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Avaya Configuring SNMP, BOOTP, DHCP, and RARP Services User's Manual

1. ccccsseeeeeeeees 2 5 Filtering BOOTP and DHCP Packets cccseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeseseeeseeeeseaeeeeaees 2 5 Improving the Efficiency of Packet Relay 2 6 Specifying BOOTP Servers u ecccccccsccesecceceeneeeeeneeeeeaeeeeeaaeeeeeeeeseaaeseeeeeetenaeessanes 2 6 Using ratie Wl CET 2 6 Using Unnumbered Interfaces A 2 7 Enabling BOOTP Services A 2 7 Enabling BOOTP on an Interface urnnrnnnnnvnnnnnrrnnnnnvnrnnrrnnnnnnnnnnrrennnnrnnnenvenennrnnnennene 2 8 Accessing BOOTP Parameters mmnmnnrnrvnnnnrrnnnnnvnnnnvrnnannvennnrrenanavennnnrenannrnnnennensnnrnnnnnnene 2 8 Editing BOOTP Relay Agent Parameters mrrnrrrrnnnnnvrnnenvvnnnnrrnnennvnnrrrrnnennrnererrreensrnesennn 2 9 Specifying Interfaces That Receive and Relay BOOTP Packets 2 11 Deleting an Input Output Address Par 2 15 Configuring an AN to Use EZ Install over a Frame Relay PVC urnrrnnannvvnrnrrrnnnnnvnnnnnn 2 15 vi Specifying Servers for BOOTP Services ccccccceesseccessenseeeeeeeseeeeeseesaeeeessenaeeeeseeaas 2 17 Deleting the BOOTP Relay Agent from an IP Interface rrrrnrnnnnrrrrrrrnnnvvererrnarvrrerrrnnn 2 22 Deleting BOOTP Globally 2 22 Chapter 3 Configuring DHCP Services DHCP CEET 3 1 Acquiring a New IP Address and New Configuration Parameters mmrrrsrrrrrrrrnnnnn 3 2 Acquiring the Same IP Address Again rannrnnnnvrrnnnnvnnrnrrrnnnnrnnnerrrennnrnnnennreesrrnnsennneeen 3 5 Implementation NOteS ee
2. ccccceeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeee sees eeeeaeeseceeeeeeaaeseeeeeeesaeeeeeeeeees xiv eu XV dite IR ET xvi World Wide Webs EE xvi How to Get Help EE xvi GONVentions EE xvi Ordering Bay Networks Publications c ccccsceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeneeeeeaaeeeseeeeessaeeeseaeees xvii AGONY S ihc srs seve erre xviii Chapter 1 Configuring SNMP Services SNMP OM LET LE lipnie a aa a E a a Ta aia a aiaiai 1 1 Remote Network Monitoring RMON s ssessssssssssssssissrrsssrrsssrnssrnssrensrnnssrnsssrnssrrnssrns 1 2 The RMON Groups rerennrrnnnnnvnnnnrrnnannvnnnenrnnannrnnnsnnensnnrnnsannnnnesrrnsennnnenenrasennrnesennn 1 3 For More Information about SNMP nnnrenernvvnnnnrnnnnnvnnrnnrrnnnnnnnnrrrrensnnrnnnenrenssnrnenennene 1 5 SNMP Implementation Notes cc ccccscecceeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeaeeceeeeseaaeeseeeeeeseaeeseeneeessaeeeseneees 1 6 Internet Protocol IP EEN 1 6 Thresholds sunnier anden di au ed i sedanen ey 1 6 Threshold Example seede tettere aged EE EE A bodice eden 1 7 Taper NG 1 9 AMON vie ds 1 9 RMON Interoperability ISSUES rrnnnnnrrnnnnrnnnnnnrnnnnrrnnnnnnnnrnrnnnnnnnnnrenrnesnnnnnnennnen 1 10 RMON Memory Use rmnannvvnrerrrnnnnvnnnenrrennnrnnnennrenrrrnnrsnnnenrsrrneennnnerenrrennnnnnsennnen 1 10 Interoperability Issues and Memory Use for RMON Groups rmrrerrrrnnnrnnvrnnnnn 1 11 Enabling SNMP Services rrrennnrrnnenvvnnnnrrnnennennrvrranennnnnrsrrneennnnenerrresnrnnsennressnrnnnennneeenn 1 16 Enabli
3. lt 4 BOOTP relay agent transmits DHCPOFFER packets to client Router BOOTP Relay Agent Figure 3 1 Identifying DHCP Servers 2 BOOTP relay agent transmits the Server DHCPDISCOVER packet to servers on other networks gt lt 3 Servers transmit DHCPOFFER packets to BOOTP relay agent To identify DHCP servers the client broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER packet Figure 3 2 shows the fields in a DHCP packet The packet relay process uses these fields as follows 1 A BOOTP relay agent receives the packet and if it accepts the packet transmits the packet to DHCP servers on other networks 3 2 Configuring DHCP Services y Hardware address Operation 1 Hardware type 1 length 1 Hops 1 Transaction ID 4 Seconds 2 Flags 2 Client IP address 4 Your IP address 4 Server IP address 4 Gateway IP address 16 Client hardware address 16 Server name 64 File name 128 Options 312 The number in parentheses indicates the number of octets in each field Figure 3 2 Fields in a DHCP Packet 2 Those servers may respond with a DHCPOFFER packet that includes an available IP address in the your IP address field When a DHCP server offers an IP address that address is temporarily unavailable to o
4. Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Trap Port 162 1 to 9999 Specifies the number of the port on the managing station to which the agent transmits traps The standard port number for trap messages is 162 however you may enter a different port number Be sure that you do not specify a port that another application uses 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 3 1 5 Trap Types Generic None Generic Specific All Specifies the type of trap the agent transmits to this manager Select None to prohibit the agent from transmitting traps to this manager Select Generic to configure the agent to transmit the well defined SNMP traps cold start warm start and Authentication Failure traps to the manager The well defined cold start and warm start traps are automatically active in the SNMP agent however you must enable the Authentication Failure Traps parameter for the agent to transmit such traps to this manager Select Specific to configure the agent software to transmit all enabled log event traps to this manager Select All to transmit cold start traps warm start traps and all enabled log event traps to this manager 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 3 1 6 1 30 Configuring SNMP Services Deleting a Manager To delete a manager from an SNMP community begin at the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 and complete the following steps 1 Sel
5. Select Disable to prohibit the router from generating Authentication Failure traps 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 1 35 1 23 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Editing SNMP Community Parameters This section describes how to add edit and delete the SNMP communities to which the SNMP agent responds or sends traps It also describes how to select which managers are members of a particular community Note When you add the first IP interface during a local configuration Site Manager automatically creates a read write public community with a wildcard manager 0 0 0 0 For security reasons we recommend that you replace the public community and wildcard manager with a unique community specifying a limited list of managers Adding an SNMP Community To add an SNMP community begin at the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 and complete the following steps 1 Select Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Communities The SNMP Community List window appears Figure 1 5 Figure 1 5 SNMP Community List Window 2 Select Community gt Add Community The SNMP Community window appears Figure 1 6 1 24 Configuring SNMP Services I Cancel Figure 1 6 SNMP Community Window Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Edit the parameters Use the descriptions that follow as a guide Click on OK The new SNMP community appears in the SNMP community list window Sp
6. For security reasons the SNMP agent validates each request from an SNMP manager before responding to the request by verifying that the manager belongs to an SNMP community with access privileges to the agent An SNMP community is a logical relationship between an SNMP agent and one or more SNMP managers The community has a name and all members of a community have the same access privileges either read only members can view configuration and performance information or read write members can view configuration and performance information and also change the configuration All SNMP message exchanges consist of a community name and a data field which contains the SNMP operation and its associated operands You can configure the SNMP agent to receive requests and send responses only from managers that are members of a known community If the agent knows the community name in the SNMP message and knows that the manager generating the request is a member of that community it considers the message to be authentic and gives it the access allowed for members of that community Thus the SNMP community prevents unauthorized managers from viewing or changing the configuration of a router Remote Network Monitoring RMON You can configure a data collection module DCM in the Bay Networks 8 port ANH to act as a remote monitoring RMON device in compliance with RFC 1757 This RFC is an extension of SNMP and specifies a standard MIB that d
7. Adding an SNMP Community for instructions on how to configure these parameters If you want to add edit or delete community members from this community refer to the section Configuring SNMP Community Members later in this chapter Deleting an SNMP Community To delete an SNMP community begin at the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 and complete the following steps 1 Select Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Communities The SNMP Community List window appears refer to Figure 1 5 1 26 Configuring SNMP Services 2 Select the community you want to delete 3 Select Community gt Delete Community The Delete SNMP Community window appears Figure 1 7 Figure 1 7 Delete SNMP Community Window 4 Make sure the correct SNMP community name appears in the window Click on Cancel if you do not want to delete the selected community 5 Click on Delete Configuring SNMP Community Members You can add edit and delete SNMP community members called managers Adding a Manager To add a manager begin at the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 and complete the following steps 1 Select Protocols gt IP gt SNMPCommunities The SNMP Community List window appears refer to Figure 1 5 2 Select the community to which you want to add managers 3 Select Community gt Managers The SNMP Manager List window for that community appears Figure 1 8 1 27 Configu
8. Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Output IP Address None Any valid IP address Specifies the IP interface that forwards BOOTREQUEST packets to an external network Enter the IP address of a numbered network interface that you want to transmit BOOTREQUEST or DHCP packets to servers then configure this IP address on the router if you have not already done so Do not specify an unnumbered interface for this parameter If you want to use an unnumbered interface to transmit BOOTREQUEST or DHCP packets to servers you must set up a preferred server from the BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 2 1 4 Enable Disable Enable Enable Disable Specifies whether this forwarding route is active Select Enable to allow BOOTP or DHCP forwarding through this route Select Disable to prevent BOOTP or DHCP forwarding through this route 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 2 1 2 2 14 Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Deleting an Inp Configuring BOOTP Services Pass Through Mode BOOTP BOOTP DHCP BOOTP and DHCP Specifies whether the interface relays BOOTP DHCP or BOOTP and DHCP requests Select BOOTP to relay BOOTP requests Select DHCP to relay DHCP requests Select BOOTP and DHCP to relay both BOOTP and DHCP requests 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 2 1 1 5 ut Outpu
9. 4 Gateway IP address 16 Client hardware address 16 Server name 64 File name 128 Vendor specific area 64 The number in parentheses indicates the number of octets in each field Figure 2 3 BOOTREQUEST and BOOTREPLY Fields The packet relay process uses these fields as follows 1 When a router interface receives a BOOTREQUEST packet the router examines the seconds and hops fields in the packet and compares these values to BOOTP parameters you configured on that interface The seconds field contains the minimum number of seconds that the router waits before forwarding a BOOTREQUEST packet If the value in the seconds field of the packet is less than the value of the Timeout Secs parameter you configured on the interface the router drops the packet 2 3 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services The hops field contains the maximum number of hops that a packet can take between the source and destination devices If the packet has traversed more hops than the value of the hops parameter you specified for that interface the router drops the packet If the router accepts the packet it alters the packet by e Incrementing the hops field by I e Writing the IP address of the input interface to the gateway IP address field The router then determines which networks should receive this packet and broadcasts it to other networks through a forwarding route that you specify wh
10. Host Configuration Protocol DHCP you can enable clients to acquire permanent IP configuration parameters and a temporary IP address Refer to this chapter for e An overview of the DHCP protocol see page 3 1 e Features of the Bay Networks implementation of DHCP see page 3 6 e Instructions for enabling DHCP services see page 3 6 e Instructions for accessing and editing DHCP parameters see page 3 7 DHCP Overview DHCP enables clients to obtain an IP address for a fixed length of time a lease period from remote servers DHCP servers The lease period can range from 1 minute to 99 years When the lease period expires the server can assign the IP address to another client on the network DHCP also enables clients to acquire the IP configuration parameters they need to communicate on a network DHCP uses the BOOTP relay agent to forward packets The BOOTP relay agent uses the same criteria and methods for forwarding both DHCP and BOOTP packets Refer to BOOTP Relay Agent Overview in Chapter 2 for information about the packet relay process 3 1 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Acquiring a New IP Address and New Configuration Parameters This process involves the following stages e Identifying DHCP servers e Requesting IP information e Receiving IP information e Accepting IP information Figure 3 1 shows the first stage of the process 1 Client broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER packet Client
11. Intervals parameter 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 14 1 38 Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Configuring SNMP Services Threshold HoldDown Intervals 1 Any integer value Specifies the number of exception free polling intervals through which a variable in a held state must pass before the variable is no longer considered held Specify the number of exception free polling intervals The lower the number you select the more likely the agent is to generate repetitive event messages for a variable that is intermittently exceeding thresholds 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 15 Threshold Label ASN 1 object identifier ASN 1 OID String identifier This parameter lets you enter a name for the object in string format to replace the ASN 1 object identifier The string you enter appears in the log file making it easier to identify the object that is the subject of the trap Type a name for the object or leave this field empty to use the ASN 1 object identifier 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 22 1 39 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Editing Trap Parameters You can specify which traps the SNMP agent sends to the network management station Configuring Traps To specify which traps the agent sends based on slot protocol entity and severity level begin at the Configuration Manager wind
12. Manager window You can now customize SNMP parameters for the IP interface refer to Accessing SNMP Parameters To edit all IP interface parameters click on Details Refer to Configuring IP Services for information about editing IP interface parameters Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Configuring SNMP Services IP Address None Any valid IP address Assigns a 32 bit IP address to the interface Enter the IP address of the interface in dotted decimal notation Enter 0 0 0 0 to configure an unnumbered interface on the circuit 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 2 1 4 1 4 Subnet Mask The Configuration Manager automatically calculates an appropriate subnet mask depending on the class of the network to which the interface connects Any valid IP address Specifies the network and subnetwork portion of the 32 bit IP address Accept the assigned subnet mask or enter another subnet mask in dotted decimal notation 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 2 1 4 1 6 Transmit Beast Addr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 or any valid IP broadcast address Specifies the address that this IP subnet uses for broadcasting packets Accepting 0 0 0 0 for this parameter specifies that the IP router uses a broadcast address with a host portion of all 1s it does not c
