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HP 415E User's Manual

1. Figure 5 12 HEV NOM 13V NOM RAT 21 5K 50 1854 007 c28 6 8 8 1012 2 RANGE FEEDBACK EXPAND ASSY PART 4 OF 4 OUTPUT sz AMPLIFIER La l7 MA TO 7 DRIVER 1854 007 QIO T J 3 PART 1 OF 4 i COMPENSATING NETWORK gaa une ____ ZI i CHARGE 5 CHARGE 5 FROM 27 716 2K 97 nad J aTi POSITIVE C 7 NEGATIVE WE I REFERENCE DESIGNATIONS NO PREFIX 2 55 55 2 4 289 16 10 29 42 4 252 A305 13 MI A3CR3 85 7 ASRIT 51 4 ASSY A4R3 4 454 Figure 5 12 Output amp Meter Circuit 5 21 5 22 1 415 Section VI Paragraphs 6 1 to 6 6 SECTION VI REPLACEABLE PARTS 6 1 INTRODUCTION 6 2 This section contains information for ordering replacement parts Table 6 1 lists parts in alpha numerical order of their reference designators and indicates the description and hp stock number of each part together with any applicable notes Table 6 2 lists parts in alpha numerical order of their hp stock number and provides the following information on each part a Description of the part see list of akbreviations below b Typical manufacturer of the part in a five digit code see list of manufacturers in Table 6 3
2. CHARGE COPYRIGHT 1965 HEWLETT PACKARD CO 2186 REG P S INPUT CKT 719 TOV NOM 10 OV NOM HIOV NOM 4 R48 22 330 5814 464K 100K 36KS pf 4640 464 CR2 e 1 04 Nas c3 NEN 0 01 2 13 VS 22pf 62 464 5 3300pf 21 5 INPUT AMPLIFIER 01 04 eR 1854 0071 IKC FEEDBACK LOW FREQUENCY FEEDBACK RS c32 6 8 6800 A7 EXPAND ASSY PART 2 OF 4 Section Figure 5 11 RANGE Q RIS c2 m2 1000 36 0 02 sk 918 60 4 I cw I R6 eme espt l l T 934 TO PIN I7 REFERENCE DESIGNATIONS NO PREFIX At assy As ASSY Ars AICI C3 8 30 33 AICRI A3CRL 2 4 10 01 4 14 17 051 AIRI 7 16 52 60 FI 191 A2 ASSY 4 55 A2RI 8 A4RL2 A281 13 REG NOM 25 gt TO AIRS COMPARISON ds AMPLIFIER 2600 BIAS E als ADS 1853 0020 R55 ids OFFSET CURRENT REFERENCE REGULATOR AMPLIFIER iess oori 1854 0062 ee SERIES FS VOLT REG NOTES OFFSET CURRENT ADJ 1 SEE FIGURE 5 9 F
3. SOLDER MODEL 415 ERE REAR PANEL T SOLDER HERE NUT TERMINAL LUG SHIELDED LOCK FIBER BNC CABLE WASHER WASHER CONNECTOR sisE a 6 Figure I 2 Connector Assembly i i Appendix Model 415E MAINTENANCE OF THE RECHARGEABLE NICKEL CADMIUM BATTERY The maintenance of the rechargeable Nickel Cadmium battery poses two problems both of which pertain to recharging the battery The first problem concerns damage to the battery be cause of improper maintenance Damage during op r ation and storage will reduce the number of charging cycles and therefore the life of the battery The second problem concerns that of thermal runaway the Nickel Cadmium battery heats due to the charging current the battery terminal voltage drops The charging current will then increase if the recharging circuit consists of a constant voltage source This thermal runaway will result in destruction of the bat tery This problem however is alleviated in Hewlett Packard instruments because a constant current source provides battery recharge Maintenance of the Nickel Cadmium battery can be summarized with several DO NOT s 1 Donot allow the battery to discharge below 6 volts per 5 cell battery 1 2 volts per cell This will prevent reverse charging of one or more cells Do not fast charge for periods exceeding 75 hours because excessive heat generaged may shorten battery life Typical charging rates are atrickle charge of 4 mA to 7 mA
4. Repeatstep gabove The average noise level should be 7 5 db down from 0 0 to 10 db scale __ 3A RANGE ACCURACY 0 05 db 10 db step maximum cumulative error 0 10 Procedure hi Readings Connect 415E as shown in Figure 5 1 omit Min Act 2 Max Counter and AC Voltmeter 9 95 db 40 00 10 05 db b Set 415 to ON LOW 0 RANGE DB 0 EXPAND with GAIN full counterclockwise 19 9 db Ao G 20 1 Set 355C to 5 db 355D to 0 and adjust 29 9 db 0 of 30 1 db Oscillator frequency for peak 415E meter reading 39 95 70 0 40 05 db d Adjust Oscillator output and 415E VERNIER for 1 db meter reading on 0 to 2 db scale 49 9db 20 0 5 50 1 db e Switch 355D to 20 db and 415E RANGE DB to 59 9 db 5227 FE 60 1 db 10 The 415E meter reading sh 20 05 db See Note 1 be 1 0 db f Switch 355D to 40 db and 415E to 2 20 415 to 20 415E should read 1 0 db 0 1 db 5 4 02152 2 Model 415E Table 5 2 Performance Tests Cont d Section V Table 5 2 g Switch 355D to 60 db and 415E to 30 415E Should read 1 0 db 0 1 db h Switch 355D to 40 and set 415E GAIN control to minimum Adjust Osciliator for 1 0 reading on 415E meter Switch 415E to 40 db and 355D to 60 415E should read 1 0 20 05 db i Switch 355 80 db and 415E to 50 415E should read 1 0 db 0 1 db j Switch 355D to 100 db and 415E to 60
5. 02152 4 n OPERATING AND SERVICE MANUAL MODEL 415E SWR METER SERIALS PREFIXED 719 See Appendix I and II at rear of manual for a 415E Options 01 02 b Serials Prefixed 530 545 co HEWLETT PACKARD COMPANY 1965 150r PAGE MILL ROAD PALO ALTO CALIFORNIA U S A 00415 90007 Printed JUNE 1967 Model 415E Lists of Illustrations and Tables LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Number Title Page Number Title Page 1 1 Model 415E SWR Meter 1 0 4 1 Block Diagram 4 1 2 1 Combining Case 2 0 5 1 Test Set 9 DES 2 2 Steps to Place Instrument in 5 2 Examples of Diode Marking Combining Case 1 2 0 Methods 5 9 2 3 Adapter Frame Instrument 5 3A Switch Component Location 5 10 Combinations 2 1 5 3B Switch Component Location 5 10 2 4 Two Half Modules in Rack Adapter I 2 2 5 4 Transistor Biasing and Operating 3 1 Front Panel Operating Controls Characteristics 5 12 and Connector FEN 3 2 5 5 Power Supply Waveforms AC 3 2 Rear Panel Operating Controls Operation Only 5 14 and Connectors 3 2 5 6 Power Supply Waveforms Initial 3 3 Typical SWR Measurement Setup 3 3 Battery Operation Only 5 15 3 4 General Turn On Procedure 3 4 5 7 Signal Flow Waveforms Input to 3 5 Expanded Section of Figure 3 6 3 5 Amplifier Output 2 5 16 3
6. AB 9 of SOMME TOETER Model 415E is the Smith Chart A Smith Chart with example see Paragraph 3 39 is shown in Figure 3 10 The values ofresistance andreactance are basedon a nor malized value obtained by dividing the actual valueby the characteristic impedance Zp of the line Thus if Z 5 j 25 ohms and if 20 o ohms then Zw 0 1 j 0 5 On the Smith Chart the circles which are tangent to the bottom of the chart are for con stant normalized resistance lines curvingtothe right from center are the normalized positive reactance components lines curving to the left from center are the normalized negative reactance components the straight line forming the vertical diameter is aline of zero reactance the lower half of the zero reactance line marked 1 through 50 also represents the stand ing wave ratio line Smith P H Transmission Line Calculator Electronics Jan 1939 McGraw Hill xu Ec m M v T gt EN 410 TOWARD Z Z 4156 B 2 Figure 3 10 Example for Use Smith Chart 3 8 02152 2 Model 415E 3 39 SMITH CHART CALCULATIONS 3 40 Use of the Smith Chart for calculating imped ance is outlined below Followingthe generalized cedure is a numerical example Other methods are possible for first enteringthe Smith Chart but the one suggested here is practical and eas
7. CABINET PARTS FRAME ASSEMBLY STAND TILT HALF MODULE HINGE FOOT ASSEMBLY HALF MODULE CABINET SPACER LOCKWASHER 6 32 X 0 575 FH SLOT DRIVE COVER SIDE 6 52 X 0 187 1009 FH PHILLIPS DRIVE COVER TOP 6 32 X 0 575 1009 FH PHILLIPS DRIVE COVER BOTTOM 6 32 X 0 373 100 FH PHILLIPS ORI VE PANEL sREAR 6 52 X 0 575 FH SLOT DR W EXT LOCKWASHER PANEL FRONT 6 52 X 0 375 FH SLOT ORIVE 02152 1 See list of abbreviations in introduction to this section 6 7 Section 1 415 Table 6 2 Table 6 2 Replaceable Parts 1 Stock No Description Mfr Mfr Part No TQ 0140 0145 CIFXD MICA 22 PF 5 500 vDCW 04062 ROM15C220J5C 1 0140 0176 CIFXO MICA 100 2 300 VOCW 04062 ROM1SF101G3C 1 0140 0192 CiFXD MICA 68PF 5 3OOVDCW 08062 RDM15E680J3C 1 0140 0207 MICA 330PF 5 500 04062 RDM15F331J5C i 0150 0093 CER O O1UF 80 20 100VDCW 91418 1 0150 0096 CER 0 05 100VDCW 91818 TA 5 0150 0119 CtFXD CER 2 0 01 UF 20 250V0CW 56289 41 159 2 0150 0121 CER Os1UF 80 20 5OVOCW 56289 5C50A 1 0160 0153 MYLAR 01 10 28480 0160 0153 3 0160 0155 MY 3300 PF 10 28480 0160 0155 1 0160 0174 CIFXD CER Oo47UF 80 209 25VDCW 56289 5C11A 0160 0299 CiFXD MYLAR 90018 UF 10 200VDCW 28480 0160 0299 1 0160 2120 CtFxO MICA OcO1UF 18 04062 RDM3OF 103F 3C
8. 0698 3531 RIFXD FLM 745 OHM 0 56 1 BW A2R11 0698 3530 RtFXD FLM 470 OHM O 5 1 8W A2R12 0698 3529 RIFXD MET FLM 297 OHM 0 58 1 8W A2R13 0698 3527 MET FLM 18793 OHM 0 5 1 8W A2R1U 0698 6112 RIFXD MET FLM 202 25 1 8W 2 15 0698 3441 RIFXD FLM 215 OHM 1 1 8N A2R16 0698 3525 RIFXD FLM 118 OHM 0 55 1 8W A281 3100 1806 SWITCHIROTARY A3 00415 603 BOARD ASSEMBLY AMPLIFIER AXCI 0180 0155 CtFXO ELECT 2 2 UF 20 20VDCW A3C2 0180 0155 TA 2 2UF 20 20VDCW A3C3 0140 0145 MICA 22 5 500 A3C4 0180 0116 ELECT 6 8 UF 10 35VDCW A3CS 0160 0155 CiFXD 3300 PF 10 A3C6 0150 0121 CER O 1UF 4808 2058 SOVDCH A3C 7 0140 0192 CiFXD MICA 68PF 5 3OOVDCW A3CB 0140 0207 C1FXD MICA 330PF 5 SOOVOCW A3C9 0180 0155 2 2UF 20 20VDCW A3C10 0150 0096 CER 0 05 100VDCW A3C11 0160 0153 MYLAR 0 0010 10 6 2 list of abbreviations in introduction to this section 02152 4 Model 415E Section VI Table 6 1 Table 6 1 Reference Designation Index Cont d PCT Stock No Description Note i 12 0150 0096 CER 050 100VDCW A3Ci3 0160 0153 MYLAR Q QO1UF 10 1 0160 0174 CIFXD CER O 47UF 80 208 25VDCW A3C15 0180 0155 CiFXD ELECT 2 2 UF 20 20VDCW A3C16 0160 2120 CUFXD MICA 05 1 A3C17 0180 0155 E
9. monly available to float the ground of grounded input instruments at the power cord see Paragraph 3 11 3 47 AMPLIFIER OUTPUT 3 48 The rear panel amplifier output furnishes an output from 0 to 0 8 volt RMS into 10K ohms or more The Model 415E will supply up to 126 db of voltage gain For proper operation the ground terminal black must be connected to a floating ground see Paragraph 3 11 With the 415E EXPAND switch set to NORM a full scale meter reading willresultin a 0 3 volt RMSout put signal anda minimum scale reading 10 db will sult in approximately 0 03 volt RMS With the 415E EX PAND switch set to any position except NORM a full Scale meter reading results in a 0 8 volt RMS output and a minimum scale reading 2 db results ina 0 5 volt RMS output signal zero input signal results in a zero volt output signal 3 49 The Model 415E is especially useful as a tuned amplifier ina measurement setup using an Oscilloscope andaSweepOscillator Sweep speeds may be increased overthe speeds using a ratio meter in a reflectometer system and the Model 415E used as a high gain amp lifier provides the required sensitivity AM PLIFIER OUTPUT AC is often more useful for this purpose than the RECORDER OUTPUT DC since the DC output is filtered to reduce ripple and its response is too slow to make full use of maximum bandwidth See hp Application Notes 54 61 65 and 66 3 9 Section Paragraphs
10. 1 8W AUR 0698 3156 RIFXD MET FLM 14 7K OHM 1 1 8W AURA 0757 0447 RI FXD MET FLM 16 2K OHM 1 1 8w AUS 3100 1807 SWITCHSROTARY 1420 0009 BATTERY SRECHARGEABLE 24V 1 25 OPTION 01 ONLY 0150 0096 O 05UF 100VDCW ca 0150 0096 CER O O5UF 100VDCW 0150 0119 CIFXD CER 2 0 01 UF 20 250VOCW 0150 0119 CER 2X 9 01 UF 20 250VOCW 051 1450 0048 LAMPtNEON F1 2110 0011 FUSESCARTRIOGE 3 AG 1 16 250V MAX Ji 1250 0118 CONNECTOR L BNC J2 1510 0006 BINDING POST ASSEMBLY BLACK J2 1510 0007 BINDING POST ASSEMBLY RED J2 0340 0086 INSULATORI BINDING POST J2 9340 0090 INSULATOR BINOING POST DOUBLE 43 1251 0148 CONNECTORIPOWER 3 PIN MALE 4 1250 0118 CONNECTORIBNC RECORDER 45 1250 0001 CONNECTOR BNC OPTION O2 ONLY 1120 0392 METER R1 2100 1574 R VAR COMP 250K 108 20CWLOG ISK 20 LIN R2 PART OF R1 R3 2100 1578 RIVAR COMP 100K OHM 10 20 CCWLOG 13W Ra 2100 1577 REVAR WW DUAL 1200 OHM 10 LIN TANDEM RS PART OF R4 R6 0757 0280 RIFXD MET FLM 1000 OHM 1 1 88 R 0698 4057 RIFXD MET FLM 4604 OHM 18 1 88 R8 THRU R60 NOT ASSIGNED R63 0757 0401 R FXD FLM 100 OHM 1 1 88 R62 0757 0401 MET FLM 100 OHM 1 1 98 51 3101 0033 SHITCHISLIDE 9100 0392 YRANSFORMERIAUDIO 9100 0393 TRANSFORMER tPOWER XA3 1251 0172 CIRCUIT 22 CONN 02152 4 See l
11. 2 The open circuit noise voltage across 5000 ohm resistor at 295 K 22 C in a bandwidth of 130 times 7 2 cps is as follows Y Z2IKTBR v 38 10 29 295130 x 7 2 5000 V 0 129 x 1076 volts 0 129 3 The 0 129 open circuit voltage is reduced to 0 126 uv by the 200K ohm input resistance of the 415E which is assumed to be noiseless 4 0 126 is 18 0 db below 1 uv but square law calibrated meter of the 415E set as above would indicate 1 2 of 18 db or 9 0 db below full Scale Also since the 415E meter is average reading and calibrated to read RMS value of a sine wave it reads 1 05 db below the RMS value of Gaussian noise Therefore the 415E reads 1 2 of 1 05 db or 0 525 db less than 9 0 and the 415E would read 9 525 db with 5000 ohm resistor connected to the input as described Hence a 7 525 db 9 525 2 meter reading indicates a 4 db noise figure MEASUREMENT ERROR DB 2 4 6 8 9 12 SIGNAL PLUS NOISE MINUS NOISE ALONE DB Figure 3 12 Meter Noise Correction Curve 02152 3 Model 415 3 52 system error occurs when making meas urements on lower 415E ranges due tonoise For con venient reference a graph Figure 3 12 is shown to allow correctionto meter reading forany given meas urement To use this graph make a signal measure ment then turn RF power source off or disconnect detector from RF source andnote
12. c Manufacturer s part number d Total quantity used in the instrument TQ column 6 3 Miscellaneous parts are listed at the end of Table 6 1 6 4 ORDERING INFORMATION 6 5 To obtain replacement parts address order or inquiry to your local Hewlett Packard Field Office see lists at rear of this manual for addresses Identify parts by their Hewlett Packard stock numbers 6 6 To obtain a part that is not listed include a Instrument model number b Instrument serial number Description of the part d Function and location of the part REFERENCE DESIGNATORS A assembly E mise electronie part MP mechanical part TB terminal board B motor F fuse plug TP test point BT battery FL filter Q transistor vacuum tube neon capacitor J jack R resistor bulb photocell etc coupler RT thermistor w cable CR diode L inductor 5 switch x socket DL delay line M meter transformer crystal DS device signaling lamp ABBREVIATIONS A amperes GE germanium normally closed RMO rack mount only A F C automatic frequency control GL glass NE neon RMS root mean square AMPL amplifier GRD ground ed NIPL nickel plate RWV reverse working N O normally open voltage d ola H henries NPO negative positive zero 8 slow blow beatfrequency oscillator HEX hexagonal zero temperature SCR screw CU beryllium coppe
13. characteristics of crystal detector in use 3 11 3 12 Model 415 Section IV Paragraphs 4 1 to 4 4 SECTION PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION 4 1 GENERAL 4 2 The 415E is a high gain tuned amplifier which takesan input froma bolometer crystal or any audio Source amplifies itandapplies ittoa meter calibrated for use with square law detectors With bolometer or biased crystal operation the Model 415E supplies the appropriate bias current Figure 4 1 is a block diagram which illustrates instrumentoperation Refer also tothe schematic diagrams Figures 5 11and 5 12 which fold out of the manual for easy reference St ATTEN INPUT RANGE AMPLIFIER 251 A3QI Q4 INPUT TRANS TI COARSE GAIN CONTROL FINE 27 ATTEN and EXPAND GAIN RANGE AMPLIFIER ATTEN CONTROL A2SI 05 06 252 4 3 INPUT CIRCUITS 4 4 input voltage is first routed through INPUT Switch A1S1 In the HIGH position it is applieddirec tly to the first section of the range attenuator A2S1 Whenthe INPUT switch is set to any other position but HIGH the input signal passes through transformer T1 whose turns ratio provides a 50 to 1 impedance trans formation converting a 50 to 200 ohm source to 2500 to 10 000 ohms which is the range of best noise figure for the INPUT AMPLIFIER EXPAND NOTES DARK LINES REPRESENT AC SIGNALS FLOW PATH WHILE LIGHT GRAY LINES REPRESENT DC S
14. f The minimum will always be at a multiple of half wavelength from the load 3 35 IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE 3 36 The procedure for performing the actual im edance measurement witha slotted line is as follows a Connect the load under test to the slotted line section and measure the swr see Paragraph 3 26 or 3 28 Also note the position of the probe carriage at minimum b Replace the load under test with a short Locate the minimum with the line shorted 02152 2 d Referring to Figure 3 9 and the following for mulas compute the normalized load impedance Normalized 71 EIE ATH 180 Ad Ag where X 415 Figure 3 9 Shift of Minimum with Load and Short 8 7 Section 3 97 3 38 and Ad Shift in centimeters of the minimum point when the short is used Ad takes a positive sign if the minimum shifts toward the load A d takes a negative sign if the minimum shifts toward the generator 8 2 one half guide wavelength i e the distance in centimeters between two adjacent volt age minima Note The above calculations are based on the as sumption that no losses occur in the trans mission line It is assumed that the char acteristic line impedance Zp is resistive 3 37 SMITH CHART EXPLANATION 3 38 When data is obtained from a slotted line sys tem one of the best aids for determining impedance
15. swr scales greater than 4 1 4 in 108 mm long Power 115 or 230 volts 10 50to 400cps 2 watts Power line frequency or multiples thereof must not be at the tuned amplifier frequency Optional re chargeable battery provides up to 36 hours contin uous operation Dimensions 7 25 32in wide 6 3 32 in high 11in deep from front side rail 190 x 155 x 279 mm Weight Net 7 7 8 1b 3 5 kg 9 7 8 lb 4 4 kg with battery Options 01 Rechargeable battery installed 02 Rear panel input connector in parallelwith the front panel connector 1 0 02152 2 Model 415E Section I Paragraphs 1 1 to 1 7 SECTION 1 GENERAL INFORMATION 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 Model415E SWR Meter is a high gainampli fier tuned to an audio frequency with a square law calibrated meter readout The Model 415E is designed for use with square law detectors inthe measurement of SWR and attenuation In addition because of the high sensitivity and tuned amplifier it can be used as a null detector for audiofrequency bridges The Model 415E is shown in Figure 1 1 Operating Specifications for the Model 415E are given in Table 1 1 1 3 The Model 415E is a tuned audio amplifier de signed to operate at a mean center frequency of 1000 cps Hz adjustable 7 with a variable bandwidth of from 15 to 130 cps Hz Operating center frequency andband width are both variable at instrument front panel Tuned amplifier gain is only
