertains to the traffic on the MultiFRAD s composite link WAN port The Statistics that fall into Others category relate to the physical layer between the MultiFRAD and the link device i e the CSU DSU These statistics can be helpful in troubleshooting suspected problems at the physical layer i e the WAN port itself the link device CSU DSU and any associated cabling Chapter 4 MultiFRAD Software PPP Statistics The PPP Statistics dialog box provides statistical information related to Point to Pint Protocol PPP For example this dialog box displays the current protocol and compression methods enabled FR3000 PPP Port Statistics The statistics in this dialog box will only apply when you are accessing your network remotely with a PPP client The Network Control Protocol NCP is the means by which PPP clients negotiate the network layer protocols IP and IPX network layer protocols are supported on the MultiFRAD The Link Control Protocol LCP is the means by which PPP clients negotiate and configure the data link for a given PPP connection 41
63. e Program Manager click on the MultiFRAD Configuration icon in the MultiFRAD 3000 Program Group The main Setup dialog box is displayed Win95 users from your desktop highlight Programs MultiFRAD 3000 folder and then click on MultiFRAD Configuration The main Setup dialog box is displayed 42 43 44 Chapter 3 Software Loading and Configuration IF3000 v0 99 Setup d rre Reuter a Vele Fax i Frame Relay ficcess pe CHANNEL Initialized LINK 9 to SYNC CHANNEL Initialized LINK 10 to SYNC BSD Module Initialized IWAN Port 0 configured for Frame Relay WAN Device driver buffers allocated Total 195 WAN Initialized port number 0 Device Drivers Initialized LSL Initialized Protocol Stacks Initialized Flash write scheduler initialized Status Running l Config Date Jan 26 1998 Connection Serial From the main Setup dialog box click on the Frame Relay button A Frame Relay dialog box stating MultiFRAD has detected and added following DLCIs is MF3000 Frame Relay MultiFRAD has detected and added following DLCIs 0017 0018 0019 0020 0021 0022 0023 0024 0027 0028 0029 0030 0031 0032 0033 0034 0035 0036 0037 0038 0038 0040 0041 0042 0043 0044 0045 Ensure proper Mapping to these DLCIs for their performance Ce displayed Click on the OK button A second Frame Relay dialog box is displayed stating MultiF RAD has detected
64. e disabled and frame type support for the frame type must be enabled If there is a server on the local segment then IPX network number auto learn should be enabled If there is no server or if for some reason the router comes up before the server the router will default to some random network numbers after a short period of time 33 MultiFRAD 3000 Series User Guide Spanning Tree Setup The Spanning Tree Setup dialog box controls transparent bridging when the Bridging option is enabled or if there are any loops or redundant links in the internetwork then Spanning Tree Algorithm option must be used Spanning Tree is a method of transparent bridging as opposed to source route bridging which the MultiFRAD does not support MIE3000 v0 99 Spanning Tree Setup X Bridging Enable KI RR O RN CR AA Fossa A ICAA Message Printing Control Printf Data List Of Logical WANs State WAN 1 forwarding y Cost 100 The MultiFRAD defaults with one logical WAN port mapped to a DLCI It is not necessary to map this port to a DLCI however care should be taken if additional logical WANs are created Additional WAN will default to a disabled state If they are to be used they must be mapped to a DLCI In most applications the forwarding state should be enabled on the first logical WAN and blocking should be set on any additional WANs The MultiFRAD will make the transition from blocking to forwarding automatically
65. e failure Contrast Red Alarm and Yellow Alarm Bps bits per second A unit to measure the speed at which data bits can be transmitted or received Bps differs from baud when more than one bit is represented by a single cycle of the carrier Bridges 1 A functional unit that interconnects two local area networks that use the same logical link protocol but may use different medium access control protocols 2 A functional unit that interconnects multiple LANs locally or remotely that use the same logical link control protocol but that can use different medium access control protocols A bridge forwards a frame to another bridge based on the medium access control MAC address 3 In the connection of local loops channels or rings the equipment and techniques used to match circuits and to facilitate accurate data transmission Buffer A temporary storage register or Random Access Memory RAM used in all aspects of data communications which prevents data from being lost due to differences in transmission speed Keyboards serial ports muxes and printers are a few examples of the devices that contain buffers Bus A common channel between hardware devices either internally between components in a computer or externally between stations in a communications network Byte The unit of information a computer can handle at one time The most common understanding is that a byte consists of 8 binary digits bits because that s what computers can
66. e robbed bit signaling technique is used in D4 channel banks to convey signaling information The eighth least significant bit of each of the 24 8 bit time slots is robbed every sixth frame to convey voice related signaling information such as on hook off hook etc for each channel Router A device that connects two networks using the same networking protocol It operates at the Network Layer Layer 3 of the OSI model for forwarding decisions Routing Information Protocol RIP A distance vector based protocol that provides a measure of distance or hops from a transmit ting workstation to a receiving workstation RS232 C An EIA standard for a serial interface between computers and peripheral devices modem mouse etc It uses a 25 pin DB 25 or a 9 pin DB 9 connector The RS 232 standard defines the purposes electrical characteristics and timing of the signals for each of the 25 lines RS 422 The EIA standard for a balanced interface with no accompanying physical connector RS 422 products can use screw terminals DB 9 various DB 25 and DB 37 connectors RS 530 The EIA standard for the mechanical electrical interface between DCEs and DTEs transmitting synchronous or asynchronous serial binary data RS 530 provides for high data rates with the same connector used for RS 232 however it is incompatible with RS 232 S Serial Port The connector on a PC used to attach serial devices those that need to receive data o