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Bay Technical Associates RM356 User's Manual

1. Call filters foc Soe OO ce Pe oo ee ee I No No No Active data Outgoin Data Built in match User defined match 7 a H titers default call call filters i ee call filters if applicable if ine not up Send packet Ds fatter Paar tee eto ee E i and reset idle timer Match Match Drop Drop packet Drop packet packet if line not up if line not up Or Or Send packet Send packet but do not but do not reset idle timer reset idle timer TI8TEA Figure 8 1 Outgoing Packet Filtering Process Filter Configuration 8 1 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router For incoming packets the router applies data filters only Packets are processed depending on whether a match is made The router allows you to customize the filter sets that you want to use The following sections describe how to configure the filter sets for the router Router Filter Structure You can configure up to 12 filter sets each with up to six rules For IP packets these rules involve comparing the protocol type of a data packet for example TCP UDP source or destination addresses or port numbers Also a generic filter may be defined to merely test for a byte or pattern of bytes in a particular location in the packet When a rule is met or not met a user specified action is taken This action may be to forward the packet drop the packet or go to the next ru
2. To configure a specific filter rule select the number of the filter rule 1 6 that you want to configure and press Enter to display Menu 21 1 1 TCP IP Filter Rule Configuring a Filter Rule You can configure two types of filter rules Some of the parameters differ depending on the type of rule When you first enter the filter rule menu Menu 21 1 1 TCP IP Filter Rule is displayed If you want to configure a generic type of filter rule select Generic by pressing the space bar under the Filter Type field and then pressing Enter to display the menu for a generic filter rule TCP IP Filter Rule This section provides information about how to configure a TCP IP filter rule for your router The fields in the menu are given in Table 8 4 When you have completed Menu 21 1 1 TCP IP Filter Rule press Enter at the Press ENTER to Confirm prompt to confirm your selections You can press Esc at any time to cancel your selections The data you entered on Menu 21 1 1 TCP IP Filter Rule is displayed on Menu 21 1 Filter Rules Summary Table 8 4 lists and describes the TCP IP Filter Rule menu fields and a description of each field 8 4 Filter Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 8 4 TCP IP Filter Rule Menu Fields Field Description Active In this field you can make the filter rule active Yes or make the filter rule inactive No IP Protocol Protocol refers to the IP
3. xiv Table 9 1 Table 9 2 Table 9 3 Table 9 4 Table 9 5 System Maintenance Status Menu Fields c cccceseeeeeeeeeeesteeeeeeeeees 9 1 System Maintenance Status Menu Fields ccccecssseceeeeeesseeeeeeeeees 9 2 System Maintenance Log and Trace Menu Fields cc cccseeersees 9 4 System Maintenance Syslog and Accounting Menu Fields 9 5 System Maintenance Diagnostic Menu Fields Tables Preface Congratulations on your purchase of the NETGEAR Model RM356 Modem Router The Model RM356 Modem Router integrates a 4 port hub and one high speed 56K internal modem into a single package In a modem sized box your Model RM356 router offers a complete internetworking solution for your home or branch office The Model RM356 router is ideal for browsing the Internet receiving calls from remote dial in users or making LAN to LAN connections to remote nodes The Model RM356 router features one 56 kilobits per second Kbps modem line that can connect directly to your local PSTN Public Switch Telephone Network network thereby saving you the cost of buying additional external modems Purpose This guide describes the features of the Model RM356 Modem Router and provides installation and configuration instructions Audience To configure and install the Model RM356 Modem Router you should have the following background and experience e Working knowledge of basic n
4. The Model RM356 Modem Router implements NAT IP masquerading allowing the use of a single user account for Internet access The steps for configuring your router for single user Internet access are similar to those for conventional Internet access with the exception that you need to fill in three extra fields To configure your router for single user Internet access follow steps 1 through 6 from the previous section Internet Access Configuration You must provide the following additional information in step 7 before proceeding to step 8 and step 9 e Single User Account feature Enter Yes to enable the Single User Account feature Use the space bar to toggle between Yes and No e Single User Account Local IP Addr If your ISP assigns you a dynamic IP address enter 0 0 0 0 here If your ISP assigns you a static IP address enter that IP address here Configuration for Internet Access 4 3 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Single User Account Server IP Addr If you want to make your local server for example a Web server accessible to outside users enter the IP address of that server here Incoming packets with destination port numbers not handled by the router will be forwarded to this server address Backup ISP Accounts It may be desirable to configure more than one ISP account for backup purposes The NAT feature can be enabled for all of these accounts making it convenient to switch Inte
5. Recv Authen Mutual Authen 10 4 Troubleshooting Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router 2 Verify that the IP address is supplied correctly in Menu 13 if the remote dial in user is negotiating IP Check that the remote dial in user is supplying a valid IP address and that the router is assigning a valid address from the IP pool 3 Verify the user name and password for the remote dial in user in Menu 14 If you are still unable to determine the problem refer to Using the Packet and Log Trace on page 10 7 Troubleshooting the Manager Interface Refer to the following instructions if you cannot access the Manager interface by the serial port or by using the Telnet Protocol If you cannot access the Manager interface by the serial port 1 Verify that the router is connected to the serial port of your terminal or computer using the included cable 2 Check the configuration parameters of your terminal or communications program The connection should be configured as follows VT100 terminal emulation 9600 baud rate unless this setting has been changed previously in the router setup No parity 8 data bits 1 stop bit No flow control If you cannot access the Manager by using the Telnet Protocol refer to Testing the LAN Path to Your Router on page 10 2 Troubleshooting 10 5 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Restoring the Default Configura
6. Primary DNS Server If you want the router to provide the Primary DNS Server address to attached hosts enter the address in this field Secondary DNS Server If you want the router to provide the Secondary DNS Server address to attached hosts enter the address in this field TCP IP Setup IP Address Enter the IP address of the LAN interface of the router in dotted decimal notation four 8 bit numbers between 0 and 255 separated by periods for example 192 168 135 5 Every device on the TCP IP network must have a unique IP address IP Subnet Mask An IP address consists of two parts the network ID and the host ID The IP Subnet Mask specifies the network ID portion of the address written in dotted decimal notation The router automatically calculates this mask for the class of the IP address that you assign Unless you have a special need for subnetting use the default subnet mask calculated by the router All hosts on the LAN segment should use the same mask 3 10 Router Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 3 6 Menu 3 Ethernet Setup Menu Fields continued Field Description TCP IP Setup continued RIP Direction RIP Version This parameter determines how the router handles RIP Routing Information Protocol with other routing devices on the LAN If set to Both default the router broadcasts the routing table of the router on the LAN and incorporates
7. When you complete the menu press Enter at the Press ENTER to Confirm prompt to save your selections or press Esc at any time to cancel your selections Table 7 3 lists and describes the fields for Menu 12 1 Edit IP Static Route Table 7 3 Edit IP Static Route Menu Fields Field Description Route Name Enter a descriptive name for this route for identification purposes only Active This field allows you to activate or deactivate this static route Destination IP Address This field specifies the IP network address of the final destination Routing is always based on network number If you need to specify a route to a single host use a subnet mask of 255 255 255 255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host ID IP Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask for this destination For more information about setting IP subnet masks see Subnet Addressing on page 1 9 Gateway IP Address Enter the IP address of the gateway The gateway is an immediate neighbor of the router that forwards the packet to the destination On the LAN the gateway must be a router on the same segment as the router Over the WAN the gateway must be the IP address of one of the remote nodes Metric The Metric field represents the cost of transmission for routing purposes IP routing uses hop counts as the measurement of cost with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks Enter a number
8. Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router NETGEAR NETGEAR Inc A Bay Networks Company 4401 Great America Parkway Santa Clara CA 95054 USA Phone 800 211 2069 M RM356NA 0 July 1998 1998 by NETGEAR Inc All rights reserved Trademarks Bay Networks is a registered trademark of Bay Networks Inc NETGEAR and FirstGear are trademarks Bay Networks Inc Microsoft Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the product s described in this document without notice NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Federal Communications Commission FCC Compliance Notice Radio Frequency Notice This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions e This device may not cause harmful interference e This device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation Note This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable p
9. For most applications the recommended version is RIP 2B Select RIP 1 if other connected routers or workstations do not support RIP 2 Select RIP 2M only ina pure RIP 2 environment Static Route Setup On a directly connected internetwork RIP usually handles the routing automatically However RIP cannot propagate across isolated networks as in the case before a connection is made between two subnetworks using one Class C IP address Without a route no packets can be forwarded to their destinations A static route is used to resolve this problem by providing the router with some static routing information When you configure for Internet access or a remote node a static route is implicitly created by the router Under normal circumstances the router has adequate routing information after you configure the Internet access and remote nodes and you do not need to configure additional static routes You must configure static routes only for unusual cases for example subnetting To view the routes in the routing table go to the Command Interpreter Mode Menu 24 8 and type ip route stat After viewing the table type exit to return to the menus To create additional static routes for IP use Menu 12 Static Route Setup Select an unused number from the menu and a new menu opens This menu is Menu 12 1 the Edit IP Static Route menu 7 4 TCP IP Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router
10. Index R RAS S W Version System Maintenance Status menu 9 2 rear panel 2 7 Redirect to Modem field System Maintenance agnostic menu 9 6 Rem CLID field Edit Dial in User 6 4 Rem IP Addr field Rem Node Name field Remote Profile menu 5 2 Rem Subnet Mask field Remote Node Network Layer Options 7 3 remote dial in users 6 1 remote node configuring 5 1 setup 5 1 7 2 troubleshooting 10 4 Remote Node Network Layer Options menu 7 3 Remote Node PPP Options menu 5 4 Remote Node Profile menu 5 2 7 2 Remote Note Set Up menu 5 1 ng 10 4 Reset Modem field System Maintenance Diagnostic menu 9 6 1 3 1 5 remote user trouble Rer ote Node Ne work Options 7 4 Romdhcp 10 6 RomfileO 10 6 Route Name field Edit IP Static Route menu 7 5 Index router concepts 1 5 ting 2 5 Routing Information Protocol See RIP RX Pkts field System Maintenance Status menu 9 2 router conn aids Options display 5 5 tions editing 5 5 ee DNS Server field Ethernet Setup menu 3 10 security 1 2 1 4 serial cable 2 7 serial port connecting to 2 9 Session Options field Default Dial in Setup 6 3 Remote Node Profile menu 5 3 Single User Account field Remote Node Network Layer Options menu 7 3 single user account configuring for 4 3 software updating 9 9 Source field TCP IP Filter Rule menu 8 5 Speed field System Maintenance Status menu 9 2 subnet addressing 1 9 Syslog and
11. and upgrades to the system software This chapter describes the use of these tools System Status The System Maintenance Status Menu Menu 24 1 allows the user to monitor the operation of the router This screen displays the current status of the MODEM and Ethernet ports and it counts the number of packets sent and received It also displays the system software version Enter 24 from the Main Menu to display the System Maintenance Menu Then enter 1 to display Menu 24 1 System Maintenance Status Menu Table 9 1 lists the commands used in the System Maintenance Status Menu Table 9 1 System Maintenance Status Menu Fields Command Field Name Description Enter 1 Drop port 1 This field disconnects the current modem call Enter 9 Reset counters This field resets the counters Esc Pressing Esc exits this menu System Maintenance 9 1 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 9 2 lists the fields for Menu 24 1 System Maintenance Status These fields are read only fields Table 9 2 System Maintenance Status Menu Fields Field Description Port This field displays the WAN port number 1 For each channel the screen displays Status The remote node the channel is currently connected to or the status of the channel Idle Calling or Answering Speed The current connecting speed TX Pkts The number of packets transmitted on this channel since reset or manual clear RX Pk
12. in seconds This timeout determines how long the dial in user can be idle before the router disconnects the call Idle time is defined as the period of time when there is no data traffic between the dial in user and the router The default is 300 seconds 5 minutes Dial In Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router More On CLID CLID allows the Model RM356 Modem Router to authenticate a caller before a call is answered thus saving the cost of a connection The router uses the caller ID information provided by the telephone company during call setup to match against the CLID in the database Besides authentication another application of CLID is to combine it with callback For example if you enable both the CLID authentication and callback options for a dial in user all usage charges are incurred by the company instead of the employee This application may simplify accounting and eliminate the necessity for reimbursement Dial In Configuration 6 5 Chapter 7 TCP IP Configuration This chapter describes how to configure your Model RM356 Modem Router for TCP IP Depending on your particular applications you must configure different menus For instance Internet access is the most common application of TCP IP For this application you should configure Menu 4 Configurations for other applications are provided in the following sections LAN to LAN Application An example of a typical LAN to L
13. 5 Remote Node Network Layer Options menu 7 3 MGR port 2 7 mode command interpreter 9 10 Modem Name field Modem Setup menu 3 7 More field G Filter Rule menu 8 7 TCP IP Filter Rule menu 8 6 Multiple Link Options field Remote Node PPP Options menu 5 4 My WAN Addr field Remote Node Network Layer Options N Name field System Maintenance Status menu o 2 NAT See network address translation netn q description 1 8 translation table 1 10 1 11 network address translation 1 3 1 12 network checklist 2 4 0 Offset field Generic Filter Rule menu 8 7 Outgoing field Remote Node Profile menu 5 2 P package contents 2 1 PAP authentication 1 4 5 2 6 2 password changing 3 12 entering at startup 3 2 restoring 10 6 Password field Edit Dial in User 6 4 PC using to configure 1 4 2 9 3 1 Phone field Edit Dial in User 6 4 Phone Number field Modem Setup menu 3 7 Ping Host test 9 8 Ping utility 10 2 menu 8 5 Port source field TCP IP Filter Rule menu 8 5 Port Comp destination field TCP IP Filter Rule menu 8 5 Port field System Maintenance Status menu 9 2 power adapter connecting 2 8 power connecting 3 2 PPP Options field Default Dial in Setup 6 2 PPP options editing 5 4 Primary DNS field Ethernet Setup menu 3 10 Private field Edit IP Static Route menu 7 5 Remote Node Network Layer Options menu 7 3 private IP adresses 1 11 protocols bianca related xvii
14. Accounting menu 9 4 slog IP Address field Syslog and Accounting menu 9 5 System field System Maintenance Diagnostic 9 7 System Maintenance Status menu 9 2 System Status Menu 9 1 system tools 9 8 T TCP Estab field TCP IP Filter Rule menu 8 6 TCP IP configuration testing 9 6 configuring 7 1 network troubleshooting 10 2 Protocol 9 7 requirements 2 4 tools 9 7 using with LAN to LAN 7 1 TCP IP field System Maintenance Diagnostic menu 9 6 TCP IP Filter Rule menu 8 4 TCP IP Setup field Ethe Telco Options field Default Dial in Set Remote Node Profile menu 5 3 telephone line checklist 2 2 iet Setup menu 3 10 2 T N Telnet session connecting to manager interface 2 9 terminal baud rate 9 3 Total Outcall Time field System Maintenance trace display 9 7 trace tools 9 3 ing 10 1 d System Maintenance Status menu U User Name field Edit Dial in User 6 4 Value field Generic Filter Rule menu 8 7 WAN Menus manager interface 3 7 WAN port set warranty 1 3 ting up 3 7 Windows 95 unneccessary calls 8 9 World Wide Web iv X XMODEM Protocol 9 9 Index
15. If this field is set to No the remote host uses the IP address assigned by the router from the IP pool The default is Yes IP Pool If this field is set to Yes the router provides the remote host with an IP address from the pool This field is required if Dial In IP Address Supplied By Dial in User is set to No You can configure this field even if Dial in User is set to Yes in which case the router accepts the IP address if the remote peer specifies one otherwise an IP address is assigned from the pool The default is No If this field is set to Yes enter in IP Start Addr field the IP address that you want to assign the dial in user This field is active only if you selected Yes in the Dial In IP Address Supplied By IP Pool field This field specifies the IP address that is available to be assigned to a dial in user Session Options Input Filter Sets and In these fields you can select the filter set s to filter the incoming and Output Filter Sets outgoing traffic between your router and the remote dial in user These filter sets apply to all remote dial in users but not the remote nodes You can choose from 12 different filter sets In addition you can link as many as four filter sets together for further customization For example 1 5 9 12 Spaces and commas are accepted in this field For more information about customizing your filter sets see Chapter 8 Filter Configuration The default is blank no filters I