16. 0757 0199 FLM 21 5 OHM 1 1 8W 28480 0757 0199 6 0757 0280 RIFXO FLM 1 00 OHM 1 1 88 28480 0757 0280 0757 0316 RIFXD FLM 4242 OHM 1 1 8W 28480 0757 0316 1 0757 0401 RIFXD FLM 100 OHM 1 1 88 28480 0757 0401 4 0757 0458 R FXD MET FLM 5 11K OHM 1 1 8W 28480 0757 0458 1 0757 0459 R3FXD FLM 6 81K OHM 1 1 8W 28480 0757 0459 2 0757 0441 RIFXD MET FLM 8 25K OHM 1 1 8W 1 28480 0757 0441 1 0757 0442 RIFXD FLM 10 0K OHM 1 1 88 28480 0757 0442 7 0757 0445 RtFXO MET FLM 11 K OHM 1 1 895 28480 0757 0445 1 0757 0447 FLM 16 2K OHM 1 1 8W 28480 0757 0447 x 0757 0451 R FXD MET FLM 2 5 OHM 1 1 8W 28480 0757 0451 1 0757 0462 MET FLM 51 1K OHM 1 1 8 28480 0757 0462 1 0757 0464 FLM 90 9 OHM 1 1 8W 28480 0757 0464 1 0757 0465 RIFXD FLM 100K OHM 1 1 8W 28880 0757 0465 3 0757 1094 RIFXO FLM 1 47 OHM 1 1 8 28480 0757 1094 1 1120 0392 METER 28480 1120 0392 1 1250 0001 CONNECTOR BNC 91757 5126 1250 0118 CONNECTOR BNC 91737 8420 2 1251 0148 CONNECTORSPOWER 3 PIN MALE 60427 H 71061 2 1 1251 0172 CONNECTORIPRINTEO CIRCUIT 22 CONN 28480 1251 0172 1 1400 0084 HOLDER FUSE POST 75915 342014 1 1420 0009 BATTERY1RECHARGEABLE 20V 1925AH OPT 01 28480 1420 0009 1 1450 0048 28480 1350 0048 1 1490 0032 STANO1TILT HALF MODULE 28480 1490 0032 1 1510 0006 BINDING POST ASSEMBLY tBL
17. 1 88 ASRiL 0757 0465 RtFXO FLM 100K OHM 1 1 88 A3R12 0698 3160 RIFXD MET FLM 31 6K OHM 1 1 8W A3R13 0698 3155 RIFXD FLM 4640 OHM 1 1 8 A3R14 0757 0442 RIFXD FLM 10 0K OHM 1 1 88 A3R15 0757 0280 RIFXD FLM 1200 OMM 1 1 84 A3R16 0757 0199 RIFXO FLM 21 5K OHM 1 1 88 A3R17 0757 0280 RIFXD MET FLM 1 00K OHM 1 1 88 A3R18 0698 2260 MET FLM 464K OMM 1 1 88 A3R19 0698 2260 RsFXD MET FLM HOUK OMM 1 1 80 A3R20 0698 3160 RIFXD MET FLM 51 6 OHM 1 1 8W ASR21 0698 3441 RIFXD FLM 215 OHM 1 1 8W A3R22 0757 0488 RIFXO MET FLM 909K OMM 1 1 8W A3R23 0757 0442 RIFXO FLM 10 0K OHM 193 1 8W A3R24 0757 0199 RIFXD MET FLM 21 5K OHM 1 1 88 A3R25 0757 0401 MET FLM 100 OHM 18 1 8W A3R26 0757 0442 RIFXD FLM 10 0K OHM 1 1 8W A3R27 0757 0464 RIFXD FLM 9049 OHM 1 1 8W 2 0757 0438 RIFXD MET FLM 5 116 OMM 1 1 8W A3R29 2100 1611 RIVAR WW 300 OHM SK LW LIN 1 50 AIR3O 0757 0442 R FXD MET FLM 10405 OHM 18 1 84 A3R31 0698 3454 R FXD MET FLM 215K OHM 1 1 8W A3R32 0698 5260 RIFXO MET FLM OMM 1 1 6W A3R33 0698 5001 RIFXD MET FLM 15 2K OHM 1 1 8W A3R34 0698 5001 RIFXD FLM 15 2K OMM 1 1 88 A3R35 0698 3160 RIFXD MET FLM 31 6K OHM 1 1 8 A3R36 0698 3156 RIFXD FLM 14 7 OHM 19 1 8W A3R37 0698 3162 R amp FXO FLM 4640 OHM 1 1 88 A3R38 0698 3162 RIEXD MET FLM 4640 OHM 1 1 8W A3R39 0698 0082 R FXD MET FLM 464 OHM 1 1 8W
18. 3 50 to 3 51 3 50 MODEL 415 NOISE FIGURE 3 51 Figure3 11illustrates a typical value of Noise Figure that would be encountered in a Model 415 The following example of Model 415E noise figure measurement is presented to illustrate the particular considerations that must be made to calculate instru ment noise figure Calculate the meter indication when a 5000 ohm resistoris connected as a source assuming the Model 415E is noiseless 0 db noise figure b Any excess indication of 415E meter is then one half of its noise figure T T T 4 Ap 415 9 INPUT AT HIGH S3 IMPEDANCE POSITION 7 ul 5 86 u 5 24 3 2 Les 1250 2500 5000 IOK 50K OHMS SOURCE IMPEDANCE Rg setas 19 9 hp 4 5 INPUT AT LOW 7 IMPEDANCE POSITION Rs a 5 5 2 2 Th 4 25 50 100 200 409 OHMS SOURCE IMPEDANCE Rs mnm Figure 3 11 415E Noise Figure Curves 3 10 Model 415E Calculation example 1 Assume 415E with controls setfor the following conditions EXTAL IMPED HIGH input imped ance 200K 1 uv RMS sine wave at input causes full scale deflection 0 Oto 10 DB scale 130 cps bandwidth at 3 db points 1 5 db points on Model 415 meter which is calibrated for square law Noise equivalent bandwidth is 7 2 times 3 db bandwidth
19. 415E Should read 1 0 db 0 1 db 3B EXPANDED RANGE ACCURACY 30 05 db Accuracy on any 0 to 2 db scale 0 02 db Procedure a Set 415E as in steps a and b of procedure 3A above b Set355Dto 10 dband 3556 to 0 db See Note 1 c Adjust Oscillator output and 415E VERNIER for 0 db meter reading on 0 to 2 db scale d Switch355C from 0 to 4 db in 1 db steps The Model 415E meter reading shouldbe as given below Model 355C Model 415E 1 db 0 5 40 02 db 2 db 1 0 0 02 db 3 db 1 5 0 02 db Maximum cumulative error between any two 2 db steps Readings Min Act 0 52 db 1 02 db 1 52 db 2 02 db 2 05 db 4 05 db 6 05 db 4 db 2 0 0 02 db e Change 355C to 0 adjust 200CD for 415E reading of 1 0 on 0 to 2 db scale Change expand to 2 and 355 4 The Model 415E should indicate 1 db 0 05 db on 0 to 2 db scale 1 Change 355C to 8 db and EXPAND to 4 The 415E should read 1 db 20 05 db g Switch 355D to 20 db and 355C to 2 db and EX PAND to 6 The 415E should read 1 db 0 05 db h Switch 355C to 6 db and EXPAND to 8 The 415E should read 1 db 0 05 db 8 05 db 4 INPUT FREQUENCY 1000 cps adjustable 7 35 cps Procedure a Connect equipment as shown in Figure 5 1 omit 355D and AC Voltmeter from setup Set 355C to 10 db Set 415E to LOW ON 0 EXPAND with GAIN FREQ and VERNIER full clockwise d Tune Oscilla
20. 42 77 77 Gable PALOBEN Amsterdam NORWAY Morgenstierne amp Co A S Ingeniofirma 6 Wessels Gate Osio Tel 20 16 35 Cable MOROF Oslo PORTUGAL Telectra Rua Rodrigo da Fonseca 103 P 0 Box 2531 Lisbon 1 Tel 68 60 72 Cable TELECTRA Lisbon SPAIN Ataio Ingerieros Urgel 259 Barcelona 11 Tel 230 69 88 Ataio Ingenieros Enrique Larreta 12 Madrid 16 Tel 235 43 44 Cable TELEATAIO Madrid SWEDEN HP Instrument AB Hagakersgatan 7 M lndal Tel 031 27 68 00 Instrument Centralv gen 28 Solna Tel 08 83 08 30 Cable MEASUREMENTS Stockholm SWITZERLAND HEWPAK AG Zurcherstrasse 8952 Schlieren Zurich Tel 051 98 18 21 Cable HEWPACKAG Zurich TURKEY Telekom Engineering Bureau Box 376 Gaiata istanbul Tel 49 40 40 Cable TELEMATION Istanbul UNITED KINGDOM Hewlett Packard Ltd 224 Bath Road Siough Bucks Tel Slough 28406 9 29486 9 Cable HEWPIE Slough YUGOSLAVIA Belram S A 83 avenue des Mimosas Brussels 15 Belgium Tel 35 29 58 Cable BELRAMEL Brussels FOR AREAS NOT LISTED CONTACT Hewlett Packard 5 54 Route des Acacias Geneva Switzerland Tel 022 42 81 50 Telex 2 24 86 Cable HEWPACKSA Geneva AFRICA ASIA AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIA Hewlett Packard Australia Ltd 22 26 Weir Street iris S 6 Victoria Tel 20 1371 4 lines Cable HEWPARD Melbourne Hewlett Packard Australia Pty Ltd 4 Grose Stree
21. 6 Converting Decibels to SWR 38 6 5 8 Meter and Output Waveforms 5 17 3 7 Attenuation Measurement Setup 3 6 5 9 Schematic Notes 5 18 3 8 Impedance Measurement Rules 5 10 Circuit Board Component Summary 3 7 Location 5 19 3 9 Shift Minimum with Load and Short 3 7 5 11 Power Supply and Input Circuit 5 19 3 10 Example for Use of Smith Chart 8 8 5 12 Output and Meter Circuit 5 21 3 11 415E Noise Figure Curves 3 10 1 1 Battery Cover Assembly Ll 3 12 Meter Noise Correction Curve 3 10 1 2 Connector Assembly 1 1 1 1 Circuit Board Component Location Instruments Prefixed 530 1 LIST OF TABLES Number Title Page Number Title Page 121 Leere oec v itm oie as 1 0 5 4 Out of Circuit Transistor Resistance 3 1 Panel Descriptions 3 3 Measurements 5 12 5 1 Recommended Test Equipment 5 1 5 5 Ohmmeter Ranges for Transistor 5 2 Performance Tests 5 3 Resistance Measurements 5 12 5 3 Etched Circuit Soldering 6 1 Reference Designation Index 6 2 Equipment mr 5 8 6 2 6 8 6 3 Code List of Manufacturers 6 11 02152 3 Hi Section I Figure 1 1 and Table 1 1 Model 415E Figure 1 1 Model 415E SWR Meter Table 1 1 Specifications Sensitivity 0 15 rms at maximum ban
22. New York N Y 65092 Weston Inst inc Weston Newark Newark N J 56295 Wittek Mfg Co Chicago 111 66346 Revere Wollansak Div Minn Mining amp Mfg Co St Paul Minn 70276 Allen Mfg Hartford Conn 70318 Allmetal Screw Product Co Inc Garden City N Y 70485 Atlantic India Rubber Works Inc Chicago Il 70563 Amperite Co Inc Union City N J 70903 Beiden Mfg Co Chicago Ili 70898 Bird Electronic Cleveland Ohio 71002 Birnbach Radio Co New York N Y 71041 Boston Gear Works Div of Murray Co of Texas Quincy Mass 71218 Bud Radio Inc Willoughby Ohio 71286 Camloc Fastener Corp Paramus N J 71313 Cardweil Condenser Corp Lindenhurst L 1 N Y 71400 Bussmann Mfg Div of McGraw Edison Co St Louis Mo 71436 Chicago Condenser Corp Chicago HI 7144 Calif Spring Co Inc Pico Rivera Calif 71450 CTS Corp Elkhart Ind 71468 ITT Cannon Electric Los Angeles Calif 71471 Cinema Plant Hi Q Div Aerovox Corp Burbank Calif 71482 C P amp Co Chicago HI 71590 Centralab Div of Globe Union Inc Milwaukee Wis 71616 Commercial Plastics Co Chicago 71700 Cornish Wire Co The New York N Y 71707 Coto Coil Co Inc Provideace 71744 Chicago Miniature Lamp Works Chicago ill 71753 A O Smith Corp Crowley Div West Orange N J 71785 Cinch Mfg Co Howard B Jones Div Chicago iil 71984 Dow Corning Corp Midland Mich 72136 Electio Motive Mfg Co Inc Wi
23. Table 5 2 39 POWER SUPPLY TROUBLE 5 40 Correct operation of the power supply is vital to proper operation of the SWR Meter Noise or vari ation in the regulated voltages causes erratic instru Model 415E ment operation Noiseor variationinthe offset current Supply causes erratic operation when the 415E isused for expanded operation i e EXPAND control set to any position other than NORM Refer to Paragraph 4 25 for a discussion of power supply operation 9 41 COMPONENT TROUBLE ISOLATION 5 42 The following procedures and data are given to aid in determining whether atransistor is operational Tests are given for both in circuit and out of circuit transistors and should be useful determining whether a particular section trouble is due to a faulty transistor or an associated component 5 43 IN CIRCUIT TESTING 5 44 The common causes of transistor failures are internal short and open circuits In transistor cir cuit testing the most important consideration is the transistor base emitter junction Like the control grid of a vacuum tube this is the operational control point in the transistor This junction is essentially a solid state diode For the transistor to conduct the diode must conduct that is the diode must forward biased As with simple diodes the forward bias po larity is determined by the materials forming the junc 415 21 Figure 5 Switch Component Location 5 10 4
24. different from the calibrated attenuator used The attenuator recommended for test and adjustment and performance testing hasan impedance of 50 ohms Therefore a5 to 10 db 50 ohmattenuator is suggested to be placed between the Oscillator and theattenuators used in the test setup Table 5 2 If a separate atten uatoris notused then one of the Model 355 Attenuators may be left in the setup set to 5 or 10 db or use an impedance matching transformer 5 7 CALIBRATION 5 8 GENERAL 5 9 following procedures outline the adjustments necessary to calibrate the Model 415E The actual adjustments shouldbe madeonly whenit is determined that the instrument is not operating properly To de termine proper performance see Table 5 2 If the instrument fails to meet any of the given limits or in dications refer to the troubleshooting paragraph 5 35 for possible causes and corrective action This pro cedure is sequential to some extent bias sup plies should be set before any attempt to adjust the am plifier Also check the mechanical meter adjustment before checking any indication on the Model 4155 meter Note To avoid errors due to possible groundloop currents isolate the Model 415E from ground used for other measuring instruments It may be necessary to use adapters to unground all instruments except the Model 415E 5 10 MECHANICAL METER ADJUSTMENT 5 11 When the meter is properly set the pointer rests over the ca
25. for all three of the bias supplies measurement steps d e and f must be repeated after any adjustment is made h Remove DC Voitmeter leads from 415E INPUT connector and measure DC potential at BATT termi nal of 415E circuit board assembly circuit board Socket and terminals are located beneath instrument top cover DC potential should be between 12 and 14 volts typically 13 2 volts DC 02152 1 Note For ali DC voltage measurements Voltmeter common lead should be connected to black terminal of rear panel AMPLIFIER OUTPUT connector This is instrument ground 5 14 STABILITY ADJUST 5 15 This adjustment sets the 415E so that a change in operating bandwidth will not affect any meter read ing by more than 0 5 db a Turn 415E on and set as follows INPUT HIGH RANGE DB O DB EXPAND NORM GAIN full CW BANDWIDTH full CW EREQ 45 approximately centered b Connect an Audio Oscillator to the INPUT of 415E and adjust the output frequency and amplitude for a near full scale reading c Adjust 415E FREQ control to be sure that instru ment is tuned to center frequency of input signal max imum meter pointer deflection toward right side of instrument d Switch EXPAND switch to 0 and using the control set a reference of 1 on the 0 to 2 DB scale Turn the BANDWIDTH from fully clockwise to fully counterclockwise and retune The meter reading change should not be mo
26. instead of the 115 or 230 volt AC supply see Paragraph 2 13 Battery operation requires some slightly dif ferent procedures to prolong battery life and to ensure proper results The rechargeable nickel cadmium battery is factory installed iforderedas Option 01 see Paragraph 1 7 The same battery may be ordered and installed later To obtain this order hp Stock Number 00415 606 Rechargeable Battery Installation Kit 3 8 INITIAL BATTERY USE When the Model 415E is to be battery operated for the first time perform the following steps a Switch the Model 415E POWER switch to BAT TERY TEST position and note meter pointer indication A meter pointer indication in the BAT CHARGED area indicates the internally battery properly charged and ready for use A meter pointer indication to the left of the BAT CHARGED area means that the battery must be charged as described below b Connect the Model 415E to AC power source Set POWER switch to BATTERY CHARGE and charge the battery for a minimum of 16 hours or overnight After at least 16 hours of recharge time switch POWER switch to BATTERY TEST position and check battery charge If the battery charge indication is still unsatisfactory see Paragraph 5 35 02152 4 3 9 OPTIMUM BATTERY USAGE Itis recommended that the Model 415E be operated by the battery for up to 8 hours followed by 16 hours of recharge If con tinuous battery operation is required for more than 8 hou
27. minima resulting from 3 6 Model 415E short circuiting the transmission line are easy to lo cate accurately Compute the SWR from the following formula swa Sx 3 29 TEN MINIMUM POWER METHOD other convenient level above minimum method to use for computing SWR is alevel 10 db above minimum The separation A X between these positions Should be put in the following formula 3 SWR gax For standing wave ratios as low as 15 1 the accuracy of this method is within 1 3 30 SWR MEASUREMENT SOURCES OF ERROR Several possibilities have already been mentioned excessive frequency modulation of source smears out sharp deep nulls of high SWR pattern harmonics of signal frequency from source departure of detector from square law behaviour and excessive probe pen etration Also reflections in the transmission line between the slotted line and device being measured must be minimized 3 31 ATTENUATION MEASUREMENT 3 32 The 415E may be used for high resolution in sertion loss measurements simply by inserting the device to be measured between signal source and de tector and noting the change in DB indication on the 415E A typical measurement is shown in Figure 3 7 The continuous coverage of the EXPANDscales allows any attenuation measurement to be made on the EX PAND scales For accurate results both the signal source and the detector should be well matched Im pedance
28. panel AMPLIFIER OUTPUT connector Figure 5 6 Power Supply Waveforms INTERNAL BATTERY OPERATION ONLY 5 14 02152 1 i Model 415E 1000 CPS INPUT SIGNAL 38V XA3 21 1 37 PIN I9 4V P P PIN 18 4V P P 2 6VDC Section V Figure 5 6 PIN 17 3 8MV P P 40KC BANDWIDTH 2 6VDC PIN I6 I70MV PIN 8 O 9V 415E A 14 a Model 415E set to ON HIGH NORM RANGE 0 BANDWIDTH cw FREQ centered GAIN amp VERNIER b MODEL 140A with 1420 amp 1400 set to 0 2 msec cm 400 kc and appropriate vertical sensitivity c Model 200CE Oscillator set to about 1000 cps and for 0 db Model 415E meter reference d Model 412A DC Voltmeter set to appropriate range All measurements made with respect to 415E common black terminal rear panel AMPLIFIER OUTPUT connector Figure 5 7 Signal Flow Waveforms INPUT TO AMPLIFIER OUTPUT 02152 1 Section V Figure 5 8 AMPLIFIER OUTPUT 2 5 P P EXPAND O RECORDER OUTPUT P P 15 0 25 i 4 VDC 14 0 25V 415 0 2V 0 3 8MV 40KC BANDWIDTH PIN 12 O 6MV BANDWIDTH 40KC 415 2 MEASUREMENT CONDITIONS unless othe
29. 05347 05593 05616 05624 05728 000 5 6 3 CODE LIST OF MANUFACTURERS Section VI The following code numbers are from the Federal Supply Code for Manufacturers Cataloging Handbooks 4 1 Name to Code and H4 2 Code to Name and their latest supplements The date of revision and the date of the supplements used appear at the bottom of each page Alphabetical codes have been arbitrarily assigned to Suppliers not appearing in the H4 Handbooks Manufacturer Address U S A Common McCoy Electronics Sage Electronics Corp Any supplier of U S Mount Holly Springs Rochester N Y Cemco Inc Danielson Conn Humidial Colton Calif Microtron Co Inc Valley Stream Garlock Inc Electronics Products Div Aerovox Corp Camden N J New Bedford Mass Amp Inc Harrisburg Pa Aircraft Radio Cor Boonton N J Northern Engineering Laboratories Inc Burlington Wis Sangamo Electric Pickens Div Pickens C Los Angeles Calif Los Angeles Calif Livingston N J Brockton Mass Milwaukee Wis Beverly Hills Calif Lawndale Calif Goe Engineering Co Carl E Holmes Corp Microtab Inc Aiden Products Co Allen Bradley Co Litton Industries Inc Semiconductors Inc Texas Instruments Inc Transistor Products Div Dallas Texas The Alliance Mfg Co Alliance Ohio Pacific Relays Inc Van Nuys Calif Amerock Corp Rockford HI Pulse Engineering Co F
