Kodak 2403 User's Manual
Contents
1. Machine 1 Developer Rack 2 Developer Racks Speed fom babel ISO A D min pae ISO A D min 90 F 32 C 5 2 05 1000 0 16 10 1 10 500 0 13 1 35 800 0 15 15 0 95 320 0 13 1 00 500 0 14 20 0 85 250 0 14 0 90 400 0 14 Fixing Adequate fixing is obtained at machine speeds up to and including 10 feet per minute Washing LE 10 keeping quality is obtained at machine speeds up to and including 8 feet per minute LE Life Expectancy Drying Adequate drying is obtained at machine speeds up to and including 12 feet per minute eat eae ISO A D min ae ISO A D min 99 F 37 C 10 090 640 021 E 20 0 65 320 0 16 1 00 640 0 24 30 0 45 200 0 12 0 80 500 0 19 40 0 85 125 0 14 0 70 400 0 18 104 F 40 C 10 100 640023 Zu ai 20 0 70 400 0 16 115 640 0 22 30 0 50 250 0 15 095 640 0 25 40 0 45 200 0 13 0 80 500 0 21 KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Chemicals Model 1140 Machine 1 Developer Rack Speed Average fpm Gamma 2 Developer Racks Average ISO A D min Gamma ISO A D min 99 F 37 C 10 0 80 400 0 17 1 15 640 0 19 104 F 40 C 10 0 85 320 0 16 1 30 800 0 21 20 0 55 160 0 22 0 90 500 0 21 KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals Type A Model 1140 This is not a primary processing recommenda2. AS 24 KODAK TRI X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 KODAK TRI X AERECON Film SO 050 KODAK TRI X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 and KODAK TRI X AERECON Film SO 050 are panchromatic negative aerial camera films that have high speed moderate contrast and extended red sensitivity for the reduction of haze effects The photographic properties of these two films are virtually identical the physical properties differ due to the difference in base thickness Their ESTAR Base and ESTAR Thin Base provide flexibility moisture resistance high tear resistance and excellent dimensional stability These films have highly hardened emulsions which provide high acutance or improved image sharpness and permit high temperature rapid processing in modern continuous processing machines These films can be processed in the KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor Model 11 or 1140 with KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Chemicals or KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals Type A KODAK TRI X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 can also be processed at normal temperatures in conventional rewind equipment such as the Gordon Morse M 10 Developing Outfit Military Designator B 5 using a variety of Kodak black and white developers Caution KODAK TRI X AEROGRAPHIC and AERECON Films are susceptible to static markings at low relative humidities These films are packaged at the optimum relative humidity 45 to 50 percent and are maintained at this level by the sealed package In conditi
3. VERSAMAT Film Processor Model 11 or 1140 with KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Chemicals or KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals Type A Mechanized processing in roller transport processors offers the advantages of uniform treatment of all portions of the roll freedom from banding and absence of significant density variations from ends of the roll to the center Refer to the operator s manual for the processor set up information but in all cases the fixer replenisher should be introduced into tank No 5 of the processor with a countercurrent flow to tank No 3 where it overflows to a collection or recovery system General instructions for setting the machine dryer temperature are included in these pages However the temperature of the dryer may require some further adjustment depending upon the ambient temperature conditions in the processing area Usually it is best to set the temperature approximately 3 F 2 C above that required to dry unexposed processed film Chemicals The following KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals may be used in both the Model 11 and Model 1140 VERSAMAT Processors KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Developer Starter KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Developer Replenisher KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Fixer and Replenisher KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Developer Starter KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Developer Replenisher KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Fixer and Replenisher KODAK VERSAMAT Developer Starter Type A KODAK VERSAMAT Developer Replenisher Type A KODAK VERSAMAT Fixer an
