Cisco Systems Catalyst Intelligent Switching Solution Guide
Contents
1. Cisco Unity Follow Me Browsing FormShare and StackWise are trademarks of Cisco Systems Inc Changing the Way We Work Live Play and Learn and iQuick Study are service marks of Cisco Systems Inc and Aironet ASIST BPX Catalyst CCDA CCDP CCIE CCNA CCNP Cisco the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert logo Cisco IOS the Cisco IOS logo Cisco Press Cisco Systems Cisco Systems Capital the Cisco Systems logo Empowering the Internet Generation Enterprise Solver EtherChannel EtherSwitch Fast Step GigaStack Internet Quotient IOS IP TV iQ Expertise the iQ logo iQ Net Readiness Scorecard LightStream MGX MICA the Networkers logo Networking Academy Network Registrar Packet PIX Post Routing Pre Routing RateMUX Registrar ScriptShare SlideCast SMARTnet StrataView Plus Stratm SwitchProbe TeleRouter The Fastest Way to Increase Your Internet Quotient TransPath and VCO are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems Inc and or its affiliates in the U S and certain other countries All other trademarks mentioned in this document or Web site are the property of their respective owners The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company 0304R2. Cisco Catalyst switches offer the protection and control needed to prevent both malicious acts and inadvertent mishaps These features can be used to address performance as well as security issues Hardware based filtering for instance is typically used to screen MAC addresses to restrict access to sensitive areas of the network But it can also be used to deal with a specific host that s been bogging down the network denying it access while allowing all others to enter The protected port feature eliminates the possibility of unauthorized IP traffic on virtual LANs VLANs Finally it s worth noting that Cisco Catalyst switches support applications to deal with another concern physical security Their multiservice capabilities make them ideally suited for IP video surveillance applications providing an effective yet affordable alternative to conventional video monitoring systems Q Why make the A Because networks need room to grow move to Giga bit At speeds of 1000 megabits per second Mbps Gigabit Ethernet provides the gt bandwidth that networks need to evolve and meet new demands alleviating Ethernet bottlenecks boosting performance and increasing the return on existing invest ments in infrastructure As the industry leader in LAN switching Cisco makes the transition to Gigabit Ethernet faster and easier with standards based solutions for both fiber optic and copper cabling Cisco products can also be deployed in stag
3. changing requirements and priorities as networks grow and evolve A Security needs to evolve with the network too As companies expand their networks security becomes increasingly important and increasingly challenging to deliver Adding users deploying new services extending Internet access and providing remote access can all increase the potential risk to networks and data both internally and externally According to a recent study by the FBI and Computer Security Institute reported financial losses due to security breaches in the United States approached 378 million in 2001 up from 266 million the year before So it s not surprising that for many organizations enhancing security is a major concern Fortunately it s also a major benefit of deploying Cisco Catalyst switches The Evolving Network The primary security features and applications supported by these switches include access control lists ACLs filtering port security IEEE 802 1x multilevel console security and Secure Shell SSH Protocol This unique combination provides the enhanced security needed to support new and expanding network services addressing three distinct areas of concern in the network e Authentication In other words is the user supposed to have network access e Authorization What s the user permitted to do on the network e Accounting Who s using the network and what are they doing All together the security features supported by
4. one or more specific devices Through an intuitive user interface each Element Manager eases and accelerates deployment enables efficient operation of large network environments and streamlines the provisioning process Each Element Manager also provides fault and element management without requiring detailed knowledge of Cisco IOS Software or SNMP A They re part of the same team just playing different positions Four distinct Catalyst product lines play key roles in the switched network the Cisco Catalyst 2950 Series and Cisco Catalyst 3550 Series Intelligent Ethernet Switches and the Cisco Catalyst 4500 Series and Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series The Cisco Catalyst switches you select will vary depending on location interface port density service and feature requirements Each series includes a choice of models to suit a range of needs but here s a general breakdown Cisco Catalyst 2950 Series makes it easy and affordable to deploy intelligent services at the network edge with new fixed configuration stackable models that provide wire speed Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet and Long Reach Ethernet desktop connectivity Long Reach Ethernet enables network extension over Category 1 2 and 3 wiring Designed for small and medium sized businesses and small enterprises Catalyst 2950 Series Intelligent Ethernet switches can be paired with a Catalyst 3550 Series Intelligent Ethernet switch to enable IP routing from the core of the net
