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Epson CW3S20A User's Manual

1. Since both diskettes are already in their correct locations press the SPACEBAR key While the comparisons are being made the computer will display Using MS DOS With Your Computer 4 17 Comparing xx tracks x Sectors per Track x Side s When the computer is finished comparing the diskettes the drives will turn off and the following message will appear Compare OK Compare another diskette Y N Type N to return to the system prompt If there is a problem with the backup diskette or if you put the wrong diskette into the drive by mistake the computer will respond Compare error on side x track x Note The side and track information shown by your computer may be different than this example After you have confirmed that the backup diskette is a good copy of the master MS DOS diskette you may put your master diskette away in a safe place and put the label on the backup diskette From now on only use the master MS DOS diskette to make copies For all other purposes use the backup copy of the MS DOS diskette By using the backup copy for everyday computing and saving the master diskette you ensure that any accidental erasures can be replaced 4 28 Using MS DOS With Your Computer From now on when this manual refers to the main system diskettes use the backup MS DOS diskette FILES In the same way that you can keep information grouped together in manila folders MS DOS organizes dat
2. F2 key Copies the entire buffer up to the next character you type F3 key Copies the entire buffer to the command line F4 key The opposite of F2 deletes all characters from the buffer up to but not including the next character you type F5 key Moves the current line you are typing into the buffer without ENTERing it F6 key Places an end of file marker when you copy from the monitor to a disk file ESC key Cancels the current command line without changing the buffer INS key Inserts characters into the command line as you copy characters from the buffer DEL key Deletes characters from the buffer BACKSPACE Key 4 8 From time to time you may make a typing error This is not usually a problem if you correct the error before you ENTER the command You can use the BACKSPACE key for this purpose Using MS DOS With Your Computer Note Occasionally you might happen to enter the wrong command by mistake If this incorrect command will result in the loss of data MS DOS will usually wam you and give you a chance to change your mind The BACKSPACE key on your keyboard works just like a backspace key on a regular typewriter it moves the cursor back one position In addition however it erases the last character typed Press the BACKSPACE key as many times as necessary to erase the typing mistake then type out the command correctly For instance type the following but do not p
3. 7 6 Expanding Your System Stop When you remove the main system unit cover observe the following precautions Q The power supply cord must be unplugged before the main system unit cover is removed Separe le cordon d alimentation et puis enleve le couvercle Once removed the cover must be replaced and screwed in position before the power supply cord is plugged back in Apres le couvercle a enleve visse le couvercle en place et remettre le cordon d alimentation Warning Installing or removing circuit boards or plugging cables in with the system AC power turned on can damage your system Back Panel Screws Figure 7 1 Cover Mounting Screws Expanding Your System 7 7 Opening and Closing the Cabinet The procedure for opening the main system unit cabinet is as follows 0 Unplug the video monitor AC power and signal cables from their rear panel sockets Set the monitor safely aside 0 Unplug the keyboard and set it aside 0 Unscrew the screws on the rear panel of the unit and set them aside 0 Carefully slide the main system unit s cover towards the front of the unit Continue sliding the cover forward until it can be removed completely Set the cover aside Figure 7 2 Removing the Cover 7 8 Expanding Your System Later to close the unit follow these steps in order Q Make sure all the system and expansion boards are properly seated in their connectors and have had their moun
4. 02 08 90 Start Programa 4 56 pm Program Group Exite ov StaEyspedi pee FleHelp Main Group To select an item use the up and down arrows To start a program or display a new group press Enter Command Prompt Be File System Change Colors DOS Utilities FlO Actions Shift F9 Command Prompt gt Your computer system is now running under DOS For now press ENTER to run the Command Prompt option System Prompt After you press the ENTER key to either accept the time shown or enter a new one MS DOS will show a new prompt on the monitor Using MS DOS With Your Computer 4 5 Microsoft R MS DOS R Version X XX C Copyright Microsoft Corp 19XX 19XX AN gt This is the system prompt When it is displayed it means that MS DOS is waiting for you to tell it what to do This is done by typing a DOS command then pressing the ENTER key Cursor Following the system prompt you will see a blinking underline _ character This is the cursor The cursor shows you where the next character you type will appear on the screen As you can see any command you type will appear immediately to the right of the system prompt and on the same line Application software often uses the cursor as well allowing you to use the cursor control keys to move the cursor around on the screen MS DOS Commands DOS commands instruct your computer to perform tasks such as display a disk directory copy a file
5. When pressed with the Ctrl key hold down Ctrl and press Break sends a break signal to the computer to terminate the current operation Using Your Computer 3 3 Key Purpose Sys Req Produces the system request function in certain applications PrtSc Prints the screen display on a dot matnx printer Home End Control cursor location in some applications such as PgUp PgDn word processors game programs and Tl spreadsheets Ins Turns the Insert function on and off in some application programs Del Deletes the character at the cursor position The Num Lock Scroll Lock and Caps Lock keys work as toggles press the key once to turn on a function and again to turn it off When the function is enabled the corresponding light on the top right comer of the keyboard is on When the function is disabled the light is off Num Caps Scroll Figure 3 2 Keyboard LED Using Your Computer Stopping a Command or Program You may sometimes need to stop a command or program while it is running Many application programs provide a command you can use to stop or even cancel undo an operation If you have entered an MS DOS command that you want to stop try one of the following commands Q Hold down the Ctrl key and press C Q Hold down the Ctrl key and press Break These methods may also work in your application program If you cannot stop a particular operation however you may need to reset the computer as
6. 3 2 Using Your Computer Key F1 F12 Tab Otrl Shift Alt Backspace ea Enter Caps Lock Esc Num Lock Scroll Lock Break Purpose Perform special functions within application program Some keys also function with MS DOS See your MS DOS Reference Manual for more information Moves the cursor one tab position to the right in normal mode and one tab position to the left in shift mode when using some application programs Works with other key to perform special control functions such as editing operations Produces uppercase characters or the top symbols on the keys when used with the main character keys Produces lowercase characters when Caps Lock Is on Works with other keys to enter alternate character codes or functrons Moves the cursor back one space deleting the character to the left of the cursor Ends a line of keyboard input or executes a command may be called the Return key in some application program manuals Changes the letter keys from lower to uppercase changes back to lowercase when pressed again The numeric symbol keys on the top row of the keyboard are not affected Cancels the current command line or operation in MS DOS Esc can also have special uses in application programs Changes the function of the keys on the numeric cursor keypad from numeric entry to cursor positioning changes back when pressed again Controls scrolling in some application programs
7. Each filename can be up to eight characters long To this eight character name can be added an extension Extensions always begin with a period which is followed by up to three characters The format for a valid MS DOS filename is ABCDEFGH JKL Most of the characters and symbols on your keyboard are available for use in filenames These are Q The letters A through Z Q The numbers 0 through 9 U The following symbols exclamation point at sign number sign 4 20 Using MS DOS With Your Computer dollar sign percent sign amp ampersand and parenthesis minus sign or hyphen fand brackets underline character The following are examples of allowable filenames JANUARY CHAPTER 001 MEMO APR MAYSALES amp _SALES OCT These filenames are valid because none of them are too long and only legal characters have been used The following are examples of illegal filenames along with an explanation 3RDQUARTER SALES This is too long MS DOS will accept this filename but it will be shortened to fit the size limits The altered filename would read 3RDQUART SAL As you can see both the filename and its extension have been shortened to the legal length CHAPTER 4 The slash is an illegal filename character MS DOS will reject the filename and ask for another Using MS DOS With Your Computer 4 21 NEW EMPL LTR This would be rejected by MS DOS because
8. The following table shows the approximate number of diskettes needed to backup an entire hard disk HARD DISK NUMBER OF DISKETTES CAPACITY 180K 360K 1 2M 10M byte 63 32 10 20M byte 125 63 20 30M byte 185 95 30 4OM byte 250 125 40 A few extra diskettes have been included in these numbers to make sure there are enough If your hard disk is not loaded to capacity or if you are only backing up part of your hard disk fewer diskettes will be needed As you format these disks prepare labels for them that identifies these diskettes as a hard disk backup archive Also put the date on each label and number each diskette This is very important since the RESTORE command requires that you use the diskettes in the same order that was used during the BACKUP procedure Using Your Hard Disk 6 17 6 18 This file contains the BACKUP command program As mentioned above this file is provided on your MS DOS Install diskette You can run the program from the floppy disk drive or from the hard disk if you have copied the file into a subdirectory on the hard disk To back up the entire hard disk start by changing the system default drive to the hard disk Enter A gt C Next make sure you are in the root directory of the hard disk Enter C gt cD Now make sure your diskettes are formatted and ready If you are running BACKUP from the MS DOS install diskette enter the command C gt A BACKUP C A 8 If you have set up
9. The options are e None Select this option is you are not going to use shadow RAM e Shadow Use this parameter to copy the system BIOS and Video BIOS into RAM e Remap This parameter will be available only when you use 1MB or 2MB using 2ea IMB SIMM system memory You can relocate 384KB to the top of the system memory by using this e EMS This is available just when you use 1MB system memory This is for using 384KB as EMS memory Q EMS Size The option determines EMS memory size on on board memory This EMS memory is not initialized so EMS driver should do memory initialization The CMOS Setup Program 2 7 DO EXTENDED PERIPHERAL SETUP When you scroll down to this parameter the following message will be displayed on the right size of the Setup message Peripheral Setup IDE interface Enabled On B D FDC Enabled Mouse Enabled Serial COMI Parallel LPT e IDE interface The system has on board IDE that can be enabled by SETUP This IDE provides two hard disk chip selects If any HDC though bus exists user must disable on board IDE e On B D FDC System has on board FIX which is enabled disabled automatically depending on the existance of option board FDC The FDC has on chip analog data selector that operates up to IMB s and is implemented by all DP8473 Floppy Disk controller functions e Mouse The system has on board PS 2 compatible mouse port which is able to enable disable by setup e Seri
10. delete a program etc These are called internal commands and can be used anytime after the system has loaded MS DOS into memory They do not require the MS DOS main system diskette to function More complex DOS commands are actually separate programs that provide powerful features for your computer These are called external commands and perform such tasks as formatting a diskette comparing files on different disks 4 6 Using MS DOS With Your Computer backing up a hard disk etc These commands require one or more of the MS DOS diskettes Hard disk system user s can run any DOS command without diskettes because the programs are stored on the hard disk drive Case Sensitivity MS DOS does not differentiate between upper and lower case letters in commands and filenames This manual will show commands in upper case for clarity but you may enter them either way For example both of these commands will generate a directory listing of a diskette and A gt dir Function Keys and MS DOS As mentioned earlier MS DOS uses several of your keyboard s function keys to provide you with shortcuts When you press the ENTER key after typing a command MS DOS copies the command into a buffer memory By using the function keys you can edit and reuse the command without having to retype the entire line Fl key Copies one character at a time from the buffer to the command line Using MS DOS With Your Computer 4 7
11. 06F 8042 Keyboard Controller 070 07F Real Time Clock NMI Non Maskable Interrupt Mask 080 09F 74LS612 DMA Page Register 0A0 0BF 8259A Interrupt Controller 2 0C0 0DF 8237A 5 DMA Controller 2 OFO Clear Math Coprocessor Busy OF1 Reset Math Coprocessor OF amp OFF Math Coprocessor 378 37F Parallel Printer Port on Board 3F0 3F7 Floppy Disk Drive Control on Board 3F8 3FF Serial Port on Board Note I O address hex 000 to FFF are reserved for the system board 110 Hex 100 to 3FF are available on the I O channel Specifications A 5 Appendix B System Motherboard Figure B l System Motherboard This appendix provides configuration and interface information for this board You may skip this appendix if you are not installing expansion products that require changing the motherboard s configuration jumper settings Hardware Settings The system motherboard provides a set of switches to set the system configuration These are located at various points on the board These switch settings control the system configuration settings System Mother Board B 1 B Z When you turn the system power on the system CPU will compare these settings with the information stored in its configuration RAM as part of the diagnostic routines If any inconsistencies are found they will be shown on the display monitor before MS DOS is loaded At that time you will be prompted to run the SETUP program to change the options stored in the config
12. Enter the following command A gt RESTORE A C S The RESTORE command file will be read from the MS DOS Install diskette The A C in the command tells MS DOS that you will be restoring files from diskettes in the A drive to the hat d disk root directory The S switch tells MS DOS that you want to restore the subdirectories as well as the root directory files Using Your Hard Disk 6 21 Chapter 7 Expanding Your System As you get more familiar with your computer system you will probably want to add hardware to it This can include additional disk drives printers modems memory expansion boards etc This chapter addresses the installation of some of the most common devices Note Because a wide variety of expansion products are available for your system and configuring them to communicate over general purpose interfaces can be a complex task it is impossible for this manual to provide detailed instructions for connecting these devices Please follow the instructions provided with your peripheral if you should have problems with the installation of a peripheral device contact your dealer for assistance Connecting Peripherals Peripherals are devices that can be connected to your computer system to increase its ability to communicate and process information The term peripheral is usually used to indicate an externally mounted unit that is connected to your computer with a cable Peripherals available for your co
13. Gefahr von Verletzungen durch elektrische Spannung Feuer und mechanische Einwirkung Bitte lesen Sie diese Anweisungen sorgf ltig m Beachten Sie alle Hinweise die am Ger t selbst angebracht oder in den zugeh rigen Handb chem vermerkt sind Stelle Sie das Ger t an einem sicheren stabilen Arbeitsplatz auf Am Ger t angebrachte ffnungen Schlitze und sonstige ffnungen dienen der Bel ftung des Ger tes Um ein zuverl ssiges Arbeiten des Ger ts zu gew hrleisten und um berhitzung zu vermeiden m en diese ffnungen unbedingt freigehalten werden Betreiben Sie das Ger t nie auf Betten Sofas oder anderen wiechen Unterlagen Stecken keine Gegegenst nde Schraubenzieher B roklammem etc in die ffnungen Sie w rden damit Kurzchl sse herbeif hren die zur Zerst rung des Ger ts f hren sich der Gefahr eines Stromschlages aussetzen oder das Ger t in Brand setzen Das Ger t darf nur an vorschriftm ige Steckdosen mit der auf dem Ger t angegebenen Netzspannung angeschlossen werden Wenn Sie nicht sicher sind welche Netzspannung richtig ist wenden Sie sich an den Lieferanten des Ger tes oder an das zust ndige Elektrizizitr tswerk Bitte nur an gen gend stark abgesicherte Steckdosen anschlie en die der Leistungsaufnahme des Ger tes entsprechen Auf das Netzanschu kabel d rfen keine Gegenst nde gestellt werden Legen sie das Netzkabel so da niemand darauftreten oder dar ber stolpem kann QO W
14. MS DOS provides a simple command that allows you to look at the directory of any particular disk This is the DIR command Enter the command as follows AN gt DIR The computer will display a listing similar to the following COMMAND COM XXXXX X XX XX XX XXX XX File s XXXXXX bytes free Some of the names and symbols may be different but the screen should show these five columns and a similar last line Using MS DOS With Your Computer 4 23 The information presented by the DIR command is as follows The filename amp extension The file sire in bytes The date the file was created or last updated The time the file was created or last updated The number of files listed in the directory oc ovo DDD The number of unused bytes of space remaining on the disk See the MS DOS User s Guide for details File Searches 4 24 You can also use the DIR command to search for specific files on a disk To do this enter the DIR command in the following format A gt DIR filename For instance if you want to find the directory entry for a file named MAYSALES RPT on the diskette in drive A enter the command A gt DIR MAYSALES RPT The computer will search the entire directory of the diskette for a file named MAYSALES RPT If a file is found it will appear as the only entry in the diskette s directory If there is no MAYSALES RPT file on the diskette the computer will display Using MS DOS With Your Comput