16. In this case assign IP addresses from a group of designated private IP addresses Refer to Single IP Address Operation Using NAT on page 1 12 for more information about IP address masquerading Refer to IP Addresses and the Internet on page 1 6 for more information about TCP IP network configuration 2 4 Router Installation and Connection Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Connecting the Router The front panel of the Model RM356 Modem Router as illustrated in Figure 2 1 contains status LEDs Refer to the illustration to locate the LEDs and to Table 2 1 for descriptions You can use some of the LEDs to verify connections NETGEAR 56 kbps Remtes Modem Router PWR TEST LAN oL MODEM TD BD Bay Networks wooetR M356 Key 1 PWR Power LED 2 TEST LED 3 LAN LEDs Collision and per port link activity 4 MODEM LEDs Off Hook Carrier Detect Transmit Data and Receive Data Figure 2 1 Front Panel of the Model RM356 Modem Router 8602EA Router Installation and Connection 2 5 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 2 1 lists and describes each LED on the front panel of the router These LEDs are green when lit Table 2 1 LED Descriptions Label Activity Description PWR Power On Power is supplied to the router TEST Blinking Off The router is functioning properly This LED will blink during i
17. N A More No Log None Action Matched Drop Action Not Matched Check Next Rule Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel x E Figure 8 4 TCP IP Filter Rule Menu 8 12 Filter Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router 5 Define the next five rules the same way one for each combination of the three port numbers and the two protocol types The last rule however will be slightly different For Action Not Matched select Forward Any packet that has not matched any of the six rules will be forwarded for routing When all six rules are defined Menu 21 1 should appear as it does in Figure 8 5 As a visual check make sure that all six rules contain Y in the A Active field D Drop in the m matched field and N next rule in the n not matched field except for the last rule which should have F Forward in the n field Figure 8 5 shows the Filter Rules Summary menu with all six rules defined a Menu 21 1 Filter Rules Summary k A Type Filter Rules Mmn Ye IF Pr 17 SA 0 0 0 0 SP 137 DA 0 0 0 0 NDN 2Y EP Pr 17 SA 0 0 0 0 SP 138 DA 0 0 0 0 NDN 3 Y IF Pr 17 SA 0 0 0 0 SP 139 DA 0 0 0 0 NDN 4 Y IP Pr 6 SA 0 0 0 0 SP 137 DA 0 0 0 0 NDN 5 Y IP Pr 6 SA 0 0 0 0 SP 138 DA 0 0 0 0 NDN 6 Y IP Pr 6 SA 0 0 0 0 SP 139 DA 0 0 0 0 NDF k Enter Filter Rule Number 1 6 to Configure E Figure 8 5 Filter Rules Summary Menu Filt
18. RIP broadcasts by other routers into its routing table If set to In Only the router broadcasts its routing table on the LAN If set to Out Only the router broadcasts its routing table but it ignores any RIP broadcast packets that it receives If set to None the router does not participate in any RIP exchange with other routers on the LAN Usually you should leave this parameter at the default Both and let RIP propagate the routing information automatically This field determines which version of RIP Routing Information Protocol will be used by the router The following RIP options are supported by the Model RM356 Modem Router e RIP 1 The router will accept and send RIP 1 messages only RIP 2B The router will accept RIP 1 and RIP 2 messages both broadcast and multicast and send RIP 2 messages in broadcast format RIP 2M The router will accept RIP 1 and RIP 2 messages both broadcast and multicast and send RIP 2 messages in multicast format For most applications the recommended version is RIP 2B Select RIP 1 if other connected routers or workstations do not support RIP 2 Select RIP 2M only in a pure RIP 2 environment Router Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Manager Password Setup To change the Manager password 1 Select option 23 System Password from the main menu to display Menu 23 System Password 2 Enter your previous system password and press
19. T 1 3 TOPIP GUDO cress cca tate deve candsceas aaa aee ini Ti 1 3 IP Address Masquerading by Dynamic NAT sesssssssssssressrresrrsesrrserrsernrsereerrese 1 3 Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP ccceeceeeeeeeeeteeeeeneeetees 1 3 eo IE E E E A E E A E E E deaaeentarastjugunieasoneares 1 4 Galing Ling WTA BOY cossiensa nna AS 1 4 PAP and CHAP Authentication onisango 1 4 CADE aer ANE E 1 4 Management SuUpDOTI ruens eaa inl iene 1 4 Basio Router COnN E aiecccs caseenad cianneacdunebendeaxcamentessencnteeareds saunas duabiupanestinescenseccsquommeesdnienae 1 5 iat ba Rouer cccniinanaitieminnenmnicdninnininaiema AR 1 5 Routing Information Protocol exccccsccidsatecienuccunie ion ea L IP Addresses and the Mernel satuaiccrnntsucetriincecemnisiuadsniaiuncsttaninaceiivcctaumibuadeaea te 1 6 a A E EE AE N E E T 1 8 SUNE Pe ESI aeaii ana EAA eared 1 9 Contents v Private IP GROSS OS ainara tute scetecat vec tincee nines A A 1 11 Single IP Address Operation Using NAT c ccecceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeee sete eeeeeeteeeeeeeeetees 1 12 Address Rosolutorn PRAWN occ scsncccsnconsscccnctesnesecencancnes ES 1 13 Doman Name Sora ssa 1 13 IP Comiguraiion by DAG soeanimineniscennnen e n 1 14 Chapter 2 Router Installation and Connection pec tora CONO paaa E 2 1 E e EE A A A P E A E E E E T E 2 2 Telephone Line Checklist ii ame RAE Neem 2 2 DPR GKUGSD EE S A A E AA E 2 2 SORTS ACCOUNT osci a aaia 2 3 LANAC SOUN riait aia EE EA 2 3 Ac
20. When you have completed this menu press Enter to return to Menu 2 Be sure to press Enter again to exit Menu 2 in order to save changes made in both menus Router Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Ethernet Menu Menu 3 is for configuring the Ethernet LAN parameters including interface type filters DHCP and IP address information From the Main Menu enter 3 to display Menu 3 Ethernet Setup There are two submenus Menu 3 1 General Setup and Menu 3 2 TCP IP and DHCP Setup Refer to the following sections for descriptions of these submenus Refer to Table 3 1 on page 3 3 for information about navigating through the menus General Setup Menu The General Setup Menu allows the application of filter sets for filtering your Ethernet traffic Filter sets are used to block certain packets in order to reduce bandwidth or to enhance security Refer to Chapter 8 Filter Configuration for more information about configuring filters Filters that have been defined in Menu 21 may be applied here by entering their numbers in the appropriate fields in this menu Up to four filter sets may be cascaded by listing the filter set numbers separated by commas Table 3 5 lists and describes the filter sets in the Ethernet General Setup menu Table 3 5 Ethernet General Setup Menu Filter Sets Field Description Input and Output Filter Enter the filter set number s to apply a filter to pack
21. a Remote User Connection ccccccceceecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeneenees 10 4 viii Contents Troubleshooting the Manager Interface ssciscssssccdessssiicactovncdperieticesiten tart eeeesrees 10 5 Restoring the Default Configuration and Password ccecccccsceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 10 6 Using Me Packet and Log TACO icccracccssccnacessnianennricinonseresaseanaceaihcnbancouisenneecencanctoaataags 10 7 Packer Wace Display Formal sesan A E 10 8 Appendix A Technical Specifications Index Contents x Contents Figure 1 1 Figure 1 2 Figure 1 3 Figure 2 1 Figure 2 2 Figure 3 1 Figure 3 2 Figure 3 3 Figure 7 1 Figure 8 1 Figure 8 2 Figure 8 3 Figure 8 4 Figure 8 5 Figure 8 6 Figure 9 1 Figure 9 2 Figure 9 3 Figure 10 1 Figure 10 2 Figures Figures Three Main Address CISSS OS ccccaias csncssanracsdecerensadtsaneedqumasannestanteoncessttevees 1 7 Example of Subnetting a Class B Address 0 eee ceeeeeeeeeenteeeeeeenteeeeeeeeaes 1 9 Single IP Address Operation Using NAT eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeee 1 12 Front Panel of the Model RM356 Modem Router aeee 2 5 Rear Panel of the Model RM356 Modem Router ccesssseeeeeeeeeees 2 7 PACU BS DISMAY siartesctuccscssesonizraiiteudnd ites duadedpecduatadarepunddaontncatneaaebaadiecstts 3 2 Manager Man Monu c ticssedteinassacaieuadieacktuadvedeteaagrserdnaasenRoMR AG 3 4 Menn 1 Gener
22. dynamic NAT See network address translation E Edit Dial in User menu 6 4 Edit IP field Remote Node Profile menu 7 2 Edit IP Options field Remote Node Profile menu 5 3 Edit IP Static Route menu 7 5 Edit PPP Options field Remote Node Profile menu 5 3 Encapsulation field Remote Node PPP Options menu 5 4 EPROM for firmware upgrade 1 3 error log 9 4 net Address field System Maintenance 9 2 Ethernet field System Maintenance Status menu 9 2 Ethernet Setup menu 3 10 2 F features 1 1 Filter Rules Summary menu 8 3 8 7 neric IP 8 3 filtering process example 8 1 filters configuring 8 1 for reducing Windows 95 calls 8 9 filter typ rg Se iption 1 2 uration 1 4 3 1 front panel 2 5 Gateway IP Address field Edit IP Static Route menu 7 5 General Setup menu 3 6 Generic Filter Rule menu 8 7 H Hang Up B2 Call field Diagnostic menu 9 6 hub ports connecting 2 8 Idle Time out field Edit Dial in User 6 4 Incoming field Remote Node Profile menu 5 2 Input and Output Filter Sets field General Setup menu 3 9 installation 1 2 Internet Setup test 9 7 Internet accessing 4 2 IP Addr desti 1 field TCP IP Filter Rule menu 8 5 IP Addr source field TCP IP Filter Rule menu 8 5 IP Address Supplied By field Default Dial in Setup 6 3 Index IP addresses and NAT 1 12 and the Internet 1 6 IP vin guration by DHCP 1 14 IP Mask destination field TCP IP Filter
23. networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your ISP The router accomplishes this address sharing by translating the internal LAN IP addresses to a single address that is globally unique on the Internet The internal LAN IP addresses can be either private addresses or registered addresses For more information about IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT Figure 1 3 illustrates a single IP address operation Private IP addresses assigned by user IP addresses assigned by ISP 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 3 192 168 0 1 172 21 15 105 aiden tae ht eS las as jE 192 168 0 4 192 168 0 5 T186EA Figure 1 3 Single IP Address Operation Using NAT 1 12 Introduction Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router This scheme offers the additional benefit of firewall protection because the internal LAN addresses are not available to the Internet through the translated connection All incoming inquiries are filtered out by the router This filtering can prevent intruders from probing your system You can specify one server for example a Web server on your local network and make it accessible by outside users Address Resolution Protocol An IP address alone cannot be used to deliver data from one device to another on a LAN In order for data to be sent from one devic
24. other hosts through RIP broadcasts TCP IP Configuration 7 3 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 7 2 Menu 11 3 Remote Node Network Layer Options Fields continued Field Description RIP This parameter determines how the router handles RIP Routing Information RIP Direction Protocol If set to Both default the router broadcasts its routing table to other routers and incorporates RIP broadcasts by other routers into its routing table If set to In Only the router will not broadcast its routing table but will accept RIP information from other routers If set to Out Only the router broadcasts its routing table but it ignores any RIP broadcast packets that it receives If set to None the router does not participate in any RIP exchange with other routers Usually you should leave this parameter at the default Both and let RIP propagate the routing information automatically RIP Version This field determines which version of RIP Routing Information Protocol will be used by the router The following RIP options are supported by the Model RM356 Modem Router e RIP 1 The router will accept and send RIP 1 messages only RIP 2B The router will accept RIP 1 and RIP 2 messages both broadcast and multicast and send RIP 2 messages in broadcast format e RIP 2M The router will accept RIP 1 and RIP 2 messages both broadcast and multicast and send RIP 2 messages in multicast format
25. select Yes and press Enter This step will bring you to Menu 2 1 Advanced MODEM Setup Router Configuration 3 7 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Advanced MODEM Setup Menu Use the commands described in Table 3 3 to display Menu 2 1 Advanced MODEM Setup When you finish entering the information for all the fields e Press Enter at the Press ENTER to Confirm prompt to save your selections or e Press Esc to cancel When you press Enter the router uses the information that you enter to initialize the internal modem Table 3 4 lists and describes the fields for Menu 2 1 Advanced MODEM Setup Table 3 4 Advanced MODEM Setup Menu Field Descriptions Field Description Default AT Command Strings Dial Enter the AT Command string to make a modem connection atdt Init Enter the AT Command string to initialize the modem at amp fs0 O0w2s95 1 Call Control Dial Timeout The router will time out if it cannot set up an outgoing modem call 60 sec within the timeout value Retry Count How many times a busy or no answer phone number is retried 0 before it is put on the blacklist 0 disables blacklisting Retry Interval Elapsed time after a call fails before another call may be retried 10 sec Applies before a phone number is blacklisted Call Back Elapsed time between dropping a callback request call and dialing 15 Delay sec a Callback call
26. to an IP address in order for a user to actually contact the resource Just as each workstation maintains an ARP table to map IP addresses to MAC addresses a domain name server DNS maps descriptive names of network resources to IP addresses When a workstation needs to access a resource by its descriptive name it first contacts a DNS to obtain the IP address of the resource It can then send the desired message using the IP address Many large organizations such as ISPs maintain their own DNSs and allow their customers to use them for address lookup Introduction 1 13 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router IP Configuration by DHCP When an IP based local area network is installed each workstation must be configured with an IP address If the workstations need to access the Internet they should also be configured with a gateway address and one or more DNS server addresses As an alternative to manual configuration there is a method by which each device on the network can obtain this configuration information automatically A device on the network may act as a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server A DHCP server stores a list or pool of IP addresses along with other information such as gateway and DNS addresses that it may assign to the other devices on the network The Model RM356 Modem Router has the capacity to act as a DHCP server 1 14 Introduction Chapter 2 Router Installation and Connection
27. up telephone connection Routing Information Protocol One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing Information Protocol RIP RIP is a distance vector protocol meaning that all the decisions about which path to use are based upon a logical distance between source and destination networks This distance is measured in hops meaning the number of relaying routers in the path between the source LAN router and the router of the destination LAN For example the LAN of router A is considered to be hop away If router A can reach the network of router B by a direct WAN link to the network of router B the network of router B is two hops away If another network must be reached by calling router B and having router B forward the data that network is n hops away where n is the number of routers traversed by the data to get to the network farthest away When there are multiple paths to a network the path with the fewest hops is chosen and is regarded as the best path and all other information about how to get to that network is discarded Introduction 1 5 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Using RIP routers update one another periodically and check to see if there are any changes to be added to the routing table An important consideration is the convergence time or how long it takes for a change to the routing topology such as a new node or a node failure to be pro
28. whether a packet causes a call to be placed to the remote node Call Filter Sets 1 3 10 8 8 Filter Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Reducing Unnecessary Calls by Windows 95 One example of when to apply a filter set is reducing unnecessary calls by Windows 95 When using Windows 95 with a dial up router you may need to make some configuration changes to avoid having calls placed unnecessarily Most of these unnecessary calls are caused by PCs on the LAN trying to perform local NetBIOS name resolution either in response to a user action browsing the Network Neighborhood or turning a PC on or off for example or as periodic background activity In some cases this NetBIOS activity can be kept local by other means such as configuring a WINS or DNS server on the local network using an LMHOSTS file to store addresses of local hosts or turning off NetBIOS name resolution by DNS A simpler method is to filter NetBIOS traffic using the filtering capabilities of your Model RM356 Modem Router Diagnosing the Situation If you already know the source or types of packets that are causing the problem you can proceed directly to the design of the filter Otherwise you can use a sniffer or the router s built in tools to determine the source A particularly useful tool is the display in Menu 24 1 of the LAN Packet Which Triggered Last Call Figure 8 2 illustrates the header of the packet that caused a
29. you use to configure your router Table 3 1 lists and describes the commands that enable you to navigate through the menus in the Manager Table 3 1 Manager Menu Commands Action Description Move forward to another Enter the number of the submenu and press Enter menu Move back to a previous Press Esc The only exception is the Main Menu where typing 99 is the only menu method to exit from the Manager Move the cursor Press Enter You can also use the Up and Down keys to move to the previous and the next field respectively Enter information There are two types of fields for entering selected parameters The first requires you to enter the appropriate information The second gives you options to choose from When choosing options press the space bar to toggle through the available options Required fields Some of the fields in the Manager are essential in order to configure the router The required fields initially show a question mark indicating that the information must be filled in before that menu can be saved N A fields Some of the fields in the Manager show N A meaning the option is not available Save your configuration Press Enter when prompted to press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel In most cases saving the data on the screen takes you to the previous menu Router Configuration 3 3 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router The Manager Main Men
