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Kodak Document Scanner 9500 with/without Image Manager 9500 User's Manual

1. Data Field Command Field screen 2 level screen no screen 16 level screen 32 level screen 64 level screen 3 level screen 4 level Bayer Dither 16 level Bayer Dither 64 level Bayer Dither NOTE Level is defined as the levels of gray simulated by the screen The MC command enables or disables Count Only operation The image address does not change and no images are stored when using Count Only mode Data Field Command Field stat disables Count Only mode ho i enables Count Only mode A 61124 March 1999 6 11 MX Y Z Image enhancement filter NF Level of next document NX Y Z Noise filter The MX Y Z command selects an Image Enhancement filter for the current mode Data Field Command Field filter no filter all pass halftone removal 1 no filter all pass 2 no filter all pass 3 The NF command sets the document image level for the next scanned document Data Field Command Field F level sets Image Level of next document to Level 0 sets Image Level of next document 1 to Level 1 sets Image Level of next document 2 to Level 2 sets Image Level of next document 3 to Level 3 The NX Y Z command selects the Noise filter for the current mode Data Field Command Field noise filter disabled remove lone pixels enabled majority rule enabled A 61124 March 1999 SX Y Z Reverse image TX Simplex duplex status The SX Y Z command changes the white black pol
2. Refer to Chapter 6 Scanner unique Commands for a description of the FX Y Z command A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 E 3 Contrast without ATP E 4 Contrast determines the ability of the scanner to detect subtle differences in gray levels It is defined as a percentage from 0 to 100 A high contrast value will produce a scanned output of mostly blacks and whites only large changes in gray levels are detected A low contrast value will produce a scanned output of mostly midtones more subtle change in gray levels are detected It is recommended that a relatively high contrast value be used to optimize the quality of text Refer to Chapter 6 Scanner unique Commands for a description of the KX Y Z command This document was scanned using a high contrast value NL ZA ia W AK ny I ee EA Rn Fanaa 4B MIIROFENT GURL IYS On GI PGBS YL sp OVE TAR SGC ICR GSSTI Jaw APY 5 PORTE nies amare cw carb 4 AOCHEPG CISL YN PaRS Lv Pye shede yoik legge sy uvae sy ZU fa baee GIR ARCREZIGRLIELLRCEORSTEY 7 Wee dered fia jkornecpgys STE zl i dyer gyp Ei w ME CETZA JS IMMOREEL Y KATA abzlefqabijklmeteri cuya FO Usd hE mite This is the same document scanned using a low contrast value PEER ENI E MGEAR ad Sadiagoednebyi iih cr aignaece ayate YC iia 75y GCi s AROPE PGHLJS ESOP ESET Y Wey dakedelphi 2s kenge atuyerual g 1 imora suPECA ALLA GL ELAS PS AL naak uni
3. 02 delay subsequent read commands by at least 100 milliseconds For scanner unique commands a transfer length of 128 is recommended The command string is filled with nulls to a length of 128 ensuring the host receives the data without generating a Check Condition for incorrect length A 61124 March 1999 5 19 Release Unit command Command op code 17H SCSI Specification Section 14 2 6 Command block descriptor This command is not fully implemented A Good Status will be returned if it is executed Bit 7 5 4 3 2 1 Byte o Operation Code 17H Logical Unit Number 3rdPty Third Party Device 2 e Cd 2 Reserved 5 20 A 61124 March 1999 Request Sense command Command op code 03H SCSI Specification Section 7 2 15 Command block descriptor Bit 7 5 4 3 2 1 Byte iL o Operation Code 03H Request Sense descriptor bytes ee e E E A Byte O o v woe y O S S S CSegmentNumber CS O e emer com itr esones Sense Key Information Bytes Additional Sense Length Command Specific Information Additional Sense Code Additional Sense Code Qualifier FRU SKSV Sense Key Specific A 61124 March 1999 5 21 Request Sense data Descriptor Data Defintion Error Code 70H Current Error 71H Deferred Error l IL No Incorrect Length Incorrect Length Indicator is on Sense Key No Sense or Incorrect Length Recovered error Not ready Hardware error Illegal reque
4. 1731AN Fi ka This document was scanned using a low threshold value of 85 eh TZ Se 25 BM SE ee SZ ew fat zm la APEE EHI E MYGEERT aa Sadaconebygirgk origine yaey YCIA LEJ GCS AREAL ay See cai ed Eee LCT ATARI pi SBAS TYPICA Ma LA GUL Ep Py AA Hank Peni jet naa unineme t Laddsd TADE Elics A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 Adaptive Threshold Processor ATP accessory Image processing settings for the ATP The Adaptive Threshold Processor separates the foreground information in an image i e text graphics lines etc from the background information i e white paper background The Adaptive Threshold Processor performs adaptive thresholding on gray scale scanned images and outputs a binary electronic image The processor s strength lies in its ability to separate the foreground information from the background information even when the background color or shading varies and the foreground information varies in color quality and darkness Different types of documents may be scanned using the same scanner mode and result in excellent scanned images If mixing documents of different colors paper qualities and textures and print quality the Adaptive Threshold Processor features optimize each image automatically Since the ATP can adapt readily to different document types backgrounds and print qualities use the default settings for contrast and threshold for the majority of your application
5. 1999 Arbitration phase an essential phase in a multi host environment with multiple initiators In this phase multiple initiators compete for control of the bus Only one initiator can have control of the bus at atime The initiator asserts the BSY signal simultaneously this initiator outputs its own SCSI ID bit to the SCSI bus The initiator with the highest SCSI ID will win the arbitration and assert the SEL select signal If the initiator does not win the arbitration it will revert to the Bus Free phase Selection phase software connections are established between an initiator and a target device The initiator selects the target device by asserting the ID bit of the selected device and its own ID bit The initiator then de asserts the BSY signal selecting the target device Command phase the initiator issues a command to the target device Commands are transmitted in a fixed format of 6 8 or 10 consecutive bytes Each command is distinguished by a unique op code Data phase data will be exchanged between the initiator and the target device after the specific commands are executed There are two types of data phases e Data In where the data is transmitted from the target device to the initiator or e Data Out where the data is transmitted from the initiator to the target device Status phase a status code is returned from the target to the initiator indicating the status in which the command terminat
6. Image SX YIZ 0 white 0 0 white 0 0 white 0 NOTE The following commands are not available without the Image Manager e WX Y Z Skew Correction e YX Y Z Border Reduction e AX Y Z The special case of the Cropping command to enable disable auto cropping is not available A 61124 March 1999 Appendix E Terminology Image Processing This appendix provides an overview of image processing capabilities which are controlled by the host computer using scanner unique commands and guidelines for evaluating scanned images This information pertains to the following e Kodak Digital Science Scanner 9500 series e Kodak Digital Science Scanner 5500 and 7500 series e Kodak Digital Science Document Scanner Microimager 990 NOTE For the purpose of this appendix when referring to the scanner and the scanner microimager the term scanner will be used Any specific differences between the Document Scanner 9500 5500 7500 series and the Scanner Microimager 990 will be noted The following terms are used when describing the image processing capabilities of the scanner Adaptive Threshold Processing separates the foreground information in an image from the background information Bi tonal image an unscreened image that consists of pixels which are either black or white 1 bit pixel Continuous tone image an image such as a photograph which can assume all possible shades of gray Digitized image an imag
7. Rear 400 dpi available Image Manager Functions Front Front Image Manager Functions not available Front Image Manager Functions available Image Manager 0 Rear Image Manager Functions not Functions Rear available Rear Image Manager Functions available b blank null Image Manager functions will both either be available or not available with duplex 06H Additional Length Additional bytes of inquiry data D 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 18 A 61124 March 1999 Read command Command op code 28H SCSI Specification Section 14 2 5 Command block descriptor ee eg a ee ea a Byte Co o opace O O O 2 T Type Pos Reserved O S O MSB Transfer Identification LSB Transfer Length Read data Only one logical unit Not supported Image Data raster data Scanner unique command Header Compound Image header raster Not used when Transfer Type is 00 81 or 82 When Transfer Type is 80 this field is used for a scanner unique command Command Maximum number of blocks block size 1 Transfer Length byte to transfer NOTE If Transfer Type 80 use 128 If the quantity of data is less than the transfer length blocks Check Condition Status is returned Incorrect Length Indicator ILI will be returned to the Request Sense that follows When performing continuous read commands if a Check Condition returns an indication the buffer is empty sense key B sense code 80 and sense qualifier
8. as a document jam The two methods described below meet the needs of most users However other methods may be used IMPORTANT Before beginning fault recovery make sure all the images and headers have been transferred from the image buffer to the host system Use the Interactive online method when your primary concern is that the database has no duplicate images Follow these steps to use the Interactive o nline method 1 At the host system search through the most recently scanned files to determine which images have been scanned and transferred 2 Find the last successfully scanned image Record the Sequential ID Number and or the image address assigned to the last successfully scanned image 3 Sort through the stack of documents being scanned to find the document that produced the last successfully scanned image You will have to rescan all of the documents that follow the last successfully scanned document 4 Download the Sequential ID Number and or the Next Image Address using a scanner unique command DC and HC respectively The value s you download should correspond to the document following the last successfully scanned image 5 Begin scanning the documents that follow the last successfully scanned document Use the Batch offline method when your primary concern is efficient use of time duplicates in the database do not present a problem and there is adequate space in the database for the duplicate images sam
9. bus arbitration The SCSI device with the highest priority as determined by its SCSI ID bit is given control of the bus The SCSI device with an ID of 7 is the highest priority device The initiator then selects a target and the target controls all further communications Data transfers on the bus are asynchronous and follow a Request Acknowledge handshake protocol One 8 bit byte of information is transferred to the initiator with each handshake NOTE The amount of time required to execute the SCSI commands is affected by the number of peripheral devices on the bus as well as the priorities assigned to each peripheral device Therefore the amount of time required to execute the SCSI commands will vary based upon the system configuration It is recommended that a dedicated host adapter be used with the scanner A 61124 March 1999 5 1 SCSI interface signal lines Issuing SCSI commands The SCSI interface uses 18 signal lines Select SEL Acknowledge ACK Attention ATN Reset RST Host Busy BSY Computer Data DB 0 DB 7 Target Initiator Data Parity DB P Control Data C D Input Output I O Message MSG Request REQ There are seven steps or phases for issuing commands to the scanner or controller Bus Free Arbitration Bus Free phase the SCSI bus is not being used by an initiator host computer or the target scanner No signals on the bus are asserted 5 2 A 61124 March
10. current application mode e The host executes the following FX command to disable compression When Mode 3 is selected from the scanner operator control panel all of the features of Mode 4 that were available prior to the execution of the FX command described above remain unchanged except compression which is now disabled these values are assigned to Mode 3 The Mode 3 definition has been overwritten by execution of this command When the operator selects Mode 4 again all of the features of Mode 4 that were available prior to the execution of the FX command described above remain unchanged The JX Y Z command defines the threshold used for the current mode Data Field Command Field thresh XIVIZ thresh scan threshold ranging from 0 0 to 255 lightest to 255 darkest NOTE Leading zeros are not permitted 6 10 A 61124 March 1999 KX Y Z Scan contrast LX Y Z Dither pattern screen MC Count Only mode The KX Y Z command defines the contrast used for the current mode NOTE Acontrast of 0 results in a fixed threshold Data Field Command Field Data Field Description Value s cont scan contrast ranging from 0 fixed 0 100 thresholding to 100 fully adaptive NOTES e Leading zeros are not permitted e If multi level screening is enabled LX Y Z 0 this command is used to enable disable Error Diffusion The LX Y Z command selects one of the eight screens for the current mode
