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Avaya Configuring Differentiated Services User's Manual

1. Configuring Differentiated Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Report Time Period Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers 360 1 to 65535 seconds Specifies the time period in seconds between the transmission of statistics reports to the server The statistics reports provide information for each flow filter Enter a value for the transmission interval between reports Note that the router negotiates this value with the server If the server replies with a value that is different from the value you set the router uses the server s value 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 9 TCP KeepAlive Interval Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers 60 0 to 65535 seconds Specifies the time period in seconds between the transmission of keepalive packets that the router sends across a TCP connection Enter a value for the transmission interval between TCP keepalive packets Enter a value of 0 to disable this feature 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 10 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Site Manager Parameters TCP KeepAlive RT
2. Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Solo Slot Mask Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Global All slots on the router The number of slots varies by hardware platform Hex number representing the slots on the router up to slot 14 Specifies the mask for the slot on which the soloist can operate The most significant bit MSBit represents slot 1 the next most significant bit represents slot 2 and so on up to slot 14 For most cases accept the default If you want to change how the router manages its slot resources change the slot mask by entering a hex value that specifies the slots for the COPS soloist 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 1 6 Client IP Address Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Global None An IP address of a router interface Specifies the IP interface address of the COPS client that is the router COPS uses this address to communicate with the bandwidth broker Enter the IP address of the router as the COPS client 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 1 8 Client ID Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Global None Any alphanumeric string Identifies the router to the COPS server by assigning it a unique ID Specify an ID for the router as the COPS client 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 1 9 A 8 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Site Manag
3. Specifies the number of seconds that the router waits before a dynamic URL filter on the next hop interface is deleted Specify a value for the idle out time period 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 26 2 1 8 A 4 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Site Manager Parameters Interface Record Parameter The DiffServ Interface Record window Figure A 2 contains the IP Address parameter for the differentiated services interface This parameter lets you specify a configured IP address as a differentiated services interface Cancel OK Values Help IP Address Figure A 2 DiffServ Interface Record Window Parameter IP Address Path Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Add Default None Options An existing IP address on the router Function Identifies a differentiated services interface on the router Instructions Enter the IP address of the differentiated services interface MIB Object ID Not Applicable 308620 14 00 Rev 00 A 5 Configuring Differentiated Services Differentiated Services Global Parameter The Edit DiffServ Global Parameters window Figure A 3 contains the Enable parameter which lets you disable and reenable all differentiated service interfaces on the router Cancel OK Values Help ENABLED at Figure A 3 Edit DiffServ Global Parameters Window Parameter Enable Path Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Global Default Ena
4. To add differentiated services to a configuration file first open the file by completing the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the main Site Manager window choose Tools The Tools menu opens Choose Configuration Manager The Configuration Manager window opens Choose Local File Remote File or Dynamic Site Manager prompts you for the configuration file you want to open Select the file and click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window which displays the router slots and their associated modules 2 2 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Enabling Differentiated Services Starting Differentiated Services To enable a differentiated services interface complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window click on an IP interface connector The Add Circuit window opens Accept the default circuit name or enter a new name then click on OK The Select Protocols window opens Scroll through the list of protocols and choose DiffServ then click on OK The IP Configuration window opens Enter the router s IP address in the IP Address field then click on OK See Configuring IP ARP RIP and OSPF Services for a parameter description The DiffServ Interface List window opens The interface is now enabled Click on Do
5. show ip interfaces or show ip interfaces alerts Indicate that you repeat the last element of the command as needed Example If the command syntax is ethernet 2 1 lt parameter gt lt value gt you enter ethernet 2 1 and as many parameter value pairs as needed xiv 308620 14 00 Rev 00 italic text screen text separator gt vertical line Preface Indicates file and directory names new terms book titles and variables in command syntax descriptions Where a variable is two or more words the words are connected by an underscore Example If the command syntax is show at lt valid_route gt valid_route is one variable and you substitute one value for it Indicates system output for example prompts and system messages Example set Trap Monitor Filters Shows menu paths Example Protocols gt IP identifies the IP option on the Protocols menu Separates choices for command keywords and arguments Enter only one of the choices Do not type the vertical line when entering the command Example If the command syntax is show ip alerts routes you enter either show ip alerts or show ip routes but not both 308620 14 00 Rev 00 XV Configuring Differentiated Services Acronyms This guide uses the following acronyms COPS Common Open Policy Server DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DNS domain name server GUI graphical user interface HTTP Hypertext
6. COPS Server Record Parameters asesan T jennie En bets ME oe vi 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Statie Wwaitie Filter Parameters erossa ann EE AAE AAi A 16 Do aeaa S E A O S er runt rycen Mer erner str A 18 DO Folco Parame iais oraban a i a et fetre A 19 BP Fe Pee EE A E E E E E A 23 Appendix B Configuration Examples A Differentiated Services Network Using Dynamic Filters a nns B 1 ST La me ROUE ssiri a rust rE aa ownaladsel B 4 Configure a Differentiated Services Interface rrrrrarrrnnvvrrrrnnnvrrrrrnrnvrrrrrrnnnnn B 4 oe NPE svarte B 5 A Differentiated Services Network Using Static Traffic Filters pan rere B 6 CHITRA be ROMEF ssion ora eaaa ea R a A E B 7 Configure a Differentiated Services Interface cccccccccccssseesseeessteeeseeeesses B 7 Configure a Static Filter T SSRI T PET ET T B 8 Index 308620 14 00 Rev 00 vii Figures Figure 1 1 Differentiated Services Network ruarnnnnnnnrnnnnnvnnnnnnvnnnnrnnnnnvnnenrrnnnsrnnnennnee 1 4 Figure 1 2 Architecture of the Bandwidth Broker csccssceeeseeeseeeeeeeeseeeneeeeneeees 1 5 Figure 1 3 Nortel Networks Differentiated Services Architecture cceeeeeee 1 7 Figure A 1 DiffServ Interface List Window ernnnnvnnonrvnnnnvnnnnnnvnnnnrnnnnnnennnnrrnnnnvnnnennne A 2 Figure A 2 DiffServ Interface Record Window Suede RET ke jane ARB Figure A 3 Edit DiffServ Global Parameters Window uannrn
7. manuals or any copy in whole or in part Except as expressly provided in this Agreement Licensee may not copy or transfer the Software or user manuals in whole or in part The Software and user manuals embody Nortel Networks and its licensors confidential and proprietary intellectual property Licensee shall not sublicense assign or otherwise disclose to any third party the Software or any information about the operation design performance or implementation of the Software and user manuals that is confidential to Nortel Networks and its licensors however Licensee may grant permission to its consultants subcontractors and agents to use the Software at Licensee s facility provided they have agreed to use the Software only in accordance with the terms of this license 3 Limited warranty Nortel Networks warrants each item of Software as delivered by Nortel Networks and properly installed and operated on Nortel Networks hardware or other equipment it is originally licensed for to function substantially as described in its accompanying user manual during its warranty period which begins on the date Software is first shipped to Licensee If any item of Software fails to so function during its warranty period as the sole remedy Nortel Networks will at its discretion provide a suitable fix patch or workaround for the problem that may be included in a future Software release Nortel Networks further warrants to Licensee that the media on wh
8. 25 1 2 1 4 Connection Retry Period Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers 30 1 to 65535 seconds Specifies the time period in seconds between connection retry attempts to the server Enter a value for the connection retry interval 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 6 A 10 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Site Manager Parameters Connection Retry Count Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers 3 1 to 10 Specifies the number of connection attempts that the router makes before determining that the server is unreachable Enter a value for the number of connection retry attempts to the server 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 7 KeepAlive Time Period Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers 1 1 to 65535 seconds Specifies the time period in seconds between the transmission of keepalive packets to the server Enter a value for the transmission interval between keepalive packets Note that the router negotiates this value with the server If the server replies with a value that is different from the value you set the router uses the server s value 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 8 308620 14 00 Rev 00
9. 8 Chapter 2 Starting Differentiated Services Planning for a Differentiated Services Network rarnnnnrnrrnnnnnvnnnnnvnnnnvnnnannvennnrrnannnnenennr 2 1 Starting the Site Manager Configuration Tool ssis rsssisurrsisesiesnnanies anana iaa 2 2 Preparng a Configuration Filg Guaageassea veden eiejjnjetuanenie 2 2 Enabling Differentiated Services saisiuskinhisdiitrhi nin rapin ARAT ENEAN 2 3 fo OOS A Fer Mechans cae ccacexsen pcuadesasacunigaenssandene ru oaiaanwtasetiand S 2 3 Enabling E ERE 2 4 S ke PTY tate SR oueieun andar ASEA 2 5 Creating a Filter Template ienis EET REET ee ET 2 5 Applying ihe Templie to a Fler kuusssavuassrsqasmenmentjammaie 2 7 Coniguring Filters for HTTP PACKETS sis sci us cstusirinuietioniauien easiest 2 7 MAMI TO DO N Y orici asno A 2 8 308620 14 00 Rev 00 V Chapter 3 Customizing Differentiated Services Adding a Differentiated Services Interface ccccccecsssececeeeneeeeeeeenaeeeeeeeaeeeeseenaeeseseaaas 3 2 Modifying a Differentiated Services Interface unrverrenrvvvnrevnrvnrrnvvennvernnvennverrreenvevenene 3 3 Disabling and Reenabling Differentiated Services Interfaces ere re ES e Disabling and Reenabling a Single Interface mmmnrnrnnnnnrnnnnnnvnnnnrrnnnnnvnnenrrnnnnrnnnennne 3 4 Disabling and Reenabling All Interfaces 00 0 ee eeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeecaeeeeeeeeseeseaeeereeaeens 3 4 Deleting Differentiated Services Interfaces r urnrernvrvrnevrnennrnevrne