30. 0 Managor Fasi word COD saia 3 12 Chapter 4 Configuration for Internet Access Woman ONEERISE rriei tna a a a a aa rer re 4 1 Internet Access Config Urati n sscciassissiectnasiieiienianennssiiiianidassand eroded 4 2 Contigutation for Singhe USer ACCOUNT srasni ee Bacon OF PCCW airon 4 4 Conigurmg or A Backup IOP sissa anA arasa aeaii 4 4 SWIC HIIG O a Baup IOP sesi aada 4 4 Chapter 5 Remote Node Configuration EGINO FFE OPIO E eanna a a Edun conp ORTONE iraa aE EE ES 5 5 Chapter 6 Dial In Configuration Derai Ever I SOUD osiakin A 6 1 Da ET S a a aa aa i 6 3 More Omo L sa A aa 6 5 Chapter 7 TCP IP Configuration LANAG LAN AppDicatoN socsccsensscareccg veces tievwuseaieparbaseremimenidaguecarmaeuoeiaphamndetoguonmeuns 7 1 Remote Node SOUD osaird aN aa 7 2 Sne ROE OU eaa dani ad phnanuaadhcdaunddad Lancuaatt nim auuphaamineun saiateat acl et ulna deel 7 4 Chapter 8 Filter Configuration Rouer Finer TUCU aira EE EEES 8 2 Configuring a Filter Set Pee ee rer ene A eer ANE E fer E er teen rere 8 2 COPTIC a Filer RUIG sincccsstcesadectarhaascctinteaaccent enii ai 8 4 TEPIP Fier PUIS anaia ee anisanaanite 8 4 VS MSTA Frer IS aeaa a aa T Contents vii Pliny A Filer SEN sriti T 8 8 Reducing Unnecessary Calls by Windows 95 cccsccesceeeseeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeaees 8 9 Diagnosing the SATO simonsen ir eR 8 9 Vena see TA et he PURSE sanser 8 11 APENDO ho FN acces aiacomace nlasatene sGnevonetigsanonerdia
31. 0 1F 11 CC 9D 8D FB 17 12 CF 45 BC B9 00 89 00 35 Bold characters denote destination port number 53 or 35h DNS This packet represents a NetBIOS name service request from a local PC to the DNS server of the ISP An initial strategy for blocking this type of call would be to set up a call filter to prevent calls from being originated by UDP packets with a source port of 137 NetBIOS name service Further investigation would reveal that other ports are associated with NetBIOS services and these ports should be blocked too A comprehensive list of protocol and port numbers for common IP traffic can be found in IETF RFC1700 Assigned Numbers Many common port numbers are also listed on any Windows PC in a file called windows services In the case of filtering NetBIOS traffic the relevant ports are e 137 TCP and UDP NetBIOS Name Service e 138 TCP and UDP NetBIOS Datagram Service e 139 TCP and UDP NetBIOS Session Service 8 10 Filter Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Implementing the Filter Now you can proceed to define a call filter to block the three NetBIOS service ports The Filter Set Configuration Menu is shown in Figure 8 3 To define a call filter 1 Goto Menu 21 Filter Set Configuration and choose a name and filter set A Menu 21 Filter Set Configuration N Filter Filter Set Comments Set Comments 1 netbios 7 2 8 3 9 4 10 5 11 6 12 Enter Filter Set Numbe
32. 11000000 10101000 10101010 00000000 192 168 170 0 As a shorter alternative to dotted decimal notation the netmask may also be expressed in terms of the number of ones from the left This number is appended to the IP address following a backward slash as n In the example the address could be written as 192 168 170 237 24 indicating that the netmask is 24 ones followed by 8 zeros 1 8 Introduction Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Subnet Addressing By looking at the addressing structures you can see that even with a Class C address there are a large number of hosts per network Such a structure is an inefficient use of addresses if each end of a routed link requires a different network number It is unlikely that the smaller office LANs would have that many devices You can resolve this problem by using a technique known as subnet addressing Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical networks known as subnetworks Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead A Class B address gives you 16 bits of node numbers translating to about 64 000 nodes Most organizations do not use 64 000 nodes so there are free bits that can be reassigned Subnet addressing makes use of those bits that are free as illustrated in Figure 1 2 Class B Th Network Subnet Node 7262 Figure 1 2 Example of Subnetting a Class B Address A Cla
33. AN application is to use the router to call from a branch office to the headquarters as shown in Figure 7 1 Corporate Branch office headquarters Model RM356 Model RM356 router router 8697EA Figure 7 1 LAN to LAN Application For the branch office you must configure a remote node in order to dial out to the headquarters Additionally you may also need to configure static routes if some services reside beyond the immediate remote LAN TCP IP Configuration 7 1 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Remote Node Setup See Chapter 5 Remote Node Configuration for information about using the protocol independent parameters on Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile Use the fields described in Table 7 1 to set the protocol dependent parameters Note If you are configuring the router to receive an incoming call you must also set the default dial in parameters in Menu 13 see Chapter 6 Dial In Configuration Table 7 1 Fields in Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile Fields Field Description Rem IP Address Enter the IP address of the router at the remote site If the remote router uses a different IP address than the one entered here the call will be terminated A static route will be created to the network address of the remote router Note that if the remote network uses a netmask other than the standard class netmask you m
34. Enter 3 Enter your new system password and press Enter 4 Enter your new system password again for confirmation and press Enter You must enter this new password when you want to access the Manager through the serial port or by a Telnet connection If you lose or forget the Manager password you must clear the configuration of the router as described in Chapter 10 Troubleshooting Clearing the configuration will cause the Manager password to revert to the factory default 1234 3 12 Router Configuration Chapter 4 Configuration for Internet Access This chapter provides information to help you configure your Model RM356 Modem Router for Internet access Information Checklist Use Menu 4 of the Manager to configure Internet access Before you configure the router for Internet access make sure your ISP Internet service provider provides you with the following information e For your router IP address of the gateway of your ISP optional Telephone number s of your ISP Login name Password for authentication e For your workstation IP address of the Domain Name Server DNS of your ISP NETGEAR recommends that you review the information about IP addressing starting with IP Addresses and the Internet on page 1 6 Configuration for Internet Access 4 1 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Internet Access Configuration You can configure the router for access to an Inter
35. GEAR highly recommends backing up your router configuration after it is functioning The procedure for downloading varies depending on the type of terminal software used to access the router Your terminal software must have the ability to transfer data using the XMODEM Protocol to perform the backup A backup is possible only through the serial cable connection Restore Configuration Select option 6 from Menu 24 Maintenance to reload a previously backed up configuration from a disk to the router The configuration is stored in the internal flash ROM of your router and is retained even if a power failure occurs The procedure for uploading varies depending on the type of terminal software used to access the router Your terminal software must have the ability to transfer data using the XMODEM Protocol to perform the upload Restoring a configuration is possible only through the serial cable connection Software Update Software updates are possible only through the serial cable connection You cannot use the Telnet Protocol to update the software version of your router Your serial communications software must have the ability to transfer data using the XMODEM Protocol Using Menu 24 7 Software Update you can update the main router RAS software or the configuration ROM area Caution This procedure deletes the existing software before installing the new software Do not attempt to use this menu unless you have the new softw
36. N Protocols PPP Data and Routing Protocols TCP IP RIP 1 RIP 2 DHCP Modem Standard V 90 Security PAP CHAP Caller ID Data Compression Hi fn Stac LZS Compression with CCP Power Adapter North America 120V 60 Hz input United Kingdom 240V 50 Hz input Europe 230V 50 Hz input Japan 100V 50 60 Hz input Technical Specifications A 1 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router All regions output 16 V AC 1A output 22W maximum Physical Specifications Dimensions 253 by 181 by 35 mm 9 95 by 7 1 by 1 4 in Weight 1 1 kg 2 5 Ib Environmental Specifications Operating temperature 0 to 40 C Operating humidity 90 maximum relative humidity noncondensing Electromagnetic Emissions Meets requirements of FCC Part 15 Class B VCCI Class 2 EN 55 022 CISPR 22 Class B Interface Specifications LAN UTP 1OBASE T RJ 45 Line RJ 11 Manager RS 232 RJ45 A 2 Technical Specifications A AC power adapter connecting 2 8 accounting function 9 4 Action Matched Not Matched field Generic Filter Rule menu 8 8 TCP IP Filter Rule menu 8 6 Active field Edit Dial in User 6 4 Edit IP Static Route menu 7 5 Generic Filter Rule menu 8 7 Modem Setup menu 3 7 Remote Node Profile menu 5 2 script options display 5 5 Syslog and Accounting menu 9 5 TCP IP Filter Rule menu 8 5 Address Resolution Protocol see ARP Advanced Setup field Modem Setup menu 3 7 AT Command Strings field Adva
37. Rule menu 8 5 IP Mask source field TCP IP Filter Rule menu 8 5 IP Protocol field TCP IP Filter Rule menu 8 5 IP Source Route field TCP IP Filter Rule menu 8 5 IP S bnet Mask field Edit IP Static Route menu ISP Connection troubleshooting 10 4 L LAN Packet System Mainten LEDs description 2 6 troubleshooting 10 1 Length field Generic Filter Rule menu 8 7 line port connecting 2 7 log 9 3 Log and Trace menu 9 4 Which Ti iggered Last Call field status menu 9 2 Log Facility field Syslog and Accounting menu 95 Log field Generic Filter Rule menu 8 8 TCP IP Filter Rule menu 8 6 Index ntosh using to configure 1 4 2 9 3 1 in na troubleshooting 10 5 ing 1 2 1 4 2 9 3 1 manager interface menus Advanced Modem setup 3 8 Change Password 3 12 Default Dial in Setup 6 1 Diagnostic 9 6 Dial in User Setup 6 4 Edit Dial in User 6 4 Edit IP Static Route 7 5 Ethernet Setup Menu 3 10 Filter Rules Summary 8 3 8 7 a Setup Menu 3 6 Lng ail Trace 9 Main 3 4 Modem Setup 3 7 Remote Node Network Layer Options 7 3 Remote Node PPP Options 5 4 Remote Node Profile 5 1 7 2 Remote Node Setup 5 1 Static Route Setup 7 4 Syslog and Accounting 9 4 System Password 3 12 System Status 9 1 TCP IP Filter Rule 8 4 manager password setup 3 12 Manual Call field Diagnostic menu 9 6 Manual Call test 9 7 Mask field Generic Filter Rule menu 8 7 c Route menu 7
38. This chapter provides instructions for installing the Model RM356 Modem Router and connecting to the built in interface through a serial or Telnet connection Package Contents The product package should contain the following items Model RM356 Modem Router AC power adapter 16 V AC output 10 foot 10BASE T Ethernet cable straight through wiring white telephone cable black 25 pin to RJ 45 serial cable 9 pin D connector to 25 pin D connector adapter This guide Getting Started Using FirstGear for the Model RM356 Modem Router FirstGear Installation Diskette Warranty card Call your dealer if there are any wrong missing or damaged parts Keep the carton including the original packing materials to repack the router if you need to return it for repair Router Installation and Connection 2 1 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Checklists Check the following lists to make sure that your network is correctly configured and all requirements are met After your network is correctly configured and all requirements as defined by the following checklists are met you are ready to configure and install your router Telephone Line Checklist The Model RM356 Modem Router connects to the Public Switched Telephone Network PSTN using a standard analog voice line e Line Quality Though the modem is capable of 56 Kbps download performance the condition of your telephone line and your local public telephone
39. aadiineteeaens 3 5 MODEM Setup Menu Parameters c ccisciictencsciertancctartcansuiairranansmivvannccieta 3 7 Advanced MODEM Setup Menu Field Descriptions n se 3 8 Ethernet General Setup Menu Filter Sets cccecceeseeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 3 9 Menu 3 Ethernet Setup Menu Fields eee eeeeceeeeeseeeceeeeeeseeeeeeeeneeees 3 10 Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile Fields eecceceesseeeeeeeesseeeeeeeeeees 5 2 Fields in Menu 11 2 Remote Node PPP Options eseese 5 4 OTT Options Display 15 1 cae csenicdatisecasuuriociaaiia tered tiseraauiiieauauiesebandins 5 5 Fields in Menu 13 Default Dial in Setup ceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeteees 6 2 Fields in Menu 14 1 Edit Dial in User siciccieievscasstnierenssente conasininevaccnnty 6 4 Fields in Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile Fields ccceeseeeeeees 7 2 Menu 11 3 Remote Node Network Layer Options Fields 00 7 3 Edit IP Static Route Menu Fields ccsciccccessissecetesdasetesastasenenneabeoastonade 7 5 Abbreviations Used in Menu 21 1 Filter Rules Summary 05 8 3 Abbreviations Used if Filter Type Is IP cc ceecceeeseeceeeesseeeeeeesseeeeeee es OPO Abbreviations Used if Filter Type Is GEN 00 ee eeeesseeeeeeecceeeeeeeeeeeeeenes 8 4 TCP IP Filter Rule Menu Fields secaccscsccaccsoonierarnncinaatncnaeanoiesenciainnune 8 5 Generic Filter File Menu Fields seccccicmncecscssainetaacssiaeteassinnitraasnsmnietannianete 8 7 xiii
40. acket to the path indicated using the entry in the routing table The entry in the path list contains the phone number s of the target router The router sends the number to the modem port to connect the call The WAN path is established and the data is sent to the remote unit At the receiving end the process operates in the reverse order from the modem port to the LAN port The internal 56K modem in the Model RM356 router allows downstream data rates of up to 56 Kbps from your Internet service provider ISP and upstream rates of up to 33 6 Kbps Features The Model RM356 Modem Router is a flexible high performance easy to use router that provides a cost effective solution for intelligent networking access across an analog telephone line With minimum setup you can install and use the router within minutes to meet a wide variety of networking requirements Introduction 1 1 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Key Features The Model RM356 Modem Router provides the following features e Internal high speed analog modem V 90 standard 56K modem operation to provide up to 56 Kbps downstream data rate from your ISP e Dial on demand Calls automatically placed and terminated as needed without user intervention e Protocol Support JP routing Dynamic NAT for operation with a single static or dynamic IP address DHCP for dynamically assigning network configuration information to LAN workstat
41. al Setup cascscciserianacesesasnsmnnorsaaansenriadderemdasiennianiaranaaens 3 6 LAN tO LAN Applicati n sicsacsscsstauicanczsniternaxaantiainluiuetiamaiieatciaitiiatnauiaints 7 1 Outgoing Packet Filtering Process ssiiiseireisesrinnnineenisini snenie ninnisi 8 1 LAN Packet Which Triggered Last Call 0 0 sete bai EE E E T 8 9 Menu 21 Filter Set Comfiguraton sssrin 8 11 TOPP Filtet Rule MENY cercania aieia Aa Aayan 8 12 Filter Rules Summary Menu sssri scncconectacseemetsaddoined iai i 8 13 Remote Node Profile MGA citer varat susie iii haan a 8 14 Packe EAM IICS rrisin AA tua naar artes 9 3 Trace Display for a Successful TCP IP Protocol Connection 9 7 Trace Display for a Failed TCP IP Protocol Connection scese 9 8 Packet Trace Display Definitions sei ncciisicnrcsisaeasonntiegimmecsesacinsscomectnanss LOR PPP Message DENONSE sarsaran emt 10 8 xi xii Figures Table 1 1 Table 1 2 Table 2 1 Table 3 1 Table 3 2 Table 3 3 Table 3 4 Table 3 5 Table 3 6 Table 5 1 Table 5 2 Table 5 3 Table 6 1 Table 6 2 Table 7 1 Table 7 2 Table 7 3 Table 8 1 Table 8 2 Table 8 3 Table 8 4 Table 8 5 Tables Tables Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet essees 1 10 Netmask FOIE sia icecasi a cnecesiadincacadiiceescnsinnddasd SESA E 1 11 LED DSS GH DUONS euna 2 6 Manager Menu Commands sesssnissninisin 3 3 Manager Menu SUMMAY ees cctccausiticccsiincscnaduad cacnacdsstaddaaacs
42. ands for Menu 24 3 System Maintenance Log and Trace Table 9 3 System Maintenance Log and Trace Menu Fields Command Field Enter 1 View Error Log Enter 2 Syslog and Accounting View Error Log Select the first option from Menu 24 3 System Maintenance Log and Trace to display the Error Log in the system Use the space bar to scroll this screen if necessary After each display you are prompted with an option to clear the Error Log Enter the appropriate choice and press Enter Syslog and Accounting Syslog and Accounting can be configured in Menu 24 3 2 System Maintenance Syslog and Accounting Menu 24 3 2 configures the router to send UNIX system logs to another machine 9 4 System Maintenance Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router You must configure the parameters to activate syslog Table 9 4 Table 9 4 System Maintenance Syslog and Accounting Menu Fields Field Command Description Active Press the space bar to toggle between The syslog option is turned on or off yes and no Syslog IP Address Enter the address in dotted decimal This field is the IP address location to notation such as a b c d where a b c send your syslog and d are numbers between 0 and 255 Log Facility Press the space bar to toggle between Seven different local options can be on and off selected This feature is used for UNIX applications The router sends three d
43. aoceer a EO Chapter 9 System Maintenance ELSA vA 9a arcu dd uh aa saaumuealiaitattunds 9 1 Tee na Tet AAS Fae aaa monn aerate ee ADEN MIC aE E NaeErERaaNENERNSS 9 3 VE ye galls sieaas NAN N recta ersten are Sere t erect rere tt 9 4 STV SIO and ACCOUNUMG ossia a Nai 9 4 DaO VA eaei T E 9 6 Call Testing and TPA Toole scacciecrsscansecacsatnrssasiannesaisiaaoeoiionmmoicseeammmousnin Or IV SUE TRIED enara aE E E EA 9 8 Back Up GRAFT CNG Is cescccsanenane danni eaa Eea AEA iadaa 9 9 Fre siohe Coni ON asa 9 9 Doman UDITE iT AT erent rere eer rere errr err 9 9 Command Imerproter Mode ccccsi si wncecutssiccadarsinddeuutsauteesuuedntil cddedaanciubaticlandeuaieiangenianabnncds 9 10 Call COMMO sariranira o eea a Ea T ETNE 9 10 BIACKIS sccsccasceshicatadereatsaqazadaardenntdudadengstanhesanutnaaabarntddadesuaaneaadenettasacaqaausaaceeaeiadgaataans 9 11 Budget Management besasnrienmietineineni nine e a a Gal FIIO srana i ar aE 9 11 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting Basie FURGHORING rsim neen E EA EERE NER 10 1 RE E e PEE A E APEA A E E O E A N A E A E E A 10 1 LAN CIKK LEE s cic ct bnscatateeamadiae a a LOE Troubleshooting a TCP IP Network Using a Ping Utility 00 a 10 2 Testing the LAN Path to Your ROUET sisersiiiesinirsiessiurierenasnii enana 10 2 Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device aeescneseessereresrrsseenes 10 3 Troubleshooting a Remote Node or ISP Connection ccccceeeeeeeeseeeeceeeeeeeeeteeeeeees 10 4 Troubleshooting
44. are version System Maintenance 9 9 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router To update the RAS software 1 Select Menu 24 System Maintenance 2 Enter 7 to select Software Update 3 Enter 1 to select Load RAS code A message is displayed showing further instructions and asking if you want to continue 4 Press y and wait for the Debug Mode command prompt 5 Enter the command atur and wait After about 30 seconds the router displays the Starting XMODEM upload message 6 Transfer the new software file to the router using the XMODEM Protocol of your serial communications software 7 Enter the command atgo to restart the router when the router displays the OK message Note NETGEAR recommends that you change the Manager port baud rate to 38400 before updating the software Doing so results in an update time of 5 to 10 minutes Command Interpreter Mode Select option 8 from Menu 24 Maintenance to enter the command interpreter mode This mode allows you to diagnose test and configure your router using a script or specified set of commands A list of valid commands can be found by typing help at the command prompt For more detailed information check the NETGEAR Web site at http netgear baynetworks com Call Control The Model RM356 Modem Router provides call control management functions for the remote node and remote dial in user These functions are budget management blacklis