11. halftone removal Noise Filter 0 1 2 0 no filter 1 remove lone pixels 2 majority rule Allow Zero for When zero is entered for threshold or contrast Threshold amp Contrast use default When zero is entered for threshold or contrast use zero No Scan No scan off scanning enabled No scan on scanning disabled Border Reduction Border Reduction Disabled Border Reduction Enabled Deskew Skew Correction Disabled Skew Correction Enabled A 61124 March 1999 5 11 Get Window command Command op code 25H SCSI Specification Section 14 2 2 Command block cae ee EAGE Byte of e 2B Ca Logoa UntNumber Reseved Singe es Window Identifier MSB Transfer Length Get Window data Bess bats tion Window descriptors are returned for the current mode with any temporary overrides and all 18 saved modes For a duplex machine 38 windows are sent For a simplex machine 19 windows are sent A single window descriptor will be returned as specified by the window identifier Window Identifier SFFFFOO S Side 0 Front 1 Rear FFFFF Mode 0 18 Get Window Parameters header Te ESETE Window Data Length Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Window Descriptor Length 5 12 A 61124 March 1999 Get Window Parameters header data Descriptor Data Defni Window Data Length The value is equal to the data header not including the window data length 8 bytes plus the number of win
12. illustrates how skew correction and auto cropping work Skewed document with auto cropping and skew correction turned off Line Length N x 16 pixels arg Same skewed document with auto cropping and skew correction turned on Line Length N x 16 pixels lt ___ Areas filled with scanner background 16 pixels max A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 E 17 The illustrations that follow show examples of skew correction in fixed cropping mode Example 1 Skewed document Center fed Un skewed or deskewed document Center fed Line Length N x 16 pixels Fixed Cropping Line Length N x 16 pixels Fixed Cropping lt lt i ii gt Rotate about upper left corner Example 2 Skewed document fed left of Un skewed or deskewed document fed left of cropping window cropping window Line Length N x 16 pixels Fixed Cropping Line Length N x 16 pixels Fixed Cropping Rotate about upper left corner E 18 A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 Example 3 If the entire image border is almost as dark as the scanner background i e black or dark blue deskew auto cropping and border reduction may not work properly The resulting image will not be deskewed or auto cropped as shown in the example below Possible result of deskew auto cropped image with black dark border 12 Full width of Scanner MM A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 E 19 Border reduction The border reduction feature only works when a
13. of bytes needed for scanned document images thus saving storage space and or transmission time This is accomplished with special algorithms that use run length encoding The scanner allows one of three types of compression e TSS Group III one dimensional e TSS Group III two dimensional e TSS Group IV NOTE There are several standard options for Group III one dimensional compression The scanner always utilizes the optional EOL End of Line and RTC Return to Control codes These codes are always padded so the code ends on a byte boundary Results vary depending upon image content the more non standard run length that exists in the image the less effective the compression A compressed document image may be 5 to 15 times smaller than the original document image however the compressed image can also be up to 5 times larger than the original document image for documents that contain large numbers of non optimum run length i e scanned or halftone documents Compression is expressed in terms of a ratio The ratio is a measure of how well a digitized image can be compressed A compression ratio of 10 1 indicates a large reduction in file size after compression A compression ratio of 1 1 indicates no reduction in file size after compression NOTE Compression is recommended for all documents However negative compression less than 1 1 can occur it is most likely when screening or mixed mode error diffusion is enabled
14. of one Read command followed by another Assume that Image 1 is followed by Image 2 Requested Resultant Last Transfer Transfer Transfer Compound Header 1 and Image Compound Header 2 1 Image 2 Compound Header 1 and Image 1 Compound Header 1 and Image 1 Header 1 Compound _ Header 2 Image 2 Header Header 1 Image 1 Compound Header 2 Image 2 Image 1 Header 2 Image 1 Image 2 Note that Header 2 was not transferred This is not recommended Note that Image 1 was not transferred 3 8 A 61124 March 1999 Recommended retrieval methods The following examples illustrate how to retrieve image headers and images To read compound images image header with image using packets e Perform a SCSI Read asking for 64K bytes of compound data e From the header you find the image is 316 000 bytes long Assuming the header is 512 bytes long 65 024 bytes of image were obtained from the first read That means there are still 250 976 bytes of image to be read e Execute three more 64K byte SCSI Read commands asking for compound data to obtain a total of 261 632 196 608 65 024 bytes of image data e Execute a SCSI Read requesting 54 368 bytes of data To read the header and then read the image e Perform a SCSI Read asking for 512 bytes of header data e From the header you find the image is 316 000 bytes long e Execute a SCSI Read asking for 316 000 bytes of image data A 61124 March 199
15. valid status has been sent Initiator Detected 05H host gt scanner Scanner continues current Section 5 6 11 Error I O process Abort 06H host gt scanner Scanner terminates current Section 5 6 1 I O process Message Reject 07H host gt scanner Scanner continues current Section 5 6 15 I O process Message Reject 07H scanner gt host Scanner rejected current Section 5 6 15 I O process No Operation 08H host gt scanner Scanner continues current Section 5 6 17 I O process Message Parity Error Bus Device Reset OCH host gt scanner Scanner terminates current Section 5 6 3 I O process and performs a hard reset Identify 80H host gt scanner Scanner retains Logical Section 5 6 8 Unit Number sent and moves to the Command phase host gt scanner Scanner continues current Section 5 6 14 I O process Extended Message host gt scanner Scanner transfers Section 5 5 remaining message bytes and sends a Message Reject Synchronous Data Transfers are not supported NOTE H in the list above indicates hexadecimal notation A 61124 March 1999 5 5 SCSI conformance The scanner conforms to the SCSI specifications as follows e Single ended 8 bit bus Cable A shielded connector Alternative 2 Cable B is not supported e Single initiator one host is supported Disconnect and Reselect are not supported e Asynchronous maximum transfer rate of 1 2 M Bytes per second e Linked commands a
16. 14 Calibration Failure low lamps rear DSA 84 15 Calibration failure target not seen rear 85 00 Board failure AIP PC IM Checksum or IM Runtime 85 00 Board failure Front Buffer Parity Error 85 00 Board failure Rear Buffer Parity Error 85 00 Board failure SCSI Init Error NENENENENENENENENENENENENENEENENENENENENENSENE RRR IENNE A 61124 March 1999 5 23 Reserve Unit command Command op code 16H SCSI Specification Section 14 2 6 Command block descriptor This command is not fully implemented A Good Status will be returned if it is executed Bit 7 5 4 3 2 1 Byte o Operation Code 16H Logical Unit Number 3rdPty Third Party Device Reserved Scan command Command op code 1BH SCSI Specification Section 14 2 7 Command block descriptor Transfer length must be set to zero Bit 7 5 4 3 2 1 Byte o Operation Code 1BH 5 24 A 61124 March 1999 Send command Send is required when executing scanner unique commands Command op code 2AH SCSI Specification Section 14 2 8 Command block descriptor Operation Code 2AH Transfer Data Type Reserved Transfer Identification LSB Transfer Length Send data Descriptor Data Demin O Logical Unit Number O Only one logical unit RelAdr O 3 Not supported Transfer Length length Maximum number of bytes to transfer The maximum number of bytes whic
17. 61124 March 1999 Table D 2 Scanner 9500 Recommended Image processing parameters Image Document Type Threshold Contrast Screen Enhancement Noise Filter Compression JX Y Z KX Y Z LX Y Z Filter NX Y Z All Text Documents 0 default 62 2 level None ATP enabled default Continuous tone 100 120 Any Multi Any photographic Level standard IP enabled lt 100 gt 120 Not used standard IP enabled Removal lt 100 gt 120 Not used Continuous tone 100 120 gt 0 Any Multi None Off Off photographic with text Level 7 point type or larger Error Error standard IP enabled Diffusion Diffusion ATP is standard in the Scanner 9500 However standard image processing modes are reserved for continuous tone or halftone documents by selecting any multi level screen as shown above A 61124 March 1999 D 3 Table D 3 Scanner 9500 without the Image Manager Default image processing parameters Modes Modes Modes Modes Parameter Command 1 5 9 13 17 2 6 10 14 18 3 7 11 15 4 8 12 16 Scan X amp Y BX Y Z 200 200 Sein Cropping AX Y Z Parameters x start 170 x length 864 y start 0 y length 1104 Contrast KX Y Z 62 62 Screen Dither LX Y Z 2 level 0 2 level 2 32 level 3 64 level Pattern Enhancement Filter MX Y Z none 0 none 0 none Compression Type FX Y Z Group IV Group IV Group IV Group IV Noise Filter NX Y Z no filter 1 lone pixels 0 no filter Reverse
18. 7890 Elite Ih Mt M th M i nih a Mh sll m eee MMM WMO TAM MT MiA MMA WWM MWY M MUM u ww Y FEE ig TE G B Y SS BAN 4 ht MICROFONT QJKLPY2Z TEGHSDEXTUIWEVGE woz FSZ c 22 A z 2 gt 8 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPGRSTUVW 1a xYZabcdefghijklmnoparst uvwxyz0123456789 OCR B w ABCDE FGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUV a WXYZabcdefghijklmmopgr stuywxyzl234567890PICA s 10 abede fghijklmnopgrstuvwxyz BECKERS FORE IW ERNNAN O82 EOI abe seth borregay lise Ln Ee SESE Screen Medor z ene Semele ABCDEFGHUKLMNOPORSIUY WXYZ obeclehgnijh nnapg stuvexy 1234547890 Sporton Meciue Spl ascoercHuKimnorarstuvwxyz IEEE Std 167A 1987 obedelghijkimnopqistuvweyz 1234567890 Sporton Medium 10 pt FACSIMILE TEST CHART ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ phn eh EEE Pl the a sr nip cory abedefghijklmnoparstuvwxyz Yh ie o 1234567890 Spartan Medium 12 pt TTT TTI TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT ule Lxciocal asd becronies Eng nsers A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 E 23 Staircasing Staircasing is displayed when a detail on the scanned image switches from the scan line to the next line of the grid This is the same degradation seen on computer generated images and is most apparent on shallow slopes and soft curves Staircasing can be minimized by scanning at higher resolutions more dpi One factor which can aggravate staircasing is skew Unlike computer generated images scanned horizontal and vertical lines m
19. 9 3 9 4 Scanner Host Communications This chapter provides an overview of the communication link between the scanner and the host system Communications between the scanner and the host system occur across a SCSI bus The SCSI interface supports two way command data communication between the scanner and the host system The SCSI 2 command set is supported Host to scanner The host transmits machine setup information to the scanner using both the SCSI Define Windows command and the SCSI communications Send command The SCSI Define Windows command is used to set up image processing parameters such as resolution threshold contrast etc The SCSI Send command transmits scanner unique commands These allow settings of both image processing parameters and machine configuration These commands are embedded within the Send command as data and can be identified by the 2 byte scanner unique command field A series of scanner unique commands may be sent as one data string within a single Send command Scanner to host The scanner transmits digitized images to the host via the SCSI communications interface using the SCSI Read command The scanner is capable of transmitting current image processing setup information using the SCSI Get Windows command Additionally the scanner can transmit both image processing and configuration information using the SCSI Read command SCSI data rates The Digital Science Document Scanner 9500 has a SCS