4. d Replenisher Type A Notice Observe precautionary information on product labels and Material Safety Data Sheets Replenishment Rates Basic developer and fixer replenishment rates in millilitres per square inch of film processed vary depending upon the type of chemicals used The following rates apply to processing in the VERSAMAT Processor Models 11 and 1140 Basic Replenishment Rates mL in KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals 885 641 Type A Developer 0 36 0 34 0 20 Fixer 0 45 0 68 0 34 Processing Sequence KODAK VERSAMAT Processor Model 11 all recommended chemicals Top Rad Length Temperature M oai Morbi YO NEUE C AN ven 2 wp oom apum Dry ja 135 to 145 F 57 to 63 C For KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals Type A use 90 F 32 C Sensitometric Data KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals Model 11 Machine 1 Developer Rack 2 Developer Racks Speed ibm aoe ISO A D min Paia ISO A D min 85 F 29 5 C 5 1 10 640 0 21 1 80 800 0 28 10 070 400 0 14 1 40 640 0 15 15 0 55 250 0 13 1 10 640 0 12 20 0 41 125 0 13 0 95 500 0 12 25 0 36 100 0 12 0 80 400 0 12 Fixing Adequate fixing is obtained at machine speeds up to and including 20 feet per minute Washing With two developer racks LE 100 keeping quality is obtained at process machine speeds up to 10 feet per minute and LE 10 is obtained up
5. e available from those dealers normally supplying Kodak products Other materials may be used but equivalent results may not be obtained CURVES Spectral Sensitivity Exposure 1 4 seconds Process Recommended D 0 3 above gross fog Densitometry Diffuse visual D 1 0 above gross fog Log Sensitivity 300 400 500 600 700 Wavelength nm Modulation Transfer Function pe e eo A eo eo N e a eo e eo MN e RESPONSE o KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor 2racks 85F 29 5C 10 fpm Diffuse visual m wo QC LLLI Lidlin LII 1 2 345 10 20 50 100 200 600 SPATIAL FREQUENCY cycles mm a4 F002_1093AC 6 KODAK TRI X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 KODAK TRI X AERECON Film SO 050 e AS 24 Characterisitc Curves ISO A Vs Gamma Exposure Daylight 1 100 sec 10000 Process KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor Model 11 Exposure Daylight 1 100 sec al 2 developer racks 85 F 29 5 C Process KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor Model 11 Densitometry Diffuse visual KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals x KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Chemicals Q 1 and 2 developer rack 85 F 29 5 C KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals Type A o 1 and 2 de
6. itivity SAFELIGHT Total darkness is required EXPOSURE Aerial film speeds ISO A or EAFS should not be confused with conventional film speeds which are designed for roll and sheet films used in pictorial photography The characteristics of aerial scenes differ markedly from those of ordinary pictorial or ground scenes because of the smaller range in subject luminances atmospheric haze conditions and other factors Therefore different film speed parameters are used to relate aerial scene characteristics to practical exposure recommendations The KODAK Aerial Exposure Computer KODAK Publication AS 10 has been published based on the aerial film speed criterion Nominal speed daylight no filter EAFS or ISO A 500 Other suggested aerial film speeds for processing these films in the KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor Models 11 or 1140 using VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals 641 Chemicals and Type A Chemicals can be found in the sensitometric data tables Note The aerial film speeds given in this publication were obtained by rounding the calculated values to the nearest cube root of 2 step equivalent to 1 3 stop Filters KODAK PROFESSIONAL WRATTEN Gelatin Filter No 12 No 25 Filter Factor 1 5 3 Typical Camera Exposure A typical exposure for this film is approximately 1 400 second at 8 This exposure is based on a solar altitude of 5 degrees a clear day an aircraft altitude of 5 000 feet and a