10. A 1 on page A 2 the DiffServ Static Filters window Figure A 7 opens From this window you can configure traffic filters Done Apply Template Create Edit Delete Values Help Filter Enable Filter Name Filter Precedence Figure A 7 DiffServ Static Filters Window A 16 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Site Manager Parameters When you click on Template in the DiffServ Static Filters window Figure A 7 and then click on Create the Create DiffServ Template window opens Figure A 8 Create DiffServ Template Window From this window you can configure filter criteria and actions There are many criteria you can add to a filter For more information about filters see Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization 308620 14 00 Rev 00 A 17 Configuring Differentiated Services For the filter criteria the URL string criterion is unique to differentiated services For the filter criteria you can add the following actions Log e Drop e Accept e Set DS Field e Set DS Police Note Log is the only action that you can combine with other actions For example you cannot combine Drop and Set DS Field DS Field If you add the action Set DS Field the DS Field window opens Figure A 9 The DS field specifies the marking of the DS field in the IP packet header The range can be 00000000 to 11111111 which is 0 to 255 expressed in binary form DS Field Figure A 9 DS Field W
11. Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Traffic Filt gt Template gt Create gt Action gt Add gt DiffServ Set Police Ox FAE O to Oxfffttttf Specifies the maximum packet size that the router allows for the network This parameter lets the router prevent large packets from being admitted into the network Enter a value for the maximum policed packet size If the packet size is larger than this value the router considers the data beyond the flow filter profile In this case the router refers to the Out of Profile Behavior and Out of Profile Marking parameters to determine how to treat the packet Not applicable Inprofile Marking Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Traffic Filt gt Template gt Create gt Action gt Add gt DiffServ Set Police 00000000 00000000 to 11111111 Specifies what the DS byte is set to if the policing algorithm accepts the packet The value represents the type of service that the packet receives Enter the value that the router should use to mark the packet Not applicable 308620 14 00 Rev 00 A 21 Configuring Differentiated Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Inprofile Behavior Configuration Manager g
12. Transfer Protocol IP Internet Protocol ISO International Organization for Standardization LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol TCP Transmission Control Protocol URL uniform resource locator Hard Copy Technical Manuals You can print selected technical manuals and release notes free directly from the Internet Go to support baynetworks com library tpubs Find the product for which you need documentation Then locate the specific category and model or version for your hardware or software product Using Adobe Acrobat Reader you can open the manuals and release notes search for the sections you need and print them on most standard printers You can download Acrobat Reader free from the Adobe Systems Web site www adobe com You can purchase selected documentation sets CDs and technical publications through the collateral catalog The catalog is located on the World Wide Web at support baynetworks com catalog html and is divided into sections arranged alphabetically e The CD ROMs section lists available CDs e The Guides Books section lists books on technical topics e The Technical Manuals section lists available printed documentation sets xvi 308620 14 00 Rev 00 How to Get Help Preface If you purchased a service contract for your Nortel Networks product from a distributor or authorized reseller contact the technical support staff for that distributor or reseller for assistance If you pu
13. deleted enabled or disabled select Filter Maintenance To log when a packet matches a trigger filter criterion and is sent to the server select Trigger Events The other options are for debugging Site Manager fills in the appropriate hex value for the options you have chosen 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 26 2 1 6 308620 14 00 Rev 00 A 3 Configuring Differentiated Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Config Type Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces Static Static COPS Indicates the configuration type for this interface The configuration type defines whether the interface uses manually configured filters or filters installed by the bandwidth broker Select the appropriate configuration type Static Select this option to manually configure filters These filters identify packets for specific data flows and define the actions performed on each packet COPS Select this option to use the Common Open Policy Server COPS protocol to request flow filters from the bandwidth broker Using COPS the flow filters are already available from the bandwidth broker and are downloaded to the router upon request 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 26 2 1 7 URL Idle Out Timer Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces 120 1 to Ox7fffffff seconds
14. the bandwidth broker and server manager would not be included 308620 14 00 Rev 00 1 3 Configuring Differentiated Services Server manager ISP or enterprise network Bandwidth broker policy server High performance router DFSOO01A Figure 1 1 Differentiated Services Network Communicating with the Bandwidth Broker If your differentiated services network uses a bandwidth broker the router uses the COPS protocol to communicate with the bandwidth broker COPS enables the exchange of policy information between the bandwidth broker and its clients The router is the COPS client The COPS client uses the Transmission Control Protocol TCP to communicate with the bandwidth broker The COPS client can connect to only one server at a time choosing the server from list of servers that you define When the router requests a filter from the bandwidth broker the bandwidth broker responds with its own request to perform one or more of the following actions e Install a new filter e Update an existing filter e Disable or enable an existing filter e Delete an existing filter For each request the differentiated services application on the router takes the necessary action and then sends an acknowledgment back to the bandwidth broker Note th
15. BayRS Version 14 00 Part No 308620 14 00 Rev 00 September 1999 4401 Great America Parkway Santa Clara CA 95054 Configuring Differentiated Services NORTEL NETWORKS Copyright 1999 Nortel Networks All rights reserved Printed in the USA September 1999 The information in this document is subject to change without notice The statements configurations technical data and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable but are presented without express or implied warranty Users must take full responsibility for their applications of any products specified in this document The information in this document is proprietary to Nortel Networks NA Inc The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may only be used in accordance with the terms of that license A summary of the Software License is included in this document Trademarks NORTEL NETWORKS is a trademark of Nortel Networks Bay Networks ACE AFN AN BCN BLN BN BNX CN FRE LN Optivity Optivity Policy Services and PPX are registered trademarks and Advanced Remote Node ANH ARN ASN BayRS BaySecure BayStack BayStream BCC BCNX BLNX Centillion EtherSpeed FN IP AutoLearn Passport SN SPEX Switch Node System 5000 and TokenSpeed are trademarks of Nortel Networks Microsoft MS MS DOS Win32 Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation All other trademar
16. Connection Retry Count KeepAlive Time Period Report Time Period Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 10 The COPS Server List window opens 6 Click on Apply 7 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window Maintaining the TCP Connection to the Server The router communicates to the COPS server across a TCP connection To keep the connection established even when there is no data being transmitted you can configure keepalive timers and retry counts to maintain the connection To modify the keepalive parameters that maintain the TCP connection complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens Choose COPS Client The COPS Client menu opens continued 308620 14 00 Rev 00 3 9 Configuring Differentiated Services Site Manager Procedure continued You do this 4 Choose COPS Servers System responds The COPS Server List window opens 5 Set the following parameters TCP KeepAlive Interval TCP KeepAlive RTO TCP KeepAlive Max Retry Cnt Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 10 6 Click on Apply 7 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager windo
17. EMEDIES AND ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Licensee is responsible 308620 14 00 Rev 00 iii for the security of its own data and information and for maintaining adequate procedures apart from the Software to reconstruct lost or altered files data or programs 4 Limitation of liability IN NO EVENT WILL NORTEL NETWORKS OR ITS LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY COST OF SUBSTITUTE PROCUREMENT SPECIAL INDIRECT INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES RESULTING FROM INACCURATE OR LOST DATA OR LOSS OF USE OR PROFITS ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE EVEN IF NORTEL NETWORKS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES IN NO EVENT SHALL THE LIABILITY OF NORTEL NETWORKS RELATING TO THE SOFTWARE OR THIS AGREEMENT EXCEED THE PRICE PAID TO NORTEL NETWORKS FOR THE SOFTWARE LICENSE 5 Government Licensees This provision applies to all Software and documentation acquired directly or indirectly by or on behalf of the United States Government The Software and documentation are commercial products licensed on the open market at market prices and were developed entirely at private expense and without the use of any U S Government funds The license to the U S Government is granted only with restricted rights and use duplication or disclosure by the U S Government is subject to the r
18. Edit DiffServ Filters window 10 Click on OK Click on Done until you return to the Configuration Manager window You return to the DiffServ Static Filters window For general information about how to create traffic filters see Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization 308620 14 00 Rev 00 3 15 Appendix A Site Manager Parameters These topics define differentiated services parameters Topic Page Interface List Parameters A 2 Interface Record Parameter A 5 Differentiated Services Global Parameter A 6 COPS Global Parameters Aci COPS Server List Parameters A 9 COPS Server Record Parameters A 15 Static Traffic Filter Parameters A 1 For each parameter this appendix provides the following information e Parameter name Configuration Manager menu path e Default setting e Valid parameter options e Parameter function e Instructions for setting the parameter e Management information base MIB object ID 308620 14 00 Rev 00 A 1 Configuring Differentiated Services The Technician Interface allows you to modify attributes by issuing set and commit commands with the MIB Object ID This process is equivalent to modifying parameters using Site Manager For more information about using the Technician Interface to access the MIB see Using Technician Interface Software Caution The Technician Interface does not verify attribute v