20. A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 E 21 Computer generated images Computer generated images printed by dot matrix or laser printers are discrete in both tone and space Discrete in tone means the image consists of pixels on a grid The number of bits per pixel determine the number of gray levels available The spacing between points on the grid determine the resolution of the image Fewer bits per pixel or large grid spacing reduce computer generated image quality Scanning computer generated images can degrade image quality through aliasing and moir patterns The Evaluation criteria section describes aliasing and moir Photographic images Photographic images are continuous in both tone and space A continuous tone image can assume all possible shades of gray Image elements are not restricted to specific points of a grid pattern Image quality is usually measured by gray density and resolution Optics and illumination can degrade photographic image quality Scanning photographic images can result in degraded image quality due to the translation of infinite gray shades to a finite number of gray levels generated by a scanner E 22 A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 Evaluation criteria Target a The target used is the IEEE Std 167A01987 Facsimile Test Chart This target was chosen for its text and photographic content as well as the assortment of resolution targets ABCDEPGHI JKEMNOPQRSTUVWAY2Z 123456
21. E OUR Four FOUR Four t FHREE THREE OUR icun 2 E 14 A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 ATP Threshold settings The threshold parameter controls the lightness and darkness of the background in an image Threshold can have a value between 0 and 255 with a default value of 90 As the threshold is increased more of the darker grays in the image will become black As the threshold is decreased fewer of the darker grays will turn black Image C was processed with default settings and threshold set to 60 Image D was processed with the threshold set to 110 Notice that blocks 8 9 10 and 11 have a black background in image D and a white background in image C Since image D has a higher threshold than image C and the background grays in blocks 8 9 10 and 11 are not above the threshold 110 the pixels are black In image C the background grays in the same blocks are above the threshold of 60 so these pixels are white Image C 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 ONE one ONE one i TWO wo i TWO wo THREE mree THREE three FOUR rour FOUR rour ONE ome TWO wo HREE tnree HREE tHree THREE tree FOUR roun FOUR Four 2 Image D 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 ON ESENE ION ESNE ON EERON E i ONE one ONE ONE i ONE one k WO wo TWO wo i TWO Two TWO two i Tar HREE maeej THREE tHree THREE tree l roua FOUR rous FOUR rour FOUR rour WE a ONE ONE ONE TWO wo HREE THREE OUR roun ONE one ONE one TWO wo TWO wo HR
22. EE teree THREE tHree OUR Four FOUR Four 6 4 2 NOTES e Threshold and contrast work independently and have no effect on each other e When using the ATP accessory mixed mode error diffusion and screening are not available When using the ATP accessory the results when using the Image Enhancement or Noise filter may vary from the results obtained with standard image processing A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 E 15 Image Manager capabilities The Kodak Digital Science Image Manager accessory provides skew detection and correction auto cropping and border reduction This accessory is not available on the Scanner Microimager 990 Skew Detection and The Image Manager provides skew detection and correction Correction Skew detection can detect up to a 45 degree skew and correct up to a 24 degree skew angle at 200 dpi or a 10 degree skew angle at 300 dpi When a skewed document is detected the Image Manager will correct the skew to within 0 3 degrees of the document s leading edge Skewed Document Top Border ee Left Border lt i Right Border Document Bottom Border Skew Corrected Document Top Border Right Border gt Left Border ae ae Document Bottom Border E 16 A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 Auto cropping When auto cropping is turned on it detects and crops the borders of a document and outputs the actual size of the document that was scanned The following
23. I controller which is capable of faster SCSI transfer rates It is capable of operating at a sustained maximum data transfer rate of 7 megabytes per second Actual data transfer rate is a function of the host system configuration A 61124 March 1999 4 1 5 The SCSI Interface This chapter describes the SCSI interface used with the scanners For complete information on the appropriate SCSI specification refer to SCSI 2 Working Draft ANSI X 131 198X Revision 6 10 29 88 SCSI overview The SCSI interface provides a means of communication between a maximum of eight computer and peripheral devices giving the host computer independence within this system As a result tape drives printers optical disks communications devices etc can be added to the host computer s without requiring modification to the generic system hardware or software The interface uses logical rather than physical addressing for all data structures SCSI bus The SCSI bus allows communication between any two SCSI devices at a time When two SCSI devices communicate on the bus one acts as an initiator and the other acts as a target The initiator is usually a host computer that originates operations and the target is usually a peripheral controller that performs the operation A SCSI device generally has a fixed role as an initiator or target but some may assume either role The scanner acts only as a SCSI target Access to the SCSI bus is handled through
24. I Send command 3 200 with 4HA Host executes SCSI Send command 3 200 with 1HA Parameter default value Permanently changing individual parameters A permanent change to an individual parameter is performed by temporarily overriding a single parameter and then sending a scanner unique Define Mode JA command to save the values to a specified mode The following table illustrates how the use of a scanner unique JA command can be used to permanently change a current mode parameter RESULT ACTION Host executes SCSI Send command 2 200 with 2FX Host executes SCSI Send command with 4JA Host executes SCSI Send command 2 300 with 4HA Host executes SCSI Send command 3 200 with 1HA Parameter default value The value s may be saved to the current mode or any of the other modes 6 16 A 61124 March 1999 Permanently changing a group of parameters A permanent change to a group of parameters is performed by temporarily overriding a group of parameters and then sending a scanner unique Define Mode JA command to save the values to a specified mode The permanent parameter changes remain in effect until a SCSI or power on reset occurs The following table illustrates how the use of a scanner unique JA command can be used to permanently change a group of current mode parameters RESULT ACTION Host executes SCSI Send command 2 300 with 2FX300BX Host executes SCSI Send command with 4JA Host exe
25. Kodak Document Scanner 9500 with digital science Image Manager Document Scanner 9500 without Image Manager Integrator s Guide A 61124 1 Introduction This Integrator s Guide contains information that applies to the following Document Scanners e Kodak Digital Science Document Scanner 9500 with the Kodak Digital Science Image Manager e Kodak Digital Science Document Scanner 9500 without the Kodak Digital Science Image Manager These scanners are high performance high resolution rotary scanners designed for medium to high volume digital capture of business documents The information captured may include printed characters handwritten text and graphics from documents of various sizes Following are some features of the scanner Document size Length 2 5 to 30 in 64 to 762 mm Width 2 5 to 12 in 64 to 305 mm Thickness 0 0015 to 0 014 in 0 0381 to 0 36 mm Resolution dpi 70 to 200 Transport Speed ips 24 Resolution dpi 210 to 300 Transport Speed ips 16 Page images are transmitted to a host computer via standard SCSI interface along with an image h eader which allows for easy indexing database storage and retrieval A 61124 March 1999 1 1 About this guide This Integrator s Guide provides the information need ed to use the Kodak Digital Science Document Scanner 9500 You should be familiar with the operation of the scanner If you are not refer the Appendix B Reference
26. Materials for a complete listing of available publications In addition to this information the Integrator s Guide contains the following chapters Chapter 2 Scanning Concepts provides an overview of the scanning process Chapter 3 Image Headers provides an overview of the information generated during the scanning process Chapter 4 Scanner host Communications describes the communications between the scanner and the host system Chapter 5 The SCSI Interface describes the SCSI bus SCSI commands SCSI status and message responses and SCSI conformance Chapter 6 Scanner unique Commands describes the commands used to control the scanner from the host computer Chapter 7 The Diagnostic Interface J45 COIN3 describes the communications between the scanner and an RS 232 terminal that can be used as an interface to receive diagnostic information Appendix A Glossary provides a list of commonly used terms and definitions pertaining to the scanning environment Appendix B Reference Materials provides a list of other available publications from Kodak supporting the Document Scanner 9500 Appendix C Assigning Image Addresses defines the fields required for a valid image address Appendix D Image Processing Parameter Defaults provides default parameter values and recommended image processing parameters Appendix E Image Processing provides an overview of the image processing capabilities of the scanner micr
27. ands e X commands affect both front and rear scanning e Y commands affect only front scanning e Z commands affect only rear scanning When using SCSI Send For duplex scanners all three types of commands may be used For simplex scanners only the Y command type may be used When using SCSI Read Use only the Y and Z command types A 61124 March 1999 Commands AX Y Z Cropping Auto Cropping Each scanner unique command is described in this section The command descriptions appear in alphabetical order The AX Y Z command defines the scan window cropping parameters to be used for the current mode Data Field Command Field xI3 x10 ys3 ys0 yl3 yl0 XIVIZ xs3 xs0 Start location for left side of scanning 0000 1200 window ASCII 4 bytes xl3 xl0 Width of the scanning window 0000 1200 ASCII 4 bytes ys3 ys0 Top of the scanning window 0000 2000 ASCII 4 bytes yl3 yl0 Length of the scanning window 0000 3000 ASCII 4 bytes This command accepts 3000 30 inches The maximum document length is 30 inches with a oe el image file size less 2 Mbytes f all data fields are 0000 auto cropping is selected if the Digital Science Image Manager is installed and enabled If the Digital Science Image Manager is not installed 0000 should not be used NOTES e Leading zeros are required All values entered should be decimal values to the nearest 0 01 inch i e if the s
28. arity for the current mode Data Field Command Field rev XIVIZ Data Field Description Value s rev white O black 1 white 1 black O The TX command directs a duplex scanner to scan either one or both sides of the document s for the current mode Data Field Command Field transmits only one side 1 simplex front only transmits two sides duplex front and 2 rear NOTE Defaults to hardware configuration simplex machine defaults to single sided duplex machine defaults to double sided A 61124 March 1999 6 13 YX Y Z Border Reduction WX Y Z Skew Correction If auto cropping is off see AX Y Z command the Y command removes borders on sides of documents Data Field Command Field Border Border Reduction disabled Border Reduction enabled 1 NOTE If auto cropping is on and this command is sent the machine will store the last commanded state of the Y command This state becomes effective if auto cropping is turned off The W command enables or disables document skew correction Data Field Command Field Skew Correction X Y Z Skew Skew correction enabled 1 correction Skew correction disabled li Ose 6 14 A 61124 March 1999 Scanner unique There are several ways to alter the default image processing command samples parameters e temporarily override an individual parameter e temporarily override a group of parameters e permanently change an individual param
29. as having a field length of zero Fixed Field may be defined if desired Example FFFFFF BBBBBB e Two Level Format Field A is defined as having a field length greater than zero Field B is defined as having a field length greater than zero Field C is defined as having a field length of zero Fixed Field may be defined if desired Example FFFFFF BBB AAA A 61124 March 1999 C 1 Three Level Offset Format Field A is defined as having a field length of zero Field B is defined as having a field length greater than zero Field C is defined as having a field length greater than zero Fixed Field may be defined if desired Example FFFFFF CCC BBB Three Level Format Field A is defined as having a field length greater than zero Field B is defined as having a field length greater than zero Field C is defined as having a field length greater than zero Fixed Field may be defined if desired Example FFFF CC BBB AAA C 2 A 61124 March 1999 Appendix D Image Processing Parameter Defaults Image processing parameters A 61124 March 1999 Image processing parameters are fine tuned during integration for each application document type with the goal of optimizing document image quality At the beginning of the optimization process the default image processing parameter settings should be used as a base when fine tuning the image processing parameters e Set each of the image processing parameters to the recom