45. be available PAP and CHAP Authentication For connecting to other routers the Model RM356 router supports two authentication protocols Password Authentication Protocol PAP and Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol CHAP PAP sends the user name and password in plain text CHAP scrambles the password before it is sent over the wire Although CHAP provides better security PAP is readily available on more platforms Callback For security and simplified cost accounting the router implements Callback When a remote user dials in the router can disconnect the call and call the user back so that any further call charges are incurred by the location of the router The caller can provide the callback numbers or for security the router can be programmed to call back a predetermined number Management Support The router is designed to be installed and made operational within minutes after connection to the network If you are a PC user the FirstGear software lets you easily configure the unit from the Windows environment If you are a Macintosh UNIX or PC user you can connect to the built in Manager interface which can be accessed through a terminal connected to the Manager port or through a Telnet session across the network The built in Manager interface manages and configures the unit through an easily understood screen process 1 4 Introduction Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Basic Router Conce
46. count NTIS apanan mids e ciaaseanea 2 3 Nonok CMGOKIST sateiniscssrceudqnamersadacomegnainasnanniaagatateeandeniendainaeerdndueaanesbiagseneelanieneres 2 4 CONIC Mo ROVIO sassisk a ia 2 5 Connecting the Serial Cable Optional ccccisccoetisnnosteiaatsessteadsasenaaticeanadinnoonsnnnnsn 2 7 Cone cind te Ime ENE FPO urapa 2 7 Gonnecting to the Hup POTIS essiri i a a 2 8 Connecting a Telephone Fax OF MOdEm wsdissciccsccemicastceoncenaseasiaresranconitessresoeracacceem 2 8 Connecting the Power Adaplal lt cissscccisistecssuiaaseesuituasaeenntisudaeattatudesnnniidesenintuadeaates 2 8 Connecting for Configuration E E ANE E TEA E A A 2 9 Connecting Through the Serial Port sade E E E E dad I A AT 2 9 Connecting Through a Telnet Connection eccceeceeeceeececeeeeeeeeceeeeeaeeeceeeeaeesneeeeaes 2 9 Chapter 3 Router Configuration Eog eden ena e E a E A TAEA EA E E E OE A A A N 3 1 FS TING on We ROUT ponnani na moadaduneasiaaereeinaaeodedaieeeeinaames 3 2 Navigatmg the Managot saninin rna 3 3 Manager Men SOMMA waniukss itn datuislecmcebusd a a aaa a a 3 5 General SWP MENU inniinn nne REAA AA A ARR a 3 6 MODEN MENUS crani E 3 7 MODEN SOUP MONU Arsise kiaii AEE aaa 3 7 Advanced MODEM Setup Menu seeccissercactssaitvateiineetaadsaietaaciudwteassiiai iania i 3 8 vi Contents Beier WAS teecetnaie terre cs atvctteeesendzetpea A RAAG 3 9 Conor SOG MONU osaa E 3 9 DHCP and TOF IP SOW oerni enn siarndeunemmeessntaomeninces 3 1
47. cters This name must be unique from any other remote node name or remote dial in user name Active Press the space bar to toggle between Yes and No When a remote node is deactivated it has no effect on the operation of the router even though it is still kept in the database and can be activated in the future Deactivated nodes are displayed with a minus sign preceding the name in Menu 11 Call Direction If this parameter is set to Both the router can place and receive calls to and from this remote node If set to Incoming the router does not place a call to this remote node If set to Outgoing the router will drop any call from this remote node Several other fields in this menu depend on this parameter For example in order to enable Call Back the Call Direction must be Both Incoming Rem Login Enter the login name that this remote node will use when it calls into the router Name Rem Password Rem CLID Call Back Enter the password used when this remote node calls into the router This field is active only if Call Direction is either Both or Incoming Otherwise N A appears in the field This is the Calling Line ID the telephone number of the calling party of this remote node If you enable the CLID Authen field in Menu 13 Default Dial In the router checks this number against the CLID in the incoming call If they do not match and the CLID Authen option is enabled the router rejects the call This field is val
48. data compression with the equipment of the dial in user Mutual Authen Some vendors for example Cisco Systems implement a type of mutual authentication That is the node that initiates the call requests a user name and password from the far end that it is dialing to If the remote node that is dialing in implements this type of authentication set this field to Yes Choose one of the following for setting PAP e PAP Login This field is enabled only if the Mutual Authen field is set to Yes Enter the login name to be used to respond to the PAP authentication request of the far end This field does not apply to CHAP authentication e PAP Password This field is enabled only if the Mutual Authen field is set to Yes Enter the PAP password to be used to respond to the authentication request of the far end This field does not apply to CHAP authentication Callback Budget Management Allocated Budget min This field sets a budget callback time for all the remote dial in users The default for this field is 0 for no budget control Period hr This field sets the time interval to reset the above callback budget control 6 2 Dial In Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 6 1 Fields in Menu 13 Default Dial in Setup continued Field Description IP Address Supplied By Dial in User If this field is set to Yes the router allows a remote host to specify its own IP address
49. dle Timeout This value is the number of idle seconds that elapse before the dial in user is automatically disconnected Idle timeout is the period of time when there is no data traffic between the dial in user or remote node and the router This field is used only if the Recv Authen is set to None and the call is not mapped to any remote node or remote dial in user or the router calls back to the remote dial in user Dial In User Setup To add a remote dial in user enter 14 from the main menu to display Dial in User Setup To edit user parameters select one of the eight users to go to the Edit Dial in User menu Dial In Configuration 6 3 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router When you have completed filling in Menu 14 1 Edit Dial in User press Enter at the Press ENTER to Confirm prompt to save your selections You can press Esc at any time to cancel your selections Table 6 2 lists and describes the fields in the Edit Dial in User menu Table 6 2 Fields in Menu 14 1 Edit Dial in User Field Description User Name This field is required and used as the login name for authentication Choose a descriptive word for login for example johndoe Active You can disallow dial in access to this user by setting this field to Inactive When set to Inactive the user record is still kept in the database for later activation Password Enter the password in this field for the remote d
50. e LAN Refer to the next section Troubleshooting a Remote Node or ISP Connection To cancel the pings type Ctrl C while holding down the Ctrl key press the letter c Troubleshooting 10 3 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Troubleshooting a Remote Node or ISP Connection To troubleshoot a remote node or an ISP connection follow these instructions Place a manual call to the remote node using Menu 24 4 5 The progress of the call is displayed on the screen If the call does not connect verify the following parameters in Menu 11 Pri mary Phone Sec ondary Phone Verify your IP address in Menu 3 2 and verify the following parameters in Menu 11 My Login My Password Rem IP Addr If the call is connected but quickly terminated it indicates the possibility of a protocol negotiation problem Check the error log in Menu 24 3 1 which usually provides some indication of why the call was dropped If there is nothing in the log the call may have been dropped by the remote device Verify that the configuration parameters between these two devices are consistent If you are still unable to determine the problem refer to Using the Packet and Log Trace on page 10 7 Troubleshooting a Remote User Connection To troubleshoot a remote user connection 1 Verify that you configured the authentication parameters in Menu 13 These parameters are CLID Authen
51. e on the LAN to another you must convert the IP address of the destination device to its media access control MAC address Each device on an Ethernet network has a unique Ethernet MAC address which is a 48 bit number assigned to each device by the manufacturer The technique that associates the IP address with a MAC address is known as address resolution and IP uses the Address Resolution Protocol ARP to do this If a device needs to send data to another station on the network and it does not already have the destination MAC address recorded ARP is used An ARP request is broadcast onto the network and all stations receive and read the request The destination IP address for the chosen station is included as part of the message so that only the station with this IP address responds to the ARP request and all other nodes discard it The node with the right IP address responds with its own MAC address directly to the sender providing the transmitting station with the destination MAC address needed for it to send the data The IP address data and MAC address data for each node are held in an ARP table so that the next time data needs to be sent the address can be obtained from the address information in the table Domain Name Server Many of the resources on the Internet can be addressed by simple descriptive names such as www baynetworks com This addressing is very helpful at the application level but the descriptive name must be translated
52. e router calls the secondary phone number if available In addition to numbers these fields accept pound sign star and comma Use a comma to insert a pause for example to wait for a second dial tone 5 Enter your login name in the My Login Name field Enter the login name given to you by your ISP 4 2 Configuration for Internet Access Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router 6 Enter your password in the My Password field Enter the password associated with the login name from your ISP 7 Enter single user account information in the Single User Account field Refer to Single IP Address Operation Using NAT on page 1 12 and Configuration for Single User Account on the next page for more information about the Single User Account field The default is No 8 If you must use a script to log in to your account use the space bar to toggle the Edit Script Options field to Yes and press Enter Refer to Editing Script Options on page 5 5 for more information 9 Press Enter at the Press ENTER to Confirm prompt to confirm your selections You can also press Esc at any time to cancel your selections The Manager asks if you want to test the Internet connection If you select Yes the router calls the ISP to test the Internet connection If the test fails note the error message that you receive and take the appropriate troubleshooting steps Configuration for Single User Account
53. e source IP address CO 44 87 22 of the packet or the source MAC address 00 40 95 90 04 B9 of the packet s LAN Packet Which Triggered Last call Type IP 45 00 00 3C 02 12 00 00 38 01 36 49 00 00 00 00 CO 44 87 22 08 00 62 2B 20 04 00 00 00 08 A9 DO CO 44 87 22 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 OA OB LAN Packet Which Triggered Last Call Type Raw FF FF 00 22 00 11 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF FF FF 04 52 00 00 00 00 00 40 95 90 04 B9 40 08 00 03 02 78 01 A5 A5 A5 A5 A5 A5 A5 A5 Figure 9 1 Packet Examples Terminal Baud Rate You can change the baud rate of the serial Manager connection through Menu 24 2 Terminal Baud Rate The router supports 9600 default 19200 38400 and 115200 bits per second bps for the RS 232 connection To change the rate toggle the selection using the space bar When the desired rate is shown press Enter You are given the opportunity to change the baud rate of your terminal before continuing Log and Trace Log and trace tools allow the user to view the error logs and trace records in order to troubleshoot any errors that may occur The router can also generate system logs syslogs to send to other machines Enter 24 to display Menu 24 System Maintenance Enter 3 to select the Log and Trace option and to display Menu 24 3 System Maintenance Log and Trace System Maintenance 9 3 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 9 3 lists the fields and comm
54. efault for the total budget is 0 minutes and the total period is 0 hours These values disable budget control You can reset the total outgoing call time through the Call Control menu The total outgoing call timer can be programmed to reset itself periodically through menus 11 and 13 Call History The call history function displays statistics of data calls to or from up to the first 10 phone numbers seen The following statistics are shown e Phone number e Direction incoming or outgoing e Number of calls e Call time maximum minimum and total This information is erased when the router is reset System Maintenance 9 11 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your Model RM356 Modem Router After each problem description instructions are provided to help you diagnose and solve the problem Basic Functioning When you turn on power to the router the PWR LED lights If the PWR LED does not light refer to the next section LEDS After the PWR LED lights the router performs a self test for 15 seconds After this self test the Test LED should begin to blink at a rate of about 0 5 Hz After initialization is complete the Test LED will turn off If an Ethernet connection is made to any LAN port the LAN LED for that port number should be on If the LAN LED is off refer to LAN Link LED on page 10 1 LEDS If all LEDs are off when your router is turned on make su
55. elections 5 Continue to the end of Menu 11 1 and press Enter to save the selections you made in Menu 11 2 Table 5 2 lists and describes each field in Menu 11 2 Remote Node PPP Options Table 5 2 Fields in Menu 11 2 Remote Node PPP Options Field Description Encapsulation Select CCP Compression Control Protocol for the PPP or MP link Two options are available in this field e Standard PPP Standard PPP options are used default e CISCO PPP Cisco Systems PPP options are used Compression Allows the negotiation of data compression with the remote node router 5 4 Remote Node Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Editing Script Options Some ISPs require login script handshaking during a call connection The Model RM356 Modem Router provides six sets of programming scripts for this purpose Each set of scripts is composed of an Expect string and a Send string After capturing and verifying the string in the Expect field the router will send out the string in the Send field If both the Expect and Send fields are empty the router will terminate script handshaking The Script Options display is shown in Table 5 3 Table 5 3 Script Options Display Field Description Option Active Press the space bar to toggle between Yes and No Press space bar When a Remote Node Script is deactivated it has no effect on the to toggle operation of you
56. ent and session connection with remote hosts Both tests cause a call to be placed to a remote node and display the progress of the connection Manual Call command 5 prompts the user to specify the desired remote node by its profile number in Menu 11 Internet Setup Test command 11 automatically calls the remote node that has been specified as an ISP Enter 11 to select the Internet Setup Test or enter 5 to select another remote node This test checks to see if your Internet access or remote node configuration has been done correctly The router dials the node performs authentication and establishes a connection If everything is working properly you receive an appropriate response If you receive an error message note the error message and consult your network administrator Figure 9 2 illustrates an example of a trace display for a successful call when using a TCP IP protocol connection A Start dialing for node lt 1 gt Hit any key to continue Dialing chan lt 2 gt phone last 9 digit 40101 Call CONNECT speed lt 64000 gt chan lt 2 gt prot lt 1 gt LCP up CHAP send response CHAP login to remote OK IPCP negotiation started IPCP up A Figure 9 2 Trace Display for a Successful TCP IP Protocol Connection System Maintenance 9 7 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Figure 9 3 shows an example of a trace display for a failed call when using a TCP IP protocol connection diali
57. er Configuration 8 13 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Applying the Filter When the filter design is finished you must tell the router where to apply the filter Apply it as a Call Filter in the remote node that reaches your DNS server s usually your ISP node Go to Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile and enter the number of the filter under Call Filter Sets as shown in Figure 8 6 If you have multiple filters you can cascade up to four by entering their numbers separated by commas Figure 8 6 shows the Remote Node Profile Menu C Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile N Rem Node Name MyISP Edit PPP Options No Active Yes Rem IP Addr 0 0 0 0 Call Direction Outgoing Edit IP No Incoming Telco Option Rem Login Transfer Type 64K Rem Password x Allocated Budget min 0 Rem CLID N A Period hr 0 Call Back N A Outgoing Session Options My Login netgear Input Filter Sets My Password x x Output Filter Sets Authen CHAP PAP Call Filter Sets 1 lt lt APPLY Pri Phone 18005551212 Idle Timeout sec 300 Sec Phone C Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel wf Figure 8 6 Remote Node Profile Menu When you finish restart the router 8 14 Filter Configuration Chapter 9 System Maintenance The Model RM356 Modem Router provides diagnostic tools for maintenance These diagnostic tools include displays of system status modem status log and trace capabilities
58. er if available In addition to numbers these fields accept pound sign star and comma where necessary Edit PPP Options To edit the PPP options for this remote node move the cursor to this field use the space bar to select Yes and press Enter to display Menu 11 2 Remote Node PPP Options For more information about configuring PPP options see Editing PPP Options on page 5 4 Rem IP Addr This field is required on all remote nodes except the ISP node Enter the IP address of the router at the remote site A static route will be created to the network address of that router Note that if the remote network uses a netmask other than the standard class netmask you must enter the netmask in the Edit IP Options submenu Edit IP Options This field edits the parameters of the TCP IP protocol Select Yes and press Enter to display Menu 11 3 Remote Node Network Layer Options For more information about this screen refer to Chapter 7 TCP IP Configuration Edit Script Options If the remote node requires a login script handshake use the space bar to select Yes and press Enter to display Menu 11 4 Remote Node Script For more information about editing scripts see Editing Script Options on page 5 5 Telco Options Allocated Budget min Period hr This field sets a budget on outgoing call time for the remote node The default for this field is 0 for no budget control Th