7. n a refrigerator at 55 F 13 C or lower or freezer at 0 to 10 F 18 to 23 C in the original sealed container If the film is stored in a refrigerator remove it about 2 hours before opening if stored in a freezer remove it about 8 hours before opening A sufficient warm up time is necessary to prevent moisture condensation on cold film otherwise moisture spotting ferrotyping or sticking may occur Exposed Film Keep exposed film cool and dry Process the film as soon as possible after exposure to avoid undesirable changes in the latent image If it is necessary to hold exposed but unprocessed film for several days such as over a weekend it should be resealed and refrigerated at 40 F 4 C or lower Before unsealing and processing exposed film that has been held in cold storage follow the warm up procedures described for unexposed film described above Processed Film For best keeping store processed film in a dark dust free area at 50 to 70 F 10 to 21 C and 30 to 50 percent relative humidity Preferably store negatives on the spool or in individual KODAK Sleeves High relative humidity promotes the growth of mold and causes ferrotyping Very low relative humidity causes excessive curl and brittleness Avoid storage temperatures over 80 F 27 C 2 KODAK TRI X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 KODAK TRI X AERECON Film SO 050 e AS 24 PROCESSING KODAK TRI X AEROGRAPHIC and AERECON Films can be processed in the KODAK
8. of ESTAR Base may vary slightly in different directions within a sheet the differences that may exist however are not always between the length and width directions Temporary Dimensional Changes Thermal Coefficient of Linear Expansion 2403 SO 050 0 001 0 001 per degree F of change 0 0018 0 0018 per degree C of change Humidity Coefficient of Linear Expansion Unprocessed 2403 SO 050 0 002 0 003596 per 196 change in relative humidity Permanent Dimensional Changes Processing Dimensional Change Shrinkage to Swell 2403 SO 050 0 04 to 0 03 0 04 to 0 03 Aging Shrinkage of Processed Film 2405 SO 050 0 05 0 08 1 week at 120 F 49 C 20 RH 0 03 0 04 1 year at 78 F 25 5 C 60 RH KODAK TRI X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 KODAK TRI X AERECON Film SO 050 e AS 24 SIZE DATA AND ORDERING INFORMATION KODAK TRI X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 and KODAK TRI X AERECON Film SO 050 are available in sizes for certain aerial cameras Neither film is factory stocked in any size Information on minimum order quantities and other sizes of these films is available by writing or calling Aerial Imaging Eastman Kodak Company Rochester New York 14653 7128 716 253 1855 Note The Kodak materials described in this publication used with KODAK TRI X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 and KODAK TRI X AERECON Film SO 050 ar
9. ons of low relative humidity these films should be loaded and used immediately after the package is opened before the film becomes too dry The camera should be checked to see that all its parts are grounded adequately Also these films should be handled carefully during all loading unloading and preprocessing operations OEastman Kodak Company 2000 APPLICATIONS KODAK TRI X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 is a high speed film for use in low altitude large scale aerial mapping for photogrammetry or in mapping at low light levels caused by low solar altitudes KODAK TRI X AERECON Film SO 050 is suitable for reconnaissance under minimum levels of illumination BASE 2403 Film 3 9 mil 0 10 mm ESTAR Base with dyed gel backing SO 050 Film 2 5 mil 0 063 mm ESTAR Thin Base with dyed gel backing TOTAL FILM THICKNESS The nominal total thickness unprocessed of each film is 2403 Film 4 55 mils 0 115 mm This includes emulsion 0 45 mils 0 010 mm base 3 9 mils 0 10 mm and dyed gel backing 0 20 mil 0 005 mm SO 050 Film 3 15 mils 0 080 mm This includes emulsion 0 45 mils 0 011 mm base 2 5 mils 0 063 mm and dyed gel backing 0 20 mil 0 005 mm WEIGHT The weight of each film unprocessed conditioned in equilibrium with 50 percent relative humidity is 2403 Film 0 037 Ibsq ft 0 0168 kg ft2 SO 050 Film 0 021 Ibsq ft 0 0095 kgft SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY Panchromatic with extended red sens
10. speed of ISO A 640 no filter When using an aerial camera equipped with an antivignetting filter or other filter it is important to increase this typical exposure by the filter factor of the filter used Reciprocity Characteristics No exposure or development time adjustments are required for exposure times from 1 000 second to 1 10 second At 1 10 000 second increase the development time by 10 percent IMAGE STRUCTURE The following data are based on processing in a KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor using KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals Resolving Power line pairs mm mss Granularity TOC 1 6 1 TOC 1000 1 VERSAMAT Model 11 885 Chemicalst 40 100 40 641 Chemicalst 25 100 33 Type A Chemicals 32 80 55 VERSAMAT Model 1140 885 Chemicals 40 100 33 Granularity values read at a net diffuse density of 1 0 with a 48 micrometre aperture t 885 2 racks 10 fpm 85 F 29 5 C process gamma 1 40 t 641 2 racks 6 5 fom 85 F 29 5 C process gamma 1 25 Type A 2 racks 10 fpm 90 F 32 C process gamma 1 70 1 885 1 rack 15 fom 99 F 37 C process gamma 0 95 STORAGE For consistent results all aerial films should be stored under fairly constant conditions Kodak aerial films are usually packaged in equilibrium with 40 to 50 percent relative humidity High temperatures or high humidity may produce undesirable changes in the film Unexposed Film Store unexposed film i