5. Cisco Catalyst family supports a far more diverse range of needs than those depicted here Catalyst 6500 with Catalyst 6500 4500 Catalyst 3550 12G or 12T Catalyst 6500 4500 with Catalyst 3550 2950 Stack with Catalyst 3550 Stack Deployment with Stackables Deployment with Deployment with Chassis Stackables and Chassis Functionality Core Distribution Catalyst z Layer 6500 4500 Deployment for IP Telephony and Wireless LAN Access o E m IP telephones and wireless LAN access points can connect to I Cisco chassis or stackable switches in the access layer l I Catalyst e Inline power distribution and automatic phone discovery for Access I 6500 4500 ease of deployment and management Layer i 3550 e Separate voice VLANs for simplified management i e Intelligent QoS features prioritize delay sensitive voice traffic I and provides high quality communications e Voice Services and gateway functionality enable ease of migration to IP telephony from legacy TDM services Catalyst 6500 4500 A network is and probably always will be a work in progress Companies grow requirements change and new applications emerge presenting opportunities for even greater efficiency and productivity Cisco Catalyst switches are designed to make those transitions almost effortless They provide stability in an ever changing landscape delivering the performance and intelligent services needed to ensure networks evolve effic
6. Cisco SYSTEMS Cisco Catalyst Switching Solutions Guide usi x CRT RZ Ck TTIN Intelligent Switching for the Evolving Network Catalyst An agent that precipitates or accelerates a reaction development or change x Ersa a TOI ee i ere a om MaI TOE T 1 ly x lp e SY tina i i i grep TECO Fia ss ws a le Ii Buri ZI my i ee _ nesnasaa erre Pb Intelligent switching for the evolving network Easing network migration adaptation and expansion The Evolving Network Q Why change A Because there really isn t any alternative a nyth in g Just as living things must adapt to changing conditions in their environments businesses and other organizations must continually adapt their networks to changing requirements After all it s hard to find a network manager who isn t contemplating a change of some sort whether it s adding more users rolling out new applications converging voice and data services or even making the jump from hubs to switches That s why Cisco Systems created this guide to provide an overview of the issues confronting countless businesses schools government agencies and other organi zations as they migrate adapt and expand their networks to meet new needs And to explain how Cisco Catalyst switches can help both in the short term and the long haul Q Why start with A Because of all the changes after that intell igent Ch
7. ange can be a major source of stress for networks as well as network man E agers The proliferation of powerful new desktop computers bandwidth intensive switchi ng applications and devices such as IP phones and wireless access points all can leave networks straining to keep up As a result unpredictable traffic patterns can emerge bogging down mission critical applications Holes can appear in security leaving the network vulnerable to internal and external threats And demand for bandwidth can outstrip the supply causing one bottleneck after another Cisco Catalyst switches spare networks from these and other growing pains They provide the advanced quality of service QoS needed to ensure mission critical traffic is assigned top priority They enhance security with new features that pro tect the network from risks within and without And they provide the bandwidth needed to grow all the way up to 10 Gigabit Ethernet Migrating to intelligent switching is not a difficult step in a network s evolution but it s an important one providing a solid foundation for all the steps to come The Cisco Catalyst Series switches run the range from chassis to stackable switches with models available to address special requirements such as support for inline power and Gigabit Ethernet over copper The Evolving Network Q How important is QoS Q What about security A QoS is very important and becoming more so every d