30. ata and perhaps manual cleanup of the information contained in the header e During normal bar code reading if a bar code is not decoded properly i e not recognized or only a portion of the code is recognized the bar code data will not appear in the image header For example if there are two bar codes ona document and only the second bar code is read and decoded properly only the data contained in the second bar code will appear in the image header making it appear as though only one bar code was placed on the document e During partial bar code reading if a bar code is not decoded i e not recognized or only a portion of the code is recognized a question mark may appear in the image header For example if the start character followed by the minimum number of characters is readable the image header will contain bar code information corresponding to what has been successfully read and decoded followed by a semi colon and a question mark e During reading of multiple bar codes duplicate bar code information may be placed in the header Image Deskew Flag If the image was successfully skew corrected this flag is set to 1 otherwise this flag is set to 0 This requires the Image Manager Skew Angle The scanner will report the detected skew angle from 0 to 44 degrees independent of whether the image was skew corrected This requires the Image Manager A 61124 March 1999 3 3 Image header format The foll
31. ay not be square with the image A slight skew when feeding the original into the scanner can cause square lines in the original to have a shallow slope on the scanned image thus introducing staircasing _ Shallow lines with staircasing Aliasing If the spacing of details in an original is close to the dpi of the scanner aliasing can occur Aliasing causes a false image to appear over the true image which is illustrated in Figures A and B Note the heavy diagonal bars over the narrow bars in Figure A and the cross hatch patterns in Figure B You can reduce this problem by scanning at a much higher resolution or selecting the Screen Removal option of the Image Enhancement filter Figure A Figure B Figure A Bars at 10 50 and 96 lines per inch scanned at 200 dpi with Fine Line enhancement Figure B 120 dpi screen scanned at 200 dpi with Fine Line enhancement NOTE 1 line per inch 2 dots per inch E 24 A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 Use of the Halftone Removal option lowers the resolution of the image so it is lower than the scan resolution The associated loss in resolution may not be acceptable for all applications Figures C and D illustrate the effect of Halftone Removal on the aliasing patterns Figure C Figure D Figure C Bars at 10 50 and 96 lines per inch lpi scanned at 200 dpi with Halftone Removal Figure D 120 dpi screen scanned at 200 dpi with Halftone Removal NOTE 1 lines per inch 2 do
32. cuted SCSI Send command with 4HA Host executes SCSI Send command with 1HA Scanner is in Mode 1 Host executes SCSI Send command with 2FX300BX4JA Host executed SCSI Send command with 4HA Host executes SCSI Send command with 1HA Parameter default value The value s may be saved to the current mode or any of the other modes A 61124 March 1999 6 17 Recommended usage of scanner unique commands The recommended method of downloading and saving image processing parameters when using scanner unique commands is to use a SCSI Send command to transmit all desired parameter changes and a Define Mode JA command to permanently store the parameter changes in a specified mode This method significantly reduces SCSI overhead For example Using one SCSI Send command 250BX1FX180JX60KX5LX1NX2TX1JA will set the scan resolution to 250 dpi set the compression to Group III one dimensional set the threshold to 180 set the scan contrast to 60 set the dither pattern to a 4 level Bayer dither set the noise filter to remove noise reduction set the simplex duplex status to two sided save the parameter values in Mode 1 6 18 A 61124 March 1999 7 The Diagnostic Interface J45 COIN3 This chapter describes the communications between the scanner and an RS 232 terminal which may used to receive diagnostic information Usage The diagnostic interface also referred to as COIN3 may be used to receive dia
33. d values based upon a range of gray shades as opposed to thresholded images in which each pixel is either black or white Gray levels Discrete shades of gray Halftone image Refers to a printed image that simulates a continuous tone image The simulation is achieved by using a series of dot patterns Newsprint pictures are an example of halftoned images Header Contains information associated with the raster image file Consists of fixed fields provided by the host computer and scanner determined dynamic fields image sequence number image size in bytes image level Image address Contains fixed and dynamic information which can be used for image retrieval Initiator A SCSI device usually a host that requests an operation to be performed by another SCSI device A 61124 March 1999 Multilevel indexing A method of organizing documents in a structured manner when one type of document is associated with a particular level and another type of document is associated with another level of greater or lesser importance For example an insurance application with batches associated with Level 3 claims associated with Level 2 and claim attachments associated with Level 1 Noise Small dots or specks that appear in the background of an image These specks increase file compression size and usually contain no image information Noise filter Reduces random noise on bi tonal images by converting a black pixel surrou
34. dows multiplied by the window descriptor length single window 46 bytes all windows simplex 874 bytes all windows duplex 1748 bytes Window Descriptor 46 Length of a single window descriptor Length A 61124 March 1999 5 13 Get Window descriptor bytes Bivgye 7 e 5 4 3 2 1 0o MSB X Resolution LSB MSB Y Resolution LSB Upper Left X Upper Left Y NIN o LSB Bits Per Pixel 7 MSB Halftone Pattern Padding Type MSB Bit Ordering 22 23 24 25 26 D LSB ww N LSB ompression Type Compression Argument 34 38 44 Reserved Border Deskew reduction 32 33 tee OT 6 8 feo 20 at 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 32 ae 34 39 5 14 A 61124 March 1999 Get Window Parameters data Descriptor Daa Deimmon SFFFFF00 S Side 0 Front 1 Rear FFFFF Mode 0 18 Auto O Auto windows not supported Y Resolution Js o T O Brightness 0 sf Automatic brightness not supported _ Threshold f 0t0255 Contrast 0t0255 PO Image Composition 00H 01H OOH Bi level default 01H Dithered see halftone pattern Bits per Pixel 1 Only one bit available 8 bits internal Halftone Pattern 0to7 ATP On 0 2 level screen no screen ATP Off 1 16 level screen 2 32 level screen 3 64 level screen 4 3 level screen 5 4 level Bayer Dither 6 16 lev
35. e sets the central pixel value in a matrix according to the majority of white or black pixels in a matrix NOTES e Using the Noise filter on documents containing very fine detail e g the dot on an i in 4 point type may cause information to be lost It is recommended that you do not use the Noise filter when scanning documents with text smaller than 7 point type e Using the Noise filter in conjunction with an appropriate threshold value will optimize the appearance of images e Do not use the Noise filter with screening or error diffusion mixed mode Refer to Chapter 6 Scanner unique Commands for a description of the NX Y Z command This document has a significant amount of background noise mL EAE ee a A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 E 7 This is the same document using the Remove Lone Pixel Noise filter to suppress the background noise TY iE A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 Resolution The resolution of a scanned image is defined by the number of pixels per inch also known as dots per inch or dpi that are used to create the image The scanner is capable of producing document images of varying resolutions For example if the desired resolution is 100 dpi and the scanner uses a base resolution of 200 dpi and the desired 100 dpi resolution is achieved by scaling down from 200 dpi There is at least one base resolution for the scanner The base resolution is scaled down to achieve all other resolut
36. e Header Format 91 92 93 94 95 97 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 4111 112 11 114 115 116 117 118 119 3 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 14 144 145 146 147 148 149 3 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 17 174 175 176 177 178 179 3 Ae REE E E E E ecco 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 23 234 235 236 237 238 239 3 nu Null 00H Lf Line Feed OAH Blank Blank 20H NOTE Resolution reported will be actual rounded to the nearest 10 dpi 3 6 A 61124 March 1999 Retrieving images and headers Headers and images are transferred to the host system via the SCSI Read command The data can be transferred in one of three forms header only image only or compound image i e header with image To determine the form set the transfer type within the SCSI Read command The image can be read in one of two ways e Read the header then read the image e Read the compound image IMPORTANT The header should always be read before the image The header contains information pertinent to the successful transfer of the image e g image size and should be read prior to reading the image The following table illustrates the results
37. e images with different Sequential ID Numbers and image addresses Follow these steps to use the Batch offline method 1 Remove the stack of successfully scanned documents from the exit hopper 2 Take the last three or four documents from the top of the stack and put them into the feed tray or at the top of the next stack of documents 3 Begin scanning the documents A 61124 March 1999 3 Image Headers Image header contents This chapter provides an overview of the type of information generated during the scanning process and how to retrieve images and headers The scanner collects the following information for each document scanned Document number Sequential ID Number The scanner assigns a unique Sequential ID Number to each document This number may be initialized by the host computer using a scanner unique command Image size The scanner records the number of bytes required to store the scanned document image Document level The scanner assigns a document level to the scanned document in one of the following ways e Press one of the Level Keys I Il III on the control panel e Execute function code F94 Level 1 F95 Level 2 F96 Level 3 or F07 Level 0 e Use the Footswitch accessory if it is installed and enabled e Use a patch if the Patch Reader accessory is installed and enabled NOTE If you do not use one of the methods above to assign a document level the level will be determ
38. e made up of pixels represented by binary ones and zeros Gray levels discrete shades of gray Gray scale images an image that consists of pixels which are assigned values based upon a range of gray shades Halftone images the simulation of a continuous tone image by a printing process The simulation is achieved by using a series of dot patterns Newspaper photographs are an example of halftone images Noise background noise small dots or specks that appear in the background of a scanned image These specks increase file compression size and usually contain no image information Pixel a single picture element of a digitized image Pixels can be binary 1 bit pixel or gray multiple bits A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 E 1 Image processing capabilities Cropping Auto cropping Reverse imaging Simplex duplex selection This section describes the standard capabilities of the scanner Refer to the end of this section for information on how to use the Adaptive Threshold Processor accessory Cropping is a method of capturing a portion of the total document being scanned The host computer provides the scanner with the following information that defines which portion of the document is to be captured e Left margin the left most point is 6 inches 152 4 mm from the feeder transport centerline The left margin is defined as the distance from this point e Width the distance from the left mar
39. e number of gray shades increase the scanner s ability to retain tonal information increases For example 8 bits per pixel allows 256 shades levels of gray By increasing dpi and bits per pixel image quality improves but the digitized image file size increases In fact most scanned images are stored as a bi tonal single bit per pixel images A balance must be struck between image quality and file size There are many types of source documents Three common types of documents are described in this section An individual source document can contain more than one source image type For example a printed business form may contain computer generated printing Printed Images Printed images are those created by a printing press ink transfer process These images contain discrete levels of tone and space Discrete in tone means that there are a limited number of tone levels shades of color in the images Discrete in space means that image elements are printed by placing ink at specific points These may be random or patterned locations Examples of printed images include business forms newspapers and printed manuals Font size and line width largely control image quality The use of halftone printing screens which are printed using a series of small dots to create lighter colors can result in scanned image degradation due to aliasing and moir patterns The Evaluation criteria section describes aliasing and moir
