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Epson LX-90 Parts User Manual

1. L a l H 000000 I K Y Y Ct l 9556 0000 m w pT y E LI Jl 0 E pis l jo00000000 Lee Y Y KIN T EI T LLC Figure 8 4 Arrow design After plotting all the dots as in Figure 8 4 you calculate the num bers for each pin pattern by dividing the design grid into separate print lines For the arrow design the grid was divided into three lines each seven dots high Then each column was examined and the sums of the pin values determined This process for the first line is shown in Figure 85 The pin values are on the left side and the sums are at the bottom of each column Because IBM Personal Computer BASIC will not send CHR 26 do not use that number in any of your graphics programs Those of you who have read the previous chapter will see that designing graphics is much like designing user defined characters 55 8 10 888888421000000000 23 4100 4100000000000000000082000 Figure 8 5 First line of arrow figure The numbers for the second and third lines were calculated in the same manner Once the numbers for the pin patterns are calculated they go in DATA statements separated by commas First is the whole program and its printout then an explanation of two techniques not used bef
2. 25 When you run the program your printout should match the one below showing that the two modes combine with no trouble This is standard printing E mp ha si zed expand ed A later section in this chapter explains a special ESCape code M as ter Select which allows you to control seven features with one ESCape sequence Underline Mode The LX 90 also has a mode that will underline characters and spaces You turn it on with ESCape 1 and off with ESCape 0 Note that the underline code is like the expanded code in that it uses a character in this case the hyphen or minus sign combined with numeral one to turn it on and a character combined with the numeral zero to turn it off You can see it in action with the following program NEW 10 LPRINT This text is not underlined 20 LPRINT CHR 27 1 30 LPRINT This text is underlined This is not underlined This text is underlined As shown in the printout above the underline mode is continuous but some word processing and other applications programs produce an underline that leaves small gaps in the line as demonstrated in the printout below This uses the underline character If your software prints this type of underline it is using the LX 90 s underline character ASCII 95 not the underline mode Because the underline character is only five dots wide it does not fill the spaces between characters 26 Master Select The LX 90 has a specia
3. 250 LPRINT CHR 27 260 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 0 YOUR DATA NUMBERS 270 FOR K 1 TO 9 LPRINT F K NEXT K 300 LPRINT END So that you can see how the program works the next paragraphs present the steps used to create the symbol for Mercury First is the grid used to design the character 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 123456789 Figure 7 4 Design for character 36 Running the program Now run the program For each of the nine columns the program asks for the numbers of the rows in which you want dots to appear Enter the row numbers one at a time pressing the ENTER key after each one When you have entered all the numbers for a column or when you want no dots in a column press ENTER without a number Remember that the vertical lines in the grid are the even numbered columns To see Program 1 produce the character in Figure 7 4 run the pro gram and follow these instructions When the screen message asks what rows have dots in the column 1 respond with ENTER to indi cate that no dots go in that column For column 2 the vertical line press 7 ENTER 5 and ENTER again to indicate that you want dots in rows 7 and 5 Then press ENTER alone to indicate that no more dots go in column 2 For column 3 press 8 6 4 and 2 with an ENTER after each of them Then press ENTER to finish with column 3 and go on to column 4 For column 4 press ENTER only The rest of the directions
4. Near Letter Quality Mode ESC x 1 Turns NLQ mode ON ESC x 0 ESC a Turns draft mode ON Activates NLQ justification modes Character Width Pitch ASCII 15 ASCII 18 ASCII 14 ASCII 20 ESC M ESC P Turns compressed mode ON Turns compressed mode OFF Turns one line expanded mode ON Turns one line expanded mode OFF Turns elite mode ON Turns elite mode OFE ESC WO Turns either expanded mode OFF ESC W1 Turns continuous expanded mode ON Character Weight ESC E ESC F ESC G ESC H Turns emphasized mode ON Turns emphasized mode OFF Turns double strike mode ON Turns double strike mode OFE C 1 Print Enhancement ESC so ESC SI ESC 7 ESC 0 ESC 1 Turns superscript mode ON Turns subscript mode ON Turns either script mode OFF Turns underline mode OFF Turns underline mode ON Mode and Character Set Selection ESC n Master select ESC 6 ESC 7 ESC Returns to standard character mode Selects alternate character mode Reset code Special Printer Features ESC 25 ESC 5 ESC lt ESC UO ESC ul ESC so ESC sl Enables and disables the optional cut sheet feeder Selects or cancels automatic line feed Turns one line unidirectional mode ON Turns continuous unidirectional mode OFE Turns continuous unidirectional mode ON Returns to normal speed Turns half spe
5. The next addition to the program cancels elite with ESCape P and turns on compressed with ASCII 15 30 LPRINT CHRS 27 P CHRS 15 19 Now run the program to see the line printed in compressed mode ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ V abcdefghi Cancelling Codes As you saw in the third version of the print pitch program you must cancel a code when you don t want it any more With very few exceptions the LX 90 modes stay on until they are cancelled It is important to remember this because an LX 90 mode can stay on even if you change from BASIC to another type of software For example if you run the program above and print a memo with a word process ing program afterward the memo is printed in compressed because the printer is still in compressed mode To cancel compressed use ASCII 18 In BASIC you use this format LPRINT CHR 18 To avoid having one program interfere with the printing modes of another you can cancel a mode one of two ways e With a specific cancelling code such as the ESCape P used above to cancel elite and the ASCII 18 to cancel compressed Each mode has a cancelling code which you can find in the discussion of the code and in Appendix B Pica is an exception to this rule To cancel pica turn on elite or compressed By resetting the printer a method explained in the next section Resetting the Printer Resetting your LX 90 cancels all modes that are turned on You can reset the printer with o
6. 21 22 A4 AS A amp A9 Can also be set with SelecType or a DIP switch Justification Test pattern 3 4 User Defined Characters Nine pin graphics See Graphics NLQ See Near Letter Quality 0 ON LINE light and button B E2 E3 See also SelecType F 3 Page top of 21 Page formatting See formatting Pane buttons selecting typestyles with See SelecType Paper length D2 Paper out light 5 Paper out sensor DIP switch control of D3 Perforation See Skip over perforation PIC See Printer Interface Cartridge Pica mode 14 15 19 22 Pins numbering of Pitch comparison ta epa See also Pica Elite Compressed Power light Preparation See Set up operations Print head 13 and dot graphics 46 47 Print mode combinations 25 28 Print pitch summary table Printer Interface Cartridge PIG 3 4 Program sings f R Ready light Reset code with user defined characters 39 Resetting the printer 20 21 Right margin See Margins F 4 SelecType feature 7 12 cancelling functions with E2 E3 troubleshooting E2 E3 Self test See Test pattern Set up operations for printer 3 6 Single sheet printing Skip over perforation Spacing See line spacing Spreadsheets See commercial software String variables in graphics 57 58 Subscript mode Superscript mode Switches See DIP switches Tabs C3 Test pattern 3 4 Top of page Troubleshooting El E7 Underline mode 26 28 Unidirectional mod
7. 222 DE 223 DF Dec Hex Char 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 EX r Tr z di H 255 FF none A 3 Standard Character M ode NLQ Dec Hex Char 0 00 1 01 2 02 3 03 4 04 5 05 6 06 7 8 9 A 4 none none none Dec Hex Char 20 blank 32 33 34 21 22 Yo amp JV WA tc Dec Hex Char 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 A B VMoVMmoZzz rr A o THU JA NIZ lt XE lt CA0NM Dec Hex Char 96 60 97 61 98 62 99 63 100 64 101 65 102 66 103 67 104 68 105 69 106 6A 107 6B 108 6C 109 6D 110 6E 111 6F 112 70 113 71 114 72 115 73 116 74 117 75 118 76 119 77 120 78 124 79 122 7A 123 7B 124 7C 125 7D 126 7E 127 7F none A ANEXEEEAULODODB FA O 000009 Standard Character Mode NLQ Dec Hex Char 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 197 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 80 81 82 83 9B 156 9C 157 9D 158 9E 159 9F o H PAKO COM C 0 O O Oo Em Y E De DX e F F D 0 Q lt O 0 D mM D Dec Hex Char 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 AO 177 B1 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 B2 B9 H Y A We J 10510
8. 93 in elite 0 133 in compressed 0 156 in compressed elite ESC 115 73 s Selects the print speed Half speed mode can be employed to reduce noise Format ESC s n where n toggles half speed on and off so that 1 produces 50 cps while 0 produces 100 cps ESC 120 78 x Selects draft or NLQ mode ESC x 0 selects draft ESC x 1 selects NLQ ESC x0 and ESC x1 will also work B 8 Control Key Chart Some applications programs can use control key codes for decimal values O 27 The table below gives you the proper values The Control key column indicates that you press the control key at the same time you press the key for the letter or symbol in that column For example you press the control key and A at the same time to send the value 1 Some programs that use this system cannot use control Decimal Hexadecimal Control key 0 00 01 A 2 02 B 3 03 C 4 04 D 5 05 E 6 06 F 7 07 G 8 08 H 9 09 10 0A J 11 0B K 12 0C L 13 0D M 14 0E N 15 OF 0 16 10 P 17 11 Q 18 12 R 19 13 S 20 14 T 21 15 U 22 16 V 23 17 W 24 18 X 25 19 Y 26 1A Z 27 1B B 9 Appendix C Control Codes by Function This appendix shows the control codes that are in A ppendix B but this time they are arranged by categories This appendix enables you to find a particular code quickly but does not give all the details on the format and use of each code See Appendix B or the appropriate chapter for further information
9. 69 ESC 70 ESC 71 ESC 72 42 43 43 44 45 46 47 48 CO Sets up to 16 vertical tabs in the current line spacing Tab settings are not affected by sub sequent changes in line spacing Format ESC B nl n2 nk 0 where nk 1 255 Terminate this tab sequence with 0 or a number less than the last defined tab nk Sets the form length ton lines in the current line spacing The default line is 66 lines Also resets top of form Format ESC C n where n l 127 Sets the form length to n inches regardless of the current line spacing The default is 11 inches Also resets top of form Format ESC C On wheren 1 22 Resets the current tabs and sets up to 32 hori zontal tabs in the current pitch Tabs may range up to the maximum width for the character and printer size For example the maximum tab for pica characters on an 8 inch line is 79 Tab set tings are not affected by subsequent changes in pitch Format ESC D nl n2 nk 0 Terminate this tab sequence with 0 or a number less than the last defined tab nk Turns emphasized mode ON Cannot mix with elite or compressed modes Turns emphasized mode OFF Turns double strike mode ON Cannot mix with NLQ Turns double strike mode OFF B 5 ESC 74 4A J ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC B 6 75 4B K 76 4C L 77 4D M 78 4E N 79 4F 0 80 50 P Forces an immediate line feed of n 216 inches without c
10. ESCape 2 returns it to I 6 inch In addition there are commands to specify the line spadng in 72nds of an inch and 216ths of an inch If you need to make such fine adjust ments in the line spadng see Appendix B for the proper commands In the chapter on dot graphics you will see how useful changes in line spacing can be Paper Out Sensor Under the platen the black roller of your LX 90 printer is a small Switch that senses whether or not paper is in the printer When the end of the paper passes this switch it triggers a signal that sounds the beeper and stops your printing This saves wear on your print head ribbon and platen but because of the distance between the switch and the print head it stops the printing about 2 inches from the end of the page Therefore if you use single sheet paper in your LX 90 you can t print on the last two inches of each page without an adjustment If you need to print on the last two inches of single sheet paper there are two solutions send the printer an ESCape 8 or change one of the switches described in Appendix D Then the printer will ignore the paper out signal This will allow you to print on the last part of each page but be careful not to allow the LX 90 to print when there is no paper in it Justification with NLQ The NLQ Near Letter Quality mode offers a justification com mand that gives you four choices in the formatting of your text The command is ESCape a followed by one
11. WIDTH 1 255 And for the programs in this manual don t forget to use PRINT 1 instead of LPRINT There is no easy solution to the problem with CH R 26 It is best to change any instance of decimal 26 hex 1A in your programs to another number Appendix B Control Codes in Numeric Order Different programs use different methods to send these control codes to your LX 90 If you use BASIC you send a control code using LPRINT CHR 27 followed by CHR n where n is a number from the decimal Dec column below For a few codes those with a dash in the ESC column you omit the ESCape code For the codes above decimal 27 you can use either the character in the symbol column in quotation marks or CH R n For example the command for turning on emphasized can be entered as LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 69 or LPRINT CHRS 27 E Some applications programs can use control key codes for decimal codes O 27 See the control key chart at the end of this appendix for a complete list of control key values Abbreviations cpi characters per inch Cps characters per second ESC Dec Hex Symbol Function 0 00 NUL Terminates horizontal and vertical tab setting ESCape sequences 9 09 HT Horizontal tab Empties the printer buffer then moves the print head to the next tab stop Default setting is every eight spaces 10 OA LF Line feed Empties the printer buffer performs a line feed at the current line spacing and resets the buffe
