Kodak J-98A User's Manual
Contents
1. J 317 Injury and Illness Management for Photo graphic Processing Facilities For more information about Kodak Environmental S ervices visit Kodak on line at www kodak com go kes If you have questions about Kodak products call Kodak In the U S A 1 800 242 2424 Ext 19 Monday Friday 9 a m 7 p m Eastern time In Canada 1 800 465 6325 Monday Friday 8 a m 5 p m Eastern time EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY ROCHESTER NY 14650 Safe Handling of Photographic Processing Chemicals KODAK Publication No J 98A CAT 832 1713 Kodak and e marks are trademarks Revised 10 97 Printed in U S A2. be trained on the safe handling of photographic processing chemicals and general lab safety prior to their initial assignment and whenever new hazards are introduced into the workplace Employees should be familiar with the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard operations where hazardous chemicals are present the location and content of Material Safety Data Sheets physical and health hazards of chemicals in their work area as well as additional topics For more information on OSHA s Hazard Communication Standard see KODAK Publication No J 311 Hazard Communication for Photographic Processing Facilities HANDLE CHEMICALS PROPERLY Once you know the hazards learn how to handle chemicals safely Safe handling practices include wearing personal protective equipment following procedures that minimize chemical contact and following the instructions on chemical labels If contact occurs know how to treat or obtain medical first aid assistance PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT OSHA requires that personal protective equipment PPE be used in the workplace whenever the possibility of chemical contact exists OSHA also requires that you perform a hazard assessment in your facility to determine what type of PPE is required to protect against the hazards present In general the PPE required for handling photographic processing chemicals includes e Neoprene or nitrile gloves e Safety goggles e Vinyl rubber
3. K Environment IN FORMATION FROM KODAK Safe Handling of Photographic Processing Chemicals INTRODUCTION Every substance we come in to contact with is composed of chemicals the food we eat the air we breathe the clothing we wear the medicine we take Although most of these chemicals are not hazardous you may need to take precautions to limit the exposure to some chemicals that could be harmful For example direct skin or eye contact with or inhalation of vapors or mists from some household cleaning products can be irritating When handled properly photographic processing chemicals are safe to use Follow the guidelines below to minimize the potential hazardous effects of these chemicals BE INFORMED Safe handling of chemicals requires that you recognize and avoid the potential hazards Learning more about photographic processing chemicals reduces the possibility of illness or injury LABELING Kodak provides warning and precautionary statements on product labels instruction sheets and packaged products Kodak also provides labels for processor and replenishment tanks Kodak evaluates photographic processing chemicals for potential health and physical hazards When a photographic processing chemical has little if any potential hazard the statement LOW HAZARD FOR RECOMMENDED HANDLING is included on the label Photographic processing chemicals that are potentially hazardous hav
4. apron or lab coat Check personal protective equipment often to make sure it is in good working condition clean and works and fits properly Training must be provided on the use limitations maintenance and how to wear PPE For more information see KODAK Publication No J 312 Personal Protective Equipment Requirements for Photographic Processing Facilities CORROSIVE MATERIALS Certain photographic processing chemicals contain materials that can burn or irritate the skin and eyes sometimes with only brief contact To reduce the possibility of injury always wear personal protective equipment when handling photographic processing chemicals Also make sure an emergency eye wash station is readily available Safe Handling of Photographic Processing Chemicals J 98A CONTACT DERMATITIS Dermatitis is the medical term used to describe a skin inflammation Contact with some materials such as acids and bases can cause irritative contact dermatitis while other chemicals such as photographic developers may cause allergic contact dermatitis Early symptoms of irritative contact dermatitis may include dry red cracked or scaly skin at the site of contact Symptoms may worsen with continued chemical exposure In most cases of allergic contact dermatitis the symptoms are itchy blisters similar to those seen from exposure to poison ivy or poison oak Although the rash is usually confined to the site of co