40. ection 7 2 5 Command block descriptor Bit Byte a Operation Code 12H a e E C 6 VendorUnigue Reseved Feo Unk EVPD Not supported Page Code Not supported Allocation Length 0 56 If greater than 56 is specified only 56 bytes will be returned 0 0 Inquiry descriptor bytes ee a ee O e Ovesson EOMAVersion _ANSLAporoved Version e anc mesove Response Data Format Additional Length Reserved Reserved RelAdr WBus32 WBus16 Sync Linked Reserved Cmd Soft Queue Reset MSB Vendor Identification LSB 16 MSB Product Identification 31 MSB Product Revision Level LSB LSB Reserved Front Side Accessories 1 Reserved Front Side Accessories 2 Image 400 dpi ATP Manager Front Front Front Reserved Rear Side Accessories 1 Reserved Rear Side Accessories 2 Image 400 dpi ATP Manager Rear Rear Rear Reserved Vendor Specific A 61124 March 1999 5 17 Inquiry data Descrip Data pennon c S dSSSSCSC S S Peripheral Device 06H Scannerdei Remove Medium oo Norema 02H Duplex front and rear Asynchronous Event Set by initiators only Notification ANSI X3 131 2 Capability Format 3 Front ATP available Processor Rear i Adaptive Threshold 0 Processor Front 0 Rear ATP not available Rear ATP available 400 dpi 0 400 dpi not available Front Front 400 dpi available 400 dpi 400 dpi not available Rear
41. ed Occasionally the system enters the Status phase from the Command phase Refer to the section entitled SCSI status responses later in this chapter Message phase messages will be exchanged between the initiator and the target device A message is transmitted from the target device to the initiator indicating the completion of a command Refer to the section entitled SCSI message responses later in this chapter A 61124 March 1999 5 3 SCSI status responses In the SCSI communication mode a function is considered incomplete until a valid status response is received from the other end of the SCSI link There are three valid SCSI status responses Good Status OOH The frame was successfully received and individual fields within the frame contained legal characters Check Condition A special condition occurred A Status SCSI Request Sense command is required to obtain information about the cause of the condition Some host adapters automatically perform a Request Sense command Busy Status Target is unable to accept commands at the present time Host should try again The host should wait a minimum of 100 milliseconds before trying again NOTE H in the list above indicates hexadecimal notation 5 4 A 61124 March 1999 SCSI message responses Message Code Function Action SCSI Spec Ref Command 00H scanner gt host Scanner indicating the I O Section 5 6 5 Complete process is completed and a
42. el Bayer Dither 7 64 level Bayer Dither 1 RIF 0 1 0 zero white one black 1 zero black one white default i 00H Padding Type Pad with Os cannot be disabled Bit Ordering 0000H Always scans left to right top to bottom 0001H Data packing within a byte bit ordering is selectable 0000H msb right lsb left 0001H msb left lsb right default Compression Type 00H no compression 01H TSS Group III 1 Dimensional 02H TSS Group III 2 Dimensional 03H TSS Group IV Compression Argument 000 255 K parameter value for TSS Group III 2 Dimensional Image Enhancement 0 2 3 0 2 3 no filter all pass Filter 1 1 halftone removal Measurement unit for scan region parameters is 1 1200 inch 0 0212 mm Halftone Pattern is automatically set to 0 if Image Composition is 0 t If all four parameters are zero auto cropping is selected kk A 61124 March 1999 5 15 Descriptor Daa Doinionn O Noise Filter 0 no filter 1 remove lone pixels 2 majority rule No Scan No scan off scanning enabled No scan on scanning disabled Border Reduction Border Reduction disabled Border Reduction enabled Skew Correction Skew Correction enabled Skew Correction disabled Status indicated is the requested state If auto cropping is enabled Border Reduction is ignored See the Y X Y Z Command description 5 16 A 61124 March 1999 Inquiry command Command op code 12H SCSI Specification S
43. es noise caused by the halftone screen Refer to Chapter 6 Scanner unique Commands for a description of the MX Y Z command A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 Mixed mode Error diffusion Mixed mode Error diffusion processing screens photographic areas of a document to simulate gray levels yet sharpens the edges of text It is recommended that mixed mode error diffusion be used when a mix of text graphs pictures and colors in the documents are being scanned Mixed mode Error diffusion is not directly selectable It is the result of various image processing parameters being set at a specific value or within a specific range of values Refer to Appendix D Image Processing Parameter Defaults for more information e Threshold of 100 to 120 e Contrast greater than zero e Screen of 3 4 16 32 or 64 e Any of the Image Enhancements filters e Noise filter disabled NOTE When mixed mode error diffusion and Compression are used together negative compression less than 1 1 is more likely to occur A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 Noise filter The scanner uses two types of Noise filters Remove Lone Pixel and Majority Rule Use the Noise filter to increase the compression ratio and improve the appearance of document images e Remove Lone Pixel reduces random noise on bi tonal images by converting a single black pixel surrounded by white to white or by converting a single white pixel surrounded by black to black e Majority Rul
44. et only for the next document to be scanned The operator can execute function code F74 to momentarily set the flag and feed the document The flag is automatically reset for the next document Compression type The scanner records the compression type used which is determined by either the mode definition or by the mode definition override Date The scanner records the date the document is scanned Time The scanner records the time the document is scanned Resolution The scanner records the selected scanned image resolution Bit order The scanner records the selected bit order Skew Detection If the Advanced Document Controller accessory is installed and enabled the scanner records whether or not a skew error was detected Polarity The scanner records the image polarity A 61124 March 1999 Bar code header information If the Bar Code Accessory is installed and enabled and a bar code is detected on the document the decoded information is included in the image header Bar code information can contain a maximum of 106 ASCII characters e 80 characters of actual data e 9 delimiters e a colon e 14 bytes of image address information e a line feed e a null terminator Samples lt Bar Code gt lt lA gt lt line feed gt lt null gt lt Bar Code 1 gt lt Bar Code 2 gt lt Bar Code 3 gt lt lA gt lt line feed gt lt null gt When using bar code some situations may require evaluation of Image Header d
45. eter e permanently change a group of parameters Temporary individual parameter overrides are performed by sending a single scanner unique command using a single SCSI Send command The temporary parameter change remains in effect until one of the following occurs e a new value for the same parameter is sent e the parameter value s are saved to a mode e change to another mode e a SCSI or power on reset occurs The following table illustrates how the use of a single scanner unique command can temporarily override a current mode parameter RESULT ACTION Host executes SCSI Send 2 200 command with 2FX Host executes SCSI Send 3 200 command with 4HA Host executes SCSI Send 3 200 command with 1HA Parameter default value Temporarily overriding a group of parameters Temporary group parameter overrides are performed by sending a string of scanner unique commands using a single SCSI Send command The temporary parameter changes remain in effect until one of the following occurs e an individual parameter value is sent changing only that parameter value e the parameter value s is saved to a mode or you change to another mode e a SCSI or power on reset occurs A 61124 March 1999 6 15 The following table illustrates how the use of a string of scanner unique commands can temporarily override current mode parameters RESULT ACTION Host executes SCSI Send command 2 300 with 2FX300BX Host executes SCS
46. ferred to as an ordered dither Seed A Sequential ID Number sent from the host to the scanner which will be used as the first number for the document image number Small computer system interface SCSI Evolving industry ANSI standard that facilitates communication between computers and their SCSI intelligent peripherals The scanner transmits digitized image data to the appropriate host subsystem via the SCSI bus The interface supports two way command data communication between the scanner and the host The SCSI 2 command set is supported as well as a set of scanner unique commands Thresholding The conversion of a gray scale image into a bi tonal 1 bit pixel image Thresholding techniques include fixed adaptive screen and mixed A 61124 March 1999 Appendix B Reference Materials Ordering publications A 61124 March 1999 The following publications are available for the Kodak Digital Science Document Scanner 9500 A 61092 User s Guide A 61124 Integrator s Guide A 61094 Installation Planning and System Maintenance Guide A 61097 Installation Questionnaire Instructions Mode Setup Software Accessory specific A 61099 Bar Code Made Easy A 61599 Patch Code Information for Kodak Digital Science Products United States and Canada Provide the quantity publication name and number name and phone number of caller purchase order number billing address and ship to address e Place telephone request
47. g zeros in the K factor data field are required GC Last image The GC command requests return of the last scanned document s address image address to the SCSI host Data Field Command Field The information returned is in the following format Data Field Command Field Image Image address of the last scanned see NOTE Address document image NOTE The current application mode determines the image address format A 61124 March 1999 6 7 GX End of job HA Set mode HC Next image address The GX command initiates the scanner End of Job sequence This sequence includes e turning off the feeder e flushing the transport e turning off the transport e disabling scanning NOTE The image buffer is not cleared Data Field Command Field none x The HA command changes the current scanner configuration to the configuration defined by the specified application mode Data Field Command Field NOTE Only one Set Mode command may be sent with each SCSI Send command The HC command sets the image address for the next document Data Field Command Field Data Field Description Value s STX start of transmission indicator Image the image address which is to be see Address assigned to the next document NOTES ETX end or transmission indicator NOTES e The image address format must be compatible with the current application mode It must be sent to the scanner as if it were entered on the scan
48. gin e Top margin the distance from the leading edge of the document e Length the distance from the top margin Refer to Chapter 6 Scanner unique Commands for a description of the AX Y Z command This option is only available for Document Scanners with the Kodak Digital Science mage Manager accessory installed not the Scanner Microimager 990 The Image Manager provides border detection for use with auto cropping Auto cropping locates the edges in both the x and y direction of documents and outputs the actual size of the document that was scanned The host computer provides information to the scanner defining whether the image should be stored in standard or reverse polarity Default polarity is black on a white background white 0 Reverse polarity is white on a black background white 1 Refer to Chapter 6 Scanner unique Commands for a description of the SX Y Z command The host computer provides information to the scanner defining whether to scan one or both sides of the document s Simplex indicates only one side the front side of the document s will be scanned creating a single image header and a single page image Duplex indicates both sides of the document s will be scanned creating two image headers and two page images Refer to Chapter 6 Scanner unique Commands for a description of the TX command E 2 A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 Compression Compression is used to reduce the number
49. gnostic messages This interface may be used as a diagnostic tool during product development and integration The diagnostic port is labeled J45 on the rear panel of the scanner Protocol The RS 232 communications protocol is e 9600 baud without the Image Manager accessory 19 200 baud with the Image Manager accessory e 8 bits e 1 start stop bit e No parity e No handshake on DTR CTS A standard RS 232 interface is used Pinouts The diagnostic port J45 has the following pinouts 25 pin female DB 25 Connector Pin J45 Signal s 2 TxD 3 RxD 5 CTS 7 GND 20 DTR Sample interfaces This section illustrates the connection between the scanner diagnostic port J45 and the serial port of a personal computer FROM TO FROM TO Scanner PC serial port Scanner PC serial port 25 pin male 9 pin female 25 pin male 25 pin female 8 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 6 4 5 4 7 5 3 5 20 6 20 6 5 7 7 7 4 8 6 20 22 9 A 61124 March 1999 7 1 Appendix A Glossary Batch A number of documents to be scanned as a group Bi tonal image An unscreened image that consists of pixels which are either black or white 1 bit pixel as opposed to gray scale screened images which consist of pixels which are assigned a value based upon a range of gray shades Calibration An operation that determines any system nonuniformity for which the scanner must compensate during scanning The unit must be calibra
