Furuno CH-32 User's Manual
Contents
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3. p t KMA 42 2 eter r efet irit ee stata ta 5 USEFUL OPERATIONS Speed up of the Sounding Tracking Echoes Quickly Echoes go out of the Detection Range Observing Echoes in Detail When you prefer fast sounding turn the PWR XDCR knob to FAST SCAN position 6 degrees step 12 degrees step Note The sounding sector is doubled to speed up sounding 12 step is available on 300m or long ranges Press the SCAN REV key to reverse the training direction for quick tracking This function is quite useful for quick confirmation of echoes In a wide sector selection target echoes may be lost until the sounding beam returns reversed whenever the SCAN REV key is pressed lt Training direction is Detected Select EXP mode by the MODE knob The detection range is expanded 7 5 times Select ZOOM mode by the Mode knob The echo size on that display range is expanded 1 5 times 18 6 INDICATORS ON THE SCREEN 1 Normal Son
4. 39 Display Unit 39 Transceiver Unit 39 Hull Unpit EE 39 12 DIAGNOSTIC SELF CHECK DEEN 42 Display Unit Check ANEN 42 Hull Unit Check EE 43 Display Unit Check EEN 43 APPENDIX CHANGING SPECIFICATIONS eese nea 2 Changing Operating Specifications 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ULTRASONIC WAVE IN WATER AP 4 Sound VeElOCIY EE AP 4 Absorption and Attenuation AP 5 Refraction EE 6 Adverse Effect of Air BPubbles AP 7 Reflection at Seabed and Fish School AP 8 5 ien ases a usa pasa oa AR qa pea Pa nae AP 10 HANDLING PRECAUTIONS Keep all magnetic materials away Loudspeaker Magnetic Compass Cassette Tape Unit mm Do not increase brightness too much Moderate screen brightness to protect your eyes RESCOL LOCK ec OOO OUTPUT SARL AUDID NOTE The CH 32 retracts the soundome automatically when the power 15 turned off even if the soundome is not retracted Note however that if you turn off the main power switch first the soundome cannot be retracted 1 FOREWORD Congratulations on your choice of the FURUNO 32 Color Searchlight Sonar
5. COUNT 7 number of pulses used to tilt DEG t NG transducer is abnormal When it in 5 1289 O 1219 0 creases frequently the set is faulty 1797 0 1867 0 Display Unit Check 2 This mode is used to check the display unit by using internally generated reference signals The check can be performed without hull and transceiver units though it is all right even if they are connected and the check result shows if normal the signals are correctly processed in the display unit _ Set switch 1 to OFF and 2 to ON Picture shows concentric circles in which signal strength increases from the center position outwards picture will differ depending on the setting of the TVG GAIN and NOISE LIM controls 43 APPENDIX CHANGING SPECIFICATIONS AP 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ULTRASONIC WAVE IN WATER AP 4 SILKE 10 OUTLINE DRAWINGS AP 13 Appendix CHANGING SPECIFICATIONS Changing Operating Specifications According to user requirements and in order to render use even easier the operating specifications can be changed to those shown in the following table The switches used to change the specifications are located on the DSP board in the display unit Change settings to fit user s particular requirements Switch 51 Input Signal 1 Echo Factory setting Test signal Ce wn geg Refer to Display C
6. and switches SECTOR SCAN REV Adjust the tilt angle with the TILT control knob See next page for detail Change the presentation mode if necessary Adjust the GAIN and TVG controls Gain 4 6 TVG level amp time 5 If interference is on the screen pull out the IR control Adjust the NL control if a large number of small blue dots appear on the screen Normally set it around the 2 position 1 c With the trackball marker measure the distance 29020792 a to a fish school or bottom C HUE RESCOL SEAM lod et Adjust control if necessary Reduce the output power if necessary In normal case set it to maximum 10 position 1 setting The Tilt Angle Seabed Echo vs Angle Example of How to discriminate Fish Echoes from the Seabed Case 1 Finding the proper tilt angle is of utmost importance when search ing for fish When selecting a tilt angle keep the following points in mind Case 1 Tilt Angle 30 to 40 degrees A wide tilt angle will display the entire seabed since it is captured by the full width of the beam Case 2 Tilt Angle 10 to 20 degrees A narrow tilt angle will display only half the seabed since it is captured by only the lower half of the beam Case 3 Tilt Angle 0 to 10 degrees An exceptionally narrow tilt angle may or may not capture the seabed since the returning echo is weak The figure illustrates how
7. SS 8 L tions as follows a NE 21 OFF The equipment is switched off 3 0 N 1 Raising retracting the transducer 2442211 Ogan 10 Y Lowering the transducer Lowering the transducer and High speed training Page 18 Page 34 adjusts the receiver sensitivity Turning the control clockwise increases the sensitivity When changing the range and tilt settings readjustment of the gain is required For normal use it is recommended to set it around the 5 position When interference be seen on the screen pull out the GAIN control to reduce or eliminate it selects the detecting display range The selected range appears at the upper corner Page 6 of the screen determines the center direction of the train sector In the ZOOM and EXP mode it con trols the direction to be off centered selects the width of the transducer training sector among eight 6 36 60 96 120 mE Page 6 GAIN IR RANGE TRAIN SECTOR TILT SCAN REV OFF CENTER TRACKBALL T ec aj t m ol 180 240 and 360 positions The direction of training can made in both directions except at the 360 setting controls tilt angle between 5 and 90 The setting angle is made in 1 degree pages 12 17 steps and displayed at the upper right corner of the reverses the training directi
8. Noise is rejected 0 2 3 5 10 Ihe also functions to suppress unwanted echoes and noise which appear in a certain range area on screen as shown in the figure above obtain the proper TVG setting follow the procedure below 1 Set TVG time for the 5 position approx 1000m This is standard setting and you can maintain this setting in most cases 2 When sea surface reflections or plankton layers disturb the picture set the TVG level knob around 5 to eliminate them 3 Locate a fish school on a long range setting and watch it while it approaches Adjust the tilt so that the fish school is always placed in the center of the sonar beam Check that the fish echo is displayed in the same color while it approaches If the color changes suddenly to weaker colors as the fish echo nears area the TVG is improperly set Adjust the TVG level to correct it If sea surface reflections and noise remain try to remove them with the AGC and NOISE LIM controls as described on pages 36 and 37 35 3 Suppressing Seabed Displaying Bottom Fish Clearly As described earlier fish schools located near the seabed are sometimes difficult to detect because you have to discriminate fish echoes in the seabed reflections The AGC switch decreases the tail of seabed reflection making it easier to discriminate bottom fish AGC Control The AGC functions to automatically reduce the receiv