5. e or respiratory tract irritation occurs during normal photographic processing or maintenance operations this may indicate elevated levels of these materials and the need for better control EXPOSURE STUDIES Kodak studies of potential worker exposure during automated photographic processing operations indicate that vapors and gases can be controlled to acceptable levels through good general room ventilation However in some cases local exhaust for enclosed and or open tanks may be recommended Specific recommendations that have been proven to be effective in minimizing airborne levels of photographic processing chemicals include e General Ventilation Dilution ventilation or general ventilation is simply bringing in and distributing enough fresh uncontaminated air preferable outdoor air to dilute the indoor air contaminants to an acceptable level For minilab operations the American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers ASHRAE recommends a minimum general dilution ventilation of 0 5 cubic feet minute per square foot cfm ft of floor area This should be effective in controlling air contaminants associated with photographic processing In some cases venting the dryer section of the processor to the outdoors may be appropriate to prevent excess humidity and odors in the workplace e Effective Covers Covers on photographic processing equipment and chemical storage ta
6. e appropriate precautionary statements such as e A Signal Word such as CAUTION WARNING or DANGER A Statement of Hazard such as CAUSES SKIN AND EYE BURNS HARMFUL IF ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN or FLAMMABLE that tells what the potential hazard is Precautionary Wording such as Do not get in eyes on skin or on clothing or Keep away from heat sparks and flame that describes how hazards can be avoided First Aid Statements are also included on labels and signs that describe immediate measures you must take in case of contact with or overexposure to a photographic processing chemical This publication is meant to assist others with their compliance programs However this is not a comprehensive treatment of the issues We cannot identify all possible situations and ultimately it is the reader s obligation to decide on the appropriateness of this information to his her operation Eastman Kodak Company 1997 J 98A Kodak s health safety and environmental publications are available to help you manage your photographic processing operations in a safe environmentally sound and cost effective manner This publication is part of a series of publications on health and safety issues affecting photographic processing facilities It will help you meet the requirements of the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard Kodak Environmental Servic
7. es YOUR LAB S HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAM The Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA Hazard Communication Standard requires chemical manufacturers to provide Material Safety Data Sheets MSDSs for hazardous chemicals OSHA also requires employers to make MSDSs available in the workplace for the purpose of proper chemical container labeling and training employees on the safe use of chemicals MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS Photographic processing facilities are required by OSHA to have MSDSs for all hazardous chemicals MSDSs provide detailed information about each product Information included in MSDSs is outlined in the following categories e chemical and manufacturer identification composition ingredients hazard identification first aid measures fire fighting measures accidental release measures handling and storage exposure controls and personal protection physical and chemical properties stability and reactivity toxicological issues ecological issues disposal issues transport issues regulatory issues and other information Kodak provides customers with MSDSs for all photographic processing chemicals If you need replacement s or extra MSDSs for any Kodak chemical call 1 800 242 2424 extension 43 You will need to supply the catalog CAT number of the products for which you need MSDSs TRAINING OSHA requires that all employees
8. irst aid to others unless you have been specifically trained to do so CHEMICAL SPLASHES If a chemical gets into a person s eye s use the eyewash station to thoroughly flush the eye s Get medical attention if necessary If you get chemicals on your clothing thoroughly rinse the affected clothes to remove all of the Safe Handling of Photographic Processing Chemicals J 98A chemical residue Use water to rinse the skin area where the chemical contact took place If the chemical is a developer wash with a pH balanced cleanser like Phisoderm Sulfo Hand Cleaner or pH6 Wash contaminated clothing before wearing it again Thoroughly clean contaminated shoes if they can not be cleaned discard them SWALLOWED CHEMICALS Immediately identify which chemical was swallowed and follow the first aid recommendations on the container processor label and in the MSDS Call a physician or poison control center as quickly as possible make sure you have the MSDS with you when you call INHALED VAPORS AND GASES Immediately get fresh air If symptoms persists get medical attention STORE CHEMICALS SAFELY Keep containers easily accessible Always store photographic processing chemical containers in a designated area away from heavy traffic where they can be identified and inventoried if necessary Position containers in an area where you can easily reach without having to st
