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Furuno LP-1000 User's Manual

1. Nob NOS o J NVHOT APA 4 DOSSIONY X 3dW2 M INOBIWH W TSINHPT 996 x3 WN X 90999207 1 i 1 i 1 a HOLINOW 30uiNoo QN3931 09 are 0 6 IHD NIVHO vas M f 2 ER 4 EE i A 92 11 0861 i Be 3j x i 1 oo M 59 24 4 X 3 xx am AG 9L 05 SS 2 5 00092 X 9 pes C cesn 000441008 VC INIL 1667 06 08 21 944 uo OF ZINS 40 149 195 0414 189 S ULL PLLOS NIVHO 05 0667 139 2305 0668 199 580 1 pe130p NIVHO HLYON Wa3lSAS 2 IOnvs APA 9 unO 8uvH Z HOLINOW GB 39Vu 3dV2 lO41NO5 Q 1343201NVN X ONILLIASNVH IOS N3931 PO ISIN HPT 96 A win2ov WN X Put UNS j e6u8A07 sium 0583149 ser ssn NIVHO 15709 153 POOLS 095520 ESN GL EGE S s 002 LL 9 AW3C SNL AAC 31130nvg q31vWO4nv HOL
2. Wx xxx xxx n YAA x Normally when PWR is hit 1 power is applied to the machine 2 a beep is generated 3 the self test is conducted and 4 the monitor screen is presented the machine is turned on with the back up memory contents volatilized the self check result will be presented as shown below either left or right illustration but monitor screen does not appear If the self test result is presented as shown right turn off and on the machine The left shown screen will be presented C0 yy STARTUP SIATUS SIAPTUP STATUS RAM SYSTEM AREA OK RAM SYSTEM AREA OK RAM USER AREA HAM AREA IE TS OK ROM 1 NO 225 0101 104 ROM2 NO 225 0101 204 PLEASE CHOOSE LIT IE ONE RELOW MIKEY SAVE wAYTPOINTS 2 KEY ALL MEMORIES ROM 1 NO 225 0101 104 ROMY ND 225 0101 704 NOW STARTING UP MEMORY 1 KROR 7 When the self test result is presented as shown left conduct the following operations If you do not mind erasing all the memory contents including the waypoints hit 2 If you want to erase all the data excluding the waypoints 1 Hit 1 2 While calling up the waypoint one by one through the WPT 2 Recall amp erase waypoint path record those data in a log 3 Erase all the memory contents through the INIT 7 All memories clear path
3. itz 2 1 EX I l 629227 amm 1 C APY 4 Tu ar y rz 3a iex ow I et i GP E EN 77352065221 132003202 UMP Bu J9 1928y gt APF 1 Standard Current loop vs Furuno s Current loop Problem occurs when interfacing the Furuno equipment with the standard current loop which is employed in personal computers etc Furuno s logic is negative but their logic is positive Standard Curront loop Furuno s Currcnt loop O cut off current loop L current Toop RARE NO Q Ul ARKH l cut off PYG oreo Sean Seat RX 1 Tx C RX ON i oo 4 TAH RX pees Saat eu A M 4 iX NOTE Though iL is requtated NMEA 0180 0183 Lo exchange information by using voitage ievei signal current icop system is popular among many marine eiectronics Su long as negalive logic 15 used in their CURRENT LOOP VERSION of NMEA 013020143 they may be inter r faced with problem arises 2 turuno s equipment EF not the above mentioned APPENDIX G X HOW TO RECOVER FROM
4. Fig 25 Now you may enter a new plot interval in NO 2 position 11 MIN is preset now by hitting numeric keys and ENT 5 To return to the plotter or monitor screen hit PLT or MON Or if you want to continue plot interval preset return to the pre presented screen by hitting 4 BACKWARD LEERI ENON pun Hit of PLT or MON instantly takes you back to the plotter or monitor screen from any point in tne menu tree These keys may be utilized when you want to escape from the menu screen 34 As shown on the table on page 59 the larger the SNR value the better the signal quality The maximum SNR value is 99 For test it is important that vou have at least one station whose SNR is less than 99 so that you can easily observe any small degradation of SNR as various machines on your boat are turned on one by one If at least one station exhibits an SNR lower than 99 you may skip the following step and proceed to step 3 Before doing that however write down the SNR values for the three stations pre ferably in the back of this manual so thal you will have a permanent record of SNR values Otherwise go to step 2 In the extremely unlikely situation where all three stations have SNR s of 99 you must manually select a station for lower SNR value Call the following screen and you will find the master and slaves which were selected automatically Path L
5. NMEA 0183 FA TKI IKK KR IKK AK IKK IKK RIKKI KR KIKI 1 EXT NAV port input LCGLL DEGLL TRGLL GPGLL IIGLL LCVTG DEVTG TRVTG GPVTG IIVTG OUTPUT port i o input MTW DBT NOTE may be any talker identifier Wildcard output LCGLL DEGLL TRGLL GPGLL TIGLL I CGTD LCV TG DE YTG TRVTG GPVTG LCAAM DEAAM TRAAM GPAAM LCWPL DEWPL GPWPL IIWPL LCBUD DEBOD TRBOD GPBOD 11800 LC BWC DE BHC TRBWC GP BHC LCXTE DE XTE TRXTE GPXTE IIXTE NOTE LCGTD is ourput only when the built in receiver is selected APD 1 OUTPUT RS232C TXD 2 3 RXD DSR 8 20 DTR GND 10 7 GND DPST 13 GND 14 Casc 4 1 EXT NAV OUTPUT ports CURRENT LOOP factory setting 532 1 2 86 1 2 plug off off off ON off ON jlug off For connection diagrams see pages 8 and 9 APB 3 2252 27 521020 15547 ys a z i guy L 57 5555 i SLATE E z TII m EN 0S n0 23 Iter 5 E 3 i P Hie 4x2 Ss Siar ee 27 L2 s ie 2 ma 4 PO a t CET Z T P 62227 ES k
6. cocer Er E EU Edu EE 3l T BAUKWARS Hee I FORNARI 32 f BACKWARD VE SELECTO ten esate faite ay 33 telis ERIS R 24 Dthers WEG Chair Se 27 T Marks On rase aeos ca UE oe ea 22 Legends on Plotter Screen 23 26 Mist NM I NP 28 p d d ua wu ates E ire Gothen E u Z 33 NAVIGATING WITH LP 1900 a tal meee ee Bb en gee 35 Noise Test after Initial Installation 36 Caast tuia pat rt 39 Plotting Erdsing Ship s Course Line 40 Entering Recalling Erasing Waypoints 4 Waypoint Navigation uu Vi 43 Route pa ion dace ars aute rai erac gre wae wean 44 Erasing Track line Waypoint Marks T 46 Using AAPM FUREETON a E ae a 46 MORE ABOUT LP 1000 Loring Recalling Ship s Course Line 49 Us Dg RAM uu ea pap a au RS ERE E uid 50 Corrections aQ S uN 51 Selectangq GRIPS eves Mana TY dosage ex eC Y e die ete 54 On screen geer ieu beer AU e sw rb ers 55 Turning on off LAT LON Grid Pr
7. ON or OFF 9 Chart selection ON OFF AUTO or MANUAL Tarn 1 Arrival or anchor watch alarm 1 Arrival alarm LIMIT DEED M d ON or OFF 2 Anchor watch alarm LIMIT SCC MEAE ON or OFF 2 Cross track error alarm LIMIT n METTRE or OFF 3 Border alarm LIMIT or OFF 4 Wake up alarm TIME AM ERI SION S ON or OFF JAO 1VOHS Q31vVWO1nYv HOLINOW 3dYO MOHHVN X ONILLINSNYHUL ISWHPZ 96 Aamo x14 pur E Beso jo tiyan MOSI MOF y j 59 N SG 0962 IHD NIVHO 5 30 FIND J NVHOT 2957 BZ Z0 EC 3 sn 000 92 2057 5 sn 000 x 47 33 29139 JWL NI W 3Y0 MOHHWN 33N3kiV19 180 6 08 06 esn 00C Ep oesn 000 62 3esn 2958 poo i BWIL XVW JWL E Xn xig X Pus C 25020407 hu KEN u x 3 2 vU Q31YWO40 v HOLINOW DNILLIWSNYHI QON3531 061 MSGI 0666 _ zo ED e
8. Erasing AT Event Mark Mechanical Exploded View da SPECIFICATIONS OF LP 1000 RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS 1 Receiving Frequency 100 kHz 2 Interference Rejection 6 automatic notch filters 3 Tracking Speed 80 knots maximum PROCESSOR DISPLAY CHARACTERISTICS 1 Picture Tube 7 inch flat face yellow green CRT 2 Alphanumeric Data Ship s position in Tat lon chart scale bearing range to a waypoint ship s speed and course water temperature and depth sensor required L L of cursor position range bearing tu a cursor position event marks XTE year date time 3 Course Plotting Map Scale 1 2 000 to 1 5 000 000 in 1 1 000 steps or 0 14 to 385 n m in 0 08 n m steps of horizontal range operator presetting provided with 2 pages of plotting picture in different chart scales Projection Mercator Projection Usable Ground 85 latitude or below Waypoints 99 points max identified by 3 alphanumerics Plot Interval The most used 5 intervals may be preset from Hold 10 15 50 55 sec 1 2 58 59 min or 0 01 n m to 9 99 n m in 0 01 n m steps 4 Alarms Arrival or Anchor Watch XTE Border and Alarm Clock 5 Memory Built in RAM chip retaining courseline 1800 points and Event 1524 points May be divided into 2 3 or 6 partitions Each block may be displayed superimposed on another Back up for 3 years OPTI
9. OM E4316 0E OWNER S MANUAL LORAN C PLOTTER LP 1000 FURUNO ELECTRIC LTD NISHINOMIYA JAPAN 8807100KS 8807 tuyu PRINTED JAPAN FURUNO ELECTRIC LTD YOUR LOCAL AGENT DEALER No 9 52 ASHIHARA CHO NISHINOMIYA CITY JAPAN TELEPHONE 0798 65 2111 CABLE FURUNO NISHINONMI A TELEX 5644 325 326 FURUNO J TELEFAX 0798 65 4200 GI GII WARNING AGAINST HIGH TENSION The operation of this equipment involves the use of high voltage which endangers human life Although the design of the equipment has been made in due consideration of measures to insure the operalor s safety adequate precaution must be exercised when reaching inside the equipment for the purpose of maintenance and service Do not change component or inspect the equipment with the voltage applied residual charge may exist in some eapacitors with the equipment turned off Always short all supply lines to the chassis with an insulated serewdriver or a similar tool prior to touehing the circuit FIRST AID IN CASE OF ELECTRIC SHOCK When a victim struck by electricitv is found first switch off the equipment via the main switeh on the equipment or the ship s distribution board If this 15 not possible protect yourself with dry insulating material a wooden plate or rod cloth your belt etc and pull the victim clear of electricity If the vietim is not breathing himself a
10. WPT ID i TD2 7 Recall amp specify route ROUTE ID WPT ID s Erase Olbia Le Rud ROUTE ID Plotter functions 2 Recall track amp marks from partition PARTITIONZ b Plot interval preset Store track amp marks into partition PARTITION CLF BY SE Jo RTT TIME a JA BY VS pare ae diese DISTANCE i 4 Mark for events comments only 61 This machine employs sophisticated mathematic algorithms to reduce the possibility of a 10 microsecond error caused by weak signals but if the shape of the Loran C pulse is distorted by passage over land or by reflection from other vessels or even from masts or conductors on your own vessel cycle locking problems could occur The three digit figures from left to right indicate the tracking points for the Master Slave 1 and Slave 2 signals respectively O indicates that the receiver thinks it is tracking on Lhe correct cycle and I indicates that the receiver suspects that it is tracking on the wrong cycle For example in Fig 43 the slave 1 signal is shown as tracking on the wrong cycle Entry of correction data If I is indicated in any diyil of you can estimate how many cycles the tracking point is deviating enter correction value on the prompt line bottom line You may enter the corvection value for each MASTER
11. NO eke l current loop TX H p RX H RX C RX H p TX H RX C 4 TX C When the NMEA 0180 0183 side sends out O HIGH voltage for example current will flow through the transmission line This condition is recognized as 1 by the current loop side Thus both systems can not be interfaced without adding logic inverters NMEA 0180 0183 vs Furuno s Current loop Negative logic is employed in Furuno s current loop system 0 and 1 correspond to current loop and cut off conditions respectively In most cases both systems may be interfaced though Furuno s handles current siynal and NMEA does vu taye siynal Supposing Lhal the NMEA 0180 0183 side outputs O HIGH for example current will flow in the photo coupler which is located at the Furuno side e g logical ZERO NMEA 0180 0183 Furuno s Current loop O HIGH voltage 0 current loop 1 LOW voltage RIKER 1 l cut off TX H RX H TX C RX C RX H TX H RX C TX APC 1 APPENDIX MODIFICATION FOR RS232C INTERFACING KCK KKK k ik kk k k k k k k k kk k k k k k k k k k K kk K k k k k ke kc As mentioned on page 7 this machine is provided with FURUNO CIF NMEA 0180 Cross track error output only and NMEA 0183 It may also be interfaced with
12. xM 25 0903 TE fou gt oye 25 EX eis Poe xe ann E EE DANIA s 24 i x m eam s A anche bua 4 Z 2 gt x SND NOTE 1 0 22 2 Connection Kit optional is required This kit includes the plug for LP 1000 only Procure the cable Separately 2 Do not forget to strap a jumper between pin 7 and 8 LP 1000 3 Ground unused twisted pairs Floating wire causes noise 9 ANTENNA COUPLER INSTALLATION The antenna coupler unit is completely watertight when installed correctly It should be mounted as high as possible on the boat free fram the influences of nearby antennas rigging and masts Since it is rarely possible to avoid nearby metallic objects especially on small boats a compromise must be struck on most boats Most skippers prefer to have their antenna on the highest mast because this is their primary means to signal a distress situation The second most critical piece of electronics on tho boat however should the Loran C antenna and if this must be on the same mast as the VHF antenna at least try to mount it on a crosstree on the other side of the mast from the VHF antenna A separation between antennas of at least 3 feet 15 needed Loran C antennas can perform adequately on sailboats with transom installa tions but in marginal signal areas Lhe performance m
13. Water depth Water temperature Colur sounder connection required e X TE NOTE The chart scale indicated on the top line is for reference only it is not intended for strict use may be selected may bc magnified See P 28 Fig 14 SPD ship s speed VID velocity to destination HDG ship s heading BRG bearing to TO WPT RNG range to TO WPT TTG time to go to TO WPT LC ER Course error HDG discussed here is the ship s moving direction which is calculated through position fixings HDG is not always equal to the ship s bow direction which is typically measured by using a compass This is because the ship can be moved off the bow direction due to current drift wind uneven load condition etc Imagine an extreme case where your boat 15 stationary and is drifting to starboard with the bow directed to north The compass reading would be zero though your boat is moving in a 90 direction SPD is the ship s true speed measured in the above mentioned HDG direc tion This value is also calculated through position fixings Thus SPD is the ground tracking speed It should be noted that the speed which is measured by a speed log is the water tracking speed in ship s fore aft direction The log indicates the true speed only when the water 1s still and the ship is moving exactly in the bow direction The deflection of HDG from the TO WPT direction is termed C ER Course Error See the left figure on the ne
14. 4 or PLT to escape When ENT is hit the self test screen will appear as shown below The machine checks itself and the check results are presented as shown below 96 25 07 10 38 20 SELF TEST je Memories I PORTS PLCASE SET Input output ports for ext equipment OK For service technicean only NG Keys 7 AW Good will be displayed unless jumpers AFTER ETRE POWER OFF M are connected PLEASE HIT ANY KEY gt Built in loran receiver e Memory card driver Keys Hit keys one by one while PLFASE HIT ANY KEY is displayed and check if proper key symbol is presented Fig 42 After testing turn the power off You have no choice to escape from the self test but to turn the power off 58 MNU kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk MENU LIST OF LP 1000 KKK KKK kk kr kk ke e e ke oke oke lc kr oke KR KKK START is here DATA to be entered WPT 1 Select WP for navigation LLJ Waypoint navigation FROM WPT ID a TO ID 2 Route navigation ROUTE ID 3 Turn off navigation 2 Recall amp erase waypoint WPT ID 3 Enter WPT by lat lon NEP WPT ID LAT LON r 4 Enter WPT by present position WPT ID 5 Enter WPT by range bearing RANGE BEARING WPI 1D 6 Enter WPT by ID S