30. 114 Tel 816 333 2445 TWX 919 771 2087 2812 South Brentwood Bivd St Louis 63144 Tel 314 644 0220 190 468 3750 TWX 910 760 1670 NEW JERSEY 391 Grand Avenue Englewood 07631 Tel 201 567 3933 TWX 710 991 9707 NEW MEXICO 0 Box 8366 Station C 87108 6501 Lomas Boulevard Albuquerque Tel 505 255 5586 TWX 910 989 1665 156 Wyatt Drive Las Cruces 88001 Tel 505 526 2485 TWX 910 983 0550 NEW YORK 1702 Central Avenue Albany 12205 Tel 518 869 8462 1219 Campvilie Road Endicott 13760 Tel 607 754 0050 TWX 510 252 0890 236 East 75th Street New York 10021 Tel 212 879 2023 TWX 710 581 4376 82 Washington Street Poughkeepsie 12601 Tel 914 454 7330 TWX 510 248 0012 39 Saginaw Drive Rechester 14623 Tel 718 473 9500 TWX 510 253 5981 1025 Northern Boulevard Rosiyn Long Island 11576 Tel 516 869 8400 TWX 510 223 0811 5858 East Molloy Road Syracuse 13211 Tel 315 454 2486 TWX 710 541 0482 NORTH CAROLINA 5187 1923 North Main Street High Point 27262 Tel 919 882 6873 TWX 510 926 1516 OHIO 5579 Peari Road Cleveland 44129 Tel 216 884 9209 TWX 810 421 8500 2460 South Dixie Drive Dayton 45439 Tel 513 298 0351 TWX 810 459 1925 OREGON Westhills Mail Suite 158 4475 S W Scholis Ferry Road Portland 97225 Tel 503 292 9171 TWX 910 464 6103 326 7000 TWX 910 373 1267 Telex 34 8461 PENNSYLVANIA 2500 M
31. 2 0170 0085 CiFXD MY O 1UF 20 5 84811 601PE STYLE 3 1 0180 0050 CIFXO ELECT 4OUF 15 100 5OVDCW 56289 032538 1 9180 0105 ELECT SEMI POLARIZED 5OUF 25VDCW 56289 034114 0180 0106 CiFXD ELECT 60UF 20 6VOCWw 56289 1500606x000682 2i 0180 0116 ELECT TA 6 8 UF 10 35VDCW 56289 150D685X903582 3 0180 0155 2 20 20 20VDCW 56289 1500225 002042 9340 0086 INSULATOR BINDING POST 28480 0540 0086 1 0340 0090 INSULATOR BINOING POST DOUBLE 28480 0340 0090 1 0360 0024 TERMINAL SLUG GROUNDING FOR POTENTIOMETERS 27942 151023 1 1 0370 0062 KNOB 28480 0370 0062 1 0370 0089 KNOB BLK CONCENTRIC 1 INe OD 17 64IN HOLE 28480 0370 0089 1 0370 0104 KNOBIBLACK BAR W ARROW 13 16 DIA 1 4 SHAFT 28480 0570 0104 2 0370 0106 KNOB 28480 0370 0106 1 0380 0308 SPACERICAPTIVE 28480 0380 0308 2 0698 0082 R FXD MET FLM 460 OHM 1 1 8W 28880 0698 0082 5 0698 0084 RiFXD FLM 2150 OHM 1 1 8W 28480 0698 0084 1 0698 3153 FLM 3830 OMM 1 1 8W 28480 0698 3153 2 0698 3155 RIFXD MET FLM 4640 OMM 1 1 8 28480 0698 3155 2 0698 3156 RIFXD FLM 1407K OHM 1 1 8W 28480 0698 3156 2 0698 3160 RIFXD MET FLM 21 6K OHM 1 1 8W 28480 0698 3160 4 0698 3161 RiFXD FLM 3830 OHM 1 1 8W 28480 0698 3161 1 0698 5162 RIFXD FLM 4640 OHM 1 1 8W 28480 0698 3162 2 0698 5260 RIFXD FLM 464K OHM 1 1 8W 28480 0698 2260 0698 3438 RIFXD MET FLM 147 OHM 1 1 8W 28480 0698 3438 0
32. 3 ma trickle charge is supplied through A3R52 to the battery BT1 Option 01 only If the POWER switch is set to BAT TERY ON position battery current passes through diode 6 to the regulators The BATTERY CHARGE position allows recharging of the battery by placing A3R52 and A4R2 in parallel About 20 ma to 30 ma then flows to the battery depending upon the charge condition of the battery 4 3 4 4 Model 415 Section V Paragraphs 5 1to 5 11 SECTION V MAINTENANCE 5 1 INTRODUCTION 5 2 This section provides instructions for perfor mance testing calibrating troubleshooting and re pairing the SWR Meter 5 3 PERFORMANCE TESTING 5 4 PURPOSE The procedures listed in Table 5 2 check 415E performance for incoming inspection periodic evaluation calibration and troubleshooting tests can be performed without access to the in Strument interior specifications of Table 1 1 are the performance standards 5 5 TEST EQUIPMENT REQUIRED The test in struments and accessories required to make the per formance checks arelisted in Table 5 1 Test instru ments other than the ones listed can be used provided their performance equals or exceeds the Minimum Required Specifications 5 6 ISOLATING ATTENUATOR order to obtain accurate results when checking the Model 415E it is necessary to maintain some attenuation between the Source and the INPUT to compensate for a source im pedance
33. 5263 95264 95265 95275 95348 95354 95712 95984 95987 96067 95095 95256 96296 96330 96341 96501 97464 97539 97979 97983 98141 98159 98220 98278 98291 Manufacturer Address General Cable Corp Bayonne N J Raytheon Co Comp Div Ind Comp Operations Quincy Mass Scientific Electronics Products Inc Loveland Colo Tung Sol Electric Inc Newark N J Curtiss Wright Corp Electronics Div East Paterson N J South Chester Corp Chester Tru Ohm Products Memcor Components Div Huntington ind Wise Cloth Products Inc Bellwood IH Worcester Pressed Aluminum Cosp Worcester Mass Magnecraft Electric Co Chicago ill George A Philbrick Researchers Inc Boston Mass Miami Fla Woodside N Y Long Island N Y Burbank Calif Sheridan Wyo Bridgeport Conn Allies Products Corp Continental Connector Corp Leecraft Mfg Co Inc Lerco Electronics Inc National Coil Co Vitramon Inc Gordos Corp Bloomfield N J Methode Mfg Co Chicago Dage Electric Co Inc Franklin ind Siemon Mfg Co Wayne Weckesset Co Chicago Huggins Laboratories Sunnyvale Calif Hi Q Div of Aerovox Corp Olean Thordarson Meissner Ine Mt Carmel Solar Manufacturing Los Angeles Calif Carlton Screw Chicago Microwave Associates Inc Burlington Mass Excel Transformer Co Oakland Calif Industrial Retaining Ring Co Irvington Automati
34. 59 Kotori cho Nakamura ku Nagoya City Tel 551 0215 Yokogawa Hewlett Packard Ltd Ohashi Building No 59 Yoyogi Shibuya ku Tokyo Tei 370 2281 Cable YOKOHEWPACK Tokyo Telex 232 2034 KENYA R J Tilbury Ltd P 0 Box 2754 Suite 517 518 Hote Ambassadeur Nairobi Tel 25670 26803 68206 Cable ARJAYTEE Nairobi KOREA American Trading Co Korea Ltd Seoul 0 Box 1103 112 35 Sokong Dong Jung ku Seoul Tel 3 7049 3 7613 Cable AMTRACO Seoul LEBANON Constantin E Macridis Clemenceau Street Clemenceau Center Beirut Tel 220846 Cable ELECTRONUCLEAR Beirut MALAYSIA MECOMB Malaysia Ltd 2 Lorong 13 6A Section 13 Petaling Jaya Selangor Cable MECOMB Kuala Lumpur NEW ZEALAND Sample Electronics 2 Ltd 8 Matipo Street Onehunga 5 5 Auckland Tel 667 356 Cable ELPMAS Auckland PAKISTAN EAST Mushko amp Company Ltd 31 Jinnah Avenue Dacca Tel 80058 Cable COOPERATOR Dacca PAKISTAN WEST Mushko amp Company Ltd Oosman Chambers Victoria Road Karachi 3 Tel 51027 52927 Gable COOPERATOR Karachi SINGAPORE Mechanical and Combustion Engineering Company Ltd 9 Jalan Kilang Singapore 3 Tet 642361 3 Cable MECOMB Singapore SOUTH AFRICA F H Flanter amp Co Pty Ltd Rosella House Buitencingle Street Cape Town Tel 3 3817 Cable AUTOPHONE Cape Town F H Flanter amp Co Ply Ltd 104 Pharmacy House 80 Jori
35. 61 133 Cable INTO Helsinki FRANCE Hewlett Packard France 2 rue T te d Or Lyon 6 Rh ne Tel 52 35 66 Hewlett Packard France 150 Boulevard Massena Paris 13e Tel 707 97 19 Cable HEWPACK Paris GERMANY Hewlett Packard Vertriebs GmbH Lietzenburger Strasse 30 1 Berlin W 30 Tel 24 86 36 Hewlett Packard Vertriebs GmbH Herrenberger Strasse 110 703 B blingen W rttemberg Tel 07031 6971 Cable HEPAG Boblingen Hewlett Packard Vertriebs GmbH Achenbachstrasse 15 4 D sseldorf 1 Tel 68 52 58 59 HEWLETT no PACKARD ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION SALES AND SERVICE Hewlett Packard Vertriebs GmbH Kurhessenstrasse 95 6 Frankfurt 50 Tel 52 00 36 Cable HEWPACKSA Frankfurt Hewlett Packard Vertriebs GmbH Beim Strohhause 26 2 Hamburg 1 Tel 24 05 51 52 Cable HEWPACKSA Hamburg Hewlett Packard Vertriebs GmbH Reginfriedstrasse 13 8 Munich 9 Tel 69 51 21 22 Cable HEWPACKSA Munich GREECE Kostos Karayannis 18 Ermou Street Athens 126 Tel 230 301 Cable RAKAR Athens IRELAND Hewlett Packard Ltd 224 Bath Road Slough Bucks England Tel Slough 28406 9 29486 9 Cable HEWPIE Slough ITALY Hewlett Packard Italiana S p A Viale Lunigiana 46 Milan Tel 69 15 84 Cable HEWPACIT Milan Hewlett Packard Italiana S p Palazzo Italia Piazza Marconi 25 Rome Eur Tek 591 2544 Cable HEWPACIT Rome NETHERLANDS Hewlett Packard Benelux N V de Boelelaan 1043 Amsterdam 2 2 Tel
36. 698 3441 MET FLM 215 OHM 1 1 8W 88480 0698 3441 2 0698 3444 R FXD MET FLM 316 OHM 1 1 8W 28480 0698 3444 3 0698 3446 MET FLM 383 OHM 1 1 8W 28480 0698 3446 1 0698 3452 FLM 147K OHM 1 1 88 28480 0698 3452 1 0698 3454 RIFXD MET FLM 215K OHM 1 1 88 28480 0698 3454 3 0698 3457 R FXD MET FLM 316K OHM 1 1 8W 28480 0698 5457 L 0698 3525 R FXD FLM 118 OHM 0 5 1 8w 28480 0698 5525 1 0698 2527 RIFXD MET FLM 187 5 OHM 0 5 1 8W 28480 0698 5527 0698 2529 R FXD FLM 297 OHM 0 5 1 8W 28480 0698 5529 i 0698 5550 RIFXD FLM 470 OHM 0 5 1 8W 28480 0698 2550 1 0698 5531 R FXD FLM 745 OHM 0 5 1 BW 28480 0698 5551 1 0698 4057 R FXD MET FLM 46 4 OHM 1 1 8W 28480 0698 4037 2 0698 5001 R FXD MET FLM 15 2K OHM 1 1 84 28480 0698 5001 2 See list of abbreviations in introduction to this section 6 8 02152 4 1 415 Section VI Table 6 2 Table 6 2 Replaceable Parts Cont d Stock No Description Mfr Mfr Part No TQ 0698 6109 RIFXD MET FLM 18 2 OHM 25 1 8W 28480 0698 6109 2 0698 6110 RIFXD MET FLM 20 2 OHM 25 1 8W 28480 0698 6110 1 0698 6111 REFXD FLM 182 OHM 25 1 8W 28480 0698 6111 2 0698 6112 RiFXD FLM 202 OHM 25 1 8W 28480 0698 6112 2 0698 6115 RiFXD MET FLM 1820 OHM 25 1 8W 28480 0698 6115 0698 5112 R FXD FLM 182K OHM 25 1 99 28480 0698 6114 1
37. 854 0071 TRANSISTOR SILICON NPN 2N3391 A3Q3 1854 0071 TRANSISTOR SILICON NPN 2553391 A3Qu 1854 0071 TRANSISTOR SILICON NPN 2N3391 A305 1854 0071 TRANSISTOR SILICON 2N3391 A3Q6 1854 0071 TRANSISTOR SILICON NPN 2N3391 1854 0071 TRANSISTOR SILICON NPN 2N3391 A308 1854 0071 TRANSISTORSSILICON NPN 2N3391 A309 1855 0020 TRANSISTOR SILICON PNP A3Q10 1853 0020 YRANSISTOR SILICON PNP A3011 1854 0071 YRANSISTORISILICON NPN 2N3391 A3012 1853 0020 TRANSISTOR SILICON PNP A3013 1854 0071 TRANSISTOR SILICON NPN 2N3391 A3014 1854 0003 TRANSISTORINPN SILICON 3045 1853 0020 TRANSTSTOR SILICON 3016 1850 0062 TRANSISTOR GERMANIUM 2N404 3017 1854 0071 TRANSISTOR SILICON NPN 233391 1 0757 0465 RIFXD FLM 100K OHM 1 1 8W See list of abbreviations in introduction to this section 02152 4 6 3 Section VI Model 415E Table 6 1 Table 6 1 Reference Designation Index Cont d 1 hop Stock No Description Note 0698 2260 RIFXD MET FLM 464K OHM 1 1 88 ASRS 0757 0199 RIFXD FLM 2165 OHM 1 1 88 0698 0082 RIFXD MET FLM OHM 19 1 8W A3RS 0757 0439 RIFXO MET FLM 6 81K OHM 15 1 68 A3R6 0698 3444 RIFXD FLM 216 OHM 1 1 B8W A3R 0757 0199 MET FLM 21 56 OHM 1 1 88 A3R8 0698 3260 FLM 464K OHM 1 1 8W A3R9 0698 0082 R sFXD FLM 46 OHM 18 1 8W 3810 0698 3454 FLM 215K OHM 1
38. ACK 28480 1510 0006 1 1510 0007 BINDING POST ASSEMBLY IRED 28480 1510 0007 1 1850 0062 TRANSISTORIGERMANIUM 2N4Q4 28480 1850 0062 RE 1853 0020 TRANSISTOR SILICON PNP 28480 1853 0020 4 1854 0003 TRANSISTOR NPN SILICON 28480 1854 0003 1 1854 0071 TRANSISTOR SILICON NPN 2N3391 89473 164792 12 1901 0025 DIODE JUNCTION 110OMA iV 100 PIV 28480 1901 0025 6 1901 0033 DIODESSILICON 100 AT 180 WIV 284801 1901 0033 2 1902 0048 SEMICON BREAKDOWN 6 8V 10 28480 1902 0048 1 1910 0016 OIODESGERMANIUM 100MA O 85V 60PIV 28480 1910 0016 2 2100 1574 R VAR COMP 250K 108 20CWLOG ISK 20 LIN 28480 2100 1574 1 2100 1577 RIVAR ww DUAL 1200 OHM 10 LIN TANDEM 28480 2100 1577 3 2100 1578 RIVAR COMP 100K OHM 10 20 CCWLOG 13W 28480 2100 1578 1 2100 1611 R VAR WW 300 OHM 5 iW LIN 1 5W 28880 2100 1611 1 2100 1612 RIVAR COMP 500 OHM 20 LIN 1 58 28480 2100 1612 1 2100 1615 RiVAR COMP 2K OHM 20 LIN 1 5W 28480 2100 1615 1 2110 0011 FUSESCARTRIDGE 3 AG 1 16 250 75915 312062 1 5100 1805 SWITCHIROTARY 28480 3100 1805 1 3100 1806 SWITCHIROTARY 28480 3100 1806 i 3100 1807 SWITCHIROTARY 28480 3100 1807 11 3101 0035 SWITCHISLIDE 42190 4633 5000 0705 COVER SIDE 6 X 11 SM 28480 5000 0703 2 5000 0717 COVERIHALF MODULE BOTTOM 28480 5000 0717 1 x See list of abbreviations in introduction to this section 02152 4 6 9 Section VI Mo
39. ASR4O 0698 4057 RSFXO FLM S604 OHM 18 1 88 AJRULI 0757 0442 RIFXD MET FLM 10 0 OHM 1 1 88 A3R42 0698 5260 FLM 464K OHM 1 1 88 A3R43 0698 2457 R amp FXO MET FLM 316K OHM 1 1 88 84 0698 3454 RIFXD FLM 215K OHM 1 1 8W A3RUS 0757 0465 RSFXD MET FLM 100K OHM 1 1 8W A3R46 0698 0082 R3FXD MET FLM 464 OHM 1 1 89 ASRU 0757 0199 RIFXD FLM 2105K OHM 1 1 88 A3Ru8 0698 0082 RIFXD MET FLM 464 OHM 18 1 88 0698 3444 RIFXD MET FLM 316 OHM 1 1 8W A3RSO 0757 0401 REFXO MET FLM 100 OHM 1 1 84 83851 0698 3458 2 MET FLM 147 OHM 18 1 68 A3R52 0698 3153 RIFXD MET FLM 3830 OHM 1 1 88 See list of abbreviations in introduction to this section 6 4 02152 4 Model 415 Section VI Table 6 1 Table 6 1 Reference Designation Index Cont d I Pen Stock No Description 4 Note A3R53 0757 0442 RIFXD MET FLM 10 0K OHM 1 1 8W ASR5u 2100 1615 RIVAR COMP 2K OHM 20 LIN 1 5W A3R55 0757 0441 RIFXD FLM 8 25 OHM 1 1 88 A3R56 0698 3155 RIFXD MET FLM 4640 OHM 18 1 8 A3R57 2100 1612 R1VAR COMP 500 OHM 20 LIN 1 5W 58 0698 3153 RIFXD MET FLM 3830 OHM 1 1 8W A3RS9 0757 0442 RIFXD MET FLM 10 0 OHM 1 1 8W A3R60 0698 3160 R amp FXD MET FLM 21 6K OHM 1 1 8W A2R61 0757 0462 RIFXD MET FLM 51 1K OHM 1 1 8W Ay 004 15 608 SWITCH ASSEMBLY POWER AUR 0698 3161 RIFXD FLM 28 2K OHM 1 1 8W AQR2 0698 3446 RIFXD MET FLM 383 OHM 1
40. Calif 00002 Willow Leather Products Corp Newark N J 000AA British Radio Electronics Ltd Washington D C 000AB England 000BB Precision Instrument Components Co Yan Nuys Calif 00MM Rubber Eng amp Development Hayward Calif OONN A NU D Mfg Co San Jose Calif 90000 Cooltton Oakland Calif 000WW California Eastern Lab Burlington Calif 000YY S K Smith Co Los Angeles Calif From FSC Handbook Supplements H4 1 Dated JULY 1965 H4 2 Dated NOV 1962 6 13 Model 415E Appendix APPENDIX OPTION 01 02 The 415E Option 01 instrument consists of a standard Model 415E SWR Meter with a battery installed allow ing either AC Line or portable operation of the instru ment The 415E Option 02 Instrument consists ofa standard Model 415E SWR Meter with a rear panel INPUT connector installed and wired in parallel with the front panel connector Either INPUT connector may be used at any one time Model 415E which is designated as 415E Option 01 02 is merely an instru ment with both the rear panel connector and the inter nal battery installed Paragraph 3 8 explains opera tion of the instrument with a battery installed A list of component parts required for or included with installation in your instrument is included on the next to last pageof Table 6 1in this manual Instruc tions for installation or removal of either or both of these instrument options are given below INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 1 O
41. Calif Melabs Inc Palo Alto Calif Philadelphia Handle Co Clarostat Mig Co Nippon Electric Co Ltd Cod No 12881 12930 12954 13103 13396 13835 14099 14193 14298 14433 14493 14655 14674 14752 14960 15203 15291 16558 15566 15772 15818 15909 16037 16179 16352 16688 16758 17109 17474 17675 11 18042 18476 18486 18583 18873 18911 19315 19500 19644 19701 20183 21226 21335 21520 23783 24455 24655 26365 26462 26992 28480 33173 35434 36196 37942 39543 40920 42190 43990 Table 6 3 Menvfacturer Address Metex Electronics Corp Clark Delta Semiconductor inc Dickson Electronics Corp Thermolloy Dallas Texas Telefunken GmbH Hanover Germany Midland Wright Div of Pacific Industries Inc Kansas City Kansas Newbury Park Calif Calif Resistor Corp Santa Monica Calif American Components inc Conshohocken Pa ITT Semiconductor A Div of Int Telephone amp Telegraph Corp West Palm Beach Fla Hewlett Packard Company Loveland Colo Corneli Dublier Electric Corp Newark N J Corning Glass Works Corning N Y Electro Cube So Pasadena Calif Williams Mfg Co San Jose Calif Webster Electronics Co New York N Y Adjustable Bushing Co N Hollywood Calif Micron Electronics Garden City Long Island N Y Amprobe Inst Corp Lynbrook Twentieth Century Coil Spring Co Santa Clara Calif Inc Mt View Cali
42. Columbus Ohio Defiance Ohio Calif New York N Y Boston Mass Orange Conn All Star Products Inc Avery Adhesive Label Corp Hammarlund Co inc Stevens Arnold Co Inc International Instruments Inc Grayhill Co LaGrange Triad Transformer Corp Venice Calif Winchester Elec Div Litton Ind Inc Oakville Conn Military Specification wy we International Rectifier Corp El Segundo Calif Aitpax Electronics Inc Cambridge Mass Barry Controls Div Barry Wright Corp Watertown Mass Carter Precision Electric Co Skokie I Sperti Faraday Copper Hewitt Electric Div Hoboken Jeffers Electronics Division of Speer Carbon Co Du Bois Fairchild Camera amp inst Corp Defense Prod Division Clifton N J Maguire Industries Inc Sylvania Electric Prod Inc Greenwich Conn Electronic Tube Division Emporium Pa Astron Corp East Newark Harrison Switchcraft inc Chicago Metals amp Controls Inc Spencer Products Attleboro Mass Phillips Advance Contro Co Joliet Hl Research Products Corp Madison Wis Rotron M g Co inc Woodstock N Y Vector Electronic Co Glendale Calif Western Washer Mfg Co Los Angeles Calif Cart Fastener Co Cambridge Mass New Hampshire Ball Bearing inc Peterborough General Instrument Capacitor Div Darlington C Los Angeles Calif Springfield N J Red Bank N J ITT W
43. E Receiving Tube Dept Lectrohm inc Stanwyck Coil Products Ltd Hawkesbury Ontario Canada Mallory amp Co inc Indianapolis ind Mechanical industries Prod Co Akron Ohio Miniature Precision Bearings Inc Keene N H Muter Co Chicago lil Norgren Co Englewood Colo From FSC Handbook Supplements H4 1 Dated JULY 1965 H4 2 Dated NOV 1962 6 11 Section VI CODE LIST OF MANUFACTURERS Continued Table 6 3 Code No Manufacturer Address 44655 Ohmite Mig Co Skokie Ill 46384 Penn Eng 8 Mfg Corp Doylestown Pa 47904 Polaroid Corp Cambridge Mass 48620 49956 52090 52983 54294 55026 55933 55938 56127 56289 59446 59730 Precision Thermometer amp inst Co Southampton Pa Waltham Mass Westminster Md Waltham Mass Selma N C Microwave amp Power Tube Div Rowan Controller Co Sanborn Company Shallcross Mfg Co Simpson Electric Co Chicago Sonotone Corp Elmsford Raytheon Co Commercial Apparatus amp Systems Div o Norwalk Conn Spaulding Fibre Co Inc Tonawanda N Y Sprague Electric Co North Adams Mass Telex Inc St Paul Minn Thomas amp Betts Co Elizabeth N J 60741 Triplett Electrical inst Co Bluffton Ohio 61775 Union Switch and Signal Div of Westinghouse Air Brake Co Pittsburgh 62119 Universal Electric Co Owosso Mich 63743 Ward Leonard Electric Co Mt Vernon N Y 64959 Western Electric Co Inc