19. O Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers 60 0 to 65535 seconds Specifies the keepalive retransmit timeout RTO period in seconds This is the interval during which the router sends unacknowledged keepalive packets If the TCP KeepAlive Interval parameter is set to 0 the router ignores this timer If the TCP KeepAlive Interval Timer is set to a nonzero value and this parameter is set to 0 the router does not send keepalive packets Either side of the connection can then end the session after the TCP KeepAlive Interval expires Enter a value for the retransmit timeout period 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 11 TCP KeepAlive Max Retry Cnt Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers 4 0 to 65535 Specifies the number of unacknowledged keepalive packets retransmitted before the TCP session is terminated If this value is set to 0 the router only sends one keepalive packet Enter a number for the maximum number of unacknowledged keepalive packets the router should send 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 12 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Configuring Differentiated Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Remote TCP Port Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers 3288 1 to 65535 Specifies the remote TCP port of the COPS server I
20. Rev 00 3 5 Configuring Differentiated Services Deleting All Interfaces To globally delete differentiated services interfaces complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Adding COPS Servers 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose DiffServ The DiffServ menu opens 4 Choose Delete A confirmation window prompts Do you REALLY want to delete DiffServ 5 Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window To add COPS servers that the router can communicate with complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens Choose COPS Client The COPS Client menu opens Choose COPS Servers The COPS Server List window opens Click on Add The COPS Server Record window opens DIN AJV N Set the IP Address parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 16 continued 3 6 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Customizing Differentiated Services Site Manager Procedure continued You do this System responds 7 Click on OK You return to the COPS Server List window Site Manager adds the ne
21. Services Network The following devices comprise a differentiated services network Host Resides at the sending and receiving point in the network The host is the device that requests service from the network Bandwidth Broker The bandwidth broker typically resides in the ISP or enterprise network Its primary function is to act as a resource manager keeping records of all the reserved data flows and filters and managing bandwidth allocation The bandwidth broker installs trigger and flow filters on the edge router These filters tell the router how to process incoming packets The trigger filter detects the beginning of a traffic flow and notifies the bandwidth broker The flow filter identifies packets that belong to a specific data flow and designates how packets that match the filter should be marked The edge device and the bandwidth broker communicate using the COPS protocol The bandwidth broker may also be called the COPS server because COPS is the protocol used for communication between the broker and the edge router Not all differentiated services networks have a bandwidth broker If no bandwidth broker exists you must configure filters on the edge device 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Differentiated Services Overview e Policy server The policy server resides inside the ISP or enterprise network It provides policy admission control which administrates network services and user authentication functions The policy server
22. The router s configuration for the differentiated services network in Figure B 1 is shown in the following sections These tables provide instructions on how to access the appropriate Site Manager windows and configure specific parameters Only those parameters that you must change from the default value are listed If a parameter is not included it means that you can accept the default value Configure a Differentiated Services Interface First configure a differentiated services interface and enable COPS as follows Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window click on an IP interface connector The Add Circuit window opens 2 Accept the default circuit name or entera The Select Protocols window opens new name then click on OK 3 Scroll through the list of protocols and The IP Configuration window opens choose DiffServ then click on OK 4 Enter 192 32 46 9 in the IP Address The DiffServ Interface List window opens parameter then click on OK The interface is now enabled 5 Set the Config Type parameter to COPS Site Manager displays a message informing you that the static filters will be deleted and asks if you want to continue 6 Click on OK You return to the DiffServ Interface List window 7 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Configure COPS Configuration Ex
23. affic for transmission through the network If the router receives data that matches a URL filter the router installs another filter called the dynamic filter on the next hop interface which is an interface on this same router This filter is available for the duration of the HTTP session This dynamic filter is deleted if there is no data activity during the time period specified by the URL idle out timer The original URL filter remains installed on the router For more information about the URL idle out timer see the URL Idle Out Timer parameter description on page A 4 Note Even if you configure URL filters manually static configuration the differentiated services application uses COPS to install the dynamic filter URL filters are the only filters that create these dynamic filters You must configure differentiated services on all possible next hop interfaces on the router or at least all next hop interfaces where the HTTP servers might reside Otherwise the router will not be able to mark the return packets 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Chapter 2 Starting Differentiated Services The quickest way to configure differentiated services on the router is to enable it with the default configuration that Nortel Networks software supplies This configuration uses all available default values for the interface and COPS parameters You will need to supply values only for parameters that do not have default values This chapter includes t
24. alues you enter Entering an invalid value can corrupt your configuration Interface List Parameters The DiffServ Interface List window Figure A 1 contains the parameters for the differentiated services interfaces These parameters let you enable an interface and determine its configuration type Done rv Interface 192 Enable Debug Log Mask hex Config Type URL Idle Out Timer Figure A 1 DiffServ Interface List Window A 2 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Site Manager Parameters Enable Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces Enabled Enabled Disabled Enables or disables differentiated services on this interface After you configure a differentiated services interface this parameter is enabled by default To disable differentiated services on this interface without deleting it select Disabled 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 26 2 1 2 Debug Log Mask hex Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces 0x00000001 Filter Maintenance Interaction with COPS Trigger Events IP Interaction Extra Debugging Specifies which event messages the router should include in the event log Select one or more event messages that you want to include in the log To log events such as when a filter is added
25. amples To enable COPS for the interface complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the DiffServ Interface List window Click on COPS Global The Edit COPS Global Parameters window opens 2 Set the Client IP Address parameter to 192 32 46 9 and the Client ID parameter to corp1 3 Click on OK You return to the DiffServ Interface List window 4 Click on COPS Servers The COPS Server List window opens 5 Click on Add The COPS Server Record window opens 6 Set the COPS server s IP Address parameter to 192 32 46 7 Click on OK You return to the COPS Server List window Site Manager displays the COPS server entry in the scroll list 8 Click on Done You return to the DiffServ Interface List 9 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window The router can now operate as a differentiated services edge device marking the video data packets for priority service through the network 308620 14 00 Rev 00 B 5 Configuring Differentiated Services A Differentiated Services Network Using Static Traffic Filters In this configuration example a corporate enterprise network connects employes to corporate information such as benefits forms The employees need to download forms which are HTTP pages from a server When a client requests a form this request and data should receive a higher priority than oth
26. an handle or the filter is misconfigured with an action that is unknown to the router If the bandwidth broker does install additional filters they are added to the filter table of the differentiated services interface Packets that arrive on that interface that match the flow filter criteria are marked by the differentiated services application with a DS field pattern specified by the filter The value in the DS field determines whether the packet is sent to a high priority data queue for preferential treatment This is how each packet gets marked or differentiated for a specific type of service After a packet is marked it is sent to the core network device where depending on the marking the packet receives preferential treatment as it is routed through the network and on to the destination host Figure 1 3 shows the Nortel Networks differentiated services architecture and how the router marks a packet 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Bandwidth broker policy server Differentiated Services Overview as COPS client TCP 6 3 communicates with the connection bandwidth broker COPS Premium client A marked D High flows Differentiated services queue q gt wee Tiered application Protocol 1 tet Medi marked Inbound prioritization edium flows data Classification bymarkin queue 1 gt gt policing and DS field Unmarked gt mark
27. at the bandwidth broker can also send unsolicited requests 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Differentiated Services Overview If an interface on the router becomes inactive or terminates the differentiated services application deletes all filters from that interface After the interface recovers the router needs to request the filters from the bandwidth broker again If the connection to the bandwidth broker is temporarily lost the COPS client software attempts to reconnect to the server In this case the router does not delete the filters The bandwidth broker assigns an ID to each filter before installing it on the router The bandwidth broker can then change an installed filter based on that ID If the bandwidth broker requests an update or removal of a nonexistent filter the router ignores the request and sends an error message to the bandwidth broker You can view the filters installed by the bandwidth broker using the router s traffic filters feature but you cannot modify them Figure 1 2 shows the Nortel Networks bandwidth broker architecture Application server Server manager Web server LDAP LDAP Gp lt Policy inf ti Py olicy information LDAP server IS p acean 4 i the database with policy database Policy server COPS server GUI PC LEN ZE Bandwidth broker TCP connection PC using to the router Windows NT DFS0004A Figure 1 2 Architecture of
