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Avaya Configuring ATM Half-Bridge Services User's Manual

1. Before You Begin Before using this guide you must complete the following procedures For a new router e Install the router refer to the installation manual that came with your router e Connect the router to the network and create a pilot configuration file refer to Quick Starting Routers Configuring BayStack Remote Access or Connecting ASN Routers to a Network Make sure that you are running the latest version of Bay Networks Site Manager and router software For instructions refer to the BayRS Version 12 10 Document Change Notice 300017 A Rev 00 xiii Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Conventions bold text italic text quotation marks screen text separator gt vertical line I Indicates text that you need to enter command names and buttons in menu paths Example Enter wism amp Example Use the dinfo command Example ATM DXI gt Interfaces gt PVCs identifies the PVCs button in the window that appears when you select the Interfaces option from the ATM DXI menu Indicates variable values in command syntax descriptions new terms file and directory names and book titles Indicate the title of a chapter or section within a book Indicates data that appears on the screen Example Set Bay Networks Trap Monitor Filters Separates menu and option names in instructions and internal pin to pin wire connections Example Protocols gt AppleTalk id
2. You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose AHB The AHB menu opens 4 Choose Global The Edit ATM Half Bridge Global Parameters window opens 5 Set the Alternate Init File parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 4 6 Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window Specifying the Debug Level You can display the level of debug messaging you want the AHB router to display in its log file by specifying a value for the Debug Level parameter By default the debug level is set to 0 meaning that AHB disables all debug messages You can specify a debug level value from 1 to 5 Specifying a higher value causes AHB to display more detailed debug messages To specify the debug level complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose AHB The AHB menu opens 4 Choose Global The Edit ATM Half Bridge Global Parameters window opens continued 3 6 300017 A Rev 00 Customizing AHB Services Site Manager Procedure continued You do this System responds 5 Set the Debug Level parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 4
3. None 300017 A Rev 00 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Unsecure Learning Method AHB learns new bridge entries from any IP and ARP packets it receives on ATM AHB configured interfaces when you set the auto learn method to unsecure or both Secure Learning Method When you set the auto learning method to Secure or Both AHB learns new bridge entries from DHCP replies sent on AHB configured circuits Secure entries take precedence over unsecure entries Before you can use secure learning mode make sure that you e Configure BootP on both the unnumbered ATM interface and on the associated numbered IP interface e Configure a BootP preferred server or forwarding interface on the unnumbered ATM interface use the circuit number as the IP source address e Verify that the IP address assigned by the DHCP server is on a different subnet than the BootP gateway address that is the associated numbered IP interface In secure learning mode the AHB router serves as a BootP relay agent forwarding DHCP requests it receives from CPE hosts When you set the learning method to both AHB learns bridge entries either securely and unsecurely When you set the learning method to None AHB will not learn new bridge entries For information about configuring the auto learn method on an AHB router see Chapter 3 Setting the Auto Learn Method 1 8 300017 A Rev 00 ATM Half Bridge Overview Maintaining the AHB Bridge T
4. You must configure an IP interface on a non ATM AHB interface This can be a LAN interface or a frame relay interface You use this IP interface address as the associated IP interface when defining the unnumbered IP circuit for the AHB router To configure an IP interface on the router begin at the Module List window and complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 Inthe Module List choose a link module for example Quad Ethernet 2 Click on a link module connector for example XCVR1 The Add Circuit List window opens 3 Supply a circuit name or accept the default circuit name and click on OK The Select Protocols window opens 4 Select IP then click on OK 5 Specify a valid IP address in dotted decimal notation for the IP address parameter for example 1 1 1 1 Click on Help or see the parameter description on page page A 15 The IP Configuration window opens 6 Accept the default values for the following parameters Subnet Mask Transmit Beast Addr UnNumbered Assoc Address Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions on page A 15 7 Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window 300017 A Rev 00 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Configuring Circuitless IP on the Router To operate AHB you must configure unnumbered IP interfaces on the router and assign an associated IP ad
5. 4 Choose Delete AHB You return to the Configuration Manager window 300017 A Rev 00 3 11 Appendix A AHB BootP DHCP IP and ATM Parameter Descriptions This appendix contains reference information about customizing AHB global configuration and AHB circuit parameters It also contains a subset of parameter descriptions for BootP DHCP IP and ATM that you can use to configure AHB Topic Page AHB Global Parameters A 2 AHB Circuit Parameters A 6 BootP Relay Agent Interface Table Parameters A 8 BootP Address Parameters A 10 BootP Relay Agent Preferred Server Table Parameters A 12 BootP Preferred Server Configuration Parameters A 14 IP Configuration Parameters A 15 ATM Interface Parameter Descriptions A 17 ATM Service Record Parameter Descriptions A 19 ATM Virtual Channel Link Parameter Descriptions A 23 For each parameter this appendix provides the following information e Parameter name e Configuration Manager menu path e Default setting e Valid parameter options e Parameter function 300017 A Rev 00 A 1 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services e Instructions for setting the parameter e Management information base MIB object ID The Technician Interface allows you to modify parameters by issuing set and commit commands with the MIB object ID This process is equivalent to modifying parameters using Site Manager For more information about using the Technician Int
6. 6 Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window Enabling and Disabling Inbound Packet Filtering By default inbound packet filtering is disabled on the AHB router This means that AHB forwards bridge packets it receives from CPE hosts regardless of whether a table entry exists in the bridge table for that host When you enable inbound packet filtering on the AHB router AHB verifies that the source address in the IP packet is contained in the bridge table and that it corresponds to the circuit and virtual connection identification number VCID contained in the AHB bridge table This is a check to ensure that the packets received by the AHB router are valid To enable and disable inbound packet filtering on the AHB router complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose AHB The AHB menu opens 4 Choose Global The Edit ATM Half Bridge Global Parameters window opens 5 Set the Inbound Packet Filtering parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 5 6 Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window 300017 A Rev 00 3 7 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Modifying AHB Circuits You can modify AHB circuits by changing the AHB circuit parameters located
7. Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services BayRS Version 12 10 Site Manager Software Version 6 10 Part No 300017 A Rev 00 February 1998 GS Bay Networks a Bay Networks 4401 Great America Parkway 8 Federal Street Santa Clara CA 95054 Billerica MA 01821 Copyright 1998 Bay Networks Inc All rights reserved Printed in the USA February 1998 The information in this document is subject to change without notice The statements configurations technical data and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable but are presented without express or implied warranty Users must take full responsibility for their applications of any products specified in this document The information in this document is proprietary to Bay Networks Inc The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may only be used in accordance with the terms of that license A summary of the Software License is included in this document Trademarks BCN BLN BN FRE GAME Optivity PPX and Bay Networks are registered trademarks and Advanced Remote Node ANH ARN ASN BayeSIS BayStack BCC BCNX BLNX IP AutoLearn PathMan RouterMan Bay Networks Press and the Bay Networks logo are trademarks of Bay Networks Inc Microsoft MS MS DOS Win32 Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their res