12. an inch fires the top pin moves another 1 60th of an inch and fires the top pin once more to finish the letter All this happens in only I IOOth of a second Figure 3 7 A cepital T 13 Changing Pitches In addition to pica in which thereare 10 characters per inch the LX 90 can also print in other widths or pitches It does so by reducing the distance between pin firings In the elite mode it prints 12 charac ters per inch and in the compressed mode it prints slightly more than 17 characters per inch The pattern of the dots is not changed but the horizontal space between them is reduced Figure 3 2 shows enlargements of four sample lettersin each of the three pitches These letters are chosen to show how the LX 90 prints letters that are uppercase and lowercase wide and narrow and with and without descenders the bottom dots of the j and y This is pica Figure 3 2 The three pitches orthe LX 90 The dot pattern of each character is carefully designed so that in pica no dot overlaps another The reason isthat in normal high speed printing the pins cannot fire and retract and fire again quickly enough to print one dot overlapping another 14 NLQ Mode The preceding examples are in the LX 90 s draft mode but the LX 90 also has the high quality NLQ Near Letter Quality mode that you have seen in previous chapters The NLQ letters are more fully formed than the draft letters because they are made up of many mor
13. assume that you know to press ENTER after each number and one extra time to end the entries for each column For column 5 enter 6 4 3 2 and 1 For column 6 press ENTER only for column 7 enter 8 6 4 and 2 for column 8 enter 7 and 5 and for column 9 press ENTER only Now wait a moment for your computer to calculate the dot pat terns and your LX 90 to print the new character in two different type styles Your printout also gives you nine numbers which you will use in the next program You should get the printout you see below YOUR CHARACTER IN FICA 59 IN EXFANDED EMPHASIZED FICA ge YOUR DATA NUMBERS o BO 170 0 47 o 170 BO D When you get to this point with a character of your own you see how it looks and whether or not you like it If you want to make any changes move the dots on the grid as needed and re run the program If you want to put dots in the bottom row change the number in line 190 from 128 to 0 Then the usable rows will be as shown in Figure 7 5 37 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 123456789 Figure 7 5 Using the bottom eight rows Definition program 2 Once the character looks right type in the next program The pro gram as listed creates the symbol for M ercury but you can use it for any characters you create if you make one or two changes explained after the program listing NE 90FOR P 58 TO 63 LPRINT CHRS P NEXT P 95 LPRINT 100 K 1 IF K gt 3 THEN A 58 ELSE A 60 110 LPRINT CH
14. at each column individually you can see how the data numbers are calculated NLQ definition program 1 Now type in and run the following program It has the data num bers for the musical design For a character of your own change the data numbers in lines 130 150 42 NEW 10 LPRINT CHRS 27 x CHRS 1 20 LPRINT CHR 27 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 30LPRINT CHR 27 CHR 1 CHRS 0 AOLPRINT CHRS 27 CHRS 50 LPRINT CHRS 0 CHRS 12 CHRS 0 60FOR X 1 TO 36 70 READ C LPRINT CHR C 80 NEXT X 90 LPRINT YOUR CHARACTER IN PICA lt lt lt 100 LPRINT IN EXPANDED EMPHASIZED PICA 110 LPRINT CHR 27 lt lt 120 LPRINT CHR 27 CHRS 0 BODATA 0 1 0 0 3 0 128 0 3 128 7 255 0 MODATA 4 128 0 4 128 0 4 130 0 4 135 0 150 DATA 4 135 0 7 253 0 0 0 0 0 0 O YOUR CHARACTER IN PICA nnn IN EXPANDED EMPHASIZED PICA pan When you run this program for your own character you find out whether or not it looks right If it doesn t move the dots as needed recalculate and change the data numbers and run the program again NLQ definition program 2 When you are satisfied with the character you have created enter and run the next program Use your data numbers instead of the ones in lines 130 150 If you want to define more than one character change line 10 so that J equals the total number of characters you are defining the maximum is six
15. be your guide to the best baud rate for each program Switch 2 1 controls the printing of zeroes When it is ON the zeroes are slashed 0 when it is OFF they are not Switch 2 2 is not used It must remain OFF Switch 2 3 controls line feeds When it is ON the LX 90 adds an auto matic line feed to each carriage return when it is OFF it does not If your printing has an extra space between lines turn the switch OFF If all the lines of your printing are on top of each other turn the switch ON Switch 2 4 enables the beeper to sound when it is OFF when it is ON the beeper cannot sound D 3 INDEX A Alternate character mode Al A6 A9 D3 American Standard Code for Information Interchange See ASCII Applications programs See Commercial software Artpak ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 16 codes listed for all characters Al A9 Automatic test See Test pattern Automatic line feed D3 BASIC programs how to run BASIC IBM PC E6 E7 Baud rate D3 Beeper Bold modes See Double strike Emphasized C Cancelling codes 20 22 Changing pitches Characters printed by the LX 90 Al A9 CHR CHR 27 See ESCape code Codes See ASCII codes Control codes ESCape code cancelling 20 E2 E3 Commercial software 6 d 45 46 installation Compressed mode 14 19 22 D2 Can also be set with SelecType or a DIP switch compressed elite Computer printer connection M Control co
16. emphasized anything you print after that will be emphasized unless you first turn the printer off and back on If you like NLQ or compressed well enough to use it most of the time you can turn it on and keep it on with a spedal switch in the back of your printer See Appendix D for instructions For more information on the SelecType typestyles see Chapters 3 4 and 5 12 Chapter 3 Elements of Dot Matrix Printing and Computer Printer Communications This chapter is for those of you who want to know something about how your printer works It s a simple non technical explanation of the basics of dot matrix printing that will help you understand some of the later chapters particularly the ones on user defined characters and graphics The Print H ead The LX 90 uses a print head with nine pins or wires mounted verti cally Each time a pin is fired it strikes the inked ribbon and presses it against the paper to produce a dot This dot is about 1 72nd of an inch in diameter The size varies slightly depending upon the age of the ribbon and the type of paper used As the head moves horizontally across the page these pins are fired time after time in different patterns to produce letters numbers symbols or graphics For example to print a pica capital T the head fires the top pin moves 1 60th of an inch fires the top pin again moves 1 60th of an inch fires the top pin and the six below it at the same time moves 1 60th of
17. exercise could be a program that prints a single column of dots but it is difficult to see the pattern in a single column of dots so your first graphics program prints the same pattern 40 times The first line is the code for 40 columns of single density graphics As usual the example is in BASIC but you can adapt it to the pro gramming language you prefer NEW 10 LPRINT CHRS 27 K CHRS 40 CHRS 0 The second line is the data that is printed as pin patterns Be sure that you type in the semicolons in both lines 20 FOR X 1 TO 40 LPRINT CHR 74 NEXT X That s it Run the program to see the result below Although it is not as interesting as the examples at the beginning of this chapter it does allow you to see exactly how the mode works 49 WIDTH Statements Some software including IBM Personal Computer BASIC auto matically inserts the control codes for a carriage return and a line feed after every 80 130 characters This insertion is usually no problem with text but it can spoil your graphics In the graphics mode it may insert the control codes in the middle of a line You can usually prevent these unwanted control codes with a WIDTH statement The format in BASIC is shown below WIDTH LPT1 255 Put a WIDTH statement in one of the first lines of all your graphics programs It is easier to put a WIDTH statement in all of your pro grams than to examine each one to see whether or not such a state ment is neces
18. in this short program In a long program it can save you much more time and effort 58 Appendix A LX 90 Characters This appendix is a listing of the characters produced by the decimal codes from 0 through 255 For each code the listing provides the deci mal number Dec the hexadecimal number Hex and a printout of the character that is printed by that code Char If the code does not produce a printable character the word none or the abbreviation for its control code is in the Char column This listing is given four times standard draft standard NLQ alter nate draft and alternate NLQ The alternate character mode can be selected with a DIP switch see Appendix D or an ESCape code see Appendix B The codes for printer instructions such as expanded and empha sized printing are in Appendix B A I Standard Character Mode D raft Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char 0 00 none 3220 blank 6440 amp 96 60 01 none 33 21 65 41 97 61 a 2 02 noe 3422 6642 HB 98 62 b 3 03 Y 35 23 6743 99 63 c 4 04 3624 68 44 D 10064 d 5 05 3725 6945 E 10165 e 6 06 4 38 26 2 7046 E 10266 f 7 07 3927 71 47 6 10367 q 8 08 4028 7248 H 10468 h 9 09 HT 41 29 73 49 I 10569 i 10 OA LF 42 2A a 74 4A J 106 6A j 11 0B VT 43 2B 75 4B E 1076B k 12 0C FF 44 20 76 4C 1086C 1 13 0D CR 45 2D 77 4D M 1096D m 14 OE SO 46 2bE 78 4E N 1106E n 15 OF SI 47 2F 794F D 1116F o 16 10 gt 4830
19. is well worth it Indeed you may want to use empha sized instead of the NLQ mode for some purposes because emphasized printing is faster than NLQ printing The code to turn off emphasized is ESCape F Double Strike The other bold mode is double strike For this mode the L X 90 prints each line then moves the paper up slightly and prints the line again Each dot is printed twice with the second one slightly below the first as you can seeif you run this program which uses ESCape G to turn on double strike 10 LPRINT This is standard printing 20 LPRINT CHR 27 G 30LPRINT This is double strike printing 100 LPRINT CHR 27 Q This is standard printing This is double strike printing Unlike emphasized double strike combines with any draft pitch but not with NLQ because it does not overlap dots horizontally Since each line in this mode is printed twice the speed of your printing is slowed The code to turn off double strike is ESCape H Some users prefer the effect of emphasized and others prefer double strike You can look at the printout below and decide for your self This is standard printing this is emphasized printing and this is double strike printing 24 Expanded Mode Perhaps the most dramatic mode on the LX 90 is expanded It pro duces extra wide characters that are good for titles and headings For this mode the dot pattern of each character is expanded and twice as man
20. its Read Only Memory Although this number includes draft Near Let ter Quality international and graphics characters sometimes you would like to have a few more For those occasions when you need a special character or a few letters in a different typeface the LX 90 allows you to create your own characters and print them just as if they were ordinary letters Defining Your Own Characters The printout below displays a few such characters to give you an idea of what can be done but remember that you can create whatever you need or want JA e v It may seem that designing a character and telling the LX 90 how to print it would be extremely complicated but in this chapter the task is reduced to a simple three step process planning your character run ning one program that tests your work and calculates the required DATA numbers and running another program to put the character in your printer s Random Access Memory RAM for use whenever you need it Because the high resolution NLQ Near Letter Quality mode uses many more dots per character than the draft mode defining NLQ characters is somewhat more complex than defining draft characters You will find the programs for defining NLQ characters at the end of this chapter After you have created your own characters you can re program seldom used keys to generate the user defined characters For exam ple you will be able to type to print R 33 Your user defined character
21. know which code your graphics program uses a little experimentation should tell you whether the reassigning code can improve your graphics printouts Column Reservation Numbers Now that you ve seen the rest of the 8 pin graphics densities and the reassigning code this section explains in more detail the part of the graphics command that reserves the number of columns for graphics the numbers nl and n2 in the examples If you need fewer than 255 columns of graphics n1 is the number of columns you want and n2 is zero As you can seein Table 8 1 how ever a single line will hold as many as 1920 columns in quadruple density Specifying more than 255 is where the second number slot n2 fits in The first number that you send n1 indicates a number of columns but the second does not represent a number of columns it is multiplied by 256 and added to n1 The command for the maximum number of dots you can reserve on the LX 90 then is CHRS 27 Z CHR 128 CHRS 7 or in the other format CHRS 27 CHRS 3 CHRS 128 CHR 7 which is 128 dots plus 7 times 256 dots for a total of 1920 dots in one row 53 Once you have chosen the number of columns you want to use you can have your program do the calculations for you with the fol lowing format CHRS 27 L CHR N MOD 256 CHR INT N 256 N is the total number of columns you want to specify The MOD modulus function calculates the value for n1 and the INT i
22. of columns you are reserving and make n2 a zero Pin Labels Once you put the printer into graphics mode and reserve the num ber of columns you want your next step is to tell the print head which pins to fire in each column There are 256 possible combinations of eight pins and you send only one number for each column The num bering system that allows you to use a single number to specify which of the 256 possible patterns you want is shown in Figure 8 Figure 8 1 Pin labels To fire any one pin you send its number To fire more than one pin at the same time add up the numbers of the pins and send the sum to the printer With these labels for the pins you firethetop pin by sending 128 To fire the bottom graphics pin you send 1 If you want to fire only the top and bottom pins you simply add 128 and 1 then send 129 By adding the appropriate label numbers together you can fire any combination of pins Figure 8 2 shows three examples of how to calcu late the number that will fire a particular pattern of pins Figure 82 Calculating numbers for pin patterns With this numbering system any combination of the eight pins adds up to a decimal number between 0 and 255 and no numbers are duplicated Now that you know the principles of Epson graphics you re ready for two simple exercises more densities and then something more complex as a basis for writing your own programs First Graphics Program Your first graphics