15. Note If you do not have any 1 2MB diskettes you can use unformatted 360KB diskettes When copying from 1 2MB diskettes the DISKCOPY program formats the 360KB diskettes for 1 2MB Follow these steps 1 The C gt prompt should be on the screen If not type C and press Enter 2 Type the following and press Enter DISKCOPY A A The screen displays this message Insert SOURCE diskette in drive A Press any key to continue 3 Insert the MS DOS diskette in drive A as shown on the next page Hold the diskette with the label facing up and the read write slot into the drive Setting Up Your System Grae EE 22 ES Figure l 11 Inserting a Floppy Disk 4 Press any key The DISKCOPY program copies the contents of the MS DOS diskette to the computer s memory and then you see the following Insert TARGET diskette in drive A Press any key to continue 5 Remove the MS DOS diskette and insert a blank diskette which is to be the target diskette in drive A Then press any key If the diskette is not formatted the DISKCOPY program formats it Then the program begins copying the data from the computer s memory to the formatted diskette When the copy is complete you see this prompt Setting Up Your System 1 19 Copy another diskette Y N 6 Press Y so you can make a copy of another MS DOS diskette Again you see the prompt to insert the source diskette 7 Remove
16. Option Switches cur Copying Files sesse ne ernennen Wildeards 4 4 4 Chapter 6 Using Your Hard Disk What is a Hard Disk Drive 0000 c cece eee ee eee Care of Hard Disk Drives 0 00 e cece eee e eee ees Preparing Your Hard Disk san eee es Changing Your SETUP uses sage nae kiiss Partitioning Your Hard Disk ser ne Formatting Your Hard Disk une ane een Organizing Your Hard Disk acitccadacgucieocsaaesaaaas Backing Up Your Hard Disk scannen The BACKUP Command 00e eee en How Many Diskettes ss cscncceneendvcnkeeediaeds The RESTORE Command 000 eee Contents xv Chapter 7 Expanding Your System Connecting Peripherals 154603 otrs rec een eens Serial POMS zes na aaa aala ja aiaiai aiaa a Parallel Ports esse Be ritui Connecting Printers nn cus cuts ae Connecting Modems Yon Connecting External Disk Drives System Expansion amp Upgrades 14 024 au waere Tools Regent neigen General Precautions sw view cagmens Opening and Closing the Cabinet Installing Circuit Boards sauna ana ies Disk Drive Compartments u Internal Hard Disk Drive anna an Appendix A Specifications Computer System ur areas cisa cidada cias System Motherboard es benehiatenneterseenadudenwed CPU NOMS ig scr nite Ba au en System Memory isses Systemi ON ee peace etait ee Systemi TIMIN susanne aa I O Address Map users re en Appendix B System Motherboard Hatdware Settings sviker esieedae a EE i E E
17. be erased by the DISKCOPY routine Press the SPACEBAR key The drive will turn on indicating that the computer is formatting the new diskette then writing the copied information onto it After a few moments the drive will turn off When copying a 1 2MB disk multiple disk swaps are necessary When finished Copy another diskette Y N Using MS DOS With Your Computer 4 13 For now type N The system prompt will reappear To compare the backup diskette with the original you will use the DISKCOMP command Enter the command at the system prompt AN gt DISKCOMP The computer will respond Insert FIRST diskette in drive A Press any key to continue Remove the backup diskette from the drive and put it in its protective jacket Set it aside for a moment making sure that you don t mix it up with the second blank diskette Put the original master MS DOS main system diskette back into the floppy disk drive then press the SPACEBAR key As with the DISKCOPY command your computer will read the entire contents of the diskette into system memory and will display Comparing xx tracks x Sectors per Track x Side s When the computer is finished reading the drive will rum off and the following message will appear Insert SECOND diskette in drive A Press any key to continue 4 14 Using MS DOS With Your Computer Remove the master MS DOS diskette from the floppy disk drive and put it in its
18. by placing the MS DOS Install diskette in the A drive and turning your computer on Disk Drive Letters The various disk drives on your computer are assigned letters As you work with MS DOS you will see that these letters are used to identify which drive is to be used at any given time The microcomputer industry has standardized the use of letter identification for MS DOS type machines as follows U The first floppy disk drive is referred to as the A drive Q The second floppy disk drive is referred to as the B drive O The first hard disk drive is referred to as the C drive Note For information on reassigning disk drive letters refer to sections Regarding the ASSIGN command i in your MS DOS USER S GUIDE 4 2 Using MS DOS With Your Computer To insert a diskette into the drive O Open the drive door Q If you haven t already done so remove the protective cardboard insert from the drive Q Gently insert the diskette into the drive entry slot with its label facing up and the write protect notch to the left m When the diskette is all the way in close the drive door by turning the door latch handle down To remove a diskette from a floppy disk drive Be sure the drive indicator light is off Turn the door latch to open the drive Remove the diskette and insert it into its protective envelope Using MS DOS With Your Computer 4 3 Starting MS DOS 4 4 Skip this s
19. darf das Netzkabel wieder eingesteckt werden xii Contents Introduction fife j ti kek ie Oe ee Bi 1 How to Use This Manual 22 cee eee eee eee eens 2 Chapter 1 Setting Up Your System g Unpacking E E E EA E E E E A E AE Choosing a Location eea 24a ra aa e 3 Connecting a Monitor HH een Connecting a Printer Mouse or Modem Using the Parallel Interface eeee cree ee eee Using the Serial Interface 1 1 sss ee eeee reece nenn Connecting the Power Cord ss seer reece ee 6 Connecting the Keyboard De ee EN casi een Adjusting the Keyboard Angle eeeeeeee 7 Turning On the Computer a cosa seas fa asa REN a accep an sd uae Gh des oo sca The Command Prompt zus cha se ee5eiege 8 Copying System Diskettes 3 28 Ha ra 9 Resetting Your Computer sees eee e reece eens BON pe Ol Chapter 2 The CMOS Setup Program Introduction sect ete eee eee When to Run Setup at ct Skit BR io aos SRL as sac ato Fa ee A Memory test bypass E AE ae Jeph en ee ra Wad aoa eR ae Using Setup a en i layer a Gag Saute reden We cap GOL cas Jat Wm wt teeta das Slay ates rar uaa a Entering Setup ee EE E ee ce ee en Parameters aed 4 aces sae adie Bari a Leaving the Setup Program E Sa esa Sap RN Re Se Oeste alae E E Contents xiii Chapter 3 Using Your Computer Changing the Operating Speed sees eee eee Special Keys on Your Keyboard esse eee eee eens St
20. is also possible to copy a file between two disks when neither one is the default drive For instance A gt COPY C MAYSALES RPT B will copy the MAYSALES RPT file from the hard disk onto a diskette in the B drive This time note that both source and target drive letters were used This is because neither drive was the system default drive Wildcards 5 12 Copying files using wildcards in the filenames can be efficient but it can also be dangerous When using wildcards always make sure you won t overwrite or erase another file For example A gt COPY SALES RPT B will copy all of the files ending in SALES RPT to the B drive The command Using Floppy Disks A gt COPY MAYSALES B will copy all files about MAYSALES to the B drive A final example A gt COPY C will copy all of the files on a diskette in the A drive to the hard disk drive This command is useful when backing up diskettes containing data files Using Floppy Disks 5 13 Chapter 6 Using Your Hard Disk Depending on the model your computer system can be expanded to include an optional hard disk drive This chapter will give you a basic understanding of its operation and show you how to configure it Information is also provided on how MS DOS works with your hard disk drive What is a Hard Disk Drive As mentioned in Chapter 5 Using Floppy Disks your computer uses an electronic memory array called RAM This memory is tempo
21. is shipped from the factory with only the system motherboard installed This system has IDE type HDD controller and the Floppy Disk controller on the system motherboard If you are adding other systems to a basic computer or expanding your system by installing additional hardware follow the procedure below to install the circuit boards First read all of the instructions provided with the expansion product Then carefully unpack the circuit board s to be installed 7 10 Following the instructions provided with the expansion board set any configuration jumpers on the expansion board Expanding Your System Open the main system unit cabinet and set the configuration jumpers on the system motherboard to match the new hardware arrangement You will be able to do this without removing the system motherboard from the main system unit chassis although you may need to unplug the disk drive ribbon cable from its connector to allow easy access to the jumpers mounting bracket Figure 7 3 Installing the Circuit Boards Expanding Your System 7 11 Disconnect any internal cables that may be in the way As you do make a note of their correct locations and orientations for later reattachment Unscrew the retaining screw for the slot guard and set it aside Mount the expansion board into the slot by gently sliding the board into the slot If the board is long enough to reach the card guide mounted on the front panel support flange
22. of the master diskette Sometimes though you may want to create a boot disk that doesn t have all of the external DOS commands on it For instance you may want to make an autoboot copy of an application software diskette To format a new diskette while placing the active MS DOS routines in the system area enter the following command at the system prompt CNDOS gt FORMAT A S The computer will load the FORMAT command file into system memory then respond Insert new diskette for drive A and press ENTER when ready Insert a new blank diskette and press the enter key to start the formatting process After the new diskette is formatted the active MS DOS routines will be copied into its system area When the copying is finished the computer will display Format complete Volume label 11 characters ENTER for none And the following screen will appear if you press ENTER If you want to have a volume label type the characters and enter Using Floppy Disks 5 9 ZXXXXXX bytes total disk space XXXXXXX bytes available on disk XXX bytes in each allocation unit XXXXX allocation units available on disk Volume Serial Number is XXXX XXXX Format another Y N Enter N to return to the system prompt Then enter CNDOS gt dir a The directory listing should appear similar to the following COMMAND COM XXXXX X XX XX X XXX 1 File s XXXXXXX bytes free Copying Files If you have a dual dr
23. power cord into an electrical outlet Using a Display Adapter Card 1 6 If you are using a non VGA monitor you ll need to install a display adapter video card in one of the computer s option slots before you can connect the monitor Your dealer may have already installed the video card for you If the video card has not yet been installed you ll need to follow the instructions in Chapter 7 to install an option card But first check the following table to make sure your display adapter card and monitor are properly matched Setting Up Your System Monitor video card compatibility Monitor Video card Monochrome Monochrome display adapter MDA Multimode graphics adapter MGA Enhanced graphics adapter EGA Hercules graphics card Color or EGA Color graphics adapter CGA Multimode graphics adapter MGA Enhanced graphics adapter EGA EGA cards support only EGA monitors When you are installing the video card check to make sure any switches or jumpers on the card are set properly For example you may need to change a switch setting to select color or monochrome See the documentation that came with your monitor or video card for instructions Note IE you wait ind iii ee of the on board one except mor rea ieee you should disable the om board VGA 1s ing SW2 Once you have installed your video card return to this section to connect your monitor to the computer If your monitor cam
24. program Once you have determined that your hard disk is clean that is to say neither partitioned nor formatted you should enter the SETUP program Note Ge If you are not familiar with the SETUP program take a moment to review the information in Chapter2 Running the Setup Program Turn your computer on When you see the following message Press lt DEL gt if you want to run SETUP EXTD SET press lt DEL gt key Move the cursor to the RUN SETUP option and press Enter The system displays the Setup Menu For now look at the information on the left side of the screen CMOS SETUP C Copyright 1985 1989 American Megatrends Inc Date mm date year Wed Jun 15 1990 Base memory size 640KB Time hour min sec 15 05 26 Ext memory size 0 MB Floppy drive A 1 82MB 5 Numeric processor Not installed Floppy drive B Not Installed Cyln Head Wpcom LZone Sec Size Hard disk C type 17 977 300 977 17 41MB Hard disk D type Not Installed Primary display Monochrome Keyboard Installed sn on us wo ms ei Scratch RAM option 1 Start up Speed High Speed Special memory None EMS Size OKB EXTENDED PERIPHERAL SETUP Month Jan Feb Dec Date 01 02 03 31 Year 1901 1908 2099 ESC Exit 1 Select PgUp PgDn Modify 6 4 Using Your Hard Disk Move the screen cursor bar down to the Hard Disk C parameter Using the PgUp and PgDn keys scroll thro
25. protective envelope Take out the backup copy diskette insert it into the disk drive and press the SPACEBAR key The computer will read the contents of the backup diskette and compare them with the copy of the master diskette that it has stored in memory If the information on the two diskettes is identical the computer will respond Compare OK Compare another diskette Y N Type N to return to the system prompt If there is a problem with the backup diskette or if you put the wrong diskette into the drive by mistake the computer will respond Compare error on side x track x If the computer shows compare errors start the copying procedure over again at the beginning The backup copy of the MS DOS diskette must be identical to the original After you have confirmed that the backup diskette is a good copy of the master MS DOS diskette you may put your master diskette away in a safe place From now on only use the master MS DOS diskette to make copies For all other purposes use the backup copy of the MS DOS diskette By using the backup copy you ensure that any accidental erasures can be replaced Using MS DOS With Your Computer 4 15 Co pying on Dual Drive Systems To make backup copies of your MS DOS diskettes on a dualdrive system follow the instructions below First turn your computer on and boot up MS DOS Choose the Command Prompt option from the DOS shell menu The system prompt will appear Enter
26. slide the board down the center groove of the guide Making sure the board is correctly aligned carefully insert the board s edge contacts into the slot connector on the main system unit s motherboard A gentle rocking motion is helpful in getting the board started in the edge connector Once started press the board into the motherboard connector until it is seated completely The tab at the bottom of the mounting bracket should fit into the slot at the bottom rear of the main system unit and the bracket s top flange should rest directly on top of the rear panel support CORRECT NO ELECTRICAL OR PHYSICAL RESTRICTIONS INCORRECT PHYSICAL RESTRICTIONS 7 12 Expanding Your System INCORRECT ELECTRICAL RESTRICTIONS Figure 7 4 Installing the Option Card in an Expansion Slot Check the board s alignment to make sure it is straight and level If necessary move the board slightly to align the hole in the top of the mounting bracket over the screw hole in the main system unit s rear panel flange Install the hold down screw that you removed earlier Reconnect any internal cables that were disconnected earlier If you have a problem making the cables reach their connectors you may have to move the board you just installed to another slot If any external equipment is used with the expansion board connect it to the board s rear panel connector s following the instructions given with the product See t
27. the following command A gt DISKCOPY A B This command indicates to MS DOS that you want to copy the contents of a diskette in the A drive to a new diskette located in the B drive The following message will be displayed Insert SOURCE diskette in drive A Insert TARGET diskette in drive B Press any key to continue from The TARGET diskette is the one you will be copying to Put your master MS DOS diskette in the A drive and a new blank diskette in the B drive Warning If you have any doubts about which diskette goes in which drive check them carefully Make sure that the write protect notch on the master MS DOS diskette is covered with a write protect tab 4 16 Using MS DOS With Your Computer Close both drive doors Press any key such as the SPACEBAR The A drive will be activated and your computer will display Copying xx tracks x Sectors Track x Side s The contents of the disk are being read into your computer s memory After a few moments the following message will appear Formatting while copying Copy another diskette Y N For now type N The system prompt will reappear To compare the backup diskette with the original you will use the DISKCOMP command Enter the command at the system prompt AN gt DISKCOMP A B The computer will respond Insert FIRST diskette in drive A Insert SECOND diskette in drive B Press any key when ready
28. the term root directory refer to your MS DOS User s Guide Files and Directories When the computer displays the C gt prompt again enter C gt DIR to see what you have done You should see a directory listing similar to the following Using Your Hard Disk 6 11 COMMAND COM XXXXX Z XX XX X XXX FORMAT EXE XXXXx X XX XX X XXX lt DIR gt X XX XX XXX X File s XXXXXXXX bytes free Just as MS DOS commands usually look at the current disk drive they also look at the current directory Since you can change the current logged disk drive you would expect to be able to change the current logged directory You can using the CD CHDIR command Enter the command series C gt CD DOS4 C gt DIR The directory listing displayed should look like this lt DIR gt X XX XX X XxX lt DIR gt X XX XX X XXX 2 File s XXXXXXXX bytes free 6 12 Using Your Hard Disk You have just moved to the DOS4 subdirectory The two lt DIR gt entries indicate that you are currently logged onto a disk subdirectory The period entry represents the current directory while the double period entry represents the parent directory for the current subdirectory These shorthand entries allow you to move up and down through a directory tree rapidly To see how these shortcuts work enter the command series C gt CD C gt DIR You will see that you are back in the hard disk root directory Now return