8. Figure A 7 Interface Attributes Window Sequence Parameter Administrative State Path Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt ATM gt Interfaces Default Up Options Up Down Function Specifies whether this interface is enabled or disabled Instructions Accept the default Up if you want traffic to flow over this interface Set the state to Down if you do not want traffic to flow over this interface MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 4 23 1 1 1 3 300017 A Rev 00 A 17 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Use Hardware MAC Address Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt ATM gt Interfaces Enable Enable Disable Specifies whether or not to use the hardware MAC address for this interface When this parameter is enabled the Configuration Manager uses the ATM hardware MAC address of the link module for the end station identifier when automatically generating the user part suffix of an SVC service record ATM address When this parameter is disabled the Configuration Manager uses the value specified in the MAC Address Override parameter to define the end station identifier when automatically generating the user part suffix of an SVC service record ATM address Accept the default Enable if you want to use the MAC address of the ATM interface when automatically generating the end station identifier portion of the ATM address use
9. OT ne es ee OCB3link 1 I 1 i IP ATM Frame relay BLN BCN router 1483 encapsulated IP packets in ATM Frames ATMO050A Figure 1 1 DSL Network with an AHB Router The following steps explain how IP packets travel from the CPE host remote user on an Ethernet segment to the AHB router located at the public network provider s central office 1 A user PC or workstation at a remote site sends Ethernet packets to an ATU R attached to a remote Ethernet LAN segment 10 MB 2 The ATU R acting as an Ethernet ATM bridge performs the following tasks e Accepts the Ethernet packets e Segments the Ethernet packets into ATM cells according to RFC 1483 802 2 LLC bridge encapsulation e Transmits the ATM cells to a DSLAM ATU C at the public network provider s site 3 The ATU C receives the ATM cells which are multiplexed along with cells from other ATU Cs and transmits them to the ATM network over one or more OC 3 links 300017 A Rev 00 1 3 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services 4 The ATM network located at the central office switches the ATM cells and forwards them over PVCs to the ATM interface on the AHB router How the AHB Router Works AHB combines bridging and IP routing on the router platform On the DSL access side the router receives RFC 1483 encapsulated bridged Ethernet frames contain
10. gt Relay Agent Interface Table 0 0 to 65535 seconds Specifies the minimum number of seconds that the router waits before forwarding a DHCP packet If the value in the seconds field of a DHCP packet is less than the value you specify for this parameter the router drops the packet Accept the default 0 or specify a number from 1 to 65535 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 1 1 6 300017 A Rev 00 A 9 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Pass Through Mode Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table BOOTP BOOTP DHCP BOOTP and DHCP Specifies whether the interface relays BootP DHCP or both BootP and DHCP requests Select BOOTP to relay BootP requests select DHCP to relay DHCP requests select BOOTP and DHCP to relay both kinds of requests 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 1 1 16 BootP Address Parameters Use the following guidelines to configure DHCP parameters in the BOOTP Addresses window The BOOTP Addresses window Figure A 4 contains parameters that allow you to specify the IP interface addresses input output that you want to receive and forward DHCP packets Input IP Address Output IP Address Figure A 4 BOOTP Addresses Window A 10 300017 A Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID AHB BootP DHCP IP and ATM Parameter
11. virtual channel identifiers from 0 to 31 are reserved for signaling and added functionality Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Hybrid Bridged VC Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt ATM gt Service Records gt PVC No Yes No Specifies whether the VC is set to hybrid access mode Accept the default No if you want the VC to work in group access mode only Set to Yes if you want the VC to operate as a hybrid VC For more information about the group and hybrid access modes see Configuring ATM Services 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 4 23 1 5 1 25 A 24 300017 A Rev 00 Appendix B Understanding ATM Concepts This appendix provides an overview of basic ATM concepts and the specific ways Bay Networks implements these concepts on BayRS routers You must understand basic ATM concepts and terminology before you can begin using ATM Half Bridge services ATM General Information ATM Cells Before you can begin using ATM Half Bridge services you must understand some basic ATM concepts and how ATM works Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM is a connection oriented cell based technology that relays traffic across a Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network B ISDN It is a cost effective way of transmitting voice video and data across a network An ATM cell is a short fixed length packet of 53 bytes It consists of a 5 byte header containing address information and a fixed 48
12. ATM attached hosts to whichever border router has the best route If this border router fails or if the link goes down then the packets are sent to the alternate border router The gateway address does not need to belong to a real device because the ISP border router forwards packets based on the destination IP address For information about configuring IP filters for source based routing see Chapter 3 Configuring Traffic Filters for Source Based Routing Responding to Proxy ARP Requests By default AHB receives ARP requests from ATM attached hosts When the AHB router receives an ARP request it responds to this request with its own hardware address as the target MAC address You must enable proxy ARP separately on each circuit When proxy ARP is enabled the AHB router responds to ARP requests if all of the following conditions are true e The ARP request received by AHB is not a self ARP request that is the host IP address equals the target IP address or the source address equals 0 0 0 0 e The host s sender address is already in the bridge table or can be learned from this packet unsecure mode enabled e The target host address either is in the host table and has a different circuit VPI VCI or the target host address is not in the bridge table For information about configuring proxy ARP see Chapter 3 Enabling and Disabling Proxy ARP on a Circuit 300017 A Rev 00 1 11 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Se
13. IP interface that receives DHCP packets from CPE hosts Instructions Enter the IP address of a numbered network interface that you want to receive DHCP packets from CPE hosts MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 3 1 3 A 14 300017 A Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID AHB BootP DHCP IP and ATM Parameter Descriptions Target Server IP Address Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table gt Pref Serv gt Add None Any valid IP address Specifies the address of the DHCP server that should receive DHCP packets Enter the IP address of the DHCP server that should receive DHCP packets 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 3 1 4 IP Configuration Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID IP Address Select IP from the Select Protocols window and click on OK None 0 0 0 0 or any valid IP address Assigns a 32 bit IP address to the interface Enter the IP address of the interface in dotted decimal notation Enter 0 0 0 0 to configure an unnumbered interface on the circuit 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 2 1 4 1 4 Subnet Mask Select IP from the Select Protocols window and click on OK None The Configuration Manager automatically calculates an appropriate subnet mask depending on the class of the net
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15. PVCs on that service record changes to NULL Site Manager does not ask you to verify this change e If you change the data encapsulation value in the Site Manager ATM Service Records List window all new PVCs that you add to that service record use the new value PVC Access Methods For AHB you can set up PVCs to access an ATM network in the following ways e Multiple PVCs per sevice record e One PVC per service record B 6 300017 A Rev 00 Understanding ATM Concepts Multiple PVCs Of the two methods having multiple PVCs per service record uses network addressing most efficiently and is the easiest to configure Upper layer protocols treat each service record on an ATM network interface as a single access point These protocols use a single network address to send all traffic destined for the network to the ATM network interface Figure B 3 shows a conceptual drawing of multiple PVCs accessing an ATM network through one service record ATM physical interface o I i Service record Upper layer rotocol p l Service Lee Ai 1 record f I I Site E l 1 Site E I l a i A AM0018B ee eee 4 Figure B 3 Multiple PVCs per Service Record Although you need to configure each PVC manually you need only define and associate protocols with the ATM network service record All the PVCs that you configure for a given ATM service record carry the protocols that you select and configure to run on that servi