8. ay Advanced QoS prioritizes and directs traffic to minimize congestion and ensure applications are allotted the bandwidth they need Without those features the performance advantages of Gigabit Ethernet or Fast Ethernet for that matter cannot be fully realized Cisco Catalyst switches classify and mark data packets at the network edge mini mizing congestion and allowing traffic to be prioritized so time sensitive applica tions such as IP telephony or videoconferencing take precedence over less critical traffic such as Web browsing Extending intelligence to the network edge also makes it possible for network man agers to set up policies on a per user basis and frees up router processing power This illustration shows the contents of a data packet MAC DA MAC SA 802 10 1p length IP header info TOS IP SA IP DA TCP UDP header DATA lt _____ zy gt _ lt gt Layer 2 info Layer 3 info Layer 4 info Layer 2 switches only process Layer 2 information Cisco Catalyst switches look deeper into the packet and make decisions based on Layer 3 and Layer 4 informa tion that s why they re called intelligent As a result traffic flows more effi ciently through the network helping to prevent bottlenecks Utilizing Layer 3 and Layer 4 information also provides a superior level of control over network traffic making it easier to adjust to
9. bles network administrators to easily and quickly deploy end to end network services Configuration administration monitoring fault detection troubleshooting and remote monitoring capabilities can all be handled through an easy to use interface In addition to these Catalyst family management tools the individual switches offer enhanced management tools Embedded at no additional cost in Cisco Catalyst 3550 and 2950 Intelligent Ethernet Series switches Cisco Cluster Management Suite CMS Software enables network administrators to remotely manage and monitor the entire LAN through a simple point and click interface without having to learn command line inter face CLI Up to 16 switches can be configured at once using any standard Web browser saving tremendous time This tool also eases the deployment of intelligent services providing wizards that automatically optimize networks for video stream ing or videoconferencing voice over IP critical data applications and security features A Guide Mode provides step by step instructions and online help The Catalyst 4500 Series simplifies network management and control with a single software image and IP address for device management a comprehensive set of management tools offering a wide variety of interface options and well designed system default settings In the Catalyst 6500 Series Element Manager Software leverages the Cisco Element Manager Framework CEMF to manage and monitor
10. es Cisco CMS Software dramatically simplifies network management by enabling remote moni toring and configuration of up to 16 clustered switches at once through a single easy to use Web interface Cisco CMS Software also eases the deployment of intelligent services at the network edge Congestion Traffic in excess of network capacity Convergence The speed and ability of a group of internetworking devices running a specific routing protocol to agree on the topology of an internetwork after a change in that topology Often refers to the merging of video and or voice services onto a data network Core The innermost part of a network where services typically originate See also Backbone and Edge Edge The outermost part of a network where users are typically directly connected See also Backbone and Core Ethernet A popular LAN technology that moves packets between workstations and runs over a variety of cable types at 10 Mbps megabits per second Fast Ethernet An extension of the Ethernet standard offering speeds of 100 Mbps or 10 times the speed of standard Ethernet See also Bandwidth Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet 10 Frame The basic unit of Ethernet data traffic An Ethernet frame can vary in size from a minimum length of 64 bytes to a maximum length of 1522 bytes An Ethernet frame contains the Ethernet destination address Ethernet source address 802 1Q 1p fields and TCP IP packet Gigabit Ethernet An exten
11. es for a more gradual migration to Gigabit Ethernet starting at the core and moving on to the wiring closet Organizations can use Cisco Catalyst switches to extend Gigabit Ethernet to the desktop simply and affordably to support today s powerful computers sophisti cated applications and high traffic volumes Delivering up to 10 gigabits per second Gbps the range of solutions offered by Cisco will satisfy even the most bandwidth hungry environments Network Intelligence from the Core to the Edge Whatever the size of the network intelligent services can ease the strain of migration and expansion By delivering Layer 2 4 services across the entire network from the core to the edge Cisco Catalyst switches provide the advanced quality of service enhanced security and high availability evolving networks require All Cisco Catalyst network platforms run on Cisco IOS Software creating a unified network and a solid foundation for building Internet applications Medium Sized Network High Availability a 7 A ai Quality of Service ecuri i QoS features ensure critical applications receive the bandwidth they need by differentiating and prioritizing traffic so time sensitive packets like voice and video are handled accordingly With Cisco Catalyst switches QoS can be extended to the network edge minimizing both upstream and downstream congestion This also makes it easy to set policies on a per