15. 4 Referring to the log reenter the waypoints through the WPT 3 Enter WPT by lat lon path After the above mentioned operations set up various parameters through the INIT PLOT menus etc APG 1 IO IO III I APPENDIX E CHANGING TRACKING SPEED Kk kk k k k k k k k k k Kk kk k kk k k k k k k k k This machine can perform position fixing until the ship s speed exceeds 80 5 By cutting jumper wire on the 22 0006 board shown below you may change the max tracking speed down to 40 5 If the ship s max speed is below 40 5 you may conduct this modification Loran fix will become more stable the course iine will be plotted more smoothly when compared with the 80 5 setting with the jumper AMP 22P0006 APE e e e APPENDIX HOW TO REPLACE ROM CHIPS dokokekoke ko ke e ke kk RAK CAUTION Even if the machine is turned off some circuits are kept alive by the back up battery Do not touch the circuits unless instructed below Shortcicuit may result in defect of the component or destruction of the back up memory contents 1 Put the machine on the table upside down 2 Loosen the four screws and remove the cabinet cover as illustrated below x4 EE Eg 6 2 96 e 09 ONNYNA 3 Extract the ROM s U6 and U7 from the GDC 22P0003 board by using an IC extractor 4 After inse
16. to mounting bolt used to secure the alternator to its mounting frame This lead also must be kept shorter than 4 inches or so in order for thc capacitor to do its job Do Not connect the capacitor to the Field terminal of the alternator at the risk of destroying the alternator itself Hopefully the electrolytic capacitor will do the job for you and if that is the case you can proceed to mount it securely the allernalor perhaps by using tie wraps Make sure the capacitor isn t able to move around under vibration since the leads could be broken off If you have any doubts about what you are doing it is time to call ina qualified electronics technician especially if the simple capacitor treatment doesn t do the trick Color TV s One other particularly nasty interference source is the typical home grade color television although sometimes a regular black and white TV will wreak havoc Loran C reception linfortunately the only solution to this sort of interference is to turn the offending TV off or else purchase a commercial grade TV receiver which is better shielded than the home quality units Displaying Erasing Coast Line 1 Insert the ROM card into the memory card driver 2 Path List MNU OPT Options 1 Recall chart from media FILE ID Enter the ID identification code of the coast line which you want to call from the RUM card 3 Path List MNU OPT Options 8 Chart di
17. Auto is chosen in the following path the variation which is assigned to the ship s existing area is automatically referred to and various bearing indications are presented as magnetic bearings On Lhe olher hand if Manual mode is chosen you must enter the magnetic variation in accordance with the sea area where your boat stays 53 2 Giving offset of TD LL manually This machine is capable of storing L L correction and or TD correc tions internally for compensation of the L L readout so that it more closely matches the actual position of the vessel as shown on a navigation chart This manual compensation facility is in addi tion to the automatic ASF compensation function You must thus be careful that you don t inadvertently call up both functions ASF and manual corrections simultaneously because then you will be in effect making double compensation you probably didn t intend to invoke This machine nas ten pages into which correction information either by L L and or by TD may be entered These pages are iden tified by the exact GRI and slave TD s that are entered into each page and are invoked by the computer only once after power has been turned on and loran signals have been first acquired For example if you specify a set of correction values in page Ol using a GRI of 4990 Central Pacific chain with slaves of 11 and 29 then this page will be invoked only when the first two digits of the slave TD s
18. Own ship blinks WOZ Waypoint WPT with ID X Y Event marks i A WO2 Route with ID a ee A In many cases a voyage from the origin to the final destination involves several course changes requiring a series of waypoints which you navigate to one after another The sequence of waypoints leading to the final destination is called route FROM WPT amp TO As mentioned above navigation is achieved by passing over waypoints one after another The waypoint which you are presently sailing for is called the TO WPT and the one which you have just left 3s called the FROM In most short range navigations we leave the destination straightly without making course changes In this case FROM WPT is the urigin and TO WPT is the destination 22 origin and sail to the Interpreting the plotter screen text Event mark Course plotting interval selectable among selectable among five X Y Navaid in use Date amp Chart Selectable among Internal Loran External time scale Loran NNSS Decca and GPS f H 1 08124787 sv Correction status 34 23 15N 7 135 24 1561 Ship s posiLion in L L or AES in time difference is INS N SPD S or VID V HDG or BRG RNG or TTG X Y A
19. or 5 mark indicates what percent of the lateral lane width the cross track error amounts to Une point of the mark equals one third of the lateral lane width TO wil 1 I C 1 1 E ME GELD i 1 i 1 1 dn i 5 lt lt lt p I I I d ie LR ML l ME Width Q5 Core Width FROM WPT n Fig 17 When the ship goes outside the safety lane three points of the marks appear and an alarm is released The Morse coded audible alarms are R for STEER RIGHT and ____ 1 for STEER LEFT Be careful not to confuse them 29 Interpreting the piotter screen cursor When 9 61 is hit cursor and following data are additionally presented i Bearing range to cursor from present position Cursor position 08 24 87 1 250000 1 LLLRN 09 30 50 f MAGV _ Cursor Fig 18 Dual page plotting This machine is provided with two pages of plotting pictures and either page may be called on the screen To switch the page on the screen simply hit 1491 The two pages are essentially equal to each other but note that a dif ferent section of a chart may be projected on the CRT with a different scale by using arrow and gt lt gt lt keys as shown below It may be advised to use one page with a large scale to gr
20. SN LSVAHLNOS O NVHOT 02 5 iSWHPz 96 MSS p 906 2951 9 6 02 2 130 Si 3814 X SI W 314 WEN pue INS E 9099407 jo 000 7 ____ 00041 AM 33G SWI 89 GaLVWOLNY HOLINCH YOLINOW ONILLIASNVHI QN3931 MOLI 821 NIVHO DHIDNVd TVHLN3O 9 Si Nvno 2 HOJINON IHSVS3D DNILLINSNYMI 5 VWI W GN3931 96 Aunay X4 WN X pus heso 32051 Je0VT 3 01 64 65 0166 GLA 0166 1 2 02 26 06 0166 ANN DU cea 1S3MHLH Sesn gc 926 lt 9 5esn 000 SS 4 NIVH ON Desn pZ OLE 000 O X 82 96 6 desn OOO LL M I AWL APA 2 ORION IGNHPZ 996 Auray xid pur jo URN muay 30 Sen o9 z r 99 90768046 Sesn EZ IT E Z 960 000 09 17 000 1 S sn 000 92 000411 AV GC INIL HOLI
21. Shift The keys with small alphabets marked on them may be used as alphabetic keys If you want to input an ID code 3 digit identification code of data with alphabets hit SFT The SHIFT indication will appear at the lower right corner of the screen and you may input alphabets by hitting those keys To return Lo the normal key mode hit SFT again and the SHIFT indi cation will disappear Note should be taken that SHIFT is auto matically cleared when ENT is hit Polarity changeover By hitting this key you may change the polarity of the datum LAT LONG for example which you have input with the numeric keys lt gt NORTH lt gt SOUTH WEST lt gt EAST CCIR Clear When you have hit wrong alphanumeric key s you may cancel the datum by hitting CLR Hit of this key also Silences the alarm ENT Enter After having input a correct datum with the above mentioned keys hit LENT and the datum will be formally accepted by the machinc Plotter related keys _ 2 P lt Chart scale changer keys Depression of these keys expands or shrinks the chart scale 172 Cursor presentation on off key Every hit of this key alternately turns on and off the cursor presentation t z gt J Ol HJ 7 s lt CTR Cursor chart shift keys You may shift the cursor gn the chart by pressing these keys If the cursor presentation is turned off dep
22. XIL Course Dix mr d terap i TEMP SENSOR 110 220 VAC BECHER La 3m 2 A i 0 NMEA QigO 1 pus e S sr m mim gt 1 Autopilot 11 40 VDC RE optional Connectors and cables required For RS 232C IE IC Chip OP22 3 is required DISPLAY UNIT ANTENNA COUPLER AC 100C Enos 280 11 07 gt 231 9 1 gt 4 675 lt 247 9 7 KR 0 418 66 2 6 100 3 9 Weight 5 5 12 1 Ibs Weight 1 5 kg 3 3 lbs Unit mm incn CKING LIST NAME 2 In E 1 DISPLAY UNIT MS Lara E G d ANTENNA COUPLER OUTLINE buscaron LP 1000 X184 0211 RS 232C i f 107 Te 000 4 125 UL r display unit 0 101 8 848 000 1 1251 UL 000 111 849 for CRT assembly Bi INSTALLATION MATERIALS POWER CABLE 2250019 2 000 109 0 000 00 ACCESSORIES pem 22 001 0123 1000 7j 100 082 410 ee ii FP 22 00110 ci BRACKET 4557 amp 4 004 026 880 KNOR BOLT ASSY FP22 00120 004 026 890 22 001 0202 00 for heh mounting 100 082 400 TAPPING SCREW 6x20 515304 000 800 101 MG
23. microsecond lines The spacing between adjacent TD s far the 9970 X TD 1 lt 200 microse conds The spacing between adjacent TD s for the 9970 Y TD s is also 200 microseconds spacing between adjacent TD s for the 9970 W TD s however 15 only 100 microseconds What this means is that for any given change in position the X and Y TD s change more than does the W ID This phenomenon is known as gradient and denotes the amount of change of position for a given change of Time Difference Conversely for any change in TD s for the X and Y TD s there would be a greater change in position than for the W TD s Obviously the smaller the position shift for a given change in TD s the better the accuracy we can expect determining our exact position There is however a fly in the ointment While the W slave station would be a better choice on the basis of gradient alonc in the area we are considering near Yokohama the station is located farther away then the 54 Setting Notch Filters Manually eliminating interference Loran C receivers are vulnerable Lo inlerference in Lhe region of 60 KHz to 140 KHz coming from sources such as Decca chain transmitters or mili tary low frequency communication transmitters This machine contains ix notch filters to notch out and eliminate such interfering loca signals Normally these filters are used automatically since they will seek out and notch offending signals very accurately a
24. 515404 000 864 129 DISPLAY UNIT INSTALLATION Mounting Mounting Location The display unit is carefully constructed to be able to withstand the humidity and corrosive atmosphere common in the marine environment but it is not designed to be used outside directly exposed to that environ ment Salt water spray will most assuredly cause damage to the sen sitive components inside Keep these and the following factors in mind when planning the installation of the display unit ICAUTTON Furuno will assume no responsibility for the damage caused by exposure to either fresh or salt water 1 The display unit consumes very littie power so there is no need of forced air ventilation However it is necessary to provide at least some circulation of cooling air by allowing sufficient space around the unit 2 Many owners will undoubtedly use the LP 1000 on small boats many with center consoles The display unit must be mounted inside an enclosed cabinet completely shielded frcm salt water spray and from fresh water spray if the boat is usually hosed down after a day s ouling Most small center console boats are equipped with such an enclosed cabinet behind the wheel and most have clear doors so that eguipment may be seen behind them 3 Even though the picture is quite legible even in direct sunlight it is recomnended to keep the display unit cut of direct sunlight or at least shaded because of heat that
25. Do not damage inner TE conductor 5 Tin inner conductor carefully 6 Slip male conductor in place butt against dielectric and solder Be sure cable dielectric is not heated excessively and swollen so s to prevent dielectric from entering into conductor body Push assembly into body as far as it will go Slide nut into body and screw in place with wrench until tight For this operation hold cable and shell rigid and rotate nut Unless you are also connecting optional peripheral equipment externa navigator autopilot color sounder the only wiring necessary is for the power connection and the antcnna cable How to Combine with Auxiliary Equipment This machine is provided with two ports connectors on the rear panel for connections to externa devices EXT NAV Input Only Port SIMPLEX When this machine is operated display device without using the built in loran receiver external position fixing equipment is connected here The data format acceptable is FURUNO CIF or NMEA 0183 for either loran C NNSS satnav Decca or GPS To use the external navigator do not forget to select it on the plotter and menu screens See pages 28 and 57 OUTPUT Input And utput Port full DUPLEX Usually an autopilot or color video sounder is connected to this port The data format is FURUNO CIF NMEA 0183 or 0180 cross track error Carry out wiring in accordance with the f
26. TD1 and TD2 at 10 microsecond step 10 microseconds corresponds to one cycle deviation of the tracking point SNR SNR means Signal to Noise Ratio and is a relative measure of the quality of the signal in the presence of noise either generated locally on the boat or generated in the ionosphere The table below lists the numerical values for SNR and shows what the various values mean E READING _ DESCRIPTION SIG ERR 00 to 09 Too weak to track signal lost ON 10 to 99 Auto aquisition tracking ECD The definition of ECD is Envelope to Cycle Difference This CYC refers to the distortion of an actual pulse received off the air as compared to the theoretical shape ECD READING DESCRIPTION zm dou _ 51 ERR 17 Tracking on earlier cycle ON ON 16 to 11 Signal distorted might tracking on earlier cycle 10 to 10 Tracking on correct cycle T SP OFF OFF 1l to 16 Signal distorted might he tracking on later cycle 17 lracking on later cycle ON ON Signal too weak to measure OFF ON ECD 60 CLC on screen Calculator 1 Calc from LAT LON to LAT LON FROM LAT Point to point range bear ing FROM LON TO LAT TO LON trom FROM WPT 10 Point to point range bearing TO WPT ID L 3 Calc from LAT LON to TD s LAT LON INIT In
27. WPT ID B LAT LON MNU WPT 4 Enter WPT by present position WPT ID CENT Upon hitting LENI J the ship s present position wili be registered as a waypoint MNU J WPT 5 Enter WPT by range bearing RANGE BEARING WPT ID This mode is useful to register as a waypoint a target which you found on the radar screen target distance readout and relative bearing EBL readout are 3 411 and 135 off your starboard respectively enter 3 4NM as RANGE and 135 plus compass readout as BEARING 4 Path List MNU WPI 6 Enter WPT by time differences WPT ID TD TD2 Calling up the WPT list and erasing WPT Path List MNU WPT 2 Recall erase waypoint WPT ID When WPT ID is entered its latitude and longitude are presented and the machine will request your confirmation on erasing it as shown on the next page 42 3 Arrival zone setting amp route navigation You may set a arrival alarm zone on a waypoint Path List MNU ALM Alarm 1 Arrival or anchor watch alarm 1 Arrival alarm LIMIT range of zone ON or OFF beep When the ship comes within the zone on any waypoint the machine recognizes it and automatically switches both the FROM WPT and the TO WPT Look at Fig 32 At present FROM WPT is O00 own ship and WPT is WPl But they will change as shown below as the Ship moves on the route You