13. RARP Services Enabling RARP on an Interface When you select a link or net module connector or when you finish configuring a WAN circuit the Select Protocols window appears refer to Figure 1 1 Note The window varies slightly according to circuit type displaying only those protocols that the circuit type supports To enable RARP on an interface 1 Select Reverse ARP from the Select Protocols menu When you select RARP you automatically select IP 2 Click on OK The IP Configuration window appears refer to Figure 1 2 3 Edit the parameters on the screen Refer to Enabling IP on an Interface in Chapter 1 for guidelines 4 Edit or accept the default values for the remaining IP interface parameters as follows e To accept the default values click on OK Site Manager displays the Configuration Manager window You can now customize RARP parameters for the IP interface refer to Accessing RARP Parameters To edit all IP interface parameters click on Details Refer to Configuring IP Services for information about editing IP interface parameters Accessing RARP Parameters The remaining sections in this chapter describe how to use the Configuration Manager to edit RARP parameters Note The instructions in this section assume that you have already configured at least one IP interface on which you have enabled RARP If you have not yet configured an IP interface or want to add additional IP interfaces r
14. RMON Default Matrix parameter to Disable before you enable the DCM refer to Connecting AN and ANH Systems to a Network for details Some RMON network management applications expect the DCM to set up a Matrix configuration while others set up their own configurations Note The RMON agent allows you to create only one Matrix configuration Be sure to set the RMON Default Matrix parameter according to the expectations of the RMON network management application The Matrix configuration requires 212 bytes The Matrix data requires approximately 178 bytes of memory per source destination pair the DCM detects on a segment Configuring SNMP Services Filter and Capture Groups Caution The memory you need for a Filter Capture configuration and for storing captured packets can easily exhaust all the available memory on a DCM particularly if the filters are not selective You must create Filter and Capture configurations through your RMON network management application You can create as many filters and capture buffers as memory permits up to the RMON limit of 65 535 configurations Memory requirements vary greatly according to the size and number of the filters and the size of the capture buffer In most cases you need 3 to 5 KB of memory for the Filter and Packet Capture configuration The size of the capture buffer determines the amount of memory you need for the data You can request the largest buffer size available by specifying
15. When you select a link or net module connector or when you finish configuring a WAN circuit the Select Protocols window appears refer to Figure 1 1 Note The window varies slightly according to circuit type displaying only those protocols that the circuit type supports To enable BOOTP on an interface 1 Select BOOTP from the Select Protocols menu When you select BOOTP you automatically select IP Click on OK The IP Configuration window appears refer to Figure 1 2 Edit the parameters on the screen Refer to Enabling IP on an Interface in Chapter 1 for guidelines Edit or accept the default values for the remaining IP interface parameters as follows e To accept the default values click on OK Site Manager displays the Configuration Manager window You can now customize BOOTP parameters for the IP interface refer to Accessing BOOTP Parameters e To edit all IP interface parameters click on Details Refer to Configuring IP Services for information about editing IP interface parameters Accessing BOOTP Parameters Use the Configuration Manager to edit BOOTP parameters for IP interfaces You access all BOOTP parameters from the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 Refer to Configuring Routers or Configuring Customer Access and Trunks BNX Software depending on the type of installed software for instructions on accessing this window 2 8 Configuring BOOTP Services For e
16. a buffer size of 1 through your RMON network management application When you specify 1 for the capture buffer size the agent attempts to allocate a default buffer depending on the DRAM in the DCM Table 1 5 Table 1 5 Default Size for Capture Buffer Installed DRAM MB Default Size KB 2 32 4 64 8 256 16 512 You can also request a larger buffer size up to 15 MB In any case if there is not enough memory currently available to satisfy the request the agent will provide a buffer that uses all available memory You can determine the maximum number of packets that an agent can capture in a buffer as follows buffer size packet slice size 20 bytes Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Example You specify a buffer size of 32 KB and a packet slice size of 1 KB After checking the available memory the RMON agent allocates the buffer size you requested The buffer can hold a maximum of 32 768 1024 20 or 31 packets Note The RMON agent allocates the full amount of memory you specify for the packet slice size to each packet even if the packet size is smaller than this amount For this reason Bay Networks recommends that you set the packet Slice size to the smallest size possible The maximum packet size is 2 KB Enabling SNMP Services You must enable IP services to use SNMP When you enable IP services you are required to configure only a few parameters The Configuration Man
17. between an input interface and a BOOTP server By defining such a relationship you can Improve the efficiency of BOOTREQUEST packet relay Transmit BOOTREQUEST packets through unnumbered output interfaces 2 17 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services To specify servers for BOOTP services 1 Click on Pref Serv in the BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window refer to Figure 2 4 The BOOTP Relay Agent Preferred Server Table window appears Figure 2 9 KM EE Enable Disable Target Name Pass Through Mode Figure 2 9 BOOTP Relay Agent Preferred Server Table Window 2 Click on Add The BOOTP Preferred Server Configuration window appears Figure 2 10 2 18 Configuring BOOTP Services pT tre Serer Configuration Cance RN Help fel Agent IP fedrene V Target Server IP Address Figure 2 10 BOOTP Preferred Server Configuration Window 3 Enter values for the Relay Agent IP Address and the Target Server IP Address parameters Use the descriptions that follow as a guide 4 Click on OK The BOOTP Relay Agent Preferred Server Table window now shows the address pair you added and default values for the Enable Disable and Pass Through Mode parameters 5 Edit the Enable Disable and Pass Through Mode parameters if you want Use the descriptions that follow as a guide 6 Click on Done to exit the window 2 19 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Paramet
18. interface addresses and polling periods This group places the statistical samples in the etherHistoryTable Host Group The Host group identifies hosts on the network by recording the source and destination MAC addresses in good packets and places the information in the hostTable This group also records the time it discovered a host on the network in the hostTimeTable The hostControlTable specifies control parameters such as which monitoring operations the DCM performs and contains some information about the monitoring process HostTopN Group The HostTopN group ranks hosts according to a statistic type For example you might want to rank the hosts by the number of errors they generate Control parameters for this group appear in the hostTopNControl Table and data this group generates appears in the hostTopNTable To use the HostTopN group you must set up the Host group 1 4 Configuring SNMP Services Matrix Group The Matrix group stores statistics for an interchange between interfaces at different addresses This group s control parameters such as the interface that starts the interchange appear in the matrixControlTable When the Matrix group receives information from a good packet it places data in both the matrixSDTable and the matrixDSTable Filter Group The Filter group specifies what type of packets the DCM should capture Filter control parameters such as the minimum length of the packets to capture appear
19. services to that server Using Traffic Filters For instructions on configuring traffic filters not supported by BNX software refer to Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization The following example illustrates how you can use a traffic filter to enhance BOOTP operation Example Consider a network segment that has two types of clients one set that should boot using only servers on the local network and another set that should boot from remote servers You could set up a traffic filter to drop any BOOTREQUEST packets from the first set as follows e Protocol User Datagram Protocol UDP e UDP destination port BOOTP server e User defined field for the client hardware address in the BOOTP header all MAC addresses of clients in the local group 2 6 Configuring BOOTP Services e Action DROP The user defined field has the following attributes e Reference after IP header e Offset 224 bits 7 longwords into the BOOTP header e Length depends on the media 48 bits for LANs Using Unnumbered Interfaces You can configure BOOTP services only on a numbered network interface For instructions on numbering a network interface refer to the book Configuring Routers or Configuring Customer Access and Trunks BNX Software depending on the type of installed software Although you cannot configure an unnumbered interface to accept BOOTP requests you can configure the router to transmit BOOTP requests from an u
20. supports 1 33 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Mib Objects Drog Information rSortaarstont lp DCeops fe ton Type wina Say Piers Papp ication l Pptr Bas bc Package Read lescriptidon pirori torPackage r trfddrTradkPackaps Figure 1 13 Threshold Configuration Window 3 Select the object to which you want to apply a threshold The object appears in the Object field 4 Enter the instance identifier in the Instance field 5 Click on Save The Threshold Interface Lists window appears again 6 Edit the Threshold Interface parameters Use the descriptions that follow as a guide 7 Click on Apply 8 Repeat Steps 2 through 7 for other thresholds you want to add 9 Click on Done when you have finished adding thresholds 1 34 Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Configuring SNMP Services Threshold Enable Enable Enable Disable Toggles on and off the threshold for this variable Select Enable if you want the agent to apply the threshold to this variable Select Disable if you want the agent to ignore the threshold for this variable 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 2 Threshold Low Value 0 Any integer value Sets the value of the low threshold for this variable Specify the level at
21. the parameters you want to change Use the descriptions that follow as a guide Click on Apply to implement your changes You can also perform the following procedures from this window Click on Done to exit the window Enable Disable Enable Enable Disable Specifies whether BOOTP is active on the network interface Select Enable to enable BOOTP on the network interface Select Disable to disable BOOTP on the network interface 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 1 1 2 Hops 4 1 to 16 hops Specifies the maximum number of hops from the client to the server A hop is the logical distance between two devices If the value in the hops field of a BOOTREQUEST packet is greater than the number you specify for this parameter the router drops the packet Accept the default of 4 hops or specify a number between I and 16 inclusive 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 1 1 5 2 10 Configuring BOOTP Services Parameter Timeout Secs Default 0 second Range 0 to 65535 seconds Function Specifies the minimum number of seconds that the router waits before forwarding a BOOTREQUEST packet If the value in the seconds field of a BOOTREQUEST packet is less than the value you specify for this parameter the router drops the packet Instructions Accept the default 0 or specify a number between 1 and 65535 MIB Object ID inclusive 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 1 1 6 Parameter Pass Through Mode Default BOOTP Options BOOTP DHCP BOOTP and DH
22. CP Function Specifies whether the interface relays BOOTP DHCP or BOOTP and DHCP requests Instructions Select BOOTP to relay BOOTP requests MIB Object ID Select DHCP to relay DHCP requests Select BOOTP and DHCP to relay both BOOTP and DHCP requests 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 1 1 16 Specifying Interfaces That Receive and Relay BOOTP Packets You must specify a forwarding route for BOOTREQUEST packets You can do so by defining a relationship between an interface you want to receive BOOTREQUEST packets and an interface you want to transmit BOOTREQUEST packets When you define this type of relationship the interface pair appears in the BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table window Depending on the configuration of your network you can specify e One input IP interface to forward packets to multiple output IP interfaces e Multiple input interfaces to forward to multiple output interfaces e Multiple input interfaces to forward to one output interface Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services To create the BOOTP relay agent forwarding table begin at the BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window refer to Figure 2 4 and proceed as follows 1 Click on Forward I F The BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table window appears Figure 2 5 FT 10224 P 979 e D Done Enable Nissble Paes Through Scie means that you have not configured the IP interface on the router Figure 2 5 BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table Wind
23. Community the Software Directive dated 14 May 1991 as may be amended from time to time shall apply for interoperability purposes Licensee must notify Bay Networks in writing of any such intended examination of the Software and Bay Networks may provide review and assistance Notwithstanding any foregoing terms to the contrary if licensee licenses the Bay Networks product Site Manager licensee may duplicate and install the Site Manager product as specified in the Documentation This right is granted solely as necessary for use of Site Manager on hardware installed with licensee s network This license will automatically terminate upon improper handling of Software such as by disclosure or Bay Networks may terminate this license by written notice to licensee if licensee fails to comply with any of the material provisions of this license and fails to cure such failure within thirty 30 days after the receipt of written notice from Bay Networks Upon termination of this license licensee shall discontinue all use of the Software and return the Software and Documentation including all copies to Bay Networks Licensee s obligations under this license shall survive expiration or termination of this license Bay Networks Inc 4401 Great America Parkway Santa Clara CA 95054 8 Federal Street Billerica MA 01821 Contents About This Guide Software Suites una Kaker ba eee ee ee xiii fie Te EE xiv Bay Networks Customer Support
24. Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Router Software Version 10 0 Site Manager Software Version 4 0 Software Version BNX 6 0 Site Manager Software Version BNX 6 0 Part No 112923 Rev A January 1996 a Bay Networks ES Bay Networks 4401 Great America Parkway 8 Federal Street Santa Clara CA 95054 Billerica MA 01821 Copyright 1988 1996 Bay Networks Inc All rights reserved Printed in the USA January 1996 The information in this document is subject to change without notice The statements configurations technical data and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable but are presented without express or implied warranty Users must take full responsibility for their applications of any products specified in this document The information in this document is proprietary to Bay Networks Inc The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may only be used in accordance with the terms of that license A summary of the Software License is included in this document Restricted Rights Legend Use duplication or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c 1 Gi of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 Notice for All Other Executive Agencies Notwithstanding any other license agreement that may pertain to or accompany the delivery of this com