16. bridge entry The IP address is assigned at this time If no matching bridge entry is found for an incoming packet on an AHB interface the packet may still be forwarded if either it is a DHCP packet or if you have disabled inbound packet filtering 300017 A Rev 00 ATM Half Bridge Overview Forwarding Outbound Packets to CPE Hosts IP packets received from ISP s or corporate networks that are destined for CPE hosts are sent to AHB based on the AHB route in the IP routing table When AHB receives IP packets it searches its local bridge table for an associated bridge entry based on the packet s destination IP address If AHB finds an associated bridge entry it adds the RFC 1483 encapsulation and Ethernet header information to the packet Then it forwards the packet on the correct outgoing interface and PVC to reach the remote CPE host If AHB does not find an associated bridge entry for the packet in its bridge table it drops the packet Using DHCP to Dynamically Assign IP Addresses CPE hosts can use DHCP to obtain their IP address and default gateway address When you boot the router the CPE host sends a DHCP request packet which is relayed by the DSL modem to the AHB router The AHB router acts as a DHCP BootP relay agent When the BootP relay agent configured on the ATM service record receives the DHCP request packet it fills in the associated IP interface address the address you specified for the ATM interface as the ga
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18. table entry to identify the correct IP address as provided by the DHCP server When AHB learns the first host entry on a network it inserts a route into the IP routing table for that network 300017 A Rev 00 1 9 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Removing Bridge Table Entries AHB removes an existing table entry whenever it adds a new entry with the same source MAC address ATM port and VPI VCI number AHB also removes a table entry when it receives a DHCPRELEASE message assuming that the source IP address to ATM port VPI VCI mapping is correct If the entry being removed is on the original slot all other slots that have received copies are notified to remove those entries When AHB removes the last host entry on a network it deletes the corresponding route from the IP routing table Replacing Bridge Table Entries If the bridge table contains a bridge entry that was learned on a different circuit PVC and AHB learns another IP packet with the same IP address on a different circuit and VCID then AHB replaces the old entry with the new entry New entries that AHB learns in unsecure mode do not replace existing entries learned in secure mode even if AHB learned them on different slots Using Source Based Routing The network provider can use source based routing to ensure that the packet sent from a CPE host travels to the correct ISP gateway first regardless of its destination address The ISP gateway can be an edge router di
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20. 2 300017 A Rev 00 AHB BootP DHCP IP and ATM Parameter Descriptions ATM Virtual Channel Link Parameter Descriptions Note ATM does not allow duplicate VPI VCI pairs on the same physical interface However duplicate VPI VCI pairs can exist on different physical interfaces Parameter VPI Number Path Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt ATM gt Service Records gt PVC gt Add Default None Options 0 to 255 Function Identifies the virtual path of the PVC The VPI is part of the cell header The header can contain a maximum of 8 VPI bits for a UNI connection This bit range allows for path identifiers from 0 to 255 Instructions Enter a value from 0 to 255 MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 4 23 1 5 1 3 Note Following the recommendation of the ATM Forum virtual channel identifiers from 0 to 31 are reserved for signaling and added functionality 300017 A Rev 00 A 23 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID VCI Number Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt ATM gt Service Records gt PVC gt Add None 32 to 65535 Identifies the virtual channel of the PVC The VCI is part of the cell header The header can contain a maximum of 16 VCI bits This bit range allows for path identifiers from 0 to 65535 Enter a value from 32 to 65535 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 4 23 1 5 1 4 Note Following the recommendation of the ATM Forum
21. Descriptions To access the BOOTP Addresses window complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose BOOTP The BOOTP menu opens 4 Choose Relay Agent Interface Table The BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window opens This window lists the IP interfaces that you configured on the router 5 Click on Forward I F The BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table window opens 6 Click on Add The BOOTP Addresses window opens The BootP address parameter descriptions follow Input IP Address Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table gt Forward I F gt Add None Any valid IP address Specifies the IP interface that receives DHCP packets from CPE hosts Enter the IP address of an interface that you want to receive DHCP packets from CPE hosts 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 2 1 3 300017 A Rev 00 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Output IP Address Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table gt Forward I F gt Add None Any valid IP address Specifies the IP interface that forwards DHCP packets to an external network Enter the IP address of a numbered ne
22. EC attributes SVC service records using LANE data encapsulation Figure A 8 shows the sequence of windows that can appear when you select the service attributes category and configure a PVC 300017 A Rev 00 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Configuration Manager window Edit ATM connector window ATM service records list window ATM service record parameters window ATM virtual channel link window ATM virtual channel link parameters window ATM0042A Figure A 8 Service Attributes Window Sequence PVCs A 20 300017 A Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID AHB BootP DHCP IP and ATM Parameter Descriptions Enable Disable Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt ATM gt Service Records Enable Enable Disable Enables or disables this service record Accept the default Enable if you want traffic to flow on this service record and its VCs Set to Disable if you do not want traffic to flow on this service record or any of its VCs 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 4 23 1 2 1 2 Data Encapsulation Type Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt ATM gt Service Records gt Add LANE signaling enabled or LLC SNAP signaling disabled LANE LLC SNAP NLPID NULL Identifies the data encapsulation type for this service record You can use thi
23. HB auto learning methods both 1 3 none 1 3 secure 1 3 unsecure 1 3 bridge entries adding 1 9 deleting 1 9 removing 1 9 concepts and terminology 1 1 300017 A Rev 00 Index configuration 2 5 configuration requirements 2 1 described 1 1 forwarding inbound packets 1 4 maintaining the bridge table for 1 3 modifying the AHB configuration 3 1 network planning considerations 2 1 responding to ARP requests 1 9 starting 2 1 using inbound packet filtering 1 12 using source based routing 1 9 Auto Learn Method parameter 3 2 A 3 BootP configuring preferred servers 2 12 defining forwarding paths 2 10 Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network B ISDN B 1 Cc cell switching B 3 technology B 1 circuitless IP interface configuring 2 4 Configuration A 6 A 19 A 22 customer support programs xvii Technical Solutions Centers xvii Index 1 D Data Encapsulation Type parameter description service record A 21 Debug Level parameter 3 6 A 4 DHCP defining forwarding paths 2 10 using to dynamically assign IP addresses 1 3 digital subscriber line DSL 1 1 DSL access multiplexor DSLAM 1 2 E Enable ATM Signaling parameter description A 19 Enable parameter A 3 A 6 Enable Proxy ARP parameter 3 10 A 7 Enable Disable service record parameter description A 21 encapsulation multiprotocol B 5 F forwarding paths BootP and DHCP 2 10 H Hops paramet
24. OTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table gt Pref Serv gt Add None Any string of printable ASCII characters up to 63 characters in length including embedded spaces Specifies the target server s host name To keep track of the names of DHCP servers enter the target server s host name 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 3 1 5 Pass Through Mode Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table gt Pref Serv gt Add BOOTP BOOTP DHCP BOOTP and DHCP Specifies whether the interface relays BootP DHCP or both BootP and DHCP requests Select BOOTP to relay BootP requests select DHCP to relay DHCP requests select BOOTP and DHCP to relay both kinds of requests 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 3 1 6 300017 A Rev 00 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services BootP Preferred Server Configuration Parameters The BOOTP Preferred Server Configuration window Figure A 6 contains parameters that allow you to specify the IP address of the relay agent on the router and the IP address of the target server Cancel OK Help Target Server IP Address Figure A 6 BOOTP Preferred Server Configuration Window The BootP preferred server configuration parameter descriptions follow Parameter Relay Agent IP Address Path Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table gt Pref Serv gt Add Default None Options Any valid IP address Function Specifies the
25. PVCs using RFC 1483 SNAP LLC encapsulation AHB converts RFC 1483 bridge frames containing IP packets to unencapsulated routed frames and performs the reverse function for packets returning from the opposite direction 300017 A Rev 00 1 1 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Bay Networks designed AHB to meet the requirements of public network providers who want to develop an end to end solution using DSL to provide high speed internet and remote LAN access to ISP s and corporate networks The AHB router supports the public network provider s WAN infrastructure network by performing the bidirectional conversion of RFC 1483 Ethernet bridged packets for IP routing to and from the ISP and corporate networks Figure 1 1 shows a sample DSL access network that uses an AHB router This network is divided into four separate segments e The customer premises which consist of the remote host and modem referred to as ADSL terminal unit remote end devices ATU R e The network provider POP which consists of DSL access multiplexor ADSL terminal unit central devices DSLAM ATU C ATM access network and the AHB router e The public network WAN infrastructure typically IP over ATM or frame relay e The ISP or corporate network which provides internet service for remote CPE stations 1 2 300017 A Rev 00 ATM Half Bridge Overview Remote Network provider WAN ISP or customer premises central office infrastructure corporate network
26. R A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Licensee is responsible for the security of 300017 A Rev 00 iii its own data and information and for maintaining adequate procedures apart from the Software to reconstruct lost or altered files data or programs 4 Limitation of liability INNO EVENT WILL BAY NETWORKS OR ITS LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY COST OF SUBSTITUTE PROCUREMENT SPECIAL INDIRECT INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES RESULTING FROM INACCURATE OR LOST DATA OR LOSS OF USE OR PROFITS ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE EVEN IF BAY NETWORKS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES IN NO EVENT SHALL THE LIABILITY OF BAY NETWORKS RELATING TO THE SOFTWARE OR THIS AGREEMENT EXCEED THE PRICE PAID TO BAY NETWORKS FOR THE SOFTWARE LICENSE 5 Government Licensees This provision applies to all Software and documentation acquired directly or indirectly by or on behalf of the United States Government The Software and documentation are commercial products licensed on the open market at market prices and were developed entirely at private expense and without the use of any U S Government funds The license to the U S Government is granted only with restricted rights and use duplication or disclosure by the U S Government is subject to the restrictions set forth in subparagraph c 1 of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause of FAR 52 227 19 and the limitations set out in thi
27. Services Through Bay Networks Educational Services you can attend classes and purchase CDs videos and computer based training programs about Bay Networks products Training programs can take place at your site or at a Bay Networks location For more information about training programs call one of the following numbers Region Telephone number United States and Canada 800 2LANWAN then enter Express Routing Code ERC 282 when prompted 978 916 3460 direct Europe Middle East and 33 4 92 96 15 83 Africa Asia Pacific 61 2 9927 8822 Tokyo and Japan 81 3 5402 7041 xviii 300017 A Rev 00 Chapter 1 ATM Half Bridge Overview This chapter provides an overview of basic ATM Half Bridge concepts and the specific ways Bay Networks implements these concepts on BLN and BCN routers This chapter assumes that you understand ATM concepts and terminology For a brief overview of ATM see Appendix B For detailed information about ATM refer to Configuring ATM Services This chapter contains information about the following topics Topic Page What Is ATM Half Bridge ii How the AHB Router Works 1 4 What Is ATM Half Bridge ATM Half Bridge AHB is a protocol operating on BLN and BCN routers that connects remote hosts PCs and workstations attached via digital subscriber line DSL devices modems to an IP routed network These modems send and receive IP packets over ATM
28. Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Module List choose an ARE ILI link module for example ARE OC 3 MM 2 Click on an ATM link module connector The Add Circuit window opens labeled ATM1 3 Supply a circuit name or accept the The Initial ATM Signaling Config window default circuit name and click on OK opens 4 Change the Enable ATM Signaling Site Manager changes the value of this parameter to Disable parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 19 You disable ATM signaling because AHB runs only on PVCs not SVCs 5 Click on OK The Edit ATM Connector window opens Go to the next section to add an LLC SNAP service record to the ATM interface that you just created When you add a service record to an ATM interface you must specify the data encapsulation type and virtual connection it uses AHB requires that you add the LLC SNAP data encapsulation type and the circuit PVC connection type for this service record Caution You cannot edit the Data Encapsulation Type or Virtual Connection Type parameter once you assign it to a service record However you can edit the Data Encapsulation Type for individual PVCs For an explanation of the different data encapsulation types and rules for assigning data encapsulation refer to Configuring ATM Services 2 6 300017 A Rev 00 Starting AHB Services To add an LLC SNAP service r
29. able AHB maintains a bridge table on each slot The table contains a list of host entries to or from which the router will forward traffic These host entries map the IP address of a CPE host to the following e ATM interface on which it is learned on the AHB router e Virtual Path Identifier Virtual Channel Identifier VPI VCI number e RFC 1483 encapsulation type e Ethernet header information Table 1 1 shows a sample AHB bridge table Table 1 1 Sample AHB Bridge Table Outgoing Host ID Circuit VPI VCI RFC 1483 Bridge Header 200 10 10 1 2 101 31 Bridged Ethernet frame src MAC addr 010203040506 dest MAC adrr 070800aaboc Ethertype 0800 IP Adding Bridge Table Entries In unsecure learning mode AHB adds a new entry to the bridge table whenever it receives an IP or ARP packet that is not already in the table In secure learning mode AHB adds new entries to its table when it receives certain incoming and outgoing DHCP messages AHB adds new table entries when the CPE host on the remote site sends a DHCPDISCOVER message source IP address equals 0 0 0 0 This new table entry identifies the incoming port VPI VCI and RFC 1483 encapsulation data including source MAC address There is no IP address for the new table entry at this point AHB forwards only certain DHCP packets ACK or NAK to the CPE host using this entry before an IP address is assigned When AHB receives a DHCPACK message it updates the
30. address of the target server You configure a preferred server when you know the IP address of the DHCP server to which you want to send a DHCP request Specifying the Relay Agent IP Address The relay agent IP address is the interface that you want to receive DHCP packets from a CPE host If you configured BootP on an unnumbered interface ATM AHB interface specify the associated numbered interface address for the relay agent IP address To specify the relay agent IP address complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols 2 Choose IP The Protocols menu opens The IP menu opens 3 Choose BOOTP The BOOTP menu opens 4 Choose Relay Agent Interface Table The BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window opens 5 Click on Pref Serv The BOOTP Relay Agent Preferred Server Table opens 6 Click on Add The BOOTP Preferred Server Configuration window opens 7 Set the Relay Agent IP Address parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 14 8 Click on OK 9 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 300017 A Rev 00 Starting AHB Services Specifying the Target Server IP Address After you specify the relay agent IP address you must specify the IP address of the DHCP server that should receive the DHCP packet fr