28. after acquisition are equal to 11 and 29 and when the GRI in use is 4990 This is true for both Automatic or Manual selection of GRI SI S2 This manual position offset correction facility should be specified only for areas where automatic ASF corrections are not available At present this machine has correction values built in for the entire U S and Canadian coasts but since correction values are presently not available anywhere else in the world the ASF correc tions outside these areas are absent L L correction Variations in signal propagation velocity can cause constant errors in the computed Lat Long position In geographic areas where auto matic ASF corrections aren t available you may want to enter manual corrections In other cases you may want to further refine the absolute accuracy of L L coordinates to match a particular chart where the Chart nas been drawn using a different datum reference than the WGS 72 datum used by this machine In either of these cases you must first determine the amount CORRECTION TO LAT and CORRECTION TO LON by which you need to shift the L L readings This is done by comparing the displayed L L with the actual L L that you want the unit to read or by using the correction data printed on the chart itself In the first case where you are presently located at a position whose L L coordinates arc accurately known you may compute the difference in L L between what the machine is showing and
29. an RS232C machine by adding the following modification NOTE This modification does not affect any loqical characteristics of data exchange such as serial data formatting protocol etc Only the physical characteristics of the signal is changed from the 20mA current loop to the voltage level which swings between positive and negative voltages Modification 1 Place the display unit on a tabletop upside down 2 Remove the cabinet cover after loosening the four screws as illustrated below x 4765 52 4 4 bx E tuya T TCU u25 51 11 2 3 Find mark U25 by the jumper plug post 52 on the GDC 22P0003 board Solder there the RS232C interface IC 111080 by LINEAR TECHNOLOGY optionally available from Furuno as 0 22 3 We mend you to solder it from the component side of the pcb because the chassis panels must be disassembled to considerable extent to gain access to the soldering side Soldering work should be carried out with the utmost care not to damage neighboring components It is recommended to remove the jumper plugs from post S2 and use a good soldering iron of 204 or so and nigh grade soldering lead It is also important to clean the pins of the IC beforehand 1 kkkkikkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk kkkkkkkkkkk APPENDIX D LP 1000 S COMMUNICATION DATA FORMAT gt x
30. assigning appropriate waypoints as FROM WPT and TO WPT and set your intended buffer lane width by entering LIMIT The alarm will be triggered when the ship breaches the buffer lane 5 Path List MNU ALM 4 Wake up alarm TIME ON or OFF beep This is an on screen alarm clock Interpreting visual alarms When the above mentioned alarms are triggered the corresponding visual alarm appears blinking on the second line The visual alarm can not be turned off by CLR unlike the audible alarm It will keep blinking until its cause is removed 08124187 _ If the anchor watch alarm 09 18 34 BDR ARV XTE is turned on appears in place of ARV Fig 39 48 4 Corrections Reloading waypoints Path list MNU 4 Recall WPT data from media FILE ID The waypoints specified by the FILE ID are reloaded CAUTION 1 The existing waypoints in the machine will be replaced with the reloaded ones if necessary save them before hand If new waypoints are loaded during the WAYPOINT ROUTE navigation the mode will automatically change to NAVIGATION OFF state because the waypoints in use are all discarded Erasing file in RAM card Path list 61 Erase data on media FILE ID 1 Automatic ASF U S coasts only You will remember that in tho Elementary Theory Section that we said that this machine has a built in cap
31. can build up inside the cabinet 4 Consideration should be made to provide space for access to the mounting hardware on the side and connectors behind the display unit Also allow at least a foot or so of service loop in the cables to allow the unit to bec pulled forward for servicing or internal adjustment DISPLAY UNIT lt 315 12 4 gt 231 9 1 j 215 9 4 lt 247 9 7 Weight 5 5 kg 12 1 Ibs 10039 Fig l 5 The display uniz can be mounted on either a tabletop bulkhead or overhead Make sure that the selected location is strong enough to support the unit under the conditions of continued vibration shock which will be normally encountered on the boat If necessary appropriate reinforcement measures should be taken in the mounting area 6 The display unit should be mounted apart from equipment s emitting heat Also do not put thing s on the top of the unit Mounting the Display Unit 1 Mark the screw locations by using the bracket as a template As was stated before make sure you allow enough clearance both to get ta the connectors behind the unit and to allow you to gel your hands in on both sides to loosen or tighten the mounting knobs Make sure you leave at least a foot or so of service loop of cables behind the unit so that it can be pulled forward for ser vicing or easy removal of the
32. contents are not volatilized See page 1 AbH 1 As mentioned earlier the memory is factory divided into three partitions If you wish you may divide it into two or six or use the whole area as une parlilion Refer to P 49 1 Course Course Line 900 1800 Event Marks 1524 e When the whole area is used as one partition a long course line 1800 points be presented and many event marks 1524 points may he entered However a course line event marks can not be copied onto another partition You may store them onto a RAM card but the current course line event marks will be erased when the RAM card contents are reloaded NOTE When the configuration division of the memory partition 16 changed the contents in all the partitions are erased APK 3 kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk APPENDIX J 5 SHIP S MOVEMENT AND PICTURE SCROLLING kk deck kk This machine has a large picture area and you can see about 50 of it through the window e g CRT See the following illustration Picture _ NU Area oN ia SA This part is invisible You can see the hatched part through the window e g CRT When the own ship reaches the edge of the window area the window shifts itself not to miss the own ship This operation is done instantly See the illustrations below Edge of the window When the own ship finally reaches t
33. miles whichever is greater Loran C system accuracy is often capable of providing a reliable fix within 30 meters of one s actual position but more typically accuracy of about 100 200 meters is possible throughout the coverage area However system repeatability that is the ability to return to the same spot con Sistently is usuallv on the order of 20 30 meters Quite often it is even better than that Basic Navigation _ The essential idea behind a scheme of positioning on the globe is that any particular point on the earth s surface can be uniquely described by the intersection of two lines Latitude girdling the earth horizontally laterally and Longitude girdling the earth vertically Examine the section of chart shown next page Fig 8 depicting an area off Yokohama Japan One can see the parallels of Latitude running East and West horizontally and the meridians of Longitude running vertically North and South Overprinted on this chart are so called Loran C Lines Of Position or TD s Time Differences as they are more commonly known We ll get into why lt hey are called TD s later suffice it to say for now that a Loran C receiver will give you these numbers and that you can use these numbers to find your position Note that the TD lines run at a variety of angles with respect to the lines running North South or East West They are in fact actually curved lines segments of hyperbolas but this is difficult to se
34. of a lonq line of Furuno developments in the field of naviqation In one remarkably tiny cabinet is virtually all the navigation capabilities most voyagers will ever need while they are within the coverage area of the Loran C navigation system Because the unit is so tiny there may be a tendancy to forget just how Sophisticated this machine really is and perhaps to disregard the fact that no machine can perform its intended function unless it is installed properly The desirability of a professional installation and a thorough checkout cannot be overemphasized word about the organization of this manual it is laid out in as user friendly a manner as possible We realize that a sophisticated instrument such as this with its many many functions can be very intimidating to the first time user It is our intention to guide the user along in the use of the gear as gently and as comfortably as possible in a series of sections that start at a vcry basic level and proceed forward in complexity in a logical manner We would appreciate feedback from you the end user about whether we are achieving our purposes in this manual Thank you for considering and purchasing Furuno equipment Althuugh yuur Loran C receiver is capable of providing very accurate posi tion data no single navigational device should ever be solely relied upon Position information obtained from Loran C should always be double checked against other sources such as radar
35. such case you may erase them from the screen through the above path Using Alarm Function __ There are five conditions that can trigger the alarm The visual alarm is presented on the second line of any screen and a unique beep sound Morse coded is released if the buzzer is turned on in the following paths silence the beep hit CLR The audible alarm is breached even under economy condition 1 Path List MNU ALM 1 Arrival or anchor watch alarm 13 Arrival alarm LIMIT or OFF 2 4 35 Set a circulat arrival zone by entering LIMIT and the alarm will be emitted when the ship approaches within LIMIT from TO 2 Path List MNU ALM 1 Arrival or anchor watch alarm 21 Anchor watch alarm LIMIT ON or OFF beep 46 MORE ABOUT LP 1000 Storing Recalling Ship s Course Line As mentioned on page 40 the oldest end of the ship s course line disappears as the ship moves on the sea and as a result only a limited length of course line can remain on the plotter screen This is because a course line consists of a number of points and the memory capacity to store those locations is limited 1 800 points If the plotting interval is 5 minutes for example 150 hours 5min x 1800 pts 60min course line can be presented If you do not need such a long course line you may split the memory into several
36. u PL un PP 0686 THD NIVHO HIHON J9 NVHOT APA 3 3 Magnetic variation 1 Auto 2 Manual cessas s rene bus ra MAGNETIC VARIATION 41 Smoothing Qo DE wet x ES EE RU SMOOTHING INDEX LS Notch cedente FILTER 1 Auto ej Manual FREQUENCY F3 Off 64 H2Y38 2 13300 L1NYN 2 53 35 96 WN HNS 400407 4 02 96 11 0966 esn 21 25 09 FS Cpr tee esn 98 66 EZ PSN 65 9 ne 66711 0966 2957 000 Sesn 000 6 000 GZ esn 000411 AXIO 3Wbl ATIC NUR 031vWoinv gOLINOW HOLINOW DNILLIWSNYHI QN3931 06 NN 12 z NOS 0966 HD NIVHO SA ISY3HIHON H2V38 H3Lidnf 311IAOQNOWA VH 311A39NYHD 2 94 AMontew 1 4 UNE Ei 24042407 CUM K DUNG EEX RT JESN tr 690p9 000 65 2 2 sn 9 0t it 2 sn 000 r A g ogg c OEZ x 2esn gn 6i9 p Sesn 000 11 iM AV13Q XvW AV13C 509 f 69 11 086 GJLVWOLNY HOLINOH ONILLIWSNYHI M06 QN3931 086
37. unit must be serviced The following table lists the numerical values for DEV READING DESCRIPTION NG ERR P to 99 i Normal acquisition OFF tracking attainable Less than 99 or It may not acquire signals or ON more than 99 even once acquired might lose tracking easily TRK 11 modern receivers track on the fourth Cycle of the pulse The Signal amplitude at tnis point is not terribly nigh so in weak areas the receiver might become confused and lock onto the fifth rather than the fourth cycle since the fifth cycle is stronger If this occurs on the Master signal alone the slave Signals will be 10 microseconds lower and the position data TD s obtained will be in error by as much as 3 59 In accordance with the type of the external device select a data format for each port If an external position fixing equipment is used do not forget to choose it on the plottcr screen See page 28 Note the device type indication blinks at the top right corner of the plotter screen it means that nav data is not being fed to Port 1 Conducting Self test Path list INIT 6 Self test When the above operation is conducted the machine will request your confirmation as shown below 08 2518 10 16 SELF TEST YES ENT NO J P A MONS EPLT 5 Fig 41 WPT PLT OPT ALM CLC INIT ASF Hit ENT for self test or hit gt
38. what you know to be the actual coordinates Then you would enter the dif ferential values as manual L L corrections The second case is where you want to match up your L L coordinates with that of a chart printed using a different datum reference This machine calculates Lalitude Longitude coordinates according to the WGS 72 World Geodetic System 1972 datum model Many older charts are drawn using other datum models for example Clarke 52 Y slave which would otherwise be chosen to cross with the X TD s The W signal thus might be weaker and thus less reliable than the Y signal even with the Jess desirable gradient characteristics of the Y station However stations sometimes will go off the air for scheduled main tenance or because of a problem At these times it may be necessary to choose manually another slave station in spite of the fact that it may show less than optimum geometry or signal strength in your area Angle of crossing In an ideal Loran C world all TD s would cross at an angle of 90 degrees Unfortunately we don t live in such a world so we must con sider the angle of crossing that actual TD create The closer the angle of crossing is to a right angle the better the accuracy of posi tioning will be Close examination of Fig 8 shows that the X and the Y TD s cross at a better angle than do the X and the W TD s or the W and Y TD pair and thus are a better choice to use Note that the differences in angles
39. 01 20 50 BONA 9015 195 280 001 5210 192 22 i3TWI QUY 501 021 286 607 2010 100 22 211 386 255 280 207 2212 102 22 rilla ix2 5014 965 108 000 MIDS 83171 201 017 280 001 21C T00 22 1079 ON 3002 108A S Partitions 2 and 3 are used as mentioned below A You may copy from 1 to 2 or 3j B You may overlay 1 current Refer to P 49 2 course line and event marks with 2 or 3 Refer to P 49 3 past j Bed overlay V HD C You may save the cnntents nf D You may reload the contents of a any partition into a RAM RAM card onto any partition card Refer to P 50 2 Refer to P 50 3 You may see the reloaded contents as mentioned in B APK 2 kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk APPENDIX L ERASING ALL EVENT MARKS kkkkkkkkkk kkkkkkkkkk kkkkkk As mentioned on page 28 all the event marks may be erased Follow the path list below MNU PLT 5 Memory partition type amp erase m a s ERASE NO 1 EVENT MARKS APL 1