25. GetResponse PDU which that station logs as an SNMP SET ERROR message Select Enable to prohibit the agent from responding to simultaneous SNMP SET commands from multiple network management stations Select Disable to allow the agent to respond to simultaneous SNMP SET commands from multiple network management stations 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 1 2 1 22 Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Configuring SNMP Services Lock TimeOut 2 minutes 1 to 60 minutes Specifies the maximum number of minutes the agent allows an idle network management station to hold a lock on it During this time the agent locks out SNMP SET command from other network management stations The lock timer is reset each time the locking manager issues an SNMP SET command Enter the number of minutes only if you set Use Lock to Enable 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 1 4 Authentication Failure Traps Enable Enable Disable Specifies whether the router attempts to generate an Authentication Failure trap when it receives an SNMP message from an SNMP manager falsely claiming to be in a particular community or specifying an unknown community Select Enable to enable the router to generate Authentication Failure traps If you select Enable you must configure an SNMP manager to receive the trap You configure a trap from the Trap Configuration window
26. Repeat Steps 2 through 5 for other slots you want to configure 7 Click on Save Configuring Exceptions You can configure up to 50 exceptions which specify that the SNMP agent always sends or never sends certain traps to the network management station regardless of the settings in the Trap Configuration window and regardless of slot To add an exception begin at the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 and complete the following steps 1 Select Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Trap Configuration gt Exceptions The Traps Exceptions Lists window appears Figure 1 15 1 41 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Aluaygo Hever Trap Figure 1 15 Traps Exceptions Lists Window 2 Click on Add The Add Trap window appears Figure 1 16 Lance Entity Code Event Code Almays Hever Trap Figure 1 16 Add Trap Window 3 Edit the parameters Use the descriptions that follow as a guide 4 Click on OK 1 42 Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Configuring SNMP Services Entity Code None Any valid entity code Specifies the entity code for the event for which you want to configure an exception Enter the entity code of the event for which you want to configure an exception Refe
27. You can view and change many entries in a control table Data tables contain statistics the agent obtains and usually you can only view entries in these tables Some of the groups work together to provide a particular RMON function For example the History Control group and Ethernet History group together provide the history capability in the RMON agent for the DCM The following sections indicate the function of each group and the tables that each group defines Refer to RFC 1757 for the following information e A list of all the parameters that appear in a control table e The read write status of a control parameter e The default values for control parameters with read write status e A list of all the objects that appear in a data table Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Ethernet Statistics Group The Ethernet Statistics group records data that the DCM measures on network interfaces The DCM creates one entry for each Ethernet interface it monitors on a device and places the entry in the EtherStatsTable The EtherStatsTable also contains control parameters for this group History Control Group The History Control group manages the periodic statistical sampling of data from networks This group specifies control parameters such as the frequency of data sampling in the historyControlTable Ethernet History Group The Ethernet History group records periodic statistical samples from Ethernet networks for example
28. able Disable parameter to Disable 3 Click on OK This action disables RARP on all router interfaces Deleting RARP Globally To globally delete RARP from all router interfaces on which it is configured begin at the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 and proceed as follows 1 Select Protocols gt IP gt Reverse ARP gt Delete RARP The following confirmation window appears Figure 4 6 EL EE Keser D Do you HEALY want to delete AARP completely from thie router Cancel Figure 4 6 Confirmation Window for Deleting RARP 2 Click on OK This action deletes RARP from all interfaces on the router 4 8 SNMP Parameters Appendix A Default Parameter Settings Tables A 1 through A 6 list the Site Manager default parameter settings for SNMP Table A 1 SNMP Global Parameters Parameter Default Enable Enable Use Lock Enable Lock TimeOut 2 minutes Authentication Failure Traps Enable Table A 2 SNMP Community Parameters Parameter Default Community Name None Access Read Only Table A 3 SNMP Manager Parameters Parameter Default Trap Port 162 Trap Types Generic A 1 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Table A 4 SNMP Threshold Global Parameters Parameter Default Polling Interval 60s Table A 5 SNMP Threshold Interface Parameters Parameter Default Thr
29. access all SNMP parameters from the Configuration Manager window Figure 1 3 Refer to the book Configuring Routers or Configuring Customer Access and Trunks BNX Software depending on the type of installed software for instructions on accessing this window For each SNMP parameter this chapter provides information about default settings valid parameter options the parameter function instructions for setting the parameter and the Management Information Base MIB object ID The Technician Interface allows you to modify parameters by issuing set and commit commands with the MIB object ID This process is equivalent to modifying parameters using Site Manager For more information about using the Technician Interface to access the MIB refer to Using Technician Interface Software Caution The Technician Interface does not verify that the value you enter for a parameter is valid Entering an invalid value can corrupt your configuration 1 20 Configuring SNMP Services ae ee Configuration Mode local SNMP Agent LOCAL FILE File Mase tap ML USKZL beckpubs thalde i magett Model Backbone Link Node BLM HIH Version 44 00 Cae Used Deacription Connectors 5405 Dual Ethernet 5405 TIR 5450 Quod Ethernet 5200 Quad Sync Syntes Resource Kodule Figure 1 3 Configuration Manager Window Editing SNMP Global Parameters To edit SNMP global parameters begin at the Configuration Manager window Figure 1 3 and com
30. ach BOOTP parameter this chapter provides information about default settings valid parameter options the parameter function instructions for setting the parameter and the MIB object OID The Technician Interface allows you to modify parameters by issuing set and commit commands with the MIB object ID This process is equivalent to modifying parameters using Site Manager For more information about using the Technician Interface to access the MIB refer to Using Technician Interface Software Caution The Technician Interface does not verify that the value you enter for a parameter is valid Entering an invalid value can corrupt your configuration Editing BOOTP Relay Agent Parameters To edit BOOTP relay agent parameters begin at the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 and proceed as follows 1 Select Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table The BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window appears Figure 2 4 This window lists all the IP interfaces that you have configured for BOOTP services on the router Forusrd Let Client Let Pref Sere Figure 2 4 BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table Window 2 9 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Click on the interface for which you want to edit BOOTP parameters Edit
31. aches one of the three thresholds Select Absolute if you want the agent to generate a threshold event when the value of the variable reaches one of the three thresholds 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 12 1 37 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Threshold Action Greaterthan Greaterthan Lessthan Specifies when the agent generates a threshold event Select Greaterthan if you want to record threshold events when the value of the variable is greater than the threshold specified Select Lessthan if you want to record threshold events when the value of the variable is less than the threshold specified 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 13 Threshold Max Successive Alarms 5 Any integer value Specifies the maximum number of successive alarms that the agent generates for this variable A successive alarm represents two or more polling periods when the agent generates an alarm as a result of an exception at the same threshold level Specify the maximum number of successive alarms When the agent exceeds the maximum number of alarms it marks the threshold as held The agent generates no more alarms until the variable either crosses the threshold at a different level or crosses no threshold for the number of polling intervals equal to the value of the Threshold HoldDown
32. acket to the server A DHCPRELEASE packet contains the relinquished IP address in the client IP address field and the client s MAC address in the client hardware address field Acquiring the Same IP Address Again A client may want to reuse an IP address that a server allocated earlier by DHCP or any other method In this case the interchange between client and server omits some of the steps described in the previous section and proceeds as follows 1 The client starts the interchange by broadcasting a DHCPREQUEST packet that contains its previous IP address in the client IP address field The BOOTP relay agent forwards the packet to DHCP servers on other networks DHCP servers examine the client s configuration parameters in the options field of the DHCPREQUEST packet The server that originally supplied the configuration parameters recognizes them and responds with a DHCPACK packet When a client receives a DHCPACK packet it accepts or declines the parameters as it would when receiving a new IP address If a client s request is invalid for example if the client has moved to a new network servers respond with a DHCPNAK packet If a client receives only DHCPNAK packets it must request a new IP address by broadcasting a DHCPDISCOVER packet 3 5 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Implementation Notes DHCP uses the BOOTP relay agent to forward packets When implementing DHCP on a router you nee
33. ager supplies default values for the remaining parameters This section assumes that you have read Configuring Routers or Configuring Customer Access and Trunks BNX Software depending on the type of installed software and that you have 1 Opened a configuration file 2 Specified router hardware if this is a local mode configuration file 3 Selected the link or net module connector on which you are enabling IP services or configured a WAN circuit if this connector requires one Enabling IP on an Interface When you select a link or net module connector or when you finish configuring a WAN circuit the Select Protocols window appears Figure 1 1 Note The window varies slightly according to circuit type displaying only those protocols that the circuit type supports Configuring SNMP Services Sadect Protocols i Figure 1 1 Select Protocols Window To enable IP on an interface 1 Select IP from the Select Protocols menu 2 Click on OK The IP Configuration window appears Figure 1 2 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services IP Address Subnet Heei Transmit Bast Addr lrtimberej fssoc Addr Figure 1 2 IP Configuration Window 3 Edit the parameters in the window Use the descriptions that follow as a guide Edit or accept the default values for the remaining IP interface parameters as follows To accept the default values click on OK Site Manager displays the Configuration
34. alue The number of addresses can range from 100 to 8 128 hosts depending on the DCM memory configuration Table 1 4 shows recommended values for this parameter Table 1 4 Maximum Number of Hosts Maximum Number of Installed DRAM MB Hosts 2 4 2 048 5 8 4 096 9 16 8 128 You calculate the total memory in bytes you need for the host data as follows 105 Value of the RMON Max Host parameter HostTopN Group To save memory and increase performance there is no default configuration for the HostTopN group You must create HostTopN configurations through your RMON network management application You can create as many HostTopN configurations as memory permits up to the RMON limit of 65 535 configurations Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Note Before you create a HostTopN configuration you must create a Host configuration Each HostTopN configuration requires 164 bytes The HostTopN data requires 10 bytes of memory per host address the DCM detects on a segment You calculate the total memory in bytes you need for the HostTopN data as follows 10 Value for the RMON Max Host parameter Refer to the previous section for information on setting the RMON Max Host parameter Matrix Group When you enable the DCM the default setting Enabled for the RMON Default Matrix parameter causes the DCM to set up a Matrix configuration To prevent creation of a Matrix configuration set the
35. arget server it broadcasts a DHCPREQUEST packet The DHCPREQUEST packet contains the address of the target server in the server IP address field 6 The router receives the packet and forwards it to all servers 7 Those servers examine the packet and if their IP addresses differ from the value in the server IP address field they reclaim the IP addresses they supplied in the DHCPOFFER packets These addresses are now available for other clients 8 The target server recognizes its IP address in the server IP address field and responds to the DHCPREQUEST packet as follows e Ifthe target server can supply the requested configuration parameters it sends a DHCPACK packet to the client through the BOOTP relay agent The client examines the configuration parameters in the DHCPACK packet and records the duration of the lease period If the client detects a problem with the configuration parameters it sends a DHCPDECLINE packet to the server and issues a new DHCPDISCOVER packet Otherwise the client accepts the configuration parameters 3 4 Configuring DHCP Services e Ifthe target server cannot supply the requested configuration parameters it sends a DHCPNAK packet to the client through the BOOTP relay agent When the client receives the DHCPNAK packet it broadcasts a new DHCPDISCOVER packet and the process begins again A client may choose to relinquish its IP address before the lease period expires by sending a DHCPRELEASE p
36. atistics group 1 4 1 11 Event Code parameter 1 43 event messages 1 8 exceptions configuring 1 41 deleting 1 44 F Filter group 1 5 1 15 filtering BOOTP and DHCP packets 2 5 2 6 H History Control group 1 4 1 12 Hops parameter 2 10 Host group 1 4 1 12 HostTopN group 1 4 1 13 implementation notes for BOOTP 2 5 to 2 7 for DHCP 3 6 for SNMP 1 6 to 1 16 Input IP Address parameter 2 13 interoperability issues for RMON 1 10 to 1 16 IP address acquiring through DHCP services 3 1 to 3 5 acquiring through RARP services 4 1 configuration parameters acquiring 3 1 parameters See IP parameters Index 2 IP Address parameter for BOOTP 2 17 for IP 1 19 for RARP 4 7 IP parameters IP Address 1 19 Subnet Mask 1 19 Transmit Beast Addr 1 19 UnNumbered Assoc Address 1 20 L Lock TimeOut parameter 1 23 MAC Address for RARP 4 7 managers for SNMP adding 1 27 deleting 1 31 editing 1 29 Matrix group 1 5 1 14 memory use for configuring thresholds 1 9 for RMON 1 10 to 1 16 O Output IP Address parameter 2 14 P packet BOOTP 2 1 to 2 4 filtering 2 5 2 6 DHCP 3 2 to 3 5 filtering 2 5 2 6 Packet Capture group 1 5 1 15 parameters See BOOTP parameters See IP parameters See RARP parameters See SNMP parameters Pass Through Mode parameter 2 6 for BOOTP preferred server table 2 21 for BOOTP relay agent forwarding table 2 15 for BOOTP relay agent interface ta
37. ble 2 11 Polling Interval parameter 1 32 R RARP defining the mapping table for 4 5 overview of protocol 4 1 RARP parameters defaults A 4 Enable Disable 4 8 IP Address 4 7 MAC Address 4 7 Relay Agent IP Address parameter 2 20 relay agent See BOOTP Remote network monitoring See RMON Request for Comments 1757 1 2 1 3 Reverse Address Resolution Protocol See RARP RIP 1 20 RMON agent 1 3 control parameters 1 3 control tables 1 3 data tables 1 3 groups 1 3 to 1 5 interoperability issues 1 10 to 1 16 memory use 1 10 to 1 16 router mode setting 2 5 S setting the router mode 2 5 Simple Network Management Protocol See SNMP SNMP applications or managers 1 1 communities 1 2 community adding 1 24 Index 3 SNMP continued deleting 1 26 editing 1 26 community members configuring 1 27 to 1 31 enabling 1 16 implementation notes for 1 6 to 1 16 network elements 1 1 overview of protocol 1 1 parameters See SNMP parameters security 1 2 traps 1 1 1 9 SNMP parameters accessing 1 20 community Access 1 26 Community Name 1 25 defaults A 1 global Authentication Failure Traps 1 23 editing 1 21 to 1 23 Enable 1 22 Lock TimeOut 1 23 Use Lock 1 22 manager Trap Port 1 30 Trap Types 1 30 threshold global Polling Interval 1 32 threshold interface Threshold Action 1 38 Threshold Enable 1 35 Threshold High Event Level 1 37 Threshold High Value 1 36 Thresh