23. print almost any picture you can imagine The Print Head and Graphics Chapter 3 told you a little about how the print head on the LX 90 prints letters it receives a code for a letter and then fires a pattern of pins to form that letter 46 In the main graphics mode however the LX 90 prints only one column of pins for each code it receives and it uses only the top eight of the nine pins Therefore your graphics program must send codes for dot pat terns one number for each column in a line For each of those columns the print head prints the pattern of dots you have specified To print figures taller than eight dots the print head makes more than one pass It prints one line then advances the paper and prints another just as it does with text To keep the print head from leaving gaps between the graphics lines as it does between the text lines the line spacing must be changed to eliminate the space between lines With a change in line spacing the LX 90 can print finely detailed graphic images that give no indication that they are made up of separate lines each no more than 8 72nd of an inch tall Each pass of the print head prints one piece of the total pattern which can be as tall or short and as wide or narrow as you desire You don t haveto fill the whole pageor even an entireline with your graphics figures In fact you can use as little or as much space as you like for a figure and put it anywhere on the page Gra
24. probably not do much of your printing using BASIC the demonstra tions are in BASIC because it is built into your PCjr so the examples are ones that every one of you can try You don t need to know anything about BASIC to type in and run these programs All the instructions you need are on the next page As you run the programs or even as you read the explanations and look at the printed examples you learn how the LX 90 responds to the messages your computer sends it by printing letters numbers symbols and graphics in various print modes Even if you never use BASIC again you will know the capabilities of your printer capabilities that can often solve your printing prob lems For example if you need a special symbol such as the scientific symbol for one of the planets you will know that you can turn to the chapter on user defined characters and create such a character If you don t want to do the exercises in BASIC you don t have to In most cases the software that you use for word processing business or graphics does the calculating and communicating with the 17 printer for you and all you have to know about the printer is how to turn it on and how to load paper If you need help with the installation program for your software see A ppendix E How to Run BASIC Programs If you want to know just enough about BASIC to run the dem onstration programs in this manual here s all you need For more information see the
25. program it may not have received enough data The printer expects a certain number of pin patterns determined by n1 and n2 in the graphics command It will wait patiently until the quota is full Note that 9 pin Graphics Mode requires two bytes for each column of graphics Data Dump Mode The LX 90 has a special feature that makes it easy for experienced printer users to find the causes of problems Called the data dump mode it gives a printout of exactly what codes reach the printer Enter this mode by turning on the power switch on the right side of the printer while holding down the FF and LF buttons at the same time The printer responds by printing the words Data Dump Mode Then when you run a program either an applications pro gram or one you have written in any programming language the LX 90 prints one or more lines Each line has three parts the line num ber four digits the hexadecimal codes up to 16 numbers and the guide section 16 characters at the end of each line except the last E 4 The hexadecimal numbers are the codes received by the printer and the guide section helps you find a certain place in the list of codes Each character in the guide section corresponds to one of the codes If the code is for a printable character that character is printed If the code is for a non printable character such as the ESCape code or the code for a line feed or carriage return a dot is printed Therefore if you ra
26. w 24 18 CAN 5638 D 88 58 X 12078 25 19 57 39 9 89 59 Y 123179 y 26 1A 58 3A t 905A Z 122 7 z 27 1B ESC 59 3B 91 5B t 123 7B t 28 10 60 3C 92 5C 124 7C l 29 1D al 6 3D 93 5D 1 125 7D 30 1E A 62 3E E 94 5E 126 7E 31 1F w 63 3F 7 95 5F 127 7F none A 6 Alternate Character M ode D raft Dec Hex Char 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 80 none none none Dec Hex C 160 A0 161 Al 162 A2 163 A3 164 A4 165 A5 166 A6 167 A7 168 A8 169 A9 170 AA 171 AB 172 AC 173 AD 174 AE 175 AF 176 BO 177 B1 178 B2 179 B3 180 B4 181 B5 182 B6 183 B7 184 B8 185 B9 186 BA 187 BB 188 BC 189 BD 190 BE 191 BF har a i n n a amp eMe core ct et Xe XD ouuo to 0M L bm Lol ocho o Lock oL ol at Dec Hex Char 192 C0 193 C1 194 C2 195 C3 196 C4 197 C5 198 C6 199 C7 200 C8 201 C9 202 CA 203 CB 204 CC 205 CD 206 CE 207 CF 208 DO 209 D1 210 D2 211 D3 212 D4 213 D5 214 D6 215 D7 216 D8 217 D9 218 DA 219 DB 220 DC 221 DD 222 DE 223 DF Dec Hex Char 224 E0 225 El 226 E2 227 E3 228 E4 229 E5 230 E6 231 E7 232 E8 233 E9 234 EA 235 EB 236 EC 237 ED 238 EE 239 EF 240 F0 241 F1 242 F2 243 F3 244 F4 245 F5 246 F6 247 F7 248 F8 249 F9 250 FA 251 FB 252 FC 253 FD 254 FE DO 3 TA Md ADR t r Hi Lom S 8
27. where n 0 255 B 3 ESC 53 ESC 54 ESC 55 ESC 56 ESC 57 ESC 60 ESC 58 ESC 63 ESC 64 ESC 65 B 4 35 36 37 38 39 3C 3A 3F 40 41 ESCape 5 1 causes the LX 90 to perform an automatic line feed with each carriage return ESCape 5 0 cancels ESCape 5 1 Selects standard character set if alternate character set has been previously selected See Appendix A for character set tables Selects alternate character set See Appendix A for character set tables Disables the paper out sensor Can also be dis abled with DIP switch 1 5 Enables the paper out sensor Can also be enabled with DIP switch 1 5 Turns one line unidirectional mode ON Prints each line from left to right Copies the ROM character set to RAM For mat ESC nl n2 n3 where nl n2 andn3 are all O They are included for future expansion The RAM char acter set must be activated with ESC Redefines one of the four alternate graphics codes K L Y or Z as one of the seven graphics density numbers used with the ESCape command Format ESC s n where s is K L Y orZandn is 0 6 Reset Code which resets the printer to its power up state including resetting top of page Clears all text and control codes from the print buffer Sets line spacing to n 72 inch n dot Format ESC A n where n 0 255 ESC ESC ESC ESC 66 67 67 68 ESC
28. 0 80 50 F 11270 p 1711 4 49 31 1 81 51 11371 q 18 12 DC2 50 32 2 8252 R 11472 r 19 13 I 5133 3 8353 5 11573 s 20 14 DC4 5234 4 84 54 11674 21 15 8 5335 5 8555 uW 11775 u 22 16 m 5436 amp 86 56 V 11876 y 23 17 ex 55 37 7 8757 W 11977 u 24 18 CAN 5638 8 88 58 X 12078 x 25 19 57 39 93 89 59 Y 12179 y 26 1A 58 3A 90 5A Z 1227A z 27 1B ESC 59 3B 91 5B 1237B 28 1C 60 3C 92 5C 12470 29 1D 61 3D 93 5D 1 125 7D 3 30 1E a 62 3E gt 94 5E 1267E 31 1F v 6 3F 95 5F _ 127 7F none A 2 Standard Character M ode D raft Dec Hex Char 128 80 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 136 88 137 89 138 8A 139 8B 140 8C 141 8D 142 8E 143 8F 144 90 145 91 146 92 147 93 148 94 149 95 150 151 152 153 96 97 98 99 154 9A 155 9B 156 9C 157 9D 158 9E 159 9F Dec Hex Char 160 AO 161 Al 162 A2 163 A3 164 M 165 A5 166 A6 167 A7 168 A8 169 A9 170 AA 171 AB 172 AC 173 AD 174 AE 175 AF 176 Bo 177 B1 178 B2 179 B3 180 B4 181 B5 182 B6 183 B7 184 B8 185 B9 186 BA 187 BB 188 BC 189 BD 190 BE 191 BF i 6 b n ne r4 a o 1 Nd E E out oc ALS uL IE omo o is Dec Hex Char 192 C0 193 C1 194 C2 195 C3 196 C4 197 C5 198 C6 199 C7 200 C8 201 C9 202 CA 203 CB 204 CC 205 CD 206 CE 207 CF 208 DO 209 D1 210 D2 211 D3 212 D4 213 D5 214 D6 215 D7 216 D8 217 D9 218 DA 219 DB 220 DC 221 DD
29. 19 ZZ Oe LOL RO Lo nd bh ok BE SX od Dec Hex Char 192 CO 193 C1 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 L r e414 F Fo brad kn reer ied Di ai IE w Ma Dec Hex Char 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 EO E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 e Ri nfa eK de Pe ND SS G O QD q a TAMA APR FF none A 5 Alternate Character Mode D raft Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char 0 00 none 32 20 blank 64 40 96 60 E 1 01 none 33 21 65 41 A 97 61 a 2 02 none 34 22 ji 66 42 E 98 62 b 3 03 35 23 67 43 99 63 c 4 04 36 24 E 68 44 D 10064 d 5 05 37 235 A 69 45 E 10165 e 6 06 38 26 amp 70 46 F 10266 f 7 07 39 27 71 47 G 10367 dg 8 08 40 28 72 48 H 10468 h 9 09 HT 41 29 73 49 I 10569 i 10 0A LF 42 2A 74 44 d 1066A j 11 OB VT 43 28 4 75 4B E 1076B k 12 0C FF 44 2C 76 4C hL 1086C 1 13 OD CR 45 2D 77 4D H 1096D m 14 OE SO 46 2bE 78 4E N 1106E n 15 OF SI 472F 7 79 4F 0 1116F a 16 10 P 48 30 o 80 50 F 11270 p 17 11 4 49 31 1 81 51 b 118 71 q 18 12 DC2 50 32 2 82 52 R 1472 r 19 13 51 33 3 83 53 5 11573 s 20 14 DC4 52 34 4 84 54 T 116 74 t 21 15 8 53 35 85 55 Uu 11775 u 22 16 am 54 36 amp 86 56 Y 11876 v 28 17 t 55 37 7 87 57 u 11977
30. 199 C7 200 C8 201 C9 202 CA 203 CB 204 CC 205 CD 206 CE 207 CF 208 DO 209 D1 210 D2 211 D3 212 D4 213 D5 214 D6 215 D7 216 D8 217 D9 218 DA 219 DB 220 DC 221 DD 222 DE 223 DF L L t ta 2 r r44 t F Ied Es ewm 6 NA F N W Dec Hex Char 224 EO 225 E1 226 E2 227 E3 228 E4 229 E5 230 E6 231 E7 232 E8 233 E9 234 EA 235 EB 236 EC 237 ED 238 EE 239 EF 240 FO 241 F1 242 F2 243 F3 244 F4 245 F5 246 F6 247 F7 248 F8 249 F9 250 FA 251 FB 252 FC 253 FD 254 FE Roe ES de re HU 2 o G wD qp a G Q dud 3 G 2 wo J 255 FF none A 9 Appendix E Troubleshooting and Advanced Features This appendix presents explanations of the LX 90 s advanced fea tures and solutions for possible problems If you have trouble or want to know more about some of the LX 90 features consult the appropri ate section in this appendix Installation of Commercial Software Programs Many commercial software programs require that you specify which printer you are using Because the LX 90 has many capabilities but is not listed on the menus of many software programs you may want to experiment a bit to see which choice will be best for your program A few examples may help For WordStar install the printer as a serial printer and as COM 1 with 1200 baud no parity 8 data bits and 2 stop bits Also use WordStar s install program to remove all codes from the initializa tion sequence Removing t
31. EPSON Printer Interface Cartridge for the IBM PCjr Operation Manual All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means mechanical photocopying recording or other wise without the prior written permission of Epson America Inc No patent liability is as sumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book Epson America Inc assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein Printout on page 45 courtesy of PalSoftware Corporation Los Angeles CA drawn using ArtPak Presentation System Artpak is a trademark of PalSoftware Corporation HomeWriter LX 90 and PIC are trademarks of Epson America Inc IBM is a registered trademark and PCjr is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation WordStar is a registered trademark of MicroPro International Corporation Copyright O 1985 by Epson America Inc Torrance California 90505 P8592021 Contents Introduction sss n n n n nnns 1 Installation and Operation Inserting the Printer Interface Cartridge Printing the Test Patterns Connecting the Printer to Your PCjr Control Panel aa tds pa eee aa hee w
32. Elite ABCDEFGHIJKLMnoparstuvwxyz 2 Press the ON LINE button the number of times indicated in the mode column Be sure that the printer beeps each time you press the ON LINE button 3 Press the FF button to set the typestyle 4 Press the LF button to turn SelecType off The control panel returns to its normal functions but the printer is off line 5 Press the ON LINE button and you are ready to print SelecType exercise You will probably use SelecType mainly with commercial software but since there are so many different commerdal software programs the sample exercises are in BASIC because it is built into the PCjr You don t need to know anything about programming for this exer cise because it is merely for practice If you would rather not use BASIC use your word processing or business program to create a short file or document of the type you will usually print If you do want to use BASIC for this exerdse simply turn on your computer and printer Then type the short program listed below Only the words inside the quotation marks are printed You can put anything you want there 10 LPRINT This is an example of 20 LPRINT LX 90 printing Now run the program by typing RUN and pressing ENTER or print your file or document by following the printing instructions of your software The LX 90 will print your example in standard single strike printing as shown below This is an example of LX 90 printing Now
33. O YOUR EPSON PRODUCT EXCEPT AS SET FORTH HEREIN SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON HOW LONG AN IMPLIED WAR RANTY LASTS AND SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU You may request information on how to obtain service under this warranty by contacting the Dealer from whom your Epson product was purchased or by contact ing Epson America Inc at the address printed below Epson America Inc Service Division 23155 Kashiwa Court Torrance CA 90505 213 534 0360 This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state
34. RS 27 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 120 LPRINT CHRS 27 5 CHRS 1 CHRS 0 130 LPRINT CHRS 27 a CHRS 0 CHRS A CHRS A 1 K 140 FOR 2 1 TO K 150 LPRINT CHRS 139 160 FOR X 1 TO 9 170 READ R 180 LPRINT CHRS R NEXT X 190 LPRINT CHRS 0 CHRS 0 200 NEXT Z 210 DATA 0 80 170 0 47 0 170 80 0 290 FOR P 58 TO 63 LPRINT CHR P NEXT P 300 IPRINT END To use program 2 for your own character or characters change the DATA numbersin line210 by substituting the numbers generated by program 1 If you have created more than one character put the DATA numbers for each character on separate lines as you see in the example on the next page 38 210 DATA 112 8 0 138 116 138 0 8 112 220 DATA 58 68 2 128 0 128 2 68 58 Check your work by making sure that there are nine numbers in each DATA line and that the numbers are separated by commas To define more than one character use the total number of charac ters you are defining instead of the 1 inline100 You can define as many as six characters at a time Just run program 1 several times and enter all the DATA numbers in program 2 Running the program When you run this second program it prints six characters then re defines some or all of them and prints them again as in the example below When printed by your own program the two lines provide you with a key to the characters your LX 90 will now print When you press the