9. 1 Normal PPI Screen 19 2 PPI Historical Display Soreen 20 3 Zoomed Sonar Screen Display Range Expanded 21 4 Expanded PPI Sonar Display Detection Range 22 7 INTERPRETING THE DISPLAY ccccscecseccsccccvccscuccsucuscsussenerescesercnseseecuseecs 23 How the Picture is Composed on the Screen 23 Historical Display 23 Continuous Trainirg Mode RN 24 Training Area 1208 24 Typical Echoes on the Screen 25 1 Seabed EE 25 2 FISH School 26 Unwanted 1 29 8 EXAMPLE OF ACTUAL PICTURES 32 9 HOW TO OBTAIN QUALITY PICTURES ceu 34 1 Gain Setting REM 34 2 Eliminating Unwanted Feeble Echoes Applying Proper TVG 35 3 Suppressing Seabed Displaying Bottom Fish 20 36 4 Suppressing Seabed and Sea Surface Reflections in Shallow Fishing Grounds Reducing output power 36 5 Rejecting Sonar Interference and Noise Turning on the NOISE LIM IR switches 37 10 HINTS FOR eccessssccusseccsveccceecesscsereucccersaasevansenesenscessansseeess 38 11 MAINTENANCE AND GENERAL 5
10. tally When it moves up and down it should be tracked by manually changing the tilt Note also that if the fish school goes out of the zone in the range direction the tracking is suspended until it or a new fish school comes into the zone To activate the target lock function 1 Select the target lock zone alarm zone using the trackball TARGET LOCK key and sector switch See page 8 2 Press the TARGET LOCK switch on the sub panel The target lock indicator appears on the screen 3 Whena fish school displayed in red or reddish brown is detected in the specified zone the target lock is activated and the target lock indicator on the screen blinks and the buzzer sounds to call the operator s attention 4 To turn off the target lock function press the TARGET LOCK switch again NOTE Set the target lock zone so that boitom echoes are excluded from the zone otherwise the target lock may be activated with bottom echoes Target Lock Mode Selection In the target lock function two types of tracking modes are avail able AREA and EDGE Select either of them with DIP switch 52 7 see pageAP 3 The switch is factory set for the AREA mode AREA Mode The sounding beam is scanned from end to end of the fish school Namely the transducer training is reversed at each end of the fish school The advantage of this mode is that you can observe the size of the fish school continually EDGE Mode The sounding bea
11. 200 is Side DN _ Reflection Loss dB S w Ref lectio Frequency kHz Frequency kHz Reflection Loss Reflection Loss Mackerel No 1 _ Mackerel No 2 Incident Direction of Ultrasonic Wave Species Back Side Head Sardine 1 2 0 13 Bonito 1 2 0 5 Horse Mackerel 0 8 1 2 1 4 2 2 0 4 0 6 Bream 0 9 3 0 45 Turbot 2 Average 2 0 4 1 Display System 2 Picture Color 3 Display Mode 4 Range Pulselength Train Speed Appendix SPECIFICATIONS 32 OOO S Main Shaft 1 1M 25 Main Shaft 2 5M 2 24VDC 3 32VDC 40 40kHz 60 60kHz PPI and histrical displays on 14 color CRT 8 colors depending on signal strength 1 Full circle PPI 2 PPI histrical presentation 3 Zoomed PPI 4 Expanded PPI Pulselength Train Spd Sec 0 8 ES Is 4000 6000 168 87 or 200 103 9 9 23 Selected internally Li Low S Standard AP 10 5 Audio Monitor 6 Transceiver 7 Training 8 Tilt 9 Transducer Raise Lower 10 Allowable Ship s Speed 11 Other Functions 12 Power Supply 13 Ambient Condition 900 1000Hz selected by internal switch 4W Freq Output Power 4okHz aw MICA aw Wide beam available on 400m or shorter ranges Manual or automatic training in 6 12 steps 12 step is available on 300m or longer ranges Train sector selected from 6 36 60 9
12. 70m cabie SP06 00610 006 535 010 PR 1100 61 000 069 262 For 110VAC PR 1100 72 000 069 263 For 220VAC 06 014 2511 1 100 129 151 For 1 1m shaft 06 014 2512 0 100 136 640 For 2 5m shaft 10 00210 006 957 300 OP06 1 _ 000 065 818 4 006 537 120 12 FURUNO d 2 3 95 465 100 4 12 Hx ft X FIXING HOLES 365 100 m EARTH TERMINAL R SCALE 1 10 UNIT mm Hx ft 3 MOUNTING DIMENSION 18 REAR VIEW HERO REA RECOMMENDED SERVICE SPACE LE y NAME MATERIAL e OWS NO REMARKS AUG 2 90 APPROVED T THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION JE 28 90 T A059 DISPLAY UNIT m AUG 27 1 n 20 C1277 GO5 A FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD A 04 nemen REMOTE CONTROL 245293 CONNECTOR C CABLE ENTRY D SIS AE EN SA EE ROVED TA D VJE KIYRKOLIL Lugt 2E gt R CH 322 CHECKED T Mi w REMOTE CONTROL 40 27 EE S C1277 GOT TA FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD 15 FURUNO 4 87 4 R FIXING HOLES 36 3 42 H E Z F P RECOMMENDED SERVICE SPACE 4 2 NAME MATERIAL DWG NO REMARKS ime xX K H USD CH 321 TRANSCEIVER UNIT APPROVED LO guf 28 9o CHECKED 7 3 01277 003 SI AUG 23 PO DRAWN 7 USURA WEIGHT DWG NO
13. FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD THIRD ANGLE Ve don FURUNO _ 897 R d a LEE TTD Ni S TTE NN 2 D Fi 2395 2500 270 8 4 900MM 9 77 Mie FOR 2500MM TANK 795 FOR 900MM TANK Weg o lt V EN SE VLA M20 F W 4 HE SLIK T a MR A RE 1 20 RECOMMENDED SERVICE SPACE SCALE 1 20 4 1 2 3 500 B 800 1 OY EZ 20 RAFYA HEX NUT M20 S W 6 f dv JU HEX BOLT 16 M20x90 gt n a ER a ITEM RETRACTION TANK Bile com SOUNDOME ASSEMBLY Hn __ MAIN SHAFT EZ O RING TANK GUIDE GREASE COTTON GREASE COTTON RETAINER A II GASKET MAIN BODY FLANGE STARE DO 1 3 BAN CIA 1 2 BET 3 600mm DIE E S Zo Rahs VO ld CT 105mm LA TUBES So BO lt BY Ao 1 VEL FEMOMROW 45 56455187 Do ICEL TSO AAAS et fia TEC b K ve C E ASA LE CDE 318814 BRO EBBICA T BEER 473 aU T EREE gt TFE ETE 5 77 50mm MAN AEI ZD BBE 600 x 600mm Bo THE HULL UNIT IS GENERALLY PLACED ABOUT 1 3 1 2 IN CASE OF SMALL BOAT OF THE SHIP S LENGTH FROM THE BOW ON THE
14. We confident that you will enjoy many years of operation with this fine piece of equipment For over 40 years Furuno Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for quality and reliability throughout the world This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global network of agents and dealers The CH 32 is the newest addition to Furuno s CH family of sonars This new sonar is especially designed to provide powerful detection capability at long range and improved operation by the rotary controls and trackball The display of the sonar is presented eight colors like other Furuno color sounders and sonars The excellent combination of a new high power transmitter and improved receiver AGC brings you a clear and high quality picture on a 14 inch screen We would appreciate feedback from you end user about whether we are achieving our purpose Thank you for considering and purchasing Furuno equipment FEATURES 1 Displays a bright non fading steady picture in 8 color presentation on 14 Selectable background color lessens eye fatigue in both daytime and nighttime operations 2 High power operation choice of 40kHz 2kW or 60kHz 3kW 3 Trackball offers easy to use operation for various marker settings 4 Off centered or zoomed presentation mode is provided in addition to normal PPI and PPI Historical presentation 5 Scan reverse key allows you to reverse the direction of training
15. small when compared with that of liquid the air bubbles violently vibrate contract and expand by the action of sound pressure diffusing the ultrasonic wave and dispersing part of the acous tic energy In a liquid which contains a large amount of air bubbles attenuation of an ultrasonic wave increases and the wave is reflected at the boundary of waters which contain and do not contain air bubbles From the above it can be said that reflection occurs in the boundary where the density P of the material medium that is the velocity of the ultrasonic wave changes The velocity of an ultrasonic wave with respect to its medium is 200 thru 400m s in gas except for hydrogen and helium 900 thru 2000m s in liquid several times higher than in air and 2000 thru 6400m s in ordinary metal The product of density and the velocity is called intrinsic acoustic impedance and in the boundary between two media which has extremely different C from each other most of the acoustic power is reflected and only a small portion penetrates In the boundary between water and air the acoustic energy penetrates with a loss of approximate ly 30dB that is approximately 0 1 of the energy penetrates from one medium to the other Reflection from water which contains air bubbles is caused by the fact that the cubic elasticity decreases in aerated water causing the intrinsic acoustic impedance to change In the actual sonar operation adverse effe