29. your hard disk directories as described in the Organizing Your Hard Disk section above enter the command C gt BACKUP C DOS4 A S In the first example the A BACKUP command tells MS DOS to search the A drive for the BACKUP COM file In the second the C DOS4 statement will automatically direct MS DOS to look in the C DOS4 subdirectory for the file Using Your Hard Disk In both examples the A portion of the command tells MS DOS that you want to start the backup routine with the root directory of the hard disk and store the backup files on diskettes in drive A The final S switch tells MS DOS to back up all of the subdirectories on the hard disk in addition to the root directory For a more detailed explanation of the MS DOS BACKUP command see your MS DOS User s Guide The RESTORE Command MS DOS provides the RESTORE command program to allow you to copy files from the archive diskettes created by the BACKUP command back onto the hard disk You should only use the RESTORE command if Q Your hard disk has been damaged then repaired or replaced Q Files have been accidentally erased from the hard disk m You have reformatted the hard disk To use RESTORE first make sure the hard disk is ready to receive files Boot your system up with the MS DOS installed diskette in drive A When you get to the system prompt enter A gt C If the computer responds with Using Your Hard Disk 6 19 enter If a director
30. 3 1 44MB 3 Not installed The CMOS Setup Program 2 5 Q Hard Disk Drive Setup Drives C and D are the hard disk drives in the system 46 drive types have been defined by AMI If for some reason or other your particular drive is not one of the 46 pre defined types simply scroll down to type 47 and enter the following drive specifications cylinders heads WPcom LZone and sectors Please consult the documentation received with the drive for the specific values that will give you optimum performance Q Display Type Setup The next option is primary display selection The options are as follows Type of Display Allowed Monochrome Color 40 x 25 Color 80 x 25 VGA or EGA Not Installed U Keyboard Setup The Keyboard Setup is the next option for the user You may either choose to enable or disable the Keyboard test during Power On Self Test by setting keyboard as Installed or Not Installed Q Start up Speed This parameter is used to select the system s default speed The options are e High speed Under this option your system is initially booting with 20MHz CPU speed when you turn the power on The CMOS Setup Program e Low speed Select this option is to boot your system with 1OMHz CPU speed when turning the power on Special memory This parameter is used to boost your system s performance by loading the BIOS and or VIDEO controller code into the RAM space between 640K and IM byte
31. ENTER If you want to have a volume label type the characters and enter XXXXXXX bytes total disk space XXXXXXX bytes available on disk XXX bytes in each allocation unit XXXXX allocation units available on disk Volume Serial Number is XXXX XXXX Format another Y N Enter N to return to the system prompt Remove the diskette from the drive and place it in its protective envelope 5 6 Using Floppy Disks The 4 option switch is used to format 360K byte doublesided doubledensity diskettes in the computer s high capacity disk drive To do this enter the command CNDOS gt FORMAT A 4 The computer will proceed to format the diskette Upon completion you will see this message Format complete Volume label 11 characters ENTER for none Press ENTER not to have a label of your disk Then the screen will display XXXXXXX bytes total disk space XXXXxXXXX bytes available on disk XXX bytes in each allocation unit XXXXX allocation units available on disk Volume Serial Number is XXXX XXXX Format another Y N Enter N to return to the system prompt Remove the diskette from the drive and place it in its protective envelope Using Floppy Disks 5 7 5 8 Caution 360K byte diskettes formatted on 1 2M byte high density AT style drives may not be reliable when used on some 360K byte XT style drives The 4 option switch is primarily intended to permit the use of less expensive diskettes wit
32. GA Enable You should select only one of both COM1 and COM2 port Table B I Hardware Switches B 4 System Mother Board VGA Display Adapter Your system is capable of supporting three major types of video configurations e Using only the on board VGA video display adapter e Using only an add on video display adapter e Using both the on board and an add on video display adapter There is a switch selection required to properly configure the video display you are using SW2 enables or disables the on board adapter The SW2 should be set to whenever the on board adapter is enabled When dual adapters are used the on board video adapter is the primary An add on video board and monitor may be used in conjunction with the on board video display adapter You can use an add on monochrome display adapter and monochrome monitor And the on board VGA video display adapter is always the primary video display adapter in a multiple monitor installation If you want to use monochrome monitor as the primary video display use MODE command on the DOS prompt See the MS DOS manual for the instructions System Mother Board B 5 Connectors The system motherboard is provided with a number of connectors for communication with other parts of the computer system These connectors are discussed below For pinout information on these connectors see Appendix C Connector Pinouts The connectors provided on the system motherbo
33. Ground output output 1 0 VO output Input output Input 1 0 output Input Input Input Input Input output output output Power output Ground GND RESET DRV 5 VDC IRQ9 5 VDC DRQ2 12 VDC OWS 12 VDC GND SMEMW SMEMR IOW IOR DACK3 DRQ3 DACK1 DRQ1 REFRESH CLK IRQ7 IRQ6 IRQ5 IRQ4 IRQ3 DACK2 TC BALE 5 VDC OSC GND Connector Pinouts C 7 Q Expansion Slot Connector Pinouts continued I O I O VO Input Input Input Input Input Input Input output Input output Input output input output Input Power Input Ground ae BS a et ONDOOR Wh SD8 SD9 SD10 SD11 D12 SD13 SD14 SD15 MEM CS16 O CS16 IRQ10 IRQ11 IRQ12 IRQ15 IRQ14 DACKO DRQO DACK5 DRQ5 DACK6 DRQ6 DACK7 DRQ7 5 VDC MASTER GND C 8 Connector Pinouts
34. M byte Drive Support e I O Ports lea 9 pin RS 232C asynchronous serial communication port lea 25 pin centronics compatible parallel printer port lea 5 pin Keyboard port lea 6 pin PS 2 compatible mouse port lea 15 pin VGA video port e Audio Support 1 mini speaker e Real Time Clock with system configuration CMOS RAM CPU Logic e Main Central 386sx 20 microprocessor Processor IC e Math 387sx 20 coprocessor Coprocessor IC Synchronous interface method System Memory e Memory Address Space 24 address lines 16MB e Data Interface 16 bit memory access A 2 Specifications e Memory Bank Configurations 2 38 2 0 25 30 The on board memory above 16MB is only available for EMS memory e BIOS ROM 64K byte 150ns 2ea Specifications A 3 e Video RAM Memory Size Resolution Remarks 256KB 256 4 2ea 640 480 Standard 512KB 256 4 4ea 1024 768 Max System I O e DMA Channels 8 bit operations 4 channel 16 bit operations 3 channel e Programmable Timers 3 e Vectored Interrupt Levels 15 System Timing e System Clock Speed 20MHz high 1OMHz low e Clock Cycle Time 50ns 20MHz 10Ons 10MHz A 4 Specifications I O Address Map Hex range Device 000 01 F 8237A 5 DMA Controller 1 020 03F 8259A Interrupt Controller 1 040 05F 8254 2 Timer 060
35. MS DOS must be in the 1 16 Setting Up Your System computer s memory before you can run any program such as a word processing program or a spreadsheet program The Command Prompt After the computer has loaded MS DOS from the hard disk you see the MS DOS command prompt on the screen C gt The command prompt tells you that your computer is ready to receive instructions It also identifies the current operating drive A or C for example The command prompt appears on the screen whenever you load MS DOS complete an MS DOS command or exit an application In your computer the diskette drive is A and the hard disk is drive C If you have an optional second diskette drive MS DOS identifies it as B 8 Copying System Diskettes Perform the following procedure only if your system is configured with a single floppy disk drive If your system has two floppy disk drives and or a hard disk drive see Chapter 4 Using MS DOS with your computer Now that you have started your system and loaded MS DOS it is important that you make copies of your MS DOS diskettes right away Use the copies called working copies as they are needed and store the originals in a safe place Each of the system diskettes is formatted for 1 2MB Formatting prepares a diskette to store data and is described in Chapter 3 and Chapter 5 Setting Up Your System 1 17 1 18 To copy them you need eleven 1 2MB highdensity 54 inch diskettes
36. S DOS Install diskette will help you back up your hard disk The first BACKUP will copy files from the hard disk onto diskettes The other RESTORE allows you to use the diskettes created by the BACKUP program to reload the files back onto the hard disk if necessary The following sections describe how to use these two command programs The BACKUP Command This command backs up one or more files from your hard disk onto floppy diskettes The diskettes must be formatted by the MS DOS FORMAT command Do not use the S switch when formatting these diskettes Disk space taken up by the inclusion of the active MS DOS routines would be wasted with the BACKUP command Note For information on formatting diskettes see Chapter 5 Using Floppy Disks 6 16 Using Your Hard Disk When you back up your hard disk using BACKUP the first thing to do is to format enough blank disks to hold the backed up files Once you start the BACKUP routine you won t want to stop the program to format more diskettes BACKUP takes time even on a high speed computer Stopping the BACKUP command before completion usually means that you would have to start the process over again Therefore make sure you have enough formatted diskettes before you start How Many Diskettes The number of diskettes you will need depends on two things First how much of the hard disk will you be backing up Second what is the capacity of the diskettes you will be using
37. S232C serial interface port See the printer s manual for complete installation instructions Connecting Modems Modems are used to connect your computer to the telephone line Since the electronic requirements for the transmission of 7 4 Expanding Your System your voice are different from those used by your computer a modem is used to translate your digital information to a signal that can be sent over the telephone lines Internally mounted modems are attached to a circuit board that will be installed inside your main system unit These modems can communicate directly with the system CPU through your computer s internal circuitry The telephone line is plugged into a socket located on the rear panel of the modem External modems connect to your computer s RS 232C serial port Connectors are provided on the modem itself for attachment to the phone system Connecting External Disk Drives At some point you may decide to add an external disk drive This may become necessary if all of the internal drive compartments are in use or if you want to place your main system unit away from your work area while keeping a drive next to your keyboard The floppy disk drive control port is provided on your system motherboard While the cabling for these ports has been designed to be used inside the main system unit cabinet it is possible to route the connectors outside to an external drive by using a longer cable This cable
38. SX386E OPERATIONS GERMAN RFI DECLARATION FOR CLASS B SELF CERTIFICATION Hiermit wird bescheinigt dass der TriGem SX386E in Ubereinstimmung mit den Bestimmungen der Vfg 1046 1984 funk entstort ist Der Deutschen Bundespost wurde das Inverkehrbringen dieses Ger tes angezeigt und die Berechtigung zur berpr fung der Serie auf Einhaltung der Bestimmungen einger umt TriGem Inc 4 NaengChun Dong Seodaemun Ku Seoul Korea English translation We hereby certify that the TriGem SX386E complies with the RFI suppression requirements of Vfg 1046 1984 The German Postal Services was the notified that equipment is being marketed The German Postal Service has the right to re test the equipment and verify compliance Note Replace 1046 with 1045 for household appliances tested per VDE 0875 IMPORTANT NOTICE DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY TriGem Computer Inc makes no representations or warranties with respect to this manual and shall not be held liable for technical or editorial omissions made herein nor incidental or consequential damages resulting from the furnishing performance or use of this manual Further TriGem Computer Inc reserves the right to make changes in the specifications of the product described within this manual at any time without notice and without obligation of TriGem Computer Inc to notify any person of such revision or changes COPYRIGHT NOTICE Copyright C 1991 by TriGem Computer Inc All right
39. a into files While you may store these folders in a cabinet your computer stores these files on disks Separating information into files allows you to work with that information more efficiently File Types There are two basic file types Cl Program files 0 Data files Program files are files that perform a task They manipulate the computer and data files in order to achieve a result MS DOS is a collection of program files as are the control programs found in application software Data files are files that contain the information data used by program files A file containing a list of names and addresses would be a data file The two types of files are closely related Program files usually create data files These may be the documents created by a word processor the numerical array created by a spreadsheet or some other collection of information Using MS DOS With Your Computer 4 19 A data file containing a written report can t do anything by itself On the other hand a word processor is useless without documents to work on Filenames and Extensions Needless to say each file on a disk must be uniquely identifiable To achieve this MS DOS requires that you name every file you create as you create it In order to be able to manipulate files easily MS DOS has certain rules that you must follow when naming files As you will see these rules leave you a great deal of freedom in your selection of filenames
40. al The system provides on board one serial ports COMI and COM2 that is selectable by SETUP If enabled serial port conflict with off board serial port on board serial port is disabled and display the message for conflict 2 8 The CMOS Setup Program e Parallel The system provides one parallel port that can be selected as LPT or LPT2 by SETUP If enabled parallel port makes conflict with off board parallel port on board parallel port is disabled and display the message for conflict Leaving the Setup Program When you have completed the changes press the lt ESC gt key The SETUP program will display the message Write data into CMOS and exit Y N If you have made any mistakes press N for No then move the cursor back up to the beginning and verify each parameter making any corrections necessary When you are satisfied with the option settings press the lt ESC gt key then press Y to write the new settings into the configuration RAM Your computer will run through the self test diagnostics again and try to read a diskette in the first floppy disk drive As mentioned above you may see an error message if you don t have a system diskette inserted into the floppy disk drive The CMOS Setup Program 2 9 Chapter 3 Using Your Computer This chapter covers the following basic procedure for using your computer Q Changing the operating speed Q Using special keys on the keyboard Q Stopping a command or progr
41. al Hard Disk Drive If you are to mount the internal hard disk drive inside the main system unit case follow the steps below m Remove the cover from the main system unit as described previously Attach the hard disk drive next to the Floppy disk drive on the right side of the system Screw the hard disk drive on the system using 4 screws Connect the hard disk drive controller cables power cable and signal cable to the drive Replace the main system unit cover Expanding Your System 7 15 Figure 7 6 Mounting the Internal Hard Disk Drive Expanding Your System 7 16 Appendix A Specifications Computer System e Operating Temperature 41 to 95 F 5 to 35 C e Storage Temperature 5 to 140 F 15 to 60 C e Operating Humidity 20 to 80 no condensation e Storage Humidity 10 to 90 no condensation e Compatibility IBM PC AT e Power Supply 85W 115 Range 100 125VAC 2 2A 50 6OHz 230 Range 200 240VAC LIA 50 60Hz e Keyboard 101 key keyboard System Motherboard e Firmware AMI Software BIOS e Operating System MS DOS Support e Bus Interface IBM PC XT PC AT compatible e Expansion Slots 4ea 16 bit 98 pin connector Specificatoins A 1 e Dynamic RAM _ IM bytes expandable 32M bytes on with parity Motherboard 8Ons fast page mode 256KB SIMM 256K 9 bit 1MB SIMM 1M 9 bit 4MB SIMM 4M 9 bit e Floppy Disk 2ea 360K 720K 1 2M or 1 44
42. am O Using disks and disk drives Changing the Operating Speed Your computer can operate at two speeds 8MHz or 20MHz At 20MHz the computer performs all tasks faster and almost all programs may be run at 20MHz However some option cards and application programs require the slower speed See your option card or application program manual to make sure that you can use the higher speed before selecting it Keyboard Method The following keystroke sequences can be used to set the processor clock speed e Ctrl Alt lt gt Hold down the lt Ctrl gt and lt Alt gt keys and press lt gt on the numeric keypad to place the system in low speed mode Using Your Computer 3 1 e Ctrl Alt lt gt Hold down the lt Ctrl gt and lt Alt gt keys and press lt gt on the numeric keypad to place the system in high speed Changing the operating speed may be performed with the TriGem Utility TGSS COM This program is located on the MS DOS diskette supplied with the system You can find the detailed description of TGSS COM in your MS DOS User s Guide Special Keys on your Keyboard Certain keys on your keyboard serve special functions when your computer is running programs The illustration below shows the TriGem keyboard and the table that follows describes the special keys mem O BEER PY EE LE I EPI EEE Be EE EPE EEE EI EEE EEE ee H H WHH Figure 3 1 Keyboard 101 key