35. RSTUVWXYZ M1 d Figure l l Test patterns Connecting the Printer to Your PCjr Before connecting the LX 90 be sure that all your computer equip ment is turned off Plug the PIC cable into the socke marked S in the back of your PCjr Now the printer can communicate with your computer Control Panel After connecting your LX 90 to your computer system turn on the printer and look at the control panel on the top Figure 1 2 Control panel You have already used the control panel for a special purpose printing the test patterns Here are the main functions of the lights and buttons on this panel The POWER light glows green when the power is on The READY light glows green when the printer is ready to accept data Don t worry if this light flickers somewhat during printing this flickering is normal The PAPER OUT light glows red when the printer is out of paper or the paper is loaded incorrectly The ON LINE light glows green when the printer can receive data In addition to the lights the control panel has three buttons ON LINE switches the printer between on line and off line status When the printer is on line the ON LINE light glows and the printer is ready to accept data The other two buttons FF and LF work only when the printer is off line when the ON LINE light is off If the ON LINE light is on press the ON LINE button before you use these e FF Form Feed advances contin
36. alled DIP for Dual In Line Package switches are in the back of your LX 90 printer These switches control a number of important printer functions Although the factory set tings are the best for most uses you may want to change some of them The design of the LX 90 gives you easy access to the switches which you can locate using Figure D l Figure D 1 DIP switch location D I Always turn the power OFF with the switch on the right side of the printer before you change the setting of any of these switches Any changes made while the power is on will be ignored until you turn the printer off and back on So set all switches with the power off Table D 1 shows you the functions of all the switches and the rest of the appendix explains each of them Table D I DIP switch functions Switch 1 CN O E T3 Acie E 1 6 Alternate Character set selection Baud rate selection See Table D 2 Pica Inactive 11 inches Active Standard Switch 2 No ON Function OFF a 0 slashed Zero character 2 Not used CR LF Automatic line feed CR only 2 4 Mute Beeper Active Note The factory setting of all these switches is OFF Switch 1 1 selects pica or condensed printing ON is condensed OFF is pica Regardless of the setting you can still select condensed with SelecType and either condensed or pica with ESCape codes Switch 7 2 selects draft or Near Let
37. and Subscript Page Formatting i nnne MITOS TIE Skip Over Perforation Line Spacing Paper Out Sensor Justification with NLQ User Defined Characters nn Defining Your Own Characters Designing Process Definition program 1 Running the program Definition program 2 Running the program Defining NLQ Characters LIENS c TP NLQ definition program 1 NLQ definition program 2 Introduction to Dot Graphics Dot Patterns The Print Head and Graphics Graphics Mode Pin Labels First Graphics Program WIDTH Statements MultipleLine Exercise Density Varieties Reassigning Code Column Reservation Numbers Designing Your Own Graphics String variables Appendixes A LX 90 Characters nnn mnn Standard Characte
38. and enter the extra data numbers 36 for each character 43 0 J 1 IF J gt 3 THEN A 58 ELSE A 60 0 LPRINT CHRS 27 x CHRS 1 0 FOR X 58 TO 63 LPRINT CHRS X NEXT X O LPRINT CHR 27 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 O LPRINT CHRS 27 3 CHRS 1 CHRS 0 0 LPRINT CHRS 27 4 CHRS 0 CHRS A CHRS A 1 J 0 FOR Y 1 TO J O LPRINT CHRS 0 CHRS 12 CHRS 0 0 FOR X 1 TO 36 READ C LPRINT CHR C 0 120 LPRINT END 130 DATA 0 1 0 0 3 128 0 3 128 7 255 0 140 DATA 4 128 0 4 128 0 4 130 0 4 135 0 150 DATA 7 135 0 7 253 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 lt gt A gt gt 2 When you run program 2 it prints six characters then redefines one or more of them and prints them again As with the draft charac ters you use this two line printout as a guide to the new characters your LX 90 will print You can use them with an applications program or a program you write yourself 44 Chapter 8 Introduction to D ot Graphics The dot graphics mode allows your LX 90 to produce pictures graphs charts or almost any other pictorial material you can devise Instead of using the standard letters and numbers the graphics mode prints dots column by column and line by line You plan where you want the dots to appear and then use a program to tell the LX 90 where to put them Because many software programs use dot graphics you may be ableto print pictures and graphs like the one
39. anes arsed Using Your Printer 6 T AA AA AAP SelecTvpe Operation Turning SelecType On Seeding typestyles SelecType exercise B Mode combination ni SelecType TIS Elements of D ot Matrix Printing and Computer Printer Communications ThePrintHead Changing Pitches NLQ Mode r ESCape and ASCII 16 LX 90 Features r rr Demonstration Programs How to Run BASIC Programs 18 Pica Printing 119 Changing Pitches 19 Cancelling Codes Resetting the Printer Pitch Comparison Near Letter Quality Mode Print Enhancements and Special Characters o Bold Modes Emphasized Mode DoubleStrike _ Expanded Mode Mode Combinations Underline Mode Master Sdect i ie erac e rir E RE Rs Superscript
40. arac ters do not use the bottom two rows a heavy line indicates the usual lower limit for an LX 90 character When you place your dots on this grid remember that dots cannot go on horizontal lines but they can go on vertical lines so long as they do not overlap any other dots As you design your characters draw the dots as large as you see them in the example on the left in Figure 7 3 If you draw them smaller you may have overlapping dots with out realizing it dot on horizontal line overlapping dots dot on horizontal line 123456789 123456789 Figure 7 3 Correct and incorrect designs If you do accidentally call for overlapping dots don t worry The program will still work but only one of the dots will be printed 35 Definition program 1 The BASIC program below will help you translate your design into a character your LX 90 can print Type it in now so that you can run it soon NE 100 DIM F 9 110 FOR I 1 TO 9 120 PRINT WHICH ROWS HAVE DOTS IN COLUMN I 130 INPUT R IF R 0 THEN 150 40 F I F I 2A R 1 150 IF R 0 THEN NEXT I ELSE GOTO 130 60 LPRINT CHR 27 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 170 LPRINT CHR 27 2 CHRS 1 CHR 0 180 LPRINT CHR 27 amp CHR 0 lt lt 190 LPRINT CHR 128 200FOR X 1 TO 9 210 LPRINT CHRS F X NEXT X 220 LPRINT CHR 0 CHR 0 230 LPRINT YOUR CHARACTER IN PICA 240 LPRINT IN EXPANDED EMPHASIZED PICA
41. d then ENTER to list the pro gram When you are completely through with one program and want to start another type NEW and press ENTER 18 In Chapter 3 you saw the enlargements of the three LX 90 pitches Now you ll learn how to produce them Pica Printing The first exercise is a simple three line program to print a sample line of characters in pica the standard pitch Enter this program 40FOR X 65 TO 105 50 LPRINT CHRS X 60 NEXT X LPRINT LPRINT Now run the program You should get the results you see below 10 pica characters per inch ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXYZ M acdefghi Changing Pitches Now you can try other pitches As explained in Chapter 3 the LX 90 uses the same pattern of dots for pica elite and compressed characters but it changes the horizontal spaces between the dots to produce the three different widths In elite mode there are 12 characters per inch and in compressed thereare 17 16 The LX 90 prints in elite when it receives the ESCape M command and prints in compressed when it receives the ASCII 15 command Print a sample line of elite characters by adding the line below to your previous program Simply type this line and press ENTER you do not need to retype the other lines 20 LPRINT CHR 27 M This line uses the command for elite ESCape M to turn on that mode When you run the program your printout should look like the one below ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ WV abcdefghi
42. data numbers Otherwise the program is a straightforward graphics program that uses dot line spacing and reads numbers from DATA statements and sends them to the printer If you want to see the figure in other densi ties change the Y in line 600 to L or Z String variables In a long and complicated graphics program typing in the graphics command or repetitive data numbers over and over can become time consuming You can avoid much of the repetitive typing by storing commands and data in string variables Look at the program below It is the same as the multipleline exer cise earlier in the chapter except for the string variables Hs 0 WIDTH LPT1 255 0 GS CHRS 27 K CHR 100 CHRS 0 0 AS CHRS 85 CHRS 42 0 BS CHRS 42 CHRS 85 0 LPRINT CERS 27 A CHRS 7 O FOR R 1 TO 3 O LPRINT GS 0 FOR X 1 TO 50 LPRINT A NEXT X 0 LPRINT 00 LPRINT GS 110 FOR X 1 TO 50 LPRINT B NEXT X 120 LPRINT NEXT R 130 LPRINT CHRS 27 HO OO TAD O1 gt CO N 51 Notice that the first line stores the whole graphics command in a single string variable In order to do this you must put plus signs between the elements of the command Once you have done this at the beginning of the program each time you enter LPRINT G you have issued the graphics command Lines 20 and 30 do the same thing with the data used in this program As you can see the use of string variables saves some typing even
43. de called the escape code This code signals that the next number is a code for a printer function and its name is usually printed with the first three letters capitalized Escape or it is abbreviated ESC or ESC In the demonstration programs in this manual you ll see how ASCII and ESCape codes are used in the BASIC programming lan guage e LPRINT signals that information is to be sent to the printer e The CHR character string function is used for numerical codes e CHRS 27 is the ESCape code e Quotation marks are used for printable characters such as letters of the alphabet Your word processing or business program may use other methods to send those codes such as pressing the ESC key for the ESCape code See your software manual for further information and use Appendixes A and B of this manual to find the proper codes Appen dix E also has some suggestions on using LX 90 features with applica tions software 16 Chapter 4 LX 90 Features The next four chapters describe many of the printing features of the LX 90 You can read these chapters if you wish but you may not need to Whether or not you use the rest of this manual depends upon your expertise your interest and the software you plan to use Demonstration Programs Along with discussion and examples of the LX 90 features these chapters indude demonstrations in the BASIC programming lan guage so that you can see these features in action Although you will
44. des data dumping in hexadecimal E4 EG listed by function CI C3 listed by number B1 B8 See also specific mades and functions Control Key Chart Control panel 3 6 Selecting typestyles with See SelecType Cut sheet feeder option D 2 F I Data dump mode E4 E6 Default settings 20 DIP switches DI D3 Dot graphics See Graphics Dot matrix printing 13 15 Double strike mode elecType Can also be set wit Draft mode E D2 in Dumping data exadecimal E4 E6 Elite mode 14 15 19 22 Can also be set with SelecType Emphasized mode 23 28 Can also be set with SelecType ESCape code listed by function C1 C3 listed by number B1 B8 Expanded mode 25 27 FF form feed E2 E3 Formatting page 29 32 Fundion switches See DIP switches G Graphics 45 58 designing your own 54 57 nine pin 52 E4 pin labels 48 49 reassigning code 53 summary table 52 troubleshooting WIDTH statements 50 H Head See Print head Hex dumping See Data dump mode F 2 IBM Personal Computer BASIC Installation See Set up operations Commercial software Interface See PIC Justification with NLQ 31 32 Left margin See Margins Length of page See Page Leg E263 also Control panel Line feed Line feed E automatic DIP switch setting for Line spacing 30 31 in graphics 47 Listing programs LPRINT Margins 29 32 Master Select 27 28 Matrix See Dot matrix Near Letter Quality NLQ mode 15
45. e User defined characters 33 44 W WIDTH statements E7 WordStar El Word processors See commercial software Z Zero slashed F S EPSON AMERICA INC LIMITED WARRANTY Epson America Inc hereby warrants that it will repair or replace at its option any part of the Epson product with which this warranty is endosed which proves defective by reason of improper workmanship and or material without charge for parts or labor for a period of one 1 year This warranty period commences on the date of original purchase by the buyer other than for purposes of resale and this warranty applies only if such original purchase by the buyer was made in the United States To obtain service under this warranty you must return your Epson product prop erly packaged in its original container or an equivalent to the nearest authorized Epson Service Center or the Dealer from whom the product was purchased Any postage insurance and shipping costs incurred in presenting or sending your Epson product for service are your responsibility The Dealer s original bill of sale or other satisfactory proof of the date of the origi nal buyer purchase of your Epson produc must be made available to obtain service under this warranty This warranty applies only if your Epson produc fails to function properly under normal use and within the manufacturer s specifications Batteries as well as optional software packages ROM s not contained in the origi
46. e dots as you can see below Figure 3 3 shows enlargements of two letters in draft mode compared with the same two in the NLQ mode Figure 3 3 Near Letter Quality and draft characters compared With the two modes draft and NLQ the LX 90 lets you choose high speed or high quality each time you print You can print your ordinary work or preliminary drafts quickly in the draft mode and use the NLQ mode for final copies or special purposes SelecType makes it especially easy to change from draft to NLQ but you can also select and cancel the NLQ mode with a software command or with a special switch in the back of your printer You can find the software command in Chapter 4 and the operation of the switch called a DIP switch in Appendix D 15 ESCape and ASCII The details of printer computer communication are complex but for most purposes all you need to know is that the computer sends a series of codes each consisting of one or more numbers to the printer and the printer interprets them Some codes tell the printer to print a character and other codes tell it to turn on or off certain printer functions such as emphasized or Near Letter Quality Because the codes between 0 and 127 are basi cally standardized by the American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASCII they are referred to as ASCII numbers in this manual Nearly all of the codes for printer functions require more than one number and begin with a special co