12. iently reliably and securely And that means network managers can embrace change rather than struggle with it Networks get bigger and more sophisticated all the time But with Cisco Catalyst switches they don t have to get more complicated For more information contact Cisco your Cisco reseller or visit www cisco com go catalyst2950 www cisco com go catalyst3550 www cisco com go catalyst4000 www cisco com go catalyst6500 Glossary gu AVVID Cisco Architecture for Voice Video and Integrated Data As the industry s only enterprise wide standards based network architecture Cisco AVVID provides the roadmap for combining business and technology strategies into one cohesive model Availability The amount of time that a network or device is operational in other words the likelihood that it will be available for use when needed Backbone The part of a network that acts as the primary path for traffic moving between rather than within networks See also Core and Edge Bandwidth The data carrying capacity of a network connection used as an indication of speed See also Ethernet Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet Client A networked PC or terminal that shares services with other PCs These services are stored on or administered by a server See also Server Cisco CMS Cisco Cluster Management Suite Software A unique free software tool embedded in Cisco Catalyst 3550 and 2950 Intelligent Ethernet Series switch
13. o enable and support their diverse networking requirements Cisco is uniquely qualified to help organizations adapt as their requirements change After all Cisco solutions are as scalable as the Internet itself powering more than 80 percent of the World Wide Web Here are some of the reasons why Cisco Catalyst switches are the right choice e Cisco Catalyst 2950 3550 4500 and 6500 Series switches provide a complete Gigabit Ethernet switching solution from the edge of the network to the core e The Cisco Catalyst family a complete range of stackable and chassis switches provides industry leading performance functionality scalability and flexibility which deliver valuable enhancements to your network operations e Cisco offers end to end solutions for a variety of applications from basic connectivity all the way up to complete edge to core IP telephony systems with Cisco CallManager voice services gateways IP phones inline power support and voice and auxiliary VLANs e Cisco Catalyst network platforms run on Cisco IOS Software which creates a unified network and provides a solid foundation for building Internet applications Extending common services and interfaces across the network also reduces training management and troubleshooting costs e Cisco provides comprehensive service and support with the expertise to handle any situation that arises after installation Warranty and SMARTnet support services ensure that operati
14. o the next stop along the way This improves network performance and availability IP Telephony The transmission of voice and fax telephone calls over data networks using the Internet Protocol IP Video The transmission of video images over data networks using the Internet Protocol LAN Local area network Typically a network or group of network segments confined to one building or a campus See also WAN Wide Area Network 11 Glossary gu Layer 2 The data link layer in the OSI Model For Ethernet this applies to the Ethernet frame that contains the Ethernet destination address Ethernet source address and 802 1Q 1p fields See also Layer 3 Layer 3 The physical layer in the OSI Model For TCP IP this applies to the IP packet that contains the IP destination address IP source address and ToS byte See also Layer 2 Multicast Single packet copied by the network and sent to a specific subset of network addresses Packet A block of data with a header attached that can indicate what the packet con tains and the destination where it is headed Think of a packet as a data envelope with the header acting as an address QoS Quality of service A set of intelligent features that enables the network to classify mark and prioritize traffic reducing congestion and bringing order to the flow of data and services Router A device that moves data between different network segments and can look into a packet heade