43. and provide you with the basic tools you need run application software on your computer system For more detailed explanation of the MS DOS operating system see your MSDOS USER S GUIDE MS DOS is an acronym for Microsoft Disk Operating System The disk operating system is a collection of programs that allow you to control all the elements of your computer When booting up the MS DOS command file is copied from the MS DOS main disk into your computer s memory From there it controls the rest of the system During a normal operating session you will want your computer system to boot up in MSDOS Before that can happen however you may need to install MS DOS on your system If your system does not have a hard disk system you must perform the installation routine to configure MS DOS for floppy disk based operation If you do have a hard disk drive but MS DOS has not been installed you must perform the installation routine to configure MS DOS for use on the hard disk system For complete instructions on installing MS DOS see your MS DOS User s manual Using MS DOS With Your Computer 4 1 MS DOS Diskettes Your MS DOS software package contains of the following items One MS DOS Install Diskettes One MS DOS Select Diskette Three MS DOS Operating Diskettes O Q a 4 One MS DOS Shell Diskette Q The MS DOS User s Guide amp User s Reference oO The MS DOS Shell User s Guide Begin the installation procedure
44. any key when ready Press ENTER after you insert the diskette into the drive then the system prompt will be B gt If you have a dual floppy disk drive system the second or B drive is now the system default drive as indicated by the new system prompt If performed on a single drive computer system this command will still change the system prompt to B gt even though there is only one physical drive present The BIOS pretends there are two disk drives present It routes all commands intended for the B drive back to the A drive This feature is intended to allow owners of single drive systems to use application software designed for dual drive systems Copying Your MS DOS Diskettes The first important task you must complete with your new system is to make a backup copy of your MS DOS diskettes To do this you will need seven blank diskettes It is a good idea to prepare seven diskette labels at this time Write the following on those diskette labels using a felt tipped pen Using MS DOS With Your Computer 4 11 MS DOS MAIN SYSTEM DISKETTE BACKUP COPY Version Write down the MS DOS version number on each diskette label This will avoid confusion later if you upgrade your operating system to a new version As you finish copying and checking each MS DOS master diskette peel the correct label off of the backing paper and place it on the upper left hand side of the front face of the new diskette T
45. ard are for signal power in facing and the I O ports as follows Connector Function Power connector Battery connector AT bus interface connector AT Keyboard connector Indicator board connector Serial port 1 connector Parallel port connector IDE HDD connector FDD connector PS 2 mouse connector VGA connector Table B 2 120 pin Expansion Slot J3 Configure any option board according to the directions supplied with the board and place it in the riser card that connectors to the expansion slot B 6 System Mother Board install che riser card with its pins B1 B60 fthe expansion slot cause sever damage to the i d ko tly into the expansion slot both the option board and Expansion Slots J2 J4 J6 and J8 on the backplane board The system backplane board which is connected to 120pin edge connector contains four expansion slots as follows e Four 16 bit slots for PC AT boards or 8 bit PC XT boards Keyboard Port J4 The keyboard connector J4 is a 5pin DIN connector for keyboards that are compatible with the IBM AT keyboard Parallel Port J7 Connector J7 on the system board provides a standard Centronics 25pin parallel interface Serial Port J6 Connector J6 provides the standard AT type RS 232C serial interface System Mother Board B 7 Power Connector J1 The system board requires four DC voltage 12V 12V 5V and 5V The power connector respectively suppli
46. bytes are made up of groups of eight bits Using eight bit bytes results in 256 basic combinations each of which corresponds with a specific letter or number 7 2 Expanding Your System Note Your computer is referred to as a 386SX computer This means that the micro processor can manipulate 32 bits of data at a time over the 16 parallel data lines and address over 16MB of memory Serial Ports There are two basic kinds of general purpose I O Input Output port One kind is a serial port where data bits are sent one at a time along a single wire in series Additional wires are used to send control signals between the transmitting and receiving devices These control signals allow the two communicating devices to determine which of them will send or receive the data and when the first bit of a particular byte is being sent among other things Standardized protocols for these signals have been agreed upon by the microcomputer industry so that the different manufacturer s machines can communicate with each other You will be prompted to insert the backup archiev diskettes into the A drive one at a time It is very important that you insert these diskettes in order The BACKUP command program codes each archive diskette with an identification number which is read by the RESTORE program The use of this i d number ensures that your files are reassembled properly and loaded into the correct subdirectories Your com
47. can be routed outside the main system unit by way of an unused expansion slot panel For installation instructions refer to the manual provided with your external disk drive Note For instructions on opening the main system unit cabinet see the section Opening and Closing the Case later in this chapter Expanding Your System 7 5 System Expansion And Upgrades This section deals with the addition of expansion boards and products to your computer s main system unit Although most expansion products are provided with detailed instructions for their installation and use it is recommended that you read through this section in order to familiarize yourself with some of the basic principles of expanding your computer Tools Required To install most expansion products in your main system unit you will usually need the following tools Q a small medium Phillips type screwdriver DO a small flat blade screwdriver General Precautions In the interests of personal safety and product reliability you should review the following information Q Follow all of the instructions and warnings marked on this product or included in this manual Q Make sure you have enough room to work on the unit If necessary disconnect any peripheral device cables connected to the unit s rear panel Q For additional information on safety and maintenance refer to the appropriate sections of this manual s introductory chapter
48. can is a trademark of Sony Corporation FCC COMPLIANCE STATEMENT This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help To meet FCC requirements shielded cables and power cords are required to connect the device to a personal computer or other Class B certified device If you experience problems with radio and or television reception through the use of this product the following booklet published by the FCC may prove helpful How to id
49. described in a previous section Caution It is best not to turn off the computer to stop a program or command If you have created new data that you have not yet stored it will be erased if you turn off the computer Your computer stores data in its memory until you save it but the memory area is erased each time you turn off or reset the computer Using Disks and Disk Drives The disk drives in your computer allow you to store data on disk and retrieve it when you want it This section explains how disks work and tells you how to do the following DO Choose diskettes Using Your Computer 3 5 Care for your diskettes and diskette drives Insert and remove diskettes Write protect diskettes Make backup copies of your diskettes Use a single diskette drive ooo oO 00 Use a hard disk drive How Disks Store Data The diskette you insert in your computer s diskette drive is made of flexible plastic coated with magnetic material It is enclosed in a square jacket Your computer stores data on the diskette by recording on the magnetic surface Unlike a diskette a hard disk is rigid and fixed in place It is sealed in a protective case to keep it free from dust and dirt A hard disk stores data the same way that a diskette does but it works faster and has much larger storage capacity All disks are divided into data storage compartments by sides tracks and sectors Double sided diskettes like the ones you
50. disk drive To do this enter the command After loading the FDISK program the computer will display information on the hard disk drive installed in the system as follows MS DOS Version x xx Fixed Disk Setup Program C Copyright Microsoft Corp 19xx 19xx FDISK Options Current fixed disk drive 1 Choose one of the following Create DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive Set active partition Delete DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive Display Partition information Select Next fixed disk drive Enter choice 1 Press ESC to exit FDISK 6 6 Using Your Hard Disk Note If you only have one hard disk drive option 3 will not be displayed Press ENTER to choose the default selection Create a DOS Partition The FDISK menu will disappear and be replaced by Create DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive Current fixed disk drive 1 Choose one of the following l Create Primary DOS Partition R Create Extended DOS Partition 3 Create Logical DOS Drive s in the Extended DOS partition Enter choice 1 Press ESC to return to FDISK options To create a single MS DOS partition for your entire hard disk drive select the default option 1 by pressing ENTER The Create Primary DOS partition menu appears next Create Primary DOS partition Current Fixed Disk Drive 1 Do you wish to use the maximum size for a DOS partition and make the DOS partition active Y N Press ESC to return to Fdisk Opt
51. e information stored on the diskette The plastic disk is safely protected by a thin jacket The diskette spins inside this jacket allowing the entire surface of the diskette to be scanned by the drive s circuitry Data is read from or written onto the diskette through the oval shaped slots in the jacket Normally the computer will write new information onto the unused space on the diskette If there is no unused space your computer will inform you that the disk is full You can instruct the computer to write over the information that is already on the diskette You might do this to update an inventory file or change an address and phone number in a database Caution l feed Updating or overwriting data stored on a dis erase the old information Under most circumstances y you cannot get it back Using Floppy Disks Formatting Diskettes When you get a new carton of diskettes they are not yet ready to be used First they must be prepared to accept data This is called formatting the diskette MS DOS uses the same formatting method regardless of the computer used This is one of the keys to intermachine compatibility Since all PC compatible computers use MS DOS they can read all disks created by any other PC compatible machine Note MS DOS formats disks with a different pattern than Apple DOS or CP M This is why your computer cannot read these foreign disks To see what happens wh
52. e with its own manual follow the instructions there Otherwise you can follow the steps in Using the VGA Interface above just insert your monitor connector into the video card port instead of the built in VGA port Setting up Your system 1 7 4 Connecting a Printer Mouse or Modem The computer has a parallel interface and two serial interfaces on the back panel so you can easily connect a printer or other type of device with either type of interface For example you can use the parallel port to connect a parallel printer most printers have a parallel interface You can use the serial port to connect a serial printer a serial mouse or an external modem Follow the steps in this section to connect a printer or other peripheral device to either the parallel or serial interface Using the Parallel Interface The parallel interface on your computer is Centronics compatible and uses a 25 pin connector To connect a parallel printer to your computer you need an IBM compatible printer cable If you are not sure which one you need or whether you have the right one check with the store where you purchased the printer Once you have the correct printer cable follow these steps to connect the printer to the parallel interface on the computer 1 Place the printer next to your computer 2 One end of the printer cable has a 25 pin male connector Connect this end to the parallel port on the back panel of the computer as
53. eas Removing the Motherboard OWHCHES na ea VGA Display Adapter ausser es era ar Connectots ya ae ae xvi Contents Appendix C Connector Pinouts VOROS testes ee ee yaar ie a bee eh C l Expansion Slot Connectors euer C 5 Contents xvil Introduction Your computer is powerful versatile and easy to use After setting up your system with the simple instructions in this manual you ll soon be using your favorite software programs This computer is available in these configurations m The System provides one 1 2MB megabyte diskette drive and an optional 1 44MB diskette drive and or 40MB or 80MB hard disk drive This model comes with 1MB of internal memory a total of four internal option slots a System Motherboard an on board IDE interface and built in serial and parallel interfaces Your computer comes with MS DOS the operating system by Microsoft In addition to the introduction to MS DOS provided in this manual you ll find a complete reference manual for the operating system packed in the box with the computer As your needs grow so can your computer you can expand your system by adding a wide variety of options You can install most option cards compatible with the IBM Personal Computer If you use software that executes lengthy mathematical calculations you may want to install an 387SX math coprocessor to speed up processing Introduction 1 How to Use This Manual 2 This ma
54. ect the power cord 1 Insert the power cord into the AC inlet on the computer s back panel as shown below To avoid an electric shock be sure to plug the cord into the computer before plugging it into the wall socket Figure 1 7 AC Power Connections 2 Plug the other end of the power cord into a three prong grounded electrical outlet Setting Up Your System 1 11 NE connect i Nt en and should be a accessible sein Diea hen ET Sone ws te supply cord of type HAR u HONE should be used woke ein n Nea ei Typ HAR n mit der Connecting the Keyboard Your keyboard has only one cable to connect This simply plugs into the keyboard connector located at the bottom of the main system unit s rear panel This connector is designed to prevent insertion if the pins don t line up so it may be necessary to rotate the cable connector until the mark on the connector is pointing up so it plugs in easily Figure 1 8 Connecting the Keyboard 1 12 Setting Up Your System Adjusting the Keyboard Angle You can change the angle of the keyboard by adjusting the legs on the bottom Turn the keyboard over and lift each leg upward until it locks into place as shown below You lock the legs into a low or high position or leave them flat UF Figure 1 9 Adjusting the Keyboard Angle 7 Turning On the Computer Before you turn on your computer read the following safety rules to avoid accidentally damaging the comput
55. ection if MS DOS 4 01 has already been installed on the optional hard disk drive To start MS DOS 4 01 on a floppy disk based system that is on without a hard disk drive follow these steps given below For a detailed description of how to start MS DOS 4 01 consult the Getting Started section in your MS DOS 4 01 User s Guide DO Remove the MS DOS Install diskette from its protective envelope and insert it into the A drive Close the disk door and turn your computer on Remove the Install disk and insert the Select disk Q Q O Press ENTER 0 Remove the Select disk and insert the Install disk m Press ENTER The Welcome screen appears This screen contains information about the number of disks required to install the operating system DO Press ENTER The Introduction screen appears This screen contains information about the function keys used to run the Select program 0 Press ENTER The first screen of the Select program appears For more information about the Select program consult the Getting Started section in your MS DOS 4 01 User s Guide Using MD DOS With Your Computer If your computer has a hard disk drive and MS DOS has been installed simply turn your system on Your computer will perform its self test diagnostics and display the DOS Shell menu screen Notice that the words Command Prompt are highlighted by a solid bar This is a DOS Shell option that allows you to work directly with MS DOS
56. en you attempt to use an unformatted disk insert a new blank diskette into the A drive and close the drive door Then enter the following command C DOS gt DIR A Since the new disk hasn t been formatted yet your computer cannot read it After failing three times your computer will respond General Failure error reading drive A Abort Retry Failure If you type R for Retry or A for Abort the computer will attempt to read the diskette again and will finally display the same message Using Floppy Disks 5 3 When you type F for failure the computer will automatically cancel the attempt and will return display the following message Current drive is no longer valid Remove the unformatted disk from the drive The FORMAT Command 5 4 MS DOS provides an external command program called FORMAT COM that will format your blank diskettes When running this program there are options available that allow you to format several different types of diskette The following routines will show you how to use the FORMAT command These procedures assume that you are formatting double sided high density 1 2M byte diskettes AT compatible Information on formatting 180K byte and 360K byte diskette will be discussed under the l and 4 switch options below First if you have a hard disk installed MS DOS on your system then enter CNDOS gt FORMAT A The computer will load the FORMAT command file into system