28. ble or reenable Set the Enable parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 10 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window Deleting a COPS Server To delete a single server entry from the server list complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens Choose COPS Client The COPS Client menu opens Choose COPS Servers The COPS Server List window opens a A JEIN Select the server entry you want to delete then click on Delete Site Manager removes the entry Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 308620 14 00 Rev 00 3 11 Configuring Differentiated Services Disabling and Reenabling COPS on the Router To disable and reenable all COPS servers complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens 2 Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens 3 Choose COPS Client 4 Choose COPS Global The COPS Client menu opens The Edit COPS Global Parameters window opens Set the Enable parameter Click on Help or see the parameter descr
29. bled Options Enabled Disabled Function Disables and reenables all differentiated services interfaces on the router Instructions To disable differentiated services on the router select Disabled Otherwise accept the default MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 26 1 2 A 6 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Site Manager Parameters COPS Global Parameters The Edit COPS Global Parameters window Figure A 4 contains the COPS client parameters These are global parameters that apply to the entire router not just an individual interface These parameters let you customize how the router communicates with the bandwidth broker Cancel OK Values Help Enable ENABLED Solo Slot Mask 11111 Client IP Address 0 0 0 0 Client ID EE Figure A 4 Edit COPS Global Parameters Window Parameter Enable Path Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Global Default Enabled Options Enabled Disabled Function Enables and disables COPS on the router Instructions If you selected COPS as the configuration type this parameter is automatically set to Enabled To disable COPS without deleting it select Disabled MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 1 2 308620 14 00 Rev 00 A 7 Configuring Differentiated Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID
30. cense Upon termination for any reason Licensee will immediately destroy or return to Nortel Networks the Software user manuals and all copies Nortel Networks is not liable to Licensee for damages in any form solely by reason of the termination of this license 8 Export and Re export Licensee agrees not to export directly or indirectly the Software or related technical data or information without first obtaining any required export licenses or other governmental approvals Without limiting the foregoing Licensee on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries and affiliates agrees that it will not without first obtaining all export licenses and approvals required by the U S Government i export re export transfer or divert any such Software or technical data or any direct product thereof to any country to which such exports or re exports are restricted or embargoed under United States export control laws and regulations or to any national or resident of such restricted or embargoed countries or ii provide the Software or related technical data or information to any military end user or for any military end use including the design development or production of any chemical nuclear or biological weapons 9 General If any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction the remainder of the provisions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect This Agreement will be go
31. change from the default value are listed If a parameter is not included it means that you can accept the default value The traffic filter that you need to configure uses the DS police action After you configure the DS police action the router will know how to mark packets for transmission through the network to the client Configure a Differentiated Services Interface To configure a differentiated services interface on BLN 1 complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window click on an IP interface connector The Add Circuit window opens Accept the default circuit name or enter a new name then click on OK Scroll through the list of protocols and choose DiffServ then click on OK The Select Protocols window opens The IP Configuration window opens Enter 192 32 9 7 in the IP Address parameter then click on OK The DiffServ Interface List window opens The interface is now enabled Click on OK You return to the DiffServ Interface List window Keep the DiffServ Interface List window open and go to the next section 308620 14 00 Rev 00 B 7 Configuring Differentiated Services Configure a Static Filter To configure a filter template that includes the DS police action complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the DiffSer
32. configuration file see Quick Starting Routers Configuring BayStack Remote Access or Connecting ASN Routers to a Network Make sure that you are running the latest version of Nortel Networks BayRS and Site Manager software For information about upgrading BayRS and Site Manager see the upgrading guide for your version of BayRS 308620 14 00 Rev 00 xiii Configuring Differentiated Services Text Conventions This guide uses the following text conventions angle brackets lt gt bold text braces brackets ellipsis points Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the description inside the brackets Do not type the brackets when entering the command Example If the command syntax is ping lt p address gt you enter ping 192 32 10 12 Indicates command names and options and text that you need to enter Example Enter show ip alerts routes Example Use the dinfo command Indicate required elements in syntax descriptions where there is more than one option You must choose only one of the options Do not type the braces when entering the command Example If the command syntax is show ip alerts routes you must enter either show ip alerts or show ip routes but not both Indicate optional elements in syntax descriptions Do not type the brackets when entering the command Example If the command syntax is show ip interfaces alerts you can enter either
33. corpforms in the Filter Name field 3 Select the differentiated services interface 192 32 9 7 in the Interfaces list 4 Select httpfilter in the Templates list 5 Click on OK You return to the DiffServ Static Filters window Site Manager displays the filter name and its interface in the scroll list 6 Click on Done until you return to the Configuration Manager window Once the router marks the packet this packet receives preferential treatment from the core devices in the network and sends them along to the client 308620 14 00 Rev 00 B 9 A acronyms Xvi bandwidth broker configuration example B 1 description 1 2 filter action requests 1 4 filter IDs 1 5 installing filters 1 6 C Common Open Policy Server See COPS 1 1 Config Type parameter A 4 configuration examples B 1 Connection Retry Count parameter A 11 conventions text xiv COPS adding servers 3 6 connecting to a server 3 8 connection with bandwidth broker 1 4 deleting from the router 3 12 deleting servers 3 11 disabling 3 12 disabling servers 3 11 enabling 2 4 global parameters modifying 3 7 A 7 server records modifying 3 8 parameters A 15 customer support xvii D Debug Log Mask parameter A 3 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Index default configuration starting 2 1 deleting a COPS server 3 11 deleting a differentiated services interface 3 5 differentiated packets marking for service 1 6 diffe
34. edure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens Choose COPS Client The COPS Client menu opens Choose COPS Servers The COPS Server List window opens ay o py Set the Priority parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 10 Click on Apply 7 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window Modifying the COPS Connection The connection to the COPS server is established at two different levels the COPS layer and the TCP layer The COPS application on the router is a TCP client At the COPS level you can customize how the router connects to a COPS server for example defining how often the router retries a connection and how long the router keeps the connection active 3 8 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Customizing Differentiated Services To customize how the router connects to a COPS server complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols Choose Global Protocols The Protocols menu opens The Global Protocols menu opens Choose COPS Client The COPS Client menu opens ay eo hy Choose COPS Servers Set the following parameters Connection Retry Period
35. entiated services action for example Set DS Field to determine how to mark packets For detailed information about creating filters see Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization What To Do Next Now that you have completed the steps in this chapter differentiated services should be operating on at least one interface To customize the differentiated services configuration go to Chapter 3 Customizing Differentiated Services 2 8 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Chapter 3 Customizing Differentiated Services When you enable differentiated services default values are in effect for all parameters Depending on your network requirements you may want to change these values This chapter describes how to customize your differentiated services configuration and includes the following topics Topic Page Adding a Differentiated Services Interface 3 2 Modifying a Differentiated Services Interface 3 3 Disabling and Reenabling Differentiated Services Interfaces 3 4 Deleting Differentiated Services Interfaces 3 5 Adding COPS Servers 3 6 Modifying COPS Global Parameters 3 7 Modifying the COPS Server Record 3 8 Disabling and Reenabling a COPS Server 3 11 Deleting a COPS Server 11 Disabling and Reenabling COPS on the Router 3 12 Deleting COPS from the Router 3 12 Modifying Traffic Filters 3 13 308620 14 00 Rev 00 3 1 Configuring Differentiated S
36. er Parameters COPS Server List Parameters The COPS Server List window Figure A 5 contains the list of COPS servers that are allowed to install filters on the router Done Add Delete Apply Values Help Enable Priority Connection Retry Period Connection Retry Count KeepAlive Time Period Report Time Period Figure A 5 COPS Server List Window 308620 14 00 Rev 00 A 9 Configuring Differentiated Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Enable Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers Enabled Enabled Disabled Enables and disables a COPS server If you selected COPS as the configuration type this parameter is automatically set to Enabled To disable a COPS server without deleting it from the server list select Disabled 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 2 Priority Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers 1 1 to 128 Assigns a priority rating to the COPS server The higher the number the higher the priority For example a server with a priority of 2 will be the active server before a server with a priority of 1 Enter a priority value for the server 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5
37. er requests so differentiated services is implemented In this network instead of using filters configured on a policy server filters are configured statically on the router To implement differentiated services in this network you must configure two interfaces on the router One interface sends data to the clients and the other sends requests and control packets locally to the server Two interfaces are needed because the router can implement only inbound filtering for differentiated services which means that the router filters only packets that it receives not those it sends Figure B 2 shows the differentiated services network Client PC AN 2 192 32 9 7 Enterprise 192 32 40 8 128 9 7 26 80 E 5 E p TCP open PC data E HTTP BLN 1 BLN 3 E forms Client server AN 4 PC Client DFS0003A Figure B 2 Differentiated Services Network Using Static Filters 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Configuring the Router Configuration Examples For the network in Figure B 2 you must configure a static traffic filter on the router The tables provide instructions on how to access the appropriate Site Manager windows and configure the specific filter parameters Only those parameters that you must