47. ed mode ON Line Spacing C 2 ESC o ESC 477 ESC un ESC uu n ESC A n ESC J n Sets line spacing to 1 9 inch Sets line spacing to 1 9 inch Sets line spacing to 1 6 inch default Sets line spadng to n 216 inch Sets line spacing to n 72 inch Produces an immediate one time line feed of n 216 inch without a carriage return Forms Control ESC 8 Turns the paper out sensor OFF ESC 9 Turns the paper out sensor ON ESC C 0 Sets the form length in inches ESC C Sets the form length in lines ESC N n Turns variable skip over perforation ON ESC 0 Turns skip over perforation OFF Page Format ASCII 9 Horizontal tab ASCII 10 Line feed ASCII 11 Vertical tab ASCII 12 Form feed ASCII 13 Carriage return ESC D Sets horizontal tab stops ESC Q n Sets the right margin ESC I n Sets the left margin User Defined Characters ESC amp Defines characters in user RAM ESC Copies the character set from ROM to RAM ESC 96 Activates ROM or RAM character set Dot Graphics ESC Selects one of seven graphics densities ESC Reassigns a graphics density ESC K Turns single density graphics mode ON ESC L Turns double density graphics mode ON ESC Y Turns high speed double density graphics mode ON ESC Z Turns quadruple density graphics mode ON ESC A Turns nine pin graphics mode ON C 3 Appendix D The DIP Switches Several tiny switches c
48. efaults resets the top of page and empties the contents of the buffer including any user defined characters that you have stored there Occasionally you may wish to cancel one or more modes with SelecType instead of resetting the printer with power switch To cancel all modes controlled by SelecType simply enter SelecType mode and then press the FF button without pressing the ON LINE button This is useful when you make a mistake while setting codes and want to start over again and it does not interfere with top of page user defined char acters or other items that are not controlled by SelecType If you do make a mistake while using SelecType just press the LF button to turn off SelecType and then turn it on again and press the FF button before you press the ON LINE button In fact some users like to use the FF button to cancel any previous SelecType setting each time they use SelecType If you want to be absolutely certain that no previous settings interfere with your use of SelecType always press the FF button once immediately after you enter SelecType mode For this procedure after you press the ON LINE and FF buttons to turn on SelecType press the FF button once and then make and set your selection or selections as outlined in Chapter 2 You can also cancel individual modes with SelecType if you wish You do this with the same procedure that sets them When a mode is already set selecting it again cancels it as demonstrated i
49. efore print ing This program gives you a left margin of 10 and a right margin of 60 but you can use any numbers you prefer for the margin com mands NEW 10 LPRINT CHR 27 1 CHR 10 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 Q CHRS 60 A program likethis also allows you to choosethe margins you prefer for program listings Just remember that once you run a pro gram that sets margins those margins are in effect until you change them with new margin commands or turn off or reset the printer 29 You should be aware that a few applications programs reset the printer before each document or file they print These programs will of course cancel your new margin settings If your program resets the printer use its installation program to remove all codes from the ini tialization sequence See Appendix E The maximum right margins on the LX 90 printer are 80 in pica 96 in elite 132 in compressed and 160 in compressed elite For further information on this command see Appendix B Skip Over Perforation If you are using continuous paper for printing program listings or other material not controlled by an applications program you may find that the LX 90 prints right over the perforations between pages The LX 90 has an ESCape code to prevent this the ESCape N com mand You send ESCape N followed by the number of lines you want the LX 90 to skip at the bottom of a page For example in BASIC the following line will make the LX 90 skip 6 lin
50. er Quality Emphasized bold printing Double strike bald printing Compressed narrow printing or Elite printing Choosing typestyles with SelecType is simple A few taps on the printer s control panel tell the printer which style you want and SelecType lets you choose the typestyle each time you print For example you can print the first draft of a letter or report in the stan dard mode and the final version in the NLQ mode SelecT ype Operation Using SelecType is simple You turn on SelecType and select a typestyle then turn off SelecType and print Turning SelecType On 1 Make sure that the printer is on and that the POWER READY and ON LINE lights are all on 2 Press both the ON LINE and FF buttons at the same time as illus trated in Figure 2 1 Figure 2 1 Turning SelecType on When you press the ON LINE and FF buttons the LX 90 signals in three ways that SelecType is on e The printer beeps e The READY light turns off e The ON LINE light begins flashing Selecting typestyles In SelecType each button has a function ON LINE selects typestyles FF sets the styles e LF turns SelecType off After turning on SelecType follow these three steps to select a typestyle 1 Find the typestyle you want in Table 2 1 Table 2 1 SdecType modes ypestyle NLQ A D HIJKLMnoparstuvwxyz Emphasized ABCEDEFGHIJKLMnopgrstuvwxyz Double strike ABCDEFGHIJKLMnopqrstuvwxyz Compressed ABCDEFGHIJKLMnopqrstuvwxyz
51. es after each 60 lines if your printer is set for Il inch paper 10 LPRINT CHRS 27 N CHRS 6 Since an Il inch page is 66 lines this will give you one inch of blank space at the bottom of each page If you prefer to have half of the blank space at the top of the page and half at the bottom simply set the top of page approximately three lines 1 2 inch below the perfora tion See the section on paper loading in the LX 90 manual if you need to refresh your memory on setting the top of page Line Spacing Ordinarily you don t have to worry about how the printer moves the paper so that it doesn t print lines of text on top of each other the LX 90 takes care of this without any special instructions The line spacing on the LX 90 however can be changed with an ESCape code The movement of the paper between lines is called a line feed and the distance the paper moves is called a line space In ordinary print ing the line spacing is I 6 inch which produces six lines of print per inch The standard spacing is the same as 12 rows of dots Since the LX 90 characters use 9 rows of dots the 12 dot line spacing leaves 3 blank rows between the lines of text 30 The standard line spacing is the only one you need for almost all printing of text but in some cases you may want to increase or decrease the space between lines The LX 90 has several commands to do this ESCape 0 or ESCape 1 decreases the line spacing to 9 inch and
52. for space between characters however Each NLQ character definition requires 36 data numbers There fore each vertical column must be divided into three sections for the calculation of data numbers The process is not difficult once you get some practice using it Figure 7 7 shows a single column to make dear how the data num bers are calculated Notice that using circles instead of dots in design ing NLQ characters makes it easier to keep track of overlapping dots 40 Second data number Third data number Figure 7 7 Data numbers for one column To calculate the data numbers for this column note which dots are used in the top group the top eight positions and add their values together Then go down to the middle group the next 8 positions and add the values of any dots that are used there Finally look at the bottom group 2 dot positions and add together the values used there If no dots are used in a group the data number for that group is zero All zeros must be entered in the DATA statements for the NLQ definition programs Figure 7 8 shows you how to use the NLQ character definition with a musical design The figure shows the design drawn on a grid and the data numbers printed at the top or bottom of each column 41 BREE R013 _ KIS K m agi HD ET que 2345678910 11 12 1 0 0 1 3 128 130 135 0 0 0 Figure 7 8 Musical design and data numbers If you look
53. hanging the current line spacing Prints the contents of the buffer without a car riage return Format ESC Y n where n 0 255 Turns single density graphics mode ON Prints 480 dots per 8 inch line Format ESC K n1 n2 followed by n data numbers where n total number of dot columns nl n MOD 256 n2 INT n 256 For example to print 480 dots n1 244 s Tha Turns low speed double density graphics mode ON Prints 960 dots per 8 inch line Format ESC C n1 n2 followed by n data numbers where n total number of dot columns nl n MOD 256 n2 INT n 256 For example to print 960 dots n1 192 n2 3 Turns elite mode 12 cpi ON Cannot mix with NLQ pica or emphasized Sets skip over perforation to n lines Format ESC N n where n 1 127 Turns skip over perforation OFF Turns elite mode OFF Returns to pica unless compressed mode is active ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC 81 82 83 84 85 87 89 51 52 53 54 55 57 59 Q Sets the right margin Also cancels all text that is in the print buffer Format ESC Q n where n ranges from 2 80 in pica 3 96 in elite 4 137 in compressed 4 160 in compressed elite You may need a WIDTH statement Returns tabs to default setting Turns subscript or superscript mode ON Either type of script is printed in double strike For mat ESC S CHR n where n 0 produces superscri
54. he codes from the initialization sequence allows SelecType to work correctly Follow the instructions in the WordStar manual for custom installation and consult your dealer if you need more information For Artpak use the Set up of System operation to select Epson with Graftrax Also select the alternate character set with DIP Switch 1 6 see Appendix D because Artpak uses some of the con trol codes above 137 decimal Even if you are not using either of these programs the settings for one of them may work for your program Consult the manual for your software If you are still not sure consult your dealer or simply try different options Remember to try changing DIP switch 1 6 if you do not get the correct results See Appendix D If the installation program asks whether your printer can backspace choose non back spacing E I SelecType Features and Solutions Some software sends a reset code before it begins printing This can cels any SelecType settings If you find that SelecType does not change your printing the reset code is probably the reason The solution is to usethe installation program for your software to remove all codes from the initialization sequence See your software manual for details If you want to cancel the modes you have set with SelecType you can turn your printer off and back on with the power switch on the left side of the printer This cancels all SelecType settings returns your LX 90 to its d
55. hich is the height of the dot patterns used in the program Therefore there is no space between the print lines Line 20 begins a loop to produce multiple print lines Lines 30 and 40 were explained previously Lines 60 and 70 are similar to lines 30 and 40 except that line 70 uses a reversal of the patterns in line 40 As the loop is executed the program prints lines 40 and 70 alternately so that the patterns of the print lines will fit together well Notice that the graphics command can be in effect for only one print line The command is in lines 30 and 60 so that it is issued each time a new print line is begun To print more than one line of graphics the graphics command must be issued before each line Line 90 is the reset code to return the printer to its defaults 51 Density Varieties Although all the examples so far in this chapter have been in the single density graphics mode the LX 90 offers five other eight pin density modes and two nine pin ones Nine pin graphics is not neces sary for most uses but you can find its command ESCape a in Appendix B All the eight pin densities and their commands are described in Table 8 1 Table 8 1 Graphics modes Alternate code Low Speed ESC L 120 dots per inch Double 960 dots per 8 line High Speed ESC Y Same density as Mode 1 Double but faster does not print Quadruple ESC Z 240 dot positions per inch 1920 dots per 8 line does not print consecutive d
56. in the LX 90 manual Be sure the printer is OFF when you insert the PIC Once the PIC is installed you are ready to test your printer Printing the Test Patterns It s time to see the L X 90 in action You ll start with a test pattern Don t connect the printer to your computer yet just follow these steps 1 Make sure that your printer has paper in it and that the power switch on the right side of the printer is off 2 Press the LF button on the control panel and at the sametime turn the printer on with the power switch The LX 90 begins printing letters numbers and symbols in the draft mode It won t stop until you turn it off or until it gets near the end of the paper To see the same test in the NLQ N ear Letter Quality mode turn the printer on while pressing the FF button Figure I 1 shows what both test patterns look like Draft 0123456789 lt gt ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXY 0123456789 lt gt ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 123456789 lt gt ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 23456789 lt gt ABCDEFGHIJ KLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 3456789 lt gt ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUUVWXYZ 456789 lt gt ABCDEFGHIJ KLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ NLQ 3456789 lt gt ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 456789 lt gt ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 56789 E S O Me I M le e 6789 4 5 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 789 lt gt ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ A 89 lt gt RABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPO
57. ion with the program below 10 LPRINT The formula for water is H 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 S1 2 CHRS 27 T 30 LPRINT 0 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 The formula or water is H O Now that you see how to use the ESCape sequences for superscript and subscript you can devise your own examples 28 Chapter 6 Page Formatting Although the LX 90 printer has many sophisticated commands to set margins line spacing and horizontal and vertical tabs this chap ter won t take up your time with extensive discussions of these because most are taken care of by applications programs Instead this chapter describes a few commands that the average user might need For more information see A ppendixes B and C where all the commands are listed and described Margins The LX 90 allows you to se the left and right margins with simple ESCape sequences The left margin command is ESCape 1 followed by the number of the column you choose for the left margin The right margin command is ESCape Q followed by the column number of the right margin you want For the left margin command be sure to use a lowercase letter 1 not the numeral one If your word processing program does not allow you to change the margins you can send margin commands to your LX 90 with BASIC or another programming language before you print your documents For example if you prefer wider margins than your word processing program gives you run the following BASIC program b
58. key for one of the characters in the top row the printer will print the corresponding character in the bottom row In the example above if you press lt your LX 90 will print although your screen will continue to show the character Because the program puts these new definitions in your printer s Random Access Memory RAM it will print the characters in the bottom row unless it is turned off or receives the rese code If you have designed a few characters and want to use them with your word processing program for example just run program 2 before you start using your word processing program Then use the two line printout as your guide to tell you which keys to press for your new characters Defining NLQ Characters Since NLQ characters use many more dots than draft characters defining NLQ characters is more complex than designing draft ones If you use the grid and the program in this section however you will be able to design your own NLQ characters 39 NLQ grid Because the NLQ characters can use as many as 18 dots vertically and 12 dots horizontally you plan your designs on a different grid than the one for draft characters I 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Figure 7 6 Grid for NLQ characters On this grid you can use any numbered line or space As you can see that indudes the bottom line and the line on the right side You should remember to leave one or two columns blank
59. kly Appendix A will help you translate the hex codes to ASCII equivalents IBM PC BASIC Solutions There are three problems in using the IBM Personal Computer BASIC to drive a printer First the IBM PC BASIC inserts a carriage return line feed CR LF after each 80 charaders you send it Second it adds an LF to each CR in an LPRINT statement Third it will not send hex 1A decimal 26 E 6 Here is the way to adjust the width when it is the only problem Tell the computer that the print line is wider than 80 characters with this WIDTH statement WIDTH LPT1 255 The 255 is a spedal number that prevents the computer system from inserting a CR LF into the line Unless of course there s one in your program The extra line feed CH R 10 that accompanies each carriage return CH R 13 is no problem except when you need to use CHR 13 in a graphics program Getting rid of the extra CHR 10 is rather complicated First you open the printer as a random file OPEN LPT1 AS 1 Although this allows you to send any code to the printer you can no longer use the LPRINT command Instead you must use a PRINT 1 command PRINT 1 Now I can print anything This does allow you to print anything but it ignores any previous WIDTH statements If you want to print more than 80 columns per line in a graphics program you must therefore change your opening statement to indude the appropriate WIDTH statement OPEN LPT1 AS 1
60. l ESCape code called M aster Select that allows you to choose any possible combination of seven different modes pica elite compressed emphasized double strike expanded and underline The format of the Master Select code is ESCape followed by a number that is calculated by adding together the values of the modes listed below underline 128 expanded 32 double strike 16 emphasized 8 compressed 4 elite 1 pica 0 For any combination just add up the values of each of the modes you want and use the total as the number after ESCape For exam ple to calculate the code for expanded underlined pica add the fol lowing numbers together underline 128 expanded 32 pica 0 160 To print this combination therefore you use ESCape followed by the number 160 In the BASIC programming language the com mand is CHR 27 CHR 60 To try this number or any other enter and run this short program which will ask you for a Master Select number and then give you a sample of printing using that code 10 INPUT Master Select number M 20 LPRINT CHR 27 CHR M 30 LPRINT This sample of printing uses 40LPRINT Master Select number M 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 In this program you can use any number you calculate by using the formula above but remember that emphasized can t combine with compressed or elite If you try to combine emphasized with either of the two narrow pitches you won t harm your printer it wil
61. l simply use a priority list in its memory to determine which mode to use 27 The printer s priority list causes a combination of emphasized and elite to produce elite only a combination of emphasized and com pressed to produce emphasized only and a combination of all three to produce compressed elite Also remember that elite or compressed will cancel pica Master Select is a powerful code that gives you an easy way to produce multiple combinations with a single command To see double strike emphasized underlined printing for example you need only one ESCape code instead of three Indeed Master Select is such a powerful feature that it may occa sionally be more powerful than you want it to be Because it controls seven different modes a M aster Select code will cancel any of those seven that are not selected For example suppose that you have a page in elite and want part of it underlined If you use ESCape I 128 to turn on underlining your LX 90 will begin printing in underlined pica instead of underlined elite because the 128 code does not include elite Use 129 for underlined elite Superscript and Subscript Your LX 90 can also print superscripts and subscripts which you can use for mathematical formulas footnotes and other items that require numbers or letters above or below the usual print line ESCape SO turns on superscript and ESCape s1 turns on subscript ESCape T turns off either one You can see them in act
62. manuals for the PCjr Even if you don t have a BASIC cartridge you can still use the version of BASIC that s built into the PCjr s memory Simply turn on your PCjr with no cartridges or disks in it When the BASIC copyright notice and the message Ok appear on your screen you can begin entering and running programs If you do have a BASIC cartridge plug in the cartridge insert a disk containing DOS in the disk drive if you have one and turn on the PCjr Then enter the new date and time as requested by the onscreen messages or press ENTER twice The screen then displays the prompt A Type BASICA and press ENTER When the BASIC copyright notice and the message Ok appear you can begin entering and running programs If you want to save programs replace your DOS disk with a blank formatted disk With either type of BASIC simply type the programs in this manual exactly as you see them Be sure to indude all spaces and punctuation marks especially semicolons Press ENTER at the end of each line Since the PCjr uses a 40 column display in the standard mode it breaks some lines into two parts on the screen but that does not affect the operation of the program If you make a typing mistake retype the whole line the new line will replace the old one When you have typed all the lines press the Fn key and then the F2 key to run the program If you have made changes to a program and want to see all of it on the screen press Fn F1 an
63. n the exam ple below Suppose that you have set emphasized and NLQ Modes and then you decide that you don t want emphasized You can either cancel all the modes and reset NLQ or you can use the following steps to cancel emphasized and leave NLQ E 2 1 See that the ON LINE and READY lights are on Be sure that you do not touch the power switch and cancel all the modes 2 Press the ON LINE and FF buttons to enter SelecType 3 Pressthe ON LINE button twice This is the code for empha sized Notice that the ON LINE light is blinking and that it is on more than it is off This tells you that the emphasized mode is set 4 Press the FF button once Now the ON LINE light is still blinking but it is off more than it is on This tells you that the emphasized mode is cancelled 5 Press the LF button once to leave SelecType mode 6 Pressthe ON LINE button to put the printer on line Now you have cancelled emphasized without affecting any other modes Some users think that this procedure is too complicated and prefer to cancel all the SelecType settings and then rese the ones they want Use whichever method you prefer If you want to cancel modes indi vidually remember to watch the ON LINE light It blinks mainly on when a mode is set and mainly off when it is not Troubleshooting If the printer freezes and a program will not run try turning off both the computer and the printer then turn the printer on first and the comp
64. n the following BASIC program while your LX 90 was in the data dump mode you would get the printout below it The printer will print all but the last line and then stop Press the ON LINE button to make the printer print the last line 10 FOR X 70 TO 73 20 LPRINT CHRS X NEXT X 30LPRINT CHR 27 E 40 LPRINT Sample text 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 Data Dump Mode n 0000 46 OD O 47 OD DA 48 OD DA 49 OD OA 1B 45 OD OA F G H I E 0001 53 61 D 70 6C 65 20 74 65 78 74 OD OA 1B 40 OD Sample text 0002 OA You can consult Appendix A to see the meaning of the hexadecimal codes The explanation below of the first line will put you on the right track for using the data dump mode The first code in line 0000 is hex 46 which is the same as decimal 70 which is the code for F therefore F is printed in the first position in the guide section Then because there is no semicolon in line 20 BASIC sends a carriage return and a line feed hex codes OD and 0A Each of these is represented by a dot in the guide section The program then sends the hex codes 47 48 and 49 with each followed by a carriage return and line feed When the program gets to line 30 it sends ESCape E and a cer riage return and line feed These are hex codes 1B 45 OD and OA which are represented in the guide section by a dot an E and two more dots Now you can follow a data dump printout on your own Some software changes one or more codes
65. nal container of your Epson product are excluded from coverage under this warranty This warranty does not apply if the Epson label or logo or the rating label or serial number has been removed from your Epson product or if in the sole opinion of Epson your Epson product has been damaged by faulty or leaking batteries not supplied by Epson or by accident misuse neglect or improper packing shipping modification or servicing by other than Epson or an authorized Epson Service Center SOME EPSON PRODUCTS HAVE A COMPARTMENT CONTAINING STATIC SENSITIVE ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY THIS COMPARTMENT IS CLEARLY LABELED DO NOT OPEN IT THIS WARRANTY WILL BECOME VOID IF YOU ATTEMPT TO MODIFY OR ADJUST ANY ROM OR OTHER PART OR DEVICE IN SUCH A COMPARTMENT OR IF YOU ATTEMPT TO ADD OR INSERT ANY ROM OR OTHER PART OR DEVICE IF ANY OF THESE STEPS IS REQUIRED BRING YOUR EPSON PRODUCT TO AN AUTHORIZED EPSON DEALER THE DURATION OF ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR OTHERWISE ON YOUR EPSON PRODUCT SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE DURATION OF THE EXPRESS WAR RANTY SET FORTH ABOVE IN NO EVENT SHALL EPSON AMERICA INC OR ITS AFFILIATES BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS INCONVENIENCE OR DAMAGE WHETHER DIRECT INCIDENTAL CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHERWISE OR WHETHER CAUSED BY NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER FAULT RESULTING FROM BREACH OF ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABIL ITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR OTHERWISE WITH RE SPECT T
66. ne of two methods e Sending the reset code Escape e Turning the printer off and back on Either one of these methods returns the printer to what are called its defaults which are the standard settings that are in effect every time you turn the printer on The two effects of resetting the printer that you should be concerned with are it returns the printing to single strike pica thus cancelling any other pitches or enhancements 20 you may have turned on and the current position of the print head becomes the top of page setting Some of the demonstration programs end with a reset code Escape so that the commands from one program will not inter fere with the commands in the next one After you run a program with a reset code in it remember to change the top of page setting before you begin printing full pages Pitch Comparison Now that you have used three short programs to produce samples of the three main pitches you can choose the pitch that you prefer or the one that best fits a particular printing job Most people use either pica or elite for printing text and compressed for spreadsheets or other applications in which it is important to ge the maximum number of characters on a line In fact if you need even more than the 132 charaders per line that compressed gives you you can combine elite and compressed for a mode called compressed elite It is not really another pitch because the size of the characters is
67. nteger function calculates the value for n2 For programming languages other than BASIC consult your manual for the proper form for these functions This format can be used with any graphics density and with any value of N up to the maximum number of columns per line for that density Designing Your Own Graphics This section takes you through the development of a graphics pro gram The example is not especially complicated but it does include the same steps you would use for a more complex figure so that you have the basis for designing graphics on your LX 90 You should plan your figure with dots on graph paper but before beginning to place the dots you must decide which graphics density you want Figure 8 3 shows the differences between the three most used graphics modes so that you can choose the one you want High speed Low speed Double Double Figure 8 3 Designing in different densities In this figure you can see the main rules for graphic design in the three densities In single density no dots can be placed on vertical lines In high speed double density dots can be placed on vertical 54 lines but no dots can overlap In low speed double density dots can be placed on vertical lines and they can overlap Now look at the figure designed for high speed double density It should point you in the right direction for your own designs