31. byte information field Figure B 1 shows a diagram of an ATM cell Cell Headers After dividing the data into 48 byte segments for transmission the end device that is the ATM DSU CSU or native ATM device attaches the required header information Figure B 1 300017 A Rev 00 B 1 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services 48 byte information field Generic flow control GFC Virtual path identifier VPI 1 Virtual path identifier VPI Virtual channel identifier VCI 2 Virtual channel identifier VCI 3 Bytes Virtual channel identifier VCI l Payload type PT l stg 4 Header error control HEC 5 ATMO0002B 5 byte 48 byte header information field ATMOO01A Figure B 1 ATM Cell B 2 300017 A Rev 00 Understanding ATM Concepts The fields in each ATM cell header provide all the information necessary for networking These fields include the following Generic Flow Control GFC The first 4 bits of the cell header contain the GFC The GFC controls traffic flow onto the ATM network by controlling the user network interface UNI Virtual Path Identifier VPI The next 8 bits of the cell header that is the last half of byte 1 and the first half of byte 2 contain the VPI The VPI specifies a virtual path on the physical ATM link See the next section ATM_ Data Transmission for additional information on virtual paths Virtual Channel Identifier V CI The next 16 bits of the cell header that
32. ce record Note When you configure multiple PVCs per service record the PVCs all use the data encapsulation type that you set for the ATM service record that is the value of the Data Encapsulation Type parameter set in the ATM Service Records List window Refer to Data Encapsulation earlier in this chapter for more information 300017 A Rev 00 B 7 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services One PVC Multiple PVCs per service record work best in either fully meshed environments or in nonmeshed environments where systems not directly connected to each other have no need to communicate You can configure multiple PVCs per service record as long as you do not need to separate protocols by PVC that is all PVCs accept the same protocols There are however ways to configure upper layer protocols such as IP or Internet Packet Exchange IPX to allow systems in nonmeshed networks to fully communicate See the documentation for these upper layer protocols for more information One PVC per service record works the same way as multiple PVCs per service record except that you assign only one PVC per service record This type of configuration is best suited to small nonmeshed configurations or to configurations in which protocols must reside on separate PVCs When you define only one PVC per service record upper layer protocols treat the ATM network as a series of direct point to point connections viewing each PVC as an ind
33. ction between two communicating ATM entities Each virtual channel may carry a different protocol or traffic type The virtual channel transports cells that have a common identifier The identifier is called the virtual channel identifier VCT and is part of the cell header You can establish virtual channels permanently or set them up dynamically allowing the network to adjust itself to the traffic demand A virtual path is a set of virtual channels between a common source and destination The virtual channels in a virtual path logically associate with a common identifier This identifier is called the virtual path identifier VPI and is part of the cell header You can base cell switching on either the VPI alone or on a combination of the VPI and VCI Virtual paths enable you to separate network transport functions into those related to an individual logical connection virtual channel and those related to a group of logical connections virtual path A transmission path is a physical connection that comprises several virtual paths each virtual path containing several virtual channels The transmission path may support multiple virtual paths across a single connection to the network Figure B 2 shows the relationships between the virtual channel the virtual path and the transmission path Transmission Path vo e P we v O vo v O Je v VP Virtual path VC Virtual channel ATM0006B Figure B 2 ATM Transmission Compone
34. dress to each interface You can elect to use the circuitless IP address as the associated address for unnumbered interfaces AHB uses unnumbered interfaces because not all hosts attached via the ATM circuit are on the same IP network Furthermore a host may change its IP network over time due to subscribing with different service providers and it would be inconvenient to move the PVC for that host each time its network IP address changes When you configure a circuitless IP interface note the following e You can configure only one circuitless IP interface per router e You must assign a unique IP address and subnetwork number to the circuitless IP interface A circuitless IP interface has an IP address that is not mapped to the address of a specific circuit Thus if one or more of the router s IP interfaces becomes disabled this circuitless feature ensures that the router is always reachable using the circuitless interface address as long as a viable path to the router exists For more information about circuitless interfaces see Configuring IP Services To configure a circuitless IP interface on the router begin at the Configuration Manager window and complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose Circuitless IP The Circuitless IP menu op
35. e Unsecure Both None Specifies the method by which AHB dynamically learns new bridge entries on the router By default the auto learn method is set to Both This means that AHB will learn new bridge entries either securely or unsecurely If you set the learning mode to Secure or Both AHB learns new bridge entries from the DHCP reply packets sent on the AHB configured interface Entries learned in secure mode always take precedence over entries learned in unsecure mode If you set the learning mode to Unsecure or Both AHB learns new bridge entries from IP and ARP packets received on the AHB configured interface 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 13 1 3 300017 A Rev 00 A 3 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Local Init File Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt AHB gt Global None None Specifies a local ASCII data file into which you can add bridge table entries for configuring PVCs on an AHB interface You create init files locally but you must store them on the router s flash memory card AHB loads the init files when the router boots Specify the name of the init file you want to use Be sure to copy the file to the router s flash memory so the router can bo
36. eceeeeecaeeeaeseaeetaeeaaes 2 4 Configuring AHB Services e ee P E T TE oroad OE 2 5 Greaiing an ATM NI caer ara ieee eater nnecerdandu nerd RERA aR 2 6 Adding an LLC SNAP PVC Service Record n c ccceecccaeecasctenesenesnenetnaesnteccneanne 2 6 Adding AHB to the LLC SNAP Service Record ccccessceceeeeeeeeteeeeeneeeesaeeeseneees 2 7 Adding PVCs to the LLC SNAP PVC Service Record ccccceeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeees 2 9 Configuring a DHCP BootP Relay Agent s s s apie nee eG 2 10 Creating a BootP Relay Agent Forwarding Interfaces c cccceeeseeteeteeetteeeee 2 10 Configuring BootP Preferred Servers so ti ssrcceciessisadernsicedndrestanredsehaiaeinmercannnuns 2 12 Specifying the Relay Agent IP Address cceeeeee a T re 2 12 Specifying the Target Server IP Address c cccccceceseceeeeceeeeeeeeceeeeeenaeeesnes 2 13 Chapter 3 Customizing AHB Services Moding THe AHB ON IQUPRTION spiris anian ianea 3 1 Enabling and Disabling AHB sds te ss sland aana aa AEE S inla 3 1 Setting the Auto Learn Method iets eaoh Sorus AT T oai ienen E Configuring a Local AHB Init Uses tase estate tara cick ia DaN A terse 3 3 Tampe MERI asn ai 3 3 Specio an er a Imit Filg ssrin 3 5 Speciyng ihe Debug Level oscississnrmmseadacnn imi eai pe a ee Enabling and Disabling Inbound Packet Filtering An rte PT E oer M dling AHB CUBIS soiirci a r AE i 3 8 Enabling and Disabling an AHB Circuit siss