16. 0 Display unit panel switch check If the DISP CPU figure changes when each switch is 0650037000 operated the switches are normal ROM IDEO R NE Remote control box switch check The SNR RAM OK switches are normal if figure changes ESM RAM OK 0000 when each touch key is pressed CHR RAM OK Internal preset switch settings The switches are normal if the value changes REM CON gt when each switch is operated 0 125 125 DIP SWITCH 52 00000000 53 0000 gt MOTION SENSOR check The motion sensor is normal if the value changes following ship s rolling and pitching VIDEO check In case of an abnormality NG will be displayed instead of DSP CPU ROM RAM check In case of an abnormality will be displayed instead of 42 Unit Check This checks that the transducer is trained tilted correctly with a specified number of pulses TRAINZTILT SELF TEST PHOTO SENSOR PHOTO SENSOR Check DEG TRAIN DEG Six OKs should be displayed 80 OK 5 90 72 30 TRAIN Check 270 _ 90 The number of NG when TRAN gt COUNT 8 number of pulses used to train the DEG CW NG CCW NG transducer 15 abnormal When it in Jo 1808 1812 creases frequently the set is faulty 270 3592 3592 os 1796 1788 The number of NG increases when the
17. 6 120 180 240 and 360 Train center can be set in any direction in 6 steps Train direction can be reversed at any time 5 to 90 4 seconds approx 1 step Transducer travel 600mm Raise time approximately 21 seconds Lower time approximately 17 seconds 18 knots 15 knots during raise lower operation Target Lock Locks on and tracks fish target above a specified level in the automatic training sector Monitor Sensor Stabilizes sounding beam against Option rolling and pitching of up to 20 24 32VDC 200W 500W during transducer raise lower 100 110 200 220VAC 50 60Hz with rectifier PR 1100 Temperature 0 C to 45 C Humidity less than 95 11 STANDARD SUPPLY CH 320 000 069 247 ______ CH 321 40 000 069 248 40kHz CH 321 60 000 069 249 60kHz Display Unit Transceiver Unit Hull Unit 326 40 2 11 000 069 257 40 40kHz 326 40 2 25 000 069 301 60 60kHz 326 40 3 11 000 069 258 2 24VDC CH 326 40 3 25 000 069 302 3 32VDC 326 60 2 11 000 069 259 11 1 1m shaft CH 326 60 2 25 000 069 303 25 2 5m shaft CH 326 60 3 11 000 069 260 CH 326 60 3 25 000 069 304 06 00800 900 060 254 CP06 00620 15M 000 069 250 With 15m cable CP06 00630 30M 000 069 251 With 30m cable CP06 00640 40M 000 069 252 With 50m cable CP06 00650 70M 000 069 253 With
18. ER Do open the equipment Hazardcus voltage which will cause death or serious injury exists inside the equipment Only qualified personnel should work inside the equip ment A WARNING Do not disassemble or modify the equipment Fire electrical shock or serious injury can result off the power immediately if water leaks into the equipment or the equip ment is emitting smoke or fire Continued use of the equipment can cause fire orelectrical shock Do not place liquid filled containers on the top of the equipment Fire or electrical shock can result if a liquid Spills into the equipment Do not operate the equipment with wet hands Electrical shock can result Keep heater away from equipment Heat can equipment shape and melt the power cord which can cause fire or electrical shock A CAUTION Use the proper fuse Use of a wrong fuse can result in fire or permanent equipment damage Do not use the equipment for other than its intended purpose Personal injury can result if the equipment is used as a chair or stepping stool for example Do not place objects on the top of the equipment The equipment can overheat or personal injury can result if the object falls Do not exceed speed noted in the speci fications when operating the equipment or lowering or raising the transducer The transducer may become da
19. FORE AFT LINE AND BESIDE THE KEEL LINE LESS THAN 600mm FROM KEEL LINE CUT THE TANK WHTHIN 105MM IN LENGTH ACCORDING TO INSTALLATION METHOD L 7 EE THE HULL UNIT SHOULD ORIENTED SO THAT THESHIP S FORE AFT LINE CROSSES THE RAISE LOWER DRIVE BLOCK AT AN ANGLE OF APPROXIMATELY 45 AS SHOWN AT LEFT NOTE THAT POSITIONS WHICH ARE ROTATED IN 90 STEPS FROM THE SHOWN POSITION ARE ALSO ALLOWED HEADING ADJUSTMENT SHOULD BE PERFORMED AFTER INSTALLATION REFERRING TO THE INSTALLATION MANUAL WHEN THE UNIT IS INSTALLED IN THE ENGINE ROOM WHERE INTENSE VIBRATION 18 EXPECTED INSTALL THE VIBRATION ISOLATING STAY FROM TOP OF THE UNIT TO SHIP S HULL BY USING THE STAY ANGLE OPTION REFER TO INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR DETAIL SECURE SERVICE SPACE TANKU LENGTH 50MM ABOUE THE UNIT OR MAKE A SQURE HOLE OF 600 x 600MM ON THE CEILING OPTION 1 1m OR 2 7m a NAME MATERIAL DWG NO REMARKS 3 CT O2 8 e 2 NOTE Q 5 G a Rx d RS 1 9 ik in AUG o X APPROVED 7 1 1 8 40 T boat 4 fa i THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION R SCALE WEIGHT TE E HULL UNIT 145 AKO 7 XDCR TRAVEL 600mm 1277 601 FURUNO ELECTRIC LTD ME 16 82 A MLE TES WELDING BEAD POSITION 48581 AT A
20. FURUNO OPERATOR S MANUAL COLOR SEARCHLIGHT SONAR MODEL CH 32 m IR FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD NP NISHINOMIYA JAPAN FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD 9 52 Ashihara cho Nishinomiya Japan 662 Telephone 0798 65 2111 Telefax 0738 55 4200 6111 ATT rights reserved Printed in Japan M ATHTARTRERRRARAARARATA RRARRrdiTuEudb ns PUB No 127710 CETHI 32 Your Local Agent Dealer Initial AUG 1990 B 1 DEC 13 1996 NAME 0050215500 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS DANGER WARNING and CAUTION notices appear throughout this manual It is the responsibility of the operator of the equipment to read understand and follow these no tices If you have any questions regarding these safety instructions please contact a FURUNO agent or dealer The level of risk appearing in the notices is defined as follows A DANGER This notice indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided will result in death or serious injury This notice indicates a potentially T hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in death or serious injury This notice indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in minor or moderate injury or property damage AN CAUTION DANG
21. IGHT DwG NO 9003 601 FURUNO ELECTRIC LTD FURUNO 2 3 AP 19 152 150 IS 120 Q u 4 97 BAR FIXING HOLES A LLLLLL L B C C 168 NOTE 1 RU SSEDO AR AREAIE D D MENSIONS MARKED s SHOW RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE VENTILATION SPACE 2 N J 7 SRA PICA SLC RUT ORIENT THE MARK ON THE UNIT TOWARD SHIP S BOW ANO MOUNT THE UNIT LEVEL NAME MATERIAL DWG NO REMARKS m NUL 22 90 APPROVED YO THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION me E JE TE 25 GHECK D Lap 2 E MS 100 MOTION SENSOR Pi a MM l 1278 601 DRAWN AA WEIGHT FURUNO ELECTRIC LTD 5 REVISION RECORD OF OPERATOR S INSTALLATION MANUAL MODEL CH 3Z PUBLICATION NO 0 1 277 0 e DETAILS First Edition ZA PLEDE zi Vif Ze LATZ AT d d Aut 29027 p fg ES PEL 8482 DEPTH a ba _ fed Io 8 L __ sounding taining chi Latz anton h kB Javad 5 ET WE lt n le Je t 1 1 e el