38. c requirements Use the remaining sections in this chapter as a guide Specifying Interfaces That Receive and Relay DHCP Packets You must specify a forwarding route for DHCP packets You can do so by defining a relationship between an interface you configured to receive DHCP packets and an interface you want to transmit DHCP packets 3 7 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services When you define this type of relationship the interface pair appears in the BOOTP relay agent forwarding table Refer to Specifying Interfaces That Receive and Relay BOOTP Packets in Chapter 2 for instructions Be sure to set the Pass Through Mode parameter in the BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table window refer to Figure 2 5 to DHCP or BOOTP and DHCP to allow DHCP operation Specifying Servers for DHCP Services You can improve the efficiency of the packet forwarding process or transmit DHCP packets through unnumbered interfaces by specifying servers for DHCP services Refer to Specifying Servers for BOOTP Services in Chapter 2 for instructions Be sure to set the Pass Through Mode parameter in the BOOTP Relay Agent Preferred Server Table window refer to Figure 2 9 to DHCP or BOOTP and DHCP to allow DHCP operation Deleting DHCP from an IP Interface To delete DHCP from an IP interface while maintaining BOOTP on that interface set the Pass Through Mode parameter in the BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window refer to Figur
39. client needs to acquire an IP address the following interchange takes place 1 The client broadcasts a RARP request specifying its MAC address 2 Upon receiving a RARP request the router refers to its MAC address to IP address mapping table then sends the client a response packet containing the corresponding IP address 3 The client examines the response packet to learn its IP address You can configure RARP support on Ethernet Token Ring and Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI interfaces Enabling RARP Services This section describes how to enable IP and RARP services simultaneously If you want to add RARP to a circuit on which you have already configured IP refer to Configuring Routers or Configuring Customer Access and Trunks BNX Software depending on the type of installed software for information on adding a protocol When you enable RARP services you are required to configure only a few parameters The Configuration Manager supplies default values for the remaining parameters This section assumes that you have read Configuring Routers or Configuring Customer Access BNX Software depending on the type of installed software and that you have 1 Opened a configuration file 2 Specified router hardware if this is a local mode configuration file 3 Selected the link or net module connector on which you are enabling IP services or configured a WAN circuit if this connector requires one 4 2 Configuring
40. d to consider the same issues you would consider when implementing BOOTP services Refer to Implementation Notes in Chapter 2 for full details Enabling DHCP Services This section describes how to enable IP BOOTP and DHCP services simultaneously If you want to add BOOTP and DHCP to a circuit on which you have already configured IP refer to Configuring Routers or Configuring Customer Access and Trunks BNX Software depending on the type of installed software for information on adding a protocol When you enable these services you are required to configure only a few parameters The Configuration Manager supplies default values for the remaining parameters This section assumes that you have read Configuring Routers or Configuring Customer Access and Trunks BNX Software depending on the type of installed software and that you have 1 Opened a configuration file 2 Specified router hardware if this is a local mode configuration file 3 Selected the link or net module connector on which you are enabling IP services or configured a WAN circuit if this connector requires one Enabling DHCP on an Interface When you select a link or net module connector or when you finish configuring a WAN circuit the Select Protocols window appears refer to Figure 1 1 Note The window varies slightly according to circuit type displaying only those protocols that the circuit type supports For each DHCP parameter this chapter provid
41. ddress Parameters ccccceesceeeseeeeeneeees A 3 Table A 10 BOOTP Preferred Server Configuration Parameters ceeeeeeee A 4 Table A 11 RARP Interface Parameters AA A 4 Table A 12 RARP Address Parameters AA A 4 xi About This Guide Read this guide to learn how to configure router or BNX software for the following services Simple Network Management Protocol or SNMP Chapter 1 Bootstrap Protocol or BOOTP Chapter 2 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol or DHCP Chapter 3 Reverse Address Resolution Protocol or RARP Chapter 4 These services all use the Internet Protocol IP for message transport To use one of these services on a router interface you must enable IP services on that interface This guide provides the following information for each service An overview of the protocol Issues you should consider when implementing the protocol Procedures for enabling the service on a Bay Networks router Procedures for tailoring parameters to meet your specific requirements Software Suites Routing and Switching software is available in the following suites The System Suite includes IP routing 802 1 Transparent Bridge Source Route Bridge Translation Bridge SNMP Agent Bay Networks HDLC PPP OSPF EGP BGP and basic DLSw The LAN Suite includes DECnet Phase 4 AppleTalk Phase 2 OSI VINES IPX and ATM DXI in addition to the System Suite xiii Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Serv
42. e 2 4 to BOOTP To delete both DHCP and BOOTP from an IP interface delete the BOOTP relay agent on that interface Refer to Deleting the BOOTP Relay Agent from an IP Interface in Chapter 2 for instructions Deleting DHCP Globally To delete DHCP globally you must delete BOOTP globally Refer to Deleting BOOTP Globally in Chapter 2 for instructions 3 8 Chapter 4 Configuring RARP Services You can use a Bay Networks router as a Reverse Address Resolution Protocol RARP server that assigns IP addresses to its clients on the local area network To configure a router as a RARP server refer to the following information in this chapter e An overview of the RARP protocol see page 4 1 e Enabling RARP services see page 4 2 e Accessing and editing RARP parameters see page 4 3 RARP Overview When you configure a router to use RARP services it acts as a RARP server A RARP server supplies clients on the same physical or logical LAN with IP addresses Figure 4 1 RARP request What is my IP address Client Router RARP Server Figure 4 1 RARP Server Supplying an IP Address 4 1 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services To use RARP services you must set up a MAC address to IP address mapping table This table lists the MAC addresses of clients and the corresponding IP addresses that the RARP server should assign to those clients When a
43. ecify the members of the community Refer to Adding a Manager later in this chapter for instructions Community Name None Any string of printable ASCII characters up to 63 characters in length including embedded spaces Specifies the name of the SNMP community Enter the SNMP community name 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 2 1 3 1 25 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Access Read Only Read Only Read Write Specifies the access privileges that the router grants to all members of this SNMP community Select Read Only to allow all members of this community to only view configuration and performance information about this router Select Read Write to allow all members of this community to both view configuration and performance information about this router and to change the router s configuration 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 2 1 4 Editing an SNMP Community To edit an SNMP community begin at the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 and complete the following steps 1 Select Protocols gt IP gt SNMPCommunities The SNMP Community List window appears refer to Figure 1 5 Select the community you want to edit Select Community gt Edit Community The SNMP Community window appears refer to Figure 1 6 You can change both the name and the access privilege for the community Refer to the previous section
44. ect Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Communities The SNMP Community List window appears refer to Figure 1 5 Select the community from which you want to delete the manager Select Community gt Managers The SNMP Manager List window for that community appears refer to Figure 1 8 Select the manager you want to delete Select Manager gt Delete Manager The Delete SNMP Manager window appears Make sure the correct manager IP address appears Click on Delete Editing Threshold Parameters You can configure thresholds for any integer counter gauge or time tick variable in the MIB Refer to the section SNMP Implementation Notes earlier in this chapter for more information about using thresholds This section describes all individual threshold parameters and how to configure the threshold polling interval Configuring the Threshold Polling Interval To set the polling interval begin at the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 and complete the following steps 1 Select Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Thresholds gt Global The Edit Thresholds Global Parameters window appears Figure 1 11 1 31 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Lance Folling Interval Figure 1 11 Edit Thresholds Global Parameters Window 2 Specify the polling interval Use the description that follows as a guide 3 Click on OK to exit the window Parameter Default Range Function Inst
45. ectedly Debug Indicates events that you use to solve network problems Threshold Example Suppose while running BNX software you want SNMP to warn you if the number of high priority Priority Level 1 packets queued for transmission is approaching the maximum number supported by an interface This maximum value is specified by the wfCctOptsCngcCfgQp1Threshold MIB object Using the threshold parameters you set a threshold for wfCctOptsCngcCfgQp1Threshold For the sake of the following example assume that wfCctOptsCngcCfgQp1Threshold is equal to 255 the maximum value for a synchronous circuit You also set the polling interval to twenty seconds to indicate that every twenty seconds the agent should check variables for which you have configured thresholds You set the threshold action to Greaterthan and set the threshold levels and severity of events to the values listed in Table 1 2 Table 1 2 Example of Threshold and Severity Settings Threshold Level Low Medium High Depth of 102 153 205 Priority 1 40 of capacity 60 of capacity 80 of capacity transmit queue Severity of INFO INFO WARNING event When you add this threshold to the MIB the agent polls the variable wfCctOptsCngcCfgQp1Threshold every twenty seconds and responds as follows e If its value is greater than 102 but less than or equal to 153 the manager logs an informational event indicating that the queue depth exceeded the l
46. ection within a book Indicates data that appears on the screen Example set Bay Networks Trap Monitor Filters Horizontal and vertical ellipsis points indicate omitted information Indicates that you enter only one of the parts of the command The vertical line separates choices Do not type the vertical line when entering the command Example If the command syntax is show at routes nets you enter either show at routes or show at nets but not both Ordering Bay Networks Publications To purchase additional copies of this document or other Bay Networks publications order by part number from Bay Networks Press at the following numbers You may also request a free catalog of Bay Networks Press product publications Phone FAX U S Canada FAX International 1 800 845 9523 1 800 582 8000 1 916 939 1010 xvii Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Acronyms ASN 1 BOOTP CMIP DCM DHCP FDDI IP MAC PDU PVCs RARP RIP RMON SNMP TFTP UDP Abstract Syntax Notation One Bootstrap Protocol Common Management Information Protocol data collection module Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Fiber Distributed Data Interface Internet Protocol Media Access Control protocol data unit permanent virtual circuits Reverse Address Resolution Protocol Routing Information Protocol remote monitoring Simple Network Management Protocol Trivial File Transfer Protocol User Datagram P
47. ed by technical staff and can be a source for problem solving and shared experiences Customers and resellers holding Bay Networks service contracts can visit the special libraries to acquire advanced levels of support documentation and software To open an account and receive a local dial up number call CompuServe at 1 800 524 3388 and ask for Representative No 591 e Inthe United Kingdom call Freephone 0800 289378 In Germany call 0130 37 32 In Europe except for the United Kingdom and Germany call 44 272 760681 e Outside the U S Canada and Europe call 614 529 1349 and ask for Representative No 591 or consult your listings for an office near you Once you are online you can reach our forum by typing the command GO BAYNETWORKS at any prompt XV Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services InfoFACTS InfoFACTS is the Bay Networks free 24 hour fax on demand service This automated system contains libraries of technical and product documents designed to help you manage and troubleshoot your Bay Networks products The system can return a fax copy to the caller or to a third party within minutes of being accessed World Wide Web The World Wide Web WWW is a global information system for file distribution and online document viewing via the Internet You need a direct connection to the Internet and a Web Browser such as Mosaic or Netscape Bay Networks maintains a WWW Home Page that you can acce
48. efer to Enabling RARP Services for instructions 4 3 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services You access all RARP parameters from the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 See Configuring Routers or Configuring Customer Access and Trunks BNX Software depending on the type of installed software for instructions on accessing this window For each RARP parameter this chapter provides information about default settings valid parameter options the parameter function instructions for setting the parameter and the MIB object ID The Technician Interface allows you to modify parameters by issuing set and commit commands with the MIB object ID This process is equivalent to modifying parameters using Site Manager For more information about using the Technician Interface to access the MIB refer to Using Technician Interface Software Caution The Technician Interface does not verify that the value you enter for a parameter is valid Entering an invalid value can corrupt your configuration Disabling and Re Enabling RARP Interfaces To disable or re enable individual RARP interfaces begin at the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 and proceed as follows 1 Select Protocols gt IP gt Reverse ARP gt Interface Table The RARP Interface Table window appears Figure 4 2 This window lists all RARP interfaces configured on the router 2 Click on the RARP interface you want to select fro
49. efines both parameters for recording statistics and the actual statistics themselves The purposes of RMON include e Monitoring network performance You can configure the DCM to continuously perform diagnostics and monitor network performance If a network failure occurs the DCM can store statistical information about the failure The management stations can use this information to investigate the cause of the failure e Detecting and reporting problems You can configure the DCM to recognize and continuously check for error conditions 1 2 Configuring SNMP Services e Collecting information for problem solving You can configure the DCM to give management stations information they need to solve problems For instance the DCM can identify the hosts on a network that generate the most traffic or errors Refer to SNMP Implementation Notes later in this chapter for issues you should consider when using a DCM for RMON The RMON Groups The RMON agent runs on the DCM in the 8 port ANH and comprises a set of MIB groups RFC 1757 defines the function and organization of these groups Bay Networks implements the following groups in its RMON agent for the 8 port ANH e Ethernet Statistics e History Control e Ethernet History e Host s HostTopN e Matrix e Filter e Packet Capture RMON groups contain control and data tables Control tables contain control parameters that specify which statistics you want to access