50. h can be transferred is 256 A 61124 March 1999 5 25 Using the Send Scanner unique commands may be sent to the scanner during the command for scanner Data Transfer phase of a SCSI Send command unique commands IMPORTANT The Transfer Type field must be set to 80H The following tables illustrate how a scanner unique DA command with a data field of 345 6 would be sent Command block Byte Hexadecimal Number Description Value Operation Code Send Logical Unit Number 1 and Reserved 0 Transfer Type Scanner Unique Command Reserved 0 Transfer Identification MSB not used Transfer Identification LSB not used Transfer Length MSB 0 Transfer Length 0 Transfer Length LSB 7 Vendor Unique Reserved Flag Link 0 Information sent during Data Transfer phase Byte Hexadecimal Number Description Value 0 Scanner unique Data Field 3 Scanner unique Data Field 4 Scanner unique Data Field 5 Scanner unique Data Field Scanner unique Data Field 6 Scanner unique Command Field D Scanner unique Command Field A Transfer Length MSB 0 5 26 A 61124 March 1999 Test Unit Ready command Command op code 00H SCSI Specification Section 7 2 17 Command block eee Bit Byte Ea Operation Code 00H A 61124 March 1999 5 27 6 Scanner unique Commands Scanner unique command format This chapter provides information about the scanner unique commands used for communica
51. ical Unit Failed Self configuration front 4C 00 Logical Unit Failed Self configuration rear w 80 00 No data End of Job condition Scanner disabled due to end key 80 01 No data Fault recovery condition Scanner disabled due to previous error 80 02 No data Buffer empty 81 00 Buffer Fault Full 81 00 Buffer Fault Front Compression Error 81 00 Buffer Fault Rear Compression Error 81 01 Buffer Fault Document Queue Full 81 02 Front Image Lost document record without page detect 81 12 Rear Image Lost document record without page detect 81 03 Front Queue Error document count out of sync 81 13 Rear Queue Error document count out of sync 82 00 Machine Error Fault recovery required 83 00 Low Contrast Failure black front 83 10 Low Contrast Failure black rear 84 01 Calibration Failure ARC front 84 02 Calibration Failure dead pixels front 84 03 Calibration Failure hot pixels front 84 04 Calibration Failure low lamps front scan camera 84 04 Calibration Failure low lamps front DSA 84 05 Calibration Failure target not seen front 84 11 Calibration Failure ARC rear 84 12 Calibration Failure dead pixels rear 84 13 Calibration Failure hot pixels rear 84 14 Calibration Failure low lamps rear scan camera 84
52. ined by the mode defaults For example assume the mode defaults assign a Level 2 to a document that follows a Level 3 document and a Level 1 to a document that follows a Level 2 document If the last document was assigned a Level 3 then the current document is assigned a Level 2 Mode The scanner records the current operating mode that was selected for the application Line length The scanner records the number of pixels per line in an image Page length The scanner records the number of lines per page in an image A 61124 March 1999 3 1 Image address The scanner assigns an image address to the scanned document The image address is based upon the index format defined in the current operating mode and the document level assigned to the document Refer to Appendix C Assigning Image Addresses for additional information Header flags The scanner records any flags that have been set for special consideration For example a document image that may need to go through a quality assurance check can be denoted by setting a flag via the scanner control panel There are two types of flags e Latched flags A latched flag is enabled and remains set until it is disabled In this case the operator can execute function code F73 and feed a set of documents A flag is placed in the header of all documents scanned until the operator executes function code F73 to disable or reset the flag e Momentary flag A momentary flag is s
53. ing to the instructions found in the Kodak Digital Science Scanner 9500 User s Guide A 61124 March 1999 2 1 Enable scanning Initiate polling Feed documents Disable scanning Error handling The host must issue a SCSI Scan command XX to enable scanning before documents can be transported through the scanner If scanning has not been enabled the feeder and transport system will not turn on Initiate host system polling of the scanner to ensure scanned document images are transferred from the image buffer to the host system Polling should continue until scanning is disabled Feed documents according to the instructions found in the Kodak Digital Science Document Scanner 9500 User s Guide Scanning is disabled to allow the host to download configuration setup changes between jobs and to handle certain types of errors Scanning is disabled when one of the following conditions occur e The scanner is first powered on using the main power switch e A SCSI bus device Reset command is executed e An End of Job indicator is sent by the operator from the scanner control panel e A scanner unique End of Job command GX is issued by the host computer e An error occurs requiring fault recovery e The scanner portion of the machine has not been calibrated NOTE Once scanning has been disabled documents cannot be scanned until the host enables scanning by issuing a SCSI Scan command The scanner recognizes and rep
54. instructed to do so for a particular command e Limited auditing of the data fields is performed Invalid data in a data field may cause unexpected results A 61124 March 1999 Command summary The following table provides a summary of all available scanner unique commands Detailed descriptions of each command appear on the pages indicated Machine Level Commands May be used with Description Command SCSI SCSI Page Send Read EX es No No No No es No No No No Setup Bit Order Count Only Mode MC Sequential ID DC Initiator Define Mode JA Set Mode HA Last Image Address GC No Level of Next NF Yes 6 8 6 7 6 12 Document Control Clear Buffers CX Yes 6 5 End of Job GX Yes 6 8 Next Image HC Yes 6 8 Address Mode Level Commands May be used with Description Command SCSI SCSI Page Send Read Scanner Configuration No Scan DX Yes Yes 6 6 Simplex Duplex TX Yes Yes 6 13 Status Yes Image Processing Commands Border Reduction YXIYIZ Compression FX Y Z Cropping Auto AX Y Z Cropping Dither Pattern LX Y Z Screen Image MX Y Z Enhancement Filter Noise Filter NX Y Z Reverse Image SX Y Z Scan Contrast KX Y Z Scan Resolution BX Y Z Scan Threshold JX Y Z Skew Correction WX Y Z NOTE Image processing parameter defaults vary from mode to mode Refer to Appendix D Image Processing Parameter Defauults to determine the default s 6 2 A 61124 March 1999 There are three types of image processing comm
55. ions Resolution Base Resolution dpi Document Scanner 9500 70 to 200 200 210 to 300 300 Document Scanner 5500 70 to 200 200 210 to 300 300 Document Scanner 7500 70 to 200 200 210 to 300 300 Document Scanner 67 to 200 200 Microimager 990 Actual resolution will be rounded to the nearest 10 pixels per inch For example if 67 dpi is requested the scanner rounds the resolution to 70 dpi If 202 dpi is requested the scanner rounds the resolution to 200 dpi NOTE An Image Enhancement filter may only be specified when using a base resolution If any other resolution is used the Image Enhancement filter is automatically set to option 1 Halftone Removal low pass filter Refer to Chapter 6 Scanner unique Commands for a description of the BX Y Z command A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 E 9 Screening Dithering Screening dithering is a method used to simulate gray levels Screening is expressed in terms of levels ranging from 2 level to 64 level with several levels in between Screening is a process that groups neighboring pixels together into a super pixel The size of the super pixel is determined by the screening level chosen i e when a 64 level screen is chosen the super pixel contains 64 pixels the super pixel is 8 pixels wide and 8 pixels high Each pixel within the super pixel is assigned a value either black or white It is the ratio of black pixels to white pixels within the super pixel which simula
56. is returned on the Test Unit Ready command A good status indicates no errors current or deferred are pending IMPORTANT f at any point the host receives a Check Condition for a command and fails to issue a subsequent Request Sense command the scanner will clear all current and deferred Sense data Some error conditions disable scanning and cause the document transport to stop These errors are reported on the scanner control panel This is done to prevent additional images from entering the image buffer while allowing the host to perform fault recovery activities To aid in fault recovery the information bytes of the Request Sense data will contain a Sequential ID Number for the approximate image upon which the error occurred NOTE The scanner cannot determine exactly which images were affected by the error and which images were not If an error occurs that disables the scanner the host can continue to read images from the image buffer without enabling the scanner However when the image buffer has been emptied an error will be generated indicating fault recovery is required This differentiates between an end of job disable and a disable caused by an error The operator may continue scanning documents after the host enables the scanner A 61124 March 1999 2 3 Fault recovery Interactive online method Batch offline method Fault recovery methods are required when unanticipated circumstances interrupt scanning such
57. jE verag unin wey Laddos Tate Blizz 4 A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 Image enhancement filters Image Enhancement filters are used to optimize certain maximum characteristics The following Image Enhancement filter options are available for the scanner microimager 990 only e No all pass filter used when no enhancement to an image is necessary e Fine Line high pass filter used to accentuate the fine details of an image This filter is typically used to enhance the detail of an image which contains small print i e point type This filter may inadvertently accentuate background noise e Text band pass filter used to enhance text in an image This filter is typically used when scanning documents containing fine lines or small print 4 point type This filter effectively reduces background noise e Halftone Removal low pass filter used to enhance images containing dot matrix text and or images printed with shaded or colored backgrounds using halftone screens This filter effectively reduces background noise The following Image Enhancement filter options are available for the Document Scanners 5500 7500 9500 series e No all pass filter used when no enhancement to an image is necessary e Halftone Removal low pass filter used to enhance images containing dot matrix text and or images printed with shaded or colored backgrounds using halftone screens This filter effectively eliminat
58. mended settings for your application document type not necessary if the default settings are used e Scan several samples of the application documents e Evaluate the document images If the quality of the document image is not satisfactory change one or more of the parameter settings slightly and scan the sample application documents again Continue this process until the desired image quality is obtained In addition to the default and recommended image processing parameter settings sample image processing parameters are provided in Appendix E Image Processing The sample image processing parameter settings may be used as guidelines when establishing the desired image processing parameter settings if your application document type is similar to the sample images D 1 Table D 1 Scanner 9500 with the Image Manager Default image processing parameters Modes Modes Modes Modes Modes Modes Modes Parameter Command 1 5 9 13 17 2 6 10 14 18 3 7 11 15 4 8 12 16 Scan X amp Y BX Y Z 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 Resolution Cropping AX Y Z auto crop auto crop auto crop auto crop Parameters x start x length y start y length Threshold Pattern Enhancement Filter MX Y Z 0 no filter O no filter 1 halftone 1 halftone 0 no filter 0 no filter 0 no filter removal removal Compression Type FX Y Z Group IV Group IV Group IV Group IV Group IV Group IV Group IV reduction reduction D 2 A