59. eted After authentication is completed if it matches a remote node the router uses parameters from that particular remote node From the Main Menu enter 13 to display Menu 13 Default Dial in Setup When you finish filling in Menu 13 Default Dial in Setup press Enter at the ENTER to Confirm prompt to save your selections You can press Esc at any time to cancel your selections Dial In Configuration 6 1 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 6 1 lists and describes the fields in the Default Dial in Setup menu and explains how to configure the protocol independent fields in this menu Table 6 1 Fields in Menu 13 Default Dial in Setup Field Description Telco Options CLID Authen This field sets the CLID authentication parameter for all incoming calls The three options for this field are e None No CLID is required default e Required You must provide the CLID or the call is disconnected e Preferred lf the CLID is available it is used to do authentication If the CLID is not available the call continues PPP Options Recv Authen This field sets the authentication protocol used for incoming calls The four options for this field are e CHAP PAP The router tries CHAP first but PAP is used if CHAP is not available default CHAP Use CHAP only e PAP Use PAP only e None No authentication is required Compression This field allows the negotiation of
60. ets received from the LAN Sets Input or sent to the LAN Output Router Configuration 3 9 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router DHCP and TCP IP Setup The router has the capability to act as a DHCP server allowing it to assign IP DNS and Default Gateway addresses to attached PCs or workstations The assigned Default Gateway address is the LAN address of the router as set in the TCP IP section Each pool address is tested before it is assigned to avoid duplicate addresses on the LAN If you are setting up your network for the first time read about IP addresses starting with IP_ Addresses and the Internet on page 1 6 and IP Configuration by DHCP on page 1 14 for an explanation of DHCP and information about how to assign IP addresses for your network Table 3 6 lists and describes the fields to use for setting up TCP IP parameters When you finish entering information in all of the fields press Enter at the prompt Press ENTER to Confirm Your selections are saved Press Esc at any time to cancel the entries you have made Table 3 6 Menu 3 Ethernet Setup Menu Fields Field Description DHCP Setup DHCP If set to Server the router acts as a DHCP server Client IP Pool Starting This field is the beginning of the range of addresses to assign Address Size of Client IP Pool This field is the number of sequential addresses available for assignment to attached hosts The maximum is 32
61. etwork management concepts and terminology e Working knowledge of tools and procedures for installing and operating sensitive electronic equipment Preface XV Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Conventions This section describes the conventions used in this guide Special Message Formats This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages Note This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest Caution This format is used to highlight information that will help you prevent equipment failure or loss of data AN Warning This format is used to highlight information about the possibility of injury or equipment damage AN Danger This format is used to alert you that you may incur an electrical shock by mishandling equipment Use of Enter Type and Press 99 66 This guide uses enter type and press to describe the following actions e When you read enter type the text and press the Enter key e When you read type type the text but do not press the Enter key e When you read press press only the alphanumeric or named key xvi Preface Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Other Conventions This guide uses the following typographical conventions italics Book titles and UNIX file command and directory names courier font Screen text user typed command
62. for the remote node and remote dial in users 14 Dial in User Setup This menu is accessed to set up remote dial in users The router supports eight remote dial in user profiles 21 Filter Set Configuration This menu is accessed to set up filters to be used in Menu 3 and Menu 11 to provide such features as security and call control 23 System Password This menu is accessed to change the Manager access password 24 System Maintenance This menu is accessed to provide system status diagnostics and firmware upload 99 Exit This menu is accessed to exit from the Manager Router Configuration 3 5 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router General Setup Menu The General Setup Menu contains administrative and system related information To enter administrative and system related information 1 Enter 1 from the Main Menu to display Menu 1 General Setup as illustrated in Figure 3 3 ks Menu L General Setup Oystan Hama 7 ssh ho Tao Person s Bae Route IF Ye u c Press ERTER to Confirm 2E BBC to anaal f Figure 3 3 Menu 1 General Setup 2 Enter the system name in the System Name field of the menu For identification purposes choose a descriptive name for the router such as RM356 or NewYork The name should be no more than 8 alphanumeric characters Spaces are not allowed but dashes and underscores _ are accepted The name can be used for CHAP aut
63. from the LAN and these addresses must have the same network number If this situation known as numbered links applies to your network enter the IP address in this field that is assigned to the WAN port of your router This is the address assigned to the local router not the remote router Single User Account If this field is set to Yes the router performs NAT IP Address Masquerading to this node See Single IP Address Operation Using NAT on page 1 12 for information about the Single User Account feature The default is No Single User Account If you have selected Single User Account and want to make your local server Server IP Addr accessible to outside users enter the IP address of that server here Incoming packets with destination port numbers not handled by the router will be forwarded to this server address Metric The Metric field represents the cost of transmission for routing purposes IP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks Enter a number in this field that approximates the cost for this link The number need not be precise but it must be between 1 and 16 In practice 2 or 3 is usually a good number Private This field determines if the router includes the route to this remote node in its RIP broadcasts If set to Yes this route is kept private and not included in any RIP broadcast If set to No the route to this remote node is propagated to
64. g Information Protocol RIP For further information about TCP IP refer to Basic Router Concepts on page 1 5 IP Address Masquerading by Dynamic NAT The router allows an entire department of networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your ISP This technique an extension of network address translation NAT is known as IP address masquerading and typically allows the use of a very inexpensive ISP account Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP The router can dynamically assign network configuration information including IP gateway and domain name server DNS addresses to attached PCs on the LAN using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP This feature greatly simplifies configuration of LAN attached workstations Introduction 1 3 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Security The Model RM356 Modem Router is equipped with several features designed to maintain security These security features are described in this section Calling Line Identification The use of Calling Line Identification CLID or Caller ID ensures that incoming calling numbers are checked against known numbers before a call is answered and access is granted thus providing a first level of security In many areas you must specifically request that CLID be enabled by the telephone company for your line In some regions CLID may not
65. g the adapter into a wall outlet 2 8 Router Installation and Connection Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Connecting for Configuration If you are a PC user you can configure the router through either the FirstGear ISDN Router Configuration Utility which is an easy to use software program or the menu based built in Manager interface For complete instructions on using FirstGear refer to Getting Started Using FirstGear for the Model RM356 Modem Router If you are using a Macintosh or UNIX based workstation you can configure the router only by using the built in Manager interface You can access the built in Manager interface through either a serial port or Telnet on the LAN In order to use Telnet you must know the current IP address of the router For more information about using the built in Manager interface refer to Chapter 3 Router Configuration Connecting Through the Serial Port You can access the built in interface through the RJ 45 serial Manager port by using a VT100 terminal or by using a terminal emulation program on your PC or workstation If you are using Windows for example Microsoft provides HyperTerminal with Windows 95 Be sure to set the program for VT100 emulation including arrow keys Serial port parameters are as follows e 9600 bps e 8 data bits e 1 stop bit e No parity e No flow control After the serial session is opened refer to Chapter 3 Router Config
66. gured on your PC or workstation Verify that the IP address for your router and your workstation are correct and that the addresses are on the same subnet Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device After verifying that the LAN path works correctly test the path from your PC to a remote device From the Windows Run menu type PING t followed by the IP address of the remote device you are calling If the path is functioning correctly the OH offhook LED on the router should turn on indicating that a call is being placed If the OH LED does not turn on follow these instructions e Check that your PC has the IP address of your router listed as the default gateway If the IP configuration of your PC is assigned by DHCP this information will not be visible in the control panel network utility Go to the Run window and run winipcfg exe for Windows NT run ipconfig exe The IP address of the router should appear as the Default Gateway e Check to see that the network address of your PC the portion of the IP address specified by the netmask is different from the network address of the remote device e Check Menu 12 and verify that at least one static route exists As the call is being set up your PC should display timeouts followed eventually by replies If no replies are seen after one minute the path is not functioning correctly This response indicates that the router is unable to establish a PPP connection with the remot
67. h installing and configuring your NETGEAR system or with post installation questions or problems contact your point of purchase representative To contact customer support or to purchase additional copies of this document and publications for other NETGEAR products you can contact NETGEAR at the following numbers Phone Australia 1800 142 046 France 0800 90 2078 Germany 0130 817305 Japan 0120 66 5402 Korea 00308 11 0319 New Zealand 0800 444 626 Sweden 020 790086 United Kingdom 44 171 571 5120 U S Canada 800 211 2069 Fax U S Canada 510 498 2609 World Wide Web NETGEAR maintains a World Wide Web Home Page that you can access at the universal resource locator URL http NETGEAR baynetworks com A direct connection to the Internet and a Web browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape are required Contents Preface FOOSE oe E EEEE E O E XV MICA ARNG a A EE E E E poesia A EEN aan gue A S A XV RUA MUI seis csce sai E E N E A E E A E E xvi Special Message FORMATS aeiiao aa aae aa it aa aaa xvi Use of Enter Type and Pross cciiciccscaervrecstnacnicecsntentesaactienboddsinnecdaciniwe iaiia Oher ConwvenmionS wsksssonanisrai an oes xvii Related PUDICAUORE aseinaan nA na N Aana nA AAAA aaaea xvii Chapter 1 Introduction POU ANS ROMET aoaiina a AA NOA 1 1 a EON PE AE N N E vem eed E E P wired WS eS USS 5 saeeecernanasentlijauaneninsuansert nuesennades AAnyae Heel duRNeR NERA 1 2 WT UID TEE P A T E A A E TNA
68. h or workstation after the configuration process is complete The built in Manager interface is accessible through either a serial or a Telnet connection refer to Connecting Through the Serial Port or Connecting Through a Telnet Connection on page 2 9 of Chapter 2 Router Installation and Connection If the router has not previously been assigned an IP address you cannot connect through a Telnet session You must use a serial connection Router Configuration 3 1 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Powering on the Router When you turn power on to the router several internal tests are performed by the router After the initialization the start up display appears as illustrated in Figure 3 1 ethernet address 00 a0 c5 e0 23 cc Wan port init done Modem init inactive Press ENTER to continue Figure 3 1 Start up Display To continue 1 Press Enter when prompted A login screen is displayed and prompts you to enter a password 2 Enter the default password 1234 to reach the main menu of the Manager Once you are in the Manager and if there is no activity for longer than 5 minutes the router automatically logs you out and displays a blank screen If you see a blank screen press Enter to display the password screen again 3 2 Router Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Navigating the Manager The Manager is the interface that
69. hat is used to mask the bits of the IP Address given in Source IP Adar Port In this field enter the source port of the packets that you want to filter The range of this field is 0 to 65535 Port Comp In this field select the comparison quantifier you want to use to compare to the value given in Source Port There are five options for this field e None Default e Less e Greater e Equal e Not Equal Filter Configuration 8 5 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 8 4 TCP IP Filter Rule Menu Fields continued Field Description TCP Estab This field is dependent upon the IP Protocol field This field is inactive N A unless the value in that field is 6 TCP protocol In this field you determine what type of TCP packets to filter Two options are available for this field e Yes Filter match only established TCP connections e No Filter match both initial and established TCP connections default More In this field you can determine if you want to pass the packet through the next filter rule before an action is taken Two options are available for this field e Yes e No default If More is Yes then Action Matched and Action Not Matched is N A Log In this field you can determine if you want to log the results of packets attempting to pass the filter rule These results are displayed on the System Log see View Error Log on page 9 4 Seven options are available for th
70. hentication and is displayed as the prompt in the Command Mode 3 6 Router Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router MODEM Menus Menu 2 is for configuring the internal 56K modem Advanced MODEM setup is provided by a submenu Menu 2 1 MODEM Setup Menu Use the commands and menus described in Table 3 1 and Table 3 2 to display the MODEM Setup menu Table 3 3 lists and describes each field in the menu and how to enter the information in each field Table 3 3 MODEM Setup Menu Parameters Field Description Example Modem Name Enter a descriptive name for the internal modem ModemA Active Set this field to Yes to activate the modem port The router will initialize Press the internal modem Deactivating a modem port has no effect on the space bar to operation of the router but the profile of the modem port will remain in toggle the database and can be activated in the future Yes No Direction This field determines whether the router is allowed to place calls accept Outgoing calls or both Use the space bar to select Outgoing Incoming or Both default Phone Number Enter the telephone number assigned to your modem line by your 5551212 telephone company Note that the router accepts only digits do not example include dashes and spaces in this field Advanced To edit the Advanced Setup for the internal modem move the cursor to Yes No Setup this field use the space bar to
71. his range 224 0 0 0 to 239 255 255 255 Introduction 1 7 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Class E addresses are for experimental use This addressing structure allows IP to uniquely identify each physical network and each node on each physical network For each unique value of the network portion of the address the base address of the range host address of all zeros is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host Also the top address of the range host address of all ones is not assigned but is used as the broadcast address for sending a packet simultaneously to all hosts with the same network address Netmask In each of the above address classes the size of the two parts network address and host address is implied by the class This partitioning scheme can also be expressed by a netmask associated with the IP address A netmask is a 32 bit quantity that when logically ANDed with an IP address yields the network address For instance the netmasks for Class A B and C addresses are 255 0 0 0 255 255 0 0 and 255 255 255 0 respectively For example the address 192 168 170 237 is a Class C IP address whose network portion is the upper 24 bits When ANDed with the Class C netmask as shown here only the network portion of the address remains 11000000 10101000 10101010 11101101 192 168 170 237 ANDed with 11111111 11111111 211111111 00000000 255 255 255 0 Equals
72. ial in user Callback This field determines whether the router allows callbacks to the user upon dial in Three modes are provided e No default The router does not call back to the dial in user e Optional The router will call back if the dial in user requests it e Mandatory The router will always disconnect and call back to the dial in user If callback is enabled the router disconnects the initial call and dials back to the specified callback number or to a number specified by the user depending on which option is set below Phone Phone Supplied If this field is set to Yes the Remote Dial in User must specify the callback by Caller telephone number on a call by call basis which is useful when the router Callback Phone returns a call back to a mobile user at different numbers The default is No the router always calls back to a fixed callback number If Callback is No N A appears in the field If the previous field Phone Supplied by Caller is No this field is required Otherwise N A appears in the field Enter the telephone number that the router should call back Rem CLID If you have enabled the CLID Authen field in Menu 13 you must specify the telephone number from which this remote dial in user calls The router checks this number against the CLID in the incoming call If they do not match and the CLID Authen is enabled the router rejects the call Idle Time out Enter the idle time