50. en you configure the router for BOOTP services If the BOOTP packet has to travel to a network through another router you must specify the forwarding route using one of the following methods e Configure the second router for BOOTP services In this case the second router inspects the packet in the same way as the first router and increments the hops field by 1 The second router will not however replace the address in the gateway IP address field since servers will reply to the first router that received the BOOTREQUEST packet Configure the first router to forward the BOOTREQUEST packet to a specific server In this case the router will unicast the BOOTREQUEST packet to the server through normal IP services Servers on other networks receive the BOOTREQUEST packet and respond with a BOOTREPLY packet Those servers transmit the BOOTREPLY packets through normal IP services to the address of the first interface that received the BOOTREQUEST packet That address appears in the gateway IP address field in the BOOTREQUEST packet When the router that first received the BOOTREQUEST packet receives the BOOTREPLY packet it examines the gateway IP address field to check that the value in this field is the same as the IP destination address that the server used for the packet If the addresses differ the router discards the BOOTREPLY packet If the router accepts the packet it examines the flag field and forwards the packet to the clie
51. er Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Relay Agent IP Address None Any valid IP address Specifies the IP interface that receives BOOTREQUEST packets from clients Enter the IP address of a numbered network interface that you want to receive BOOTREQUEST or DHCP packets from clients then configure this IP address on the router if you have not already done so Do not specify an unnumbered interface for this parameter 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 3 1 3 Target Server IP Address None Any valid IP address Specifies the address of a server that should receive BOOTREQUEST or DHCP packets Enter the IP address of the server that should receive the BOOTREQUEST or DHCP packet 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 3 1 4 Enable Disable Enable Enable Disable Specifies whether the forwarding route is active Select Enable to allow BOOTP or DHCP forwarding through this route Select Disable to prevent BOOTP or DHCP forwarding through this route 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 3 1 2 2 20 Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Configuring BOOTP Services Target Name None Any string of printable ASCII characters up to 63 characters in
52. es information about default settings valid parameter options the parameter function instructions for setting the parameter and the MIB object ID 3 6 Configuring DHCP Services The Technician Interface allows you to modify parameters by issuing set and commit commands with the MIB object ID This process is equivalent to modifying parameters using Site Manager For more information about using the Technician Interface to access the MIB refer to Using Technician Interface Software Caution The Technician Interface does not verify that the value you enter for a parameter is valid Entering an invalid value can corrupt your configuration To enable DHCP on an interface complete the following steps 1 Enable BOOTP on the interface Refer to Enabling BOOTP on an Interface in Chapter 2 for instructions Access the BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window refer to Figure 2 4 Refer to Editing BOOTP Relay Agent Parameters in Chapter 2 for instructions Set the Pass Through Mode parameter to DHCP or BOOTP and DHCP Click on Apply This action allows you to select DHCP or BOOTP and DHCP for the Pass Through Mode parameter in other windows Edit the other parameters in this window Refer to Editing BOOTP Relay Agent Parameters in Chapter 2 for guidelines Accessing and Editing DHCP Parameters When you have enabled DHCP services on a router you can configure the router software for your specifi
53. eshold Enable Enable Threshold Low Value 0 Threshold Low Event Level Info Threshold Medium Value 0 Threshold Medium Event Level Info Threshold High Value 0 Threshold High Event Level Info Threshold Units Persecond Threshold Action Greaterthan Threshold Max Successive Alarms 5 Threshold HoldDown Intervals 1 Threshold Label ASN 1 object identifier Table A 6 SNMP Trap Interface Parameters Parameter Default Entity Code None Event Code None Always Never Trap None Default Parameter Settings BOOTP and DHCP Parameters Tables A 7 through A 10 list the Site Manager default parameter settings for BOOTP and DHCP Table A 7 BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Parameters Parameter Default Enable Disable Enable Hops 4 Timeout Secs Os Pass Through Mode BOOTP Table A 8 BOOTP Addresses Parameters Parameter Default Input IP Address None Output IP Address None Enable Disable Enable Pass Through Mode BOOTP Table A 9 BOOTP Client Interface Address Parameters Parameter Default IP Address None DLCI Number None A 3 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Table A 10 BOOTP Preferred Server Configuration Parameters Parameter Default Relay Agent IP Address None Target Server IP Address None Target Name None Enable Disable Enable Pass Through Mode BOOTP RARP Pa
54. etwork 2 2 Client and Server on Different Physical Networks mrrrrrrnrrrnrnrrrnrnnnnernr 2 2 BOOTREQUEST and BOOTREPLY Pied 2 3 BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table Window 2 9 BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table Window mrrnrrnnnnnnnrnnrrnnnnnnnrenr 2 12 BOOTP Addresses Window rrnnrnrrnnnnnvnnnonrennnnvnnnrnrennnnrrenrnnenssnrnensnneneen 2 12 BOOTP Client Interface Table Window 2 16 BOOTP Client Interface Address Window urnnvrnnonvnnnnnrrnnnnvvnnnnrrnnnnnnnrenr 2 16 BOOTP Relay Agent Preferred Server Table Window xrnrrnrnnrnnnnnnnnnrnr 2 18 BOOTP Preferred Server Configuration Window rurnrvnnrnnvnnnnrrnnnnnnnnen 2 19 Identifying DHCP Servers mrrrnnnnnvvnrrvrvnnnnrnnrrrrennnnrennrnrenennrnnsrnrenessrnesnnnnne 3 2 Fields in a DHCP Packet mmrnnrnnnnnrvnnnnrrnnnnnnnnnnrrnnnnnnnnnnrrennnnnnnerrrnsnnnrenernnen 3 3 Figure 3 3 Figure 4 1 Figure 4 2 Figure 4 3 Figure 4 4 Figure 4 5 Figure 4 6 Requesting and Receiving IP Information rarnnveronrrnnnnnrnnonrrnnnnnrnnrnnnen 3 4 RARP Server Supplying an IP Address mrrrrrnannnvnnerrrvnnnnrnnrnrrennnnrnnennren 4 1 RAPP Interface Table Window rernnrnnannnvnrnnrrnnnnnvnnnnrrvnnnnnnnrrrrennnnrensrnnen 4 5 RARP Map Table Window rrrrnannrvnrnnvrnnnnnvnnnnrrennnnvnnerrrennnnrnnerrressnnrensnnnen 4 6 RARP Addresses Window 4 6 Edit RARP Global Parameters Window rrernnvnnnnnvvnnnnvrnnnnnvnrnnrrennnnvnnennne 4 8 Confi
55. forward packets Refer to Chapter 3 for further information on DHCP To reduce network traffic you may want to control whether an interface transmits BOOTP packets DHCP packets or both BOOTP and DHCP packets For example you may want to set a filter to prevent BOOTP traffic from traversing a network segment that contains DHCP servers but not BOOTP servers 2 5 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services You configure this type of filter by setting the Pass Through Mode parameter This parameter appears in several windows you use to configure BOOTP services The default setting is BOOTP and allows the interface to transmit only BOOTP packets Be sure to change the setting if you want to transmit DHCP messages Improving the Efficiency of Packet Relay You can improve the efficiency of the BOOTP packet relay process by e Specifying the addresses of BOOTP servers e Using traffic filters Specifying BOOTP Servers You specify a BOOTP server by assigning a particular BOOTP server to an output interface in the BOOT Relay Agent Preferred Server Table window refer to Figure 2 9 For instructions about this procedure refer to Specifying Servers for BOOTP Services later in this chapter In the BOOT Relay Agent Preferred Server Table window refer to Figure 2 10 you enter the IP address of the input interface on the router and the IP address of the BOOTP server The router can then unicast a BOOTREQUEST packet through normal IP
56. ge SEENEN aradin iiid iiaii a a aas 3 6 Enabling DHCP Service Sia tnr eea A An niet Aim eh nla aa 3 6 Enabling DHCP on an Interface rrrannnvnnnonrnnnnnrnnnnnnrnrnnrrnnnnnnnnrnrrenannnnnnenvenennrnnnennene 3 6 Accessing and Editing DHCP Parameters eeeeeeeeeneeeireeirresrrnssrnsstnnsrrnrrrnnsrnnnsrnee 3 7 Specifying Interfaces That Receive and Relay DHCP Packets sssssnnnesnnnnnneeeee 3 7 Specifying Servers for DHCP Services ccccsceceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeneeeseeeeseneeeeaas 3 8 Deleting DHCP from an IP Interface A 3 8 Deleting DHCP Globally 3 8 Chapter 4 Configuring RARP Services RARP ee EE 4 1 Enabling RARP Services AA 4 2 Enabling RARP on an Interface AAA 4 3 Accessing RARP Parameters AA 4 3 Disabling and Re Enabling RARP Interfaces 4 4 Defining the RARP Mapping Table 4 5 Disabling RARP Globally asrrrrnnrrrnannvnnrvrrrnnnnvnnnerrrennnrnnnenrresnsrrnnennnenssrnnesnnnnerernreennnnnnennn 4 7 Deleting RARP Globally ENEE EENS 4 8 Appendix A Default Parameter Settings SNMP Parameters iinei ae abelian sere vie bred dal Seed ene ey A 1 BOOTP and DHCP Parameters uuuukanientn Aeneiden aent A 3 RARP P r meter ia vvs EEA REEE E EEE E EEA E EE A 4 Index vii Figure 1 1 Figure 1 2 Figure 1 3 Figure 1 4 Figure 1 5 Figure 1 6 Figure 1 7 Figure 1 8 Figure 1 9 Figure 1 10 Figure 1 11 Figure 1 12 Figure 1 13 Figure 1 14 Figure 1 15 Figure 1 16 Figure 2 1 Figure 2 2 F
57. gurations as memory permits up to the RMON limit of 65 535 configurations Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services If you create multiple configurations it is possible to collect the same set of statistics for the same interface in multiple data tables The absolute values of those statistics may vary from table to table since the baseline of each statistics counter occurs when you create a configuration You may prefer however to use only one Statistics configuration to conserve memory for other RMON groups You need 200 bytes of memory for each Statistics configuration History Group When you enable the DCM the RMON agent automatically creates a History configuration that collects History data at two intervals The first configuration provides short term history by sampling statistics every 30 seconds and holding up to 50 samples in RMON terms buckets The second configuration provides long term history by sampling statistics every 30 minutes and holding up to 50 buckets Through your RMON network management application you can create as many History configurations as memory permits up to the RMON limit of 65 535 configurations You can also set the number of buckets a particular History configuration uses to as many as available memory allows If you request more buckets than memory allows the agent allocates enough buckets to fill available memory You need 504 bytes of memory for each History configuratio
58. hen you enable a DCM you automatically set up RMON Statistics and History configurations you can also choose to set up Matrix and Host configurations Use Site Manager to enable a DCM refer to Connecting AN and ANH Systems to a Network for details To set up other RMON configurations and to view RMON Statistics use Optivity LAN or a third party RMON network management application You can use the Technician Interface to modify DCM or RMON parameters by issuing set and commit commands with the MIB object ID This process is equivalent to modifying parameters using Site Manager For more information about using the Technician Interface to access the MIB refer to Using Technician Interface Software Caution The Technician Interface does not verify that the value you enter for a parameter is valid Entering an invalid value can corrupt your configuration In addition be sure to avoid running scripts that continually issue Technician Interface commands while you are running another RMON network management application This combination can cause the SNMP agent to fill the system buffers with RMON data leading to a system restart Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Read the following sections to learn about RMON memory use and interoperability issues you should consider when using RMON network management applications with the DCM These sections assume that you have a good understanding of each RMON group and do not refer
59. hold State of a Threshold If the collision rate stays above a threshold for an extended period of time the agent continues to generate a new event every five seconds You can specify the maximum number of event messages you want the agent to generate before it changes the threshold s state to held When the threshold is in a held state the agent does not generate new events unless the statistic exceeds the threshold at a different level If the statistic does not exceed any threshold for a specified number of polling periods the agent no longer considers the threshold held 1 8 Traps RMON Configuring SNMP Services Memory Considerations Polling statistics to determine whether they have reached a threshold and reporting events when variables exceed thresholds requires router processing capacity When you set more thresholds and use shorter polling intervals the performance of the router will probably decline Using the SNMP trap parameters you can configure which event log messages the agent sends to the network management station as traps You select the traps the agent sends based on slot protocol entity and severity level You can also specify up to 50 exceptions traps that the agent always sends or never sends regardless of slot and regardless of how you configure the trap parameters Refer to Editing Trap Parameters later in this chapter for information on how to specify which traps the agent sends W
60. ices Audience e The WAN Suite includes ATM DXI Frame Relay LAPB and X 25 in addition to the System Suite e The Corporate Suite includes the System LAN and WAN suites in their entirety e The ARE ATM Suite provides RFC 1483 and 1577 compliance ATM UNI 3 0 signaling in addition to the LAN Suite e The ARE VNR Corporate Suite provides ATM Forum LAN Emulation in addition to the ARE ATM Suite and Corporate Suite e The BNX Suite includes IP Routing SNMP Agent Bay Networks HDLC PPP OSPF EGP BGP File Based Performance Statistics Frame Relay switching and Frame Relay billing and selected components from the Corporate ARE ATM and ARE VNR Corporate suites Availability of features and functionality described in this guide depends on the suites you are using This guide addresses system and network managers who have some experience using Site Manager software to configure Bay Networks routers If you have never used Site Manager software to configure Bay Networks routers read Using Site Manager Software and Configuring Routers or Configuring Customer Access and Trunks BNX Software depending on the type of installed software before you use this guide Bay Networks Customer Support Bay Networks provides live telephone technical support to our distributors resellers and service contracted customers from two U S and three international support centers If you have purchased your Bay Networks product from a distribut
61. if you want medium threshold exceptions to generate events that indicate an unexpected situation occurred Select Debug if you want medium threshold exceptions to generate events you use to solve network problems 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 8 Threshold High Value 0 Any integer value Sets the value of the high threshold for this variable Specify the level at which you want the agent to generate a high threshold exception event 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 9 1 36 Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Configuring SNMP Services Threshold High Event Level Info Info Warning Debug Specifies the severity level of the event message the agent generates when a variable exceeds the high threshold Select Info if you want high threshold exceptions to generate routine events that require no action Select Warning if you want high threshold exceptions to generate events that indicate an unexpected situation occurred Select Debug if you want high threshold exceptions to generate events you use to solve network problems 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 10 Threshold Units Persecond Persecond Absolute Specifies the units used to determine whether a variable has exceeded a threshold Select Persecond if you want the agent to generate a threshold event when the variable s rate of change per second re