22. RIB 4pes E a 90 110 15 2 15 60 2 4 14 VAA A A ed m 4 8 AN t 2 380812 BR d RIB 4pcs Q 1 5 8 4 A f A K A 3 LA ik og SE NOTE 1 H Li A 43334 713 2355 6 1 2 Y IHEHESTPG38 E C AM 0908350 RA Va M40 gt 2 8858 733072 5541 6 Yo Amit JD ERE LESE HRH O L Le 4 9 7 Lice CO NOTE 1 USE STPG 38 amp EC 14 SCHEDULE 40 COLD FINISH CARBON STEEL PIPE FOR PRESSURE SERVICE 2 USE SS 41 ROLLED STEEL FOR GENERAL STRUCTURE FOR RIB AND FLANGE 3 GIVE EPOXY PAINT AND ANTI FOULING PAINT ON INSIDE OF TANK 4 DO NOT PAINT UPPER SURFACE OF FLANGE 44 REMARKS 5 AUG 2 5 f SEI L7 4188 B APPROVED 7 AJAKAZJO THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION m 46 28 62 R STEEL RETRACTION CHECKED 7 TANK OUTLINE DRAWING MUG Z Jo FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD S4 d gt 4 912 Ex 4d R FIXING HOLES ME Kii WN H L A 2e pa RECOMMENDED SERVICE SPACE ATERIAL NAME 7 MATERIAL DWG NO REMARKS 8 APPROVED THIRD ANGLE P ROJLETION SE Ex Xt 92 i 28 L n TEN PR 1100 RECTIFIER DRAWN H USU PA WE
23. ar Display GC BBG eae IR MARK TARGET LOCK IN DICATOR LARM INDICATOR COLOR BAR gt ALARM ZONE MARKER OWN SHIP S MARK 19 2 PPI Historical Display 2 TILT SECTOR WIIDTH MARK TARGET LOCK IN DICATOR TRACKBALL DATA RANGE MARKER 15 ALARM INDICATOR 4 R B MARK DATA BEARING MARKER PORT STARBOARD MARKER 5 TRACKBALL ALARM ZONE MARKER 17 TRAINING DIRECTION MARKER 20 3 Zoomed Sonar Display Display Range Expanded 20 wou t OWN SHIP S MARK CURSOR SCALE ALARM ZONE SECTOR CENTER MARK SECTOR WIIDTH MARK 13 MARK 9 RANGE MARKER 14 TARGET LOCK IN DICATOR BEARING MARKER gt LARM INDICATOR 21 4 Expanded Sonar Display Detection Range Expanded 1 gt 2390 8315 R3000 T 2400 T o 209 13 14 6 5 8 GOES Ei CURSOR SCALE ALARM ZONE MARKER SECTOR CENTER MARK OWN SHIP S MARK SECTOR WIIDTH MARK IR MARK RANGE MARKER TARGET LOCK IN DICATOR BEARING MARKER ALARM INDICATOR 22 7 INTERPRETING THE DISPLAY How the Picture is Composed on the Screen Pid sector PPI 5 Display area Display corresponding to the sound ing beam Historical Display e 1 PPI Historical Display Mode Beam Training As shown above the sounding
24. ation 4 Keep it away frora equipment with magnets such as a speaker large capacity transformer and also magnetic sensitive units such as gyrocompass or cassette tape 5 Clean the filter and screen with a wet or dry soft cloth Don t use thinner or benzine 6 Put on the cover after operation TRANSCEIVER UNIT Wipe off dust or oil with a cloth dampened ina mild detergent Keep the unit clean especially the cable entrance HULL UNIT 1 Lubrication Remove the cover for the raise lower drive assembly by loosening the fixing screws Then apply grease to the raise lower screw shaft once a year Also put grease on the raise lower main shaft upper part of the grease cotton retainer twice a year 39 2 Cleaning Retraction Tank Removal of Marine Growth If marine growth barnacle oyster etc breeds inside the retraction tank the raise lower operation will be obstructed In the worst case the raise lower motor may burn out Therefore it is to remove marine growth at least once a year or when the ship is hauled on the slip or in the dry dock If the sonar is left inoperative for a considerably long period scrape off marine growth inside the tank before operation Scrape off marine growth and coat the inside of the tank with antifouling paint p Lech 7 227 4 4 e A ia AF 8 8 Ss Ar Dae Soundome U 1 Do not clean the dome surface with th
25. beam is emitted from the soundome at a certain tilt angle The information target echoes obtained by this beam is displayed in 6 degree sectors on the PPI sonar screen and by a series of vertical scan lines like a color sounder in the lower part of the screen See the hatched areas in the figure The sonar picture is completed with 60 transmis sions 6 X 60 360 and the historical display is completed with 240 transmissions Provided that the training is performed continuously with tilt it forms a large sounding area cone shape resulting in continuous pictures on both parts of the screen Historical Display Mode The historical display appears in the lower part of the screen This display is quite similar to the recording of a conventional graph recording type sonar The features and the expected applications are 1 It can be considered as an echo sounder picture with a tilted transducer 2 It can show as many as the last four complete sonar pictures 360 training of transducer allowing you to recognize the history of fish school movement distribution etc 3 The identification of weak or intermittent targets which tend to be ignored on the PPI display may be possible 23 When comparing historical display with the PPI sonar display the port starboard training direction markers help you to recognize the location of the sounding beam and the cor responding area Continuous Training The entire PPI screen corresp
26. ct of air bubbles is shown by interrupted display of target echoes which occurs while crossing over the wake of another boat or when the sonar transducer passes above the air bubbles generated by own ship Air bubbles in water have a resonant frequency of 15kHz thru 100kHz and hence the ultrasonic wave in this frequency range is most strongly affected Reflection At Seabed And Fish School The nature of the seabd is roughly classified into the following four kinds crag sand mud and seaweeds In addition shells and carcass of animals especially coral imbedded in the seabed cause reflection loss 8 Incident soud pressure Reflection Loss Lb 20108 Reflection sound pressure db The actual reflection loss in the sea is shown below The reflection loss remains almost constant up to 50kHz and then gradually increases Refelction Loss dB Frequency kHz The relation of frequency vs reflection loss for mackerel is shown below The calculated value and actually measured value nearly coincide And also on the contrary to the seabed reflection the reflection loss decreases as the frequenc increases The K in the figure is the coeffi cient of fish shape where its larger value introduces smaller reflection loss mi 7 1 Head 15 ST Measured 5 Hi dech 21 Ca culated 2 7 pd 0 30 40 JO lO 80100 20 30 40 5000 20 Zoo 300
27. degrees and when emitted vertically 90 degrees set a tilt angle operate the TILT knob for the desired angle while watching the tilt angle indication at the top right hand side of the screen The tilt angle can be set in one degree steps within the range of 5 to 90 degrees Soundome 1 Tilt 35 Display 0 Horizontal Transducer Tilt Angle 90 Vertical TRACKBALL The trackball has two functions basically Operation 1 To obtain the data slant amp horizontal range depth and bearing from own ship to the specified position on the screen 2 Combined with a R B and ALARM key directly above it the R B marker alarm zone display is switched on and off Procedures Purpose R B Mark 1 Position the trackball marker on the desired point 2 Press the switch The range and bearing markers ap pear and their data are displayed at the bottom left hand side of the screen Trockboll Mark R B Mark Data 3 To erase the marker place the trackball mark near the own ship s mark and press the R B switch You can set 360 degree alarm zone by the ALARM key to audibly alert you when echoes more than red color enter the preselected zone 1 Press the ALARM key Two zone markers set zone mes sage and alarm mark appear on the screen 2 Move the inner zone marker to the alarm start range by the trackball 3 Press the ALARM key The alarm start range is registered a