40. 2 The side of the coupler has a molded channel 50 Lhal it may be mounted directly to a stub mast with the two stainless steel hose clamps pro the installation material See the drawing below vided in 2 9mn 96 inch l ANTENNA HOSE CLAMP WH THORTH FINE y MAST 934 90mm gt 7 25 14 ly ZU PIPE 526 2mm 7 6 1 d d PME The Antenna Coupler init comes with the interconnecting cable already prewired into it from the factory You may however find it necessary to deal with the display end of tho cable since the connector is supplied already wired to the display end The connector may not fit through holes and wireways and it may have to be removed and reinstalled later after the antenna cable has been routed through the boet When a 4m whip antenna option used in fringe reception areas is used its installation should be as in the drawing below Note that the coupler is not designed to withstand the strain of such a whip directly Instead a rounLing plate for the 4m whip must 5e provided with a wire to the antenna coupler from the bottom of the whip FEEDER CC connector 2 74 e FEEDER COUPLING BOLT L0V 1010 M10 SW 505 ANT COUPLER MOUNTING PLATE 230mm 9 x 1 Omm 5 1 WHIP ANTENNA ____ 940 80 7 U BOLT Fig 7 11 ELEMENTARY THEORY The word LORAN is a
41. 9 60 0 19 minutes South and 10 33 seconds East 10 33 60 0 17 minutes East Remember that this machine uses tenths of minutes rather than seconds WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM DATUM ADJUSTMENT To place this chart on WGS 72 Datum all perallels 11 49 seconds Soulh and oll meridians 10 33 seconds corrections Normally you will be using the machine with automatic ASF correc tions so Lhal the L L readout will be a accurate as possible You may however enter your own TD correction factors if you want to do so or if your particular geographic area doesn t have ASF compen sation values available for it Path list ASF 2 Manual TD LL corrections PAGE GRI 101 TD2 CORRECTION TO TDi CORRECTION TO TD2 CORRECTION TO LAT CORRECTION TO LON To register correction values 1 choose one of 10 PAGEs on which you want to write the data 2 specify loran chain GRI TDI 4 TD2 and enter the correction values in time differences NN TO TD1 TD2 or in latitude longitude CORRECTIONS TO 1 AT L NOTE You may make only PAGE for each GRI Magnetic variation The location of the magnetic north pole is a little deviated from the geographical onc This makes a difference between the true and magnetic north direction This difference varies with respect to the observation point on the earth You will find such an inform ation on your sea chart This machine also keeps such data If
42. INOW b NAE YOLINOW DNILLINSNYHUI ISWUPZ X98 noby X4 INN X C L MOOD eut NOU 0468 IHD NIVHO SANVI Sesn ZL eZee 5esn 00492 tx esr 2200 __ 9esn AVI3C 30 NI W APA 6 Fig B 2 4 Set the jumper plugs on post S2 on the GDC board 22P0003 and carry out wiring as instructed below Case 1 EXT NAV port RS 232C OUTPUT port CURRENT LOOP plug ON off ON off off ON i plug i ONI LP 1000 Ext machine EXT NAV RS 232C ED DIR 6 6 DSR GNI 105 eere GND FPST 7 GND 8 2 EXT NAV port CURRENT LOOP OUTPUT port RS232C DA yg n snos ste plug off ON off ON ON off plug LP 1000 Ext machine OUTPUT RS232C 2 RD DSR 8 20 DIR GND 10 OPST 13 GND 14 Case 3 EXT NAV OUTPUT ports RS232C 3 4 46 plug OV ON ON off ON off LP 1000 Ext machine EXT NAV RS232C RXD 4 2 6 6 DSR GND 10 7 GND EPST 7 GND 8 APB 2 IHSYS3D A nr X OCQO1V3 30H M ONVHOd 9555 WN v pue UNS thong 0 ohh 2951 2171616 oesn 968 26 9 296 07 AVI
43. LE A7 ARRIVAL 1 10000 OFF 7 CHANGE SCALE UNIT NM 1 X RANGE 8 DISPLAY LAT LON LINE ON J CHOOSE MENU lt Prompt line WPT PLT OPT ALM CLC INIT ASF Main menu line Fig 22 Look at the main menu on the bottom line Abbreviations of the seven sub menus are presented there and only PLT is lit since sub menu PLT is now on the screen Such a main menu line appears on every sub menu screen PLT OPT ALM CLC INIT ASF When the main menu is presented on the bottom line as shown above you may call one of the sub menus by hitting or Hittings of MNU also select a sub menu WPT Waypoint PLT Plotter functions OPT Options card ALM Alarm CLC On screen calculator INIT Initial operation ASF Additional Secondary Factor various corrections etc In this excercise operation we will enter a plot interval Call PLOTTER FUNCTION screen by hitting lt or gt if a different Sub menu is presented Notice that you are requested to choose one of the on menu items and enter its item on the prompt line The keys which serve to choose an item are indicated on the top line 44 BACKWARD FORWARD When the above indication is presented on the top line you may choose one of the on menu items by hitting or 4 and then ENT 3l Item choice by numeric keys Instead of hitting or you may directly i
44. MNU WPT 1 Select WP for navigalion 1 Wavpoint navigation FROM WPT ID WPT 10 Enter 000 as FROM WPT ID origin and the present ship s position is registered as FROM WPT Enter the destination waypoint as TO WPT ID and you will find a track line running between the two points Bearing of TU WPI or ship s neading direction Distance or time to qo to 6 WPT Track line between FROM WPT and TO WPT uu FROM Steering instruction Cross track error Fige 30 Now may navigate to WPI by following the track line data necessary to follow the track are available on the screen Immediately after entering O00 as FROM WPT the cross track error is zerc However as you leave WPT 000 and the chip s course deviates non zero value will be indicated along with steerin instruction See the figure helow GUIT 19 E Q REIS Fig 28 Enter any 3 digit alphanumeric ID code and the cursor position will be registered as a waypoint No event mark appears on the screen in this case LENT If you want to escape hit EYT again instead nf NOTE If the above mentioned operations are done with the cursor erased a waypoint is entered on the ship s present position Entry through menu screen You may register a waypoint in the following four ways 1 Path List 2 Path List 3 Path List MNU WPT 3 Enter WPT by lat on
45. NOW 9 102 SNILLIWSNVu 1 7 NIVHD VIS J NVHOT aora x DOSIIONY 2 WnoNYS NM DNLILIWSNYMA QN3011 SP9 PHON ISIN HPT 58 Ssunooy i 4 NN X b S L Qiu MoO MDE G 0966 NIVH2 DIONVW 139i S s 80 689 ce 000 X O NVHOT AWISC APA 7 1HD 1HOHV3E A G31vWOL1nv HOLINOW X HOLINOW 304039 SNLLLIWSNVHI NOTIVi W QN3931 iSWMPZ X96 X4 WN X 0 Mel 96 NSE NO OS TV 066S NIYO 15VOO 1528 NVIONVO 35N 3 LON 780 N 0565 IHS SN g vc6 Cp 5 000 Ov 15702 581 62 esn 000 4Z x c ANE NVHOT ANI BAHL 3W AOH vH 1404 324035 1vOHS JAYI X98 Annoy S l MMR ON 92 666 lt poo ty 2 sn 2 68 Or 5 000 iz 25esn Z L99 cl 2 5 500 EL AVI30 3Wil A i30 NIVHO 15709 153 7 1A X z x CALVWOLNVY HOLINON YOLINON DNILLINSNVEL 0 GN3D31 Mel 921 66 N S
46. ONAL MEMORY CARD 1 RAM Card backed up for 3 years by lithium battery Memory capacity Duplicates the built in RAM chip 1800 courseline points and 1524 event points May be divided into 2 3 or 6 blocks POWER SUPPLY 11 40 VDC 19 W approx 12 W approx in economy mode 110 220 VAC 50 60 Hz 26 VA approx with optional rectifier PR 62 OPTIONAL 1 4 0M Antenna 0 04 1 000 041 157 2 6M Antenna 0454176 000 112 845 2 Rectifier PR 62 000 013 485 220 Rectifier PR 62 000 013 486 3 RAM Card 0P22 5 004 027 220 4 RS232C Interface LT1080 0 22 3 004 026 790 5 Connector Kit for connection to external equiment 22 1 004 026 760 for Port OUTPUT 0 22 2 004 026 770 for Port EXT EUN I ANTENNA UNIT aaa y 1 LA LM Video Plotter 1 speed Couse 7 1 GD 170 171 180 NAV Receiver ci 7 DISPLAY UNIT 60 2000 2200 Nav FSN 50 70 1 GP 300 Speed Coure Receiver FSN 50 70 tee ia ee J A NAV Pilot FAP 50 Printer CNMLA 01832 70 Video T 3 SATNAV 1 NMEA 0183 1 GPS 1 LORAN C 14 ID Speed Course Sounders or 1 I 1 1 1 1 QUiPuT or GP 300 Auto I 1 1 I A ID Wapo 1 Scanning Sonars Speed
47. Radio navigation systems such as Loran C are often referred to as hyperbolic navigation systems for this reason If the master and its associated slaves were all to transmit simultaneously on the same frequency the receiver would not be able Lo distinguish which station it was listening to in the resulting uproar The stations there fore are arranged to transmit in a specific sequence of pulses with very precisely defined time delays between the transmissions So for our Simple case above where the LOP is in the middle of the baseline the time difference is no longer zero but is some specific value of The receiver s job is to use the sLart of reception of the master signal as a reference time to start its interna stopwatch When the start of the slave signal is detected the receiver in essence stops its internal stop watch notes the time difference and displays it to the opcrator as a TD In order to determine where one is located on any particular Line of Position another LOP is needed to intersect the first one The Loran C receiver thus musl track more than one slave at the same time Most modern receivers are capable of tracking all slaves available in the chain simul taneously The interval of time between the start of the master transmission the series of slave transmissions and the next master transmission that repeats the whole sequence is called the Group Repetition Interval or Each Loran C chain in the wo
48. SO 3Wll 1 3WIL ICGELYNOLNY LOLINOW ONLLLIWSNYHI 3202 5 L a Woe Wee NE 0 55 IHD NIVH2 NOM OGNVWWODS 2esn zp 666 PS Desn ge ope Ge pesn 96 iS 00029 tA Sesn 000446 X 2 sn OCCII liigvis3 NnuvavoBHTx 517735 N N 00049 002 62 5 000411 AYO Swill Az gt SWHPZ 56 Senay WN POF SNS CL 9508407 JO xXx Q31vA4Oinv HOLINOW HOLINOW ONILLIWSNVHi QNa931 56 3 0 086 189 NIVHO NY3NVHH11IO3IA O NVHOT APA 8 kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkxkk kkkkkk APPENDIX C STANDARD AND FURUNO S CURRENT LOOP SYSTEMS KEK KK KKK kc lc KKK KKK KKK KKK KAKI KKK RIKER KEK KEK KKK KK kok Kk 20 Current loop System with NEGATIVE Logic is employed in this machine NMEA 0180 0183 vs Standard Current loop In the standard current loop system cut off and current loop conditions correspond to logical 7FRO and ONF respectively Imagine that such system is interfaced with NMEA 0180 0183 in which ZERO and ONE are specified as HIGH and LOW voltage conditions respectively NMEA 0180 0183 Standard Current loop O HIGH voltage O cut off 1 LOW voltage
49. WARD SELECTION When the above indication is presented on the top line you may choose an on menu item by hitting y or numeric key and then ENT If 4 is hit the pre presented screen will be restored i e you will be taken back to the preceeding point in the menu tree ENT amp CLR As you hit or a numeric key a numeral will appear on the prompt line But note that it is not really entered till ENT 1s hit and you may cancel the numeral by hitting CLR If ENT is hit without hitting any alphanumeric key the existing datum function do not change but the prompt line will change to the next item You may omit an entry item by hitting ENT only If any data is presented on the prompt line before you hit keys you may enter the presented data by hitting ENT only If you want to change the data clear it by CLR and enter a new data When item choice operation is conducted in the above mentioned manner you will arrive at one of the ends bottoms of the menu tree where you can enter data The following is the example of the data entry screen which Shows up after the following item choice Sequence MNU PLT Plotter functions 3 Plot interval preset These were done in the preceeding 2 No 2 interval steps 1 by time 2 TIME Path List In order to call a data entry screen and enter data there a series of item choice operations are required Description
50. ability of using TD off sets to compensate for warpage of the TD grid occurring due to ASF Additional Secondary Factors caused by propagation of the Loran signals over part land part sea paths This automatic ASF compen sation will yield better accuracy of the calculated Latitude Longitude than will the raw calculation using uncompensated TD numbers When this machine is first used after the memory has been cleared the default setting for automatic ASF compensation is off For most operations using latitude longitude it is desirable to have the automatic compensation engaged all the time Only when TD num bers perhaps from a fishing buddy or your own ald records from another Loran C receiver are used will it be necessary Lu disable automatic ASF compensation This machine contains a built in table of ASF compensation values for geographic areas where these warpages have been measured by the U S and Canadian Coast Guards but other areas of the world have not been measured as of this time If your boat operates near the 0 5 activate the automatic ASF compensation through Lhe following path Path list MNU ASF 1 Auto ASF ON When auto ASF is turned on you will see ASF indication on the second line of any screen 51 Choose PARTITION 1 PARTITION 1 is superimposed on itself i e only PARTITION 1 is presented Using RAM Card You may save waypoints and memory partition contents course line
51. asp the general situation occasionally Pages SSS and are alternately projected on the CRT by hitting 49 Fig 19 26 The plotter screen will be the most often used mode and the following operations may be conducted here 1 Turning on off the cursor presentation P 2 Changing the chart scale If these keys are depressed with the cursor presenteds on the screen 1 the cursor pointed location LAT LON becomes the screen center and ii the chart expands shrinks If the keys are depressed without the cursor i own ship s L L becomes the screen center and ii the chart expands shrinks 3 Shifting the cursor or chart 7 v 1 Ez x amp CTR scrolling Chart When the cursor is absent from the screen depression of an arrow key scrolls the chart on the screen When the chart stops shifting and beep is repeated release the key and depress it again The chart will be scrolled further For the automatic scrolling due to the ship s movement see page APJ 1 If LCTR is hit with the Cursor presented on the screen the LAT LUNG of the cursor becomes the screen center The cursor itself remains at the same position on the screen If CTR is hit without Lhe cursor presented the own ship position becomes the screen center 4 Putting event mark or waypoint on the ship s position or cursor position LEVT Event mark amp wayp
52. ay not be satisfac tory presence of stays and other metallic rigging can cause the reception pattern to be somewhat more favorable in certain directions instead of being omnidirectional like it should be Obviously it i a real nuisance to have to point the boat in a particular direction in order to find out where you are There are many sailboat installations where an insulated stay works adequately but a separate whip antenna up in the clear 15 still preferable Antenna siting is not all science but neither is it all black magic either To determine the best location on your own boat it is suggested that you temporarily mount the antenna in a likely location and try it oul Later on page 36 the recommended test method will be given to determine if the installation site is OK BAD PLACEMENT shrouded by stays Fig 5 Typical Antenna Placement 10 The Antenna Coupler uses a standard 96 inch fiberglass marine CB whip which is screwed into the top fitting NOTE so called loaded whips which arc much shorter than 96 inches are not suitable as a whip for the LP 1000 The body of the Antenna Coupler can be mounted in two ways pler is designed to accept a threaded extension mast recommended height no longer than about 5 feet to prevent undue flexing of the mast in heavy winds The thread should be 1 inch diameter with a pitch of 14 threads per inch 1 bottom of the cou