59. nd command queuing are not supported e Programmable target ID dip switch is factory set to 1 e RST signal reset is only monitored See the hard reset alternative in SCSI Specifications Section 5 2 2 1 e The scanner supports Unit Attention condition following power up SCSI bus device reset command or hard reset Refer to Section 6 13 of SCSI Specifications e The scanner operates as a target e The internal SCSI cable consumes 5 feet 1 5 meters of the maximum cable length allowed 19 7 feet 6 meters e The scanner provides termination power 5 6 A 61124 March 1999 SCSI commands This section lists the SCSI commands that the scanner supports Information for each command includes e Command format operation codes op codes e Section numbers to reference in the SCSI 2 Specifications e Command block descriptor e Command specifics parameters Command Op Command Page Number Code Get Window 25H Read 28H SCSI command summary Request Sense 03H Send 2AH Test Unit Ready 00H A 61124 March 1999 5 7 Define Window Parameters command Command op code 24H SCSI Specification Section 14 2 1 Command block descriptor Operation Code 24H 0 Transfer Length E al zS NOTE For single sided documents a single Define Window Parameters command should be sent For two sided documents two Define Window Parameters commands should be sent one containing information for the front and one c
60. nded by white pixels to white or a white pixel surrounded by black pixels to black Patch A coded grouping of wide and narrow bars that are preprinted on documents Patches are read by an optional Patch R eader and signal a level change for that document or the next document See Multilevel indexing Pixel A picture element A binary or multi bit value which represents a spot on a target document The more pixels the higher the resolution Point The basic unit of type measurement which determines the character height 1 point 1 72 of an inch Point Size Font 4 Kodak Digital Scienc Document Scanner Products 6 Kodak Digital Science Document Scanner Products 7 Kodak Digital Science Document Scanner Products 9 Kodak Digital Science Document Scanner Products 10 Kodak Digital Science Document Scanner Products 12 Kodak Digital Science Document Scanner Products A 61124 March 1999 A 3 Scaling Method used to obtain output resolutions other than the base resolution of the scanner Can be done only from a higher resolution to a lower resolution Scanner unique command Allows the host computer and the scanner to communicate with each other Scanner unique commands must be in the format described in this manual Screening Creates a pseudo gray scale image and the electronic equivalent of the technique newspapers use to print pictures Recommended for continuous tone photographic images Also re
61. ner operator control panel It should only be sent when the scanner is idle e STX and ETX are optional when specifying numeric only image addresses If the image address contains upper case alphabetic characters STX and ETX must be used A 61124 March 1999 JA Define mode The JA command alters the preprogrammed application mode by storing the current operating mode in its place After the current operating mode has been stored as one of the 18 application modes it can be selected in one of two ways the operator can select it by entering function code F01 on the scanner operator control panel or the scanner unique Set Mode HA command may be used Data Field Command Field JA command Example 1 e Mode 4 is the current application mode e The host executes the following FX command to disable compression CHAR When Mode 4 is selected from the scanner operator control panel all of the features of the mode that were available prior to the execution of the FX command described above remain unchanged except compression which is now disabled If the host had not executed the JA command following the FX command when the operator selects Mode 4 from the operator control panel ALL features of the mode that were available prior to the execution of the FX command described above would remain unchanged including compression A 61124 March 1999 6 9 JX Y Z Scan threshold JA command Example 2 e Mode 4 is the
62. oimager which are controlled by the host computer and methods for evaluating digitally scanned images A 61124 March 1999 2 Scanning Concepts This chapter provides an overview of the scanning process a discussion of error conditions and two methods of fault recovery Scanning documents Follow this sequence to scan documents set up the scanner enable scanning initiate polling feed documents and disable scanning Setup To set up the scanner 1 Determine and select the mode configuration to be used for the current application The mode may be selected by the host computer using a scanner unique command HA or by the operator using the scanner control panel 2 Determine if any changes to the Image Processing parameters need to be made for the current application Execute the required scanner unique command s to make the desired changes Image Processing parameter changes remain in effect until one of the following conditions occur The scanner is powered down using the main power switch A SCSI bus device Reset command is executed Asingle parameter change is overridden by another change to the same parameter 3 Set the Sequential ID Number Seed and or the Next Image Address using a scanner unique command DC and HC respectively if desired 4 Calibrate the scanner For procedures on how to do this see the Kodak Digital Science Scanner 9500 User s Guide 5 Prepare documents accord
63. ontaining information for the rear Define Window Parameters header be ee Byte o Reserved OO O elo ooo Reseved OO O MSB Window Descriptor Length LSB Define Window Parameters header data Window Descriptor Length Length of a single window descriptor 5 8 A 61124 March 1999 Define Window descriptor bytes Bebe oH 6 Sf ee ee MSB X Resolution LSB MSB Y Resolution LSB Upper Left X Upper Left Y NO PO ad 2 Bits Per Pixel 27 MSB Halftone Pattern 0o 6 E o 2 22 23 24 25 22 23 24 25 6 LSB Reserved Padding Type MSB Bit Ordering LSB 32 33 34 39 40 Noise Filter 44 Nise Fitter 42 Reserved Allow 0 No Scan 44 Reserved Border Deskew eduction A 61124 March 1999 5 9 Define Window Parameters data i Data FFFFF Mode 0 18 Auto o auo windows notsuppored 70 to 300 Document Scanner 9500 YResolution Detauts to X resolution i Length t 0 96 to 36000 0 or 0 08 to 30 inches 2 to 762 mm Brightness o Automatic brightness not supported Threshold 0 1 to 255 When zero and Allow Zero for Threshold amp Contrast is zero return to default value Contrast 0 1 to 255 Percentage of adaptive threshold When zero and Allow Zero for Threshold amp Contrast is zero return to default value Image Composition 00H 01H 00H Bi level default 01H Dithered see halftone
64. original and the scanner can be removed by using the Noise filter or by selecting the Halftone Removal option of the Image Enhancement filter In case of a dithered threshold screen or Mixed mode Error diffusion the intent is to create a large smooth transition region In this case the size of the transition range indicates the dynamic range of the system This is directly affected by the screen chosen and minimally by threshold and contrast values A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 E 26 Brightness Brightness indicates that calibration is functioning correctly and is directly affected by threshold Loss in brightness in a scanned image may indicate a need to recalibrate the scanner or to alter threshold values Brightness is measured using the step wedge by counting the number of black and white steps A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 E 27 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Document Imaging Rochester New York 14650 Kodak Digital Science and the ds monogram symbol are trademarks of Eastman Kodak Company Printed on recycled paper DOCUMENT A 61124 3 99 IMAGING KS Eastman Kodak Company 1999 Printed in U S A
65. orts a variety of error conditions Some errors are reported to either the host via the SCSI interface or the scanner control panel while others are reported to both the host and the scanner control panel An error via the SCSI interface is defined as either a current error or a deferred error A current error results from a problem in processing the current SCSI command This can include sending an invalid command trying to read from an empty image buffer or an end of job condition Since one or more errors may be pending at any time current errors are reported first A deferred error results from an error condition within the scanner such as a document jam Deferred errors that may have occurred are reported after current errors 2 2 A 61124 March 1999 When an error occurs the host will receive a SCSI Check Condition Status This indicates to the host that there may be one current error and potentially one or more deferred errors The host must follow a Check Condition Status with a SCSI Request Sense command The Sense data will indicate the type of error that has occurred To receive subsequent pending errors the host must execute a SCSI Test Unit Ready command If a deferred error is pending the Test Unit Ready command will terminate with a Check Condition Status The host follows with a SCSI Request Sense command The combination of Request Sense followed by Test Unit Ready must be repeated until a good status
66. owing table gives the position and the format of each piece of data placed in the image header Set by Dynamic Data Command 7 ASCII 10 Sequential ID Number a7 asore image Sze J 18 54 7 25 110 ASCII 9 Image Address Fixed Alpha Field 120 ASCII 10 Image Address Level 3 Field 131 ASCII 10 Image Address Level 2 Field 142 ASCII 10 Image Address Level 1 Field 175 Date Month 1 to 12 177 Date Day 1 to 31 179 Date Year 00 to 99 189 Time Hours 0 to 23 191 Time Minutes 0 to 59 193 Time Seconds 0 to 59 256 ASCII Bar Code Data 106 368 ASCII 2 Image Deskew Flagt ASCII 2 Skew Anglet t 0 No skew warning FX Y Z BX Y Z EX SX Y Z 1 Skew warning if Skew Detection accessory is installed If the Image Manager is installed 3 4 A 61124 March 1999 NOTES e The header created for a rear side image is identical to the header created for a front side image except for the literal value bytes 0 6 Front is replaced by Rear e Each piece of information collected during the scanning process is placed in an image header associated with the scanned document image two sided scanning produces two image headers and two images per document one per side e The image header consists of 512 bytes The header format is identical for all modes The format is illustrated on the next page A 61124 March 1999 3 5 Default Imag
67. pattern Bits per Pixel C Only one bit available 8 bits internal Halftone Pattern 0 to 7 ATP On 0 2 level screen no screen ATP Off 1 16 level screen 2 32 level screen 3 64 level screen 4 3 level screen 5 4 level Bayer dither 6 16 level Bayer dither 7 64 level Bayer dither 1 RIF 0 0 zero white one black 1 zero black one white default Padding Type Pad with Os cannot be disabled Measurement unit for scan region parameters is 1 1200 inch 0 0212 mm Image Composition Halftone Pattern Result 00 any Halftone Pattern gt 0 00 0 No dithering ATP or fixed threshold 01 any Dither using specified halftone pattern 01 0 Image Composition gt 0 Ifthe Digital Science Image Manager is installed and enabled and all four parameters are 0 auto cropping is selected If the Digital Science Image Manager is not installed and enabled 0000 should not be used 5 10 A 61124 March 1999 Descriptor Data J Domin SSCS Bit Ordering 0000H Always scans left to right top to bottom 0001H Data packing within a byte bit ordering is selectable 0000H msb right lsb left 0001H msb left lsb right default Compression Type 00H no compression 01H TSS Group Ill 1 dimensional 02H TSS Group III 2 dimensional 03H TSS Group IV Compression 000 255 K parameter value for TSS Group III Argument 2 Dimensional Image Enhancement 0 2 3 0 2 3 no filter all pass Filter 1 1
68. ple shows how the DC command could be used The host application wants the starting image Sequential ID Number document count to be 101 The Sequential ID Initiator command must enter a value one less than the desired starting value to start with 101 the cnt value must be 100 jcHnR 1 0 o 9 p c A 61124 March 1999 6 5 DX No scan The DX command enables or disables scanning for the current mode Data Field Command Field ee ed i stat no scan off scanning enabled no scan on scanning disabled EX Bit order The EX command defines the bit order within a byte of image data Data Field Command Field Data Field a ee Value s order e most significant bit msb to the right e least significant bit Isb to the left TTT Tr e most significant bit msb to the left default e least significant bit Isb to the right mb tsb 6 6 A 61124 March 1999 FX Y Z Compression The FX Y Z command defines the compression for the current mode It allows the optional specification of a K factor for Group Ill two dimensional compression Data Field Command Field cmp K factor opt X IY Z Group IIl compression two dimensional Group IV compression K factor K factor only has meaning when using 000 infinity Group III two dimensional compression to 255 If Group III two dimensional is specified without a K factor the K factor will default to 4 NOTE Leadin