44. General Industries Co The Elyria Ohio Goshen Stamping amp Tool Goshen Ind JFD Electronics Corp Jennings Radio Mfg Corp Signatite Inc Brooklyn San Jose Calif Neptune N J J H Winns and Sons Winchester Mass Industrial Condenser Corp Chicago Products Division of Amphenol Borg Electronics Corp Danbury Conn E F Johnson Co Waseca Minn International Resistance Co Philadelphia Pa CTS Knights Inc Sandwich Kulka Electric Corporation Mt Vernon Lenz Electric Mfg Co Chicago Littlefuse Inc Des Plaines Il Lord Mfg Co Erie C W Marwedel San Francisco Calif James Millen Mfg Co Inc Malden Mass J W Miller Co Los Angeles Calif Cinch Monadnock Div of United Carr Fastener Corp Mueller Electric Co National Union Manufacturing Co Bendix Corp The Bendix Pacific Div N Hollywood Calif Pacific Metals San Francisco Calif Phanostran Instrument and Electronic Co South Pasadena Calif Philadelphia Steel and Wire Corp Philadelphia Pa American Machine amp Foundry Co Potter amp Brumfield Div Princeton Ind TRW Electronic Components Div Camden N J General instrument Corp Rectifier Div Brooklyn N Y Resistance Products Co Harrisburg Pa Rubbercraft Corp of Calif Torrance Calif Shakeproof Division of Illinois Tool Works Leandro Calif Cleveland Ohio Newark Crystal Lake El
45. ISE A 22 Figure 5 3B Switch Component Location 02152 2 E Model 415 5 23 ETCHED CONDUCTOR REPAIR broken or burned section of conductor can be repaired by bridging the damaged section with a length of tinned copper wire Allow adequate overlap and remove any var nish from etched conductor before soldering wire into place 5 24 TRANSISTOR REPLACEMENT a Do not apply excessive heat See Table 5 3 for Soldering tool specifications b Use a heat sink such as pliers or hemostat be tween transistor body and hot soldering iron c When installing a replacement transistor ensure sufficient lead length to dissipate heat of soldering by maintaining about the same length of exposed lead as used for original transistor 5 25 DIODE REPLACEMENT 5 26 Solid state diodes are in many physical forms This sometimes results in confusion as to which lead Or connection is for the cathode negative or anode positive since not all diodes are marked with the Standard symbols Figure 5 2 shows examples some diode marking methods If doubt exists as to polarity an ohmmeter may be used to determine the proper connection It is necessary to knowthe polarity of the ohms lead with respect to the common lead for the ohmmeter used For the hp Model 410B Vacuum Voltmeter the ohms lead is negative with respect to the common for the hp Model 412A DC Vacuum Voltmete
46. LECT 2 2 UF 20 20VDCW A3C18 0160 0299 C FXD MYLAR 0018 UF 10 200VOCW A3Ci9 0160 2120 CIFXO MICA Q O1UF 15 A3C20 0180 0155 CiFXD ELECT 2 2 UF 20 20VDCW A3C21 0150 0096 CIFXO CER O 05UF 100VDCW A3C22 0180 0105 ELECT SEMI POLARIZED SOUF 25VDCW A3C23 0140 0176 C8FXO MICA 100 PF 2 300 VDCW 0180 0155 CIFXD ELECT 2 2 UF 20 2OVDCW A3C25 0180 0105 CIFXO ELECT SEMI POLARIZED SOUF 25VDCW A3C26 0180 0116 CiFXD ELECT TA 648 UF 10 35VDCW A3C27 0180 0105 ELECT SEMI POLARIZED SOUF 25VOCW A3C28 0180 0116 CIFXO ELECT 6 8 UF 10 35VDCW A3C29 0180 0105 ELECT SEMI POLARIZED SOUF 25VDCW A3C30 0180 0050 ELECT GOUF 15 W 1008 SOVOCW A3C31 0180 0155 C1FXO ELECT 2 2 UF 20 20VDCW A3C32 0170 0085 CiFXO MY O 1UF 20 SOVOCW A3C33 0150 0093 OoO4UF 480 208 100VDCW A3CRI 1901 0025 DIODE JUNCTION 100 MA AT 1V 100 PIV A3CR2 1901 0025 DIODEy JUNCTION 100 MA 1V 100 PIV Y ASCR3 1901 0025 DIODE JUNCTION LOO AT 1V 100 PIV A3SCR4 1901 0033 DIODE SILICON 100 AT 1V 180 A3CRS 1901 0033 DIODEISILICON 100 MA 1V 180 WIV AXCR 1901 0025 DIODE JUNCTION 100 MA AT 1V 100 PIV ASCRT 1910 0016 DIODE GERMANIUM 100MA 0 85 60PIV A3CRB 1910 0016 DIODE GERMANIUM 100MA AT O 85V 6OPIV ASCR9 1901 0025 DIODE JUNCTION LOO MA AT 1V 100 PIV ASCRLO 1902 0048 SEMICON DEVICE DIODE BREAKDOWN 6 8V 10 A301 1854 0071 TRANSISTOR SILICON NPN 2N3391 A3Q2 1
47. PTION 01 Set POWER switch to OFF and remove power plug from 415E b Remove top and bottom instrument covers BATTERY lt BATTERY COVER 20 Figure 1 1 Battery Cover Assembly 02152 1 c Refer to Figure 1 1 which shows the cover and battery disassembled and install from bottom of in Strument into the top deck Note The battery should be installed so that the two battery terminals are toward the top and front of the instrument d Using the four retaining nuts fasten the battery cover tightly in place CAUTION DO NOT SHORT BATTERY TERMINALS AT ANY TIME AS THIS MAY CAUSE BATTERY CELL DAMAGE Using a low heat soldering iron See Table 5 3 solder a red lead wire 22 gauge stranded between the battery terminal and the circuit board socket terminal marked f Solder a black lead wire 22 gauge stranded between the negative battery terminal and the circuit board socket terminal marked BATT 6 Removal is the reverse of installation 2 OPTION 02 Refer to Figure I 2 which shows the proper as sembly of the rear panel connector and cable assembly b The shielded cable ground for the rear panel connector must be connected tothe front panel INPUT ground to minimize noise pickup and signal reference problems center conductor must be connected to RANGE DB switch 151 at the same point as the green wire leading to the front panel BNC input con nector
48. The A part of Figure 5 4 shows transistor symbols withterminals labelled Notice that the emitter arrow points toward the type N material The other two columns of the illustration compare the biasing required to cause con duction and cut off in transistors and vacuum tubes If the transistor base emmiter diode junction is forward biased the transistor conducts Ifthe diode is heavily forward biased the transistor saturates However if the base emitter diode is reverse biased the transistor is cut off open The voltage drop forward biased emitter base diode varies with transistor collector current For example germanium transistor has a typical forward bias base emitter voltage of 0 2 0 3 volts when collector current is 1 10 ma and 0 4 0 5 volts when collector current is 10 100 ma In contrast forward bias volt age for silicon transistors is about twice that for ger manium types about 0 5 0 6 volts when collector eur rent is low and about 0 8 0 9 volts when collector current is high 5 45 Figure 5 4 part B shows simplified versions the three basic transistor circuits and gives the operating characteristics of each When examining transistor stage first determine if the emitter base diode is biased for conduction forward biased by measuring the voltage difference between emitter and base When using an electronic voltmeter do not measure directly between emitter andbase there may be sufficient lo
49. UPPLY AND SIGNAL FLOW PATH Figure 4 1 02152 1 FINAL AMPLIFIER A3QIO 13 AMPLIFIER A3Q8 Q9 TUNED AMPLIFIER AMPLIFIER OUTPUT FRED Block Diagram Section IV Paragraphs 4 5 to 4 21 4 5 RANGE ATTENUATOR 4 6 signal from 151 is fed to the first section of the RANGE DB switch 251 and then to the input amplifier The second section of A281 is located be tween the input amplifier and the second amplifier RANGE DB Switch positions are marked in 10 db steps 4 7 INPUT AMPLIFIER 4 8 After passing through the first section of the range attenuator 251 the signal goes to the input amplifier A3Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 which consists of four transistors in cascade The input signal is applied to the base of A3Q1 and the final amplifier signal is taken from the collector of A3Q4 The GAIN and VERNIER controls are associated with this amplifier and vary its gain over a range of more than 10 to 1 GAIN control Ri the coarse control is a 250K ohm variable resistor which adjusts the amount of negative feedback from the collector of A3Q4 to the emitter of A3Q1 VER NIER control R2 is a fine gain control and changes gain by inserting 0 to 5000 ohms in series with the output signal 4 9 SECOND AMPLIFIER 4 10 Transistors A3Q5 and A3Q6 amplify the signal from the second section of the range attenuator AC feedback provides gain stability and hi
50. and a fast charge rate of 16 mA to 18 mA where applicable The bat tery may be charged at a trickle rate indefinitely Do not charge the batteries in an environment with temperatures above 95 F 35 C or below 32 F 0 Whenever possible charge the bat tery at moderate temperatures 70 F 10 F 21 C 5 6 C Operation of the battery in the same moderate temperatures as for battery charging will provide maximum performance Do not store the battery at temperatures above 122 F 50 C or below 4 F 20 C Prolonged storage 90 days under ideal conditions may quire three to five charge discharge cycles to reach full capacity Do not short circuit the battery because the ex ceedingly low internal resistance will allow dis charge at extremely high current levels This will result in battery damage 02152 4 Model 415E Appendix II APPENDIX Backdating information for Model 415E with Serials Prefixed 530 1 Substitute the component locations in Figure 1 1 2 Page 5 19 Figure 5 11 A3R6 change to 215 ohms Page 5 21 Figure 5 12 A3R33 and A3R34 change to 15 4 K ohms A3R21 change to 316 ohms Table 6 1 A3R6 change to 0698 3441 fxd met flm 215 ohm 1 1 8W A3R21 change to 0698 3444 R fxd met flm 316 ohm 1 1 8W A3R33 and A3R34 change to 0698 3540 R fxd met flm 15 4 ohms 1 1 8W Table 6 2 Add 0698 3540 R fxd met flm 15 4 K ohm 1 1 8W Mfr 28480 TQ 2 Delete 0698 5001 R fxd
51. andling and insure adequately before shipping Note When an instrument is being returned to the Hewlett Packard Company for service or pair attach atag tothe instrument specifying the owner and desired action Allcorrespon dence should identify the instrument by model number and the full eight digit serial number 02152 1 Model 451 Section Paragraphs 3 1 to 3 14 SECTION OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 3 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 This section contains information and procedures foroperation of the Model 415E from either AC or bat tery power source in making swr and attenuation measurements Also included isinformation slotted line techniques instruction in the use of aSmith Chart for plotting load impedance and discussion of Model 415E noise performance with various source imped ances and noise effect on meter indication 3 3 FRONT AND REAR PANEL FIXTURES 3 4 Figures 3 1 and 3 2 identify by number the front and rear panel fixtures of the Model 415E The des criptions in Table 3 1 are keyed by number 1 12 for front 13 18 for rear to the figures Further infor mation regarding the various settings and uses of the controls indicators connections and adjustments is included inthe procedures of this section Information on battery is found in Paragraph 3 6 3 5 GENERAL OPERATING AND MEASUREMENT CONSIDERATIONS 3 6 BATTERY OPERATION 3 7 The Model 415E may be operated froma battery
52. average meter read ing due to noise difference between these two reading is used to obtain the proper correction factor from Figure 3 12 For example if the average noise level is 9 5 db and the measured signal level is 3 5 db then the difference is 6 db Refer to Figure 3 12 6 db corresponds to an error of 0 1 db This 0 1 db correction factor is always added to measured signal Hence 3 5 0 1 3 6 db corrected meter reading 3 53 USE OF CRYSTAL DETECTORS 3 54 The input impedance of Model415E must always be higher than the output or source impedance of a 02152 1 Section Paragraphs 3 52 to 3 56 bolometer or crystal detector connected to the INPUT connector see Paragraph 4 21 for discussion For low output impedance devices such as 100 to 200 ohm detectors use 415E XTAL IMPED LOW switch posi tion For high output impedance devices such as hp Models 420B 423B 424B or 786D use 415E XTAL IMPED HIGH position If improper input impedance is selected the crystaldetector may depart from square law for which 415E is calibrated Paragraph 3 55 gives method of checking and calibrating detector for square law response 3 55 CHECKING SQUARE LAW RESPONSE 3 56 Increase the power leveltothe crystal detector by known increments and note detector response on 415E Note a deviation in square law response may be due to excessive RF power to the crystal detector see Operating literature for specified response
53. c amp Precision Mfg Englewood N Reon Resistor Corp Yonkers N Y Litton System Inc Adler Westrex Commun Div New Rochelle N Y R Troncis Inc Jamaica N Y Rubber Teck Inc Gardena Calif Hewlett Packard Co Moseley Div Pasadena Calif So Pasadena Calif Mamaroneck N Y Microdot Inc Sealectro Corp Code No 98376 38731 38734 98821 98978 99109 99313 99378 99515 99707 99800 99848 39934 99942 99957 Section VI Table 6 3 Monvfacturer Address Zero Mfg Co Burbank Calif Generai Mills Inc Electronics Div Minneapolis Minn Paeco Div of Hewlett Packard Co Palo Alto Calif North Hills Electronics Inc Glen Cove N Y International Electronic Research Corp Burbank Calif Columbia Technical Corp New York N Y Varian Associates Palo Alto Calif Atlee Corp Winchester Mass Marshall Ind Elect Products Div San Marino Calif Contro Switch Division Controls of America Segundo Calif Delevan Electronics Corp East Aurora N Y Wilco Corporation Indianapolis Ind Renbrandt inc Bosten Mass Hoffman Electronics Corp Semiconductor Div El Monte Calif Technology Instrument Corp of Calif Newbury Calif THE FOLLOWING HP VENDORS HAVE NO NUMBER ASSIGNED IN THE LATEST SUPPLEMENT TO THE FEDERAL SUPPLY CODE FOR MANUFACTURERS HANDBOOK 0000F Malco Tool and Die Los Angeles Calif 0000M Westem Coil Div of Automatic Iad Inc Redwood City
54. cking error is less than 20 02 db 5 18 REPAIR AND REPLACEMENT 5 19 Certain procedures and precautions must be followed when repairing or replacing any component of the Model 415 Most of the amplifier and power Supply circuit components are located on the etched circuit board Instructions for working on the etched circuit board are summarized in Paragraph 5 20 Always disconnect the or battery power before re placing or soldering any parts Instruction for removal and replacement of switches is detailed in Paragraph 5 27 5 20 ETCHED CIRCUITS 5 21 The etched circuit board in the SWR Meter is of the plated through type consisting of metallic ductors bonded to both sides of insulating material Soldering can be done from either side ofthe board with equally good results Table 5 3 lists requiredtools and materials Following are recommendations and pre cautions pertinent to etched circuit repair work Avoid unnecessary component substitution it can result in damage to the circuit board and or adjacent components b Do not use high power soldering etched Circuit boards Excessive heat may lift a conductor or damage the board Model 415 Use a suction device Table 5 3 or wooden tooth pick to remove solder from component mounting holes DO NOT USE A SHARP METAL OBJECT SUCH AS AN AWL OR TWIST DRILL FOR THIS PURPOSE SHARP OBJECTS MAY DAMAGE THE PLATED THROUGH CONDUCTOR d Af
55. ctions are given below a Placethe adapter frame on edge of benchas shown step 1 Figure 2 4 b Stackthe sub modularunits inthe frame as shown in step 2 Figure 2 4 Place the spacer clamps be tween instruments as shown in step 3 Figure 2 4 c Place spacer clamps on thetwo end instruments see step 4 Figure 2 4 and push the combination into the frame d Insert screws oneither side of frame andtighten until sub modular instruments are tight in the frame The complete assembly is ready for rack mounting 2 9 THREE CONDUCTOR POWER CABLE 2 10 To protect operating personnel the National Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMA rec ommends that the instrument panel and cabinet be grounded 11 Hewlett Packard instruments are 02152 1 equipped with a three conductor power cable which when plugged into an appropriate receptacle grounds the instrument The offest pin on the power cable three prong connector is the ground wire 2 11 To preserve the protection feature when ating the instrument from a two contact outlet use a three prong to two prong adapter and connect the green pigtail on the adapter to ground 2 12 PRIMARY POWER REQUIREMENTS 2 13 The Model 415E can be operated from anAC or DC primary power source The AC source canbe either 115 or 230 volts 50 to 400 cps TheDC sourceis a 24 volt rechargeable battery The rechargeable bat tery is supplied with option 01 instrume
56. ddition operating and servicing information for Model 415E instruments with Options 01 and or 02 described be low is also included a Option 01 Factory installed 24 volt recharge able battery capable of supplying up to 36 hours con tinuous operation of the Model 415E 1f not initially installed as an option the same battery is available on order from Hewlett Packard see Paragraph 2 17 b Option 02 Additional input connector on rear panel wired in parallel with the front panel INPUT con If not initially installed as an option the con nector cable assembly is available on order from Hewlett Packard see Paragraph 2 17 1 1 Section H Model 415 Figures 2 1 and 2 2 DIVIDER ASSEMBLY DIVIDER LATCH RETAINER Figure 2 1 The Combining Case 415 8 Kr op ss o INSERT DIVIDER ENGAGING TABS IN TOP AND BOTTOM MOUNTING SLOTS PUSH RETAINER DOWN TO RELEASE WIST DIVIDER TO VERTICAL POSITION SLIDE INSTRUMENT PUSH IN TO LIMIT TO SET RETAINER BACK IN PLACE ENGAGE HOOKS FIRST ON ONE SIDE OF DIVIDER THEN ON OTHER PUSH RETAINER UP TO LOCK SLIDE LATCH LOCK DIVIDER Figure 2 2 Steps to Place Instrument in Combining Case 2 0 02152 1 Model 415E Section Paragraphs 2 1 to 2 16 SECTION Il PREPARATION FOR USE 2 1 INCOMING INSPECTION 2 2 This instrument was ins
57. del 415E Table 6 2 Table 6 2 Replaceable Parts Cont d Stock No Description Mfr Mfr Part No 5020 0701 SPACER 28480 5020 0701 5 5040 0700 HINGE 28480 5040 0700 2 5060 0703 FRAME ASSEMBLY 28480 5060 0703 2 5060 0720 COVERIHALF RECESS TOP 28480 5060 0720 1 5060 0728 FOOT ASSY HALF MODULE 28480 5060 0728 2 8120 0078 CABLEIPOWER 7 5FT 70903 KH4147 1 9100 0392 TRANSFORMER AUD10O 28480 9100 0392 1 9100 0395 TRANSFORMER 2 POWER 28480 9100 0393 1 00415 002 FRONT 28480 00415 002 1 00415 003 DIAL ASSYer EXPAND 28480 00415 003 1 00415 00 PANEL REAR 28480 00415 00484 1 00415 006 BATTERY OPTION 01 28480 00415 006 1 00415 608 SWITCH ASSEMBLY POWER 28480 00415 608 1 00415 601 SWITCH ASSEMBLY INPUT 28480 00415 601 1 00415 602 SWITCH ASSEMBLY RANGE 28480 00415 602 1 00415 603 BOARD ASSEMBLY AMPLIFIER 28480 00415 603 1 00415 607 CABLE SPECIAL PURPOSE ELECTRICAL OPT O2 28480 00415 6507 2 i pa See list of abbreviations in introduction to this section 6 10 02152 2 Model 415 Code No 00000 00136 00213 00287 00334 00348 00373 00656 30779 00781 00815 00853 00866 00851 00329 01009 01121 01255 01281 01295 01349 01589 01930 01961 02114 02286 02660 02735 02771 02777 03508 03705 03797 03877 03888 03954 04009 04013 04222 04354 04404 04651 04713 04732 04773 04796 04811 04870 05006 05277