53. chine will then prompt you to enter an ID identification code on the bottom line as shuwn below 4 Plotting Erasing Ship s Course Line _ Plotting ship s course line 1 Path List MNU PLT 3 Plot interval preset DATA 1 5 1 By time TIME La By distance iacere Eee DISTANCE Up to 5 intervals may be registered by time or by distance through the above path and you may switch the interval among the fiva through the plotter screen Path List PLT CSFT SFT Light a plot interval indication CUS AYI Choose an interval among five CLR Return to the normal character presentation If a longer plot interval is used the ship s course will appear as succession of straight line segments when the chart is expanded Thus for precise course plotting a shorter plotting interval is preferable The trade off of a short plot interval is that the course line disappears from its oldest end quickly resulting in Shorter course line presentation on the screen Refer to page 49 Generally speaking 5 minutes inte 1 pei sea navigation and 5 to 10 seconds interval may be necessary for precision close in work rval should be suitable for open Smoothing The signal strength of Loran C wave changes every moment depending on the condition of the propagation path and this introduces a small error into position fixing operation If your boat is moored in th
54. connectors 2 Drill four pilot holes for the bracket 3 Install the bracket by using the screws supplied 4 Fit knobs rubber washer and knob washers to the display unit 9 Install the display unit in the bracket Tighten the knobs securely Fix the bracket in the Fit knobs and washers Install display unit planned position to display unit onto the bracket Rubber washer Knob washer Knob washer Rubber washer Fig 2 Cable connections to the LP 1000 display unit are made at the connectors located at the rear of the unit The following illustration shows the cable connections gt _ EXTERNAL 1 NAVIGATOR lack lt Ship s bonding system metaliic tanks engine block Throuqh hull metal fittings etc Fig 3 Power Connection Ship s power lines are notorious for being dirty electrically The voltage can go all over the place as various heavy loads are placed on the Tine and the power wiring is prime source for interfering electrical signals from such sources as alternators or generators and other electronics equipment like radars or echosounders The LP 1000 is a very forgiving machine since 1t has a built in univer sal D C power supply that can take input voltages from 11 to 40 V D C However a piece of gear of this quality deserves to have a c
55. d line MAGV blinks when the ship goes outside of the coverage of the built in curreclion Lable For the TRUE BEARING INDICATIONS relative to the geographical north choose Manual mode and enter zero value as MAGNFTIC VARIATION So far you have heen using your machine on one Loran C chain and have been using the pair of slave stations selected automatically for you by the machine many geographic areas however there may be more than one pair of slave stations available The most important factors to consider when selecting slaves manually are 1 TD Gradients 2 Angle of Crossing 3 Baseline Extension and 4 Signal Strength The operator should choosc thc best com bination of TD s taking into account all of these factors to obtain the best accuracy when operating the machine manually The values for GRI and the slave station selection chosen automatically by the machine are derived from considerations of station geometry and signal strength for each geographic area are going to have to look again briefly at some basic Loran C theory to give you some insight into how these con siderations were derived gradients Take a look again at Fig 8 on page 13 where a section of chart was given showing an area off Yokohama Japan determined that for the island of Mikura Jima there were three LOP s TD s that al crossed at its Southwestern corner the 9970 X 36800 9970 Y 60600 and 9970 W 17750
56. drops from 90 to 60 or lower you have a definite inter ference problem that a qualified electronics technician is going to have to fix before you can obtain proper Loran C performance Your written record of SNR values will be helpful to him If you are quite fortunate you will find that no other piece of electro nics on board your boal interferes badly wilh your new Loran C Assuming that your Tuck is with you and that this is indeed the case let s qo on to test a device that in at least 90 percent of Loran C installations does cause an interference problem the alternator There are several technical reasons why alternators seem to be antago nistic toward Loran C receivers but going into the why s and where fore s isn L as important as figuring out how to cure the little beast of this nasty habit Start your engine and increase engine speed until your charging ammeter goes upscale You will probably now notice that the SNR indicatinn nf your laran C begins to plummet Not all alternators respond to interference removal techniques in the same manner Some alternators it is sad to say cannot be suppressed at all and these must be replaced or rebuilt it you wish to have useable Loran C operation Don t blame the Loran C receiver It is sensitive instrument and is simply responding to the noise broadcast hy the alternator The first step to take when alternator noise is discovered is to try a large electrolytic capacitor mounted
57. e presented on the plotter screen as shown below t Bearing of WPT or 45 3NM FR ship s heading direction N Range or Lime Lo go to TO WPT Cruss Lrack error Route id Fig 32 44 Fig 36 This is the reverse of the above mentioned arrival alarm the alarm is triggered when the ship goes out of the preset zone If you want to register the position of the ship s anchor as the TO WPT i register the ship s position as a waypoint through the following path and ii register this waypoint as TO WPT Path List MNU WPT 4 Enter WPT by present position 10 ENT 3 Path List LMNUj ALM 2 Cross track error alarm LIMIT ee or FROM ume TO WPT 5 LIMIT Fig 37 Set your intended lateral lane width by entering LIMIT and the alarm will be triggered when the ship deviates from the lane Refer to page 4 4 Path List ALM 3 Border alarm LIMIT ON or OFF beep SHIP e IMIT M WPT ey ROM WP 4 Erasing a route Path List MNU WPT 8 Erase route ROUTE ID Enter the route ID which you want to delete from registration Erasing Track Tine Waypoint Marks Path List MNU WPT 1 Select WP for navigation 3 turn off navigation In daily short range navigation you will not use any waypoint In
58. e been cleared Turn on the machine and set up various parameters newly through the following steps Path List INIT 1 Initial LAT amp LON setting LAT LON Enter estimated ship s position allowance 21 The position registered here is referred to by the machine at the first time position fixing after power on As this data is replaced by loran fix automatically you may neglect this operation from the second time turn on If your boat has moved more than 60 with the machine totally turned off excluding economy mode this operation is must Path List INIT 2 GRI amp TD1 TO2 setting MEME GRI You need not enter TD1 nor TD if you just select Auto mode The best master slave combination for position fixing differs with respect to sea areas When Auto is selected here the machine will search for the best one for the above entered LAT LON coordinates the best conbination is found the machine locks on it until the combination is changed manually or the machine is turned off So long 85 Auto 15 selected this sequence is initiated automatically at every turn on of the machine 35 24 87 A RACKWARD 9 SELECTION 10 30 21 PLOT INTERVAL PRESET x 9 50 NM E RANCE FROM 5 SEC TO GO MIN AVAILABLE FOR TIME PRESET THE DATA LESS THAN MIN IS LTIPLE OF 5 SECONDS NO 2 SELECTED Cl MIN __ SEC wet
59. e harbor you may observe this error clearly keep watch on the ships heading HDG and speed SPD indications ou the screen and you will find the readouts changing quickly NOTE Under unfavorable receiving condition ex on the border of Loran c coverage etc not only HDG SPD readouts but also the ship s course plotting appears at random when the chart is expanded Be aware that HDG and SPD are calculated from change in ship s position and that the position change in this particular case is purely caused hy the fluctuation of Loran fix since the boat itself is stationary A solution for this problem is to add smoothing averaging process to the raw position data whicn were fixed by the built in Loran receiver Enter a larger index number through the following path and examine that the situation is improved 40 08 24 87 A BACKWARD V SELECTION 11 05 47 RECALL amp ERASE WAYPOINT lt 12 PIG x x DOG xxx xxx X Kx WO WC xx HH xxx x xx KEK KEE KE xxx X HHH xXx xxx HEE 171 KEY CHANGES WPT list may be presented WPT ID over two pages Hit 47 WPT ID WO ERASE 2 YES ENT J 20182 PLT OPT ALM CLC INIT ASF Fig 29 Hit LENT to erase the waypoint or hit CLR to escape Path List
60. e on this small section 12 0 90 _ 60 V 358 0 V Pe 819970 0 36000 VE 6200 7 i b 7 o SHIN 2477 36 Q E 26400 5 X r e SHIMA 7 i 36600 MIYAKE JIMA 267407 lt lt ADSL UB _ N36800 4 N MIKBRA JIMA 79 E 681 9970 X __ 30 37000 9 IN N Q a 2 2 v Fig 8 13 Loran C Chart off Yokohama 180 N oo A SA of chart These lines are labeled with numbers in units of microse conds on the outer edges of the chart spacing between adjacent TD s will vary depending on thc scale of the chart as well as the section uf geography being covered Don t worry about these details just yet but note that in this particular example the spacing between adjacent TD s is either 100 or 200 microseconds Just note that for any one position on the chart that is at any one par ticular Latitude and Longitude there is at least one pair of Loran C TD s that cross each other There may in fact be more than one pair ot ID s that cross each other at our one point of interest Some of them may give you better accuracy than others Again we ll delve into that in more detail later 5 an example let s find a point on the chart and compare the posit
61. esentation 56 Changing Chart Scale Indication Mode PIPIHI 5A Changing Chart Scale at Arrival Automatically 56 ay u Pe 56 Setting Notch Filters Manually eliminating interference 57 Selectinu Communication Data Format TD a S 5 COGdueting OTHERS se 158 SIG ERR Indication and Loran Signal Status 59 MENU HE USTs OE Ps LOOO anp SEC ee 51 Loran C Chains in the World and Recommended TD Pairs 1 Modification for RS232C Interfacing APB 1 Standard and Furuno s Current Loop Systems LP 1000 s Communication Data Format NMEA 0193 APD 1 Changing Tracking Speed Sawar ne a 1 Schematic Diagram EE e MERC RES 1 to recover fron ERROR 9 a q ne 9 9 APQ How ro replace the back up battery AbH 1 How to replace the ROM chips Ship s movement and picture scrolling ve sc sh Handling Memory Patitions
62. event marks onto a RAM card and reload them on the machine 1 Insert a RAM card into the memory card drive If the card is unused you must initialize it through the following path Path list MNU OPT 7 Initialize media CAUTION If a used card is initialized all the contents will be erased Path list MNU OPT 3 Store data into media PARTITION FILE ID MEMO When the above operation is conducted the contents of the PARTITION are transferred into the card along with the MEMO your comments and the FILE ID label 16 attached Saving waypoints Path list MNU OPT 5 Store WPT data into media FILE ID MEMO Reloading ship s course line event marks Path list OPT 2 Recall data from media FILE ID PARTITION When the above operation is conducted the course line event mark data specified by the FILE ID is loaded on the PARTITION CAUTION The partition will be overwritten If necessary save the contents beforehand You may superimpose the reloaded course line event marks on the screen by the step 3 mentioned in the preceeding section 1866 1800 or Bessel 1841 The position calculated by this machine may not be the same as the expected position on these older types of charts For example reprinted below is a comment found on an older U S DMA chart this chart it is necessary to add corrections of 11 49 seconds South 11 4
63. f tenths of millionths of seconds INDIVIDUAL p TD Time Difference 14 simple Loran C system is shown in Fig 9 consisting of a master transmitting station and two slave stations This is the simplest con figuration used In practice most of the chains in the world consist of three or four slave stations associated with cach master Note Lhat the lines drawn connecting the master and each of the two slaves are known as baselines To illustrate the basic idea behind the Loran C system Jet us take a simple case where the boat with the Loran C receiver is located on one of the baselines and is in the middle between the master and the slave If the transmitters were both to transmit simultaneously the time taken for the signals from the master transmitter to arrive will be the same as that for tne signals from the slave to arrive In other words the difference in arrival time will be zero If the boat is moved so that the time difference of signal arrival from master and slave is kept constant at zero then the plot of these movements will be straight line halfway between the slave and the master stations This line will be perpendicular to the baseline line of constant time difference is known as a Line of Position LOP for short Other LUP s can be generated for conditions where the time difference isn t exactly zero and these LO P s will form hype bolas rather than the straight line in our simple case
64. for either loran C NNSS satnav Decca or GPS Port 2 OUTPUT Input And utput Port Usually an autopilot or color video sounder is connected to this port The data format is FURUNO CIF NMEA 0183 or NMEA 0180 cross track error output 57 Enter any L L and it will be converted into pair of TD s on the Screen Path list MNU CEC 3 Calc from LAT LON to TD s LAT amp LON NOTE TD s are computed based on the GRI in use Turning on off LAT LON Grid Presentation Path fist LMNU PLT 8 Display LAT LON line ON or OFF Changing Chart Scale Indication Mode 1 LILILI OCI NM In the default condition the chart scale 1 2 000 1 5 000 000 is presented on the top of the plotter screen If you wish you may display there the mileage 0 14NM 385NM measured across the screen horizontally Path list MNU PLT 7 Change scale mode NOTL Both the scale and mileage indications are for reference only They are not intended for strict use Changing Chart Scale at Arrival Automatically When your boat nears a TO WPT it may be nelptul to observe ship s movement on the expanded chart screen If you preset the desired chart scale and turn the function on through the followinh path the machine will da it for you when the ship goes into the arrival zone For arrival zone setting see page 46 Path list MNU PLT 6 Scale at arrival One min