37. ecord complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 Inthe Edit ATM Connector window click The ATM Service Records List window on Service Aitributes opens 2 Click on Add The ATM Service Record Parameters window opens displaying default values for the Data Encapsulation type and Virtual Connector type Because you disabled ATM signaling when you created the circuit the ATM Service Record Parameters window automatically changes the default for the Data Encapsulation Type parameter to Logical Link Control Subnetwork Access Protocol LLC SNAP and the Virtual Connection Type parameter to PVC 3 Click on OK The ATM service information appears in the ATM Service Record List and the Select Protocols window opens Go to the next section Adding AHB to the LLC SNAP Service Record Adding AHB to the LLC SNAP Service Record When adding AHB services to an LLC SNAP service record remember the following e A PVC type service record requires that you add at least one PVC for the service record to operate e Each service record globally controls all protocols for any PVCs that it contains 300017 A Rev 00 2 7 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services To add AHB to an LLC SNAP service record complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Select Protocols window click on AHB The Configurati
38. en the AHB router and a DHCP server on the network You establish this forwarding path using one or both of the following methods e Configure one or more BootP forwarding IP interfaces on the router You define one IP interface to receive DHCP request packets from the remote CPE hosts and another to transmit broadcast DHCP request packets to the DHCP server e Configure one or more BootP preferred servers on an IP interface on the AHB router You define one IP interface to receive DHCP request packets from the remote CPE hosts and then unicast the requests directly to the DHCP server Creating a BootP Relay Agent Forwarding Interfaces You create a BootP relay agent forwarding table for the IP interfaces that you configure to receive the incoming DHCP request packets and to forward the outgoing DHCP request packets to the DHCP server on the network The BootP relay agent forwards DHCP request packets based on the IP addresses of the interfaces in this table For more information about configuring a forwarding table refer to Configuring IP Services 2 10 300017 A Rev 00 Starting AHB Services Site Manager requires that you specify input and output addresses to configure the BootP relay agent on the AHB router The input IP address is the ATM unnumbered interface on which the DHCP request packet is received The ATM unnumbered interface address appears in the BootP Relay Agent table Its last four digits are 0 0 0 lt circuit_nu
39. ens 4 Choose Create The IP Configuration window opens continued 300017 A Rev 00 Starting AHB Services Site Manager Procedure continued You do this 5 Specify a unique IP address in dotted decimal notation for the IP address parameter for example 250 225 2 2 Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 15 System responds Specify a valid subnet mask for the Subnet Mask parameter for example 255 255 255 0 Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 15 Click on OK Site Manager saves the circuitless IP interface and opens a special Select Protocols window that lists the protocols that you can configure on a circuitless interface Go to the next section to configure AHB services on the router Configuring AHB Services Configuring AHB services involves Creating an ATM interface Adding an LLC SNAP service record for PVCs Adding AHB on an LLC SNAP service record Adding PVCs to the LLC SNAP service record on an ATM interface Configuring a BootP relay agent Before configuring AHB refer to Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager for instructions about the Site Manager configuration tool and how to work with configuration files 300017 A Rev 00 2 5 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Creating an ATM Interface Adding an LLC SNAP PVC Service Record To create an ATM interface complete the following tasks
40. ent information base 300017 A Rev 00 XV Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services MTU OSI PDU PVC RIP SAP SDU SNAP STAT SVC TCP IP UTP VC VCI VCL VPI WAN Maximum Transmission Unit Open Systems Interconnection protocol data unit permanent virtual circuit Routing Information Protocol service access point service data unit Subnetwork Access Protocol status switched virtual circuit Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol unshielded twisted pair virtual circuit virtual connection identifier virtual channel link virtual path identifier wide area network Bay Networks Technical Publications You can now print technical manuals and release notes free directly from the Internet Go to support baynetworks com library tpubs Find the Bay Networks products for which you need documentation Then locate the specific category and model or version for your hardware or software product Using Adobe Acrobat Reader you can open the manuals and release notes search for the sections you need and print them on most standard printers You can download Acrobat Reader free from the Adobe Systems Web site www adobe com Documentation sets and CDs are available through your local Bay Networks sales office or account representative xvi 300017 A Rev 00 Bay Networks Customer Service You can purchase a support contract from your Bay Networks distributor or authorized reseller or directly from Bay Networks S
41. entifies the AppleTalk option in the Protocols menu Example Pin 7 gt 19 gt 20 Indicates that you enter only one of the parts of the command The vertical line separates choices Do not type the vertical line when entering the command Example If the command syntax is show at routes nets you enter either show at routes or show at nets but not both xiv 300017 A Rev 00 Acronyms AAL ADSL AHB ARE ARP ATM ATU C ATU R AUI BootP BRI CO CCITT DHCP DSL CPE DSLAM DTE GUI HDLC ILI IP ISDN ISO ISP ITU T LAN MAC MAU MIB About This Guide ATM adaptation layer asymmetric digital subscriber line ATM Half Bridge ATM Routing Engine Address Resolution Protocol Asynchronous Transfer Mode ADSL terminal unit central ADSL terminal unit remote Attachment Unit Interface Bootstrap Protocol Basic Rate Interface central office International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee now ITU T Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Digital Subscriber Line customer premise equipment DSL access multiplexer data terminal equipment graphical user interface high level data link control Intelligent Link Interface Internet Protocol Integrated Services Digital Network International Organization for Standardization internet service provider International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications formerly CCITT local area network media access control media access unit managem
42. er A 9 Hybrid Bridged VC parameter description A 24 inbound packet filtering 1 12 Inbound Packet Filtering parameter A 5 Init File parameter 3 3 Input IP Address parameter A 11 interface parameters Administrative State A 17 Enable ATM Signaling A 19 Use Hardware MAC Address A 18 window sequence A 17 Index 2 Interface attributes selecting A 17 window sequence A 17 IP starting 2 3 IP Address parameter A 15 IP configuration 2 8 A 15 L Learned Host Subnet Mask parameter A 7 LLC SNAP defined B 6 LLC SNAP service record 2 7 Local Init File parameter A 4 M multiprotocol encapsulation support B 5 O Output IP address parameter A 12 P parameters customizing 3 1 parameters See parameter name entry 3 1 Pass Through Mode parameter A 10 protocols editing 2 7 editing for hybrid access nonbridging 2 7 enabling for hybrid access nonbridging 2 7 service record 2 7 PVCs 2 5 adding 2 9 and service records B 5 multiple per service record B 7 one per service record B 8 parameters Hybrid Bridged VC A 24 VCI Number A 24 VPI Number A 23 300017 A Rev 00 R Relay Agent IP Address parameter A 14 requirements 3 1 RFC 1483 encapsulation 1 2 S secure learning method 1 8 service attributes descriptions A 19 window sequence PVC A 20 service records adding PVC 2 7 data encapsulation types for 2 6 defined B 5 parameters ATM Addr User Part A 22 Data Enca
43. erface to access the MIB refer to Using Technician Interface Software Caution The Technician Interface does not verify the validity of your parameter values Entering an invalid value can corrupt your configuration AHB Global Parameters Use the following guidelines to configure AHB global parameters in the Edit ATM Half Bridge Global Parameters window Figure A 1 The Edit ATM Half Bridge Global Parameters window contains parameters that allow you to customize AHB operation I Cancel OK Values Help i Enable ENABLED Auto Learn Method BOTH Local Init File Alternate Init File Debug Level Inbound Packet Filter DISABLED Figure A 1 Edit ATM Half Bridge Global Parameters Window A 2 300017 A Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID AHB BootP DHCP IP and ATM Parameter Descriptions The AHB global parameter descriptions follow Enable Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt AHB gt Global Enabled Enable Disabled Enables or disables AHB packet forwarding to and from ATM PVCs Select Disable to disable AHB on this interface without deleting it Select Enable to reenable AHB services if you previously disabled it 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 13 1 2 Auto Learn Method Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt AHB gt Global None Secur