38. ere developed by the University of California Berkeley The name of the University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from such portions of the software without specific prior written permission SUCH PORTIONS OF THE SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED AS IS AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE In addition the program and information contained herein are licensed only pursuant to a license agreement that contains restrictions on use and disclosure that may incorporate by reference certain limitations and notices imposed by third parties 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Nortel Networks NA Inc Software License Agreement NOTICE Please carefully read this license agreement before copying or using the accompanying software or installing the hardware unit with pre enabled software each of which is referred to as Software in this Agreement BY COPYING OR USING THE SOFTWARE YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT THE TERMS EXPRESSED IN THIS AGREEMENT ARE THE ONLY TERMS UNDER WHICH NORTEL NETWORKS WILL PERMIT YOU TO USE THE SOFTWARE If you do not accept these terms and conditions return the product unused and in the original shipping container within 30 days of purchase to obtain a credit for the full purchase price 1 License Grant Nortel Networks NA Inc Nortel Networks gra
39. ers HTTP Filter Parameter You can filter packets based on URL strings To do this you need to specify the URL using the following parameters in the Add URL window Figure A 11 Figure A 11 Add URL Window Parameter URL Path Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Traffic Filt gt Template gt Create gt Criteria gt Add gt Add URL Default None Options A URL for an HTTP host up to a maximum of 128 characters Function Specifies the particular URL that the router should use as a filter criterion If the router receives a packet with this URL the router filters the packet Instructions Specify a URL for the filter for example www website com You do not have to enter http before the URL the router fills that in automatically MIB Object ID Not applicable 308620 14 00 Rev 00 A 23 Appendix B Configuration Examples This chapter contains the following configuration examples Topic Page A Differentiated Services Network Using Dynamic Filters B 1 A Differentiated Services Network Using Static Traffic Filters B 6 A Differentiated Services Network Using Dynamic Filters In this configuration example a local news station needs to download a video tape from the main news office s video server This video contains critical pictures for a news story so the video data needs to be given priority over other data Figure B 1 shows the differentiated ser
40. ervices Adding a Differentiated Services Interface To add a differentiated services interface complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose DiffServ The DiffServ menu opens 4 Choose Interfaces The DiffServ Interface List window opens 5 Click on Add The DiffServ Interface Record window opens 6 Click on Values The Values Selection window opens 7 Select an IP interface from the list then Site Manager enters this address for the click on OK IP Address parameter 8 Click on OK You return to the DiffServ Interface List window 9 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Customizing Differentiated Services Modifying a Differentiated Services Interface You can modify the configuration type of a differentiated services interface specify which debug messages for an interface are stored in the router s events log and specify an idle timer for URL filters To modify a differentiated services interface complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose IP The IP menu opens Choose DiffServ The D
41. estrictions set forth in subparagraph c 1 of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause of FAR 52 227 19 and the limitations set out in this license for civilian agencies and subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause of DFARS 252 227 7013 for agencies of the Department of Defense or their successors whichever is applicable 6 Use of Software in the European Community This provision applies to all Software acquired for use within the European Community If Licensee uses the Software within a country in the European Community the Software Directive enacted by the Council of European Communities Directive dated 14 May 1991 will apply to the examination of the Software to facilitate interoperability Licensee agrees to notify Nortel Networks of any such intended examination of the Software and may procure support and assistance from Nortel Networks 7 Term and termination This license is effective until terminated however all of the restrictions with respect to Nortel Networks copyright in the Software and user manuals will cease being effective at the date of expiration of the Nortel Networks copyright those restrictions relating to use and disclosure of Nortel Networks confidential information shall continue in effect Licensee may terminate this license at any time The license will automatically terminate if Licensee fails to comply with any of the terms and conditions of the li
42. he differentiated services interface that should use this filter in the Interfaces list 4 Select a template in the Templates list 5 Click on OK You return to the DiffServ Static Filters window Site Manager displays the filter name and its interface in the scroll list 6 Click on Done until you return to the Configuration Manager window Configuring Filters for HTTP Packets To modify a filter to include URLs complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 See Creating a Filter Template on page 2 5 and follow steps 1 through 5 in the table 2 Click on Edit The Edit DiffServ Filters window opens 3 Choose Criteria The Criteria menu opens 4 Choose Add The Add menu opens 5 Choose Add URL The Add URL window opens continued 308620 14 00 Rev 00 2 7 Configuring Differentiated Services Site Manager Procedure continued You do this System responds 6 Set the URL parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 23 7 Click on OK You return to the Edit DiffServ Filters window 8 Click on OK You return to the DiffServ Static Filters window 9 Click on Done until you return to the Configuration Manager window You must always associate a filter criteria with a filter action This ensures that the router uses the URL criterion with the appropriate differ
43. he following topics Topic Page Planning for a Differentiated Services Network 2 1 Starting the Site Manager Configuration Tool 2 2 Preparing a Configuration File 2 2 Enabling Differentiated Services 2 3 Choosing A Filter Mechanism 2 3 What To Do Next 2 8 Planning for a Differentiated Services Network This guide primarily explains how to configure a Nortel Networks router as a differentiated services edge device For the router to successfully operate in a differentiated services network you must obtain the following information prior to configuring it e The IP address of the bandwidth broker The client IP Address and ID of the router Provide this information to the administrator configuring the bandwidth broker 308620 14 00 Rev 00 2 1 Configuring Differentiated Services Starting the Site Manager Configuration Tool Before configuring differentiated services see Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager for instructions on how to use the Configuration Manager for configuration tasks This guide also describes generally how to create and modify a configuration Preparing a Configuration File Before starting differentiated services you must create and save a configuration file with at least one IP interface The physical interface can be any LAN port for example Ethernet or token ring For information about creating a configuration file see Quick Starting Routers
44. i T TCP connection configuring 3 9 TCP KeepAlive Interval parameter A 12 TCP KeepAlive Max Retry Cnt parameter A 13 TCP KeepAlive RTO A 13 TCP port changing 3 10 technical publications xvi technical support xvii text conventions Xiv Token Bucket Rate Kbps parameter A 20 Token Bucket Size Kbps parameter A 20 trigger filter definition 1 2 U uniform resource locator URL using to mark packets 1 8 URL Idle Out Timer parameter A 4 URL parameter A 23 308620 14 00 Rev 00
45. ich the Software is provided will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of 90 days from the date Software is first shipped to Licensee Nortel Networks will replace defective media at no charge if it is returned to Nortel Networks during the warranty period along with proof of the date of shipment This warranty does not apply if the media has been damaged as a result of accident misuse or abuse The Licensee assumes all responsibility for selection of the Software to achieve Licensee s intended results and for the installation use and results obtained from the Software Nortel Networks does not warrant a that the functions contained in the software will meet the Licensee s requirements b that the Software will operate in the hardware or software combinations that the Licensee may select c that the operation of the Software will be uninterrupted or error free or d that all defects in the operation of the Software will be corrected Nortel Networks is not obligated to remedy any Software defect that cannot be reproduced with the latest Software release These warranties do not apply to the Software if it has been i altered except by Nortel Networks or in accordance with its instructions ii used in conjunction with another vendor s product resulting in the defect or iii damaged by improper environment abuse misuse accident or negligence THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES AND LIMITATIONS ARE EXCLUSIVE R
46. iffServ menu opens Choose Interfaces The DiffServ Interface List window opens Select the interface you want to modify DIN FR r Set the following parameters Config Type Debug Log Mask hex URL Idle Out Timer Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 3 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Configuring Differentiated Services Disabling and Reenabling Differentiated Services Interfaces After you create a differentiated services interface by default it is enabled You can disable and reenable a single interface or all interfaces at any time Disabling and Reenabling a Single Interface Site Manager Procedure To disable or reenable a single interface complete the following tasks You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose IP The IP menu opens Choose DiffServ The DiffServ menu opens Choose Interfaces The DiffServ Interface List window opens JAJJI N Select the interface you want to disable or reenable Set the Enable parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 3 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window Disabling and Reenabling All Interfaces To globally disable or reenable differentiated services in