57. enn Sie Verl ngerungskabel benutzen m en Sie sicher sein da die gesamte Leistungsaufnahme incht gr er ist als das Verl ngerungskabel zul t Der gesamte Stromverbrauch aller angeschlossenen Ger te darf nicht mehr als 15 A betragen Wenn Sie das Ger t reinigen mu das Netzkabel aus der Steckdose gezogen werden Q Das Ger t d rfen Sie nicht in der N he von Wasserleitungen benutzen Wartung des Computers Wenn der Computer nicht ordnungsgem arbeitet d rfen Sie nur die Finstellungen vomehmen die im Handbuch genannt werden Andere Einstellungen oder Ver nderungen k nnen den Computer besch digen oder zerst ren Umfangreiche und kostspielige Reparaturen w rden notwendig werden um das Ger t wieder betriebsf hig zu machen Ziehen Sie den Netzstecker aus der Steckdose und verst ndigen Sie den zust ndigen Kundendienst bei folgenden St rungen netzkabel ist defekt oder strak abgenutzt Fl ssigkeit ist in dass Ger t gesch ttet worden m m ty Das Ger t war Regen oder Leitungswasser aus gesetzt y Das Ger t ist heruntergefallen oder das Geh use ist besch digt Q Das Ger t arbeit nicht mehr richtlg xi ACHTUNG Wenn Sie das Ger t ffnen m en Abnahme der verschraubten Haube ist unbedingt folgendes zu beachten DO Das Netzkabel mu aus der Steckdose gezogen werden und zwar bevor Sie das Ger t ffnen B Die Haube muss wieder monitert und verschraubt werden Erst dann
58. ension For instance to look at a listing of all the EXE program files on your main system diskette enter the command A gt DIR EXE This will produce a directory that looks like this APPEND EXE XXXX X XX XK XX XXX EXE EXE EXE EXE XX File s XXXXX bytes free 4 26 Using MS DOS With Your Computer Application Software Now that you know how to make backup copies of your diskettes and how to work with MS DOS you can proceed to use application software Most software packages come with detailed instructions for their set up and use These instructions will often ask you to use the information in this chapter to find specific files in the disk directories or back up the master diskettes provided with each package Most software packages can be backed up simply by using the MS DOS DISKCOPY command as described previously Using MS DOS With Your Computer 4 27 Chapter 5 Using Floppy Disks Description Your computer works with a large electronic memory array called RAM This stands for Random Access Memory Your system s RAM is actually an array of electronic circuits As long as the computer is powered up this circuit array will remember whatever is placed in it When you turn the power off however these circuits will forget Therefore you need some way of retaining your programs and data after you turn the system off The most usual way of storing data at least on DOS based computer sys
59. ensity and diskette type when you label your diskettes Usually this information appears on the manufacturer s label If you have any combination of the above drives 360KB 1 2MB 720KB or 1 44MB you can copy files from one drive to another using the COPY or XCOPY command as long as the correct diskette type is in each drive You can use these commands to copy files between the hard disk and any type of diskette You cannot use the DISKCOPY to copy from one drive to another if the two drives are not the same type Caring for Diskettes and Diskette Drives Follow these basic precautions to protect your diskette and avoid losing data Q Do not remove a diskette from the diskette drive or turn off the computer while the drive light is on This light indicates that the computer is copying data to or from a diskette If you interrupt this process you can destroy data Q Remove all diskettes before you turn off the computer Q Keep diskettes away from dust and dirt Small particles of dust or dirt can scratch the magnetic surface and destroy data Dust can also ruin the read write heads in a diskette drive Never wipe brush or try to clean diskettes in any way Q Keep diskettes in a moderate environment They work best at normal room temperature and in normal humidity Do not leave your diskettes sitting in the sun or in extreme cold or heat 3 10 Using Your Computer Keep diskettes away from magnetic fields Remember
60. entify and Resolve Radio TV Interference Problems Stock No 004 400 00398 5 This booklet is available from the U S Government Printing Office Washington D C 20402 IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS The following instructions pertain to the risk of fire electric shock or bodily injury Please read all of these instructions carefully O Save these instructions for later use Q Follow all of the instructions and warnings marked on this product or included in this manual J Do not use this computer on an unstable cart stand or table The product may fall causing serious damage to the product 4 Slots and openings in the cabinet and the back have been provided for ventilation To ensure the reliable operation of your computer and to protect it from overheating these openings must not be blocked or covered Don t use this product on a bed sofa rug or other similar surface This product should never be placed near or over a radiator or heat register This product should not be placed in a built in installation unless proper ventilation is provided Q Never push objects of any kind into the computer through the cabinet openings as they may touch dangerous voltage points or short out parts that could result in a fire or electrical shock Never spill liquid of any kind on the product Q This computer should only be connected to the AC power source indicated on your computer system s information label If you are not su
61. er Volume in drive A has no label Directory of A File not found A gt Multiple Disk Drive Systems The DIR command can be used to read the directories of other drives in your system if any are installed For instance to read the directory of the B drive when you are logged onto drive A enter the command A gt DIR B The computer will display the directory of the diskette inserted in the B drive A similar command A gt DIR C will cause the computer to display the directory of your hard disk Note that in both examples the A drive remains the default drive To change the default drive from A to B and then display a directory listing enter the command series A gt B B gt DIR Using MS DOS With Your Computer 4 25 The computer will display the B drive diskette s directory then remain logged to the B drive Wildcards Quite often when dealing with disk files you may find yourself looking through directories for a particular file or group of files MS DOS has a way to help you sort out those files you want without having to read through the entire directory listing This is through the use of wildcard characters Wildcard characters are used to make a single command cover a number of similarly named files While MS DOS provides several wildcard characters the one you will be using most often is the asterisk The asterisk matches any number of sequential characters in a filename or ext
62. er or injuring yourself Do not unplug cables from the computer when the power switch is on Q Never turn off or reset your computer while a disk drive light is on This can destroy data stored on disk or make an entire disk unusable Similar y never remove a diskette from a diskette drive while the drive light is on Always wait at least five seconds after you switch off the power before you switch it on again Turning the power off and on rapidly can damage the computer s circuitry Setting Up Your System 1 13 Q Do not leave a beverage on top of or next to your system or any of its components Spilled liquid can damage the circuitry of your equipment Do not attempt to dismantle any part of the computer Only remove the cover to install and remove optional devices Note If you ever have to remove the main system unit cover observe the following precautions e The power supply cord must be unplugged before the main system unit cover is removed Separe le cordon d alimentation et puis enleve le couvercle e Once removed the cover must be replaced and screwed in position before the power supply cord is plugged back in Apres le couvercle a enleve visse te couvercle en place et remettre le cordon d alimentation Follow these steps to turn on your system 1 Turn on the monitor printer and any other peripheral devices connected to the computer 2 To turn on the computer press the power switch 1 14 S
63. es power to the system board and to the six expansion slots IDE Interface Connector J8 You use this 40 pin connector with IDE type Hard disk drive Note l If you want to Es che derailed pin assignment of tho IO connectors see Appendix D of this peen VGA Video Connector J11 This system provides the on board VGA connector J11 which requires an analog or multisync monitor with a 15 pin connector Mouse Connector J10 Connector J10 is to use the PS 2 type 6 pin mouse B 8 System MotherBoard Appendix C Connector Pinouts I O Ports DO RS 232C Serial port 9 pin subminiature D connector Pin I O Type Signal Name Carrier Detect CD Receive Data RD Transmit Data TxD Data Terminal Ready DTR Signal Ground GND Data Set Ready DSR Request to Send RTS Clear to Send CTS Ring Indicator Rl OONDOAKRWDY Connector Pinouts C 1 DO Centronics compatible parallel printer port 25 pin subminiature D connector VO Type Signal Name strobe Data Bit 0 Data Bit 1 Data Bit 2 Data Bit 3 Data Bit 4 Data Bit 5 Data Bit 6 Data Bit 7 oo Non PO ODM Acknowledge Busy Paper Out select Autofeed Error Initialize Printer Select Printer GND Q Keyboard Port S pin mini DIN connector Pin Signal Name Keyboard Clock Keyboard Data Reserved Ground 5v C 2 Connector Pinouts a IDE Port Pin OAnNooah
64. etting Up Your System Power Switch Figure 1 10 Power Switch The power indicator on the front panel lights up After a few seconds the computer starts to perform an internal self test This is a series of checks the computer completes each time you turn it on to make sure everything is working correctly If anything is wrong an error message appears on the screen After the self test is complete you see a message on the screen similar to the next page Setting Up Your System 1 15 256KB display memory 386 sx BIOS C 1989 American Megatrends Inc C 1991 TriGem Corporation XXXX KB OK Press lt ESC gt to bypass MEMORY test C American MegatrendsInce DNSX 6080 051690 KB The computer continually updates this display as it tests its memory This test takes about 15 seconds to complete You may see a message similar to this CMOS system options not set RUN SETUP UTILITY Press lt Fl gt to RESUME This means that the computer is not yet set up for the equipment you have installed and you must run the Setup program described in Chapter 2 For now press the Fl key on the upper left comer of the keyboard to acknowledge the message and continue If you cannot see the screen display clearly use the controls on your monitor to adjust the brightness and contrast until characters on the screen are clear and bright The computer then loads MS DOS the operating system from the hard disk into memory
65. for moving run the TGSHIP program Follow these steps to run TGSHIP 1 Exit any program you are using so the MS DOS command prompt is on the screen 2 Insert the MS DOS diskette in drive A 3 Type the following and press Enter A TGSHIP Using Your Computer You see a message on the screen that tells you the disk drive s read write heads will remain locked until you reset the computer or turn the power off and on again The computer locks the heads and disables the keyboard You can now turn off the computer and prepare to move it to the new location The TGSHIP command should be run whenever you are going to move the main system unit This command moves the read write heads inside the hard disk drive to a safety zone where they won t accidentally scratch the surface of the drive platters TGSHIP COM is a special DOS command file included with your system You should copy this file into the root directory of your hard disk drive See MS DOS reference manual for more information TGSHIP command Using Your Computer 3 19 Chapter 4 Using MS DOS With Your Computer Once you have your computer system up and running you may begin to work with MS DOS Virtually all application software available for IBM PC XT and PC AT compatible computer systems runs under MS DOS Therefore in order to use these programs you need to learn how to use MS DOS This chapter will give you a basic understanding of MS DOS
66. h AT compatible systems like this one If you need to have diskettes that can be safely read from and written to by both styles of computer you should format the lower capacity diskettes on the XT compatible system where they will be used Formatting a diskette allows you to use it by providing predetermined locations for certain files used by MS DOS Once formatted the disk directory space is created as well as additional areas reserved for use by MS DOS One of these areas is the File Allocation Table or FAT This part of the diskette contains a list of all of the files on the disk and where they are physically stored on the diskette The other area is the system area On your MS DOS main system diskette this area is occupied by the parts of MS DOS that are copied into your computer s memory during the start up routine During the start up procedure the BIOS program stored on the system motherboard looks at this part of the diskette to retrieve the active parts of the disk operating system If these MS DOS routines are not present in the system area of a diskette the BIOS cannot start up the computer This is what causes the error message DRIVE NOT READY ERROR Insert BOOT diskette A Press any key when ready Using Floppy Disks If your system does not have a hard disk drive you would normally boot the system up from the MS DOS system files The DISKCOPY command copied these files when you created the backup copy
67. have to run Setup when you start your computer Under the abnormal conditions an appropriate message displays advising you to run the Setup program These conditions indicate that an error has occurred during the power on self tests POSTS See Chapter 1 for a complete description of these tests Memory Test bypass The BIOS performs POSTs of the system and displays the size of the memory being tested The CMOS Setup Program 2 1 Note Note that you can bypass the memory test by pressing th lt ESC gt key This option would be useful when the memory on the system is quite large You should hit the lt ESC gt key when the following message appears on the screen Press lt ESC gt to bypass MEMORY test Using setup Immediately after the memory test you will get the following prompt on the screen depending upon the type of BIOS you have Press lt DEL gt if you want to run SETUP Hit lt DEL gt key to get into the Setup Mode Note lt DEL gt key will get you into the setup mode only when the above message is displayed on the screen If you hit lt DEL gt key a menu appears on the screen giving you the option to EXIT FOR BOOT RUN CMOS SETUP 2 2 The CMOS Setup Program Use lt Up T gt and lt Down gt keys to set the reverse video cursor on the option you want to select and use lt Enter gt to get into the option Note If your system s start up message doe
68. he DOS4 subdirectory Since the file is available in your hard disk ro directory it is not necessary to include it in the DOS4 subdirectory Later as your hard disk gets filled up with application software program and data files the disk space saved by deleting such duplicate files might become useful Repeat the copy procedure described above for the remaining disks in the MS DOS package Return to the root directory by entering C gt CD You have now completed organizing your hard disk and installing the MS DOS files into subdirectories As you can see the files have been placed in subdirectories according to the type of activity you will do when using them As you add application programs to the hard disk it is a good idea to create subdirectories to store them in so as to keep different program groups separated For more information on directory and subdirectory organization with MS DOS see your MS DOS User s Guide Using Your Hard Disk 6 15 Backing Up Your Hard Disk It is highly recommended that you make back up copies of your valuable hard disk files regularly Because hard disk drives are fragile they can sometimes be damaged It is also possible to erase some or all hard disk files through the use of incorrect FORMAT and COPY commands Backing up your files is the only way you can be sure that you don t lose information you may have spent months or even years gathering Two external command programs on your M
69. he expansion card s manual for any switches or jumpers to be set When the installation of the board is completed close the main system unit cabinet as described previously Expanding Your System 7 13 Disk Drive Compartments 7 14 To install expansion devices such as additional floppy disk drives into the main system unit s disk drive compartments follow the procedure given below First make yourself familiar with the specific installation procedure for the expansion device by reading all of the documentation provided Then remove the main system unit cover as described previously Select the drive compartment where you will install the expansion device Remove the blank front panel from the selected compartment by removing the mounting screws Slide the expansion device into the compartment along the side rails of the drive cage until it is all the way in Replace the hold down clamps and their mounting screws Connect any internal power cables to the correct pins on the rear of the expansion unit Connect any required control cables to the device Close the main system unit cabinet as described above To remove a floppy disk drive perform the installation instructions in reverse After adding or removing disk drives run setup and configure for the new disk drive Note Your main system unit is supplied wich s t era er de dre E B Expanding Your System Figure 7 5 Mounting the Floppy disk drive Intern
70. he following procedures will show you how to make backup copies of your MS DOS master diskettes on both single and dualdrive systems Copying on Single Drive Systems MS DOS uses the external command DISKCOPY to copy entire diskettes DISKCOMP is used to compare the original and backup diskettes to ensure that the copy is accurate To copy your master diskettes first turn your computer on and boot up MS DOS Choose the Command Prompt option from the DOS shell menu The system prompt will appear Enter the following command A gt DISKCOPY The following message will be displayed Insert SOURCE diskette in drive A Press any key to continue 4 12 Using MS DOS With Your Computer The SOURCE diskette is the disk that you will be copying from Insert the MS DOS master diskette into the A drive Press any key such as the SPACEBAR The floppy disk drive will be activated and your computer will display Copying xx tracks x Sectors Track x Side s The contents of the disk are being read into your computer s memory After a few moments the following message will appear Insert TARGET diskette in drive A Press any key to continue When the drive indicator light goes out remove the MS DOS master diskette from the floppy disk drive Insert a new blank diskette into the drive This is the TARGET diskette Caution Make sure the target diskette is blank en data on the diskette it will