65. gation The trade off of the smoothing process is that sudden change of ship s course speed delay to appear on the screen So you will be obliged to make a compromise between smooth indication and quick response In general an index of 2 or below will be practical for most people WI EU a Du CEDE 3 ASF additional secondary fractor U 5 and Canadian coasts only When wave propagates over a land mass its speed slightly changes and it can cause an error in position fixing This kind of data have been collected by the U S and Canadian Coast Guards and this machine contains in itself the correction table If your boat navigates near the U S or Canadian coast enable the automa tic ASF correction through the following path Path d ON You will now see ASF indication on the upper part of the plotter screen When the boat goes out of the area covered by the carrertian table the indication will blink to inform you Lhal the correction is not applied any more Erasing ship s course line Path List MNU PLT 5 Memory partition type amp erase ERASF 1 COURSE LINE Ship s course line is cleared by entering PARTITION 1 You may enter up to 99 waypoints through the pluller or menu screen Entry through the plotter screen 1 Hit to turn on the cursor presentation 2 move the cursor to your intended position with the arrow Keys and 3 hit EVT The ma
66. gn is that the loran signal is received with unfavorable condition and the ship s position currently indicated may be unreliable Deatiled description is given on page 59 The external navaid can also cause this message provided that position data is fed with Furuno CIF format the other hand RCV ERR appears when this machine is used as a plotter for an external navigator but position data is not coming in XTE Cross track error a voyage between FROM WPT and WPT a straight line drawn hetween the two points is known as a track It could just as well be termed the intended track because although it is the user s intention to follow this course faithfully in reality he never can do so perfectly due to wind current etc 24 The amount which the boat is thrown off the intended track is termed the cross track error and is presented on the lower part of the Screen along with the wheel steering instruction Ex 1 WPT lt lt lt Steering instruction Ship Steer left F i 23NM 1 23R x Ship is deviated to FROM Wei Right by 1 23 NM track c Y wp 2 T RON gt gt e Steering instruction Steer right 0 32L Ship is deviated to eft bv 0 32 NM wer Fig 16 AS detailed on page 47 you may set a safety lane on both sides of the intended course And the number Of
67. he edge of the picture area the machine re paints the entire picture with the own ship and the window positioned at the center part of the picture area See the following illustrations After a short While Lo Edge of the picture area Remember that this machine is provided with two pages of such picture areas If you assign different chart scales to both pages picture re painting takes place alternately between page 1 and 2 resulting that you may observe the ship s course on either page l or 2 without interruption APJ 1 900 91593 TVOINVHO3IN 0021 99 00012 47 019 29 0 00 oe GEORGI TICS ALPE 1 0001 67 088 920 200 01100 2244 ASSY 13552958 068 925 700 02105 27243 ASSY 2706 SONY TETY OETY 00E 280 001 4110 100 22 raganu 521 8110 100 221 eva 028 280 601 6110 100 22 evo 2219 156 8 1 COO 6102522 01934402 2219 98 1T11 000 801235469 1219 991 501 000 Ends u3cioH 3513 021 DeL z20 v00 3000222 Do 085 520 500 9002622 Qsvog 59 rity 52 011 000 100 218 133205 0 ETIV 986 920 700 209 teo0d22 6 15 71541 wv 8 OC cIIv 578 111 000 9000522 ASS 0 9084342 TITY 076 510 001 9
68. ion both by Latitude Longitude and by Loran C T s At a Latitude of 33 degrees 52 minutes North and a Longitude of 139 degrees 35 minutes Fast you should find the Southeast corner of Mikura Jima Island This position corresponds to the crossing of the two TD s lines of 36800 microseconds and 60600 microseconds Note that a third TD crosses this position also but that the exact line isn t printed on the chart explicitly it is necessary to interpolate between lines that actually are printed in order to get this TD and by so doing we would come up with a TD of approximately 17750 microseconds Now let s consider in more detail the way Loran C actually works How Loran C works The Loran C system is a pulsed system whose fundamental assumption is that the speed of propagation of a radio wave is constant anywhere in the area of coverage of the system This assumption 15 actually subject to some corrections but we will assume for the sake of this discussion that the speed of a Loran C signal is actually constant Since distance time and speed are all related and since we have assumed that the speed of the signal is constant if we can devise some means to measure the time that it takes for a signal to arrive from a distant transmitter we can easily calculate the distance the signal has travelled to get to us Thank goodness for modern electronics for it provides means for making very precise time measurements down to the order o
69. ircuit breaker dedicated to it alone The size of the wire feeding power to the unit should be no less than AWG 16 gauge 0 75 mm square Ground Connection No less important for proper operation is the ground for the Display Unit On a steel boat a good connection to the hull is sufficient On a wood or fiberglass boat it is best to use a ground plate mounted on the hull exterior if this is not practical the engine block can be used Do not share ground leads that go to other equipment in the console but instead run a separate heavy duty wire for the LP 1000 alone Antenna Cable The antenna cable is delivered with the connectors soldered to both ends But if you find it necessary to remove the antenna connector that goes to the display follow the direclions in the drawing below If you don t know how to solder or if you don t know how to do it well it s best you leave this part to a competent service technician In perhaps 50 percent of installation problems soldering or wrong wiring of the connectors is where the problem lies DO NOT SHORT THE ANTENNA CABLE BNC Connector Assembling a 1 Remove vinyl jacket of 3C2V for clamp washer 1Omm 0 4 2 Slide nut washer packing and Inner conductor packing Li clamp over braid Em 1 1 3 With clamp 1n place comb out braid fold back smoothly and b EMT trim it braid Fig 4 Remove the dielectric leaving 3mm Aum 0 12
70. ist MNU INIT 2 GRI amp TD1 TD2 setting 08 24 87 BACKWARD FORWARD 09 20 31 GRI amp amp TD2 SETTING In this example San e 9940 AUTO Ad GRI 9940 AUTO Francisco 27 and TO 27 40 secondaries are TD 49 selected as the optimum slaves 1 AUTO 2 MANUAL Fig 27 Look in appendix at the back of this book for the chart that describes your geographic area You will note that any particular area has two slave secondaries associated with it that the opti mum choices However most Loran chains have other secundary sla tions available that do not represent optimum choices usually because they are far removed from that area and thus would be rather weak in signal strength In the case of San Francisco example the optimum slave secondaries are the 27 and the 43 Secondaries However there is a third secondary station in the chain the 11 station and it is located in Washington state far from the San Francisco area and hence probably rather weak 37 NOTE 1 Sometimes the best combination which the machine finds may not match the one which is known through experience as the best combination When such a case is encountered or the auto matically selected pair aives unsatisfactory results select the combination manually as instructed on page 54 You may manually select the combination by entering GRI 01 and TD through the above mentioned path too 2 Do not
71. ith several rules of operation This section also presents basic ideas of navigation After having finished this section you will surely feel like sailing nut with your new machine Keyboard Descriptions ME All the operations of this machine except for the screen brilliance are carried out through the keyboard Screen brilliance is adjusted with the knob which is located below the CRT When the knob is turned fully CCW click point the machine operates in the economy mode i e the CRT 1s turned off completely but the internal electronics continue working y T Led AME AE FEE AAR Dimmer Power on off keys Data entry keys Presentation mode keys a Plotter related keys Ne OE Fig 10 17 Hit of any key is followed by a short beep for acknowledgement And when an illegal Key stroke is detected by the machine a low pitched beep is released The following tables brief al the key functions Do not worry if you do not understand some items Detailed explanation of each key function is provided in the later sections Power on off keys PWR OFF Power on procedure When PWR is hit 1 power is applied to the machine 2 a beep is released and 3 the self test is conducted If no fault is detected self test results will be presented as shown
72. itial operation 11 Initial LAT amp LON setting LAT LON 2 GRI amp TD1 TD2 setting Z Sad Ra CRI i TD1 TD2 Manua Sx Aa ay su u eka GRI TOi 102 p Date amp time setting DATE TIME Interface port setting PORT DATA FORMAT 5 Special setting Reserved for future 6 Self test 7 All memories clear 8 Help Key usage ASF Additional Secondary 1 Auto ASF TD correction ON or OFF 2 Manual TD LL corrections PAGE GRI TD1 TD2 CORRECTION TO TDI CORRECTION TO TD2 CORRECTION TO LAT CORRECTION TO LON 53 5 Memory partition type amp erase PARTITION TYPE ERASE NO 1 COURSE LINE ERASE NO 1 EVENT MARKS L6 Scale at arrival SCALE ON or OFF L7 Change scale mode BY SCALE or BY RANGE 8 Display LAT LON IINE ON or OFF Options memory card 1 Recall chart from media FILE ID 2 Recall data from media FILE ID PARTITION 3 Store data into media PARTITION FILE ID 4 Recall data from media FILE ID 5 Store WPT data into media FILE ID MEMO 6 Erase data on media FILE ID 7 Initialize media 8 Chart display ON OFF
73. left and a little later the monitor screen will appear as shown right Now you may start oper ation Self test Screen Monitor Screen 08 24 87 09 15 30 STARTUP STATUS RAM SYSTEM AREA RAM USER AREA ME MORM 5 ROM 1 NO 225 0101 104 ROM NO 225 0101 204 182 99 f t 29 STARTING PLEASE ENTER YALJL FROM 10 30 MICRG SECONDS CORRECT MASTER D MICRO SEC Fig 11 NOTE When MEMORY ERROR is presented on the bottom line of the self test screen and the monitor screen does not show up conduct the operations on page APG 1 end port of this manual Power off procedure To turn off the machine nit OFF while pressing PWR This arrangement prevents unintended turning off of the machine Even when the machine is turned off all the information including the plotting picture and the various data which you entered are kept alive in the machine Therefore you may restart operation with the same dition when the machine is turned on again CAUTION Engine ignition generally causes considerable fluctuation of the supply voltage and may result in operation ot this machine Start the engine with the machine turned off Keyboard dimmer DIM Every hit of this key alternately turns on and off the keyboard back light 18 Data entry keys 01 1 9 Numeric keys These keys serve to input numerals SFT
74. licate do not apply excessive force when inserting a card 20 Label This side is up If the operation which involves memory card 1s done without inserting a card properly NO CARD will be presented on the lower part of the Screen Handling Precaution on Memory Card l To prevent data destruction of the RAM card turn on or off the machine with the card pulled out from the drive 2 Do not leave the card in direct sunlight Do not place it in hot wet or dusty environment Keep it away from electrified material Do not put it in a plastic bag the pocket of a nylon jacket etc Keep the card edge connector clean 3 Do not strike bend nor disassemble the card 4 lithium battery in the RAM card preserves the memory contents for about 4 years To ensure important information will not be lost record on the card the date of purchase and transfer the card contents onto a new card well before the expiration date of the battery To copy card contents load the old card contents onto memory partition and save it onto the new card See page 50 The built in battery can not be replaced Three Presentation Modes Three types of presentations PLOTTER MONITOR and MENU are available with this machine and they may be called on the CRT at any time by hitting PLT and MNU respectively Plotter screen PLT NUIE 1 If this is the first time for your machi
75. ll by themselves These may be very rare occasions when you may wish to notch out an interfering Signal manually To do this you must know the frequency of the inter ference For example there is a very strong military transmitter operating on the frequency of 88 KHz in the mid Atlantic region of the U S This transmitter can cause problems when a vessel comes close to its location near Annapolis Maryland In this case it may be necessary to put two notch filters on the same frequency of 88 KHz in order to knock down the level of this transmitter sufficiently for the receiver to operate properly Path list MNU ASF 5 Notch filters FILTER 2 Manual FREQUENCY Specify FILTER and enter FREQUENCY 88 in this example Usually use the AUTU mode because this mode eliminates interferences more efficiently Selecting Communication Data Format This operation is required only when an external device 15 newly con nected or changed Path list MNU INIT 4 Interface port setting PORT DATA FORMAT This machine is provided with two ports connectors on the rear panel for connections to external devices Port 1 EXT NAV Input Only Port When this machine is operated as a display device without using the built in loran receiver an external position fixing equipment is connected here The data format acceptable is FURUNO CIF or NMEA 0183
76. may visually confirm this transition on the monitor screen as shown in Fig 34 Ship s position FROM WPT WPT 000 WP1 000 WP WP2 WP WP2 WP2 WP3 WP WP3 WP3 WPA WP3 Note that the nav data indicated in the following figures are calculated based on FROM WPT and TO WPT which are switched auto matically Plotter Screen lt Bearing of WPT Range or time to go to WPT 144 1 24 Cross track error Fig 33 Monitor Screen NAV IROUTTID RTI wP2 WP3 f lt Route ID FROM WPT TO WPT i0 7NM Range to TO WPT TTG 44 23M lime to go to TO WPT a 1 lt Bearing of TO WPT Velocity to destination lt Course error Cross track error Fig 34 45 FROM WPT Fig 31 If you wish you may enter a waypoint other than O00 as FROM WPT Route Navigation _ 1 Making a route plan Path List MNU WPT 7 Recall amp specify route ROUTE ID WPT ID S Enter any 3 digit alphanumeric route ID first and then waypoint ID s max 10 points which exist on the route You may register up to 10 routes beforehand and may choose one of them as mentioned below 2 Calling route on the plotter screen Path List MNU WPT 1 Select WP for navigation 2 Route navigation ROUTE ID Lnter the ROUTE ID which you want to see and the route will b
77. n acronym meaning LOng RAnge Navigation The basic principles of Loran were developed during World II and the system implemented during that time was known as the Loran A system The superior Loran C system was developed later during the 1960 s and was put into widespread service during the late 1970 s Loran C is one of several important radionavigation systems in use by mari ners throughout the world today may be thought of as a medium range system since it usually covers out to a maximum of 1200 miles from the transmitting station For very close in precision work portable microwave positioning systems are often employed bv such users as the offshore oil industry and for short range medium accuracy work Decca navigation systems are used in some parts of the world For transoceaniu voyages Satellite Navigation and or Omega receivers are used to provide the sort of coarse accuracy that is suitable on the open sea other words it is rarely necessary to know your position down to the nearest meter when on an ocean voyage provided that you are reasonably certain that you are within the shipping lane and not in any danger of running aground on some nearby atoll The Loran l system was designed and established to provide excellent accuracy in the region known as the Coastal Confluence Zone or CCZ as it is often called This region extends from the shoreline seaward to the 100 fathom curve 50 nautical