58. dwidth 1 rms on high impedance crystal input Noise At least 7 5 db below full scale at rated sen Sitivity and maximum bandwidth with input termi nated in optimum source impedance see Input Noise figure less than 4 db Range 70 db in 10 and 2 db steps Accuracy 0 05 40 10 db step maximum cumula tive error between any two 10 db steps 0 10 db maximum cumulative error between any two 2 db Steps 20 05 db Linearity 20 02 db on expand Scales determined by inherent meter resolution on normal scales Input Unbiased low and high impedance crystal 100 and 5000 ohm optimum source impedance respec tively biased crystal 1 v into 1K low and high current bolometer 4 5 and 8 7 ma 3 into 200 ohms positive bolometer protection Input connector BNC female Input Frequency 1000 eps adjustable 7 Other frequencies between 400 and 2500 cps available on Special order Bandwidth Variable 15 to 130 cps Typically less than 0 5 db change in gain from minimum to maxi mum bandwidth Recorder Output 0 to 1V 1000 ohms source imped ance BNC female Amplifier Output Oto 0 3V rms NORM 0to0 8rms EXPAND intoat least 10K ohms dual banana jacks Meter Scales Calibrated for square law detectors SWR 1 to 4 3 2 1010 NORM 1to1 24 EXPAND DB 0 to 10 NORM 0 to 2 0 EXPAND Battery charge state Meter Movement 0 25 movement taut band sus pension mirror backed scale with expanded db and
59. ed mainly by A3Q7 Thus at resonance negligible signal current flows through BANDWIDTH control R3 4 2 Model 415E andgainis independent ofits setting Center frequency is set by varying resistors R4 and R5 these resistors are gangedand comprise the front panel FREQ control 4 16 FINAL AMPLIFIER 4 17 The output amplifier consists of four transis tors The two output transistors 3012 and 3013 operate as a push pull class B amplifier with both collectors AC grounded The emitters of these tran sistors are tied together and the AC amplifier output is taken from this point through a coupling capacitor A3C28 Large negative feedback makes the gain of the output amplifier very nearly unity The AC output voltage is developed acrossresistor A3R51 The cur rent through A3R51 is supplied by A3Q12 and A3Q13 conducting one at atime onalternate half cycles Class B operation and the output signal sine wave is composite of this half cycle operation In addition the collector current of A3Q13 can drive the meter directly No rectifier diodes are needed This meter driving current is filtered by capacitor A3C26 and passes through the meter anda 1000 ohm resistor R6 to develop DC voltage for the recorder output 4 18 GROUND LOOPS 4 19 grounding technique used in the 415E con sists an input connector ground a circuit board ground and output connector grounds These are floating grounds that are tied tog
60. emala City Panama City Tel 70 2318 Tel 21 86 13 Tel 22812 Tel 30833 Cable CIENTALCO Sao Paulo Cable GALGUR San Jos Cable OLALA Guatemala City Cable ELECTRON Panama City PERU Fernando Ezeta B Petit Thouars 4719 Miraflores Casilla 3061 lima Tel 50345 Cable FEPERU Lima PUERTO RICO San Juan Electronics Inc P O Box 5167 Ponce de Le n 150 Stop 3 Puerta de Tierra Santa San Juan 00906 Tei 809 725 3342 Cable SATRONICS San Juan URUGUAY Pablo Ferrando S A Comercial e Industrial Avenida Italia 2877 Casilla de Correo 370 Montevideo Tel 40 3102 Cable RADIUM Montevideo VENEZUELA Citec Edif Arisan Of 34 Avda Francisco de Miranda Apartado del Este 10934 Chacaito Caracas Tel 71 88 05 Cable CITECAL Caracas FOR AREAS NOT LISTED CONTACT Hewlett Packard Inter Americas 1501 Page Mill Road Palo Alto Calif 94304 Tel 415 326 7000 TWX 910 373 1267 Telex 034 8461 Cable HEWPACK Palo Alto 5 67 EUROPE AUSTRIA Unilabor H m b H Wissenschaftliche Instrumente Rummelhardtgasse 6 3 33 Vienna 1 71 Tel 426 181 Cable LABORINSTRUMENT Vienna BELGIUM Hewlett Packard Benelux S A 20 24 rue de l H pital Brussels Tel 11 22 20 Cable PALOBEN Brussels DENMARK Tage Olsen A S Ronnegade 1 Copenhagen o Tel 29 48 00 Cable Copenhagen FINLAND INTO 0 Meritullinkatu 11 P O Box 10153 Helsinki 10 Tel
61. erroxcube Corp of America Cole Rubber and Plastics Inc Sunnyvale Calif Amphenoi Borg Electronics Corp Chicago Radio Corp of America Semiconductor and Materials Div Somerville Vocaline of America Inc Old Saybrook Conn Hopkins Engineering Co San Fernando Calif G E Semiconductor Prod Dept Syracuse N Y Apex Machine amp Co Dayton Ohio Eldema Corp Compton Calif Transitron Electric Comp Wakefield Mass Pyrofilm Resistor Co Inc Cedar Knolls N J Singer Co Diehl Div Finderne Plant Sumervitle N J Atrow Hart and Hegeman Elect Co Hartford Conn Lambertville N J Hi Q Division of Aerovox Myrtle Beach S C Precision Paper Tube Co Chicago Ill Dymec Division of Hewlett Packard Co Palo Alto Calif Sylvania Electric Products Microwave Device Div Mountain View Calif Motorola Inc Semiconductor Prod Div Phoenix Arizona Santa Clara Calif Saugerties N Y Taurus Corp Filtron Co inc Westem Div Culver City Calif Automatic Electric Northlake IH Sequoia Wire Co Redwood City Calif Precision Coil Spring Co El Monte Calif P M Motor Company Westchester IH Twenlieth Century Plastics Inc Los Angeles Calif Westiaghouse Electric Corp Semi Conductor Dept Ulttonix inc Engineering Cosmo Plastic c o Electrical Spec Co Barber Colman Co Tiffen Optical Co Heights Long Island N Y You
62. ether and isolated from chassis ground except for a 46 4 ohm resistor anda 0 05 uf capacitor connecting ground and chassis A solid connection to chassis or earth ground permits troublesome ground loop currents to flow causing erroneous instrument operation For this reason connecting grounded instruments to the 415E output connectors cause erroneous readings Most recorders and oscilloscopes that might be used with the 415E outputs have differential inputs available with neither side grounded see Paragraph 3 11 4 20 INPUT IMPEDANCE 4 21 The Model 415E is designed to have an input impedance much higher than that of any crystal detec tor or bolometer normaily used with it This results in lower noise figure and the highest possible input signal tothe 415 For example with the 415 INPUT switched to LOW the input impedance is approximately 2000 ohms while the output or source impedance of a bolometer is approximately 200 ohms 02152 3 Model 415 4 22 This high input impedance effectively nearly doubles the output voltage source compared with an amplifier which matches the source resistance It should be emphasized thatthe transformer turnsratio in the 415E is chosen for lowest noise figure rather than to match impedances 4 23 INPUT BIASING 4 24 When the 415E input switch is set to one of the biased positions XTAL IMPED BIASED or 4 5 MA or 8 7 MA a bias source is connected i
63. ewound fixed N nano 1077 RIV reverse inverse voltage W O without 01194 11 02152 1 Section VI Model 415 Table 6 1 Table 6 1 Reference Designation Index Stock No Description Note AL 00415 601 SWITCH ASSEMBLY INPUT 0180 0106 CiFXD ELECT 60 UF 20 GVDCW A1C2 0160 0153 MYLAR O OO1UF 10 A1C3 0180 0106 CIFXD ELECT 60 UF 20 6VDOW A1CR1 1901 0025 DIODE JUNCTION11OOMA AT 1V 100 PIV A101 1854 0071 TRANSISTOR SILICON NPN 2N3391 AIRS 0757 0316 RIFXD FLM 42 2 OHM 1 1 8W ALR2 0757 0439 RtFXO FLM 6s81K OHM 1 1 8W AIRS 0757 0280 RIFXD FLM 1 00 OHM 1 1 84 A1R4 0698 0084 MET FLM 2150 OHM 1 1 8W AIRS 0757 0451 RIFXD MET FLM 24 3K OHM 1 1 8 I A1R6 0757 0199 RIFXD MET FLM 21 5K OHM 1 1 8 AIR 0757 0445 RIFXO FLM LIK OHM 1 1 8W A1R8 0698 5452 R FXD MET FLM 147K OHM 1 1 8W 151 3100 1805 SWITCHIROTARY 2 00415 602 SWITCH ASSEMBLY RANGE A2RI 0698 6114 RIFXD FLM 182K OHM 25 1 8W A2R2 0698 6109 RIFXD FLM 18 2 OHM 25 1 8W A2R3 0698 6115 RIFXD FLM 1820 OHM 25 1 84 A2RU 0698 6112 RIFXD FLM 202 OMM 25 1 8W A2RS 0698 6109 RIFXO FLM 18 2 OHM 25 1 80 0698 6115 RIFXD FLM 1820 25 1 8W A2R 0698 6111 RIFXD FLM 182 250 1 8W A2R8 0698 6110 RIFXD FLM 20 2 OHM 25 1 8W A2R9 0698 3444 RIFXD FLM 316 OHM 1 1 8W
64. f Daven Div Thomas A Edison Ind McGraw Edison Co Long Island City N Y Spruce Pine Mica Co Spruce Pine Omni Spectra Inc Detroit HI Computer Diode Corp Lodi N J Ideal Prec Meter Co Inc De Jur Meter Div Brooklyn N Y Delco Radio Div of G M Corp Kokomo Inc Thermonetics Inc Canoga Park Calif Tranex Company Mountain View Calif Hamlin Metal Products Corp Akron Ohio Angstrohm Prec Inc No Hollywood Calif Power Design Pacitic Inc Palo Alto Calif Ty Car Mfg Co inc Holliston Mass Newport Beach Calif Scottsdale Arizona Sem Tech TRW Elect Comp Div Des Plaines 111 Curtis Instrument Inc Mt Kisco N Y DuPont and Co Inc Wilmington Del Durant Mfg Co Bendix Corp The Eclipse Poineer Div Teterboro N J Thomas A Edison Industries Div of McGraw Edison West Orange N J LRC Electronics Horseheads N Y Electra Mig independence Kansas General Atronics Corp Philadelphia Pa Executone Inc Long Island City N Y Fafnir Bearing Co The New Britain Conn Fansteel Metallurgicat Corp N Chicago British Radio Electronics Ltd Washington D C G E Lamp Division Milwaukee Wis Nela Patk Cleveland Ohio General Radio Co West Concord Mass Gries Reproducer Corp New Rochelle N Y Grobet File Co of America Inc Carlstadt N J Lancaster Pa Palo Allo Calif Owensboro Ky Chicago Hamilton Watch Co Hewlett Packard Co G
65. from Soldapullt by the Edsyn Company Arleta e g tube sockets connection California Resin flux Remove excess flux Must not dissolve etched Freon Solvent from soldered area circuit base board ma Acetone before application of terial or conductor Lacquer Thinner protective coating bonding agent Isopropyl Alcohol 100 dry Solder Component replacement Resin flux core high Circuit board repair tin content 60 40 tin Wiring lead 18 gauge SWG preferred Protective Contamination corrosion Good electrical insula Krylon 11302 Coating protection after soldering tion corrosion prevention properties Humiseal Protective Coating Type 1B12 by Columbia Technical Corp Woodside 77 New York Krylon Inc Norristown Pennsylvania 5 8 02152 3 1 415 Section V Paragraphs 5 12 to 5 17 Table 5 2 Performance Tests Cont d c Let resistor cool then checkresistance from male BNC pin through resistor resistance measured should be 10 that indicated by the coding d Replace lockwasher and male BNC Check resistance from male to female BNC center conductor resistance should be 0 or a few tenths of an ohm Note 1 The Attenuators used for checking 415 RANGE chart used Calibration requirements are given and EXPAND attenuators must be calibrated andanerror in Table 5 1 d When the pointer is exactly on 2 rotate the ad justment
66. gh input im pedance The output of the amplifier is applied through the EXPAND attenuator A282 to the third amplifier 398 and A3Q9 4 11 EXPAND CIRCUIT 4 12 The function of the EXPAND switch A282 is to allow any signal level to be measured on an expanded scale with continuous coverage while maintaining the original reference level Expansion is accomplished by applying a precise amount DC offset current from A3Q17 to the meter and simultaneously increasing the signalto the 3rd amplifier This increased gain allows a 2 db change in signal level to deflect the meter across its full scale The offset current places the zero signal indication off scale to the left 4 13 FREQUENCY SELECTIVE CIRCUITS 4 14 The frequency response of the third amplifier A8Q8 and A3Q9 is shaped by negative feedback The feedback path includes a Wien bridge and amplifier At the null frequency of the Wien bridge the negative feedback path is open and the gain of the am plifier ismaximum Off center frequency the negative feedback through Wien bridge reduces gain The amount of the off resonance gain reduction depends on the setting of the BANDWIDTH control R3 4 15 The Wien bridge is adjusted for a sharp null at center frequency with BRIDGE STABILITY ADJUST 29 Actually this control is set for a very slight bridge unbalance to produce just enough positive feed back so that signal current to the base of A3Q8 is suppli
67. gin Ul S gnal Indicator Corp New York N Y Struthers Dunn Inc Pitman N J Thompson Bremer amp Co Chicago ill Tilley Mfg Co San Francisco Calif Stackpole Carbon Co St Marys Standard Thomson Corp Tinnerman Products Inc Transformer Engineers Ucinite Co Waldes Kohinoor Inc Veeder Root inc Wenco Mfg Co Continental Wirt Electronics Corp Philadelphia New Rochelle N Y Waltham Mass Cleveland Ohio San Gabriel Calif Newtonville Mass Long Island City N Y Hartford Conn Chicago Zietick Mfg Corp Cod 80031 80120 80130 80131 80207 80223 80248 80294 80411 80486 80509 80583 80640 81030 81073 81095 81312 81349 81483 81541 81860 82042 82047 82142 82170 82209 82219 82376 82389 82647 82768 82866 82877 82893 83053 83058 83086 83125 83148 83186 83298 83315 83330 83385 83501 83594 83740 83777 83821 83942 84171 84396 84411 84970 85454 Model 415 Manufacturer Address Mepco Division of Sessions Clock Co Mostistown N J Schnitzer Alloy Products Elizabeth N J Times Telephoto Equipment New York N Y Electronic industries Association Any brand Tube meeting EIA Standards Washington DC Unimax Switch Div Maxon Electronics Corp Wallingford Conn United Transformer Corp New York N Y Oxford Electric Corp Chicago Bourns Inc Riverside Calif Acro Div of Robertshaw Controls Co
68. haft nut from front panel Loosen the BANDWIDTH potentiometer to allow the switch assembly to be pulled free of the front panel d Unsolder connecting wires Mark each to indicate which lugs to resolder wires to e Replacement is reverse of removal 5 31 INPUT Refer to Figure 5 3 and the schematic diagrams for component identification and location Loosen setscrews in knob and remove fromshaft b Loosen and remove shaft nut from front panel c Pull switch assembly free from front panel and unsolder connecting wires Mark each to indicate which lugs to resolder wires to 4 Replacement is reverse of removal 5 32 POWER Refer to Figure 5 3 andthe schematic diagrams for component identification and location Loosen the two nuts holding circuit board in place and remove circuit board from instrument b Loosen setscrews in knob and remove from shaft Loosen and remove shaft nut from front panel d Pull switch assembly free from front panel and unsolder connecting wires Mark each to indicate which lugs to resolder wires to e Replacement is reverse of removal DIODE SYMBOL ANODE kk CATHODE CONICAL END 1 4I5E A 16 Figure 5 2 Examples of Diode Marking Methods 5 9 Model 415 tion Use the transistor symbol the schematic diagram to determine the bias polarity required to forward bias the base emitter junction
69. he center tuned frequency When more than one Model 415E is included in the same measurement setup the variable tuned frequency is used to set all the instruments tothe exact frequency modulating the source high sensitivity and narrow bandwidth of the amplifier make the Model 415E valuable as meter indicating null detector for audio frequency bridges The BANDWIDTH adjustment varies the tuned filter bandwidth from 15 to 130 cps A narrow band width is best for iow level signals as this improves the signal to noise ratio wide bandwidth would find more use in fast sweep rate measurements 3 1 Section HI Model 415E Figures 3 1 and 3 2 2 9 GAIN VERNIER 15 E SWR METER WEWLETT PAOKARSL o RANGE DB EXPAND E XTAL IMPED pi BOLOMETER 1 i BIASED LOW 8 7 HIGH 12 1 3 4 5 8 415 9 Figure 3 1 Front Panel Operating Controls and Connector 13 18 RECORDER 4i5E A IO 15 16 Figure 3 2 Rear Panel Operating Controls and Connectors 3 2 02152 1 Model 415 Section Paragraphs 3 15 to 3 21 Table 3 1 Panel Descriptions 1 Selects desired 415E power source BATTERY CHARGE position allows internal battery re charge when power cordis connected to AC line 2 Indicator lights when power switch is in LINE ON or BATTERY CHARGE position Female BNC INPUT connector 4 Set input of Model 415E for use with a bolom eter or crystal detector m
70. igure 5 11 Power Supply and Input Circuit 19 5 20 CIRCUIT ASSY part oF 3 2 RANGE EXPANO ASSY PART 3 OF 4 HV NOM 1IV NOM By EXPAND i i pane RIG 52 20 Hx l 118 9 31 6K R22 OK 909k 1 XAR I 1 RIS 464K 464K 215 RIT 117 1000 339 2 2 SECOND 995 AMPLIFIER 95 06 1884 0071 GAIN STABILIZING FEEDBACK R2I L 215 COPYRIGHT 1965 HEWLETT CO 4ISE OUTPUT 8 METER 719 REFERENCE DESIGNATIONS WITHIN OUTLINED ASSEMBLIES ARE ABBREVIATED FULL DESIGNATION H CLUDES ASSEMBLY NUMBER OF ASSEMBLY Al 15 AIRI AS SHOWN CIRCUIT ASSY part 2 oF 3 Section V I2V NOM EVINOM R50 R48 100 464 464 50 J 50 12 I3V NOM dni 22 c25 2 591 G THIRD AMPLIFIER 08 09 bwm R36 14 7K i2V NOM DESIGNATIONS OF OTHER COMPONENTS ARE I r 12V NOM i R32 464K QT 1854 0071 R26 215K BRIDGE STABILITY ADJ Is NES 12V NOM l WIEN BRIOGE CIRCUIT 9
71. ire and Cable Div Victory Engineering Bendix Corp Red Bank Div Hubbell Coip Mundelein Smith Herman H Inc Brooklyn N Y Central Screw Co Chicago Gavitt Wire and Cable Co Div of Brookfield Mass Burroughs Corp Electronic Tube Div Plainfield N J Union Carbide Corp Consumer Prod Div New York N Y Model Eng and Mfg Inc Huntington Ind Loyd Scraggs Co Festus Mo Aeronautical Inst amp Radio Co Lodi N J Arco Electronics Inc A J Glesener Co Inc Great Neck N Y San Francisco Calif TRW Capacitor Div Ogaltaia Neb Sarkes Tarzian inc Bloomington Ind Boonton Molding Company Boonton N J From FSC Handbook Supplements Hi 1 Dated JULY 1965 2 Dated NOV 1962 02152 2 TABLE 6 3 CODE LIST OF MANUFACTURERS Continued Model 415E Code No Manufacturer Address 85471 A B Boyd Co San Francisco Calif 85474 R M Bracamonte amp Co Francisco Calif 85550 Koiled Kords Inc Hamden Conn 8591 Seamless Rubber Co Chicago 111 86197 Clifton Precision Products Co Inc Clifton Heights Pa 86579 Precision Rubber Products Corp Dayton Ohio 36684 Radio Corp of America Electronic Comp amp Devices Div Harrison N J 87034 Marco Industries Anaheim Calif 87216 Phiico Cotporation Lansdale Division Lansdaie Pa 87473 Wester Fibrous Glass Products Co San Francisco Calif 37664 Van Waters amp Rogers Inc Franci