73. id only if Call Direction is Both Otherwise N A appears in the field This field determines whether or not you want the router to call back after receiving a call from this remote node If this option is enabled the router disconnects the initial call from this node and calls the node back at the Outgoing Primary Phone Number Outgoing My Login Name My Password Authen This field is required if Call Direction is either Both or Out Enter the login name your router uses when it calls this remote node This field is required if Call Direction is either Both or Out Enter the password your router uses when it calls this remote node This field sets the authentication protocol used for outgoing calls Options for this field are CHAP PAP Router will try CHAP when CHAP is requested by the remote node or PAP when PAP is requested by the remote node Default e PAP Use PAP only CHAP Use CHAP only 5 2 Remote Node Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 5 1 Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile Fields continued Field Description Pri mary Phone Both the Primary and Secondary Phone numbers refer to the number that the Number and router dials to connect to the remote node The router calls the remote node using Sec ondary the Primary Phone number first If the Primary Phone number is busy or does not Phone Number answer the router calls the Secondary Phone numb
74. ifferent types of syslog messages e Call information messages CDR e Error information messages e Session information messages Examples of these messages are as follows e Call Information Messages line 1 channel 1 call 41 C01 Incoming Call 40001 line 1 channel 1 call 41 C01 Incoming Call Call Terminated e Error Information Messages line 1 channel 1 call 44 E01 CLID call refuse line 1 channel 1 call 45 E02 IP address mismatch e Session Information Messages line 1 channel 1 call 41 101 IPCP up 306L line 1 channel 1 call 41 I01 IPCP down 306L System Maintenance 9 5 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Diagnostic Menu The diagnostic menu allows you to test several functions of your router From the Main Menu enter 24 to display Menu 24 System Maintenance Enter 4 to display Menu 24 4 System Maintenance Diagnostic The diagnostic tools described in this section allow the user to perform the following functions e Test the ISP connection e Communicate directly with the MODEM port e Test the TCP IP configuration e Reboot the system e Change the interface mode to command line mode The diagnostic test options from Menu 24 4 System Maintenance Diagnostics are listed in Table 9 5 Table 9 5 System Maintenance Diagnostic Menu Fields Field Command Description MODEM Drop MODEM 1 Enter This command hangs up the cur
75. ilter Rules Summary Table 8 1 Abbreviations Used in Menu 21 1 Filter Rules Summary Abbreviation Description Refers to the filter rule number 1 6 A Refers to Active Y means the filter rule is active and N means the filter rule is inactive Type Refers to the type of filter rule and can display GEN for generic or IP for TCP IP Filter Rules The filter rule parameters are displayed here M Refers to More Y means there are more rules to check N means there are no rules to check m Refers to Action Matched F means to forward the packet D means to drop the packet and N means to check the next rule n Refers to Action Not Matched F means to forward the packet D means to drop the packet and N means to check the next rule For more information about filter rules refer to Configuring a Filter Rule on page 8 4 If the filter type is IP TCP IP the abbreviations listed in Table 8 2 are used Table 8 2 Abbreviations Used if Filter Type Is IP Abbreviation Description Pr Protocol SA Source address SP Source port number DA Destination address DP Destination port number Filter Configuration 8 3 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router If the filter type is GEN generic the abbreviations listed in Table 8 3 are used Table 8 3 Abbreviations Used if Filter Type ls GEN Abbreviation Description Off Offset Len Length
76. infrastructure may limit your actual data rate For example FCC rules limit the data rate to 53 Kbps in the United States The use of repeaters between your premises and the central office will limit your performance to 33 Kbps If your data rate is substantially less than 50 Kbps you may want to consult your telephone company regarding the quality of your line e Calling Line Identification CLID If you require CLID for security you must order CLID for your line from your local carrier ISP Checklist If you will be contracting with an Internet service provider ISP for Internet access you must choose between a single user account and a multiuser LAN account You can connect a multiuser network through a single user account by using the Network Address Translator NAT feature of your router 2 2 Router Installation and Connection Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Single User Account In a single user account you are assigned only one registered Internet Protocol IP address This address may be a permanent fixed address or it may be a different address assigned dynamically each time you log in to the account The NAT feature of your router will map the IP addresses assigned to your network to this address for accessing the Internet Some applications may be incompatible with NAT LAN Account In a LAN account you will be assigned a registered IP address for your router and for each PC or work
77. ions e Industry standard compression Hi fn Stac LZS compression with CCP e Easy installation and management FirstGear graphical user interface GUI management software for Windows users Built in Manager interface for Macintosh UNIX and PC users accessible by terminal or Telnet Protocol Configurable through the LAN no serial connection required e Security Password access control on management functions Dial in access control by Calling Line Identification CLID and Callback PAP and CHAP authentication support e Four port twisted pair Ethernet hub Four RJ 45 interfaces for connection to 10BASE T workstations 1 2 Introduction Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router e Eleven LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity e Flash EPROM for firmware upgrade e Five year warranty e Free technical support seven days a week twenty four hours a day V 90 Support The Model RM356 router is designed to take advantage of the V 90 standard for transmission of data over analog telephone networks One advantage of using a dial up modem interface to connect routers is that the connection is set up only if data needs to be sent to the remote network The router sets up a call transfers the data then hangs up automatically when the connection is no longer needed TCP IP Support The Model RM356 router supports the Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol TCP IP and Routin
78. irst subnet And 192 68 135 128 is not assigned because it is the network address of the second subnet Table 1 1 lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted decimal notation To use the table write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted decimal value of the additional subnet bits For instance to partition your Class C network 204 247 203 0 with subnet mask 255 255 255 0 into 16 subnets 4 bits the new subnet mask becomes 255 255 255 240 Table 1 1 Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet Number of Bits Dotted Decimal Value 1 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255 N Oo A WwW PD 1 10 Introduction Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 1 2 displays several common netmask values in both the dotted decimal and the mask length formats Table 1 2 Netmask Formats Dotted Decimal Mask length 255 0 0 0 8 255 255 0 0 16 255 255 255 0 24 255 255 255 128 25 255 255 255 192 26 255 255 255 224 27 255 255 255 240 28 255 255 255 248 29 255 255 255 252 30 255 255 255 254 31 255 255 255 255 132 NETGEAR strongly advises that all hosts on a LAN segment use the same netmask for the following reasons e So that hosts recognize local IP broadcast packets When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors it uses a destination address of the local network address with all ones for the host address In order for this scheme t
79. is field e None No packets are logged default e Action Matched Only packets that match the rule parameters are logged e Action Not Matched Only packets that do not match the rule parameters are logged Both All packets are logged e Check Next Rule default e Forward e Drop Action Matched If the conditions for the filter rule are not met you can specify what to do with the Action Not packet Three options are available for this field Matched e Check Next Rule default Forward e Drop 8 6 Filter Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Generic Filter Rule This section provides information about configuring the protocol independent parameters for a generic filter rule for your router Table 8 5 lists the fields in the menu When you complete Menu 21 1 1 Generic Filter Rule press Enter at the Press ENTER to Confirm prompt to confirm your selections Press Esc at any time to cancel your selections The data entered is displayed on Menu 21 1 Filter Rules Summary Table 8 5 Generic Filter Rule Menu Fields Field Description Active In this field you can make the filter rule active Yes or inactive No Offset Offset refers to the value of the byte that you want to use as your starting offset That is in the data packet at what point do you want to begin the comparison The range for this field is from 0 to 255 Default 0 Length This field
80. is field sets the time interval to reset the above outgoing call budget control Session Options Output Filter Sets Call Filter Sets Idle Timeout sec In these fields select which filter set s you would like to implement to filter the incoming and outgoing traffic between this remote node and the router You can choose from 12 different filter sets In addition you can link up to 4 filter sets together for further customization for example 1 5 9 12 Spaces and commas are accepted in this field The default is blank no filters are defined Refer to Chapter 8 Filter Configuration for more information about configuring filters This value specifies the number of idle seconds elapsed before the remote node is automatically disconnected Idle seconds is the period of time where no data is passed between the remote node and your router Administrative packets such as RIP are not counted as data The default is 300 seconds 5 minutes Remote Node Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Editing PPP Options To edit PPP options 1 Select Yes in the Edit PPP Options field of Submenu 11 1 Remote Node Profile 2 Press Enter to display Menu 11 2 Remote Node PPP Options 3 Edit the options described in Table 5 2 4 Press Enter at the Press ENTER to Confirm prompt to confirm your selections and return to the previous menu Press Esc at any time to cancel your s
81. le When implementing these filter sets you can link up to four of the filter sets together to screen the data packet Therefore with each filter set having up to six rules you can have a maximum of 24 rules active for a single filtering application Configuring a Filter Set To configure a filter set select option 21 in the Main Menu This selection brings up Menu 21 Filter Set Configuration From this menu you can choose from among 12 filter sets Select the filter that you want to configure or choose an unused set to create a new filter In order to distinguish between the 12 filter sets each filter set should have a name or some comments When you select a set for editing you will be prompted to provide some descriptive text to be displayed in the comment field of Menu 21 next to the filter number When you have finished filling in the Edit Comments field press Enter at the Press ENTER to Confirm prompt to confirm your selections or press Esc at any time to cancel your selections The new information will now be displayed in the read only section of Menu 21 Filter Set Configuration 8 2 Filter Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router When you press Enter Menu 21 1 Filter Rules Summary is displayed The information in this menu is read only the parameters of each rule that you configured for that set are displayed Table 8 1 lists and describes the abbreviations used in Menu 21 1 F
82. line entries Initial Caps Menu titles and window and button names Enter Named keys in text are shown enclosed in square brackets The notation Enter is used for the Enter key and the Return key Ctrl C Two or more keys that must be pressed simultaneously are shown in text linked with a plus sign ALL CAPS DOS file and directory names Related Publications For more information about configuring the Model RM356 Modem Router using FirstGear configuration software refer to Getting Started Using FirstGear for the Model RM356 Modem Router part number M1 RM356NA 0 For more information about address assignment refer to RFC 1597 Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space which are published by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF For more information about IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT Preface xvii Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR Model RM356 Modem Router and discusses planning considerations for installation About the Router The Model RM356 Modem Router transports data from one local area network LAN to another through a wide area network WAN connection The router compares the network addresses of data packets sent through the LAN to the entries in its address tables If a match is found for a destination network the router passes the p
83. n unwanted call to be placed LAN Packet Which Triggered Last Call Type IP 45 00 00 3E 9E 05 00 00 1F 11 CC 9D 8D FB 17 12 CF 45 BC B9 00 89 00 35 00 2A 63 C8 01 85 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 OA 53 41 4E 54 41 43 4C Figure 8 2 LAN Packet Which Triggered Last Call Filter Configuration 8 9 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router You can wait until an erroneous call is placed then examine this packet header to determine the source and cause The IP packet header contains information such as the next level protocol type for example ICMP TCP UDP source and destination addresses and source and destination port numbers Analyzing this data reveals the cause of the call which provides the user with an approach to eliminating the calls For example the first line of the packet shows the following hex values converted to decimal e 45 00 00 3E 9E 05 00 00 1F 11 CC 9D 8D FB 17 12 CF 45 BC B9 00 89 00 35 Bold characters denote protocol 17 or 11h UDP e 45 00 00 3E 9E 05 00 00 1F 11 CC 9D 8D FB 17 12 CF 45 BC B9 00 89 00 35 Bold characters denote source IP 141 251 23 18 local PC e 45 00 00 3E 9E 05 00 00 1F 11 CC 9D 8D FB 17 12 CF 45 BC B9 00 89 00 35 Bold characters denote destination IP 207 69 188 185 DNS server e 45 00 00 3E 9E 05 00 00 1F 11 CC 9D 8D FB 17 12 CF 45 BC B9 00 89 00 35 Bold characters denote source port number 137 or 89h NetBIOS name service e 45 00 00 3E 9E 05 00 0
84. n jedoch gewissen Beschr nkungen unterliegen Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung Das Bundesamt fiir Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet da dieses Ger t auf den Markt gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt die Serie auf die Erf llung der Vorschriften hin zu berpr fen Certificate of the Manufacturer Importer It is hereby certified that the Model RM356 Modem Router has been suppressed in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT AmtsblVfg 243 1991 and Vfg 46 1992 The operation of some equipment for example test transmitters in accordance with the regulations may however be subject to certain restrictions Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations VCCI 2 Statement This equipment is in the 2nd Class category information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area thereto and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas When used near a radio or TV receiver it may become the cause of radio interference Read instructions for correct handling Customer Support For assistance wit
85. nced Modem Setup menu 3 8 B backup ISP accounts 4 4 blacklist 3 8 blacklist function 9 11 budget management 9 11 C cables connecting 2 7 call control 9 10 Call Control field Advanced Modem Setup menu 3 8 Index Index Call Direction field Remote Node Profile menu 5 2 call testing 9 7 Callback Budget Management field Default Dial in Setup 6 2 Callback field Edit Dial in User 6 4 callback function 1 4 calling line identification 1 4 cessary 8 9 CHAP authentication 1 4 5 2 6 2 checklists 2 2 Collisions field System Status Maintenance menu 9 2 command interpreter mode 9 10 command line mode 9 6 compression 1 2 Compression field Remote Node PPP Options menu 5 4 configuration automatic by DHCP 1 3 backup 9 9 restoring 9 9 connecting cables 2 7 devices 2 8 power 3 2 router 2 5 serial port 2 9 through Telnet session 2 9 conventions xvi customer support iii D default configuration restoring 10 6 Default Dial in Setup menu 6 1 Destination field TCP IP Filter Rule menu 8 5 Destination IP Address field Edit IP Static Route menu 7 5 devices connecting 2 8 DHCP 1 3 1 14 3 10 DHCP Setup field Ethernet Setup menu 3 10 Diagnostic menu 9 6 Dial in User Setup menu 6 4 dial in users 6 1 Direction field Modem Setup menu 3 7 domain name server using 1 13 Drop Modem field System Maintenance Diagnostic menu 9 6 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol See DHCP
86. net service provider ISP using Menu 4 Internet Access Setup When you complete this menu the router will automatically add a Remote Node for your ISP in Menu 11 using typical ISP configuration parameters in addition to those you have specified in Menu 4 The router will also create a default static route for the ISP in Menu 12 After completing Menu 4 you may go to Menus 11 and 12 and make modifications to any of the parameters However if you return to Menu 4 make changes and then save them the ISP related entries in Menus 11 and 12 will once again be programmed to typical ISP configuration parameters possibly reversing any changes you have made to those menus To configure your router for Internet access 1 Enter 4 from the Main Menu to display Menu 4 Internet Access Setup 2 Enter the name of your ISP in the ISPs Name field for example MyISP This information is for identification purposes only 3 Enter the IP Address of the remote router at the point of presence POP of the ISP in the ISP Gateway IP Addr field optional If you do not have this data you can leave it blank 4 Enter a primary phone number and a secondary phone number in the Pri mary Phone and Sec ondary Phone fields Both the primary and the secondary phone number refer to the number that the router dials to connect to the ISP The router calls your ISP using the primary phone number first If the primary phone number is busy or does not answer th
87. ng for node lt 1 gt A Hit any key to continue Dialing chan lt 2 gt phone last 9 digit 40101 Call CONNECT speed lt 64000 gt chan lt 2 gt prot lt 1 gt LCP up CHAP send response Login to remote failed Check name passwd Receive Terminate REQ LCP down Line Down chan lt 2 gt S A Figure 9 3 Trace Display for a Failed TCP IP Protocol Connection Another useful diagnostic tool for TCP IP testing is Ping Host which causes a packet to be sent to a specified host requesting an echo packet Enter 12 to select Ping Host This diagnostic test pings a local or remote host You are prompted for the IP address of the host System Tools Enter 21 to select Reboot System Your system is rebooted implementing any changes that may have been recently added to your system Enter 22 to select Command Interpreter Mode This option changes the Manager interface on your router from the screen based mode to a command line mode The command line mode allows you to configure diagnose and test your router using a specified set of commands This mode is capable of executing user defined scripts sent from the terminal For more information refer to Command Interpreter Mode on page 9 10 9 8 System Maintenance Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Back Up Configuration Select option 5 from Menu 24 Maintenance to back up the current configuration settings of your router onto a disk NET