71. hem from being accidentally erased or altered On a 3 inch diskette the write protect device is a small switch on the lower right comer on the back shown below To write protect a 32 inch diskette slide the switch toward the edge of the diskette until it clicks into position exposing a hole in the comer Write Protect Figure 3 7 3 Diskette amp Write Protect SW To remove the write protection slide the switch toward the center of the diskette so the hole is covered Making Backup Copies It is important to make copies of all your data and system diskettes Copy all diskettes that contain programs such as the original MS DOS diskettes that come with your computer and use only the copies Store your original MS DOS diskettes in a safe place away from your working copies Backup your data diskettes regularly whenever you revise them to keep them up todate and store them away from your originals Using Your Computer 3 15 Chapter 1 describes how to use DISKCOPY to copy your MS DOS diskette For more detailed information to make backups of other diskettes refer to Chapter 4 Using MS DOS with your computer It is best to put most of the programs and data files you use regularly on the hard disk Keep backup copies of all your program files on diskettes however and regularly copy important data files to diskettes as well Using a Single Diskette Drive The operating system expects the computer to have at lea
72. ial memory None EMS Size OKB EXTENDED PERIPHERAL SETUP Month Jan Feb Dec Date 01 02 03 31 Year 1901 1902 2099 ESC Exit gt t Select PgUp PgDn Modify This screen is the SETUP MENU This lists the parameters you can change with the SETUP program A solid cursor bar highlights the parameter currently available to be changed You can use the following key conventions 2 4 The CMOS Setup Program X Enter gt wu tchivesaiceavetaaudiveds proceed to next step St Seb SS Abid ER moves the selection bar lt PgUp gt lt PgDn gt scrolls allowable settings SESCA erben exit and save CMOS register lt Ctrl gt lt Alt gt lt Del gt exit without save Parameters Date and Time Setup The first entry in the Setup screen is current date A calendar has been provided for the user to facilitate him in this procedure Again simply press the lt PgUp gt or lt PgDn gt keys to select the appropriate value for the month date and year The procedure for setting the time is similar to that of setting the date The time here is 24 hour time so don t be alarmed when hour 13 shows up on the screen Simply highlight either the hours minutes or the seconds and press the lt PgUp gt lt PgDn gt keys to step through the numbers Q Floppy Disk Drive Setup Drives A and or B may be one of the following types Allowable Drive Types 360KB 5 ja 1 2MB 514 720KB
73. ions Using Your Hard Disk 6 7 To reserve the entire hard disk for MS DOS press the ENTER FDISK now displays the following message System will now restart Insert DOS diskette in drive A Press any key when ready It is common to use FDISK to create an MS DOS partition that takes up the entire hard disk drive and then make that partition bootable Now that you have completed these tasks you can restart your system using your MS DOS Install diskette Note For information on the settininthg FDISK menu selections see your MS DOS User s Guide Make sure the MS DOS install diskette is in the A drive then press the ENTER key Your system will now reboot It does this to update the new partition information in its configuration RAM You may now format your hard disk and load the MS DOS system files onto it Formatting Your Hard Disk Now that your hard disk is partitioned you need format it Note If your hard disk drive has already been partitioned for MS DOS it may have been formatted at the same time Use the DIR command to check the contents of the drive If your hard disk is formatted there may be files stored on it that you will need Skip this section on formatting and proceed to the next section Organizing Your Hatd Disk 6 8 Using Your Hard Disk If your hard disk needs to be formatted begin by selecting the Command Prompt option from the DOS shell Enter the following comma
74. its data Using Your Computer 3 11 Q Never turn off the computer when the hard disk drive light is on This light indicates that the computer is copying data to or from the hard disk If you interrupt this process you can lose data Q Never attempt to open the hard disk drive The disk itself is enclosed in a sealed container to protect it from dust Inserting and Removing Diskettes To insert a diskette into the drive hold it with the label facing up and the read write slot leading into the drive as shown below Figure 3 4 Inserting a Diskette 514 Slide the diskette into the slot until it is in all the way Then turn the drive latch down to lock it in a vertical position This keeps the diskette in place and enables the read write heads in the diskette drive to access the diskette 3 12 Using Your Computer If a diskette is in the drive but the latch is up horizontal and you enter a command for that drive the computer cannot tell there is a diskette in the drive and displays an error message such as Not ready error reading drive A Abort Fail Retry Close the latch and press R To remove the diskette turn the drive latch up until it is horizontal and the edge of the diskette pops out Carefully pull out the diskette place it in its protective envelope and store it in a proper location such as a diskette container If you have an optional 3 inch diskette drive insert the diskette with the
75. ive system it is easy to copy program and data files from one diskette to another This involves the internal MS DOS command COPY 5 10 Using Floppy Disks Put the source diskette in drive A and the target diskette in drive B At this time you may want to check the directories of both diskettes in order to make sure you will not overwrite a file on the target diskette with the same name as the one you want to copy Once you sure its safe to copy enter the COPY command with the following format AN gt COPY A filename B For example to copy the file MAYSALES RPT from drive A to drive B enter the command A gt COPY A MAYSALES RPT B When the copying process is done the computer will display 1 File s copied You can also enter this command without the default drive letter as AN gt COPY MAYSALES RPT B When no drive letter is specified for the source drive MS DOS assumes that you want to copy a file from the default drive Using Floppy Disks 5 11 To perform the operation in reverse that is to copy from the B drive to the default drive enter the command AN gt COPY B MAYSALES RPT Note that this time you were required to enter the source drive letter before the filename This is because in this example drive B is not the default drive However since no drive letter was specified for the target drive MS DOS copied the file onto the default or in this case A drive It
76. label facing up and the metal shutter leading into the drive as shown below Slide the diskette into the drive until it clicks into place r az W D koee u ZZ x Bm mm OOOO OOOO OOO Figure 3 5 Inserting a Diskette 3 Using Your Computer 3 23 To remove a 3 2 inch diskette press the release button to release it When the edge pops out of the drive pull out the diskette and store it properly Warning Never remove a diskette or turn off the computer while the drive indicator light is on You could lose data Also be sure to remove all diskettes before you turn off the computer Write protecting Diskettes You can write protect a diskette to prevent its data from being altered When a diskette is write protected you can read it and copy data from it but you cannot store new data on the diskette or delete any files it contains If you try to change data stored on a write protected diskette MS DOS displays an error message To write protect a 54 inch diskette cover the small rectangular notch shown below with an adhesive write protect tab Write protect tabs usually come with new 5 4 inch diskettes when you buy them amp a Write Protect Tab Figure 3 6 54 Diskettes amp Write Protect Tab 3 14 Using Your Computer Note Some program diskettes such as your MS DOS diskettes have no notch so they are permanently write protected This protects t
77. memory then will respond Insert new diskette for drive A and press ENTER when ready Using Floppy Disks Insert the new diskette to be formatted and press the ENTER key The computer will display XX Percent of disk formatted The formatting process takes a minute or two The computer will wait until the formatting process is complete then display Format complete Volume label 11 characters ENTER for none Press ENTER if you don t want to have a label of your disk Then the screen will display the following message XXXXXXX bytes total disk space XXXXXXX bytes available on disk XXX bytes in each allocation unit XXXXX allocation units available on disk Volume Serial Number is XXXX XxXXX Format another Y N Don t be concerned if the message displayed is slightly different from the example Enter N to return to the system prompt The new disk is now formatted and is ready for use Remove it from the disk drive and replace it in its protective envelope Using Floppy Disks 5 5 Option Switches To format 180K byte single sided singledensity diskettes in the computer s high capacity disk drive enter the FORMAT command using the l and 4 option switch CNDOS gt FORMAT A 1 The computer will proceed to format the diskette Upon completion you will see this message Format complete Volume label 11 characters ENTER for none The following screen will be appeared if you press
78. mputer system are Q Keyboards DO Video monitor systems Q Printers Expanding Your System 7 1 O Modems Q External disk drives Your computer is designed to communicate with peripherals by way of the connectors on the rear panel of the main system unit The connectors are called ports and allow information to be sent back and forth between the system CPU and a peripheral device Your keyboard and your video monitor connect to the main system unit by way of two specialized ports The keyboard is connected to the Keyboard port on the rear panel of the main system unit If you have purchased a video monitor system for your computer the display monitor is connected to the video port on the rear panel of the video controller card which is mounted inside your main system unit Since your system CPU must be in constant communication with both the keyboard and the display monitor specific circuits connect them together Since other peripheral devices only communicate with the system CPU occasionally they can use general purpose ports Computerized data is composed of electronic words called bytes As an example each letter or number that appears on your display monitor has been sent from the main system unit to the monitor itself in the form of a single byte This byte is made up of individual bits in the same way that a word is made up of letters In order to keep things consistent for the system CPU
79. nd A gt FORMAT C 8 V The floppy disk drive indicator will come on for a few seconds while the FORMAT command is loaded into memory When the light goes out the computer will display WARNING ALL DATA ON NON REMOVABLE DISK DRIVE C WILL BE LOST Proceed with Format Y N You should already have made sure that there is no information stored on the hard disk that you want to save Press Y to begin formatting The formatting process takes several minutes When it is completed the system will display Formatting System transferred Volume label 11 characters ENTER for none Here your computer is asking you to name your hard disk drive This is a result of the V switch used with the FORMAT command A disk label can be useful when sorting directories so you may want to enter one now A volume label can use up to eleven characters See Chapter 4 Using MS DOS for a list of valid label characters When you have entered the drive label your computer will respond Using Your Hard Disk 6 9 XXXXXXXX bytes total disk space XXXXX bytes used by system XXXXXXXX bytes available on disk The S switch in the FORMAT command caused the active portions of MS DOS to be loaded onto the system area of the hard disk At this point you can boot the system from the hard disk Organizing Your Hard Disk This section provides you with a sample directory structure for use with your hard disk It will provide step by
80. nd erase it just as you play record and erase music on a cassette tape Using Your Computer 3 7 Types of Diskette Drives Your computer has at least one 1 2MB diskette drive With this drive use 544 inch double sided highdensity 96 TPI 1 2MB diskettes These diskettes contain 80 tracks per side 15 sectors per track and hold up to 1 2MB of information which is approximately 500 pages of text You can also format these diskettes for 360KB see your MS DOS Reference Manual for more information In addition you may have a diskette drive of a different type The following list describes the types of optional diskette drives you can use in your computer and which diskettes you should use with them Q 360KB drive With this drive use 54 inch double sided doubledensity 48 TPI tracks per inch 360KB diskettes You can also use single sided 160KB or 180KB diskettes These diskettes contain 40 tracks per side 8 or 9 sectors per track and hold up to 360KB of information which is approximately 150 pages of text With 8 sectors per track a diskette holds up to 320KB U 720KB drive With this drive use 34 inch double sided doubledensity 135 TPI 720KB diskettes These diskettes contain 80 tracks per side 9 sectors per track and hold up to 720KB of information approximately 300 pages of text Q 1 44MB drive With this drive use 32 inch double sided highdensity 135 TPI 1 44MB diskettes The
81. nual explains how to set up and care for your computer It also describes how to use your computer The instructions in this manual apply to your system except where otherwise indicated You probably don t need to read everything in this book see the following chapter summaries Chapter 1 provides simple step by step instructions for setting up your computer Chapter 2 describes how to run the Setup program to setup your computer s configuration Chapter 3 covers some general operating procedures including how to use and care for your disks and disk drives Chapter 4 provides basic instructions for using MS DOS with your computer Chapter 5 takes you into the more advanced techniques of floppy disk file manipulation such as formatting and copying Chapter 6 shows you how to set up and use the vast storage capabilities of this system device Chapter 7 contains how to information on adding components such as additional disk drives or expansion boards to your computer At the end of this guide is a set of Appendices which contain technical information for the advanced user or field technician Introduction Chapter 1 Setting Up Your System Setting up your personal computer is easy Just follow the nine steps in this chapter When you finish setting up your computer go on to Chapter 2 and follow the instructions there to run the Setup program The Setup program updates the list of equipment installed in
82. of the space in the filename Certain filename extensions have been set aside so that MS DOS can recognize program files These are QO COM for COMMAND file Q EXE for EXECUTABLE file O BAT for BATCH file Program files should always have one of these three filename extensions Data files should never use these reserved extensions They can however use any other extension Filename extensions are optional with data files so you can leave them off entirely if you want Using filename extensions with data files allows you to have many different variations for a set of filenames For instance different chapters of a book might be named CHAPTER 001 CHAPTER 002 CHAPTER 003 and so on Like MS DOS commands filenames and extensions can be entered in either upper or lower case but are always displayed on the screen in upper case However since MS DOS converts lower case filenames into upper case it is possible to inadvertently erase an existing file by saving a new file with a lower case name To be safe always make sure that you have given a unique name to each file on a disk 4 22 Using MS DOS With Your Computer Disk Directories MS DOS keeps track of the files stored on your disks by maintaining a directory on each disk These directories are listings of the filenames and extensions along with certain information about the files themselves such as when the file was created or updated last The DIR Command
83. opping a Command or Program e sees sees eee Using Disks and Disk Drives 60s ee eeee eee How Disks Store Data una dans ai Types of Diskette Drives cn Caring for Diskettes and Diskette Drives Inserting and Removing Diskettes 4 Write protecting Diskettes eseee eee eeee Making Backup Copies ia ica cinavtaaieda dana dnd Using a Single Diskette Drive sseeeeeee Using the Hard Disk Drive ars rn Chapter 4 Using MS DOS With Your Computer MS DOS Diskettes Disk Drive Letters Starting MS DOS secas aniraa en ta eekey System Prompt CUS OM a2 ae Be eee N eet a Og eee hee dg a MS DOS Commands 0c eee eee eee eas Case Sensiiviy co 4a ge aon e ge aan he egw Rieke Function Keys and MS DOS BACKSPACE Key Default Drive eutsanisan nase ansehen Copying Your MS DOS Diskettes 2222 Copying on Single Drive Systems Copying on Dual Drive Systems Files Seen cin RE Eee File lyp s un et een Filenames and Extensions xiv Contents Disk Directories 0 ccc cece teens The DIR Command 0 0 00 ccc ee eee ees File Searches ii u accosted deta ae Soh a goon ran Multiple Disk Drive Systems Wildcards 2 0 0 ccc eee een ees Application Software 4441204 neues hen Chapter 5 Using Floppy Disks Deserpion nn dar Rue How Floppy Disks Work as nen sn ren Formatting Diskettes ac iis 0400 cet cian ia ai The FORMAT Command 000 nen
84. puter system uses the RS 232C asynchronous serial communications interface The serial port connectors are the left hand 9 pin D type connector mounted on the system motherboard Electrical information for the serial port is in Appendix A Specifications For details on the serial port pin connections see Appendix C Connector Pinouts Expanding Your System 7 3 MS DOS uses labels to refer to the various I O ports on your computer The RS232C serial port is assigned the COM1 Communications port 1 Additional serial ports can be added to your computer which MS DOS would label COM3 COM4 and so on Parallel Ports Unlike serial ports parallel ports allow your computer to communicate one entire byte at a time Eight wires are included in the cable to permit the transmission of each of the eight data bits simultaneously Extra wires are included in the cable for control signals Your Computer uses the industry standard Centronics compatible parallel printer port interface Connecting Printers Most but not all printers use the Centronics compatible parallel port To install this type of printer connect an appropriate cable between the parallel port connector on the rear panel of the system motherboard in the main system unit and the input connector on the printer Information on the correct cable will be found in your printer s manual Note Some printers like the HP LaserJet can use the R