11. tion although satisfactory results can be obtained at processor speeds up to 10 feet per minute Refer to the processing conditions and sensitometric data for the KODAK VERSAMAT Processor Model 11 above KODAK TRI X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 KODAK TRI X AERECON Film SO 050 e AS 24 REWIND OR SPIRAL REEL PROCESSING KODAK TRI X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 yields optimum results with modern high temperature continuous processing machines It can be processed in rewind equipment or on spiral reels although these methods are not primary processing recommendations Customers wishing to use spiral reels or rewind equipment such as the Gordon Morse M 10 Developing Outfit Military Designator B 5 may contact Aerial Systems for information on exposure processing chemicals process cycles and general recommendations KODAK TRI X AERECON Film SO 050 is not recommended for processing in conventional rewind equipment due to the physical characteristics of its ESTAR Thin Base DIMENSIONAL STABILITY The dimensional stability of aerial films is of particular interest and importance in accurate mapping and in the reproduction of maps Dimensional stability is an all inclusive term In photography it applies to size changes caused by changes in humidity and in temperature and by processing and aging The absence of solvent in ESTAR Base is one of the reasons why ESTAR Base films show excellent dimensional stability The dimensional properties
12. to and including 20 feet per minute LE Life Expectancy Drying Adequate drying is obtained at machine speeds up to and including 15 feet per minute KODAK TRI X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2408 KODAK TRI X AERECON Film SO 050 e AS 24 KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Chemicals Model 11 Machine 1 Developer Rack 2 Developer Racks Processing Sequence KODAK VERSAMAT Processor Model 1140 all recommended chemicals yi Average Iso A D min C979 iso A D min 85 F 29 5 C 5 0 80 400 015 115 640 0 17 10 0 55 160 0 14 085 400 0 15 15 oe5 250 0 34 Fixing Adequate fixing is obtained at machine speeds up to and including 10 feet per minute Washing LE 100 keeping quality is obtained at process machine speeds up to and including 5 feet per minute LE Life Expectancy Drying Adequate drying is obtained at machine speeds up to and including 20 feet per minute Processing No of Path Step Racks Length Temperature 1 20r 2 4m 99 or 104 0 5 F Develop Ter ors f 37 or 40 0 3 C Fix 3 3 6m 99 or 104 F 12 ft 37 or 40 C nominal 2 4m 2 to 6 F 1 to 3 C below Wash 8 ft developer temperature 2 4m o o Dry 8 ft Up to 149 F 65 C Sensitometric Data KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals Model 1140 KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals Type A Model 11 Machine 1 Developer Rack 2 Developer Racks
13. veloper racks 90 F 32 C gt o 3 S 1000 E i s 3 100 0 1 2 3 GAMMA Log Exposure lux seconds ISO A vs Machine Speed Gamma vs Machine Speed 800 4 KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor Processor Model 11 2 developer racks at 85F 29 5C 750 Model 11 2 developer racks at 85F 29 5C _ 700 3 2 650 o c E E 600 oe 2 E 9 S 550 o 500 1 450 400 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 F002 1105AC Machine Speed fpm F002 1112AC Machine Speed fpm KODAK TRI X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2408 KODAK TRI X AERECON Film SO 050 e AS 24 KODAK TRI X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 KODAK TRI X AERECON Film SO 050 NOTICE While the sensitometric data in this publication are typical of production coatings they do not represent standards which must be met by Kodak Varying storage exposure and processing conditions will affect results The company reserves the right to change and improve product characteristics at any time Aerial Imaging EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY ROCHESTER NY 14653 7128 KODAK TRI X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 KODAK TRI X AERECON Film SO 050 KODAK Publication No AS 24 TI0078 Kodak Aerecon Aerographic Estar Versamat Panatomic X and Wratten are Minor Revision 8 01 trademarks Printed in U S A
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