28. e picture displayed in the lower part of the historical display is equal to four full circle pictures approximately Information of 240 transmissions This enables you to observe the history of a fish movement which cannot be readily recognized on the instan taneous PPI display In other words you may be able to find fish coming up from the bottom echo with a proper setting of TILT and AGC Range Selection The RANGE control selects the detection display range Select the range according to either the fish species being searched for or the depth desired Normally it is set so that the bottom is traced at the lower part of the screen like An echo sounder SEA SURFACE l n Range indicated on the screen NN k ads e s ho fra NOTE The unit of measurement can changed by an internal DIP switch See pages AP 2 and AP 3 IR When interference from other echo sounders operating nearby or Interference other electrical noise can be seen on the screen pull out the IR Rejector control to reduce or eliminate the interference Interference is easily recognizable by its appearance see figure below Although the IR is effective in most cases some forms ofinterference cannot be reduced or eliminated IR Mark Interference TILT Control The tilt angle shows the direction to which the sound wave is emitted When the sound wave is emitted horizontally it is said to be zero 0
29. e scale of 400m or shorter 0 suppresses the echo of Page strong targets e g the 36 seabed for easy recognition of fish schools adjacent to the sea bottom Position 0 is the normal setting rejects noise which is dis Page played over the screen inlight 3 blue or blue Position 2 is the normal setting LEVEL controls the receiver sensitivity to eliminate surface noise which may mask shal low targets TIME determines the TVG effective depth adjusts the volume of the exter nal loudspeaker for monitoring a target echo BRILL adjusts brightness of the screen adjusts output power 0 is for minimum power and 10 maxi mum Set to 10 for normal use and use a low power when sea surface reflection or seabed echo obscures fish schools Presentation Mode Four presentation modes are available Full circle PPI PPI Historical Zoomed PPI and EX Panded PPI mode Presentation Full circle PPI mode Normal circle picture is dis played on entire screen PPI Historical mode Normal circle picture is displayed at the upper portion of the screen and the historical display picture on the lower portion Zoomed PPI mode Zoomed picture is displayed on en tire screen The echo size on the screen is expanded 1 5 times Expanded PPI mode The detection range in the direction of the sector center is expanded 1 5 times NOTE The length of th
30. er second in sea water but in practice some amount of variation arises depending on the season and area from differences in the followintg three factors NI veloci Correction value with respect to c e oeTiy m sec Depth and Temperature m sec Water temperature 8 salinity density 26 Water pressure water depth h m Therefore for propagation in surface water the velocity changes not only by area but also by direction of the wave propagation The equation obtained thru numerous measurements is 1410 4 218 0 03707 1 1455 0 0168h m s Fig l Sound Velocity AP 4 Research in waters throughout world has revealed that there is a difference of approximately 100 m s between the areas where the velocity is maximum and minimum Generally the velocity increases as follows provided that salinity den sity is constant e 3m secfor every 1 degree rise ofwater temperature e 1 7m sec for every 100m increase of water depth Absorption And Attenuation An ultrasonic wave emitted into water becomes weaker in intensity as it goes away from the emitting source Principle causes of attenuation are 1 Acoustic energy of the ultrasonic wave decreases gradually through reflection refraction and diffusion in water 2 Acoustic energy is absorbed by the viscosity of the medium water and converted into other forms of energy The higher t
31. er gain only against strong echoes such as the seabed or a large school of fish Since weak echoes remain unaffected a small school of fish becomes easier to detect DT SEA SURFACE SEABED ij D BP By Fish school a is discernible from the bottom echo with the ti a AGC ON AGC 0 5 10 7 4 Suppressing Seabed and Sea Surface Reflections in Shallow Fishing Grounds Reducing output power In shallow fishing grounds excessive sea surface and seabed reflections often interfere with wanted fish echoes and they can not be eliminated sufficiently with the aforementioned TVG and AGC controls In such cases try to reduce the output power by pushing the OUTPUT switch without turning down the gain The picture becomes more clearer when output power is reduced rather than when the gain is decreased as illustrated below 36 5 Rejecting Sonar Interference and Noise Turning on the NOISE LIM IR switches You may encounter occasional or intermittent noise and interference as shown below These are mostly caused by on board electronic equipment engine or propeller noise or electrical noise from other sonars being operated nearby Interference Noise Interference Noise Noise by other from sonar by other electric boat s propeller gears To eliminate noise effectively you should first identify the noise source Turn on and operate all on board equipment one by one whi
32. for quick echo tracking 6 Wide vertical beamwidth selection is available at the range scale of 400m or shorter It reduces the undetected area 2 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION The CH 32 consists of the following units RECTIFIER PR 1100 DISPLAY UNIT LOUDSPEAKER SHIP S MAINS 100 15 200 230V CH 322 0654038 7M DPYCS 1 25 TRANSCEIVER UNIT SHIP S MAINS CH 321 24 32V de MOTION SENSOR MS 100 TO DISPLAY UNIT NF yo 506 6 10 m 0654050 15 30 50 70 0654051 5M poun W HULL UNIT gt K CH 326 3 A 2 B 2222 SHIP S MAINS RETRACTION TANK EA OPTIONAL SUPPLY STANDARD SUPPLY NOTES 1 Connector to be fitted at installation 2 Connector fitted at factory 3 Crimp on lug to be fitted at installation 4 OM Crimp on lug fitted at factory 5 Crimp on lug prepared and fitted locally 6 Cables Furuno supply 7777 locally 3 OPERATING CONTROLS MAIN PANEL DESCRIPTION selects display mode among the four kinds below _ Full circle PP Sonar Display EY PPI Sonar Display Historical Display Y Zoomed PPI Sonar Display expanded echo size 5 v Expanded PPI Sonar Display expanded detection range switches on and off the entire system and controls the transducer Each position func For details FUNCTION MODE PWR XDCR MODE PWR XDER
33. g ground is crowded with many fishing boats the sonar may pick up interference from ultrasonic equipment such as an echo sounder sonar etc on board other boats as well as those on board own ship Interference Noise Interference Noise Noise by other from sonar by other electric boat s propeller gears 31 8 EXAMPLE ACTUAL PICTURES The followings are illustrations based on the actual pictures from a fishing ground Illustra tions 1 thru 3 show the situations below surface at points B and C respectively The ship 15 turned around to oze ee i the port side e es y we Fish School 1 2 Point A gt 258 0 R 28 T Fish school 1 located Fish schoo 2 amp 3 This is the picture when the on the bottom is detect Ship is turned around to the able in the fore direction This is the picture when port side of the ship the boat is moving to Accordingly the bottom con point 8 tour shows that it is slant As before the forward area ing shallower in the fore From the above picture is than the aft but direction the fore direction of the the fish school is dis bottom is displayed ina played in the aft at this In this stage the fish schools weak echo color and time have separated into two schools tail and the aft direction is in a strong echo color From the lower picture you The separation is clearly ob with Short ec