72. ist of abbreviations in introduction to this section Section VI Model 415E Table 6 1 Table 6 1 Reference Designation Index Cont d Stock Description XFL 1400 0084 FUSEHOLDER EXTRACTOR POST TYPE MISCELLANEOUS 0041 5 606 BATTERY INSTALLATION KIT INCLUDES SAMPLE PARTS AS INSTALLED WITH OPTION 01 AND FOUR 6 52 HEX NUTS FOR MOUNTING 00415 005 DIAL KNOB ASSY EXPAND 0570 0062 KNOB BLACK VERNIER 0570 0089 KNOB BLACK CONCENTRIC 1 IN OD GAIN 05770 0104 KNOB BLACK BAR W ARROW 13 16 DIA 1 4 SHAFT 0570 0106 KNOB RANGE 8120 0078 CABLE POWER 7 5 FT OPTIONS OPTION 01 1420 0009 BATTERY RECHARGEABLE BT1 00415 006 COVER BATTERY 2420 0001 HEX NUTS QTY 4 NOTE SEE MISCELLANEOUS SECTION FOR BATTERY INSTALLATION KIT STOCK NUMBERS OPTION 02 45 00415 607 CABLE SPECIAL PURPOSE ELECTRICAL 0560 0024 TERMINAL LUG 1250 0001 CONNECTOR BNC 2420 0001 HEX NUT 6 52 X 21 5050 0100 WASHER LOCK NO 6 5050 0018 WASHER EXTRUDED FIBER QTY 2 See list of abbreviations in introduction to this section 6 6 02152 2 w Model 415E Table 6 1 Reference Designation Index Cont d Section Table 6 1 Reference _ Designation fp Stock No Description 1 5060 0705 1490 0052 5040 0700 5060 0728 5020 0701 2570 0015 5000 0705 2570 0020 5060 0720 2570 0016 5000 0717 2570 0016 00415 004 2270 0015 00415 002 2270 0002 000 8 37
73. ks up ad equate signalto measure The probe couples to the MODEL 415E SIGNAL GENERATOR ATTENUATOR UNDER TEST 4iSE B 4 DETECTOR LOAD SLOTTED LINE Figure 3 3 Typical SWR Measurement Setup 3 3 Section HI Figure 3 4 Model 415E Set POWER switch to OFF Meter pointer should rest at 2 onthe 0 2 DB scale if not referto Par agraph 5 10 Set POWER switch to LINE ON or BATTERY ON Note Xt set to BATTERY ON refer to Paragraph 3 5 and check battery potential Set INPUT to desired input impedance Note see Paragraph 3 55 Connect audio source to INPUT i e crystal de tector bolometer audio oscillator etc Adjust modulation frequency audio input signal to approximately 1000 cps INPUT XTAL IMPED 51 BOLOMETER GAIN VERNIER V RANGE DB AND 4i5E A I58 Adjust RANGE DB GAIN and VERNIER controls and the amplitude of the input signal for a con venient meter reference near mid scale Adjust FREQ control for maximum meter pointer deflection Adjust BANDWIDTH control fully counterclock wise rotation is minimum bandwidth and fully clockwise rotation is maximum bandwidth Note narrow bandwidth is usually best for low levelsignals 30 cps is convenient for most applications and a wide bandwidth is usually best for fast sweep rate measurements Figure 3 4 General Turn On Procedure 02152 2 M
74. lett Packard Inter Americas 1501 Page Mill Road Palo Alto Calif 94304 Tel 415 326 7000 TWX 910 373 1267 Telex 034 8461 Cable HEWPACK Palo Alto CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA ARGENTINA CHILE ECUADOR MEXICO Mauricio A Su rez H ctor Calcagni Laboratorios de Radic ingenieria Hewlett Packard Mexicana Telecomunicaciones Casilla 13942 Calle Guayaquil 1246 S A de Carlos Calvo 224 Santiaga Post Office Box 3199 Eugenia 408 Dept 1 Buenos Aires Tel 490 505 393 119 Quito Mexico 12 D F Tel 30 6312 34 9087 Tei 12496 Tel 43 03 79 Gable TELEPILOT Buenos Ais COLOMBIA Cable HORVATH Quito Instrumentacion EL SALVADOR Roberto Ter n G BRAZIL Ciental Importacao e Com rcio Ltda Avenida 13 de Maio 13 22 andar R o de Janeiro G B Henrik A Langebaek amp Cia Ltda Cra 7A N 48 51 59 Apartado Aereo 6287 Bogota 1 D E Tel 45 78 06 45 55 46 Electr nica 27 Avenida Norte 1133 Apartado Postal 1589 San Salvador Tet 25 74 50 Cable ELECTRONICA Edificio Ter n Apartado Postal 689 Managua Tel 3451 3452 Cable ROTERAN Managua Tel 42 9483 Cable AARIS Bogota San Salvador PANAMA GUATEMALA Electr nica Baiboa S A Ciental Importacao e COSTA RICA Olander Associates Latin America Box 4929 Com rcio Ltda Lic Alfredo Gallegos Gurdi n Apartado 1226 Ave Manuel Espinosa No 13 50 Rua Des Eliseu Guilherme 62 Apartado 3243 7 Calle 0 22 Zona 1 Bldg Alina Sao 8 San Jos Guat
75. libration i e 2 on the 0 to 2 DB scale on the meter scale when the instrument is 1 at normal operating temperature 2 in its normal operating position and 3 turned off Set the pointer as follows to obtain best accuracy and mechanical stability Note If meter pointer adjustment is changed PAND tracking Paragraph 5 16 must be checked and adjusted if necessary a Turn instrument off Rotate mechanical zero adjustment screw clock wise until meter pointer is to left of 2 on the 0 to 2 DB scale and moving to the right toward 2 c Continue to rotate adjustment screw clockwise stop when the pointer is exactly on 2 If the pointer overshoots 2 repeat steps b and c Table 5 1 Recommended Test Equipment a Accuracy 3 Distortion less than 1 Instrument Minimum Required Recommended Type Specifications USE Check 1 i Audio Oscillator Freq Range 400 to 2500 All Performance hp 200CD Output 10 volts into 600 ohms Tests Electronic Range 400 to 2500 cps Frequency and hp 5512A or Counter Accuracy 1 count 0 01 Bandwidth 5212A i AC Voitmeter Voltage Range 0 1to 1 volt Sensitivity and hp 400H Accuracy 1 of full scale Noise Freq Range 400 to 2500 cps Input impedance 10 megohms 02152 2 5 1 Section V Model 415E Table 5 1 Table 5 1 Recommended Test Equipment Cont d Instrument Minimum Requi
76. llimantic Conn 72354 john E Fast Co Div Vicloreen instr Co Chicago HI 72619 Dialight Corp Brooklyn N Y T2656 ndiana General Corp Electronics Div Keasby N J 17699 General instrument Corp Div Newark N J 72768 Drake Mfg Co Chicago Hi 72825 Hugh H Eby Inc Philadelphia Pa 72928 Gudeman Co Chicago ill 00015 42 Revised July 1966 6 12 Code No 72964 72982 73061 73076 73138 73293 73445 73506 73559 73682 13134 73743 73793 73846 73899 73905 74276 74455 74861 74868 14970 75042 75378 15382 15818 15915 76005 76210 76487 76493 16530 76545 76703 76854 77068 71075 11252 17342 71630 71638 11164 77969 78189 78283 78290 78452 78471 78488 78493 78553 78790 78947 79136 79142 79251 78727 79963 TABLE 6 3 Manufacturer Address Robert Hadley Co Los Angeles Calif Erie Technological Products inc Erie Pa Hansen Mfg Co Inc Princeton Ind H M Harper Chicago tll Helipot Div of Beckman jnst Inc Fullerton Calif Hughes Products Division of Hughes Aircraft Co Newport Beach Calif Amperex Electronic Co Div of North American Phillips Co Inc Hicksville N Y Bradley Semiconductor Corp New Haven Conn Carling Electric Inc Hartford Conn George Garrett Div MSL Industries Inc Philadelphia Pa Federal Screw Products Inc Chicago Fischer Special Mfg Co Cincinnati Ohio
77. match of source and detector can beimproved if necessary with padding attenuators isolators tuners dj MODEL 415 SIGNAL SOURCE IMPEDANCE MATCH HERE ATTENUATOR Figure 3 7 Attenuation Measurement Setup 02152 2 Modei 415 Section Paragraphs 3 33 to 3 36 IF MINIMUM SHIFTS 3 4 LOAD EQUALS Z SWR LOAD MINIMUM MINIMUM WILL SHIFT TO MINIMUM WILL SHIFT TO THIS REGION IF LOAD THIS REGION IF LOAD GENERATOR INDUCTIVE LOAD 52 IF MINIMUM DOES SHIFT LOAD EQUALS 2 SWR RE Figure 3 8 Impedance Measurement Rules Summary 3 32 LOAD IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT 3 33 GENERAL 3 34 Slotted line techniques provide information to allow calculation of a load impedance The following rules apply tothe indications givenbythe voltage min imum when the load is replaced by a short Figure 3 8 summarizes and graphically presents these im pedance measurement rules Whentheloadis replaced by a short then a The shift in the minimum is never more than 31 4 wavelength b If the minimum moves toward the load the load has a capacitive component c the minimum moves toward the generator the load has an inductive component d H the minimum does not move the load is com pletely resistive and has a normalized value of 1 swr e If the minimum shifts exactly one quarter wave ength the loadis completely resistive and has a nor malized value equal to the swr
78. met flm 15 2 K ohm 1 1 8W Mfr 28480 TQ 2 Factory selected part Average value shown Backdating information for Model 415E with serials prefixed 530 and 545 Instruments serial prefixed 530 and 545 contain the following component differences 0160 0174 C FXD ELECT 2 2 F 480 2075 25 VDCW A3R22 0698 3260 R FXD FLM 464K 1 1 8W 22 415 24 Figure 1 1 Circuit Board Component Location for Instruments with serials prefixed 530 02152 4 1 3 1 4 HEWLETT PACKARD ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION SALES AND SERVICE UNITED STATES ALABAMA 0 Box 4207 2003 Byrd Spring Road S W Huntsville 35802 Tel 205 881 4591 TWX 810 726 2204 ARIZONA Scottsdale 85251 Tel 602 945 7601 TWX 910 950 1282 232 South Tucson Boulevard Tucson 85716 Tei 602 623 2564 TWX 910 952 1162 FLORIDA Suite 106 9999 2nd Avenue Miami Shores 33138 Tel 305 758 3626 TWX 810 848 7262 P O 20007 Herndon Station 32814 621 Commonwealth Avenue Orlando Tel 305 841 3970 TWX 810 850 0113 0 Box 8128 Madeira Beach 33708 410 150th Avenue St Petersburg 813 391 0211 TWX 810 863 0366 CALIFORNIA 3939 Lankershim Boulevard North Hollywood 91604 Tel 213 877 1282 TWX 910 499 2170 1101 Embarcadero Road Palo Alta 94303 Tel 415 327 6500 TWX 910 373 1280 2591 Carishad Avenue Sacramento 95821 Tel 916 482 1463 TWX 910 367 2092 1055 Shafter St
79. meter indication n 2 i BE ES EE I E T 3 0 SEE ct L T T T 4 tod m T LT 1 r EE i TH 7389 T dm HH PE H E 25 iia LL 1 t t i I E zd sr IET Es B Creer H AmE IN F bs ET LLL am i ian 2 1 20 T amp E PIT ES TT a I b ul p 1 1 gt PENES o m T4 1 F 2 font 1 L 2 z Li d i H 1 5 eb mau LL z 4 _ ME 4 t 1 1 Ll 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DECIBELS SWR 4 Figure 3 5 Expanded Section of Figure 3 6 02152 2 3 5 Section HI Paragraphs 3 25 to 3 32 3 25 LOW SWR Standing wave ratio between 1 0 and 1 24 canbe read quiteaccurately onthe EXPAND scales of the meter when the EXPAND switch is set to any position other than NORM 3 26 MODERATE SWR HIGH RESOLUTION The EXPAND and DB scale can be used together with the EXPAND switch to read a
80. n series with INPUT connector emitter follower 101 in this bias circuit provides bolometer protection by limiting transients when abolometer or crystal detec tor is connected or disconnected Three calibrated levels of bias are available 1 volt into 1000 ohms XTAL IMPED BIASED or 4 5 ma and 8 7 ma into 200 ohms selected with the INPUT switch 181 These bias levels are set within a specification 3 by adjusting the DC voltage potential of the positive power supply with resistor A3R54 A single adjustment suf fices since 1 resistors accurately determine the ratios between the 3 bias levels The positive DC voltage is typically 13 2 volts DC but may be as low as 12 volts DC or as high as 14 volts DC for proper adjustment 02152 4 Section IV Paragraphs 4 22 to 4 27 4 25 POWER SUPPLY 4 26 The regulated power supplies are fed by either an internal battery BT1 Option 01 instruments only or aconventional AC supply consisting of transformer T2 and rectifier diodes AS3CR4and A3CR5 The power supply must provide two regulated outputs 13 volts and 1 71 milliamperes offset current voltage reference diode ASCR10 temperature compensated by diodes A3CR7 and A3CR8 and transistor A3Q17 form a constant currentsource toprovide the offset current The voltage reference diode and transistor 16 forma shunt type regulator maintaining a nomi nal 7 5 volts 4 27 In the LINE ON position about
81. ngwood Pa San Mateo Calif Sunnyvale Calif Cleveland Ohio Rockford iH 42 Revised July 1966 02152 2 Code No 05729 05783 95820 06004 06090 06175 06402 06540 06555 06666 06751 06812 06980 07088 07126 07137 07138 07149 07233 07261 07263 07322 01387 07700 07910 07933 07956 07980 08145 08289 08358 08664 08717 08718 08792 08984 09026 09134 09145 09250 09569 10214 10411 10646 11236 11237 11242 11312 11534 nni iy 11870 12136 12697 12859 Manufacturer Address Metro Tel Corp Stewart Engineering Co Wakefleld Engineering Inc Bassick Co The Raychem Corp Westbury N Y Santa Cruz Calif Wakefield Mass Bridgeport Coan Redwood City Calif Bausch and Lomb Optical Co Rochester N Y E T A Products of America Chicago Amatom Electronic Hardware Inc New Rochelle N Y Beede Electrical Inslrument Co lac Penacook indianapolis lad Phoenix Ariz General Devices Co Inc Semcot Div Components Inc Torrington Mig Co West Div Van Nuys Calif San Carlos Calif Van Nuys Calif Pasadena Calif Minneapolis Mian Varian Assoc Eimac Div Kelvin Electric Co Digitran Co Transistor Electronics Coro Westinghouse Electric Corp Electronic Tube Div Elmira N Y Filmohm Corp New York N Y Cinch Graphik Co City of Industry Calif Avnet Corp Culver City Calif Fairchild Camera am
82. nts only 2 14 For operation from AC primary power the in strument can be easily converted from 115 to 230 volt operation The LINE VOLTAGE switch 51 two position slide switch located at the rear of the in strument selects the mode of AC operation The line voltage for which the instrument is set to operate ap pears onthe slider of the switch 1 16 ampere 250 volt fuse is used for both 115 and 230 volt operation CAUTION DO NOT CHANGE THE SETTING OF THE LINE VOLTAGE SWITCH WHEN THE IN STRUMENT IS OPERATING 2 15 INITIAL BATTERY CHECK 2 16 The following applies to option 01 instruments or instruments that have field installed batteries When the battery is used as the power source for the first time perform the following steps NEC FILLER PANEL Y 1 S M 91 9 u 4SE A IT Figure 2 3 Adapter Frame Instrument Combinations 2 1 Section Paragraphs 2 17 to 2 20 ADAPTER FRAME INSTRUMENT SPACER CLAMP SPACER CLAMP RETAINING SCREWS Figure 2 4 Two Half Modules in Rack Adapter Connect Model 415E to AC source Set POWER switch to CHARGE and charge battery for minimum of 16 hours or overnight Note the battery can be maintained in the charging state indefinitely without damaging the battery It will assume its fullcapacity 1 25 ampe
83. ny SWR with high resolution in DB Figure 3 5 and 3 6 are used to convert DB to SWR The reference level full scale meter deflection ata voltage maximum can be used with the EXPAND switch at NORM since 0 db NORM and 0 db EXPAND correspond butgreater accuracy is obtained by setting the reference level with the EXPAND switch to 0 30 20 STANDING WAVE RATIO o 4 8 12 6 20 24 28 DECIBELS SWR 415E A 2 Figure 3 6 Converting Decibels to SWR 3 27 HIGH SWR High standing wave ratios greater than 30 or sometimes 10 present problems because of excessive probe penetration to lift the minimum above the noise level and departure of detector behaviour from square law Both problems are lessened or elim inated by measuring only the standing wave pattern near the voltage minimum where probe loading effects are least disturbing 3 28 TWICE MINIMUM POWER METHOD The basis for this method andthe TEN TIMES MINIMUM POWER METHOD is the fact that for a high SWR the standing wave pattern approximates a parabola in the vicinity of avoltage minimum The slotted line carriage must have a good scale or dial indicator Measure the distance AX between positions on the standing wave pattern where the voltage is 3 db above the voltage at the min imum Alsomeasure the transmission line wavelength g standing wave pattern minima are one half wave length apart and the sharp
84. odel 415 transmission line as a shunt admittance which increases disturbing the transmission line more as the probe penetrates farther To find out whether a given probe penetration is too great or not measure SWR then change probe penetration and remeasure SWR If the second reading is different the probe is penetrating toofar and loading the transmission line significantly 3 22 PROCEDURE 3 23 MODERATE SWR The scales of the 415E are calibrated for reading standing wave ratio directly from the meter Set the slotted line probe ata voltage max imum and adjust the gain of the 415E with the RANGE DB GAIN and VERNIER controls EXPAND switch to NORM for full scale deflection 1 0 the 1 0t04 SWR Section III Paragraphs 3 22 to 3 24 scale Now move the probe toward a minimum If the meter drops below 3 2 rotate the RANGE DB switch one position clockwise and read on the 3 2to0 10 SWR scale Ifthe pointer drops below this scale rotate RANGE DB Switch one more position clockwise and readonthe 1 0 to 4 scale and multiply by 10 This pattern continues for still higher SWR readings 3 24 The DB scales can be used for a standing wave ratio measurement by setting the 415E to full scale at avoltage maximum then turning the RANGE DB switch clockwise for anon scale reading ata voltage minimum and noting the difference in DB readingsat the maximum and minimum A DB reading is obtained by adding RANGE DB switch setting and
85. of steps g and h should be 15 cps or less j Turn BANDWIDTH full clockwise and retune OSCILLATOR for peak 415E meter reading k Repeat steps f h above m The difference between the recorded fre quency readings this time should be 130 cps or greater 6 SPECIAL 5000 OHM FEED THRU TERMINATION In order to measure the 415E operating noise level a special load must be used to terminate the INPUT in its optimum source impedance For the LOW impedance INPUT the hp Model 10100B 100 ohms should be used For the HIGH impedance INPUT a special 5000 ohm termination must be built as detailedbelow See Table5 1 for part stock numbers RESISTOR CONTACT SPRING Procedure a Refer to cut away view to left Unscrew male BNC and lockwasher from housing by using a 3 8 inch open end wrench and holding housing either in a vise or with gas pliers MALE BNC FEMALE BNC 1250 0095 1250 0251 SOLDER THESE HOUSING Note POINTS 5020 3215 If gas pliers are used housing should be pro tected with tape or heavy paper RESISTOR VALUE 50 100 OR 5K OHM AS REQUIRED NOTE ENTIRE ASSEMBLY MINUS RESISTOR IS AVAILABLE AS 11523 600 b Solder 5000 ohm 10 1 4 W resistor to BNC PERS 5 6 02152 4 i Section V Paragraphs 5 18 to 5 22 b If the meter tracking error is greater than 0 02 db adjust A3R57 See Figure 5 10 and repeat meas urement until meter tra