78. ne to be operated after installation ship s position may not be fixed even if you turn on the machine But do not be worried This is because a 5 cial operation inilial operation mentioned on page 35 has not been done In this case it might be hetter to Skip this and the next sections and start reading from MENU 8 INTERACTIVE OPERATION page 30 Return to this section again after having finished the initial operation on page 35 Or if you are anxious to know the basic part of this machine soon continue reading 1115 section straightly Note however that several items may not be presented on the screen When you call up the plotter screen the first time after turning on of the machine plotting operation cannot start imme diately ile ownship mark will remain at th Screen center Wait until SIG ERR disappears from the top right corner of the screen and the LAT LON readouts become reasonable These signs indicate that the built in loran receiver has locked on loran signal Now hit PLT again and plotting will start This arrangement prevents the screen from being filled with random plotting marks before the machine starts position fixing Interpreting the plotter screen graphic marks lines 7 Coast line Course linc called from ROM card Fig 13 ROUTE 7 Event mark in use selectable among X Y and A Marks on plotter screen
79. ned off some circuits are kept 1 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 alive by the back up battery Do not touch the circuits unless instructed below Shortcircuit may result in detect of the component or destruction of backed up memory contents After disconnecting the power cable put the machine on the table upside down Loosen the four screws and remove the cabinet cover as illustrated x4 below Measure the battery voltage between the BTH and BTL terminals on the GDC 22P0003 board If the voltage is below 2 5Vdc replace the battery as instructed in the following steps Unless you mind loosing the memory contents you may omit the steps with marks Lithium Battery CR2 3 6 LFIFR5S 2250062 0 000 111 787 Life 3 years approx In order to hold the memory contents during the battery replacing work temporarily connect a dry battery between the BTH and BTL terminals using leads Any Lype battery may be used so long as the voltage is 3 to 5 Vdc Be careful about the polarity Cut jumper on the same pc board Remove the battery fixing metal and replace the existing lithium battery with a new one careful about tne polarity Reconnect jumper Remove the dry battery which was connected in step 4 for tem porary back up Fix the newly connected lithium battery with the fixing metal Turn on the machine and contirm that the memory
80. nput your intended item number on the prompt line by hitting a numerical key this case you need not hit ENT Hit or 4 until your intended on menu item indication 31 PLOT INTERVAL PRESET for example is lit and finally hit ENT 08124 87 A BACKWARD 91 EORWARD 10 27 42 w PLOTTER 5 PARTITION TRACK X FROM PARTITION 1 MIN 10 1 9 NM 81 27 5 5 MEMORY PART HON ERASE 500 5 SCALES AT ARR VAI 1 10006 OFF j CHANGE SCALE MODE RANGE 8 DISPLAY ATH LON L NE CHOOSE 7 ALM Cu Fig 23 C When ENT is hit the preceeding step lower level menu which is related to the chosen item will be displayed 08 24 87 A BACKWARD 7 SELECTION 0 28 32 OX PLOT INTERVAL PRESET X 1 3 50 NM NO 7 11 MIN Five plot intervals NC 16 NM NO 5 MIN NO 5 3C SES YOU MAY gt BINDS LATA TIME OH DISTANCE PREVIOUSLY PLEASE CHOOSE ONE OF THESE ON THE PLOTTER SCREEN BY iSFi amp 0 gt Comments CHOOSE NQ wet PLT OPT ALM INI Fig 24 4 In this example you now stay at the point in the menu tree which 15 pointed to on page 30 and the screen should be Something like above Again choose one of the on menu items by hitting y and ENT A BACK
81. of crossing of the X Y X W and Y W pairs is really not dra matic Sufficiently accurate navigational accuracy for most purposes actually could be obtained by use of any of these pairs of TD s It is merely better to use the more optimum X Y pair It is a general rule of thumb that you should be very wary of using TD pairs that cross at an angle less than 30 degrees This machine will automatically select the preferred GRI as well as the preferred slaves for the desired position without user intervention if the Automatic function is in use howcvcr you may choose to use another GRI and or slaves in your area if available This is done through the following path Path list MNU INIT 2 GRI amp TD1 TD2 setting 2 Manual GRI TDL TD2 Using On screen Calculator _______ 1 Point to point range bearing Specify two points by L L s or by waypoint ID s and the range bearing between the two locations will be presented on the screen Path list MNU CLC 1 Calc from LAT LON to LAT LON FROM LAT LON TO LAT LON Path list MNU CLC 2 Calc from WP to WP FROM WPT ID TO WPT ID L L to TD conversion 55 Path list MNU ASF 3 Magnetic variation 1 Auto 2 Manual MAGNETIC VARIATION When the auto mode is selected or non zero MAGNETIC VARIATION is entered in the manual mode you will see MAGV indication on the secon
82. of the item choice sequence such as the one shown above is referred to as PATH LIST or simply PATH in this manual Item choice operation is conducted by hitting arrow keys or ENT as mentioned before However descriptions of such routine key stro kes are omitted in the path list 33 NAVIGATING WITH 1000 In the preceeding chapter the basics of the LP 1000 were presented Now let s see how it is used in the actual operation If you are using the machine for the first time there are routine works which should be conducted in order This chapter explains those operations stop by step Initial Operation If this is the first time for your machine to be operated after installation you must conduct the following five steps in order and wait for 10 minutes The built in notch filters will acquire and lock on the interfering signals in this period As the built in loran receiver may be tracking the interfering signals turn off and on the machine Now interfering signals are eliminated the natch filters and the loran receiver can lock on the loran signels without fail EVEN IF YOUR MACHINE HAS BEEN INITIALIZED YOU MUST CONDUCT STEP 2 PROVIDED THAT YOUR BOAT HAS MOVED MORE IHAN 60 MILES WITH THE MACHINE TOTALLY TURNED OFF 1 Path List INIT 7 All memories clear With the ALL MEMORY CLEAR screen presented turn off the machine Now all the memory contents hav
83. oint _ Turn on or off the cursor presentation If the cursor is pre sented the following operations will put an event mark or waypoint on the cursor position If not it will be put on the present ship s position 1 Hit EVT and the machine will prompt you to enter an ID identification code on the bottom line of the screen 2 put an event mark just hit ENT without hitting any other key 11 you want to put a waypoint enter alphanumeric ID 2 Erasing event marks To erase an event mark 1 move the cursor onto the intended event mark and 2 hit CLR You may erase all the event marks See P APL 1 Choosing item indications and parameters The following items which are presented at the upper right corner of the screen with marks on Fig 14 may be chosen as instructed below Event mark Course plotting interval You may choose an interval among fivc which were registered beforehand detailed on page 40 Navigator You may choose the Internal Loran or External Navaid One external navaid should be selected beforehand among Ext Loran NNSS satnav Decca and GPS 57 Ship s position in LAT LON or in time differences SPD or BRG or HDG RNG or TTG Procedure 1 Every hit of SFT lights up the character indication item by item Hit CSFT until your intended item lights up If you want tn use a different event mark fo
84. ollowing diagrams Reference Pages 57 Selecting Communication Data Format P APB 1 RS 232C I F 1 20mA Current loop with negative logic P APD 1 0183 Formats 4 FRIAR KI IR RRR IK AKIRA IK IORI ARI AUTOPILOT amp COLOR SOUNDER kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk kkkkkkkkk AUTOPILOTS 0183 LP 1000 30 56 MACHINE Mun berger iram OUTPUT 2 I5ol GRAN 2 NME A XM25 1503 SHF AA TDH X GRN RD H tics 7 amp RD H Y D pul z YEL Pl Lot 8 lt HD L GND b 10 p SND OND 313 1 A GND 2 COLOR SOUNDERS 0 Seres PME MACHINE gt a FMv 602 i LP 1000 NMEA Cable o 2250021 XM2A SO s EE 25 503 5 et f uc H YD C X RD X L ROH 3 1 SS WE 1 T TD H TED emo is SANT IK lt 2 ID C IX OND gt 0 CPST 13 GND gt 14 gt NOTE 1 The driving capability of this port is 20mA and the number of the units connectable to this port varies depending on their input impedances In the worst case where the input impedance is 500 ohm each specified by NMEA 0183 max two units may be parallet driven HIGH level 4V specified by NMEA 183 is en
85. ored Event Marks in the lower half of the 45 1524 points max memory o MOS ota keyboard ener gt DU Waypoints RU TONER RE 99 points max RAM card lt Save Toad gt ena Cms Chart 0 card lead 7 1000 points max The area is divided into three partitions 1 2 3 at the factory Locations fixed by a navaid are stored into partition in succession New event marks are also stored in partition Pies ir e LA UR 7 E E Pog x SX ex ghe ep phu ra uad os N v 4 ee Internal Loran or ppan ud E id i fixed poS ZCourse Line Course Line Course Line xt Navai V a e 600 600 600 7 Partition C Partition Partition im die Lip T Hit of EVT key B enter gt N S JASN E PN Plu tuus lt een a yEvent Mark Event Mark V s s ur 2 5087 70 77 SOR Partition 1 is presented on CRT as Plotter Screen 1 IOI CIO IOI TO IR FOR TOR K KKK K APPENDIX H HOW TO REPLACE BACK UP BATTERY kkk kkk kkk kk k kkk kkk kkk KK kk KC CAUTION Even if the machine is tur
86. partitions and plot a course line on one of them PARTITION 1 trade off for shorter course presentation is that the other partitions PARTITION 2 up are available back up pages you may copy PARTITION 1 present course line there and superimpose it on the screen in future This feature is useful to follow the past course line etc 1 Configuring memnry partitions Path list MNU PLT 5 Memory partition type amp erase PARTITION TYPE The following four configurations are available and you may choose one of them through the above path 300 6 300 points course line on each of 6 partitions 600 3 600 points course line on each of 3 partitions default 900 2 900 points course line on each ot 2 partitions 1800 1 1800 points course plotting on a single partition 2 Storing present coursc linc Path list MNU PLT 1 Store track amp marks into partition PARIIIION Enter the partition number on which you want to copy PARTITION 1 Note Event marks are stored along with the course line 3 Superimposition Path list MNU PLT 2 Recall track amp marks from partition PARTITION Enter the partition number which you want to cal on the screen 4 Ceasing superimposition mode Path list MNU PLT 2 Recall track amp marks from partition PARTITION 1 49 This is the reverse of the above mentioned cross track error alarm First draw the border line by
87. pled below This section shows you the operational concept referring to this sample At this stage it is not necessary Lu understand the meanings of the technical terms presented on the screen Simply learn how to communicate with the machine MNU START is here DATA TO BE ENTERED WPT pur 1 Store track amp marks into partition PARTITION 2 Recall track amp marks from partition PARTITION 3 Plot interval preset DATA by bey TTE TTC BY distance uc aes DISTANCE Display LAT LON grid ON or OFF m OPT r ALM CLC INIT ASF 1 As shown above there are seven sub menus WPT PLT OPT ALM CLC INIT and ASF and the first step af the dialogue is to call your intended sub menu on the screen the plotter or monitor screen is presented hit MNU Now you will see one of the seven sub menus on the screen The following figure shows sub menu PLT 30 2 08 24 87 BACKWARD V FORWARD 10 27 42 X PLOTTER FUNCTIONS X 11 STORE TRACK amp MRKS INTO PARTITION 2 RECALL TRACK amp MRKS FROM PARTITION PLOT INTERVAL PRESET 1 11 NM 1 MIN 10 SEC 0 50 NM 1 00 NM 4 MARK FOR EVENTS lt Item choice keys items 5 MEMORY PARTITION TYPE 8 ERASE Sub menu 600 3 NOW 6 SCA
88. pply artificial respiration according to the Method of Artificial Respiration Do not give up hallway Perseveranee and continual efforts are important in artificial respiration METHOD OF ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION Lay the victim on his back Position PES yourself beside the victim s head and pinch 2 Pup his nose by your thumb and forefinger to prevent air leakage Insert the thumb of your other hand between the victim s teeth and lift his chin up Then place the arm the one closing the victim s nose on the victim s forehead and press the head down so that the victim s head is given a maximum backward tilt with the chin prominent and the neck bent back Seal the victim s mouth with your mouth and blow therein about half of the deeply inhaled air every time After exhaling turn your head to watch for a chest contraction whilst inhaling deeply in readiness for the next blowing Repeat thc movements faster for the first 1 to 2 minutes and 12 times per minute thereafter INTRODUCTION Congratulations on your choice of the Furuno LP 1000 Loran C Plotter are confident that you will enjoy many years of operation with this fine piece of equipment For over 35 years Furuno Electric Company has enjoyed an enviahle reputa tion for quality and reliability throughout the world This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global network of agents and dealers The LP 1000 Loran C Plotter is the culmination
89. r example hit SFT to light the event mark indication on the top line 2 Now you change Lhe item by hitting 49 In this example every hit of 47 will change the event mark among X Y and A 3 After having changed the item hit CLR to return to the normal indications of the item You may omit this step as the inducations become normal automatically in 15 seconds Changing character size The indication of the above mentioned items mark in the same figure may doubled in size by 1 Select an item with SFT in the same manner as above 2 Now you may magnify the item indication by X or return it to the normal size by 3 3 Hit CLR you may omit this step 28 Monitor screen MNT Detailed navigational alpha numeric data are presented as shown below Date amp Time Page ID 08 24187 09 15 53 Ship s position TY 1 LAT LON or TD s is presented j alternately at every hit of 4 ROUTE ID ABC 090 p 100 Route ID FROM WPT RNG 2 98 TTG 24 7 BRG 36 Nav data HDG 58 Spp explained on page 23 CER 22 lt lt 2 65R TMP Water temperature DEP i Water depth With the above screen presented you may put an event mark on the ship s present position by hitting EVT Bear in mind that navigational data are presented o