44. ervices For information about or to purchase a Bay Networks service contract either call your local Bay Networks field sales office or one of the following numbers About This Guide Region United States and Canada Telephone number 800 2LANWAN then enter Express Routing Code ERC 290 when prompted to purchase or renew a service contract 978 916 8880 direct Fax number 978 916 3514 Europe 33 4 92 96 69 66 33 4 92 96 69 96 Asia Pacific Latin America 61 2 9927 8888 561 988 7661 61 2 9927 8899 561 988 7550 Information about customer service is also available on the World Wide Web at support baynetworks com How to Get Help If you purchased a service contract for your Bay Networks product from a distributor or authorized reseller contact the technical support staff for that distributor or reseller for assistance If you purchased a Bay Networks service program call one of the following Bay Networks Technical Solutions Centers Technical Solutions Center Telephone number Fax number Billerica MA 800 2LANWAN 978 916 3514 Santa Clara CA 800 2LANWAN 408 495 1188 Valbonne France 33 4 92 96 69 68 33 4 92 96 69 98 Sydney Australia 61 2 9927 8800 61 2 9927 8811 Tokyo Japan 81 3 5402 0180 81 3 5402 0173 300017 A Rev 00 xvii Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Bay Networks Educational
45. ferable license a to use the Software either on a single computer or if applicable on a single authorized device identified by host ID for which it was originally acquired b to copy the Software solely for backup purposes in support of authorized use of the Software and c to use and copy the associated user manual solely in support of authorized use of the Software by Licensee This license applies to the Software only and does not extend to Bay Networks Agent software or other Bay Networks software products Bay Networks Agent software or other Bay Networks software products are licensed for use under the terms of the applicable Bay Networks Inc Software License Agreement that accompanies such software and upon payment by the end user of the applicable license fees for such software 2 Restrictions on use reservation of rights The Software and user manuals are protected under copyright laws Bay Networks and or its licensors retain all title and ownership in both the Software and user manuals including any revisions made by Bay Networks or its licensors The copyright notice must be reproduced and included with any copy of any portion of the Software or user manuals Licensee may not modify translate decompile disassemble use for any competitive analysis reverse engineer distribute or create derivative works from the Software or user manuals or any copy in whole or in part Except as expressly provided in this Agreement Licensee may not
46. id routed or bridged cell If it is valid the encapsulation method then strips the header from the cell and passes it to the appropriate SAP for routing or bridging 300017 A Rev 00 B 5 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Assigning a Data Encapsulation Type for a PVC With AHB you must assign the Logical Link Control Subnetwork Access Protocol LLC SNAP RFC 1294 to the PVC that you create LLC SNAP encapsulation attaches an LLC SNAP header before the PDU This header includes information that the receiver needs to properly process the incoming PDU When assigning a data encapsulation type to a PVC or group of PVCs keep the following in mind e The Site Manager ATM Service Records List and ATM Virtual Channel Link windows initially contain a default data encapsulation type of LLC SNAP e When you add a PVC it reads and uses the data encapsulation type specified in its ATM service record e You can globally assign a data encapsulation type to all nonhybrid PVCs in a particular service record or you can assign a data encapsulation type to individual group PVCs using the Site Manager ATM Virtual Channel Link window Caution Changing the data encapsulation type at the service record level changes the data encapsulation type for all nonhybrid PVCs on that service record For example if you change the ATM service record data encapsulation type from LLC SNAP to NULL the data encapsulation type for all PVCs except hybrid
47. iireniisnieisnsionriineenia inadai 3 8 Specifying the Subnet Mask for the Learned Host a an meena Scone 3 9 Enabling and Disabling Proxy ARP on a Circuit 0 ccecceseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeees 3 10 Configuring Traffic Filters for Source Based Routing c cccesceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 3 10 Deleting AHB from tie ROUET siccctissctccsicnerecitserccicemivedcv aaia 3 11 vi 300017 A Rev 00 Appendix A AHB BootP DHCP IP and ATM Parameter Descriptions AHB Shoal P WaT aiin n iacaaniceiadadaieracanietadaianteied A 2 AHB Circuit Parameters acne AeA ApAaNeAN A 6 BootP Relay Agent Interface Table Parameters aai S Pere aang mek A 8 Bei Address Paraineners sacri scdssiactsciectuedtaceasauenccucantancasstsuieduunadartGadeteedianicaauheaareaee A 10 BootP Relay Agent Preferred Server Table Parameters c sccccsssseeeeeeestteeeeeeeaees A 12 BootP Preferred Server Configuration Parameters c ccsscecseeeeeetteeeeeeees Ses A 14 IP Coniouration Parani tets qos ccesssuadtainadaineni many nanan aeereas A 15 ATM Interface Parameter Descriptions sccc2 ccccdcescicecetes sce ecessaseuccesssnmenesnsntornedenien A 17 ATM Service Record Parameter Descriptions cccccececseeeenecececeeeeeeeseeeeeseaeeeeaes A 19 ATM Virtual Channel Link Parameter Descriptions cc ccceeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeneeeees A 23 Appendix B Understanding ATM Concepts ATM General Information sstiameninkien
48. in the ATM Half Bridge Circuit List window refer to Appendix A You may need to modify AHB circuit characteristics after you configure multiple PVCs on an ATM interface and you have configured AHB on this interface These parameters include Enable Learned Host Subnet Mask Enabling Proxy ARP Enabling and Disabling an AHB Circuit You enable the bridging of packets on an AHB circuit when you configure AHB interfaces on the router To disable the bridging of packets on AHB interfaces set the Enable parameter to Disable To enable and disable the bridging of packets on an AHB circuit complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose AHB The AHB menu opens 4 Choose Circuit List The Edit ATM Half Bridge Circuit List window opens Set the Enable parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 6 6 Click on Apply 7 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 3 8 300017 A Rev 00 Customizing AHB Services Specifying the Subnet Mask for the Learned Host If you set the learning method on the ATM interface to Unsecure or Both you must specify a subnet mask for a dynamically learned host AHB uses the subnet mask to identify the host s network and to add
49. inaaireniiaanciareniiaienindeimaR ERIE B 1 el E e cons usin EE AE EEE A OT T EA E IA E E E E A N B 1 Col HERGA rrin e Ea a Sara B 1 ATM Data Mans mie SON aaia aa B 3 Permanent Virtual Connections 06 E E AEE rere er cree rrr rrrre B 5 Serice Records and Virtual UCU foxes inccsascacdtsnsssat cated satedaueeedaaconnedacanandedysocetauetiaanratns B 5 Bem Sty oes alt e a ae eee A T eeeCn er iy eee E EEE err A er eeren try A erty corer at B 5 Assigning a Data Encapsulation Type for a PVC aoaaa AE ictus TARA B 6 PYG Aceso BIO wii nates adienaentesmuenushi nadie mienenvenieab Ian etaER B 6 EMNE Te cars ton cupee ce cx cuhtvantraaatectciaiytaatanus ai B 7 OT PYG direia ctaladaiceecigceinen B 8 300017 A Rev 00 vii Figures Figure 1 1 DSL Network with an AHB Router ccccccccceeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeaaeeneaes 1 3 Figure 1 2 How CPE Hosts Identify a DCHP Server ccsceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 1 6 Figure 1 3 How CPE Hosts Request and Receive IP Addresses from the DHCP Server 1 7 Figure A 1 Edit ATM Half Bridge Global Parameters Window 0 cccceeeeeseeees A 2 Figure A 2 ATM Half Bridge Circuit List cere eer pirana mesbeets P T A 6 Figure A 3 BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table Window sssssssssseessseeseesseeeeeenen A 8 Figure A 4 BOOTP Addresses Window cc cccsceeeseeeeeeeeeceeeeeaeseaeeteaeesaeeenaeeeaes A 10 Figure A 5 BOOTP Relay Agent Preferred Serve
50. ing IP packets from CPE hosts On the WAN side ISP s and corporate networks receive routed IP frames AHB dynamically learns the association between IP addresses assigned to CPE hosts and the correct RFC 1483 bridged Ethernet header data for the host Forwarding Inbound Packets from CPE Hosts AHB decapsulates and then routes IP packets it receives from a remote CPE host to an ISP or corporate network When AHB receives the incoming packets on its ATM interface it checks its local bridge table to determine whether the packet s source IP address corresponds to the host IP address in the associated AHB table entry If the bridge table contains the bridge entry and the entry matches the bridge information the correct circuit and VCID then AHB strips off the RFC 1483 bridged Ethernet header information and forwards the packet using IP routing to the appropriate ISP s and corporate networks If AHB does not find the bridge entry in its local bridge table and you selected unsecure learning mode AHB creates a new bridge entry using the packet header data from the incoming packet If you selected secure learning mode AHB creates a new bridge entry only if this is a new DHCP request for information about using unsecure and secure learning mode see Dynamically Learning New Bridge Table Entries The AHB router cannot use this bridge entry until it receives a DHCP reply on a non AHB interface that matches the destination MAC address in the