62. ights Bay Networks will not grant any Software license whatsoever either explicitly or implicitly except by acceptance of an order for either Software or for a Bay Networks product Equipment that is packaged with Software Each such license is subject to the following restrictions 1 Upon delivery of the Software Bay Networks grants to licensee a personal nontransferable nonexclusive license to use the Software with the Equipment with which or for which it was originally acquired including use at any of licensee s facilities to which the Equipment may be transferred for the useful life of the Equipment unless earlier terminated by default or cancellation Use of the Software shall be limited to such Equipment and to such facility Software which is licensed for use on hardware not offered by Bay Networks is not subject to restricted use on any Equipment however unless otherwise specified on the Documentation each licensed copy of such Software may only be installed on one hardware item at any time Licensee may use the Software with backup Equipment only if the Equipment with which or for which it was acquired is inoperative Licensee may make a single copy of the Software but not firmware for safekeeping archives or backup purposes Licensee may modify Software but not firmware or combine it with other software subject to the provision that those portions of the resulting software which incorporate Software are subject
63. igure 2 3 Figure 2 4 Figure 2 5 Figure 2 6 Figure 2 7 Figure 2 8 Figure 2 9 Figure 2 10 Figure 3 1 Figure 3 2 Figures Select Protocols Window 1 17 IP Configuration Window ccccceeeeeeceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesaaeeseeeeeeeaaeeeeneeess 1 18 Configuration Manager Window rrrrnnannvnnrnvrrnnnnvnnrnrrrnnnnrnnnerresnnrnnnennren 1 21 Edit SNMP Global Parameters Window rarnnvnnrnrrnnnnnrnnnonvenrnnrrnnrnnnnrenr 1 21 SNMP Community List Window 1 24 SNMP Community Window ranrrnnnnrnnnnnnvnnrnrrnnnnnvnnrerrrnennrnenerrressnrnnnennren 1 25 Delete SNMP Community Window rrrnrnnrrnnnnnvnnnrrrnnannrnnnrnrennrnrrnnsnneneen 1 27 SNMP Manager List Window rernnrnnnnnnvnnrvrrrnnnnvnnrsrrrennnrnnnerrrensnrnnsennren 1 28 Add SNMP Manager Window 1 28 SNMP Manager Window rrrrnenvrvnnnvrnnnnnvvnrnrrrnnnnnnnrerrresnnnnenerrresnnnnnsennnen 1 29 Edit Thresholds Global Parameters Window rrnrrrnannrnnnonrvnnnnrrnnnnvnnnenr 1 32 Thresholds Interface Lists Window arrrrrnnnnnnnvrvnnnnnnnrrnnnnnnnrrrnnnennnrrnnnenn 1 33 Threshold Configuration Window rrrrnrnrrvnnnnvnnnnvrnnnnnrnnnnnrenrnnrnennnnnnnennne 1 34 Trap Configuration Window ernnrrnennnvnnnnrrvnnnnvnnnonrennnnrnnnnnnnnrnrrnenennnnnennne 1 40 Traps Exceptions Lists Window rrnnnnnnnvrrnnnnnnnvrnnnnnnnnvrnnnnnnsrrrnneennnrrnnnen 1 42 Add Trap Window si carie ei i ea inana aaa OE Er AAA 1 42 Client and Server on the Same Physical N
64. in the filterTable Associated with each filter is a channel a specific path along which data flows Control parameters in the channelTable define how and where the filtered packets flow Packet Capture Group The Packet Capture group enables the capture of packets that satisfy the Filter group control parameters Control parameters in the bufferControlTable specify how to transfer data from the channelTable to the captureBufferTable For example you can specify the maximum number of octets from each packet that the group should store in the captureBufferTable To use the Packet Capture group you must set up the Filter group For More Information about SNMP The following documents provide more detail about SNMP design and implementation Rose Marshall T The Simple Book Englewood Cliffs New Jersey Prentice Hall Inc 1991 Stallings William SVMP SNMP v2 and CMIP The Practical Guide to Network Management Standards Reading Massachusetts Addison Wesley Publishing Co Inc 1993 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services SNMP Implementation Notes This section contains information about features specific to the Bay Networks implementation of SNMP Internet Protocol IP Thresholds SNMP uses the User Datagram Protocol UDP to transport its messages You must enable IP in order to use UDP and SNMP SNMP uses a MIB Management Information Base to manage the router The MIB includes an extensive collec
65. lays the entry you defined 5 Click on Done to exit the window 4 6 Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Configuring RARP Services MAC Address None Any valid MAC address Specifies the MAC address of a client that will use the RARP services of this router The client will include the MAC address you specify here in RARP requests it broadcasts to the router Enter the MAC address of a client 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 9 2 1 2 IP Address 0 0 0 0 Any valid IP address Specifies the corresponding IP address for the client with the MAC address you specify When the router receives a RARP request from the client the router assigns this IP address to the client and includes it in a response packet Enter the IP address corresponding to the value of the MAC Address parameter Do not accept the default value 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 9 2 1 3 Disabling RARP Globally To globally disable RARP from all router interfaces on which it is configured begin at the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 and proceed as follows Select Protocols gt IP gt Reverse ARP gt Globals The Edit RARP Global Parameters window appears Figure 4 5 1 4 7 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Od ee betal eet EnabloTisablo Figure 4 5 Edit RARP Global Parameters Window 2 Set the En
66. le 1 3 DRAM and RMON Memory Size Installed DRAM MB RMON Memory in Bytes 2 162 578 4 2 077 330 8 5 222 034 16 12 561 042 Note If the RMON memory pool is full or if the RMON agent reaches an implementation limit the agent responds to an SNMP SET command on an RMON control table entry with an SNMP GEN ERROR The following sections describes how much memory you need to e Configure an RMON group for example to configure the Matrix group or to configure Filter and Packet Capture groups e Store the data for an RMON group for example to store the packets a DCM captures In the following sections the word configuration means the set of control tables for a group For example a Matrix configuration includes only the matrixControlTable Note that you can create more than one configuration for some RMON groups For example you can create more than one History configuration allowing you to specify different intervals for sampling statistics Interoperability Issues and Memory Use for RMON Groups You should understand the following issues about each RMON group s memory requirements and ability to operate with third party RMON network management applications Statistics Group When you enable the DCM the RMON agent automatically creates a Statistics configuration that records data for each network interface Through your RMON network management application you can create as many Statistics confi
67. length including embedded spaces Specifies the target server s host name If you want to keep track of the names of BOOTP or DHCP servers enter the target server s host name 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 3 1 5 Pass Through Mode BOOTP BOOTP DHCP BOOTP and DHCP Specifies whether the interface relays BOOTP DHCP or BOOTP and DHCP requests Select BOOTP to relay BOOTP requests Select DHCP to relay DHCP requests Select BOOTP and DHCP to relay both BOOTP and DHCP requests 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 3 1 6 2 21 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Deleting the BOOTP Relay Agent from an IP Interface To delete a BOOTP relay agent begin at the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 and proceed as follows 1 Select Protocols gt IPSBOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table The BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window appears refer to Figure 2 4 2 Click on the interface from which you want to delete BOOTP 3 Click on Delete This action deletes the BOOTP relay agent and all of the forwarding table entries that you specified from the selected interface Deleting BOOTP Globally To globally delete BOOTP on the router begin at the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 and proceed as follows 1 Select Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP gt Delete 2 Click on Delete This action deletes BOOTP from all interfaces on the router 2 22 Chapter 3 Configuring DHCP Services Using Dynamic
68. m the list of interfaces 3 Set the Enable Disable parameter Use the descriptions that follow as a guide 4 Click on Apply to implement your change 5 Click on Done to exit the window 4 4 Configuring RARP Services a Je Appi TALUT is Helpi Enel y Tino Figure 4 2 RARP Interface Table Window Parameter Enable Disable Default Enable Options Enable Disable Function Re enables or disables the RARP interface you selected from the list of interfaces Instructions Select Enable to re enable a disabled interface Select Disable to disable an interface MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 9 3 1 2 Defining the RARP Mapping Table To define the router s MAC address to IP address RARP mapping table begin at the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 and proceed as follows 1 Select Protocols gt IPReverse ARP gt Map Table The RARP Map Table window appears Figure 4 3 This window lists the clients on the network that can use the router s RARP services 4 5 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Apply et ss Figure 4 3 RARP Map Table Window 2 Click on Add to add a new entry to the table The RARP Addresses window appears Figure 4 4 Lance Figure 4 4 RARP Addresses Window 3 Specify a MAC address and a corresponding IP address for the client Use the descriptions that follow as a guide 4 Click on OK The RARP Map Table window now disp
69. n 252 bytes each for the short term and long term History configurations The History data requires 52 bytes of memory per bucket You calculate the total memory in bytes you need to store the data as follows Number of buckets 52 2 History configurations This calculation shows that you need approximately 5 1 KB for the default setting of 50 buckets Host Group When you enable the DCM the default setting Enabled for the RMON Default Host parameter creates a Host configuration To prevent creation of a Host configuration set the RMON Default Host parameter to Disable before you enable the DCM refer to Connecting AN and ANH Systems to a Network for details Configuring SNMP Services Some RMON network management applications expect the DCM to set up a Host configuration while others set up their own configurations Note The RMON agent allows you to create only one Host configuration Be sure to set the RMON Default Host parameter according to the expectations of the RMON network management application The Host configuration requires 148 bytes The Host data requires 105 bytes of memory per host address the DCM detects on a segment You specify the maximum number of host addresses that appear in the Host configuration by setting the RMON Max Host parameter when you enable a DCM If there is not enough memory for the number of hosts you request the RMON agent sets the RMON Max Host parameter to the highest possible v
70. n Add The BOOTP Client Interface Address window appears Figure 2 8 BOOTP Client Interface Address Cancel OK Help DLCI Number Figure 2 8 BOOTP Client Interface Address Window 3 Enter values for the IP Address and DLCI Number parameters Use the descriptions that follow as a guide 2 16 Configuring BOOTP Services Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Click on OK The BOOTP Client Interface Table window now lists the client IP interface and the DLCI number you added Click on Done to exit the window IP Address None Any valid IP address Specifies the IP address of the remote AN that will boot using EZ Install over a Frame Relay group access PVC connection to the router Enter the IP address of the remote AN 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 1 1 1 3 DLCI Number None 16 to 1007 Specifies the Frame Relay PVC identification number whose destination is the remote AN that will boot using EZ Install The Frame Relay network uses the DLCI number to direct data flow Enter the DLCI number in decimal format for the group access PVC to the remote AN Use the DLCI number assigned by your Frame Relay service provider 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 1 1 1 2 Specifying Servers for BOOTP Services You must specify a forwarding route for BOOTREQUEST packets You can do so by defining a relationship
71. ng IP on an Interface A 1 16 Accessing SNMP GE 1 20 Editing SNMP Global Parameters rmmurnrrnnonnvnnnnrrvnnnnrnnrnrrenannrnnnerrennnnrnnnenrenersrrnnenneneen 1 21 Editing SNMP Community Parameters cccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeceeeeeesaeeseeeeeeseaaeeneneeess 1 24 Adding an SNMP Community sssssssssseessseessseessesisssiiesrirssirnsstnnsttnstnnntnnnnnnntnntennnne 1 24 Editing an SNMP Community ccccecesceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeaeeseeeeeeseaeeeeeneeesaeeeteaeeeeaas 1 26 Deleting an SNMP Community 1 26 Configuring SNMP Community Members 1 27 Adding a Manager EE 1 27 Eding a Manager Gansu ukene MAG regatta 1 29 Deleting ENEE EE 1 31 Editing Threshold Parameters AAA 1 31 Configuring the Threshold Polling Interval ccececcceseeeeeeeeeeeeaeeseeeeeseaeeeeeneeees 1 31 Configuring a Threshold cccescceceeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeaaeeseeeeeesaaeeseeeeeesaaaeseeeeeesiaaeeneneeess 1 33 Editing Rtcielle Tu CHE 1 40 Configuring Traps ET 1 40 Configuring Exceptions murrrnnannvnnrvrrvnnnnrnnrerrnnnnnrnnnrnrennnnrnnnenrenssnrnnnennenernrnnntnnnneen 1 41 Rue Dee e ET 1 44 Chapter 2 Configuring BOOTP Services BOOTP Relay Agent Overview cccccccceeeceeeeceeeeeeeeceaaeeeeaeeesesaeeeeaaeeseaeeesaaeeseeeeesaaeeee 2 1 Implementation Notes A 2 5 Setting the Router Mode rrrrnannvnnnonrrnnnnrnnnrnvrnnsnrnnnsnnrenssrnnnsnnnnnssrrnesnnnnenerrnessnnnntennn 2 5 Specifying a Forwarding Route for BOOTREQUEST Packets
72. ng materials and other materials related to such distribution and use acknowledge that such portions of the software were developed by the University of California Berkeley The name of the University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from such portions of the software without specific prior written permission SUCH PORTIONS OF THE SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED AS IS AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE In addition the program and information contained herein are licensed only pursuant to a license agreement that contains restrictions on use and disclosure that may incorporate by reference certain limitations and notices imposed by third parties Bay Networks Software License Note This is Bay Networks basic license document In the absence of a software license agreement specifying varying terms this license or the license included with the particular product shall govern licensee s use of Bay Networks software This Software License shall govern the licensing of all software provided to licensee by Bay Networks Software Bay Networks will provide licensee with Software in machine readable form and related documentation Documentation The Software provided under this license is proprietary to Bay Networks and to third parties from whom Bay Networks has acquired license r
73. nnumbered interface To relay BOOTP packets through an unnumbered interface you must specify an input interface on the router and a server in the BOOT Relay Agent Preferred Server Table window refer to Figure 2 9 The router can then unicast a BOOTREQUEST packet through normal IP services to that server For instructions about this procedure refer to Specifying Servers for BOOTP Services later in this chapter Enabling BOOTP Services This section describes how to enable IP and BOOTP services simultaneously If you want to add BOOTP to a circuit on which you have already configured IP refer to Configuring Routers or Configuring Customer Access and Trunks BNX Software depending on the type of installed software for information on adding a protocol When you enable BOOTP services you are required to configure only a few parameters The Configuration Manager supplies default values for the remaining parameters This section assumes that you have read Configuring Routers or Configuring Customer Access and Trunks BNX Software depending on the type of installed software and that you have 1 Opened a configuration file 2 Specified router hardware if this is a local mode configuration file 2 7 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services 3 Selected the link or net module connector on which you are enabling IP services or configured a WAN circuit if this connector requires one Enabling BOOTP on an Interface