9. nks can be an effective control mechanism for minimizing the amount of gases vapors and mists that may enter the work area Covers should be made from durable non reactive materials and should cover as much of the open surface as possible In many cases effective equipment covers combined with good general room ventilation proper operation and maintenance may be all that is needed to control odors and airborne exposure to photographic processing chemicals Proper Equipment Operation and Maintenance Indoor air quality can be impacted by how the processing equipment is operated and maintained It is important to follow the manufacturer s recommended operating procedures for operating temperatures agitation of processing solutions and processing speeds In addition draining and flushing processing equipment tanks with cold water prior to rack removal or maintenance operations can also be effective at controlling short term exposures to photographic processing solutions For more detailed information see KODAK Publication No J 314 Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation in Photographic Processing Facilities KNOW FIRST AID IN CASE OF AN EMERGENCY Appropriate first aid treatment is included in the MSDS and on the product and processor labels First aid should be used for immediate treatment in the event of an emergency and is not intended to replace medical attention when necessary Do not administer f
10. ntact most often fingers hands and forearms it may spread to other areas Sometimes people can work with a chemical for years without any noticeable effect only to develop contact dermatitis at a later date The time between contact and when a response develops varies widely among individuals People with a history of skin allergies eczema or other skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of contact with chemicals If you think you have developed contact dermatitis contact your manager A medical examination may be required to determine the cause of the problem Do not attempt to self medicate with lotions or creams they may make the problem worse To prevent contact dermatitis when handling photographic processing chemicals follow these guidelines e Read the labels on chemical containers so you know what precautions to take when handling the contents e Avoid contact with chemicals whenever possible Handle chemical solutions carefully to avoid splashing Keep all PPE gloves goggles apron etc free of chemical residues Wear the proper gloves Do not use gloves sold for household use they may not be durable enough for handling photographic processing chemicals Neoprene or nitrile gloves protect you from photographic processing chemicals To minimize the possibility of chemicals coming in contact with your bare hands rinse gloves thoroughly with water before taking them off On a regula
11. r basis or if chemicals get inside the gloves wash them inside and out and hang them by the fingertips to dry Check gloves regularly for pinholes leaks or tears Dispose of gloves when they are damaged or begin to degrade In case of contact with chemicals wash your hands or other affected skin areas immediately with plenty of water If you get an alkaline solution such as developer on your skin wash witha pH balanced cleanser like Phisoderm Sulfo Hand Cleaner or pH6 Ordinary soaps which are alkaline may not be as effective Protect skin abrasions or cuts The risk of contact dermatitis is increased if chemicals penetrate the skin Skin damage by cuts or abrasions is especially susceptible to irritants Safe Handling of Photographic Processing Chemicals J 98A e Change and launder clothing worn while handling chemicals If photographic processing chemicals are splashed or spilled on your clothes immediately rinse the clothes to remove the chemical residue Wash contaminated clothing before wearing it again Clean up chemical spills or splashes immediately Always wear personal protective equipment when cleaning up spilled photographic processing chemicals Immediately report any unusual skin condition that you think might be related to photographic processing chemicals to your manager and to your physician Conditions such as contact dermatitis can be caused by materials other than pho