34. gle for strongest fish school Monitor situation of both fish school and net school Fish school Scout boat AA D Leg 5 fish school Narrow the train area and track fish school Fish school Target Marker 6 Observe movement of fish school and scout boat Data fish school pointed by trackball marker Fish school Scout boat Adjust tilt angle and observe both screens Observe the net and the fish school in it Move the trackball _ Marker to target echo school Target Lock Off gt 02 Q Narrow the train area Observe seabed Change tilt angle and track fish school condition and tow net Seabed Fish school Fish school Outcrop Hi Target id Marker WI Ni Seabed Seabed or outcrop pointed by track ball marker Here comes fish school DO NOT FORGET TO RETRACT THE SOUNDOME BEFORE TURNING OFF THE POWER t 11 MAINTENANCE AND GENERAL NOTES Good performance depends on regular maintenance Following the guidelines below will keep the unit operating in top condition DISPLAY UNIT 1 Handle with care Corrosion may start even from a scratch 2 Don t check inside the unit because of high tension voltage which exists there 3 Allow space around the unit for ventil
35. he frequency the greater the absorption and attenuation of the ultrasonic wave as shown below In other words the absorption coefficient is a function of the frequency Generally total energy loss encountered on the way to and from a target is expressed TL dB 40logR 2GR where Range to a target Absorption coefficient 1204 f 2200 kHz t 64 5db km A f2200kHz d 33db km m E a OH E 2 a L ta a lt e Range m 16000 Refraction An ultrasonic wave transmitted in water does not travel straight but is more or less refracted This refraction is caused by the variation of propagation velocity in water If the velocity decreases temperature decreases with depth the top part of the wave front moves faster than its bottom part and gradually the front bends downwards In the same way it bends upwards if the sound velocity increases temperature rises with depth In other words the ultrasonic wave refracts toward colder water Water Depth Water Temp Water Depth Water Temp Distance Km Distance Km Here a fishing ground off Hokkaido island in Japan is taken as an example Seaface rr 818 Fish gt 1 School B small fish school _ Fishing Ground off Hokkaido Summer In summer there 15 a large difference in salinity density below and above the 100m deep point An ultrasonic wave emitted almost in the horiz
36. heck 2 on page 43 for the test signal Strongest Echo ON Magenta OFF Reddish brown Factory setting Color Echo Emphasis ON On OFF Off Factory setting ewe Range Echo Emphasis ON On _ _ OPP Off Factory setting _ _ ___ Width It increases reddish brown part of echoes in circular direction 6 __ ON 1000Hz Factory setting OFF 900Hz Unused 8 2 Switch 52 Descriptions TVG Com pensation It compensates for absorption attenuation of acoustic signal in water Use larger number setting when long range sensitivity is too low compared to short range and can not be corrected with the TVG LEVEL and TIME controls Target 7 ON Edge OFF Area Factory setting Lock Mode 8 ON Yes Factory setting OFF No Switch S3 Function No Descriptions Off center ON Trackball mark OFF Sector center Factory setting Trackball Mark Own ship mark is off centered to the trackball mark position Sector Center Own ship mark is off centered in the direction opposite to the sector center Target Lock ON Automatic Beamwidth Refer to the operator s manual for detail Sound Velocity Appendix RISTICS OF THE ULTRASONIC WAVE IN The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the charac teristics of the ultrasonic wave in water It is generally known that an ultrasonic wave travels 1500 meters p
37. ho tail also can know the fish schools served in the lower picture the bottom contour s oval are beginning to gather by shaped observing previous pictures This kind of display tells you that the bottom is slanting deeper in the fore direction 32 Other Pictures 65 B 70 76 38 PR Cm FAE Hard Bottom rock Stenn y Fish school the net Net 33 A typical picture of a wreck A ship separated in two is clearly discriminated and displayed from the bottom echo 40kHz AGC used The seabed is even but the material is quite dif ferent between the star board and port side This is known from the color display of the bot tom hard bottom red dish brown amp red soft bottom yellow amp green etc This picture shows the operation of a purse seiner at the fishing ground The net and the fish school in it can observed If you adjust the tilt angle the situa tion on the surface mid water and bottom of the net also can be seen 9 HOW OBTAIN QUALITY PICTURES 1 Gain Setting Most equipment malfunctioning claims result from improper setting of switches and controls For example fish fish habitat or outcrop can not be readily detected by merely increasing the gain Initially set the gain around the 5 position Then fine tune depending on the condition of the fishing ground frequency used etc Fe
38. inner or alcohol and never paint it 40 3 Replacement of the Grease Cotton Rings Replacement of the grease cotton rings is required every two years or when water penetrates along the main shaft For a ship whose waterline is higher than the flange level though water penetration into the ship is prevented by the O ring fitted at the bottom of the main body flange it is recommended to replace the grease cotton rings with the ship hauled up Main Shaft Grease Cotton Retainer E amp u Grease Cotton Ne 90 Cut diagonally the SE grease cotton into 4 pieces and place Z De them to the main shaft Align the junc o 18 4 8 tion points every 90 lt gt lt gt lt gt 41 p Do not tighten excessively c 7 O ring Main Body Flange 12 DIAGONOSTIC SELF CHECK The CH 32 incorporates the following check functions Operating Method 717 Display Check 1 While pressing key turn on power 2 Hull Unit Check While pressing key turn on power Display Unit Check 2 While pressing SCAN REV key turn on power Display Unit Check 1 The CPU checks memory ICs peripheral ICs operation panel and internal setting switches and displays the results as follows ROMARAMZPANEL SELF TEST MAIN CPU ROM RAM check In case of an abnormality NG will be dis MAIN CPU PANEL played instead of OK 065003600
39. le watching the picture Run the boat at various speeds to check if the noise is speed dependent If neither of the above two steps has no effect on the picture adjust the NOISE LIM IR controls 37 10 HINTS FOR FISHING Don t be afraid your results Lower soundome Search for fish TILT sw using After blinking remains lit GAIN 14 6 NOISE LIMITER 2 TVGCevel 4 time both 5 BOTTOM TRAWLING Use these settings initially Fine tune as necessary Power ON Lower soundome Screen 2004 Seng a o S MODE 6 7 52 528 T 10 WR Or After blinking remains iit Select the proper range and tilt angle GEERT GIIGIISGISSIGIISISISGG 0 0 00 9 6 9 9 0 09 IIS 0 9 03 03 0 9 5 99 5 9 0 3 III TS H gt 5 For bottom trawling sonar is usually used to detect net hangs ahead rather 8 than to detect fish close tb the bottom since seabed returns usually mask gt GC the weaker fish targets close to the seabed If the fish school is dense enough E o and off the seabed they can be detected by sonar a rann 39999099 0 9 09 00 09 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 09 0 9 V EE ECKER sy These examples give some helpful hints on how to use your sonar to experiment with control settings to optimize school by RANGE and Observe seabed on the 38 6 Change tilt an