15. ons staff can refresh their system software and access a wealth of knowledge Customers can keep their technology up to date aug ment their knowledge and skills gain access to resources and tools for rapid problem resolution and minimize the challenges associated with the stocking of replacement hardware Q But anything this A Not at all that s a key advantage advanced must be of these switches difficult to de ploy The whole point after all is to make it easier to accommodate new services and d ight requirements So Cisco Catalyst switches are designed to simplify all aspects of and manage rig t network management by providing a variety of deployment and management software solutions All of the Catalyst switches offer Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP support along with a comprehensive set of MIBs enabling effective in band management while Remote Monitoring RMON software support provides for granular traffic monitoring across the switch te a IZ a REI ee ee us te E wie eae Lr a ju i et Cisco CMS Software enables network managers to manage the entire LAN through a single Web interface Q What are the differences between the various Cisco Catalyst Series switches The Cisco Catalyst Series switches provide a comprehensive set of management tools to simplify the deployment and management of switches and intelligent network services The CiscoWorks family of Web based management tools ena
16. r to determine the best path for the packet to travel Routers can connect network segments that use different protocols They also allow all users in a network to share a single connection to the Internet or WAN Server A computer or even a software program that provides clients with services such as file storage file server programs application server printer sharing print server fax fax server or modem sharing modem server See also Client Switch A device that improves network performance by segmenting the network When a switch port receives data packets it forwards those packets only to the appropriate port for the intended recipient This capability further reduces competition for bandwidth between the clients servers or workgroups connected to each switch port See also Hub WAN Wide area network Typically refers to a network that connects devices over greater distances such as geographical regions A WAN often connect two or more LANs together See also LAN Local Area Network 12 Catalyst An agent that precipitates or accelerates a reaction development or change For more information www cisco com go catalyst2950 www cisco com go catalyst3550 www cisco com go catalyst4500 www cisco com go catalyst6500 Cisco SYSTEMS Corporate Headquarters European Headquarters Americas Headquarters Asia Pacific Headquarters Cisco Systems Inc Cisco Systems International BV Cisco Systems Inc Cisco System
17. s Inc 170 West Tasman Drive Haarlerbergpark 170 West Tasman Drive Capital Tower San Jose CA 95134 1706 Haarlerbergweg 13 19 San Jose CA 95134 1706 168 Robinson Road USA 1101 CH Amsterdam USA 22 01 to 29 01 www cisco com The Netherlands www cisco com Singapore 068912 Tel 408 526 4000 www europe cisco com Tel 408 526 7660 www cisco com 800 553 NETS 6387 Tel 31020357 1000 Fax 408 527 0883 Tel 65 6317 7777 Fax 408 526 4100 Fax 31020 357 1100 Fax 65 6317 7799 Cisco Systems has more than 200 offices in the following countries and regions Addresses phone numbers and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco Web site at www cisco com go offices Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil e Bulgaria Canada Chile e China PRC Colombia Costa Rica e Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Dubai UAE Finland e France Germany Greece e Hong Kong SAR Hungary India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy e Japan Korea Luxembourg Malaysia Mexico e The Netherlands e New Zealand e Norway Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico e Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Scotland Singapore e Slovakia e Slovenia e South Africa e Spain e Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom United States Venezuela Vietnam Zimbabwe All contents are Copyright 1992 2003 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved CCIP CCSP the Cisco Arrow logo the Cisco Powered Network mark
18. sion of the Ethernet standard offering speeds of 1 Gbps That equals 1 000 Mbps or 100 times the speed of standard Ethernet See also Bandwidth Ethernet and Fast Ethernet Hub A device that interconnects clients and servers simply repeating or amplifying the signals between them Hubs act as wiring concentrators in networks based on star topologies rather than bus topologies in which computers are daisy chained together See also Switch Inline Power Inline power is 48 volt DC power delivered to terminal devices such as IP phones over standard network cables eliminating the need for separate power sources such as wall outlets Internet A massive global network interconnecting countless computers and networks worldwide It is accessible from any computer with a modem or router connection and the appropriate software IP Internet Protocol A network layer protocol in the TCP IP stack offering a connec tionless internetwork service IP provides features for addressing type of service specification fragmentation and reassembly and security IP Routing Unlike static routing where traffic patterns are established by the network admin istrator and must be manually adjusted IP routing is dynamic When a packet begins its journey through the network its entire route is not known Instead it progresses through the network one hop at a time and at each interval the network automatically calculates the ideal route t