74. nt as follows 2 4 Configuring BOOTP Services e If the flag field contains the value 1 the client does not know its own IP address The router broadcasts the BOOTREPLY packets to the IP limited broadcast address 255 255 255 255 e If the flag field contains the value 0 the client knows its own IP address which appears in the client IP address field of the BOOTREPLY packet The router sends the BOOTREPLY packet to that IP address and the link layer address that appears in the client hardware address field Implementation Notes Bear the following issues in mind when you configure BOOTP services for the router Setting the Router Mode You must configure the router in forwarding mode for the BOOTP relay agent to operate For instructions on configuring the router in forwarding mode refer to Configuring IP Services Specifying a Forwarding Route for BOOTREQUEST Packets You must define forwarding routes for BOOTREQUEST packets using one or both of the following methods e Defining a relationship between an input interface and an output interface on the router refer to Specifying Interfaces That Receive and Relay BOOTP Packets later in this chapter e Defining a relationship between an input interface and a BOOTP server refer to Specifying Servers for BOOTP Services later in this chapter Filtering BOOTP and DHCP Packets The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP also uses the BOOTP relay agent to
75. of the BOOTP relay agent see page 2 1 e Features of the Bay Networks implementation of BOOTP see page 2 5 e Instructions for enabling BOOTP services see page 2 7 e Instructions for accessing and editing BOOTP parameters see page 2 8 BOOTP Relay Agent Overview BOOTP allows a diskless client to boot remotely from a server on the same network or on a different physical network The client broadcasts a request to boot from a remote server When a suitable server receives the BOOTREQUEST packet it responds to the client by issuing a BOOTREPLY packet The server then transmits the boot file to the client via a transfer protocol such as Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP Figure 2 1 illustrates how BOOTP works when the client and the server are on the same network The client transmits a BOOTREQUEST packet to the IP limited broadcast address 255 255 255 255 The server sends a BOOTREPLY packet to the client Depending on the server s implementation it addresses the packet to either the limited broadcast or the client s IP address 2 1 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Client broadcasts a request to boot from a remote server BOOTREQUEST Server sends acknowledgement to the client BOOTREPLY Client Figure 2 1 Client and Server on the Same Physical Network If however the client and the server are on different physical networks a BOOTP relay agent also known a
76. old HoldDown Intervals 1 39 Threshold Label 1 39 Threshold Low Event Level 1 35 Threshold Low Value 1 35 Threshold Max Successive Alarms 1 38 Threshold Medium Event Level 1 36 Threshold Medium Value 1 36 Threshold Units 1 37 trap interface Always Never Trap 1 43 SNMP parameters continued editing 1 40 to 1 43 Entity Code 1 43 Event Code 1 43 specifying See configuring 2 22 Subnet Mask parameter 1 19 T Target Server IP Address parameter 2 20 Threshold Action parameter 1 38 Threshold Enable parameter 1 35 Threshold High Event Level parameter 1 37 Threshold High Value parameter 1 36 Threshold HoldDown Intervals parameter 1 39 Threshold Label parameter 1 8 1 39 Threshold Low Event Level parameter 1 35 Threshold Low Value parameter 1 35 Threshold Max Successive Alarms parameter 1 38 Threshold Medium Event Level parameter 1 36 Threshold Medium Value parameter 1 36 threshold polling interval configuring 1 31 Threshold Units parameter 1 37 thresholds 1 6 to 1 9 configuring 1 31 to 1 39 Timeout Secs parameter 2 11 Transmit Bcast Addr parameter 1 19 Trap Port parameter 1 30 Trap Types parameter 1 30 traps 1 1 1 9 configuring 1 40 to 1 41 U UnNumbered Assoc Address parameter 1 20 unnumbered interfaces using for BOOTP and DHCP services 2 7 2 17 Use Lock parameter 1 22 Index 4
77. onfigure the router to use the address 0 0 0 0 to broadcast packets For example if you have IP address 123 1 1 1 and a subnet mask of 255 255 255 0 accepting the default value 0 0 0 0 configures the IP router to use the address 123 1 1 255 to broadcast packets Accept the default 0 0 0 0 unless the calculated broadcast address host portion of all 1s is not adequate If this is the case then enter the appropriate IP broadcast address in dotted decimal notation To set the explicit broadcast address of all 1s enter 255 255 255 255 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 2 1 4 1 8 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Parameter UnNumbered Assoc Address Default None Options Any valid IP address Function Specifies an address that IP uses when sourcing a packet Routing Information Protocol RIP uses this address to make decisions about advertising subnets over the unnumbered interface if the subnets have the same mask as the associated address Instructions Specify the address of any numbered interface on the router MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 2 1 4 1 110 Accessing SNMP Parameters Use the Configuration Manager to edit SNMP parameters for IP interfaces Note The instructions in this section assume that you have already configured at least one IP interface If you have not yet configured an IP interface or want to add additional IP interfaces refer to Enabling SNMP Services for instructions You
78. or or authorized reseller contact the technical support staff of that distributor or reseller for assistance with installation configuration troubleshooting or integration issues Customers also have the option of purchasing direct support from Bay Networks through a variety of service programs The programs include priority access telephone support on site engineering assistance software subscription hardware replacement and other programs designed to protect your investment xiv About This Guide To purchase any of these support programs including PhonePlus for 24 hour telephone technical support call 1 800 2LANWAN Outside the U S and Canada call 408 764 1000 You can also receive information on support programs from your local Bay Networks field sales office or purchase Bay Networks support directly from your reseller Bay Networks provides several methods of receiving support and information on a nonpriority basis through the following automated systems CompuServe Bay Networks maintains an active forum on CompuServe All you need to join us online is a computer a modem and a CompuServe account We also recommend using the CompuServe Information Manager software available from CompuServe The Bay Networks forum contains libraries of technical and product documents designed to help you manage and troubleshoot your Bay Networks products Software agents and patches are available and the message boards are monitor
79. ow 2 Click on Add The BOOTP Addresses window appears Figure 2 6 Lance LE Help Dutput IP Address Figure 2 6 BOOTP Addresses Window 2 12 Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Configuring BOOTP Services Specify the input IP and output IP addresses Use the descriptions that follow as a guide Click on OK The BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table window now lists the interface pair you added and default values for the Enable Disable and Pass Through Mode parameters Note that if you entered an IP address that you have not configured on the router 27 appears before the IP address example 22 111 111 111 111 When you configure the IP address on the router Site Manager replaces 2 with the appropriate address Edit the Enable Disable and Pass Through Mode parameters if you want Use the descriptions that follow as a guide Click on Done to exit the window Input IP Address None Any valid IP address Specifies the IP interface that receives BOOTREQUEST packets from clients Enter the IP address of a numbered network interface that you want to receive BOOTREQUEST or DHCP packets from clients then configure this IP address on the router if you have not already done so Do not specify an unnumbered interface for this parameter 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 2 1 3 2 13 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Parameter Default Options
80. ow refer to Figure 1 3 and complete the following steps 1 Select Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Trap Configuration Interfaces The Trap Configuration window appears Figure 1 14 Blots 2 r Available Entition Gurren Entities ALL Entities ACE ATH DXI AT HIHTF BEF3 AGP GI HT HOOTP CSHACT CHM Events OT Fault r Ammin D Debug F Trace r Info Save help Fancel Figure 1 14 Trap Configuration Window 2 Select the slot for which you want to configure traps You select a slot by clicking on the bar in the Slot box 1 40 Configuring SNMP Services 3 Select an entity for which you want to configure traps The protocol entity names appear in the Available Entities column a comprehensive list of all protocols available regardless of the platform or software you are using If you want to configure traps for all entities running on this slot select All Entities from the top of the column 4 Select the severity levels for which you want to receive traps You select a severity level by clicking on the Events boxes at the bottom of the window Refer to Event Messages for Routers and BNX Platforms for a definition of the severity levels 5 Click on Update The entity name moves to the Current Entities column indicating that you want to receive traps for this entity at the severity levels you specified To move an entity name out of this column select the entity name and then click on Remove 6
81. ow threshold Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services e If its value is greater than 153 but less than or equal to 205 the manager logs an informational event indicating that the queue depth exceeded the medium threshold e Ifits value is greater than 205 the manager logs a warning event indicating that the queue depth exceeded the high threshold Event Message Format By default the threshold event messages include the OID MIB object identifier of the variable that exceeded the threshold the value of the variable and the threshold level exceeded For example if the wfCctOptsCngcCfgQp1Threshold variable has a value of 120 the agent generates an event message similar to 1 08 27 93 10 53 20 802 INFO SLOT 2 STA CODE 6 Object 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 4 10 1 24 with value 120 units hour is gt low threshold You can however identify objects more easily by configuring the software to report the object name rather than the OID in the event message To configure the software to report the object name in the event message use the Threshold Label parameter refer to Editing Threshold Parameters later in this chapter For example if you set the Threshold Label parameter to wfCctOptsCngcCfgQp1 Threshold the agent generates an event message similar to the following one 1 08 27 93 10 53 20 802 INFO SLOT 2 STA CODE 6 Object wfCctOptsCngcCfgQplThreshold with value 120 units hour is gt low thres
82. plete the following steps 1 Select Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Global The Edit SNMP Global Parameters window appears Figure 1 4 Enable ee Lock Lock TimeOut futhentication Failure Traps Figure 1 4 Edit SNMP Global Parameters Window 1 21 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services 2 Edit the parameters in this window Use the descriptions that follow as a guide 3 Click on OK Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Enable Enable Enable Disable Specifies the state of the SNMP agent on all interfaces that support IP Select Enable to enable the SNMP agent Select Disable to disable the SNMP agent 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 1 1 Caution When you disable the SNMP agent in dynamic mode you immediately prohibit Site Manager from communicating with the router Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Use Lock Enable Enable Disable Specifies whether the agent responds to multiple network management stations issuing simultaneous SNMP SET commands to the router When you set this parameter to Enable the agent identifies the station from which it receives the next SNMP SET command and for a time equal to the value of the Lock TimeOut parameter responds only to SNMP SET commands from that station If the agent receives an SNMP SET command from another network management station during this time it issues an SNMP genErr
83. puter software the rights of the United States Government regarding its use reproduction and disclosure are as set forth in the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52 227 19 Trademarks of Bay Networks Inc ACE AFN BCN BLN BN CN FRE LN Optivity SynOptics SynOptics Communications Wellfleet and the Wellfleet logo are registered trademarks and AN ANH ASN BaySIS BayStack BCNX BLNX BNX EZ Internetwork EZ LAN FN PathMan PhonePlus PPX Quick2Config RouterMan SPEX Bay Networks Bay Networks Press the Bay Networks logo and the SynOptics logo are trademarks of Bay Networks Inc Third Party Trademarks All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability Bay Networks Inc reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice Bay Networks Inc does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Portions of the code in this software product are Copyright 1988 Regents of the University of California All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms of such portions are permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation advertisi
84. r to the book Event Messages for Routers and BNX Platforms for entity codes 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 6 1 3 Event Code None Any valid event code number Specifies the code number for the event for which you want to configure an exception Enter the event code number for the event for which you want to configure an exception Refer to the book Event Messages for Routers and BNX Platforms for event code numbers 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 6 1 4 Always Never Trap None Always Never Specifies whether the SNMP agent always sends or never sends this trap to the network management station The instructions you specify in this field override the settings in the Trap Configuration window and affect traps sent from every slot in the router Select Always or Never 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 5 6 1 2 1 43 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Deleting Exceptions To delete an exception begin at the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 and complete the following steps 1 Select Protocols gt IPSSNMP Trap Configuration gt Exceptions The Traps Exceptions Lists window appears refer to Figure 1 15 Select the trap for which you want to delete the exception Click on Delete 1 44 Chapter 2 Configuring BOOTP Services Using Bootstrap BOOTP services you can arrange for diskless clients to boot from a server on either their own or another physical network Refer to this chapter for e An overview
85. rameters Tables A 11 and A 12 list the Site Manager default parameter settings for RARP Table A 11 RARP Interface Parameters Parameter Default Enable Disable Enable Table A 12 RARP Address Parameters Parameter Default MAC Address None IP Address 0 0 0 0 A 4 A Access parameter 1 26 accessing parameters BOOTP 2 8 DHCP 3 7 RARP 4 3 SNMP 1 20 adding entries to the RARP mapping table 4 5 SNMP communities 1 24 SNMP managers 1 27 See also configuring Always Never Trap parameter 1 43 Authentication Failure Traps parameter 1 23 BOOTP client interfaces table creating 2 15 forwarding table creating 2 11 gateway 2 1 implementation notes for 2 5 to 2 7 interfaces assigning 2 5 overview of protocol 2 1 packet 2 1 to 2 4 2 5 parameters See BOOTP parameters relay agent 2 2 3 2 creating forwarding table for 2 11 servers configuring 2 6 services enabling 2 7 Index BOOTP parameters addresses Enable Disable 2 14 Input IP Address 2 13 Output IP Address 2 14 Pass Through Mode 2 15 client interface address DLCI Number 2 17 IP Address 2 17 defaults A 3 to A 4 preferred server Enable Disable 2 20 Pass Through Mode 2 21 Relay Agent IP Address 2 20 Target Server IP Address 2 20 relay agent interface Enable Disable 2 10 Hops 2 10 Pass Through Mode 2 11 Timeout Secs 2 11 Bootstrap protocol See BOOTP C Communit
86. ring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Comunity public JHP Hanagers Figure 1 8 SNMP Manager List Window 4 Select Manager gt Add Manager The Add SNMP Manager window appears Figure 1 9 dt Figure 1 9 Add SNMP Manager Window 5 Type in the IP address of the SNMP manager you want to add 6 Click on OK 7 Configure the manager to receive traps from the agent Refer to the following section for instructions 1 28 Configuring SNMP Services Editing a Manager When you edit a manager you determine whether the manager receives traps and what types of traps the agent transmits to that manager To edit a manager begin at the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 and complete the following steps 1 Select Protocols gt IP gt SNMP gt Communities The SNMP Community List window appears refer to Figure 1 5 2 Select the community for which you want to edit the manager 3 Select Community gt Managers The SNMP Manager List window for that community appears refer to Figure 1 8 4 Select the manager you want to edit 5 Select Manager gt Edit Manager The SNMP Manager window appears Figure 1 10 Lance ICH values Help Figure 1 10 SNMP Manager Window 6 Edit the parameters in this window Use the descriptions that follow as a guide 7 Click on OK 1 29 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Parameter Default Range Function