69. s For special applications change the contrast and threshold settings to optimize image quality Examples are provided below ATP Contrast settings The contrast feature enhances the edges contained in an image Edges typically represent transitions between foreground and background information such as the transition from background to faint text Contrast can have a value between 0 and 100 with a default value of 62 The higher the contrast level the more the enhancement of the image edges For example you may want to increase the contrast on a document that has a light gray background and light pencil marks A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 E 13 Image A was processed using a contrast value of 50 Image B was processed using a contrast value of 80 Compare the two images Notice the word four in blocks 5 6 7 and 8 was not visible in Image A but is visible in Image B Thus the increased contrast value provided more legible text Image A ONE one ONE one ONE one ONE one ONE one TWO wo TWO wo TWO wo TWO wo TWO wo HREE three HREE mirre THREE tHree THREE three THREE tHree OUR Four oe FOUR toun FOUR Four ONE one ONE one ONE one TWO wo TWO wo TWO wo THREE THREE THREE THREE THREE turee FOUR roan FOUR Four 6 4 2 1 ONE one A ONE one TWO wo TWO wo HREE THREE HREE THREE THREE tHree OUR rour FOUR rour ONE one ONE one TWO wo 1 TWO wo HREE tance THREE THRE
70. s toll free between 8 00 AM and 8 00 PM EST Monday through Friday 1 888 247 1234 e Facsimile requests should be sent 1 800 535 4622 All other regions Parts tools and publications are available through local channels B 1 Appendix C Assigning Image Addresses An image address may contain up to 15 characters consisting of a maximum of 12 digits and a maximum of 3 delimiters You must define the following four fields e Field A represents Level 1 Its value is incremented when a document is assigned Level 1 e Field B represents Level 2 Its value is incremented when a document is assigned Level 2 In addition the value of Field A is reset to zero e Field C represents Level 3 Its value is incremented when a document is assigned Level 3 e Fixed Field contains fixed information typically the date Example 0301 02 001 000 where Field A contains 000 Field B contains 001 Field C contains 02 Fixed Field contains 0301 The image address field lengths depend upon the Index Format you select e Single Level Format Field A is defined as having a field length greater than zero Field B is defined as having a field length of zero Field C is defined as having a field length of zero Fixed Field may be defined if desired Example FFFFFF AAAAAA e Two Level Offset Format Field A is defined as having a field length of zero Field B is defined as having a field length greater than zero Field C is defined
71. shold is programmable over the entire density range Fixed thresholding may be applied by setting the contrast to zero e Adaptive thresholding automatically adjusts the threshold level as the background level of the document s changes Use of adaptive thresholding improves low contrast images and suppresses background Edges within an image and other fine details are emphasized as the contrast level is increased The scanner uses two dimensional adaptive thresholding the threshold for a particular pixel is determined by comparison to neighboring pixels pixels that are located perpendicular and parallel to the paper path Use adaptive thresholding to enhance documents printed on colored paper documents containing colored or multi colored areas low contrast documents fine line documents Adaptive thresholding may be applied by setting the scan contrast to a value greater than 0 the Dither Pattern Screen to 2 level and the Image Enhancement filter to 0 no filter A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 E 11 This document was scanned using a high threshold value of 170 FET EP REE Yea MAROFSNT AJKLPYZ BES PP GHSRUY 7H SWAY F AWRLGCESUNE TOE SELTHT IMOEE AVE TELTET jem cchesapoake ES AAC E RG DRI AR SPOR STIS nY iabsd tehiiklrrasarst Wveasped 2sfigr ae JIR G ABULF Hi gt h JE LANOPGR STUY Way ubede fe dik Lorwpes en Dae pin PODTLCA s PETCEFEGHIJELNOPQESTIVWAYI ahad fghi jk lmnpyesLuvwaya 7
72. st Unit Attention Aborted Command Volume overflow buffer overflow SCO00000 DWaaAKRND ASO TILTILIL 0 I Information Bytes residue Difference between the requested bytes and the actual bytes of data received when ILI is on image Sequential Image ID Number of approximate image where Check Condition occurred Additional Length Additional bytes of sense data 17 7 Cmd Spec Info s0 S se fe Code Qualifier Fut G Unt SSSCSC swo o oo Eo o os Sense Key Speciio noua O ooo 5 22 A 61124 March 1999 Additional Info Scanner Disabled Error Sense Sense Bytes Recovery Fatal Calibration Control Code Qualifier Description Seq Id Required Error Required Panel 00 00 No additional information 20 00 Invalid command operation code 20 80 Invalid scanner unique command 20 82 Invalid scanner unique command unknown error 20 83 Invalid scanner unique command unknown command 20 84 Scanner unique command executed at wrong time 20 85 Invalid scanner unique command bad data 20 86 Invalid scanner unique command wrong model 20 87 Invalid scanner unique command accessory not available 20 88 Internal communications failure during scanner unique command processing 20 89 Internal processor failure during scanner unique command processing 24 00 Invalid parameter in Command Data Block CDB 25 00 Unsupported Logical Unit 29 00 Power on Reset 47 00 Parity Error on SCSI 4C 00 Log
73. tart location is to be 2 Y inches from the left margin enter 0275 The scanner automatically rounds each value entered to the nearest 0 08 inch xs xl and ys fields or to the nearest 0 08 inch plus one line for the yl field e The sum of xs and xl cannot exceed 1200 e Document length checking see the User s Guide is not available for lengths greater than 20 inches A 61124 March 1999 BX Y Z Scan resolution The BX Y Z command defines scanning resolution for the current mode Data Field Command Field res B xyz Data Field Value s res scan resolution in dots per inch 70 to 300 Values must be specified in increments of 10 dpi If not values will be rounded to the nearest 10 dpi by the scanner NOTE Leading zeros are not permitted CX Clear buffers The CX command resets the image buffer and initializes the Sequential ID Number to 1 This command is intended for use only during integration testing and should not be used in a production scanning application IMPORTANT Executing the CX command may cause images in the buffer to be lost Similarly if the command is executed while there are documents in the transport the new images may also be lost Data Field Command Field none DC Sequential ID The DC command is used to set the Sequential ID Number initiator document count Data Field Command Field cnt lewa D k e Data Field Values 0 999999999 level Po The following exam
74. ted at least once a day or after power has been turned on Charge coupled device CCD A light sensitive solid state device used to convert image information light to electrical signals as a document is scanned Compression Compression is used to reduce the number of bytes needed for scanned document images thus saving storage space and or transmission time This is accomplished with special algorithms that use run length encoding Continuous tone images Images such as photographs which can assume all possible shades of gray Cropping Technique used to capture a desired portion of an image Allows the entire document to be scanned without all document data being stored Digitized image Image data represented by binary ones and zeros A 61124 March 1999 A 1 Document image level Rank associated with a type of document Up to four levels Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 and Level 0 can be used The level can be set automatically using a Patch Reader accessory manually by pressing the Footswitch by pressing a Level key on the control panel or by sending a scanner unique Level of Next Document command Error diffusion mode Compromised between binary thresholding and screening used for documents containing both continuous tone photographic and text information It simulates gray scale while retaining text readability Gray scale image Refers to a processed image that consists of pixels which are assigne
75. tes varying gray levels The smaller the screening level the smaller the super pixel resulting in higher resolution similarly the higher the screening level the larger the super pixel resulting in lower resolution NOTES e Screening is effective for documents containing only photographic images Mixed mode error diffusion is recommended for documents containing both text and photographic images Screening tends to decrease the quality of scanned text e Do not use the Noise filter with screening e When screening and compression are used together negative compression less than 1 1 is more likely to occur Refer to Chapter 6 Scanner unique Commands for a description of the LX Y Z command E 10 A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 Thresholding Thresholding is used to convert a gray scale image into a bi tonal 1 bit pixel image The thresholding value ranges from 0 to 255 A low threshold value will produce a lighter image and can be used to subdue backgrounds and subtle unneeded information A high threshold value will produce a darker image and can be used to help pick up faint images Refer to Chapter 6 Scanner unique Commands for a description of the JX Y Z command Two thresholding options are available fixed thresholding and adaptive thresholding e Fixed thresholding is used for black and white and other high contrast documents A single level is set to determine the black and white transition This thre
76. tion and data exchange between the scanner and host system Scanner unique commands which are used to establish or change the scanner configuration can be executed by sending a SCSI Send command with the Transfer Type set to 80H from the host system The host may query the scanner to determine the current scanner configuration by executing a SCSI Read command with the Transfer ID set to the 2 byte scanner unique command The scanner will return the data field value and the scanner unique command as data for the Read command The scanner unique command format is used to exchange commands and data between the scanner and host The scanner unique command format is described below Data Field Command Field Data Field contains numerical data in ASCII format and ASCII character strings It is variable in length Command Field contains two bytes of upper case alphabetic ASCII characters that represent a unique scanner command The second command character received in a command sequence indicates an End of Frame condition has been reached The following example shows how to create a scanner unique command This command transmits the numerical value 345 6 with scanner unique command DA NOTES e One or more of the scanner unique commands may be sent using the SCSI Send command e A command requiring a data field is not accepted by the scanner without the data field e Do not add leading zeros to parameters unless
77. ts per inch Image resolution Resolution is the degree of sharpness of the scanned image and is measured using a cone shaped resolution chart This type of chart is less susceptible to skew than traditional microcopy charts Resolution is read at the point just before the bars of the chart either touch or break up on the same horizontal line Shortly after they touch they will start to diverge and fewer bars are resolved This is most easily measured using some magnification Bars touch horizontally at 205 dots per inch Resolution is read as 200 dots per inch A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 E 25 Noise and dynamic range When using a traditional microcopy chart resolution is read as the smallest target that is clearly visible with no line loss all five lines present i jas 2s 5 4 3 2 ca l a 4 0 line pairs per millimeter is the last target with all five lines visible Noise in the scanned image will appear as random specks These specks may be caused by actual noise in the original dirt or mottled colors or introduced by the scanner The size of the transition region from black to white on the continuous tone wedge indicates the amount of noise in the system 2 divisions Noise tends to increase as the contrast is increased or when the Fine Line option of the Image Enhancement filter is used These options enhance small changes in the image as well as the noise in the image Some of the noise from both the
78. uto cropping is turned off Border reduction fills the area outside of the document edges with a white background within the fixed cropping width The following illustration shows the effects of border reduction Skewed Document i Line Length N x 16 pixels Fixed Cropping P Un Skewed or Deskewed Document Line Length N x 16 pixels Fixed Cropping SIO ONAN SS Soo0JN gt 2n gt gt Dha A 61122 A 61124 March 1999 Evaluating scanned images Scanned images Source image types This section describes methods for evaluating digitally scanned images Evaluating scanned images requires an understanding of how scanned images are created and the types of source documents used to create these images Image creation and source image types are also discussed in this chapter as well as various evaluation criteria using a standard target as an example A scanned image is a digitized representation of a source image An image is digitized by viewing the source image and determining a numeric value for each finite area picture element or pixel of that image The size of a pixel is described in dots per inch dpi As dpi increases the ability to retain fine spatial detail from the source document is increased The numeric value assigned to a pixel is based on the number of bits per pixel This value is assigned based on the tone of the source document A black pixel will have a different value than a white pixel When th

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