19. ssis Cisco Catalyst 2950 Cisco Catalyst 3550 Cisco Catalyst 4500 Cisco Catalyst 6500 e Stackable Compact Footprint e Stackable Compact Footprint e 3 6 7 slot modular chassis e 3 6 9 13 slot modular chassis e Medium Port Density e Medium Port Density e 64 Gbps Switching Capacity e 256 Gbps Switching Capacity e L2 Switching e Gig Density 12 Ports e 240 10 100 1000TX FX 576 10 100TX FX e Clustering Management e L2 L4 Switching e Non Blocking Gig Density 32 e Non blocking Gig Density 142 e External Redundant Power e Clustering Management e LAN WAN Interfaces T1 E1 e 10 Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces e In line Power e L2 L4 Switching e Integrated Service Modules e External Redundant Power e Integrated In line Power e LAN WAN Interfaces to OC48 e Redundant Supervisors e L2 L7 Switching Integrated Redundant Power e Integrated In line Power e High Availability Stateful Failover e Redundant Supervisor Fabric e Integrated Redundant Power E P t O __ el Cisco IOS Software End to End Solutions Cisco AVVID Network Management Service and Support Catalyst Wiring Closet Deployment Scenarios Every network is unique just like the organizations they serve These diagrams illustrate four common deployments in wiring closets utilizing Cisco Catalyst 2950 3550 4500 and 6500 switches Depending on the size of the business these could be linked into the core network layer These are merely options of course the
20. user basis and frees up cell J router processing power a Enhanced Security The need for security increases as services and devices are added to the network Safeguards must be taken to ensure only authorized users can gain access to the network to restrict access to sensitive network areas and to prevent data and voice traffic from traveling Small Business Network to the wrong PC or IP phone Cisco Catalyst switches support multiple layers of security for end to end protection of network controls and resources High Availability The Cisco Catalyst family also increases network uptime and employee productivity through a unique combination of features designed to ensure maximum availability Capabilities include high performance IP routing Layer 2 and Layer 3 load balancing bandwidth aggregation technology multicast management via Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP snooping and Protocol Independent Multicast PIM and Cisco Spanning Tree Protocol enhancements such as BackboneFast UplinkFast PortFast and CrossStack UplinkFast Product Overview Q Why use Cisco A Lots of reasons as lots of people can attest Cata lyst switch es Cisco Systems achievements and contributions have made it one of the world s k most admired companies Service providers PTTs governments academic institu to ease networ tions Fortune 500 companies and small to medium businesses around the world evol utio n look to Cisco t
21. work to its edge Product Overview e Cisco Catalyst 3550 Series is a new line of enterprise class stackable multilayer switches With a range of Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet configurations it can serve as both a powerful access layer switch for medium enterprise wiring closets and as a backbone switch for midsize networks For the first time cus tomers can deploy network wide intelligent services including IP routing while maintaining the simplicity of traditional LAN switching e Cisco Catalyst 4500 Series offers wire speed multilayer switching with integrated resiliency control and intelligent services including granular QoS predictable performance advanced security and comprehensive management for converged network deployments Its modular high density high performance design supports switched 10 100 1000 in the LAN packet telephony enhanced security and integrated WAN capabilities for converged networks e Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series offers enterprises industry leading scalability flexibility and performance supporting a wide range of interface densities and services modules It s designed to address the growing need for security gigabit scalability high availability rich services and multilayer switching in backbone distribution and wiring closet topologies as well as data center environments including support for 10 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces and WAN connectivity up to OC 48 speeds Stackables Cha
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