88. nitialization and will then turn off LAN COL Collision Blinking Data collision is occurring on the LAN 1 4 On The numbered LAN port is synchronized with an attached device Blinking Data is being received on the port Modem OH Off Hook On The modem is in use CD Carrier Detect On A valid carrier is present on the line TX Transmit Blinking Data is being transmitted on the modem port RX Receive Blinking Data is being received on the modem port 2 6 Router Installation and Connection Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router The rear panel of the Model RM356 Modem Router is shown in Figure 2 2 Refer to this diagram to identify all of the ports on the router when you attempt to make any connections ean LINE PHONE 46VAC MANAGER 4 3 2 1 8603EA Key 1 AC adapter outlet for connecting the AC adapter to the router 2 LAN ports for connecting the router to workstations using UTP cable 3 RJ 45 serial Manager port for connecting the router to the serial port of a PC using the RJ 45 to DB 25 cable 4 Line port for connecting the router to the telephone line 5 Phone port for connecting the router to a telephone fax or modem Figure 2 2 Rear Panel of the Model RM356 Modem Router Warning Several of the connectors and connection cables are very similar It is AN important that
89. o work all devices on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host address e So that a local router or bridge will know which addresses are local and which are remote Private IP Addresses If your networks are isolated from the Internet for example only between your two branch offices you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems However the IANA has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks TOs 0 04 0 10 255 255 3255 LT 2016060 gt 172 316 259 255 192 168 0 0 192 168 255 255 NETGEAR recommends that you choose your private network number from this list Introduction 1 11 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Regardless of your particular situation do not create an arbitrary IP address always follow the guidelines explained here For more information about address assignment refer to RFC 1597 Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space Single IP Address Operation Using NAT If multiple stations on a LAN need to access the Internet simultaneously they usually have to obtain a range of IP addresses from the ISP This type of Internet account is much more costly than a single address account typically used by a single user with a terminal adapter rather than a router The Model RM356 Modem Router employs a method called extended NAT This method allows an entire department of
90. only one terminal connection at any time The router also gives priority to the serial RS 232 connection over Telnet If you have already connected to the router through Telnet you will be logged out if another user then connects through the RS 232 cable You can use a Telnet connection only after the other administrator has disconnected e System timeout When you are connected to the router through Telnet there is a system timeout of 5 minutes 300 seconds If you are not configuring the device and leave it inactive for this timeout period then the router automatically disconnects you 2 10 Router Installation and Connection Chapter 3 Router Configuration This chapter contains information about configuring your Model RM356 Modem Router through the built in Manager interface Configuration Methods If you are using a PC you have the following two options to configure your router e Through FirstGear FirstGear is an easy to use Windows based utility that leads you through a Quick Setup or an Advanced menu for configuring your router For FirstGear instructions refer to Getting Started Using FirstGear for the Model RM356 Modem Router e Through the built in Manager interface If you are using a Macintosh or UNIX based workstation the built in Manager interface is the only way that you can configure your router through your computer However you can use a PC to configure the router and then connect the router to the Macintos
91. oting 10 7 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Packet Trace Display Format Data packets are time stamped and displayed up to the first 32 bytes PPP message packets are summarized but their contents are not displayed The format of the packet trace display is shown in the following packet example 125 fe405c 0 PNET ebp 4ad00 seqNum 27 PPP1 RECV 24 len 26 Figure 10 1 breaks down and defines the packet trace display for the preceding packet example packet number timestamp unit ms process ID packet type LAN XMIT LAN RECV PP1 XMIT PP1 RECV PP2 XMIT PP2 RECV length Y Y 125 fe405c 0 PNET ebp 4ad00 seqNum 27 PPP1 RECV 24 len 26 0000 ff 03 cO 21 08 33 00 16 80 21 01 12 00 10 02 06 0000 00 2d Of 01 03 06 cc f7 cb b7 Loo packet data 8439EA Figure 10 1 Packet Trace Display Definitions The following is an example of the PPP message format 113 fe4002 195 PNET ppp CHAP login to remote OK Figure 10 2 breaks down and defines the PPP message format for the preceding packet example packet number timestamp unit ms process ID type ppp message 113 fe4002 195PNET ppp CHAP login to remote OK 8440EA Figure 10 2 PPP Message Definitions 10 8 Troubleshooting Appendix A Technical Specifications This appendix provides technical specifications for the Model RM356 Modem Router General Specification Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility WA
92. pagated throughout the entire RIP environment To prevent this convergence process from being excessively long RIP is limited to 15 hops maximum The Model RM356 Modem Router supports both the older RIP 1 and the newer RIP 2 protocols Among other improvements RIP 2 supports subnetting and multicasting IP Addresses and the Internet Because TCP IP networks are interconnected widely across the world every machine on the Internet must have a unique address to make sure that transmitted data reaches the correct destination Blocks of addresses are assigned to organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IANA Individual users and small organizations may obtain their addresses either from the IANA or from an Internet service provider ISP The Internet Protocol IP uses a 32 bit address structure The address is usually written in dot notation also called dotted decimal notation in which each group of eight bits is written in decimal form separated by decimal points For example the binary address 11000011 00100010 00001100 00000111 is normally written as 195 34 12 7 which is easier to remember and easier to enter into your computer In addition the 32 bits of the address are subdivided into two parts The first part of the address identifies the network and the second part identifies the host node or station on the network The dividing point may vary depending on the address range and the application 1 6 Int
93. pts In general the cost of providing network bandwidth is proportional to the data speed and the distance over which the network extends Large amounts of bandwidth are provided easily and relatively inexpensively in a local area network office department and similar situations However providing the same high data speeds between two local networks that are physically distant may be prohibitively expensive Because of this expense high speed local area networks LANs are usually interconnected by slower speed links to form a wide area network WAN In order to make the best use of the slower WAN links a mechanism must be in place at each location for selecting data meant only for another location and sending it by the best available link The function of selecting and forwarding this data is performed by a router What is a Router A router is a device that forwards traffic between networks based on network layer information in the data and on routing tables maintained by the router In these routing tables a router builds up a logical picture of the overall network by gathering and exchanging information with other routers in the network Using this information it chooses the best path for forwarding network traffic Routers vary in performance and scale number of routing protocols supported and types of physical WAN connections supported The Model RM356 Modem Router is a small office router that routes the IP protocol over a dial
94. r router It will be kept in the database and can be Yes No activated in the future Set 1 6 Expect Enter an Expect string to capture After capturing the Expect string the router will send out the string in the Send field Set 1 6 Send Enter a string to send out after the Expect string is captured 5 5 Remote Node Configuration Chapter 6 Dial In Configuration You can configure the router to receive calls from remote dial in users for example telecommuters and remote nodes Several differences exist between remote dial in users and remote nodes e The router can make calls to or answer calls from the remote node but the remote dial in user calls are incoming or callback only e Each remote node can have its own set of parameters such as security and callback however all remote dial in users share one common set as defined in the Default Dial In Setup Menu 13 e Typically remote dial in users are individual users who dial in to the router directly from their workstations while remote nodes represent networks and are used for LAN to LAN connections This chapter discusses how to set up default dial in parameters for both a remote node and a remote dial in user and how to set up individual profiles for dial in users Default Dial In Setup This section covers the default dial in parameters The parameters in Menu 13 affect incoming calls from all remote dial in users and remote nodes before authentication is compl
95. r to Configure 1 Edit Comments netbios Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel a J Figure 8 3 Menu 21 Filter Set Configuration 2 Next define the filter rules You want your filter to ignore drop UDP and TCP packets originating from ports 137 138 and 139 Because each protocol port combination must be specified as a separate rule there will be six rules Each filter set contains six rules so you will fill one entire set Begin with rule 1 as illustrated in Figure 8 3 Filter Configuration 8 11 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router 3 Set Active to Yes and specify the IP Protocol as 17 which is the UDP protocol number in decimal from the Assigned Numbers RFC as described on page 8 10 4 Specify Source Port 137 NetBIOS Naming Service and set the Port Comparison field to look for port numbers equal to 137 For packets that match this comparison you want to drop the packet so set Action Matched to Drop For packets not matching you want to continue to the next rule so set Action Not Matched to Check Next Rule Figure 8 4 shows Menu 21 1 1 TCP IP Filter Rule a Menu 21 1 1 TCP IP Filter Rule N Filter 1 1 Filter Type TCP IP Filter Rule Active Yes IP Protocol 17 IP Source Route No Destination IP Addr 0 0 0 0 IP Mask 0 0 0 0 Port 0 Port Comp None Source IP Addr 0 0 0 0 IP Mask 0 0 0 0 Port 137 Port Comp Equal TCP Estab
96. re that the power cord is properly connected to your router and that the power supply adapter is properly connected to a functioning power outlet If the error persists you have a hardware problem and should contact technical support LAN Link LED If the LAN LED for any LAN port does not light when the Ethernet connection is made to that port check the following e Physical Ethernet cables Make sure that the connections are secure at the router and at the attached workstation Troubleshooting 10 1 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router e Connected hub or workstation Make sure that the connected hub or workstation is powered on e Ethernet cable If you are connecting the router LAN port directly to a workstation or to the uplink MDI port of another hub use a standard straight through Ethernet cable such as the one provided e Connection to another hub If you are extending your network by connecting the router to another hub verify that you are using the correct combination of cable and port If you are connecting a LAN port of the Model RM356 Modem Router to the uplink MDI port of another hub use a standard straight through Ethernet cable such as the one provided If there is a switch associated with the uplink port of the connecting hub make sure that the switch is in the uplink MDI position If you are connecting a LAN port of the Model RM356 Modem Router to a normal MDI X port of another hub you must
97. refers to the length in bytes of the data in the packet that the router should use for comparison and masking The starting point of this data is determined by Offset The range for this field is 0 to 8 Default 0 Mask In this field specify in hexadecimal the value that the router should logically qualify and the data in the packet Because length is given in bytes enter a hexadecimal number that is twice the specified length for numbers in this field For example if length is 4 a valid Mask entry must have 8 hexadecimal numbers 1155ABF8 Value In this field specify in hexadecimal the value that the router should use to compare with the masked packet The value should align with Offset Because length is given in bytes you need to enter twice the length in hexadecimal numbers for this field For example if length is 4 a valid Value entry must have 8 hexadecimal numbers 1155ABF8 If the result from the masked packet matches Value then the packet is considered matched More In this field you can determine whether to pass the packet through the next filter rule before an action is taken There are two options for this field e Yes e No Default If Yes is selected for this field Action Matched and Action Not Matched will be N A Filter Configuration 8 7 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 8 5 Generic Filter Rule Menu Fields continued Field Description Log In thi
98. rent MODEM call Reset MODEM 2 Enter This command will reset the MODEM Manual Call 3 Enter This command will cause the router to place a manual call to a Remote Node and log in to the account A trace will be displayed on the screen showing the progress of the call setup and protocol negotiation Redirect to 4 Enter This command will redirect the Manager terminal to the MODEM port MODEM so that AT commands may be sent directly to the internal MODEM TCP IP Internet Setup 11 Enter This command will cause the router to place a manual call to the ISP Test and log in to the account A trace will be displayed on the screen showing the progress of the call setup and protocol negotiation Ping Host 12 Enter This test pings the host which determines the functionality of the TCP IP protocol on your system 9 6 System Maintenance Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 9 5 System Maintenance Diagnostic Menu Fields continued Field Command Description System Reboot System Enter 21 This option reboots the system implementing any changes that may have been recently added to your system Command Mode Enter 22 This option allows the user to enter the command mode This mode allows you to diagnose and test your router using a specified set of commands Call Testing and TCP IP Tools Two test selections Manual Call and Internet Setup Test are available for testing call placem
99. rnet service provider ISP When you use Menu 4 to configure your router for Internet access the router automatically adds a remote node for you using default values typical of an ISP Note If you access only one remote node not an ISP create that remote node using Menu 4 and then edit it with Menu 11 Creating the remote node using Menu 4 and editing it with Menu 11 makes the remote node the default static route When a remote node is configured properly traffic to the remote LAN triggers the router to make a call automatically Dial On Demand Similarly calls from the remote LAN are answered automatically and security is checked To create a remote node 1 Enter 11 from the Main Menu to display Menu 11 Remote Node Setup 2 Enter a remote node number 1 to 4 to edit the remote node and to display Submenu 11 1 Remote Node Profile 3 Press Enter at the Press ENTER to Confirm prompt to confirm your selections Press Esc at any time to cancel your selections Table 5 1 lists and describes the fields in the Remote Node Profile menu and explains how to enter the information in each field Remote Node Configuration 5 1 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 5 1 Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile Fields Field Description Rem Node Name This field is required Enter a descriptive name for the remote node for example MyOffice This field supports up to eight chara
100. rnet service providers in the event of a failure Configuring for a Backup ISP To configure a backup ISP account Configure your primary ISP using Menu 4 as described earlier in this chapter Enter Menu 11 and then select the number of an unused remote node In Menu 11 1 choose a name for your backup ISP account set the Active field to No and then enter your outgoing login name password and phone number s The Remote IP Address field should be set to 1 1 1 1 In Menu 11 3 set the subnet mask of the remote node to 0 0 0 0 then set RIP to None Save the new configuration Switching to a Backup ISP If you need to switch from your primary ISP to a backup ISP 1 Enter Menu 11 and select your Primary ISP 2 In Menu 11 1 set the Active field to No 3 Enter Menu 11 again and select your Backup ISP 4 In Menu 11 1 set the Active field to Yes You will now be able to access the Internet through the backup ISP Remote Node 4 4 Configuration for Internet Access Chapter 5 Remote Node Configuration This chapter discusses the protocol independent parameters used to configure a remote node The protocol dependent TCP IP configuration is covered in a later chapter A remote node represents both a remote gateway and the network behind it across a wide area network WAN connection A remote node is required for placing calls to a remote network or answering calls from a remote network One common type of remote node is an Inte
101. roduction Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router There are five standard classes of IP addresses These address classes have different ways of determining the network and host sections of the address allowing for different numbers of hosts on a network Each address type begins with a unique bit pattern which is used by the TCP IP software to identify the address class After the address class has been determined the software can correctly identify the host section of the address The three main address classes are illustrated in Figure 1 1 which shows the network and host sections of the address for each address type Class A Network Node Class B Network Node Class C Network Node 726 Figure 1 1 Three Main Address Classes Class A addresses can have up to 16 777 214 hosts on a single network They use an 8 bit network number and a 24 bit node number Class A addresses are in this range 1 x x x to 126 x x x Class B addresses can have up to 65 354 hosts on a network A Class B address uses a 16 bit network number and a 16 bit node number Class B addresses are in this range 128 1 x x to 191 254 x x Class C addresses can have 254 hosts on a network Class C addresses use 24 bits for the network address and 8 bits for the node They are in this range 192 0 1 x to 223 255 254 x Class D addresses are used for multicasts messages sent to many hosts Class D addresses are in t
102. rotection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance This is to certify that the Model RM356 Modem Router is shielded against the generation of radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89 336 EEC Article 4a Conformity is declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class B CISPR 22 Bestatigung des Herstellers Importeurs Es wird hiermit best tigt da das Model RM356 Modem Router und Model gem der im BMPT AmtsblVfg 243 1991 und Vfg 46 1992 aufgef hrten Bestimmungen entstort ist Das vorschriftsmaBige Betreiben einiger Ger te z B Testsender kan