86. op current between the voltmeter leads Table 5 4 Out of Circuit Transistor Resistance Measurements Section V Paragraphs 5 38 to 5 47 to damage the transistor Instead measure each volt age separately with respect to a voltage common point e g chassis If the emitter base diode is forward biased check for amplifier action by short circuiting base to emitter while observing collector voltage Short circuit eliminates base emitter bias and should cause the transistor to stop conducting cut off Col lector voltage should then shift to near the supply volt age Any difference is due to leakage current through the transistor ingeneral the smaller this current the better the transistor If collector voltage does not change the transistor has either an emitter collector Short circuit or emitter base open circuit 5 46 OUT OF CIRCUIT TESTING 5 47 The two common causes of transistor failure are internal short and open circuits Remove the transistor from the circuit and use an ohmmeter to measure internal resistance See Table 5 4 for measurement data CAUTION Most ohmmeters supply enough current or voltage to damage a transistor Before using an ohmmeter to measure transistor forward or reverse resistance check its open circuit voltage and short circuit current output ON THE RANGE TO BE USED Open circuit voltage must not exceed 1 5 volts and
87. oss Side Boulevard Monroeville 15146 Tei 412 271 0724 TWX 710 797 3650 144 Elizabeth Street West Conshohocken 19428 Tei 215 248 1600 828 6200 TWX 510 680 8715 TEXAS P 0 Box 7166 3608 Inwood Road Dallas 75209 Tel 214 357 1881 TWX 910 861 4081 P 0 Box 22813 4242 Richmond Avenue Houston 77027 Tel 713 657 2407 TWX 910 881 2645 GOVERNMENT CONTRACT OFFICE 225 Billy Mitcheli Road San Antonio 78226 Tel 512 434 4171 TWX 910 871 1170 UTAH 2890 South Main Street Salt Lake City 84115 Tel 801 486 8166 TWX 910 925 5681 VIRGINIA P 0 Box 6514 2111 Spencer Road Richmond 23230 Tel 703 282 5451 TWX 710 956 0157 WASHINGTON 11656 Eighth Street Bellevue 98004 Tel 206 454 3971 TWX 910 443 2303 CANADA ALBERTA BRITISH COLUMBIA NOVA SCOTIA ONTARIO 10010 105th Street Hewlett Packard Canada Ltd 7001 Mumford Road Hewlett Packard Canada Ltd Edmonton 2184 West Broadway Suite 356 880 Lady Ellen Place Tel 403 424 0718 Vancouver Halifax Ottawa 3 TWX 610 831 2431 Tel 604 738 7520 TWX 610 922 5050 Tel 902 455 0511 TWX 610 271 4482 Tel 613 722 4223 TWX 610 562 1952 Hewlett Packard Canada Ltd 1415 Lawrence Avenue West Toronte Tel 416 249 9196 TWX 610 492 2382 QUEBEC Hewlett Packard Canada Ltd 275 Hymus Boulevard Pointe Claire Tel 514 897 4232 TWX 610 422 3022 Telex 01 2819 FOR AREAS NOT LISTED CONTACT Hew
88. ost 2 Required Male to Male BNC 50 ohm Bandwidth hp 10502A cable 1 Required Dual Banana to Dual Banana Plugs All Performance hp 11000 on a 50 ohm cable 1 Required Checks Dual Banana to BNC Male Performance hp 11001A 2 Required Straight through Voltage Probe General Purpose hp 10025A Thin flexible probe with small push button pincer jaws Shunt capacity of 150 pf terminated in shielded dual banana plug use with Oscilloscope 02152 4 Model 415E Section V Figure 5 1 and Table 5 2 400H 5512 COUNTER AC VOLTMETER bal 200CD AUDIO OSCILLATOR 415 355 ATTENUATOR 355D ATTENUATOR BNC FEMALE BNC TO BANANA TE TO 50 OHM POST ADAPTER FEM LE FEED THRU me BNC TERMINATION Figure 5 1 Test Set Up Table 5 2 Performance Tests 1 SENSITIVITY 0 15 uv RMS at max bandwidth 1 RMS on HIGH impedance crystal input Procedure Readings a Connect equipment as shown in Figure 5 1 Min Act Max Omit 355D Attenuator M on 2 oe PRESS 0 15 v RMS b Set415Eto NORM 0 db LOW ON with GAIN i VERNIER and BANDWIDTH controls full clock ae 0 44 18 1 0 v RMS wise c Set Oscillator to 1000 eps 4 Adjust 415E FREQ to peak meter needle to right e Adjust Oscillator output for 0 db 415E meter reading 1 AC Voltmeter should read 0 15 volt RMS or less This corresponds to a sensitivity of 0 15 pvolt RMS or g
89. ount See Paragraph 3 53 5 Adjustment allows center frequency variation by 70 eps 6 Attenuator adjusts gain in 10 db steps 7 Allows full scale expansion of any 2 0 db portion of the 10 db scale Changes bandwidth from 15 to 130 cps 9 Allows initial meter reference setting with a control range of at least 10 db 10 Provides fine adjustment of GAIN control meter settings 11 Mechanicalzero adjustment allows exact sett ing of meter needle to 2 0 db calibration mark 12 With POWER switch set to BATTERY TEST a meter needle indication within the BATTERY CHARGE area on the meter face indicated 12A shows that internal battery is charged suf ficiently for proper 415E operation if needle indicator is to left area 12B of BATTERY CHARGED area then battery is not charged sufficiently for proper instrument operation option 01 ONLY 13 Additional input connector wired in parallel with front panel connector supplied as Option 02 for 415E only upon request 14 DC output for recorder use 0to1voltinto open circuit or 1000 ohmg 15 AC output for use as tuned amplifier output 16 Three conductor AC power cord receptacle NEMA type 17 Contains power line fuse 18 Slide switch to allow 115 or 230 volt AC operation 3 15 SWR MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES 3 16 EQUIPMENT 3 17 A typical setup of equipment used in SWR meas urements is shownin Figure 3 3 The signal
90. p Inst Corp Semiconductor Div Mountain View Calif Minnesota Rubber Co Minneapolis Minn Birtcher Corp The Monterey Park Calif Technical Wire Products Inc Cranford N J Continental Device Corp Hawthorne Calif Raytheon Mfg Co Semiconductor Div Mountain View Calif Shockley Semi Conductor Laboratories Palo Alto Calif Hewlett Packard Boonton Radio Div Rockaway N J Los Angeles Calif Pomona Calif 9 5 Engineering Co Blinn Delbert Co Burgess Battery Niagara Falls Ontario Canada Bristol Co The Waterbury Conn Sioan Company Sun Valley Calif ITT Cannon Electric inc Phoenix Div Phoenix Arizona CBS Electronics Semiconductor Operations Div of Inc Lowell Mass Indianapolis Ind Costa Mesa Calif Houston Texas Sun Valley Calif Chicago ili Mel Rain Babcock Relays Div Texas Co Alohm Electronics Electro Assemblies Inc Mallory Battery Co of Canada Ltd Toronto Ontario Canada Genera Transistor Western Corp Los Angeles Calif Berkeley Calif Niagara Falis N Y Berne Ind Ti Tal inc Carborundum Co CTS of Berne Inc Chicago Telephone of California inc 59 Pasadena Calif Bay State Electronics Corp Waltham Mass Teledyne inc Microwave Div Palo Alto Calif Duncan Electronics Inc Costa Mesa Calif General instrument Semiconductor Div Products Group Newark N J imperial Electronic inc Buena Park
91. pected both mechanically and electrically before shipment To confirmthis the instrument should be inspected for physical damage in transit Also check for suppliedaccessories and test the electrical performance of the instrument using the procedure outlined in Paragraph 5 3 If there is damage or deficiency see the warranty on the inside front cover of this manual 2 3 INSTALLATION 2 4 The Model 415E is fully transistorized therefore no special cooling is required However the instru ment should not be operated where the ambient tem perature exceeds 55 C 140 F 2 5 RACK MOUNTING 2 6 The Model 415E is a submodular unit that when used alone canbe bench mounted only However when used in combination with other submodular units it can be benchand or rack mounted The hp combining case and adapter frame are designed specifically for this purpose 2 7 COMBINING CASE The combining case is a full module unit which accepts varying combinations of submodular units Being a full module unit it can be bench rack mounted analogous to any full module instrument An illustration of the combining case is shown in Figure 2 1 Instructions for installing the Model 415E in a combining case are given graphically in Figure 2 2 2 8 ADAPTER FRAME The adapter frameis a rack frame that accepts any combination of sub modular units It can be rack mounted only illustration of the adapter frame is given in Figure 2 3 Instru
92. r the ohms leadis positive with respectto the common Whentheohmmeter indicates the least diode resistance the cathode of the diode is connectedto the ohmmeter lead which is negative with respect to the other lead Note Replacement instructions are the same those listed for transistor replacement 5 27 SWITCH REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT 5 28 The EXPAND and RANGE switches are on the same assembly as are the GAIN and VERNIER con trols These assemblies along with the POWER Switch and the INPUT switch may be removed by first taking off all instrument covers and using the appli cable instructions which follow Note For general soldering instructions refer to Paragraph 5 24 and 5 25 5 29 GAIN VERNIER Refer to Figure 5 3 and the schematic diagrams for component identification and location a Loosen setscrews in knobs and remove from shaft b Loosen and remove shaft nut from front panel Pull assembly back and out of instrument moving lock washer and grounding lug from shaft Also remove white GAIN VERNIER instruction plate from front panel d Unsolder connecting wires Mark each to indicate which lugs to resolder wires to Replacement is reverse of removal 02152 1 Section V Paragraphs 5 23 to 5 31 5 30 RANGE DB EXPAND Refer to Figure 5 3 and the schematic diagram for component identification and location a Loosen setscrews in knobs and remove from shaft b Loosen and remove s
93. r HG mercury coefficient SE selenium BH binder head HR hour s NRFR not recommended for SECT section s ae field replacement semiconductor BWO backward wave oscillator IF intermediate freq ARR oU EM Ed impregnated replaceable ki Hi CCW counter ciokwise INCL OBD order by description SPL special CER ceramic INS insulation ed OR oval head SST stainless steel CMO cabinet mount only INT internal OX oxide SR split ring COEF coefficient STL steel COM common s kilo COMP composition CE PC TA tantalum CONN connector LIN linear taper PF TOL gt delay cadmium plate WASH lock wag toggle CRT eathode ray tube QS Na Deo NM PH BRZ phosphor bronze TI titanium cw clockwise LPF jou pase filter PHL Phillips TOL tolerance PIV inverse voltage TRIM trimmer P O part of TWT traveling wave tube DEPC deposited carbon M milli POLY polystyrene gt h DR drive MEG meg PORC porcelain 5 MET FLM metal film POS position s VAR ELECT electrolytic MET OX metallic oxide POT potentiometer VDCW encapsulated MFR manufacturer PP peak to peak EXT external MINAT miniature PT point wi with MOM momentary PWV peak working voltage w watts farads MTG mounting RECT rectifier wiv working inverse FH flat head MY mylar RF radio frequency voltage FIL H fillister head I XA RH round head ww wir
94. re hour and no more b Set POWER switch to TEST position the meter needle indication should be within the BAT CHARGED area see Figure 3 1 2 2 Model 415E 2 17 INSTALLING BATTERY AND INPUT CONNECTOR 2 18 Available from Hewlett Packard are parts re quired for modifying any Model 415E to correspond to those instruments with Option 01 and or Option 02 A rechargeable Battery Installation Kit hp Part Number 00415 606 contains the battery and necessary hard ware for installation corresponds to Option 01 In stallation instructions are detailed in Appendix at rear of this manual To obtain the parts required for an input connector on the rear panel corresponding to Option 02 order by hp Part Number as found in Table 6 1 listed under Option 02 Instructions for instal lation of this additional connector are detailed in Ap pendix at rear of this manual 2 19 REPACKAGING FOR SHIPMENT 2 20 When returning an instrument to the Hewlett Packard Company use the original packing material if foam type if available or contact an authorized hp Sales Office for assistance If this is not possible first protect the instrument surfaces by wrapping in heavy Kraft paper or with sheets of cardboard flat against the instrument Then protect the instrument on all sides use approximately 4 inches of packing material designed specifically for package cushioning pack in durable container mark container clearly for proper h
95. re than 0 5 db f If the change in meter reading is greater than 0 5 db adjust A3R29 See Figure 5 10 and repeat step e until the meter reading change is less than 0 5 db 5 16 EXPAND NORMAL ADJUST 5 17 The meter requires a special offset current supply when using an EXPAND switch setting other than NORM This current supply provides the zero reference signal to the meter and is adjusted as follows a Perform steps a through d of Procedure 3B in Table 5 2 5 7 Section V Paragraphs 5 30 to 5 37 5 33 MAINTENANCE OF OPTIONS 01 AND 02 5 34 Operating instructions for Model 415E instru ments with Option 01 internally installed battery and or Option 02 rear panelinput connector is found in section Paragraphs 1 6 explain what is covered by these two options Installation and removal instructions are given in the appendix at the rear of this manual 5 35 TROUBLESHOOTING 5 36 LOCATING TROUBLE 5 37 Always start locating trouble with a thorough visual inspection for burned out or loose components loose connections or any conditions which suggest a source of trouble Check the fuse to see that it is not open 5 38 If trouble cannot be isolated to a bad component by visual inspection the trouble should be isolated to circuit section Isolation to a circuit section can be accomplished by using the waveforms Figures 5 5 through 5 8 and using the front panel performance tests
96. reater on 60 DB range g Switch 415E INPUT to HIGH andadjust Oscilla tor output for 0 db 415E meter reading h The AC Voltmeter should read 1 0 volt RMS less This corresponds to a sensitivity of 1 0 uvolt RMS or greater on 60 DB range 02152 1 5 3 Section V E Model 415E Table 5 2 2 NOISE At least 7 5 db below full scale at rated sensitivity and maximum bandwidth with input terminated in optimum source impedance Procedure Readings Connect equipment as shown in Figure 5 1 Min Act Max omit 355D from setup af High 7 5 db b Set 415E to NORM 0 db HIGH and ON with GAIN VERNIER FREQ and BANDWIDTH controls 4 Low 7 5 db full clockwise Set 355C to 0 db and tune Oscillator to peak 415E d AdjustOscillator output for 1 0 volts RMS AC Voltmeter reading e Adjust 415E GAIN for 0 db meter reading and remove connections from 415E f Connect special 5000 ohm feed thru termina tion to INPUT See Procedure 6 of this table Set 415E RANGE DB to60 The average noise level indicated by meter pointer should be at least 1 5 db down from 0 on the 0 to 10 db scale h Switch INPUT to LOW and repeat steps b and c above i Adjust Oscillator output for 0 15 volt RMS AC Voltmeter reading j Adjust 415E GAIN for 0 db meter reading and remove connections to 415 k Connect Model 10100B Feed Thru Termination INPUT
97. red Recommended Type Specifications USE Check Model DC Voltmeter Voltage Range 0 1 to 30 volts Sensitivity and hp 412A or Input Impedance 10 megohms Noise and 3440A with Accuracy 1 of full scale General Purpose Circuit Voltage Checks 3443A plug in Attenuator Range at least 130 db in 10 and EXPAND and hp 355C and Variable 1 db steps RANGE atten hp 355D with Accuracy Calibration must be uator accuracy calibration known to 20 02 db for 1 db steps error chart to x0 017 db for first 20 db step 0 03 db for second 20 db step and 20 05 db for subsequent 20 db steps Feed Thru Value 5000 ohms Noise Shielded body Terminations Accuracy 10 11523 600 Met Film Resistor Resistor hp 0683 5125 Value 100 ohm Noise hp 10100B Accuracy 10 10100 Value 50 ohm EXPAND and hp 10100A Accuracy 10 RANGE atten uator accuracy 5 2 Oscilloscope Adapters and Cables Vertical Sensitivity 0 2 mv cm up to 20 v cm Bandwidth Adjustable from 40 Ke to 400 Kc Sweep Time 0 2 msec cm to 5 msec cm Input AC coupled floating non grounded General Purpose check and troubleshooting hp 140A oscillo Scope with hp 1420A Time base plug in and hp 1400 A Differential Ampl Plug in BNC Female to Female Adapter 1 Required Performance hp 1250 0080 9 UG 914 UN BNC to Dual Banana Adapter All Performance hp 10110A P
98. reet San Diego 92106 Tel T 714 223 8103 TWX 910 335 2000 GEORGIA Box 28234 2340 Interstate Parkway Atlanta 30328 Tel 404 436 6181 TWX 810 766 4890 COLORADO 7965 East Prentice Englewood 80110 Tel 303 771 3455 TWX 910 935 0705 FOR AREAS NOT LISTED CONTACT Hewlett Packard 1501 Page Mill Road Palo Alto California 94304 Tel 415 CONNECTICUT 508 Tolland Street East Hartford 06108 Tel 203 289 9394 TWX 710 425 3416 ill East Avenue Norwalk 06851 3009 North Scottsdale Road 203 8531251 DELAWARE 3941 Kennett Pike Wilmington 19807 Tel 302 655 6161 TWX 510 666 2214 ILLINOIS 5500 Howard Street Skokie 60076 Tel 312 677 0400 TWX 910 223 3613 INDIANA 4002 Meadows Drive Indianapolis 46205 Tel 317 546 4891 TWX 810 341 3263 LOUISIANA P 0 Box 856 1942 Williams Boulevard Kenner 70052 Tel 504 721 6201 TWX 810 955 5524 MARYLAND 6707 Whitestone Road Baltimore 21207 Tei 301 944 5400 TWX 710 862 0850 9 0 727 Twinbrook Station 20851 12303 Twinbrook Parkway Rockvilie Tel 301 427 7560 TWX 710 828 9684 MASSACHUSETTS Middlesex Turnpike Burlington 01803 Tel 617 272 9000 TWX 710 332 0382 MICHIGAN 24315 Northwestern Highway Southfield 48075 Tel 313 353 9100 TWX 810 232 1532 MINNESOTA 2459 University Avenue St Paul 55114 Tel 612 645 9461 TWX 910 563 3734 MISSOURI 9208 Wyoming Place Kansas City 64
99. resistor code First number identifies ground color second number identifies wider strip third number identifies narrower strip E g denotes white ground yellow wide stripe violet narrow stripe Figure 5 9 Schematic Notes 02152 2 5 17 Section Model 415E Figure 5 10 i Figure 5 10 A3 Circuit Doard Component Location for Instruments Prefixed 545 and up See Appendix for Component Location of Instruments Prefixed 530 02152 4 Al INPUT SELECTOR ASSEMBLY p 2 RANGE CIRCUIT BOARD ASSY PART t oF 2 A2 RANGE EXPAND ASSY PART I OF 4 i RANGE XTAL IMPED BIASED 13V 1854 0071 A 13V NOM SEE SCHEMATIC NOTES REFERENCE DESIGNATIONS WITHIN OUTLINED ASSEMBLIES ARE ABBREVIATED FULL DESIGNATION IN CLUDES ASSEMBLY NUMBER e g OF ASSEMBLY Al 15 DESIGNATIONS OF OTHER COMPONENTS ARE COMPLETE AS SHOWN POWER i i KAS 141 30 249 Si f OPTIONAL E Li aiu 918 av 3 958 A4 POWER SWITCH PART 3 OF 3 Fi 1 6 n OFF 9 7 8 Ri I CHARGE 38 3K A4 POWER SWITCH 527 PART 2 OF 3 i 1 VOLTAGE I