68. of these numbers O Left justify 1 Center 2 Right justify 3 Auto justify Left justification is the standard format in which the left margin is even and the right margin is not This is the way most typewritten pages look 31 The centering command centers a line of text between the margins This is handy for headings titles and captions Right justification is the opposite of left justification The right mar gin is even and the left is not Auto justification puts extra spaces between words where necessary so that both the left and right margins are even This is the way most magazines newspapers and books including this one are printed With this command you need a WIDTH statement at the begin ning of your program The following line shows the proper format 10 LPRINT WIDTH LPT1 255 When you are using auto justification use carriage returns at the end of paragraphs only not at the end of each line of text Also keep in mind that changing the right margin may make justified text look better The next paragraph is printed with this feature Since most word processing programs have their own justification commands use this ESCape code only with BASIC or another programming language not with a word processingprogram When you use any of the justification commands be sure to send theNLQ command first 32 Chapter 7 User D efined C haracters The LX 90 has several hundred different characters stored in
69. ore NE 90 WIDTH LPT1 255 100 LPRINT CHRS 27 A CHRS 7 590FOR K 1 TO 3 600 LPRINT CHRS 27 Y CHRS 50 CHRS 0 610 READ N IF N 128 THEN 650 620 IF N gt 0 THEN LPRINT CHRS N GOTO 610 630 READ P R FOR J 1 TO N 632 LPRINT CHRS P CHRS R 5 NEXT J 640GOTO 610 650 LPRINT NEXT K LPRINT CHR 27 Q END 800 DATA 8 4 10 1 6 8 0 4 0 2 0 1 9 0 0 0 805 DATA 23 8 4 2 1 2 0 0 0 128 810 DATA O 0 0 0 64 32 17 10 4 0 6 0 0 10 815 DATA 64 0 0 0 0 64 32 17 10 4 128 820 DATA 2 4 10 16 34 64 5 2 0 4 0 8 0 16 825 DATA O 9 32 O 61 2 4 8 16 22 64 O O 0 128 56 In this program the number 128 in the DATA statements signals the end of a print line This is the reason for the IF THEN statement in line 610 that skips to line 650 and causes a line feed The other special technique used in this program is found in lines 620 and 630 Since some of the data numbers are repeated many times using negative DATA numbers for repetitions saves typing Line 620 tests for a negative number and if it finds one reads the next two numbers and prints their pin patterns the number of times indi cated by the negative number For example when the minus 6 in line 800 is read the program then reads the next two numbers 8 and 0 and sends them to the printer 6 times This feature is not a necessary part of the program but it does allow you to type fewer
70. ots in a row Description 60 dots per inch 480 dots per 8 line consecutive dots in a row CRT none 80 dots per inch graphics 640 dots per 8 line One to one none 72 dots per inch plotter 576 dots per 8 line produces the same density horizontally as vertically CRT none 90 dots per inch graphics Il 720 dots per 8 line You are familiar with the command format that uses the ESCape code and a letter but LX 90 graphics commands can also be in the following format LPRINT CHRS 27 CHRS m CHRS n1 CHRS n2 with m being the mode number found in the left column of Table 8 1 As usual nl and n2 reserve the number of columns for graphics The seven modes include six densities with two speeds for double density 52 Reassigning Code The LX 90 has a graphics command that changes one graphics mode to another You can use it with many commercial graphics soft ware programs to change the density and shape of your printouts The code is ESCape s n where s is one of the four alternate graphics codes K L Y or Z and n is the number of the new code 0 6 For example if you send the following code before you run a graphics program it will change every instance of mode Y high speed double density to mode 5 one to one LPRINT CHR 27 2Y CHR 5 As usual this example is in BASIC but you can send the code in any programming language Even if you don t
71. phics M ode The graphics mode command is quite different from the other com mands covered so far in this manual For most of the other LX 90 modes such as emphasized and expanded one ESCape code turns the mode on and another turns it off For graphics the command is more complicated because the code that turns on a graphics mode also spe dfies how many columns it will use After the LX 90 receives this code it interprets the next numbers as pin patterns and prints them on the paper The LX 90 has several different graphics densities but the first exer dses keep things simple by using only one The code for entering single density graphics mode is ESCape K n1 n2 In BASIC the com mand is given in this format LPRINT CHR 27 K CHR n1 CHRS n2 ESCape K specifies single density graphics and the next two num bers n1 and n2 specify the number of columns reserved for graphics 47 The graphics command requires more than one number to specify how many columns to reserve because as many as 1920 columns are possible in graphics printing Since the LX 90 doesn t use decimal numbers larger than 255 the graphics mode command uses two num bers for reserving columns To figure the number of columns reserved multiply the second number by 256 and add it to the first number Since the command is set up for two numbers you must supply two even if you only need one When you need less than 256 columns just make n1 the number
72. pt and 1 pro duces subscript Turns script mode OFF Turns unidirectional mode ON Prints each line from left to right Format ESC U n where n toggles the mode on and off 0 turns it OFF 1 turns it ON Turns expanded mode ON stays ON until turned OFF Cannot be turned off with ASCII 20 Format ESC W n where n toggles the mode on and off 0 turns it OFF 1 turns it ON Turns high speed double density graphics mode ON gives the same density as ESC C but cannot print two adjacent dots in the same row B 7 ESC 90 5A Z Turns quadruple density graphics mode ON Prints 1920 dots per 8 inch line Format ESC Z n1 n2 followed by n data numbers where n total number of dot columns nl n MOD 256 n2 INT n 256 For example to print 1920 dots n1 128 ng 7 ESC 94 5E Turns nine pin graphics ON Format ESC d nl n2 followed by 2 times n data numbers where n total number of dot columns nl n MOD 256 n2 INT n 256 The printer expects 2 data numbers for each column of print The d selects the density where 0 produces single density and 1 pro duces double density ESC 97 61 a Sets justification format in NLQ mode Format ESC a n where n 0 for left justification n 1 for cen tering n 2 for right justification and n 3 for auto justification justificiation on both sides ESC 108 6C I Sets the left margin Format ESC P n where n ranges from 0 78 in pica 0
73. r Mode Draft Standard Character Mode NLQ Alternate Character Mode Draft Alternate Character Mode NLQ B Control Codes in Numeric Order Control Key Chart C Control Codes by Function 1 Near Letter Quality Mode Character Width Pitch Character Weight Print Enhancement Mode and Character Set Selection Special Printer Features Line Spacing Forms Control Page Format User Defined Characters Dot Graphics 28i pr aos a hd D TheDIP Switches enn nn nn nnns E Troubleshooting and Advanced Features Installation of Commercial Software Programs SelecType Features and Solutions Troubleshooting Beeper Error Warnings Graphics cece cece ete eee eees Data Dump Mode IBM PC BASIC Solutions Introduction The Epson LX 90 printer combines low price with the high quality and advanced capabilities formerly available only on more expensive printers The LX 90 User s Manual
74. r character count to 0 1 OB VT Vertical tab Empties the printer buffer then advances the paper to the next vertical tab stop 12 0C FF Form feed Empties the printer buffer then advances the paper to the next top of form B 1 ESC ESC 33 ESC 37 B 2 13 14 20 24 25 27 0D OE OF 14 18 21 25 CR 50 SI DC2 DC4 CAN EM ESC Carriage return Prints the contents of the buffer and resets the buffer character count to 0 Shift out Turns expanded mode ON for the length of the line Can be cancelled by ASCII 20 or ESC WO Works with pica elite or com pressed mode Shift in Empties the buffer and turns com pressed mode 17 16 cpi ON Cannot work with emphasized or pica mode Can also be set with DIP switch l l Device control 2 Turns compressed mode OFF Device control 4 Turns the expanded mode set by ASCII 14 OFF Cancels all text but not control codes in the print buffer Sets the optional cut sheet feeder Format ESC 25 n where n toggles the cut sheet feeder on and off 0 turns it OFF and 4 turns it ON You cannot use EM in place of 25 for this command Can also be turned ON and OFF with DIP switch 1 8 ESCape Prepares the printer to receive con trol codes Master Select Selects 1 of 48 unique print mode combinations Format ESC n where n stands for a number between 0 and 255 See Chapter 5 for details Acti
75. re that sends the proper codes to the printer 22 Chapter 5 Print Enhancements and Special Characters Besides the pitches pica elite and compressed covered in Chap ters 3 and 4 the L X 90 offers many other typestyles Bold Modes Two of the typestyles emphasized and double strike are bolder than standard printing Emphasized Mode In the emphasized mode the LX 90 prints each dot twice with the second dot slightly to the right of the first In order to do this the print head must slow down so that it has time to fire retract and fire the pins quickly enough to produce the overlapping dots This method produces better looking more fully formed characters that are darker than single strike characters To see an example of emphasized type and run the following pro gram See How to Run BASIC Programs in Chapter 4 if necessary NEW 10 LPRINT This is standard printing 20 LPRINT CHR 27 E 30LPRINT This is emphasized printing 100 LPRINT CHR 27 Q This is standard printing This is emphasized printing 23 Emphasized works only in draft pica and NLQ modes In elite and compressed the dots are already so close together that even with the reduced print speed the LX 90 cannot fire retract and again fire the pins quickly enough to print overlapping dots You do sacrifice some print speed with emphasized because the print head slows down and prints twice as many dots but the increase in print quality
76. s can be utilitarian or imaginative any thing from a scientific symbol to script letters for your initials Just follow the simple steps below The only restriction on your creativity is that the characters you define must follow the same rules that govern the rest of the characters printed by the LX 90 In Figure 7 l are four pica letters with a grid of lines behind them so that you can see how they are designed As you look at these characters notice the three rules that govern their design the column on the right side is always left blank so that there will be spaces between the characters on a line a character can use the top row or the bottom row but no character uses both the top and the bottom row and a dot can be placed on a vertical line only when the columns next to that line are not used e 5 tas Figure 7 1 LX 90 dot matrix characters Designing Process Suppose that you want to print the scientific symbol for the planet Mercury Although the LX 90 has a number of special symbols Mer cury s symbol is not one of them You can however create and print such a symbol with ease First use a grid like the one in Figure 7 2 to plan where to place the dots 34 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 123456789 Figure 7 2 Grid for designing draft characters Because the last two columns are reserved for the space between characters they are not included in the grid And since most ch
77. s on this page and the next by simply giving your software a few instructions A chart like the one on the next page can be created and printed in less than 20 minutes 45 INSTALLATIONS BY MONTH 100 M t ni a Sa aaa Pg a MAZA IS Ta am a a a 0 JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV The quickest and easiest way to print graphics on your LX 90 is to use a commercial graphics program With such programs you usually create an image on your monitor or TV screen and then give a com mand to send the image to the printer If you use commercial software that produces graphics all you need to know about dot graphics is how to use the software If on the other hand you wish to do your own programming or merely wish to understand how the LX 90 prints graphics read on Dot Patterns Graphic images are formed on the LX 90 about the same way that pictures in newspapers and magazines are printed If you look closely at a newspaper photograph you can see that it is made up of many small dots The LX 90 also forms its images with patterns of dots as many as 240 dot positions per inch horizontally and 72 dots per inch vertically The images you print on the LX 90 can therefore be as finely detailed as the one on the first page of this chapter If you plan carefully where you want the dots to appear and then use or create a program that gives the proper instructions to the printer your LX 90 will
78. sary Multiple Line Exercise Now that you ve entered and run a simple graphics program you can go on to an exercise that shows you how the LX 90 combines several lines of graphics for a figure taller than eight dots Start with a line for 100 columns of single density graphics and lines to print two pin patterns Notice that since there are two pin patterns in the loop it is only executed 50 times NEW 10 WIDTH LPT1 255 40LPRINT CHRS 27 K CHRS 100 CHRS 0 50 FOR X 1 TO 50 LPRINT CHRS 85 CHRS 42 60 NEXT X LPRINT 100 LPRINT CHRS 27 Q If you run the program now you ll see how one line of the pattern looks To see how more than one line combines to form a figure enter and run the following program which uses the lines you have already typed and adds several more 50 0 WIDTH LPT1 255 0 LPRINT CHRS 27 A CHRS 7 0 FOR R 1 TO 3 0 LPRINT CHRS 27 K CHRS 100 CHR 0 O FOR X 1 TO 50 LPRINT CHR 85 CHR 42 0 NEXT X LPRINT 0 LPRINT CHRS 27 K CHRS 100 CHRS 0 O FOR X 1 TO 50 LPRINT CHRS 42 CHRS 85 O NEXT X LPRINT NEXT R 00 LPRINT CHRS 27 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 1 Now run the program to see the six print lines combine into a pat tern Because the short and simple program that produced the pattern demonstrates many elements of graphics programming each line is explained below Line10 changes the line spadng to 7 72 of an inch w