47. indow RFC 2474 defines specific guidelines for configuring the DS field Six bits of the DS field are used to select the per hop behavior of a packet as it travels through each node The last two bits of the field are currently unused The value of these two bits are ignored by differentiated services compliant nodes when determining the per hop behavior to apply to a packet A 18 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Site Manager Parameters DS Police Parameters To configure static traffic filters that police the data flow set the DS Police action for the filter and then configure the parameters in the DS Police window Figure A 10 Token Bucket RateiKbps gt Token Bucket Size Bits Min Policed Bytes Max Policed Bytes 14294967295 Inprofile Marking 100000000 Inprofile Behavior MARK Out of Profile Marking Out of Profile Behavior iNO CHANGE Figure A 10 DS Police Window 308620 14 00 Rev 00 A 19 Configuring Differentiated Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Token Bucket Rate Kbps Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Traffic Filt gt Template gt Create gt Action gt Add gt DiffServ Set Police None Any integer Sets the rate a
48. ing Low flows gt mechanism queue 7 gt o best effort Flows with the DS field marked go to protocol prioritization 1 Router receives data 2 There is a trigger filter match and the differentiated services application is notified 3 Router sends message to bandwidth broker which includes the trigger filter ID and part of the original data packet 4 Bandwidth broker associates traffic with a level of service The dataflow passes policy admission control 5 Bandwidth broker associates the level of service with bandwidth resources The dataflow passes bandwidth admission control 6 The bandwidth broker installs a flow filter on the router DFS0005A Figure 1 3 Nortel Networks Differentiated Services Architecture 308620 14 00 Rev 00 1 7 Configuring Differentiated Services URL Filters The router can filter and mark Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP traffic based on uniform resource locator URL strings For the router to use an URL filter whether it is installed by the bandwidth broker or configured manually it must contain the URL string and optionally any of the following information e Source IP address e Destination IP address e Destination port the default port is 80 Although only the URL string is required for efficient data transmission it is useful to also include one of these other filter criteria After the trigger and flow filters are configured on the router the router can mark inbound HTTP tr
49. iption on page A 7 Click on OK Deleting COPS from the Router You return to the Configuration Manager window To delete COPS functionality from the router complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols System responds The Protocols menu opens Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens 3 Choose COPS Client The COPS Client menu opens 4 Choose COPS Delete A confirmation window prompts Do you REALLY want to delete COPS Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Customizing Differentiated Services Modifying Traffic Filters If you selected static for an interface s configuration type you configured traffic filters because filters are not downloaded from a bandwidth broker Note that unlike standard IP traffic filters only the following actions are allowed for differentiated services traffic filters e Log For every packet that matches the filter entry the router enters a message in the Events log You can specify this action together with other actions e Drop The router does not route any packet that matches the filter criteria e Accept The router forwards a packet without marking it e DiffServ Set Field The router sets the DS byte in the IP header for all packets that match the filter crite
50. ks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners Restricted Rights Legend Use duplication or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 Notwithstanding any other license agreement that may pertain to or accompany the delivery of this computer software the rights of the United States Government regarding its use reproduction and disclosure are as set forth in the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52 227 19 Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability Nortel Networks NA Inc reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice Nortel Networks NA Inc does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Portions of the code in this software product may be Copyright 1988 Regents of the University of California All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms of such portions are permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation advertising materials and other materials related to such distribution and use acknowledge that such portions of the software w
51. monitors which data flows are assigned to a user and whether an application should have network access In addition the policy server polices data flows so it can limit the amount of high priority traffic in the network This prevents network resources from becoming overburdened In some networks the bandwidth broker is the same device as the policy server however they can be different devices Not all differentiated services networks use a policy server e Edge router The edge router resides at the edge of the network Its function is to classify data flows and mark them by setting the DS field in the IP header The DS field designates a specific type of service to each packet and instructs the network how to process the packet e Core network device The core network device which is typically a high performance router resides in the ISP or enterprise network It routes data along the appropriate path through the network This router cannot classify packets itself e Server Manager The server manager which resides outside the network sets up video conferences The server manager sometimes acts as the intermediary between the host and the bandwidth broker passing on the host s requests to the bandwidth broker The server manager is not a required part of a differentiated services network Figure 1 1 shows a differentiated services network that includes a server manager and a bandwidth broker If you manually configure filters
52. n most cases accept the default TCP port 3288 If the bandwidth broker application operates on a port that is different from the default specify a different port 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 13 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Site Manager Parameters COPS Server Record Parameters IP Address Priority The COPS Server Record window Figure A 6 contains the parameters that tell the router how to communicate with the COPS servers With the exception of the IP Address parameter described on page A 16 the parameters in this window are the same as those in the COPS Server List window see Figure A 5 on page A 9 cya S Server See COPS ist Parameters beginning on page A 9 for parameter descriptions Connection Retry Period Connection Retry Count KeepAlive Time Period Report Time Period TCP KeepAlive Interval TCP KeepAlive RTO TCP KeepAlive Max Retry Cnt Remote TCP Port Figure A 6 COPS Server Record Window 308620 14 00 Rev 00 A 15 Configuring Differentiated Services Parameter IP Address Path Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers gt Add Default None Options A valid IP address Function Identifies the COPS server Instructions Enter the IP address of the COPS server MIB Object ID Not applicable Static Traffic Filter Parameters When you click on the Traffic Filt button in the DiffServ Interface List window see Figure
53. ne Choosing A Filter Mechanism You return to the Configuration Manager window In addition to enabling a differentiated services interface you must select a mechanism for installing filters on the router The router uses filters to determine which packets it should mark for special treatment through the network You can either enable the COPS protocol or manually configure filters Note The router does not allow IP traffic filters on a differentiated services interface If you add differentiated services to an interface that already has IP traffic filters configured the router will remove them Go to one of the following sections to choose a filter mechanism Enabling COPS on page 2 4 Enabling Static Filters on page 2 5 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Configuring Differentiated Services Enabling COPS If the router is receiving filters from a bandwidth broker you need to enable COPS so the router can communicate with the bandwidth broker To enable COPS complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the DiffServ Interface List window set the Config Type parameter to COPS Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 4 Site Manager displays a message informing you that the static filters will be deleted and asks if you want to continue 2 Click on OK You return to the DiffServ Interface List window 3 Click on Apply A me
54. nnonrnnnnnrnannnvnrenrrvnnnnvnnennn A 6 Figure A 4 Edit COPS Global Parameters Window c ccsccseseeseeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeaees A 7 Figure A 5 GOPS Server List WINDOW cc cicsiiscoes deccrsencasasseestneiaadersencsiessevadeneteeatazanens A 9 Figure A 6 COPS Server Record Window annrnnrnrnnnannvnnnnnrnnnnnvnnnnnnennnnrnnannnnnnenvrennn A 15 Figure A 7 DiffServ Static Filters WindOW summemmmmumumnrmunrmmmenrnvvvvnv vinn A 16 Figure A 8 Create DiffServ Template Window rnrnnnrnnnnnvnnnnnrvnnnnrnnnnnnenrnrrnnnnnnnennnr A 17 RE EE A 18 Figure A 10 DS Police WNdoW Lu minsnebernstes nsnkemmnssteenvisgrkesende oa ere A 19 Figure ATL Add URL WINGOW cosiciccocctssencctesnmercietanicpasivenmnedcvennensadednserbeceammpeceteaned A 23 Figure B 1 Differentiated Services Network cccccececeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseueeeeeenaees B 2 Figure B 2 Differentiated Services Network Using Static Filters j dene B 6 308620 14 00 Rev 00 ix Tables Table B 1 Filters on the BEN R e uuujeooeemenssnemenseie ad B 3 308620 14 00 Rev 00 xi Preface This guide describes differentiated services and what you do to start and customize these services on a Nortel Networks router Before You Begin Before using this guide you must complete the following procedures For a new router e Install the router see the installation guide that came with your router e Connect the router to the network and create a pilot
55. nnvnvnrenennnnsnnennnvennvennn 3 5 Delsing Single INCE snes iees sertiersaenderiaretenledet teri vada henrette 3 5 Deleting All Interfaces sane EET aan AEE Ska icine arena T PE E MANA COPS GEGE REE ER RE 3 6 Modifying COPS Global Parameters husumersunnmejnmmeenkuennimevv jevne 3 7 Modifying the COPS Server Record added ETE were er Te 3 8 g FE EE n A aerator AN 3 8 M diving The COPS CMG siressa eaaa i iiaa 3 8 Maintaining the TCP Connection to the Server asssssssisssscsreriserurnrrrnerineranrnenunennna 3 9 Ghandna the Remote TOP POTE dmaniiinerairiaiini nenn NENA a hata 3 10 Disabling and Reenabling a COPS Server priste PRE EE EE kald Hira 3 11 Dee a COPS SOVET siiip a E Ear a a EE 3 11 Disabling and Reenabling COPS on the Router smnnvrenvnnnrnvrnnnrnvrnenvrerrennrnnrnrnennrneneen 3 12 Deleting COPS from the Router 0 08 AD PT T AEE RRN PT mele Moct EG RE RE EN das aca 3 13 DS Field and DS Police Traffie FISKE su mmmemmmmnimknekuskno askresnjnjn 3 13 URLE Fitas 2uvmmtisenagskeiuginmjugheitauaajeiaatrlaeriaaseqitaanrreidjonb 3 15 Appendix A Site Manager Parameters Interface List Parameters AE EET desk PE RR dronea toai TT ai Pee Pee ferd PTE aori si tekianomee ena cae ate AS A 5 Differentiated Services Global Parameter rmnurnrnnnnnnvnnnnrrnnannvnnnnnvnnnnrnnannnvnnenrrnnnnnnnnennr A 6 COPS Global Parameter iiaiai E en Ea naa Ei A 7 OP Server List Para melai sorsoran A