12. r visit KES on line at www kodak com go kes Kodak also maintains a 24 hour health hotline to answer questions about the safe handling of photographic chemicals If you need health related information about Kodak products call 1 585 722 5151 For questions concerning the safe transportation of Kodak products call Kodak Transportation Services at 1 585 722 2400 Additional information is available on the Kodak website The products and services described in this publication may not be available in all countries In countries other than the U S contact your local Kodak representative or your usual supplier of Kodak products The following publications are available from Kodak Customer Service or from dealers who sell Kodak products J 110 Formaldehyde Use in Photographic Processing Facilities J 111 Determining Workplace Exposure to Formaldehyde J 112 Formaldehyde Emergencies J 113 About the OSHA Formaldehyde Standard J 114 Formaldehyde Training J 311 Hazard Communication for Photographic Processing Facilities J 312 Personal Protective Equipment Requirements in Photographic Processing Facilities J 313 Occupational Noise Exposure Requirements for Photographic Processing Facilities J 314 Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation in Photographic Processing Facilities J 315 Special Materials Management in Photograph ic Processing Facilities J 316 Emergency Preparedness for Photographic Processing Facilities
13. retch e Do not remove chemical labels that come on chemical containers Container labels include the chemical name appropriate hazard warnings and precautionary measures where applicable Processor tanks and other storage tanks also need to be properly labeled Kodak provides hazard warning labels for this purpose e Use the proper containers photographic processing chemicals should only be stored in the containers in which they were originally delivered Do not transfer chemicals into any other containers Keep corrosive materials separated store corrosive materials away from any materials with which they may react and away from other incompatible materials See the stability and reactivity section on the MSDS for more information PROPERLY DISPOSE OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSING CHEMICALS Always follow the procedures designated for your photographic processing facility when disposing of photographic processing chemicals These disposal procedures are based on local state and federal requirements that regulate the disposal of photographic processing chemicals If your facility discharges waste solutions make sure you have reviewed the local sewer discharge requirements for your area use silver recovery methods for silver bearing effluents e g used fixers bleach fixes and stabilizers Also know what other materials may be discharged to a common drain Never pour any photographic proces
14. sing chemicals into a drain where cleaning agents containing chlorine are present unless the drain has been thoroughly rinsed Run plenty of water down the drain prior to disposing of photographic processing chemical effluents then thoroughly rinse the drain again after the disposal of effluents Safe Handling of Photographic Processing Chemicals J 98A For more information on silver recovery see KODAK Publication J 212 The Technology of Silver Recovery for Photographic Processing Facilities If off site treatment hauling is used for the disposal of waste photographic processing solutions make sure the only solutions poured into the waste drum s are photographic processing solutions Regardless of the type of recovery or disposal procedure you use in your facility maintain the system so overflows and spills do not occur SAFE HANDLING OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSING CHEMICALS IS EASY WHEN YOU USE COMMON SENSE AND WHEN YOU Know the chemicals you are handling Read the MSDSs and container labels Use care when moving containers from one location to another Store photographic processing chemicals safely Do not eat drink or smoke in chemical handling areas Kodak Environmental Services MORE INFORMATION If you have environmental or safety questions about Kodak products or services contact Kodak Environmental Services at 1 585 477 3194 between 8 a m and 5 p m Eastern time o
15. tographic processing chemicals dermatitis usually will not improve until the cause is found and the condition is properly treated ABSORPTION OF CHEMICALS THROUGH THE SKIN Some chemicals are able to enter the body by absorption through the skin A variety of factors determine the effects of these chemicals including the toxicity of the chemical its concentration and the duration of skin contact Chemicals can have a toxic effect even without skin irritation If tests indicate that a photographic processing chemical may be absorbed through the skin in amounts that could cause an adverse effect the product label will include a precautionary statement such as HARMFUL IF ABSORBED THROUGH THE SKIN Always wear personal protective equipment when handling these chemicals VENTILATION Proper ventilation is important to assure a safe and comfortable indoor air environment for photographic processing areas Several common potential indoor air contaminants can be associated with photographic processing These include acetic acid sulfur dioxide and ammonia These chemicals may be eye and respiratory tract irritants depending on their airborne concentrations Exposure guidelines and standards for these chemicals have been established by OSHA and other agencies which represent concentrations under which it is believed that nearly all employees may be repeatedly exposed without adverse health effects If significant ey
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