40. m shape from experience When it appears further than or together with the bottom echo shallow water detection Tilt 10 Sector 60 AGC ON Fish school appearing together with the bottom echo can be recognized by turning on the AGC g Example of fish trace in manual training mode 26 3 Unwanted Echo Noise Interference Sea Surface Reflections Sound emitted from the sonar transducer forms a circle shaped beam with a width of approximately 12 degrees in the vertical direction vertical beam width The tilt angle is indicated by the angle between the center line of the beam and the horizontal plane Then if the tilt angle is set to 0 degrees the center line is parallel with the sea surface and one half of the emitted sound goes upward toward the sea surface This causes a half of the emitted sound to be reflected back toward the transducer and displayed on the screen as sea surface reflections When the sea is calm since the sound is reflected just like a light hitting a mirror at a narrow incident angle it propagates away and the sea surface reflections become neglible However if the sea is rough see surface reflections will become dominant and interfere with observation of wanted echoes To minimize these sea surface reflections and to search surface fish schools effectively the tilt angle is usually set to 5 6 degrees so that the upper portion of the beam becomes almost parallel with
41. m tracks either end of the fish school without scanning the transducer stops training whenever an echo above the red level is detected and trains again when it disappears resulting that the sounding beam follows the movement of the front or back end of the fish school Note that the display area is 6 only The entire area of the fish school is tracked and The shaded area is not displayed 24 Fish Movement Mode EDGE Mode Target Lock Sounding Beam Control In the target lock function the sounding beam can be controlled by DIP switch S3 4 setting as follows See page AP 3 Operation Automatic Mode When the echo captured in the target lock func tion disappears the sounding beam is automat ically changed to wide vertical beam to extend IBeamwidth the detecting area After the echo is recaptured the beam is switched to narrow Manual Mode OFF The sounding beam is switched manually by the switch on the sub Panel Facto Note This function is available only when the narrow beam is selected 10 4 BASIC OPERATION PROCEDURE operating procedure of the 32 is shown below Turn on the Display Unit and lower the transducer MODE __PWR XDCR Adjust the brilliance of the CRT To extend the life ofthe do not set the brilliancet too high Select the range desired with the RANGE switch Select the automatic training area with the SEC
42. maged The zinc block attached to or near the transducer must be replaced yearly The junction between the transducer and main shaft may corrode which can result in loss of the transducer or water leakage inside the ship TABLE OF CONTENTS HANDLING PRECAVUTIONS 1 1 NEE 1 2 SYSTEM CONFIGVRATIOMN 2 OPERATING CONTROI MAIN PAMNEL 3 Sub PANEL EEN 4 Presentation Mode 5 Range Selection 6 IR Interference Fejector P 6 TILT Control 7 TRACKBALL Operation P 7 TARGET LOCK Function E 9 4 BASIC OPERATION ssccrecsecesecsssccnussccensvescusnenseedseesenansnensesecenectarerenseescence 11 tele 11 Setting the Tilt Anqle 12 Seabed echo vs Tilt Angle 12 Example of How to discriminate Fish Echoes from the Geabed eese 12 Points to Consider 13 Sounding LEI 13 5 USEFUL OPERATIONS 18 Speed up Of the Sounding 18 Tracking Echoes 18 Echoes go out of the Detection Ranqe 18 Observing Echoes in Detall EE 18 6 INDICATORS ON THE 19
43. nd the trackball mark jumps to the outer zone maker 4 Move the outer zone marker to the alarm end range b the trackball 5 Press the ALARM key to complete the alarm zone set ting 6 To cancel the alarm function press the ALARM key Alarm Mark Outer Zone Marker Inner Zone Morker Zone Setting Screen Off center function is available for the PPI Historical Zoomed and Expanded modes Press the OFF CENTER key and the own ship s position is off centered to the opposite direction against the sector center NOTES 1 For off centering by the trackball marker loca tion set the DIP SW 53 3 to ON See page AP 3 2 Off center function is not available in the nor mal PPI mode 3 In the PPI Historical mode the off center function works only in the fore aft direction TARGET LOCK Function The target lock function tracks a fish school appearing in a predetermined target lock zone To illustrate howit works suppose that the hatched area shown in the figure below is the target lock zone and the fish school detected at A moves toward With the target lock function ON the target lock 55 activated at A and the transducer is trained automatically following the movement of the fish toward If no target echo is found in hatched area target lock doesn t function Sector area 90 Note that the fish school can be tracked only whenit moves horizon
44. on instantly at every press of the key This is valuable for Page 18 quick echo tracking shifts the own ship s position to expand the fish size in the ZOOM mode or the detec page 8 tion range in the EXP mode Pages 7 8 i moves the trackball marker The trackball mark data i e slant range horizontal range depth and bearing to the mark are always indicated on the screen Additionally this control is used to position the R B Range Bearing marker and set the alarm zone with the R B and the ALARM keys located above the trackball control R B ALARM CH 32 COLOR SEAACHUCHT SONAR Sub PANEL FUNC TION E HU RES COL BEAM Vertical AUDIO OUTPUT DESCRIPTION TARGET turns on off the target lock Pages LOCK function 9 1 adjusts panel illumination For details changes the background color of the display to compensate for lighting conditions Deep Blue gt Blue gt Black Response Color Curse T LOG enhances weak echo and is normally used 2 LINEAR downplays the weak echoes comparing with LOG It is effective to suppress the plankton layer SQUARE enhances the strong echoes comparing with LINEAR 15 1 resulting in clear and easy reading picture selects N narrow for general use W wide for fish which swims up and down at high speed W is available at the rang
45. onds to the hatched area in the Mode 360 Training 120 fe 7 2 2 ei e 9 zr 2 G K DT S historical display This is recognizable from color indication of the markers L Eg gt YEL Ship s heading GRN Starboard side A 2 RED Port side echo 7 Port starboard Marker GM ILE z 222424 _ Z S SSS XX IMS nA yy gt V Ke SH ro 2772 DAN 2 1 7 gt A Et i 277240 A SA 7 a o d 224 1 A My 0 2 22222 222 Training Direction Marker a 4 Clockwise training 120 PPI screen corresponds to hatched area in the historical display area This is also recognizable from the color indications Starbord side echo Ship s heading Port side echo Clockwise training Counterclockwise training This area is obtained by the previous CCW training and cannot be seen on the PPI screen because it has already been renewed 24 Typical Echoes the Screen 1 Seabed When the tilt angle is set at some degrees with a full circle training setting the picture illustrated below will appear on the The seabed echo is presented on the screen as thick line which realisticall