85. r hard disk drive yet see Chapter 7 Expanding Your System for information how to do this Using Your Hard Disk To begin boot up your system using your MS DOS as explained in Chapter 4 Using MS DOS After setting the data and time enter this command A gt C If the computer responds with gt enter C gt DIR If a directory listing is displayed even if there are no files shown it means that your hard disk system has already been partitioned and formatted You will see the COMMAND COM file at the top of the directory listing if the MS DOS active routines have been loaded onto the hard disk If your hard disk has been partitioned and formatted skip this section on preparing your hard disk If the computer responded to the A gt C command with Invalid drive specification it means that MS DOS can t find the hard disk drive This is either because the drive controller board has been incorrectly set up or more likely the hard disk drive has not yet been partitioned If the computer correctly executed the C command but failed to display a directory it probably means that the hard disk has been partitioned but not yet formatted The next sections describe how to partition and format your hard disk system Using Your Hard Disk 6 3 Changing Your SETUP Before you can partition and format your hard disk you have to let your computer know that you have one This is done with the SETUP
86. rary and will only remember data as long as the system power is on When you turn off your computer any information stored in RAM is lost You have learned how to use floppy disks or diskettes to store data and program files between computing sessions It is more convenient however to store your files on a hard disk drive The main reason for this is the speed of the hard disk drive Files are read off from the hard disk faster than from floppy diskettes Also using a hard disk reduces the amount of time spent inserting and removing diskettes from floppy disk drives A hard disk is very similar to a floppy disk It is a plastic disk that has been coated with a magnetic oxide A hard disk will store data indefinitely until it is erased Data is read from or written onto a hard disk in the exactly same way as with a floppy diskette There are differences between hard and floppy disks though First of all a hard disk is non removable Unlike a floppy diskette which can be taken out of its drive the hard disk is permanently mounted inside the drive housing Several hard disk platters are stacked vertically in the drive housing and sealed in a dustproof casing Using Your Hard Disk 6 1 Second a hard disk holds much more information than a diskette The high capacity diskettes used in your computer can only hold a little over one million bytes The hard disk can hold up much more data than a floppy disk Finally a
87. re of the type of AC power available consult your dealer or local power company Only connect this computer to a power outlet that matches the power requirements of this computer Do not allow anything to rest on the power cord Do not locate this product where people will walk on the cord If you have to use an extension cord with this computer make sure that the total amperage rating of all equipment plugged into it does not exceed the amperage rating of the extension cord Also make sure that the total of all products plugged into the main AC power outlet does not exceed 15 amps Unplug your computer from the main electrical power outlet before cleaning Do not use liquid cleaners or aerosol cleaners Use a damp cloth for cleaning Do not use this computer near water This product is equipped with a 3 wire grounding type plug a plug having a third grounding pin This plug will only fit into a grounding type power outlet This is a safety feature If you are unable to insert the plug into the outlet contact your electrician to replace your obsolete outlet Do not defeat the purpose of the grounding type plug vii MAINTENANCE Except as explained in Chapter 7 Expanding Your System do not attempt to modify or service this product yourself Opening or removing those covers that are marked DO NOT REMOVE may expose you to dangerous voltage points or other risks Refer all servicing problems to qualified service per
88. ress ENTER A gt DRI Press the BACKSPACE key twice to erase the I and the R Retype A gt DIR Then press the ENTER key Your computer will respond by producing the directory of the disk in the A drive Now type this A gt DRI Then press the ENTER key Your computer will respond Bad command or filename A gt Using MS DOS With Your Computer 4 9 Default Drive 4 10 MS DOS will only look at one disk drive at a time Normally this is the default drive You can tell which disk drive is the current default drive by looking at the system prompt For example A gt indicates that the A drive is currently the default drive Unless you specify otherwise MS DOS will direct any disk activity to the A floppy disk drive You can easily change the default drive with an internal DOS command For instance to change from the A drive floppy disk to the C drive hard disk enter A gt C The computer will respond c gt As you can see the system prompt has changed to show the new default drive letter Note If the computer responds Invalid Drive Specification it may mean that either there is no hard disk system installed or your hard disk drive has not been configured yet See Chapter 6 Using Your Hard Disk for instructions Using MS DOS With Your Computer From the A gt prompt try the command A gt B The computer will respond Insert diskette for drive B and strike
89. s are reserved No part of this document may be reproduced transmitted transcribed stored in a retrieval system or translated into any language or computer language in any form or by any means electronic mechanical magnetic optical chemical manual or otherwise without the prior written permission of TriGem Computer Inc iii TRADEMARKS TriGem is a registered trademark of TriGem Computer Inc AMI BIOS is a trademark of American Megatrends Inc IBM PC PC XT PC AT MDA Monochrome Display Adaptor EGA Enhanced Graphics Adaptor VGA and Video Graphics Array are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corp Intel 486 is a trademark of Intel Corp AMD is a registered trademark of Advanced Micro Devices Inc EGA Wonder is a trademark of ATI Technologies Inc HP LaserJet Series II is a product of HewlettPackard Inc MS DOS and GW Basic are trademark of Microsoft Corporation Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation Seagate is a registered trademark of Seagate Technologies Inc Hercules is a registered trademark of Hercules Computer Technology Inc Norton SI is a trademark of Peter Norton Computing Inc Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer Inc CP M and CP M 86 are trademarks of Digital Research Inc Western Digital is a registered trademark of Western Digital Inc MultiSync is a trademark of NEC information Systems Inc MultiS
90. s faster You can store all your frequently used programs and data files on the hard disk eliminating the inconvenience of inserting and removing diskettes to access different files The added storage capacity makes it easy to move back and forth between different programs and data files However because it is so easy to add programs and files to your hard disk you may find yourself trying to organize hundreds of files MS DOS lets you keep related files together in directories and subdirectories so they are easier to find and use Using Your Computer 3 17 Backing up hard disk files While the hard disk is very reliable it is essential to back up your hard disk files to diskettes in case you lose some data accidentally Make copies of all your system and application program diskettes before copying the programs to the hard disk After you create data files on the hard disk be sure to copy them to diskettes whenever you revise them to keep your backup diskettes up todate You can see the more detailed information of backing up hard disk files in Chapter 6 Preparing the hard disk for moving 3 18 Before you move the computer you need to secure the read write heads inside the hard disk drive Securing the read write heads moves them to a region of the disk surface that does not contain data and locks them in position This prevents the disk from being damaged if it is bumped accidentally To secure the read write heads
91. s mentioned above a hard disk is much faster than a floppy disk drive The main reason for this is that the hard disk platters are rigid allowing them to be rotated at a much higher rate than floppy diskettes which have to move relatively slowly so as to avoid damage Care of Hard Disk Drives 6 2 As you can see hard disk drives are very precise devices This precision makes for a delicate mechanism Even though your hard disk drive is built to withstand the rigors of shipping it should be moved as little and as gently as possible If you need to move your computer system a short distance be careful not to drop or bump it For greater protection if you need to transport the computer in a car or ship it by truck or plane pack your system in its original shipping boxes The TGSHIP command should be run whenever you are going to move the main system unit This command moves the read write heads inside the hard disk drive to a safety zone where they won t accidentally scratch the surface of the drive platters TGSHIP COM is a special DOS command file included with your system You should copy this file into the root directory of your hard disk drive For information on hard disk directory structures see the Organizing Your Hard Disk section of this chapter Preparing Your Hard Disk This section assumes that you have a hard disk drive system physically installed in your main system unit If you haven t installed you
92. s not show any errors and proceeds to try to load software from the floppy disk drive you see the following message DRIVE NOT READY ERROR Insert BOOT diskette in A Press any key when ready This means that the SETUP program options have been set at the factory Since there were no errors detected the computer tried to load MS DOS from the floppy disk drive before you have inserted the MS DOS main system diskette For now ignore this message Entering SETUP To enter the setup program hit lt DEL gt key at the time the following prompt is displayed on the screen immediately after the memory test Press lt DEL gt if you want to run SETUP If you hit lt DEL gt key you will see a menu similar to the following The CMOS Setup Program 2 3 EXIT FOR BOO RUN CMOS SETUP Set the reverse video cursor on the RUN CMOS SETUP using lt Up t gt and lt Down gt and press lt ENTER gt Then the screen will be replaced by the following CMOS SETUP C Copyright 1985 1989 American Megatrends Inc Date mm date year Wed Jun 13 1990 Base memory size 840KB Time hour min sec 15 05 26 Ext memory size OMB Floppy drive A LSMB 514 Numeric processor Not installed Floppy drive B Not Installed Cyln Head Wpcom LZone Sec Size Hard disk C type 17 977 B8 300 977 17 41MB Hard disk D type Not Installed Primary display Monochrome Keyboard Installed Start up Speed High Speed Spec
93. se diskettes contain 80 tracks per side 18 sectors per track and hold up to 1 44MB of information which is approximately 600 pages of text If your computer has more than one type of these drives or if you use diskettes from other computers you need to be aware of certain incompatibilities between the drives and the diskettes they use 3 8 Using Your Computer Note You must format new diskettes before you can use them with an operating system Formatting erases all the data on a diskette and prepares it to receive new data so be sure to format only new blank diskettes or diskettes that contain data you want to erase See Chapter 5 for instructions on formatting diskettes Drive and diskette incompatibilities Because of the size difference you cannot use 32 inch diskettes in a 544 inch drive or vice versa There are also certain limitations on using diskettes that are the same size as the drive but have different capacities The following tables summarize the possiblities and limitations 54 inch drive diskette compatibility Drive type Diskette types it can read from and write to 360KB 180KB or 360KB 1 2MB 180KB 360KB or 1 2MB 3 inch drive diskette compatibility Drive type Diskette types it can read from and write to 720KB 720KB 1 44MB 720KB or 1 44MB 1 2MB The you may not be ina 360KB drive later Using Your Computer 3 9 Because of these incompatibilities you should indicate the d
94. shown below If the plug has retaining screws tighten them securely 1 8 Setting Up Your System Figure 1 5 Connecting the Printer 3 Connect the other end of the cable to the printer as shown below If the printer has retaining clips on each side of the printer port squeeze the clips together to secure the cable 4 Plug the printer s power cord into an electrical outlet Using the Serial Interface If you have a serial printer modem mouse or any other peripheral with a serial interface you can connect it to the serial RS 232C port on the back of the computer Your computer uses IBM compatible 9 pin male connector so be sure you have the proper cable If you are not sure which one you need or whether you have the right one check with the store where you bought the cable Setting Up Your System 1 9 To connect a serial device follow the same steps outlined above for a parallel device but connect the cable to the serial port shown on figure 1 4 Serial Port Figure 1 6 Serial Ports Setting up the serial port for a printer If you are using a serial printer but your software does not support a serial printer you must do two things before you can print Q Set up the data transmission parameters for the serial port O Tell the computer to redirect printer data from the parallel port to the serial port 1 10 Setting Up Your System Connecting the Power Cord Follow these steps to conn
95. sonnel If the product does not operate normally adjust only those controls that are covered by the operating instructions Improper adjustment of other controls may result in damage and may require extensive repair work to restore the product to normal operation Unplug this product from the main power outlet and call for service under any of the following conditions U If the power cord or plug is damaged or frayed Q If liquid has been spilled into the product Q If the product has been exposed to rain or water Q If the product has been dropped or the cabinet has been damaged CO If the product exhibits a distinct change in performance indicating a need for service vill Stop If you ever have to remove the main system unit cover observe the following precautions 1 The power supply cord must be unplugged before the main system unit cover is removed Separe le cordon d alimentation et puis enleve le couvercle Q Once removed the cover must be replaced and screwed in position before the power supply cord is plugged back in Apres le couvercle a enleve visse le couvercle en place et remettre le cordon d alimentation RELATED READING For more information about MS DOS commands and GW Basic programming please refer to the user s manuals provided with this computer 1x Wichtige Sicherheitsvorschriften Unbedingt beachten Allgemeine Sicherheit Die nachfolgenden Anweisungen betreffen die
96. st two diskette drives and it displays prompts and messages accordingly If the computer has only one diskette drive MS DOS treats the one drive like two logical drives This helps you perform operations that normally require two diskette drives Usually MS DOS recognizes the first diskette drive the top drive as drive A and the second diskette drive as drive B If you have only one diskette drive MS DOS recognizes it as both A and B For example if you give a command to copy from A to B MS DOS copies data from the diskette you place in the single drive A to the computer s memory Then MS DOS automatically prompts you to insert another diskette in the same drive which it now identifies as drive B It copies the data from memory to the new diskette When the copying is complete MS DOS identifies the drive as drive A again and you see a prompt to insert the original diskette into drive A You can load the operating system and application programs from the hard disk create and store your data there and use the diskette drive just for copying data to and from diskettes 3 16 Using Your Computer Using the Hard Disk Drive You can create and revise files on a hard disk just as you can on a diskette The hard disk however provides several advantages The 20MB hard disk can store more data than 16 x 1 2MB diskettes and the 40MB hard disk can store twice as much OD Your computer can perform all disk related operation
97. st be able to move freely under the system as well as behind it Leave several inches of space around the computer to allow ventilation Q Moderate environmental conditions Protect your computer from extremes in temperature direct sunlight or any other 1 2 Setting Up Your System source of heat High humidity also hinders operation so select a cool dry area Avoid dust and smoke which can damage disks and disk drives and cause you to lose valuable data Appropriate power sources To prevent static charges connect all your equipment to three prong grounded outlets You need one outlet for the computer one for the monitor and additional outlets for a printer and any other peripherals If it has the appropriate power cord you can plug your monitor into the auxiliary power outlet on the back panel of the computer reducing the number of wall outlets you need The current required by the monitor must not exceed 1 amp If you need more outlets you may want to buy a power strip available at any electronics store to provide extra outlets A power strip with surge suppression is recommended No electromagnetic interference Locate your system away from any electrical device such as a telephone that generates an electromagnetic field Setting Up Your System 1 3 Figure 1 2 System Main Unit 3 Connecting a Monitor The procedure you use to connect your monitor to the compu