56. nts the end user of the Software Licensee a personal nonexclusive nontransferable license a to use the Software either on a single computer or if applicable on a single authorized device identified by host ID for which it was originally acquired b to copy the Software solely for backup purposes in support of authorized use of the Software and c to use and copy the associated user manual solely in support of authorized use of the Software by Licensee This license applies to the Software only and does not extend to Nortel Networks Agent software or other Nortel Networks software products Nortel Networks Agent software or other Nortel Networks software products are licensed for use under the terms of the applicable Nortel Networks NA Inc Software License Agreement that accompanies such software and upon payment by the end user of the applicable license fees for such software 2 Restrictions on use reservation of rights The Software and user manuals are protected under copyright laws Nortel Networks and or its licensors retain all title and ownership in both the Software and user manuals including any revisions made by Nortel Networks or its licensors The copyright notice must be reproduced and included with any copy of any portion of the Software or user manuals Licensee may not modify translate decompile disassemble use for any competitive analysis reverse engineer distribute or create derivative works from the Software or user
57. rameters Token Bucket Rate Kbps Token Bucket Size Bits MIN Policed Bytes MAX Policed Bytes Inprofile Marking Inprofile Behavior Out of Profile Marking Out of Profile Behavior Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 20 9 Click on Save You return to the Edit DiffServ Filters window 10 Click on OK 11 Click on Done until you return to the Configuration Manager window You return to the DiffServ Static Filters window 3 14 308620 14 00 Rev 00 URL Filters Customizing Differentiated Services These procedures assume that you have created a filter template and applied it to a filter To modify a filter that includes a URL as a criterion complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose IP The IP menu opens Choose DiffServ The DiffServ menu opens Choose Interfaces The DiffServ Interface List window opens AJIN Select the interface you want to modify and click on Traffic Filt The DiffServ Static Filters window opens Select the filter you want to edit and click on Edit The Edit DiffServ Filters window opens 7 Select a URL and click on Modify The Edit URL window opens Make any modifications then click on OK You return to the
58. rchased a Nortel Networks service program contact one of the following Nortel Networks Technical Solutions Centers Technical Solutions Center Telephone Number Billerica MA 800 2LANWAN 800 252 6926 Santa Clara CA 800 2LANWAN 800 252 6926 Valbonne France 33 4 92 96 69 68 Sydney Australia 61 2 9927 8800 Tokyo Japan 81 3 5402 7041 308620 14 00 Rev 00 xvii Chapter 1 Differentiated Services Overview Differentiated services is a network architecture that lets service providers and enterprise network environments offer varied levels of service for different types of data traffic Instead of using the best effort service model to ensure data delivery differentiated services lets you designate a specific level of performance on a packet by packet basis If you have applications that require high performance and reliable service such as voice and video over IP you can use differentiated services to give preferential treatment to this data over other traffic For each packet there is a differentiated services field in the packet header that you can mark for specific service For IP packets this is called the DS field The DS field has a specific value that defines how the packet is treated as it travels through the network Differentiated services is scalable making it ideal for large networks Edge devices like Nortel Networks routers classify much of the data lea
59. rentiated services configuration examples B 1 description 1 1 interfaces adding 3 2 interfaces disabling 3 4 method for installing filters 1 1 network devices 1 2 network planning 2 1 starting a default configuration 2 1 DS field description 1 1 E edge router description 1 3 Enable parameter COPS A 7 A 10 Enable parameter global A 6 Enable parameter interface A 3 F filters COPS enabling 2 4 criteria URL 2 7 3 15 static configuration example B 6 customizing 3 13 enabling 2 5 types 2 3 flow filter definition 1 2 Index 1 H HTTP filters 1 8 Inprofile Behavior parameter A 22 Inprofile Marking parameter A 21 interface configuration modifying 3 3 interface parameters A 2 interfaces disabling 3 4 IP Address parameter COPS server A 16 IP Address parameter diffserv global A 5 MAX Policed bytes parameter A 21 MIN Policed bytes parameter A 20 O Out of Profile Behavior parameter A 22 Out of Profile Marking parameter A 22 P packets marking for services 1 6 policy server description 1 3 Priority parameter A 10 product support xvii publications hard copy xvi R Remote TCP Port parameter A 14 Report Time Period parameter A 12 S server manager description 1 3 servers COPS disabling 3 11 Site Manager starting 2 2 Index 2 Solo Slot Mask parameter A 8 static filters customizing 3 13 support Nortel Networks xvi
60. ria e DiffServ Set Police The router monitors the packet flow and determines if that packet is in or out of the profile If the packet fits the profile the router sets the DS byte Another feature unique to differentiated services filters is that you can use URLs as filter criteria which enables the router to mark HTTP packets DS Field and DS Police Traffic Filters These procedures assume that you have created a filter template and applied it to a filter To modify a filter that includes DS Field or DS Police action complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose DiffServ The DiffServ menu opens continued 308620 14 00 Rev 00 3 13 Configuring Differentiated Services Site Manager Procedure continued You do this 4 Choose Interfaces System responds The DiffServ Interface List window opens 5 Select the interface you want to modify and click on Traffic Filt The DiffServ Static Filters window opens 6 Select the filter you want to edit and click on Edit The Edit DiffServ Filters window opens 7 To change the DS field entry choose Action gt Edit DS Field The DS Field window opens 8 To modify the DS Police action choose Action gt Edit DS Police and set the following pa
61. s many interfaces as you want Each template must contain filter criteria and filter actions log drop accept set DS field set DS police The actions are performed on the filtered packets Note Log is the only action that you can combine with other actions For example you cannot combine Set DS Field and Set DS Police for one filter Creating a Filter Template To configure a differentiated services filter template complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose IP The IP menu opens Choose DiffServ The DiffServ menu opens Choose Interfaces The DiffServ Interface List window opens a AJE N Select the interface you want to modify and click on Traffic Filt The DiffServ Static Filters window opens Click on Template The Filter Template Management window opens Click on Create The Create DiffServ Template window opens Enter a name for the template in the Filter Name field continued 308620 14 00 Rev 00 2 5 Configuring Differentiated Services Site Manager Procedure continued 9 You do this Choose Criteria System responds The Criteria menu opens 10 Choose Add The Add menu opens 11 Add one or more filter criteria choose DiffServ Set Field and se
62. ssage prompts Static filters will be deleted Do you want to continue 4 Click on OK You return to the DiffServ Interface List window 5 Click on COPS Global The Edit COPS Global Parameters window opens 6 Set the following parameters e Client IP Address Client ID Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 8 7 Click on OK You return to the DiffServ Interface List window 8 Click on COPS Servers The COPS Server List window opens 9 Click on Add The COPS Server Record window opens Set the IP Address parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 16 11 Click on OK You return to the COPS Server List window with the server entry listed 12 Click on Done You return to the DiffServ Interface List 13 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Enabling Static Filters Starting Differentiated Services If your network does not use a bandwidth broker you need to manually configure filters on the router When you create traffic filters it is important to understand the difference between a traffic filter template and an actual traffic filter A filter template is a reusable predefined specification for a traffic filter You create an actual traffic filter when you apply a filter template to a configured router interface You can apply a single template to a
63. t Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Traffic Filt gt Template gt Create gt Action gt Add gt DiffServ Set Police Mark Mark No Change Tells the router how to treat packets that are within the filter profile If you want the packet to be marked according to the value in the Inprofile Marking parameter accept the default Mark If not select No Change Not applicable Out of Profile Marking Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Traffic Filt gt Template gt Create gt Action gt Add gt DiffServ Set Police 00000000 00000000 to 11111111 If the packet size does not fit the filter profile for example the host is sending more data than it should this parameter tells the router how to mark the packet Enter the value that the router should use to mark the packet Not applicable Out of Profile Behavior Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Traffic Filt gt Template gt Create gt Action gt Add gt DiffServ Set Police No Change No Change Mark Drop Tells the router how to treat the packet if it does not fit the filter profile If you want the packet to be marked according to the value in the Out of Profile Marking parameter select Mark If you want the router to drop the packet select Drop Otherwise accept the default No Change Not applicable A 22 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Site Manager Paramet
64. t a value for the DS Field 00000000 to 11111111 See DS Field on page A 18 for more information 12 Choose Action The Action menu opens 13 Choose Add The Add menu opens 14 To select the DS field as the filter action 15 To select the DiffServ Police as the filter action choose DiffServ Set Police and set the following parameters Token Bucket Rate Kbps Token Bucket Size Bits Inprofile Marking Out of Profile Marking Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 20 Accept the default values for the other parameters 16 Click on Save You return to the Create DiffServ Template window 17 Click on OK You return to the Filter Template Management window 18 Click on Done You return to the DiffServ Static Filters window 19 Apply the filter template according to the instructions in the next table 2 6 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Starting Differentiated Services Applying the Template to a Filter After you create your differentiated services filter template you need to create a filter by applying the template to a differentiated services interface To apply a filter template complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 Inthe DiffServ Static Filters window click The Create Filter window opens on Create 2 Enter a name for the filter in the Filter Name field 3 Select t
65. t which the router accepts data Specifying the data rate can prevent the host from sending too much data to the router Enter a value for the data rate Not applicable Token Bucket Size Bits Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Traffic Filt gt Template gt Create gt Action gt Add gt DiffServ Set Police None Any integer Determines the burst size of data that the router accepts This parameter enables the router to guard against large bursts of data it balances the flow of data Enter a value for the bucket size Not applicable MIN Policed Bytes Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Traffic Filt gt Template gt Create gt Action gt Add gt DiffServ Set Police 20 Any integer Specifies the minimum packet size that the router allows for the network If the packet size is smaller than the value set for this parameter the router uses this parameter value as the packet size If the packet size is larger than this parameter the router uses the packet s actual size Enter a value for the minimum packet size that the router should police Not applicable A 20 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Site Manager Parameters MAX Policed Bytes Configuration Manager gt