79. so O Pose e 12 P N DE 255 FF none Alternate Character M ode NLQ Dec Hex Char 00 O5 91 P GQ N O A 8 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 none none none Y Dec Hex Char 32 20 blank 33 21 22 oo mk eb al O OO O O1 G P Co rm SV ila Dec Hex Char 64 65 66 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 gt n N lt x lt cao 259 To ZZ DA IO gt 5 moowr Dec Hex Char 96 60 97 61 a 98 62 b 99 63 c 100 64 d 101 65 e 102 66 f 103 67 g 104 68 h 105 69 106 6A j 107 6B k 108 6C 109 6D m 110 6E n 111 6F o 112 70 p 113 71 q 114 72 115 73 116 74 117 75 118 76 119 77 120 78 121 79 122 7A 123 7B 124 7C 125 7D 126 7E 127 7F none Q Nux lt C ns Alternate Character M ode NLQ Dec Hex Char 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 80 9E 9F none none none e gt teo lt Dec Hex Char 160 A0 161 Al 162 A2 163 A3 164 A4 165 A5 166 A6 167 A7 168 A8 169 A9 170 AA 171 AB 172 AC 173 AD 174 AE 175 AF 176 BO 177 B1 178 B2 179 B3 180 B4 181 B5 182 B6 183 87 184 B8 185 B9 186 BA 187 BB 188 BC 189 BD 190 BE 1901 BF HOY Am J 1008 10 ID Za D C O DP MG x L L Lo Loeb 4 lk e k 222 EI Dec Hex Char 192 CO 193 C1 194 C2 195 C3 196 C4 197 C5 198 C6
80. tells you how to set up your printer This Printer Interface Cartridge Operation Manual gives you the specific information you need to use the LX 90 with your PCjr computer This manual won t waste your time with unnecessary information but it also won t neglect anything you need to know about the LX 90 and its features You can read as much or as little of this manual as you wish The first chapter tells how to test the printer and connect it to your com puter The second chapter explains SelecType a feature that offers you five special typefaces The other chapters explain the main fea tures of the LX 90 and the appendixes give technical information on the printer Note Although all references in this manual are to the Epson LX 90 printer this PIC can also be used with the Epson HomeWriter 10 The samples of typestyles and graphics on the next page are a pre view of what your LX 90 can do Expanded emphasized Typewriter style Near Letter Quality Emphasized bold printing Double strike bold printing Compressed narrow printing Elite printing Chapter 1 Installation and Operation After you have set up your printer and loaded the paper following the directions in the LX 90 User s Manual you are ready to plug in your Printer Interface Cartridge PIP and begin printing Inserting the Printer Interface Cartridge Inserting the PIC is easy The cartridge slides into the rectangular opening as shown
81. ter Quality When it is ON the printer prints in the NLQ mode When it is OFF it prints in the draft mode If the switch is off you can still select the NLQ mode with SelecType or an ESCape code Switch 1 3 controls the optional cut sheet feeder When it is ON the cut sheet feeder is enabled When it is OFF the cut sheet feeder is dis abled Switch 7 4 selects the paper length When it is OFF the length is 11 when it is ON the length is 12 D 2 Switch 1 5 controls the paper end detector When it is ON the detec tor is inactive causing printing to continue even when the printer is out of paper When it is OFF the printer stops when the end of the paper passes the paper end detector See Paper Out Sensor in Chapter 6 Switch 1 6 selects the character set When it is OFF the standard char acter set is used when it is ON the alternate character set is used See Appendix A for listings of both character sets Notice that the alter nate character set has some control codes between 137 and 152 deci mal If a software program prints a character instead of performing a printer function such as a line feed try selecting the alternate charac ter set Switch Z 7 and 1 8 select the baud rate as shown in Table D 2 Table D 2 Baud rate SW 1 7 1200 Many software programs require a baud rate of 1200 but a higher baud rate may increase the speed of other programs The software documentation or experimentation should
82. that you have created a sample follow these steps to print it in emphasized mode 1 See that both the ON LINE and READY lights are on 2 Press the ON LINE and FF buttons at the same time You hear a beep to signal that SelecType is on 3 As shown in Table 2 1 the code for emphasized is two Therefore press the ON LINE button two times Remember to make sure you hear a beep each time you press the ON LINE button when you are in SelecType mode 4 Now that you have selected the emphasized mode push the FF button once to set it 5 Push the LF button once to return the panel to its standard opera tion 6 Press the ON LINE button so the LX 90 is ready to print Now you have set the LX 90 to print in emphasized mode Print your sample once more It should appear in emphasized mode just as you see below This is an example of LX 90 printing Turn off your printer to cancel the emphasized setting and if you wish try this exercise with other modes If you are using commercial software and SelecType will not change the typestyle see SelecType Features in Appendix E 10 Mode combination Two of the SelecType modes NLQ and emphasized can be com bined to create an impressive effect If you want to see this combina tion turn your printer off and back on and follow the instructions below 1 See that the ON LINE and READY lights are on 2 Press the ON LINE and FF buttons at the same time 3 Press the ON LINE b
83. the same as in the compressed mode only the space between the characters is reduced You can see this mode which allows 160 characters to fit on a line if you replace line 30 in your last program to produce the following program 20 LPRINT CHR 27 M 30LPRINT CHR 15 40 FOR X 65 TO 105 50LPRINT CHR X 60NEXT X LPRINT With this addition the program turns on compressed but doesn t turn off elite giving you the printout below ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghi Near Letter Quality Mode The examples so far in this chapter are in the draft mode but you can also use a software command to turn on the NLQ mode which you turned on with SelecType in Chapter 2 21 Enter and run the following program to see how the NLQ mode is turned on by an ESCape sequence NEW 10 LPRINT CHRS 27 x CHRS 1 20 FOR X 65 TO 105 30LPRINT CHRS X 40NEXT X LPRINT ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ V abcdefghi Note that you use a lowercase x not a capital X in line 10 Because of the high resolution of the NLQ mode it prints only in pica not in elite or compressed All the modes demonstrated in this chapter are compared in Table 4 1 Table 4 1 Summary 0f LX 90 pitches Print sample om ESC x 1 x 0 Pica print Elite print ESC M ESC P Compressed print 17 16 18 2000 ESCM 15 ESC P Remember that you don t have to use BASIC to change modes you can use any method or softwa
84. uous paper to the top of the next page or ejects a single sheet of paper e LF Line Feed advances the paper one line at a time The control panel can also be used to turn on several printing func tions using SelecType a feature which is described in the next chapter Using Your Printer If you have a word processing or other commercial software pro gram just load the program into your computer follow the printing instructions and watch your LX 90 print If your software program requires you to specify which printer you are using see Appendix E for instructions If you plan to use your LX 90 for printing program listings load a program and use the appropriate listing command for the program ming language you are using For example if you are using the BASIC that is built into your PCjr computer type NEW and then enter the following simple program 10 FOR X 1 TO 5 20 PRINT X8 30 NEXT X Then make sure your printer is turned on and type the following LLIST Then press ENTER and your LX 90 will list the program You can now begin using the LX 90 with your software or you can find out about the spedal features of the printer in the next chapters You may be especially interested in SelecType the feature described in Chapter 2 which you can use with nearly all software Chapter 2 SelecType The LX 90 enables you to use a feature called SelecType to produce five special typestyles Typewriter style Near Lett
85. uter on second before you try the program again If you re printing labels and a self adhesive label comes off of the backing it may stick behind the platen and cause problems with paper feeding and irregular darkness of printing If this happens take your LX 90 to a qualified service person do not attempt to remove the label yourself Beeper Error Warnings When the LX 90 s beeper sounds it usually indicates that the printer is out of paper The beeper can also be sounded by certain error condi tions in the printer itself E 3 If the printer beeps and stops printing when it is not out of paper turn the printer off and check to see if the paper is loaded correctly If the paper is loaded correctly turn the printer back on and try to print again If the printer beeps and does not print again take it to a qualified service person Graphics There are three common sources of problems with graphics pro grams in BASIC 1 Unwanted codes for carriage returns and line feeds may be inserted by BASIC if lines are over 80 columns long or if semicolons are not used at the end of program lines between the graphics command and its data See Chapter 8 for the proper format for a WIDTH statement and for sample programs that show the proper use of semicolons 2 Some software will not send certain codes For example IBM PC BASIC will not send CHR 26 Do not use such codes in graphics programs 3 If the printer stops during a graphics
86. utton once and then the FF button once Since one is the code for NLQ you have now set the LX 90 for NLQ 4 Pressthe ON LINE button one more time and then the FF button once again This makes a total of two times and thus sets the LX 90 for empha sized also 5 Press the LF button to return the panel to its standard operation 6 Press the ON LINE button to put the LX 90 on line Now print your sample document or run your sample program If your printing appears in emphasized Near Letter Quality as you see here you have successfully combined the two modes If you get any other results turn your printer off and back on and then try the steps again You can combine other modes using the same technique but some modes will not mix with others Table 2 2 shows which modes can be combined A dot in a box indicates that the two modes can be com bined 11 Table 2 2 Mode combinations NLQ Emphasized Double strike Compressed Elite Don t worry about harming your printer if you try to combine two modes that the LX 90 can t mix Your settings cannot damage the printer because it is prepared for the possibility of receiving codes for conflicting modes If it receives codes for two modes that it can t com bine it uses only one of the codes SelecType Tips After you turn on a mode with SelecType it usually stays in effect until the printer is turned off If for example you use SelecType to print a document in
87. vates user defined character set ESC 0 0 selects the ROM set and ESC 95 10 selects the RAM set defined by ESC amp ESC 38 26 amp ESC 42 ESC 45 ESC 48 ESC 49 ESC 50 ESC 51 2A 2D 30 3 32 33 Defines user characters in RAM Format ESC amp 0c1c2ad1 d11 The 0 is for future use cl is the starting char acter c2 is the ending character Both cl and c2 must be between 58 and 63 inclusive If a gt 128 character uses top 8 pins if a lt 128 character uses bottom 8 pins Each character in the range c1 c2 requires an attribute byte a and 11 data bytes d1 d11 If NLQ mode is selected first the command requires 3 bytes for a The first a0 is ignored the second a1 is the printing width and values above 12 are ignored The third a2 is the value of the right spacing and is automatically adjusted to 12 a1 In NLQ the command also requires 3xal data bytes Turns graphics mode ON Format ESC mnl m followed by n data numbers where n total number of dot columns nl n MOD 256 n2 INT n 256 m selects mode 0 6 See Chapter 8 for modes Turns underline mode ON Format ESC n where n toggles underline on and off 0 turns it OFF 1 turns it ON Sets line spacing to 1 9 inch Sets line spacing to 1 9 inch Returns line spacing to the default of 1 6 inch Sets line spacing to n 216 inch 1 216 inch is 1 3 dot Stays on until changed Format ESC 3 n
88. when sending them to the printer The ability of the LX 90 to dump in hexadecimal lets you determine which codes are creating problems for your system A data dump printout of a program shows you exactly what the printer is receiving regardless of what the computer is sending The following test program lets you check to see what codes if any are problems for your software This program is in BASIC use an equiv alent program for another programming language 10 FOR X 0 TO 255 20 LPRINT CHR X 30NEXT X Put the printer in data dump mode and then RUN the program Remember to press the ON LINE button to make the LX 90 print the final line Then compare your printout with the list of hex codes in order in Appendix A If any are skipped or repeated you will know that your software changes some codes before it sends them to the printer For example in the lines below which are the first two lines of the printout of the test program run with IBM PC BASIC you can see that in this case BASIC adds hex 0A which is the code for line feed after hex OD the code for a carriage return You will also notice that the program does not send hex 1A which is decimal 26 Both of these characteristics are discussed in the next section Data Dump Mode 0000 OO 01 O2 OF O4 05 06 O7 08 O9 OA OB OC OD GA OE cum aaa 0001 OF 10 11 12 12 14 15 16 17 13 19 1H iC 1D 1E iF rans The data dumping capability can help you debug a program quic
89. y dots are printed You can see the difference between pica and expanded pica if you enter and run this program 10 LPRINT This is standard printing 20 LPRINT CHR 27 W1 30LPRINT This is expanded 100 LPRINT CHR 27 Q This is standard printing T his is expanded For this mode the letter W and the numeral one together turn the mode on and the letter W and the numeral zero together turn it off Thus ESCape WI turns on expanded and ESCape WO turns it off Those of you who are programmers may be interested in another form of expanded In this alternate form called one line expanded the printing is the same as that in the example but it is turned on by ASCII 14 and is turned off by a line feed ASCII 20 or ESCape WO Mode Combinations You can also combine modes using control codes For example you can make a title especially vivid by combining emphasized and expanded In fact you can combine nearly all of the print modes on the LX 90 your LX 90 printer can print such complicated combina tions as double strike emphasized expanded underlined subscript although you may never want such a combination The point is how ever that the L X 90 has the ability to produce almost any combina tion you can think of it s up to you to dedde which ones you want to use To see emphasized combined with expanded change two lines in your previous program 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 WI CHRS 27 E 30LPRINT Emphasized expanded

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