90. ression of these keys scrolls the chart on the screen EVT Event 19 Hit of this Key puts an eye LONG position You may ai mit park at tae cursor or on the ship s LAT 55 put a waypoint at the cursor position WPT waypoint and Event Marks In navigational terminology a particular location is known as a waypoint whether it be a starting point a destination or an inter mediate point on a voyage You may register up to 99 waypoints in various ways explained on page 41 and may use some of them for navigation As for the event mark it is a reference mark which is put on the chart screen electronically when some event is encountered during navigation Handling Memory Cards optional Flip down the lid and insert the card into the slit gently leaving about an inch of the card end outside of the drive There are twa types af memory cards ROM Read only memory card Usually a coast line is factory recorded and it may be called onto the screen RAM Random access memory card This type of memory card is utilized to save ship s course line event marks and waypoints which were created during operation The contents may be reloaded on the machine The memory card should be inserted into the memory card drive located below the CRT with its jack end facing forward and the notch side down As the memory card receptacle is very de
91. right at the output terminals of the alternator Ihe capacitor must be rated for the nominal output voltage of the alternator plus a 50 safety factor For example if the alternator is a nominal 32 V D C unit you should use a capacitor rated for no less than 32 32 2 or 48 Volts 50 V D C unit should suffice This capacitor should be a computer grade unit that has internal vents in case it should overheat and possibly explode and the capacity of the electrolytic capacitor should be about 10 000 microfarads or so Be careful to observe the polarity of the capacitor Reverse polarity will destroy the capacitor and could damage the charging system as well The positive lead of the capacitor is connected with a short lead less than 4 inches long to the Output terminal of the alternator using a large crimp lug to go under the terminal in parallel with the heavy lead going to the battery bank 38 Path List MNUJ ASF 41 Smoothing JE SMOOTIIING INDEX D 197 OU ing smoothing NOTE HDG should be still chaotic while SPD gets more stahle e q nearly zero This is because a minute position fluc tuation can change HDG by 180 degrees You may rest assured that both HDG and SPD readouts will get steady as the boat speeds up This is because change in position fixed by Loran is mainly caused by the ship s actual movement rather than the random error Thus the optimum index value should be determined through actual navi
92. rld has a unique GRI assigned to it and even though all Loran C transmitters work on the same frequency 100 KHz they can all be sorted out by GRI You will remember that the Time Difference s TD s are measured in micro seconds millionths of a second Further the designers of the Loran C system have assigned an identifying letter code to each slave station in a chain These are called either X Y M or Z 15 Now look back at the of chart 1n Fig 8 that shows part of the area near the coast of Japan You can now better appreciate why the TD s are labeled as they are The GRI in the label comes first then the iden tifying code letter and then the time difference in microseconds Your Loran C receiver is considerably more sophisticated than the simple T only receivers we have been describing here It is capable of computing Latitude and Longitude directly from these TD s This is a complex calculation and again the fundamental assumption made is that thc velocity of propagation of the signal is constant While this is true for propagation over seawater the velocity is altered slightly when the signals travel over land Over land the velocity is affected by such factors as the conductivity of the soil and the features of the terrain These effects are all lumped together under the title of Additional Secondary Factors or ASF These factors cannot be modeled exactly in the TD to Latitude Longitude mathematical con
93. rting the new ROM s into the sockets fix them with a plastic binder Program Nos U6 225 0101 1XX U7 225 0101 2XX Version No 5 Turn on the machine and confirm that the memory contents are not volatilized See page APG 1 API 1 Pav ZHACA do SNS IET 105 0 5 57 2227572 497 24 EEE E EAE t 1 Ren T e TD 4 t 2 1001 47 4 t Ac 6 5 IHD N Gad 6022022 227 01 ALT BAD SB REID b eeeSZZ 27 196 2 m P MEE S 49 ee l rdc vm i T EM DM p c NC H i i pies HAD EII I OM 2 Sook Tes Cuv ws e Ae _ _____ ____ _____ __ _ __ __ eee NS vt Ti gt Ig Fx 1 p 1 1 1 j 4522 re if APF FOI IO IO RIOR IK IORI A IIH APPENDIX K HANDLING MEMORY PARTITIONS KAK KK E E ok kr kk Ck e ke oke kr KK Ek ok ok ok This machine can memorize up to 4423 geographical locations 1800 1524 99 1000 as illustrated below Waypoints and a sea chart UE coast line are st
94. splay ON OFF ON default Choose ON and the coast line will presented on the screen Lf OFF is chosen the coast line is not presented 4 Path List MNU OPT Options 9 Chart selection ON OFF AUTO When the ship moves beyond the chart area the machine will search the card for the next chart a suitable chart is found it will be loaded onto the machine automatically NOTE For the automatic chart loading ROM card must be inserted before the chart area is exhausted Do not pull out the ROM card during auto loading 39 Go back to the above screen again You should choose MANUAL mode and change one of the slave stations or TD2 to the one which you found in the appendix 11 in this example Call tne monitor screen again and write the SNR values for all three stations down in the back of this manual Now you can proceed to step 3 3 Now turn on the other electronics on the boat radar echosounder etc one at a time and observe the SNR readings over a period of several minutes Make sure you operate the other equipment in al possible modes For example make sure that the radar is used in both standby and then transmit modes with the scanner turning and turned off etc Write down the resulting SNR s for each piece of gear and then shut it off and do the next piece of equipment If the SNR reading drops from say 90 to 85 then you are probably OK but if it
95. sured because the driving capability 20mA is greater than the total load 16MA 4 500 onm X 2 units 2 If the OUTPUT port is occupied by an auto pilot NMEA 0180 no other device 0183 may be additionally con nected to this port even though the driving capability is large enough 3 22 1 Connection Kit optional 15 required This kit includes the plug for LP 1000 end only Use the cable in cluded in the options for the autopilot or color sounder 4 Do not forget to strap a jumper between pin 13 and 214 LP 1000 5 Ground unused twisted pairs Floating wire causes noise 8 CONNECT ION OF EXTERNAL NAVIGATOR kk oke sk ok e ok kk Cable CO SPEVV SB C 0 2 sq x 5 P or 04541670 Standard length 5 m Max allowable length 10 m GP 300 1000 EX SRCN6AIG OSEE P 2 0701 25 0903 lt 2 3 2 1 TIT DTR H J xs 6 nIRC sas olus 94 C7 80 85 88 LC 90 0183 HINE il MACHINE in SRCN6AI6 IOP 0903 EO DE T ue EE an rH Ls i i p 4 vo PLU idu i SM ovd ij M i L NMEA 2133 2 0901
96. take for granted that the machine switches master slave combination one after another 1 1 as the boat moves on the sea If the machine is kept ON for many days and your boat has sailed a long distance it would be better to re select the combination i e turn the machine off and on to trigger Auto master slave finding function or select the combination manually 4 Path List INIT 3 Date amp time setting DATE TIME Set the on screen clock to GMT your local time etc It will take a few minutes for the machine to start position fixing Do not forget Lhat plotting starts at the second hit of PLT NOISE TEST AFTER INITIAL INSTALLATION The best way to check for the adequacy of an installation and for the presence of noise aboard the boat which might hamper Loran C reception is to measure SNR Signal to Noise Ratio on the monitor screen Make Sure all electrical and electronic machinery on your boat is turned off before starting this test This includes the enaine and any auxiliaries as well l Call the second page of the monitor screen by hitting MON and in order and you will see SNR s for the master and slave stations as shown below 08 24187 09 15 59 ALITO TO LL OFF MASTER TD1 TPE CAM PLEASE ENTER VALUE FROM 10 TO 30 MICRO SECONDS CORRECT MASTER 00 MICRO 5 Fig 26 36 The negative terminal of the capacitor should
97. ute after your boat has exited the zone the machine recognizes this and return the scale to the previous one Calling up Help Screen key usage Path list MNU INIT 8 Help Key usage is presented 56 516 ERR Signal Error Indication and Loran Signal Status If SIG FRR is presented on the second line of any screen it means that the loran signal is received with unfavorable condition and the loran fix may not he correct To see the details of the loran signal status call up the 2nd page of the monitor screen 08 24187 4 TO CRIN 09 15 59 SIG ERR TD1 102 ASF t CONO DEY 18 DEV Deviation AUTO IRK 010 Tracking points TO LL SNR Signal to noise ratio MAGEN UE i e Fnvelope to Cycle Difference CYC Cycle PLEASE ENTER VALUE FROM 10 TO 30 MICRO SECONDS CORRECT MASTER 09 MICRO SEC Prompt line Fig 43 DEV The amount that the internal reference oscillator in this machine has drifted trom its preset value is called the Deviation This machine compares the frequency of its own internal oscillator with that transmitted by the Loran C stations all of which have extremely precise master oscillators The nominal value for DEV is 000 set at the factory If the oscillator drifts too far signal acquisition time may increase and tracking accuracy may be affected f this should occur the
98. ver two pages NAV Navigation and TD CRTN TD Correction The top line of the above screen indicates that NAV page is presently sclected and that and are available for change Hit gt and TD CRTN page will be presented as shown below Hitting MNT also changes the page alternately 08 24 87 09 15 59 same as NAY S Time differences 2 i ON 7 8 Loran sig Status and prompt 000 for correction data entry l l DLL MEDIE POR 8 page 59 MASTER 99 2 6 d Correction status 99 0 102 99 0 51 PLEASE ENTER FZ VALUE FROM 10 TO 30 MICRO SECONDS lt MASTER _ 00 MICRO SEC 2 You may enter TD correction values page 51 Menu screen MNU Various data may be entercd through this screen and the method LO communicate with this screen is described in the following section Menu Tree amp Interactive Operation 5 7 TTT TT Virtually every navigation function conceivable has been programmed into this single unit llowever yuu rest assured that operation 15 rather easy thanks to the object oriented systematically structured menu system The MENU LIST starting from page 61 shows the entire menu structure but only one part of it is sam
99. version The LC 90 however has TD offsets built into it describing deviations from the ideal grid The offsets were actually measured at sea The LC 90 can automatically take these warpages into account to give more accurate com putation of Latitude and Longitude than can a receiver without this automa tic ASF correction Note that the TD grids on a Loran C overiaid chart can be shifted when the chart is printed and thus compensated to take care of actual observed readings from the field should still be careful when using Latitude Longitude numbers directly from a Loran C receiver especially when near land since this is where significant errors can occur Note that the charts don t even show Loran C grids over inland areas because of the extreme distortions in the lattices over land Also Loran C is not meant to be used in harbors or ports since these are usually surrounded hy land masses Well enough theory for now Let s yel down to how you actually operate your new machine Some advanced concepts and further cautions on the use and misuse of the system will be given later 16 THE LP 1000 BASICS The LP 1000 is basically a rather simple unit to operate although at first glance it may be a little intimidating to someone who has never used a Loran C navigator or computer aided machine Try to operate your own machine as quided in this section and you will find the operation is quite simple once you become acquainted w
100. vigation ep Bak NO onto How Loran C WORKS ua vui x eve e ew ote eere afr eal I S ge THE LP 1000 BASICS Keyboard Descr DOS 25 e Me M riga Pct de ar i eS oat t Power on off Keys PWR amp OFF Keyboard Dimmer y o P V 4 e be EAE S dried Monitor Sereen are RUE Re cate sie Men Screen esee Ea CE Sama oe etre su e Wee idi iii gt TOPICS urning ON OFF Power on off Procedure 18 Economy Mode Operation EF S rum uror HE MILI 20 FROM WPT amp WPT to Pes wes 22 ae ER at Rape ed uu 22 SPD VTD BRG HDG RINGS FIGS ER ipis on arsi 23 aie te ead ot 24 Kev Usages EVT Event Mark amp Waypoint 27 I G CEER 5 uc ay maan Cam ME Di 33 este wawasta aqa a e 27 SS SOS Eu a um 27 Cup tese rae re UYA 34 Indications SWPER PLT OPT ALM CEC
101. visual and celestial sightinas sounding measurements etc to verify the reliability of the data FEATURES kkkkkkkkk The LP 1000 is an integrated navigator which contains a Loran C receiver and a 7 inch CRT plotter in a single splash proof cabinet Two pages of concurrently plotted chart screens plus two pages of nav data screens wide variety of functions to cope with any kind of situation User friendly operation by the latest man to machine interface Large and versatile memory partitions to plot save ship s course line Storage of ship s course line and waypoints using optional RAM card Artificial coast line presentation using optional ROM card Routing and waypoint navigations Built in real time clock alarms on screen calculator etc Built in lithium battery 3 years for memory back up Plotter only operation being connected to an external loran C Satnav Decca or GPS Water temperature and depth indications from an external video sounder or output of cross track error for autopilot 5 Morse code XTE audible alarn ii KREKKKKKKKKKKEKKKKKKKKK TABLE OF CONTENTS FOI II OI IO III KK AK SPEEIFIUATIONS eee S ee SIDES SER Bia ua m Q INSTALLATION DISPLAY UNIT INSTALLATION Mounting T IP LI Lc CGabTet Connect tons ices Ara pale eec pod quedar UNU OPERATION ELEMENTARY THEORY Basie Na
102. xt page If negative C ER is indicated the WPT is in the port direction Unless the sign is given to the C ER indication the TO is to the starboard 23 SPD may be broken into two components as shown in the right figure below One is the component which serves to carry the ship toward the TO WPT and 15 termed VTD velocity to destination other is the component which is at right angle to VTD and does not go to the destina tion When HDG exactly coincides with the TO WPT direction i e C ER is zero VTD gets equal to SPD and the invalid speed component becomes zero As C ER increases VTD decreases and the invalid component increases When the boat is getting far from the TO WPT negative VTD is presented TTG time to go is obtained by dividing RNG range to TO WPT by VTD at the present moment When the boad is getting far from the WPT negative TTG is presented po 7 A 52 A 385 PESE _ ano SRM AS __ we _ Y jer ES v 3 7 DN This component of 4 ES s SPD serves to carry pof 7 the ship to WPT OSEE s d _ This component of SPD carrys the hoat off course Fig 15 SIG ERR signal error amp RCV ERR data link error Once the internal Loran has locked up SIG EtRR rarely appears on Screen The meaning of this si

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