66. terfaces complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens continued 3 4 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Customizing Differentiated Services Site Manager Procedure continued You do this Choose DiffServ System responds The DiffServ menu opens Choose Global The Edit DiffServ Global Parameters window opens Set the Enable parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 6 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window Deleting Differentiated Services Interfaces You can delete a single interface or all interfaces from the router Deleting a Single Interface To delete a single interface complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose IP The IP menu opens Choose DiffServ The DiffServ menu opens Choose Interfaces The DiffServ Interface List window opens n J N Select the interface you want to disable or reenable and click on Delete Site Manager removes the interface from the list Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 308620 14 00
67. the Bandwidth Broker 308620 14 00 Rev 00 1 5 Configuring Differentiated Services Marking Packets for Specific Services A packet s assigned level of service determines whether it receives preferential treatment as it travels through the network The DS field has a specific value that determines the service If the router communicates with a bandwidth broker the process of installing filters and marking packets is as follows 1 The edge router contacts the bandwidth broker with a configuration request This happens automatically as part of the router s normal differentiated services activity for each differentiated services interface The bandwidth broker responds by downloading a set of trigger and flow filters from its database to the edge router When a packet arrives at a router s differentiated services interface the router checks its trigger filter and flow filters if any are installed to see if the packet matches either filter s criteria If the packet matches the trigger filter s criteria the router sends a message to the bandwidth broker For the purposes of this explanation we will assume that the packet did not match any previously installed flow filter After the bandwidth broker receives a message from the router it responds possibly with its own request to install additional filters The router may or may not accept the additional filters because it may have a limit on the number of filters it c
68. v Interface List window select the interface you want to modify and click on Traffic Filt The DiffServ Static Filters window opens 2 Click on Template The Filter Template Management window opens 3 Click on Create The Create DiffServ Template window opens 4 Enter httpfilter in the Filter Name field 5 Choose Criteria The Criteria window opens 6 Choose Add and add the following criteria IP Source Address 128 9 7 0 to 128 9 7 255 IP Destination Address 192 32 40 8 e TCP frame TCP Source Port unspecified TCP Destination Port 80 Add URL URL www hradmin com Choose Action The Action menu opens 8 Choose Add The Add menu opens 9 To filter using the DiffServ Police choose DiffServ Set Police and set the following parameters Token Bucket Rate Kbps 5 MB s e Token Bucket Size Bits 1600 Inprofile Marking 00100000 10 Click on Save You return to the Create DiffServ Template window 11 Click on OK You return to the Filter Template Management window 12 Click on Done You return to the DiffServ Static Filters window 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Configuration Examples Apply the template you just created by completing the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the DiffServ Static Filters window click on Create The Create Filter window opens Enter
69. verned by the laws of the state of California Should you have any questions concerning this Agreement contact Nortel Networks 4401 Great America Parkway PO Box 58185 Santa Clara California 95054 8185 LICENSEE ACKNOWLEDGES THAT LICENSEE HAS READ THIS AGREEMENT UNDERSTANDS IT AND AGREES TO BE BOUND BY ITS TERMS AND CONDITIONS LICENSEE FURTHER AGREES THAT THIS AGREEMENT IS THE ENTIRE AND EXCLUSIVE AGREEMENT BETWEEN NORTEL NETWORKS AND LICENSEE WHICH SUPERSEDES ALL PRIOR ORAL AND WRITTEN AGREEMENTS AND COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE PARTIES PERTAINING TO THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THIS AGREEMENT NO DIFFERENT OR ADDITIONAL TERMS WILL BE ENFORCEABLE AGAINST NORTEL NETWORKS UNLESS NORTEL NETWORKS GIVES ITS EXPRESS WRITTEN CONSENT INCLUDING AN EXPRESS WAIVER OF THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT iv 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Contents Preface PE EN xiii EEE cations aden adept eee xiv PCOS EEE a eee ena Xvi Hard Copy Technical SBS vammaemnnennnsensveeaooaskshnddnandsuknijrikevnndsiiel xvi Fon to Get ERE xvii Chapter 1 Differentiated Services Overview Implementing Differentiated Services rrrrnnnnvnnnnrrnnnnnvnnnenrnnannrnnnnnnnnnnnrnnnannnenennnnennnnenenn 1 1 Components of a Differentiated Services Network rrrrrrnrnnnnnvnnnonvvnnnnrnnnrnvrnnnnrrnnennnnrenn 1 2 Communicating with the Bandwidth Broker ccccsesceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaaeseeneeessaeesseneees 1 4 Marking Packets for Speco Serices Lusnssnassma kokende 1 6 URG EOT airna 1
70. vices network 308620 14 00 Rev 00 B 1 Configuring Differentiated Services ISP network Bandwidth broker Policy server 192 32 46 7 TCP open 192 32 46 8 AN 4000 data Video BLN H server 192 32 46 9 All filters are installed on this interface AN 192 32 20 2 Seren Trigger filter F1 Flow filter F2 Figure B 1 DFS0002A Differentiated Services Network Prior to any data being transmitted the system administrator for the policy server needs to create a policy This policy generates a trigger filter and a flow filter that the bandwidth broker installs on the BLN router Table B 1 on page B 3 shows the two filters installed on the BLN router 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Configuration Examples Table B 1 Filters on the BLN Router Trigger Filter Flow Filter Criteria F1 F2 IP source address 192 32 46 8 192 32 46 8 IP destination address 192 32 6 0 192 32 6 255 192 32 6 14 TCP source port 4000 4000 TCP destination port unspecified 59862 Police action trigger 2 MB s Idle time N A 2 minutes Mark N A 01000000 The sequence of events in this network is as follows 1 When the router activates it connects to the bandwidth broker The bandwidth broker automatically installs the trigger filter F1 on the router The remote
71. video client establishes a TCP connection to the video server and requests the video data The video server begins sending the data to the client The first packet that the server sends reaches the BLN router The router matches the packet to the trigger filter criteria and then sends a trigger filter event message to the bandwidth broker This event message includes the first packet sent by the video server After the bandwidth broker receives the trigger packet it installs the flow filter F2 on the BLN router The router looks at each packet that it receives and marks the video packets according to the configuration of the flow filter F2 Note Prior to the router receiving the flow filter some of the initial packets sent by the video server are not marked they are simply sent on a best effort basis However these initial packets are often control packets and not actual data 6 When the core devices in the network receive the marked packets they look at the DS field interpret the marked packet and give the video data priority over other data sending the data to the remote video client 308620 14 00 Rev 00 B 3 Configuring Differentiated Services After all the data is sent the BLN router waits for 2 minutes which in this example is the idle time and then removes the flow filter It then sends a message to the bandwidth broker indicating that the flow filter has been removed Configuring the Router
72. ving less of the processing for the core of the network In addition the services can aggregate traffic for more efficient transmission Implementing Differentiated Services In any differentiated services network the edge router is responsible for filtering and marking data packets for service however there are two different methods for configuring filters on the edge router You can install filters using one of two methods e Dynamically install them by a server called the bandwidth broker which communicates with the router using the Common Open Policy Server COPS protocol Trigger and flow filters are then automatically installed on the router 308620 14 00 Rev 00 1 1 Configuring Differentiated Services Manually configure them on the edge router You can create filters that instruct the router to mark specific packets for special service throughout the network If you manually configure filters there is no need for a bandwidth broker or policy server Implementing a differentiated depends on your specific network requirements If you implement differentiated services with a bandwidth broker you have more flexibility and control over your network but you have the cost and effort of maintaining a server Conversely if you manually configuring filters this requires a lot of work because you must configure each router separately but you do not have the added cost of maintaining a server Components of a Differentiated
73. w Changing the Remote TCP Port If the bandwidth broker application operates on a different port than the default which is the defined COPS standard you can specify a different port In most cases however you can use the default port To modify the remote TCP port complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens Choose COPS Client The COPS Client menu opens Choose COPS Servers The COPS Server List window opens a A JEIN Set the Remote TCP Port parameter Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 14 6 Click on Apply 7 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 3 10 308620 14 00 Rev 00 Customizing Differentiated Services Disabling and Reenabling a COPS Server To disable and reenable a single COPS server complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens Choose COPS Client Choose COPS Servers The COPS Client menu opens The COPS Server List window opens a AJEe N Select the server entry you want to disa
74. w server to the server list 8 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window Modifying COPS Global Parameters In most cases you do not need to modify the solo slot mask the COPS client s IP address or the client ID after you initially configure them However you may modify these parameters To modify the client s address and ID complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens 3 Choose COPS Client The COPS Client menu opens 4 Choose COPS Global The Edit COPS Global Parameters window opens 5 Set the following parameters Solo Slot Mask Client IP Address e Client ID Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 8 6 Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window 308620 14 00 Rev 00 3 7 Configuring Differentiated Services Modifying the COPS Server Record The following sections describe how to modify the COPS server record Prioritizing COPS Servers You can prioritize the available COPS servers so that the router tries connecting to one server before trying another The router can connect to only one server at a time To assign a priority number to each server complete the following tasks Site Manager Proc

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