87. rmation Window for Deleting RARP rrrusnnvnnrnnrvnnnnrnnnrnrenervrrnnennenernr 4 8 Tables Table 1 1 Severity Levels for Event Messages rrrrrrrrrnnnnrnnnerrrnnnnrnnnenrrvesnrnnnennreeenr 1 7 Table 1 2 Example of Threshold and Severity Settings rrrrrrrrnnnnnrnnrnrrnnnnnrnnrnnren 1 7 Table 1 3 DRAM and RMON Memory Size c ccceceeceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeseaeeeeeneeess 1 11 Table 1 4 Maximum Number of Hosts ccccecceceeeeeeeeeeeeaaeaeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeesenaaees 1 13 Table 1 5 Default Size for Capture Buffer ccccccceceeeseeeeeneeeeeeeeeteeeeeeseaeeeteneeees 1 15 Table A 1 SNMP Global Parameters rrrnnrrrrrrrrnnvverrrrnnnvvrnrrrnnvrvenrrnnnrvenersnnrnresrrrnnnn A 1 Table A 2 SNMP Community Parameters cccsccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeseaeeeeneees A 1 Table A 3 SNMP Manager Parameters rrrrrrnrrnnannvnnrvrrrvnnnvnnnerrrnnnnrnnnrnnresssrrnnsnnnennn A 1 Table A 4 SNMP Threshold Global Parameters rrrnrrrnannvvnnorrrnnnnrrnnnnnrnnnnrrnnnnnnennn A 2 Table A 5 SNMP Threshold Interface Parameters csccceeeeceseeeeeeeeeeeseseeeeneees A 2 Table A 6 SNMP Trap Interface Parameters mmrrrrrrnnnvrvrrrrnarrrrerrnnarsererrnsrnreerrennnn A 2 Table A 7 BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Parameters rrnnnnnnrnnnnvrnnnnnvnnrvrrvnnnnrnnennr A 3 Table A 8 BOOTP Addresses Parameters c ccccccecececeeeeeeeeeeeecaeeeseeeeseeeeeeneeeee A 3 Table A 9 BOOTP Client Interface A
88. rotocol xviii Chapter 1 Configuring SNMP Services You can tailor router or BNX software to take advantage of a variety of Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP services Refer to this chapter for the following information e An overview of SNMP see page 1 1 e Additional resources that describe SNMP see page 1 5 e Features of the Bay Networks implementation of SNMP see page 1 6 e Instructions for enabling SNMP services see page 1 16 e Instructions for accessing and editing SNMP parameters see page 1 20 SNMP Overview SNMP is a simple request response protocol that communicates management information between two types of SNMP software entities SNMP applications also called SNMP managers and SNMP agents SNMP applications run in a network management station and issue queries to gather information about the status configuration and performance of external network devices called network elements in SNMP terminology The Bay Networks Site Manager software is an example of a network management station and the Bay Networks backbone node BN router is an example of a network element SNMP agents run in network elements for example in the BN and respond to network management station queries for example from Site Manager In addition agents send unsolicited reports called traps back to the network management station when certain network activity occurs Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services
89. ructions MIB Object ID Polling Interval 60 seconds 5 seconds minimum no maximum value Sets the time interval at which the agent polls the variable to determine whether that variable has reached the threshold Specify the number of seconds for the polling interval Remember that the more often the agent polls the variable the more memory it needs to manage the thresholds for this statistic 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 1 2 1 32 Configuring SNMP Services Configuring a Threshold To configure a threshold you must have a good understanding of the MIB and be able to identify the instances of MIB objects to which you want to apply a threshold For complete information about identifying a MIB object or an instance identifier refer to the statistics section of Managing Routers and BNX Platforms To set a threshold begin at the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 3 and complete the following steps 1 Select Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Thresholds gt Thresholds The Thresholds Interface Lists window appears Figure 1 12 Parana bed Lai eca Litt i frid ete Apply LLT ey Help j Threshold Enshle Threshold bow Value Theeshold Los Event Level Threshold Hediu Value Threshold Hedius Event Level Threshold High Value Figure 1 12 Thresholds Interface Lists Window 2 Click on Add The Threshold Configuration window appears Figure 1 13 displaying a list of all MIB objects the agent
90. s a BOOTP Gateway must forward BOOTP packets to their correct destinations When you configure a Bay Networks router for BOOTP services the router acts as a BOOTP relay agent Figure 2 2 illustrates how BOOTP works when the client and the server are on different physical networks 1 Client broadcasts a request to boot from a remote server Client BOOTREQUEST lt 4 BOOTP relay agent transmits BOOTREPLY packet to client gt Router BOOTP Relay Agent gt 2 BOOTP relay agent transmits BOOTREQUEST packet to servers on other networks Server 3 Server transmits BOOTREPLY packet to BOOTP relay agent Figure 2 2 Client and Server on Different Physical Networks 2 2 Configuring BOOTP Services The client transmits a BOOTREQUEST packet to the IP limited broadcast address 255 255 255 255 The router receives the BOOTREQUEST packet at an interface that you configured to receive BOOTREQUEST packets an input interface If the BOOTREQUEST packet has an address other than 255 255 255 255 the router drops the packet Figure 2 3 shows the fields in the BOOTREQUEST and BOOTREPLY packets S Hardware address Operation 1 Hardware type 1 length 1 Hops 1 Transaction ID 4 Seconds 2 Flags 2 Client IP address 4 Your IP address 4 Server IP address
91. ss at http www baynetworks com One of the menu items on the Home Page is the Customer Support Web Server which offers technical documents software agents and an E mail capability for communicating with our technical support engineers How to Get Help For additional information or advice contact the Bay Networks Technical Response Center in your area United States 1 800 2LAN WAN Valbonne France 33 92 966 968 Sydney Australia 61 2 903 5800 Tokyo Japan 81 3 328 005 Conventions This section describes the conventions used in this guide angle brackets lt gt Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the description inside the brackets Do not type the brackets when entering the command Example if command syntax is ping lt ip address gt you enter ping 192 32 10 12 xvi arrow character gt bold text brackets italic text quotation marks screen text ellipsis points vertical line 1 About This Guide Separates menu and option names in instructions Example Protocols AppleTalk identifies the AppleTalk option in the Protocols menu Indicates text that you need to enter and command names in text Example Use the dinfo command Indicate optional elements You can choose none one or all of the options Indicates variable values in command syntax descriptions new terms file and directory names and book titles Indicate the title of a chapter or s
92. t Address Pair To delete an input output address pair begin at the BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table window refer to Figure 2 5 and proceed as follows 1 2 Click on the address pair to select it Click on Delete The BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table window no longer displays the address pair Click on Done to exit the window Configuring an AN to Use EZ Install over a Frame Relay PVC You must create a BOOTP client interface table if you intend to configure an Access Node AN to use EZ Install over a Frame Relay permanent virtual circuit PVC in group access mode You do not need to create this table if you configured the Frame Relay PVC to operate in direct access mode The AN DL BOOTP client interface table allows you to pair the IP address of a remote that will boot via EZ Install with the local Data Link Connection Identifier CI of its Frame Relay group access PVC For information about configuring an AN to use EZ Install refer to Installing and Starting AN Routers For information about DLCI and Frame Relay refer to Configuring Frame Relay Services 2 15 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services To create the BOOTP client interface table begin at the BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window refer to Figure 2 4 and proceed as follows 1 Click on Client I F The BOOTP Client Interface Table window appears Figure 2 7 Figure 2 7 BOOTP Client Interface Table Window 2 Click o
93. ther clients If the client does not accept or reject the address within a certain period of time the server reclaims it The address is then available for other clients 3 The BOOTP relay agent receives the DHCPOFFER packet and examines the packet If the BOOTP relay agent accepts the packet it forwards it to the client 4 Ifa client does not receive a DHCPOFFER packet within a certain amount of time after broadcasting a DHCPDISCOVER packet it sends the packet again The client will rebroadcast the packet up to 10 times The client may receive DHCPOFFER packets from several potential servers If you configure the client to wait for multiple responses it compares configuration parameters in the DHCPOFFER packets to decide which server to target 3 3 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Figure 3 3 shows the second and third stages of the process 1 Client broadcasts 2 BOOTP relay agent f Server a DHCPREQUEST transmits DHCPREQUEST Client packet packet to all servers that supplied a Ki DHCPOFFER packet Jase ceo gt ote a oe oa ee lt ge 4 BOOTP relay agent 3 Target server transmits transmits DHCPACK _ DHCPACK or DHCPNAK or DHCPNAK packet to BOOTP relay packet to client agent Router BOOTP Relay Agent Figure 3 3 Requesting and Receiving IP Information 5 When the client has chosen a t
94. tion of statistics MIB variables that track the router s performance and provide early warnings of abnormal operating conditions With the Site Manager threshold feature you can configure the agent to automatically notify the network manager when specific statistics or instances of the variable reach certain levels You can set a threshold for any integer counter gauge or time tick variable in the MIB Using the threshold parameters refer to Editing Threshold Parameters later in this chapter you select the polling interval which specifies how often the agent checks the statistic to see if its value has reached the threshold You also set three threshold values high medium and low and specify the threshold action as Lessthan or Greaterthan refer to Threshold Example later in this chapter When the statistic reaches the threshold the agent generates an event You specify the severity level at which you want the manager to log the event Table 1 1 lists the available severity levels and their suggested meanings Depending on how you configure the SNMP trap parameters refer to Configuring Traps later in this chapter the agent may also send the threshold exception as an SNMP trap 1 6 Configuring SNMP Services Table 1 1 Severity Levels for Event Messages Severity Suggested Definition Info Indicates routine events that require no action Warning Indicates events that occur unexp
95. to the low level details of the MIB such as RMON MIB objects Refer to Remote Network Monitoring RMON earlier in this chapter and RFC 1757 for information about each RMON group RMON Interoperability Issues Some network management applications automatically set up their own configurations for an RMON group without checking to see if the RMON agent already has a default configuration In addition when you terminate those applications they may not remove the configurations they set up for the RMON agent These features can result in the RMON agent using excessive amounts of memory and processing power Example When you enable a DCM the RMON agent automatically creates a History configuration Suppose you then start a third party RMON History application which creates its own History configuration for the agent The RMON agent stores the data in two places wasting memory In addition when you terminate the third party RMON application it does not remove its History configuration using memory and processing power indefinitely You can only release these resources by using another application such as the SNMP tool or network management station or by resetting the DCM If you use too many resources for an RMON task the DCM can run out of memory for other RMON tasks and performs more slowly RMON Memory Use The total amount of RMON memory depends on the DRAM in the DCM Table 1 3 Configuring SNMP Services Tab
96. to the restrictions of this license Licensee shall not make the resulting software available for use by any third party Neither title nor ownership to Software passes to licensee Licensee shall not provide or otherwise make available any Software in whole or in part in any form to any third party Third parties do not include consultants subcontractors or agents of licensee who have licensee s permission to use the Software at licensee s facility and who have agreed in writing to use the Software only in accordance with the restrictions of this license Third party owners from whom Bay Networks has acquired license rights to software that is incorporated into Bay Networks products shall have the right to enforce the provisions of this license against licensee Licensee shall not remove or obscure any copyright patent trademark trade secret or similar intellectual property or restricted rights notice within or affixed to any Software and shall reproduce and affix such notice on any backup copy of Software or copies of software resulting from modification or combination performed by licensee as permitted by this license Bay Networks Inc 4401 Great America Parkway Santa Clara CA 95054 8 Federal Street Billerica MA 01821 Bay Networks Software License continued 10 11 12 Licensee shall not reverse assemble reverse compile or in any way reverse engineer the Software Note For licensees in the European
97. which you want the agent to generate a low threshold exception event 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 5 Threshold Low Event Level Info Info Warning Debug Specifies the severity level of the event message the agent generates when a variable exceeds the low threshold Select Info if you want low threshold exceptions to generate routine events that require no action Select Warning if you want low threshold exceptions to generate events that indicate an unexpected situation occurred Select Debug if you want low threshold exceptions to generate events you use to solve network problems 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 6 1 35 Configuring SNMP BOOTP DHCP and RARP Services Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Threshold Medium Value 0 Any integer value Sets the value of the medium threshold for this variable Specify the level at which you want the agent to generate a medium threshold exception event 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 6 2 1 7 Threshold Medium Event Level Info Info Warning Debug Specifies the severity level of the event message the agent generates when a variable exceeds the medium threshold Select Info if you want medium threshold exceptions to generate routine events that require no action Select Warning
98. y Name parameter 1 25 configuring BOOTP parameters 2 8 to 2 22 BOOTP servers 2 6 DHCP parameters 3 7 to 3 8 exceptions 1 41 RARP parameters 4 3 to 4 5 SNMP community members 1 27 to 1 31 threshold polling interval 1 31 thresholds 1 31 to 1 39 traps 1 40 to 1 41 Index 1 D defaults for BOOTP and DHCP parameters A 3 to A 4 for RARP parameters A 4 for SNMP parameters A 1 deleting BOOTP services 2 22 DHCP services 3 8 exceptions 1 44 RARP services 4 8 SNMP communities 1 26 SNMP managers 1 31 DHCP implementation notes for 3 6 overview of protocol 3 1 packet 2 5 3 2 to 3 5 servers 3 1 services enabling 3 6 DHCP parameters defaults A 3 to A 4 See also BOOTP parameters DLCI Number parameter 2 17 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol See DHCP E editing BOOTP parameters 2 9 to 2 22 DHCP parameters 3 7 to 3 8 managers 1 29 RARP parameters 4 3 to 4 8 SNMP community parameters 1 24 1 27 SNMP global parameters 1 21 to 1 23 SNMP threshold parameters 1 31 to 1 39 SNMP trap parameters 1 40 to 1 43 Enable parameter for SNMP 1 22 Enable Disable parameter for BOOTP preferred server table 2 20 for BOOTP relay agent forwarding table 2 14 for BOOTP relay agent interface table 2 10 for RARP 4 8 enabling BOOTP services 2 7 DHCP services 3 6 IP services 1 16 RARP services 4 2 SNMP services 1 16 Entity Code parameter 1 43 Ethernet History group 1 4 1 12 Ethernet St

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