46. ontal direction propagates within 100m deep water in the same way as a radio wave in waveguide Asa result even a small fish school is sometimes detected at an unexpected long range or on the contrary detection ofa large fish school does not extend to a relatively long range These phenomena are encountered when two fish schools lie in posi tions A and B of the illustlation The drawing below shows how temperature variation affects sound propagation with respect to different emitting directions tilt angles Beams tilted five and ten degrees bend upward at 400m and 600m points respectively Beams tilted down more than 15 degrees travel in almost straight lines Between the two beams a blind zone is created beyound the 600m point In this zone nothing can be detected The shown drawing is only an example calculated by a computer based on the temperature with depth as shown in the left column of the figure In actual fishing grounds the temperature distribution and subsequently the behavior of the sound beam is much more complicated It is therefore for effective use of sonar necessary to know at least roughly how the temperature is distributed in various waters 200 400 eco aco 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2209 8 depth m Adverse Effect Of Air Bubbles Even infinitesimal air bubbles m sea water liquid medium affect propagation of ultrasonic sound This is because the cubic elasticity of gas 1s extremely
47. rator can recognize the horizontal distribution of the fish school from the school s appearance on the screen a Surface Fish School No bottom echo is displayed Surface noise sometimes becomes dominant Tilt po sector 360 Sea Surface Reflections A surface fish school is sounded with a shallow tilt angle setting If the tilt is settled with the training stopped after detecting the fish school and the ship is approaching the school the fish school is traced on the historical display area as follows d Fish echo 26 b Midwater Fish School Tilt 159 Sector 360 the fish school adjust the 111 angle to keep the school in the center of the sonar beam This brings the echo closer to the screen center Historical display when the ship approaches a fish school Vide Sector A A px h 15 echo 41 4 Depending on the C n training sector a fish school is traced in a discontinuous or continuous wave shape Narrow It is created by the Sector difference of the depth B Fish echo from the soundome to the center and both edges of the fish school Typical echo trace when ship is stopped 27 Bottom Fish School When it appears before the bottom echo Tilt 40 sector 3 In this case it is sometimes difficult to see the fish school unless the bottom contour line is recognized clearly or the operator knows the botto
48. the sea surface When the sea is rough it is often set to a slightly higher AN SEA SURFACE THTO 129 SEA SURFACE Tilt Angle Surface Reflection not adjusted TILT 5 For 40kHz set narrow beam selection 29 Wake When setting the TILT to 0 109 A wake produced by own ship or another ship can be a strong reflecting object As the wake appears on the screen as a thick continuous line it can easily be distinguished from a fish school On the other hand the wake contains a lot of air bubbles which attenuate ultrasonic energy making it often difficult to sound beyond the wake TD Own Snip 5 AX propeller own ship when j X noise ship is turned 14 _ Tilt 0 107 by other ship False Echo by Sidelobe As noted before an ultrasonic wave is emitted only in the direction set by the TILT switch In practice however there are some emissions outside the main beam that are called sidelobes The energy of the sidelobe is fairly weak but when the sonar is used in compara tively shallow water with a high gain setting strong target echoes are detected by the sidelobe in addition to the detection by the main lobe These are represented on the screen as a false echo as shown below Bottom echo obtained by main lobe Main lobe prise echo by sidelobe 30 Noise and Interference When the fishin
49. two fish schools and are displayed on screen using three different tilt angles Case 2 3 Fish School Case 2 12 Sounding The employed beam in the equipment is as shown below Wide beam is recommended to detect the fish moves up and down rapidly and to reduce the undetected area in short range BEAM SELECTION 12 9 ell Beam Center Tilt Indication 13 A 21 H 201 H ng 28 DIER TTT ODIT L J J J AT a a TOT TILLT TL L L L J L A T TSLL T T L J J L ZZ ST ZZ TFT DELH 2 LC S A 066 X H 61 Uueeg epi ZHXOP 06 UR ILL LT L L L L J GAZA MA Y J J LZ UN J ILLIS LL L L A WILL T E SAT Xe TASS DINOS ZZ u L LL LET 4 A K ER TS SLA ala lak v f r v S HM r 8 s a et o o RADA at ESE DE CR EE EE DE DE et 7 lt lt 2 Da Ge
50. w fish found or difficult to find fish habitat Pull IR sw gt Gain 4 to 6 Noise Limiter 2 TVG Level 5 Time 5 Standard Setting 34 2 Eliminating Unwanted Feeble Echoes Applying Proper TVG Echoes from targets such as a seabed or a fish return to the transducer in order of the distance to them and when their intensities are compared at the transducer face those from nearer targets are generally stronger when their reflecting properties are nearly equal The sonar operator will be quite inconvenienced if these echoes are directly displayed on the screen since he won t be able to judge the actual size of the target from the size of echoes displayed on the screen To overcome this inconvenience use the TVG function It compen sates for propagation loss of sound in water amplification of echoes on short range is suppressed and gradually increased as range increases so that similar targets are displayed in similar intensities irrespective of the ranges to them In the CH 32 the TVG level and time controls compensate for propagation loss The effective distance is up to 2000m approximately Without TVG function Proper TVG setting Echoes of equal Size targets are Nearer target echoes appear in bigger size Reduce g in presented in the Noise caused by C or nearby same color and strong reflection areas using size of surface tur TVG bulence
51. y shows the bottom contour When the tilt angle is decreased the seabed trace becomes wider and weaker By observing the seabed condition on the screen the skipper can prevent the net from being damaged by a reef or a shipwreck a Flat Bottom The situation is the same as an echo sounder Tilt 902 M On the PPI screen Sector 3609 32 the bottom is traced as circle Bottom reno Circle straight Line b Flat Bottom Tilt 60 As the slant beam Sector 360 Strikes the bottom the echo trace of the bottom becomes a little wider Slant Bottom A shallow bottom Tilt 60 X side s displayed strong echo Sector 360 v C color and with T short tail The deeper bottom Side is displayed in weak echo color and with a long tail y s Bottom echo is traced in an oval shape on the PPI screen and wave shaped on the historical display screen 25 Reef Wreck A reef wreck is traced on the PPI screen as in dicated left Auto train mode A reef or wreck on the hitorical display appears as indicated left It provides better discrimination than the sonar screen NOTE Use the AGC function for clear echo display 2 Fish Schoo A fish school appears on the screen as a mass of echoes The color of the mass shows the density of the schools and the size of the mass shows how it is distributed The ope
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