98. step instructions that will create several files and subdirectories First make sure your hard disk is formatted and that the active MS DOS routines have been loaded into the system area of your hard disk The easiest way to check this is to boot the system from the hard disk Make sure that floppy drive A is empty and turn your computer on After going through the start up diagnostic routines the computer will look at the A drive to find the MS DOS install diskette Since the drive is empty it will then look at the hard disk drive If the hard disk drive is installed and formatted correctly the system will boot up and display the DOS shell screen If your system does not boot up from the hard disk refer to the previous section Formatting Your Hard Disk for instructions Assuming MS DOS has booted correctly from the hard disk select the Command Prompt option from the DOS shell menu When you see the system prompt 6 10 Using Your Hard Disk you are ready to begin First you will create several subdirectories These will be used shortly to contain useful files Begin by entering the command C gt MD DOS4 The MD command is a short form of MKDIR This internal DOS command creates a subdirectory under the directory you are currently in Since your computer boots up in the hard disk root directory the command you just entered created a subdirectory named DOS4 under the root directory Note If you don t understand
99. t diagonistic routine Caution Any time you RESET your computer the memory will be cleared This will erase any software programs loaded into the system RAM You may lose important data or have problems using your software after the system reboots Only RESET your system if you are sure that all of your data has been saved to disk or there is no other way to escape a lockup condition You should now be able to reset your computer if you run into trouble At this point you can complete the installation of your system by running the SETUP program For detailed information on the SETUP program see the following chapter Setting Up Your System 1 21 Chapter 2 The CMOS Setup Program Introduction The Setup program keeps a record of the host computer s system parameters such as memory amounts disk drives video displays and peripheral devices Setup resides in the Read Only Memory Basic Input Output System ROM BIOS so that it is available each time the host is turned on Setup stores the information in the complementary metal oxide semiconductor CMOS memory When the host is turned off a back up battery retains system parameters in the CMOS memory As soon as the host is turned on the power on diagnostics routines check memory attempt to prepare peripheral devices for action and offer you the option of pressing lt DEL gt to run Setup When to Run Setup During normal daily operation you do not
100. tems is on floppy disks Virtually all commercially available programs are distributed on floppy diskettes Before you buy an application software package for your computer you should make sure that it will run under MS DOS Products labeled for IBM PC for IBM PC AT PC compatible or MS DOS compatible should run properly Products intended for other types of computer operating systems such as CP M or Apple will not run on your system Note If you should accidentally try to run CP M or Apple software your computer will inform you that you are using non DOS S diskettes This will not damage your computer The most frequent use that you will have for diskettes is to save the data text files etc that you create You will use diskettes to store your data between sessions on the computer as well as to back up your valuable software Using Floppy Disks 5 1 How Floppy Disks Work 5 2 Floppy disks or diskettes are made from a flexible plastic that is coated with a magnetic oxide The floppy disk drive encodes this oxide with the data generated by the computer After you turn your system off unlike electronic RAM the encoded oxide retains this data Your data can then be read by the floppy disk drive at a later time The magnetic oxide coating on the floppy disk will hold its encoded data almost indefinitely unless you deliberately erase it This is done intentionally when you want to update th
101. ter depends on the type of monitor you have If you have a VGA monitor or a multi frequency monitor with an analog connector you can connect it to the computer s built in VGA port See Using the VGA interface below If you have any other type of monitor see Using a Display Adapter Card below Using the VGA Interface Follow these steps to connect your VGA monitor to the VGA port on the computer 1 Make sure your monitor is turned off l 4 Setting Up Your System 2 Place your monitor on top of or near the computer For easy access turn the monitor and computer around so the backs of both components are facing you 3 If necessary connect the monitor cable to the monitor Your monitor may have a permanently attached cable 4 Examine the connector end of the monitor cable and position the plug to match the orientation of the monitor port Then insert the plug into the port the connector should fit in easily when properly oriented as shown below Figure 1 3 Connecting a Monitor Cable Caution To avoid damaging the connector take care not to bend the pins when inserting the plug Setting Up Your System 1 5 5 If the plug has retaining screws tighten them by hand or with a screwdriver depending on the screw type 6 Plug the monitor power cord into the monitor s power inlet as shown below Figure 1 4 Connecting a Monitor Power Cable 7 Plug the other end of monitor s
102. that diskettes store information magnetically There are many sources of magnetism in your home or office such as electrical appliances telephones and loudspeakers Do not place diskettes on top of your monitor or near an external disk drive Never touch a diskette s magnetic surface The oils on your fingertips can damage it Always hold a diskette by its protective jacket If you are using a 3 inch diskette do not slide the metal shutter this exposes the diskette s surface Do not place anything on top of your diskettes and be sure they do not get bent A diskette does not rotate properly in the drive if it has been damaged Carefully label your diskettes Attach labels firmly but gently and only along the top of a diskette next to the manufacturer s label Do not stick several labels on top of one another too many labels can make it difficult to insert the diskette into the drive It is best to write on the label before you attach it to the diskette If you need to write on a label that is already on a diskette use only a soft tip pen not a ballpoint pen or a pencil Always indicate the storage capacity and density type on the label Store diskettes in a proper location such as a diskette container Do not store diskettes flat or stack them on top of each other When you are not using them keep your diskettes in their protective envelopes Follow these additional precautions to protect your hard disk drive and
103. the computer any time options are added or changed Unpacking As you unpack the different parts of your computer system be sure to inspect each piece If anything is missing or looks damaged contact the place where it was purchased for missing items or replacements If you cannot obtain the necessary part of parts call your Computer dealer for assistance Please have the computer s serial number ready when you call Figure l l Unpacking Your System Setting Up Your System 1 1 2 Besides this manual you should have the following The computer and power cord The Keyboard with attached cable Q MS DOS diskettes UGW BASIC diskette a MS DOS User s Guides Q GW BASIC User s Guide In addition to these items you need a compatible monitor to use with the computer Be sure to keep your packing materials They provide the best protection for your computer if you need to transport it later Choosing a location Before you set up your computer it is important to choose the right location Select a spot that provides the following Q A large sturdy desk or table that can easily support the weight of your system including all of its components Make sure the surface is hard and flat Soft surfaces like beds and carpeted floors can generate static electricity which may erase data on your disks and damage the computer s circuitry Soft surfaces also prevent proper ventilation Q Good air circulation Air mu
104. the copy of the MS DOS diskette which you just made and insert the another MS DOS diskette into drive A Then press any key Follow the prompts on the screen to make a copy of this diskette as you did for the first MS DOS diskette 8 When you finish copying the last diskette and the Copy another diskette Y N prompt appears press N to return to the MS DOS command prompt C gt After you have copied the MS DOS diskettes be sure to label them carefully so you know which one is which Write on the labels before you attach them to the diskettes in order to prevent damaging the diskettes Store the originals in a safe place and use the copies as they needed Resetting Your Computer If your computer system should lock up it may be necessary to reset the computer Resetting the computer causes the CPU to clear its instruction set and the system memory This ensures there is no garbage left in memory to interfere with new program information There are two basic ways to reset your computer They are 1 20 Setting Up Your System CONTROL ALT DEL Keyboard Reset Press the CONTROL key and the ALT key at the same time While holding these keys down press the DELETE key then release all three keys This will reset your computer without running the full self test diagnostics The POWER Switch Turn the main system POWER switch off wait ten seconds then turn it back on The computer will then run the complete self tes
105. ting screws tightened down Make sure all the internal cables have been properly connected and arranged neatly Wires should not be pinched or caught between chassis parts or circuit boards Carefully slide the cover back onto the main system unit being careful not to damage the cables As you slide the cover onto the unit adjust the alignment to permit the cover to slide over the disk drive nosepieces When the cover is properly seated on the main system unit chassis replace and tighten down the screws on the rear panel Reconnect the keyboard to its connector on the rear panel of the main system unit Place the video monitor on top of the main system unit and connect the AC power and signal cables to their correct sockets on the rear panel Reconnect any peripheral device cables to their rear panel I O port connectors Plug the AC power cable into the socket on the rear panel of the main system unit and the main AC power outlet Expanding Your System 7 9 Installing Circuit Boards Most of the expansion products you will be installing into your computer are circuit boards Like the system boards installed at the factory expansion boards are plugged into the main system unit s mother board There are expansion boards available for a wide variety of functions The most common expansion boards provide such functions as extra I O ports high resolution video graphics and system memory expansion The basic computer
106. to the DOS4 subdirectory by entering the command C gt CD DOS4 Another way of moving through the directory tree quickly involves the use of a similar command C gt CcD This command will take you directly to the root directory of the current disk drive This can be useful if you get lost ina large directory tree The next step in organizing your hard disk involves copying the external command files from the MS DOS install diskette into the DOS4 subdirectory on the hard disk First make sure you are currently logged into the DOS4 subdirectory by entering the command sequence Using Your Hard Disk 6 13 6 14 c gt cD C gt CD DOS4 Insert the MS DOS Install diskette into the A drive Close the door then enter C gt COPY A C This command will copy the entire contents of the MS DOS Installdiskette into the DOS4 subdirectory on the hard disk When the copying process is complete your computer will display the following message xx File s copied Using the DIR command run a directory to verify that you have copied the MS DOS Install diskette Remove the MS DOS Install diskette from drive A and replace it with the MS DOS Select diskette into the DOS4 subdirectory on the hard disk by entering the command C gt COPY A C When the copying process is done carefully enter the following command C gt DEL COMMAND COM Using Your Hard Disk This command will remove the COMMAND COM file from t
107. ugh the options to disk type number matched with your hard disk If you select the type number 17 for 41MB RLL or MFM type hard disk it provides the following information under the right hand headings Cyl Hd Pre LZ Sec Size 977 5 800 977 17 41 This should match the information provided with your hard disk drive Other hard disk drives may require a different disk type number See the instructions provided with your hard disk drive or call your dealer for assistance After verifying the hard disk drive type number press the ESC key The computer responds with Write data into CMOS and exit Y N Press Y The computer will update the information in its configuration RAM and will go through the start up routine again Make sure MS DOS is installed on floppy disk or hard disk of your system so the system will boot up in MS DOS Note Your system has an on board IDE interface and if you want to install the another type of HDD except IDE you must disable the on board IDE interface using the BIOS setup program See Chapter 2 for detailed information Using Your Hard Disk 6 5 Partitioning Your Hard Disk Note If you have installed MS DOS 4 01 on your hard disk drive it has already been partitioned and formatted by MS DOS When you reconfigure your system for other purpose do the following After the DOS Shell screen appears select the Command Prompt option At this point your are ready to partition your hard
108. uration RAM It is important that these settings describe the actual equipment installed on your computer system Figure B 2 Removing the Motherboard System Mother Board Removing The Motherboard In order to change the settings defined by these switches it will be necessary to remove the system motherboard from the chassis To do this follow these steps referring to Chapter 7 Expanding Your System where necessary a Unplug all of the cables from the rear panel of the main system unit U Remove the main system unit cover To Remove all expansion boards from their slot connectors on the system motherboard noting the location of each board and any internal cable connections for re installation later Carefully unplug all of the cables connected to the system motherboard noting their locations for later Remove the several screws that attach the system motherboard to the chassis Carefully slide the motherboard out of the chassis re install the motherboard reverse this procedure System Mother Board B 3 Mounting Screw Figure B 3 Installing the Motherboard Switches Once the motherboard is out of the chassis proceed to set the configuration switches to match the changes in the system hardware The Table B I lists the switch settings Color Mono VGA Monitor type select COM2 Disable NR COM1 Disable erial port selec English Korean Language Select Onboard VGA Disable Onboard V
109. use in your computer store data on both sides On your disk there are concentric rings called tracks in which a disk can store data Doubledensity diskettes such as 360KB diskettes have 40 tracks and highdensity diskettes such as 1 2MB or 1 44MB diskettes have 80 tracks But 720KB double density diskette has 80 tracks A hard disk consists of two or more magnetically coated platters stacked on top of one another so it has four or more sides with many more tracks than a diskette 3 6 Using Your Computer A disk is further divided by sectors To understand what a sector is picture the spokes on a bicycle wheel radiating from the center of the wheel to the tire The space between one spoke and the next is like a sector on a diskette See the figure below Each track on a 1 2MB diskette has 15 sectors and each sector holds 512 bytes Figure 3 3 Sectors and Tracks Your computer uses the read write heads in a disk drive to store and retrieve data on a disk There is one head above the diskette and one below so the drive can write to both sides of the diskette To write to a disk the computer spins it in the drive to a position where one of the read write heads can access the diskette through the read write slot The read write slot on a diskette exposes the diskette s magnetic surface so the read write head can write on the appropriate area Because data is stored magnetically you can retrieve it record over it a
110. wh Signal Name Reset Ground Data 7 Data 8 Data 6 Data 9 Data 5 Data 10 Data 4 Data 11 Data 3 Data 12 Data 2 Data 13 Data 1 Data 14 Data 0 Data 15 Ground Key Not Connected Ground 10W Ground 10R Ground Not Connected ALE Not Connected Ground IRQ 14 IOCS 16 Al Not Connected AO A2 CS0 CS1 Active Ground Connector Pinouts C 3 Q Power Supply Connector 12 pin post header Pin Signal Name Power Good Signal 5 Volts 12 Volts 12 Volts Ground Ground Ground Ground 5 Volts 10 5 Volts 11 5 Volts 12 5 Volts onon PwMm co DO PS 2 Mouse connector J10 6 pin mini DIN PS 2 type connector Pin Signal Name Data 5 Not Connected Ground Not Connected Clock onr wh C 4 Connector Pinouts Figure C l Expansion Slot Connectors Expansion Slot Connectors Your computer comes with industry standard IBM compatible expansion slots There are five AT style 98 pin expansion slot connectors mounted on your system mother board The charts below show the pin numbering on the expansion slot connectors Connector Pinouts C 5 Q Expansion Slot Connector Pinouts O CH RDY AEN SA19 SA18 SA17 SA16 SA15 SA14 SA13 SA12 SA11 SA10 SA9 SA8 SA7 SA6 SA5 SA4 SA3 SA2 SA1 SA0 C 6 Connector Pinouts DO Expansion Slot Connector Pinouts continued Ground output Power Input Power Input Power Input Power
111. y listing is displayed even if there are no entries it means that your hard disk system is ready to receive files If the active routines of MS DOS have been loaded on to the hard disk you will see the COMMAND COM file at the beginning of the directory listing If the computer responded to the A gt C command with Invalid drive specification it means that MS DOS can t find the hard disk drive This is either because the hard disk controller board has been incorrectly set up or more likely the hard disk drive has not yet been partitioned If the computer correctly executed the C command but failed to run a directory it probably means that the hard disk has been partitioned but not yet formatted Once you have made sure the hard disk is ready to receive files you may proceed with the RESTORE procedure The routine described below should only be used to restore the entire contents of the backup archive diskettes to an empty hard disk For information on partial backups to a hard disk drive containing files see the entry for the RESTORE command in your MS DOS User s Guide MS DOS Commands First set the C drive directory to the root directory by entering the command c gt cpD 6 20 Using Your Hard Disk Now set the system default drive letter back to drive A by entering C gt A The computer will respond by displaying gt V Make sure your MS DOS Install diskette is inserted into the A drive

Epson CW3S20A User's Manual

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