103. s field you can determine if you want to log the results of packets attempting to pass the filter rule These results are displayed on the System Log see View Error Log on page 9 4 Seven options are available for this field e None No packets are logged default e Action Matched Only packets that match the rule parameters are logged e Action Not Matched Only packets that do not match the rule parameters are logged e Both All packets are logged e Check Next Rule default e Forward e Drop Action Matched Action Not Matched If the conditions for the filter rule are not met you can specify what to do with the packet Three options are available for this field e Check Next Rule default Forward e Drop Applying a Filter Set After configuring a filter set in Menu 21 you must specify where and how the filter will be used Data filters can be applied either at the LAN interface in Menu 3 1 or at the Remote Node interface Menu 11 1 and can be specified for incoming or outgoing packets Call filters which determine whether or not to place a call to forward the packet are applied at the Remote Node interface Menu 11 1 Up to four filter sets can be applied to the same port by entering the numbers of the desired filter sets separated by commas with no spaces In the following example the Remote Node Profile line of Menu 11 1 specifies that filter sets 1 3 and 10 are used to determine
104. specific protocol number The value entered in this field should be a decimal number between 0 and 255 for example 17 refers to the UDP protocol Refer to RFC1700 Assigned Numbers for specific protocol numbers IP Source Route Yes or No in this field determines whether to check the source route Destination IP Addr In this field enter the destination IP address of the packet you want to filter The address is written in dotted decimal notation such as a b c d where a b c and d are numbers between 0 and 255 IP Mask In this field enter the IP subnet mask that is used to mask the bits of the IP Address given in Destination IP Addr See Netmask on page 1 8 for information about IP subnet masks Port In this field enter the destination port of the packets that you want to filter The range of this field is 0 to 65535 For example 47 refers to the FTP port Refer to RFC1700 Assigned Numbers for specific port numbers Port Comp In this field select the comparison quantifier you want to enable to compare to the value given in Destination Port There are five options for this field e None default e Less Greater e Equal e Not Equal Source IP Addr In this field enter the source IP address of the packet you want to filter The IP address is written in dotted decimal notation such as a b c d where a b c and d are numbers between 0 and 255 IP Mask In this field enter the IP subnet mask t
105. ss B address can be effectively translated into multiple Class C addresses For example the IP address of 172 16 0 0 is assigned but node addresses are limited to 255 maximum allowing 8 extra bits to use as a subnet address The IP address of 172 16 97 235 would be interpreted as IP network address 172 16 subnet number 97 and node number 235 In addition to extending the number of addresses available subnet addressing provides other benefits Subnet addressing allows a network manager to construct an address scheme for the network by using different subnets for other geographical locations in the network or for other departments in the organization Although the preceding example uses the entire third octet for a subnet address note that you are not restricted to octet boundaries in subnetting To create more network numbers you need only shift some bits from the host address to the network address For instance to partition a Class C network number 192 68 135 0 into two you shift 1 bit from the host address to the network address The new netmask or subnet mask is 255 255 255 128 The first subnet has network number 192 68 135 0 with hosts 192 68 135 1 to 129 68 135 126 and the second subnet has network number 192 68 135 128 with hosts 192 68 135 129 to 192 68 135 254 Introduction 1 9 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Note The number 192 68 135 127 is not assigned because it is the broadcast address of the f
106. station in your local network A LAN account is typically more expensive than a single user account Account Information Your ISP should give you the following basic information for your account whether it is a single user or LAN account e A local phone number for accessing the ISP e A login name e A password e IP address es unless they are to be dynamically assigned e IP addresses of the ISP s Domain Name Servers DNS Router Installation and Connection 2 3 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Network Checklist The Model RM356 Modem Router uses the Internet Protocol IP The IP configuration has the following requirements e All host devices must have TCP IP installed and selected as the networking protocol e All host devices including the router must be assigned IP addresses If your ISP or network administrator has not assigned these use private addresses If you are using the DHCP function of the router you can have these addresses assigned automatically by the router e All host devices must have the IP address of the router defined either as the default gateway or as an entry in the static routes table If you are using the DHCP function of the router this gateway IP address is assigned automatically by the router e The network portion of the IP addresses must be different on the Local and Remote networks you are routing between If you do not have any assigned IP addresses you must use NAT
107. t and call history which are on the Call Control menu Select option 9 from Menu 24 to display the Call Control menu 9 10 System Maintenance Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Blacklist The blacklist function prevents the router from redialing an unreachable phone number a number to which it has been unable to connect The router maintains a list of phone numbers up to a maximum of 14 to which it will not make an outgoing call When the router attempts to dial a phone number and fails a certain number of times the phone number is put onto the blacklist You must restore the number manually before it can be dialed again You can remove a phone number from the list by entering its index number at the Remove Selection prompt You can specify the number of attempts and the retry interval in Menu 2 1 Advanced MODEM Setup Budget Management The budget management function provides a way for you to set a limit on phone line utilization to prevent any accidental overuse This function limits the total outgoing call time of the router over a period of time to each remote node and remote dial in user callback only When this limit is reached the call is dropped and further outgoing calls to that remote node or remote dial in user callback fail If the total outgoing call time exceeds the set limit future outgoing calls are not made and the current call is dropped After each total period the total budget is reset The d
108. that approximates the cost for this link The number does not have to be precise but it must be between 1 and 16 In practice 2 or 3 is usually a good number Private This field determines if the router includes the route to this remote node in its RIP broadcasts If set to Yes this route is kept private and not included in any RIP broadcast If set to No the route to this remote node is propagated to other hosts through RIP broadcasts TCP IP Configuration 7 5 Chapter 8 Filter Configuration This chapter provides information about using filters and configuring filters for your Model RM356 Modem Router The router uses filters to decide whether to allow passage of a data packet and or to make a call over the phone line Three types of filters are involved incoming data filters outgoing data filters and call filters Data filters screen the data to determine if the packet should be allowed to pass Call filters are used to determine if a call should be placed Outgoing packets must pass through the data filters before they encounter call filters The call filters are divided into two groups default call filters and user defined call filters The Model RM356 Modem Router has default call filters that filter out administrative packets for example RIP packets The router applies the default filters first and then if applicable applies the user defined call filters as shown in Figure 8 1
109. tion and Password The user can erase the current configuration and restore defaults by uploading the initialization file romfileO or romdhcp which can be found in the directory in which FirstGear was installed These files are also available on the NETGEAR Web site This procedure will restore the Manager password to 1234 and will set the Manager baud rate to 9600 This recovery method is for cases when the Manager password is not known The two initialization files romfileO and romdhcp differ in the initial IP address information and DHCP setup The file romfileO leaves the router with no IP address and with DHCP disabled The file romdhcp leaves the router with an initial IP address of 192 168 0 1 and with DHCP enabled allowing the router to assign initial IP configuration information to attached hosts To upload romfileO or romdhcp you must enter the BootModule debug mode with a serial connection to the Manager port To enter the BootModule debug mode 1 While monitoring the serial port turn on the router Wait for the following message Press Any key to enter Debug Mode within 3 seconds 2 Press any key and wait for the following message Enter Debug Mode 3 Optional Type atbal to change the baud rate of the router to 38 4k and then change the baud rate of your terminal Changing the baud rate may be necessary if the file transfer is unreliable at 9600 baud Note The character after atba is the number 1 4 Type atur3 and
110. ts The number of packets received on this channel since reset or manual clear Errors The number of error packets on this channel since reset or manual clear Up Time The time that this channel has been connected to the current remote node Total Outcall Time The total outgoing call time for all WAN ports since the system has been powered on Ethernet For the LAN port the screen displays Status The current status of the LAN port TX Pkts The number of packets transmitted to the LAN RX Pkts The number of packets received from the LAN Collisions The number of collisions Name This field displays the name of your router which you configured in Menu 1 General Setup RAS S W Version The version of the current router software Ethernet Address The Ethernet MAC address assigned to your router LAN Packet Which Triggered Last Call This field displays the first 48 octets of the LAN packet that triggered the last outgoing call Two types of packets are displayed IP and RAW By viewing the packet information you can determine which station has sent a packet to cause the router to make an outgoing call System Maintenance Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Figure 9 1 illustrates two packet examples shown on Menu 24 1 The first is an ICMP Ping packet Type IP triggering the call and the second is a SAP broadcast packet Type RAW With this information you can determine th
111. u is illustrated in Figure 3 2 a RM356 Main Menu Getting Started Advanced Management 1 General Setup 21 Filter Set Configuration 2 MODEM Setup 3 Ethernet Setup 23 System Security 4 Internet Access Setup 24 System Maintenance Advanced Applications 11 Remote Node Setup 12 Static Routing Setup 13 Default Dial in User Setup 14 Dial in User Setup 99 Exit Enter Menu Selection Number S F Figure 3 2 Manager Main Menu 3 4 Router Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Manager Menu Summary Table 3 2 describes the top level Manager menus Table 3 2 Manager Menu Summary Number Menu Title Description 1 General Setup This menu is accessed to set up general information router name for example 2 MODEM Setup This menu is accessed to set up modem port configuration 3 Ethernet Setup This menu is accessed to set up Ethernet configuration 4 Internet Access Setup This menu provides a quick and easy way to set up an Internet connection 11 Remote Node Setup This menu is accessed to set up a remote node for a LAN to LAN connection including Internet connection The router has four remote nodes 12 Static Routing Setup This menu is accessed to set up static routes The router supports four static routes 13 Default Dial in Setup This menu is accessed to set up default dial in parameters so that your router can be a dial in server
112. uration for further information about the different methods of configuring your router and for configuration instructions Router Installation and Connection 2 9 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Connecting Through a Telnet Connection You can access the built in Manager interface by a Telnet call from any TCP IP workstation on the LAN or the remote network In order to use the Telnet Protocol you must know the current IP address of the router If the router has no IP address you must first use a serial connection or the FirstGear utility to assign an IP address The router ships with an address of 192 168 0 1 To make a Telnet connection from the LAN you must make sure that the router and workstation are connected to the LAN and you must set up your workstation to enable it to reach the IP address of the router by doing one of the following e Set your workstation to an IP address on the currently programmed subnet of the router e Add a route to the static routing table of the workstation to indicate that the router can be reached through the local LAN port Note If you change the LAN IP address of the router while connected through Telnet you lose the Telnet session You must then open a new Telnet connection to the new IP address and log in again When using Telnet consider the following e Single administrator To prevent confusion and discrepancy on the configuration the router allows
113. use a crossover cable Troubleshooting a TCP IP Network Using a Ping Utility Most TCP IP terminal devices and routers contain a ping utility that sends an echo request packet to the designated device The device then responds with an echo reply Troubleshooting a TCP IP network is made very easy by using the ping utility in the built in Manager interface Menu 24 4 or in your PC or workstation Testing the LAN Path to Your Router To verify that the LAN path to your router is set up correctly from the Windows 95 or Windows NT Run menu type Ping and the IP address of the router Press the Enter key You should see a message like this one Pinging lt IP address gt with 32 bytes of data If the path is working you see this message Reply from lt IP address gt bytes 32 time NN ms TTL xxx If the path is not working you see this message Request timed out 10 2 Troubleshooting Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router If the path is not functioning correctly you could have one of the following problems e Wrong physical connections Make sure the LAN LED is on for the port attached to your PC If the LAN LED is off follow the instructions in LAN Link LED on page 10 1 Check that the Link LED is on for the network interface card in your PC or workstation e Wrong network configuration Verify that the Ethernet card driver software and TCP IP software are both installed and confi
114. ust enter the netmask in the Edit IP Options submenu Edit IP Press the space bar to change this field to Yes and press Enter to display the Menu 11 3 Remote Node Network Layer Options menu To set the protocol dependent parameters 1 Select Yes in the Edit IP field of Submenu 11 1 Remote Node Profile 2 Press Enter to display Menu 11 3 Remote Node Network Layer Options 3 Edit the options in Menu 11 3 described in Table 7 2 on page 7 3 4 Press Enter at the Press ENTER to Confirm prompt to confirm your selections and return to the previous menu Press Esc at any time to cancel your selections 5 Continue to the end of Menu 11 1 and press Enter to save the selections you made in Menu 11 3 7 2 TCP IP Configuration Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 7 2 lists and describes the fields for Menu 11 3 Remote Node Network Layer Options Table 7 2 Menu 11 3 Remote Node Network Layer Options Fields Field Description Rem IP Address This read only field shows the IP address you entered for this remote node in the previous menu Rem Subnet Mask This field will display the standard class netmask for the network address of the remote router If the remote network uses a netmask other than the standard class netmask you must enter the netmask here My WAN Addr Some network implementations require hosts on both ends of the ISDN link to have separate addresses
115. wait for the following messages Now erase flash ROM for uploading Starting XMODEM upload 5 From your terminal program send the binary file romfile0 or romdhcp using XMODEM transfer protocol Wait for the following message Programming successful 6 Restart the router 10 6 Troubleshooting Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Using the Packet and Log Trace You can diagnose PPP connection failures using the packet trace feature of the Model RM356 Modem Router To invoke the packet trace 1 2 Access the internal Manager of the router using a serial or Telnet terminal connection If you will be tracing an outgoing call go to Menu 11 Remote Node Setup and note which remote node number N corresponds to the location you will be calling Invoke the Command Interpreter Mode Menu 24 8 Clear any existing trace information by entering rm356 gt sys trcl cl Turn on the trace log by entering rm356 gt sys trcl sw on Turn on the packet trace by entering rm356 gt sys trcp sw on Trace the call To trace an outgoing call force the router to dial the remote node by entering rm356 gt dev dial N N is the remote node number shown in Menu 11 Wait for the desired activity and then display the trace log by entering rm356 gt sys trcl disp or sys trcp disp The trace appears on the terminal screen Use PageUp and PageDown to inspect the entire trace Troublesho
116. you use the correct cable for each connection and that you do not connect the ports incorrectly because serious damage to your router could result Connecting the Serial Cable Optional Plug the RJ 45 end of the 25 pin to RJ 45 serial cable into the port labeled MANAGER on the router Plug the other end into a serial port such as COM1 or COM2 of your PC You must use the included 25 pin to 9 pin adapter if your PC has only a 9 pin port available Connecting to the Line Port Plug one end of the black telephone cable into the connector labeled LINE on the router Plug the other end into the telephone line wall jack Router Installation and Connection 2 7 Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Connecting to the Hub Ports The Model RM356 Modem Router provides four Ethernet twisted pair hub ports for connecting to PCs and workstations Connections are made using standard straight through UTP cables like the one included with your router The hub of the Model RM356 Modem Router may be connected to another hub using the uplink port on the hub to which you are connecting or by using a crossover cable to a normal port Connecting a Telephone Fax or Modem Use the PHONE port for connecting your router to an analog telephone fax or modem This port is an extension of the LINE port Connecting the Power Adapter Plug the connector of the 16 V AC power adapter into the AC adapter outlet on the router Then plu

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