100. rs the recharge time should be double the oper ating time Continuous battery operation is possible for up to 36 hours but this must be followed by a pro longed recharge period 3 10 BATTERY STORAGE Storage of the battery at or below roomtemperature is best Extended storage at high temperatures will reduce the cell charge but not damage the battery if the storage temperature is less than 140 F It is suggested that the battery be charged after removal from storage and before using the Model 415E for battery operation 3 11 GROUNDLOOP CURRENTS 3 12 The 415E SWR Meter audio amplifier has high sensitivity tolow level signals To reduce groundloop currents the 415E grounds are isolated by 46 4 ohm resistor Ground loops occur when instruments are connected to 415E outputs and grounded through power cords or rack mountings Ground loops can be min imized in the following ways Connect the 415E to instruments with floating inputs b Connect the 415E to instruments with high input impedance Connect only the signal wire between in strument and the 415E Operation at higher signal levels d An Adapter on the power cord float the instru ment ground where not prohibited by safety regulations 3 13 BANDWIDTH AND FREQUENCY SELECTION 3 14 Twofront paneladjustments are provided to op timize operation of the Model 415E tuned amplifier The FREQ frequency control allows a total variation of 7 t
101. rwise noted a Model415E setto ON HIGH NORM RANGE 0 BANDWIDTH cw FREQ centered GAIN amp VERNIER b MODEL 140A with 1420A 6 1400 set to 0 2 msec cm 400 kc and appropriate vertical sensitivity c Model 200CE Oscillator set to about 1000 cps and for 0 db Model 415E meter reference d Model 412A DC Voltmeter set to appropriate range measurements made with respect to 415E common black terminal rear panel AMPLIFIER OUTPUT connector Figure 5 8 5 16 Meter and Output Waveforms 02152 1 Model 415 Section V Figure 5 9 1 Resistance in ohms indicates thousands of ohms and indicates millions of ohms 2 Capacitance in microfarads unless otherwise indicated indicates micro microfarads 3 screwdriver panel control 4 rear panel designation bardim front panel designation 5 circuit assembly borderline 6 245 CW indicates movable contact position at clockwise rotation limit of control CW shaft shaft viewed from knob or slotted end 1 ly Ts indicates socket connections of plug in assembly l 8 gt gt indicates plug in socket pin number 9 D Voltage regulator breakdown diode 10 NOM indicates positive DC power supply voltage is nominal and may vary from nominal value by 1 vde see Paragraph 4 24 INPUT BIASING 11 C encloses wire color code Wire color code same as
102. sco Calit 87930 Tower Mfg Corp Providence 88140 Cutler Hammet Isc Lincoln Hl 88220 Gould National Batteries Inc St Paul Minn 8642 Federal Telephone amp Radio Corp Clifton N J 88698 General Mills Inc Buffalo N Y 89231 Grayba Electric Co Oakland Calif 89665 United Transformer Co Chicago 90179 US Rubber Co Consumer Ind amp Plastics Prod Div Passaic N J 90970 Bearing Engineering Co San Francisco Calif 91260 Connor Spring Mfg Co San Francisco Calif 91345 Miller Dial amp Nameplate Co El Monte Calif 91418 Radio Materials Co Chicago 91506 Augat Inc Attleboro Mass 91637 Dale Electronics inc Columbus Nebr 91682 Elco Corp Willow Grove Pa 91737 Gremar Mfg Co Inc Wakefield Mass 91827 K F Development Co Redwood City Calif 91929 Honeyweil Inc Micro Switch Div Freeport Hi 91951 Nahw Bios Spring Oakland Calif 92180 Tru Conaector Corp Peabody Mass 92367 Elgeet Optical Inc Rochester N Y 92196 Universal Industries inc City of industry Calif 92607 Tensolite Insulated Wire Co Jac Tanytown N Y 93332 Sylvania Electric Prod Inc Semiconductor Div Woburn Mass 93369 Robbins and Myers lac New York N Y 93410 Stevens Mfg Co Inc Mansfield Ohio 93929 G V Controls Livingston 00015 42 Revised July 1966 02152 1 Code 94137 34144 94148 94154 94197 94222 94310 94330 94682 94696 95023 95236 95238 9
103. screw approximately 15 degrees counter clockwise This is enough to free the adjustment screw from the meter suspension If the pointer moves dur ing this step repeat steps b through d 5 12 BIAS POWER SUPPLY ADJUST 5 13 This adjustment sets the bias supply current and voltage levels which are supplied to the INPUT con nector for use with bolometers or biased crystal detectors This adjustment is accomplished by ad justing the potential of the positive DC power supply to an optimum value The positive DC power supply is typically set to 12 volts or as high as 14 volts DC a Remove top and left side covers b Connect a dual banana plug to male BNC con nector Connect a 2000hm resistor between terminals of dual banana plug c Connect a DC Voltmeter across the 200 ohm resistor d Turn 415E on and set INPUT switch to BOLO METER 8 7 The DC Voltmeter reading should be between 1 80 and 1 68 volts DC Ifnecessary adjust ment is made with variable resistor A3R54 see Figure 5 10 e Switch 415E INPUT switch to BOLOMETER 4 5 MA The DC Voltmeter should read between 0 93 and 0 87 volts DC 1f necessary adjustmentis made with A8R54 f Remove 200 ohm resistor from adapter and place with a 1000 ohm 145 resistor Switch INPUT Switch to XTAL IMPED BIASED The DC Voltmeter Should read between 1 03 and 0 97 volts DC If neces sary adjustment is made with A3R54 g Since one adjustment sets the bias level
104. short circuit current must be less than 3 ma See Table 5 5 for safe resis tance ranges for some common ohmmeters Table 5 5 Ohmmeter Ranges for Transistor Resistance Measurements 02152 2 Safe Open Short Lead Connect Ohmmeter Ohmmeter Range s Ckt Ck Transistor Pos Neg Measure Voltage Current Color Polarity Type leadto lead to ric ole hp 412A R x 1K 1 0V ima ohms hp 427A RX10K LOV 100 4 ic exc P 100 1 0 10 emitter base 200 250 Rx1M 1 0V lua Black Small Rx10M 1 0V 0 Ipa PNP Signal emitter collector 10K 100K Ger hp 410C IR x 1 3V 0 57 ma emitter base 30 50 Rx10K 1 3 57 manium power Rx 100K 1 3V 5 emitter collector several Rx1M L3V 0 5pa hundred Rx 10M 1 3V 0 05ua hp 410B R x 100 1 1V 1 1 ma base emitter iK 3K R Rx1K 1 1V 110 Small Black Rx10K 1 1V Lipa Signal very high Rx100K L1V 1 1 9 7 collector emitter might Rx1M 1 1V 0 Lipa read open NPN Simpson R x 100 1 5V lma Red Silicon base emitter 200 1000 260 Black Simpson R x 1K 1 5V 0 82 Black Power high often 269 T Red collector greater 7 than 1M Triplett x 100 1 59 3 25 ma Varies with 630 R x IK 1 5V 325pa Serial To test for transistor action add collector base Triplett R x 10 1 5V 750 Number Short Measured resistance
105. should decrease 310 Rx100 1 5 L 5 11 Section V Figure 5 4 A TRANSISTOR BIASING DEVICE SYMBOL CUTOFF VACUUM TUBE PLATE we CATHODE 200V 5 415 CONDUCTING NPN TRANSISTOR COLLECTOR PNP TRANSISTOR COLLECTOR ve E EMITTER B AMPLIFIER CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTIC 5 12 INPUT Z OUTPUT Z VOLTAGE GAIN CURRENT GAIN POWER GAIN Figure 5 4 Transistor Biasing and Operating Characteristics COMMON BASE 30 500 300 500K Q 500 1500 lt l 20 30 db COMMON EMITTER 3V CONTROLN CURRENT CONTROL CURRENT COMMON COLLECTOR 500 1500 0 30 50K N 300 1000 25 50 25 40 db 15v OUTPUT 20 500K 0 50 1000 0 I 02152 1 os Model 415E Section V Figure 5 4 PIN 7 PIN 5 1 5MV BANDWIDTH 24VDC 40KC SWEEP SWEEP 5MSEC CM 5MSEC CM PIN 6 4 76 24VDC l4vDC SWEEP 5MSEC CM SWEEP 5M SEC CM PIN 80v 8MV P P 14VDC 12 8 0 SWEEP 5MSEC CM SWEEP 5MSEC CM XA3 PIN 2 PIN 9 L P P 21 13 2VDC l2 8v0C SWEEP SMSEC CM 415 15 MEASUREMENT CONDITIONS unless otherwise noted a Model 415E set to HIGH NORM RANGE 0 BANDWIDTH cw FREQ cen
106. slightly changed due to any change inbandwidth andis typically less than0 5 db In addition to the front panel meter readout provided by the SWR Meter two rear panel outputs are also available An AC amplifier outputis provided to allow using the 415E as a high gain 126 db tuned amplifier a DC recorder output providing a convenient means of obtaining a permanent record of measurement data Either or both of these rear panel outputs can be used without affecting instrument meter operation provided power line ground is not connected to the instrument through either rear panel connector 1 4 INSTRUMENTS COVERED MANUAL 1 5 This manual applies directly to the Model 415E SWR Meters having serial numbers prefixed 719 first Bie 02152 4 three numbers of serial number If the serial prefix on your instrument is other than 719 there are differ ences between the manual and your instrument which are described in a Manual Changes sheet included with the manual If the manual changes sheet is missing the information canbe supplied by your nearest Hewlett Packard Sales and Service Office see lists at the rear of this manual The manual change sheet may also include an ERRATA section which describes manual correction information which applies tothe manual for all instruments including instruments prefixed 719 1 6 INSTRUMENT OPTIONS 1 7 This manual provides operating and servicing information for the standard Model 415E In a
107. source is usually square wave modulated at 1000 cps since other modulating waveforms often cause undesirable fre quency modulation of the source Harmonics from the Source sometimes cause trouble andcanbe eliminated with low pass filter 3 18 The detector shouldbe square law device out put voltage proportionalto RF power input such as a barretter or a crystal diode operated at low signal levels The meter of the 415E is calibrated for square law detectors Crystal diodes are normally more sen sitive than barretters but barretters are square law over a wider dynamic range Both types of detector normally maintain accurate square law responseupto at least fullscale deflection with the RANGE DB switch set to 30 position and coarse GAIN at maximum 1 RMS sine wave or 2 2 mv peak to peak square wave causes full scale deflection on HIGH XTAL IMPED position On other positions of INPUT switch 0 15 mv RMS sine wave or 0 33 mv peak to peak square wave causes full scale deflection Above this level these detectors should be individually checked for departure from square law behaviour or manufacturer s data should be consulted 02152 3 3 19 A short circuit termination is useful in establish ing reference positions along the transmission line and is measuring transmission line wavelengths 3 20 SLOTTED LINE PROBE PENETRATION 3 21 Ageneralrule in slotted line measurement is to use minimum probe penetration that still pic
108. ssen Street Braamfontein Johannesburg Tel 724 4172 TAIWAN Hwa Sheng Electronic Co Ltd P 0 Box 1558 21 Nanking West Road i 46076 45936 Cable VICTRONIX Taipei THAILAND The International Engineering Co Ltd P 0 Box 39 614 Sukhumvit Road Bangkok Tel 913460 1 2 Cable GYSOM Bangkok VIETNAM Landis Brothers and Company Inc Box H 3 216 Hien Yuong Saigon Tel 20 805 Cable LANBROCOMP Saigon FOR AREAS NOT LISTED CONTACT Hewlett Packard Export Marketing 1501 Page Mill Road Palo Alto California 94304 Tel 415 326 7000 Telex 034 8461 Cable HEWPACK Palo Alto 5 67
109. t Glebe New South Wales Tel 211 2235 211 2888 Cable HEWPARD Sydney CEYLON United Electricals Ltd Box 681 Yahala Building Staples Street Colombo 2 Tel 5496 Cable HOTPOINT Colombo ETHIOPIA African Salespower amp Agency Private Ltd Co 0 Box 718 Addis Ababa Tel 44090 Cable ASACO Addisababa HONG KONG Schmidt amp Co Hong Kong Ltd Box 297 1511 Prince s Building 10 Chater Road Hong Kong Tel 240168 232735 Cable SCHMIDTCO Hong Kong INDIA The Scientific Instrument Co Ld 6 Tej Bahadur Sapru Road Allahabad 1 Tel 2451 Cable SICO Allahbad The Scientific Instrument Co Ld 240 Dr Dadabhai Naoroji Road Bombay 1 Tel 26 2642 Cabie SICO Bombay The Scientific Instrument Co L 11 Esplanade East Calcutta 1 Tel 23 4129 Cable SICO Calcutta The Scientific Instrument Co Ld 30 Mount Road Madras 2 Tel 86339 Cable 5100 Madras The Scientific Instrument Co Ld 8 7 Ajmeri Gate Extn New Delhi 1 Tel 27 1053 Cable 5100 New Delhi IRAN Telecom Ltd P 0 Box 1812 Teheran Tel 43850 48111 Cable BASCOM Teheran ISRAEL Electronics amp Engineering Div of Motorola Israel Ltd 16 Kremenetski Street Tel Aviv Tel 35021 2 3 Cable BASTEL Tel Aviv JAPAN Yokogawa Hewlett Packard Ltd Shinhankyu Building No 8 Umeda Kita ku Osaka City Tel 0726 23 1641 Yokogawa Hewlett Packard Ltd Building No
110. t required to relocate the minimum withthe load concerned 3 41 The following example will clarify the above pro cedure Figure 3 10 showsthe important steps involv ing the Smith Chart The assumed characteristic im pedance is 50 ohms distance between adjacent minima is 15 cm therefore A 30cm swris measuredas 3 3 minimum i 1ocatedat22 The loadis shortedandthe minimum shifts to 19 cm toward the generator 02152 2 Section Paragraphs 3 39 to 3 49 22 cm 19 cm 3 em AW rg 3 30 cm 0 1 wavelength 3 42 The following numbered steps refer directly to Figure 3 10 1 A circle for swr 3 3 is drawn 2 A line is drawn from the 0 12 point toward the generator to the center of the chart 3 The normalized impedance at the intersection of the circle and the line is 0 44 j 0 63 The impedance of the load for 70 509 is then 50 0 44 10 63 22 j 31 5 ohms 3 43 SPECIAL APPLICATIONS 3 44 The Model 415E is equipped with outputs which allow applications other than as a meter indicating de vice for swr or attenuation 3 45 RECORDER 3 46 The rear panel recorder output furnishes an out put from 0to 1 volt DC with internal resistance of 1000 ohms and provides a convenient means of obtaining permanent record of measured data For proper op eration the recorder output ground BNC shell must be connected to a floating ground Adapters are com
111. ter soldering remove excess flux from the Soldered area and apply a protective coating to pre vent contamination and corrosion See Table 5 3 for recommendations 5 22 COMPONENT REPLACEMENT a Remove defective component from circuit board b Remove solder from mounting holes usingasuc tion desoldering aid Table 5 3 or wooden toothpick c Shape leads of replacement component to match mounting hole spacing d Insert component leads into mounting holes and position component as original was positioned DO NOT FORCE LEADS OF REPLACEMENT COMPO NENT INTO MOUNTING HOLES Sharp lead ends may damage plated through conductor Note Axial lead components suchas resist ors and tubular capacitors can be replaced without unsoldering Clip leads near body of defective component remove component and Straighten leads left in board Wrap leadsof replacement component one turn around orig inal leads Solder wrapped connection and clip off excess lead Table 5 3 Etched Circuit Soldering Equipment Item Use Specification Wattage rating 37 5 Tip Temp 750 800 F Tip Size 1 8 OD Item Recommended Ungar 776 Handle with Ungar 1237 Heating Unit Soldering Tool Soldering Unsoldering Soldering Tip Soldering general purpose Unsoldering Shape chisel Size 1 8 Ungar PL113 Unsoldering multi connection components De soldering aid Suction device to remove molten solder
112. tered GAIN 6 VERNIER cew LINE ON b MODEL 140A with 1420 amp 1400A set to 0 2 msec cm 400 kc and appropriate vertical sensitivity Model 200 Oscillator set to about 1000 cps and for 0 db Model 415E meter reference d Model 412A DC Voltmeter set to appropriate range measurements made with respect to 415E common black terminal rear panel AMPLIFIER OUTPUT connector Figure 9 5 Power Supply Waveforms AC OPERATION ONLY 02152 1 5 13 Section V Figure 5 6 PIN 7 O 4MV P P BANDWIDTH 4OKC PIN 6 IMV 2 6 0 BANDWIDTH 40KC PIN 3 3MV P P l3 2VDC BANDWIDTH 4OKC SWEEP 5MSEC CM PIN 2 0 8 P P I3 2VDC MEASUREMENT CONDITIONS unless otherwise noted BANDWIDTH 40KC SWEEP IMSEC CM Model 415E PINS 0 8 I3VDC BANDWIDTH 40KC XAZ PIN 4 3MV_P P 13 2V0C BANDWIDTH 4 SWEEP 5MSEC CM BANDWIDTH 40KC SWEEP MSEC CM 415E A 1 a Model 415E set to HIGH NORM RANGE 0 BANDWIDTH cw FREQ centered GAIN amp VERNIER cew BATTERY ON b MODEL 140A with 1420A amp 1400A set to 0 2 msec cm 400 and appropriate vertical sensitivity Model 200CE Oscillator set to about 1000 cps and for 0 db Model 415E meter reference d Model 412A DC Voltmeter set to appropriate range All measurements made with respect to 415E common black terminal rear
113. tor to peak 415E meter needle to right Record Counter reading e Turn FREQ full counterclockwise f Tune Oscillator topeak 415E Record Counter reading The difference between the recorder fre quency readings of steps d andf must be at least 70 cps with 1000 cps between the two frequencies Readings Min Act 1020 cps 1036 Max 980 cps ce 4 0 Diff 76 02152 3 Difference gt 70 cps Section Model 415E Table 5 2 Table 5 2 Performance Tests Cont d 5 BANDWIDTH Variable 15 to 130 cps Procedure Readings a Connect equipment as shown in Figure 5 1 Act Act Difference lt 15 cps omit 355D and AC Voltmeter 416 453 13 b Set415Eto LOW ON NORM 0 RANGE DB with GAIN and VERNIER full clockwise Act Act w 44 Difference gt 130 cps 2 x I Turn BANDWIDTH full counterclockwise d Tune Oscillator to peak 415E Switch 415 EXPAND to 0 and retune Oscilla tortobe surethat 415E is peakedat center frequency f Adjust GAIN control for a 0 meter reading g Tune Oscillator slightly off tuned frequency causing meter reading to drop to exactly 1 5 db and record Counter reading h Tune Oscillator back to tuned frequency and then off to other side of tuned frequency causing meter reading to drop to exactly 1 5 db Record Counter reading The difference between the readings
114. y to use a Determinethe guide wavelength A gas explained in Paragraph 3 28 b Measure the swr by the method in either Para graph 3 26 or 3 28 c Locate a convenient minimum with the load still in place Record the probe carriage reading d Replace load by a short relocate the minimum and record the probe carriage reading Determine A d the difference between this reading and the one from step c Note whether the minimum was moved toward the load or toward the generator e Calculate the shift of the minimum in terms of wavelength Ad g f Start at center of Smith Chart and draw a circle with a radius equal to the swr g Enterthe Smith Chart at the top move inthe di rection of probe movement noted in step d and a dis tance AA computed in step e Use wavelength scale at the periphery of the Smith Chart h Draw line from the AA point to the center of the chart i Locate the normalized impedance as the inter section of the swr circle and the line drawn in step h j The actual impedance is the product of the nor malized impedance from step i and 70 the line char acteristic impedance Note The convention of enteringthe chartas stated in step g applies only if the minimum is lo cated first with the load onthe line and relo cated whenthe line is shorted If it is neces sary to first establish the shorted minimum point the direction of would be opposite to the direction of probe movemen

HP 415E User's Manual

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