51. is the last half of byte 2 all of byte 3 and the first half of byte 4 contain the VCI The VCI specifies a virtual channel within the virtual path on the physical ATM link See the next section ATM Data Transmission for additional information on virtual channels Payload Type PT The next 3 bits that is bits 5 to 7 of byte 4 indicate the type of information the cell is carrying for example user data or management information Cell Loss Priority CLP The last bit of byte 4 indicates the priority of the cell and whether the network can discard it under heavy traffic conditions Setting the bit to 1 indicates that the network may discard the cell if necessary Header Error Control HEC The last byte of the header field contains the HEC Its primary function is to guard against misdelivery of cells due to header or single bit errors However the HEC does not gauge the quality of the data in the information field ATM Data Transmission Data transmission also called cell switching through the ATM network relies on the establishment of logical connections between ATM entities ATM is a connection oriented service This means that an ATM entity cannot transmit information until it establishes a connection with a receiving entity These connections consist of virtual channels virtual paths and transmission paths 300017 A Rev 00 B 3 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services A virtual channel is a logical conne
52. it file there is a section for each router slot that has configured bridge entries Slots that do not contain hosts do not need a section header Within a section there is one line for each bridge entry 300017 A Rev 00 3 3 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services A sample init file ahb dat is shown next SLOT 3 1 3 1 32 255 255 255 0 4 409600 0 0 aaaa030080c200070000112233445566aabbccdde eff0800 1 3 2 32 255 255 255 0 4 409600 0 0 aaaa030080c200070000778899001122aabbccdde eff0800 SLOT 4 1 4 2 32 255 255 255 0 5 409600 0 0 aaaa030080c200070000998877665544aabbccdde eff0800 The bridge entry fields separated by spaces are e Field 1 host IP address dotted decimal e Field 2 host subnet mask dotted decimal e Field 3 ATM circuit number decimal e Field 4 PVC VPI VCI decimal VPI in bits 0 11 VCI in bits 12 23 e Field 5 reference VPI VCI decimal e Field 6 host flags decimal bit field e Field 7 bridge header hex 1483 SNAP LLC ethernet header The host flag bits which can be configured are e Bit 0 no protocol address do not add bridge entry to table e Bit 3 add new PVC VPI VCI in field 4 based on reference PVC e Bit 4 do not forward packets that match this IP address e Bit 7 if set indicates that host entry should be deleted The bridge header has the following format e Octets 00 09 encapsulate for 1483 bridged Ethernet packet e Octets 10 15 destination MAC address e Octe
53. ividual network interface You can therefore configure each PVC with different protocols and parameter settings This allows you to connect to different network sites using for example different types of data encapsulation Figure B 4 B 8 300017 A Rev 00 Understanding ATM Concepts ATM physical interface Service PVC Service PVC record gt site B Upper layer protocol ATMO0020A Figure B 4 One PVC per Service Record Assigning one PVC per service record allows you to dedicate a PVC to a particular protocol but at the expense of some configuration overhead memory and address space Note The maximum number of PVCs you can configure in this way varies depending on the configuration of the router the number of protocols running on the circuits and the number of routing entries 300017 A Rev 00 B 9 A adding ATM circuit 2 6 ATM to the router 2 9 PVCs 2 9 service records PVC 2 7 Administrative State parameter description A 17 ADSL terminal unit central devices ATU C 1 2 ADSL terminal unit remote end devices ATU R 1 2 Alternate Init File parameter 3 5 A 4 ARP requests 1 9 ATM 1 3 cell described B 1 switching B 3 technology B 1 circuit adding 2 6 concepts B 1 to B 5 data transmission B 3 transmission path defined B 4 virtual channel defined B 4 virtual path defined B 4 ATM Addr User Part parameter description A 22 ATM Half Bridge A
54. mber gt where circuit number is the unnumbered circuit that you configured The output IP address is the address of the local IP interface to which the DHCP packets are forwarded To create a BootP relay agent forwarding table complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose BootP The BOOTP menu opens 4 Choose Relay Agent Interface Table The BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window opens displaying the IP interfaces that you configured on the AHB router ATM PVCs circuitless IP interface and so forth 5 Click on Forward I F The BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table window opens 6 Click on Add The BOOTP Addresses window opens 7 Add a BootP forwarding entry by setting the following parameters Input IP Address Output IP Address Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions on A 11 8 Click on OK The BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table window opens 9 Click on Done The BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window opens 10 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 300017 A Rev 00 2 11 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Configuring BootP Preferred Servers You can configure a BootP preferred server by specifying the IP address of the relay agent on the router and the IP
55. n file for AHB complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 Choose Tools The Tools menu opens 2 Choose Configuration Manager The Configuration Manager window opens 3 Choose Local File Remote File or Site Manager prompts you for the Dynamic configuration file you want to open 4 Select the configuration file and click on The Configuration Manager window OK opens displaying the router models 5 Choose either the BLN or BCN router The Module List opens model and click on Confirm If you have questions about how to perform any of these preliminary tasks refer to Configuring and Managing Routers Using Site Manager The Technician Interface allows you to modify parameters by issuing set and commit commands with the management information base MIB object ID This process is equivalent to modifying parameters using Site Manager For more information about using the Technician Interface to access the MIB refer to Using Technician Interface Software Caution Bay Networks strongly recommends that you use the Technician Interface for very minor MIB adjustments only The Technician Interface does not validate parameter entries Entering an invalid value can corrupt your configuration Proceed to the next section to configure an IP interface on the router 2 2 300017 A Rev 00 Configuring an IP Interface on the Router Starting AHB Services
56. n the AHB configured interface Entries learned in secure mode always take precedence over entries learned in unsecure mode If you set the learning mode to Unsecure or Both AHB learns new bridge entries from IP and ARP packets received on the AHB configured interface 3 2 300017 A Rev 00 Customizing AHB Services To set the auto learn method by which AHB learns bridge entries complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose AHB The AHB menu opens 4 Choose Global The Edit ATM Half Bridge Global Parameters window opens 5 Set the Auto Learn Method parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 3 6 Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window Configuring a Local AHB Init File AHB Init files are ASCII data files that you can use to manually add bridge table entries and or configure PVCs on an AHB interface You create the init files locally but must store them on the router s flash memory card AHB reads the init files from the router s flash memory when the router boots The AHB init files contain an extra flag on each entry that indicates where AHB should create the corresponding PVC identified in the bridge entry if it does not already exist Sample Init File In the AHB in
57. nfiguration To change the way AHB operates on the router you can modify the AHB global parameters in the Edit ATM Half Bridge Global Parameters window refer to Appendix A Enabling and Disabling AHB By default AHB forwards packets to and from ATM PVCs when you enable the AHB function on the router When you disable AHB you prevent AHB from forwarding packets to and from ATM PVCs 300017 A Rev 00 3 1 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services To enable and disable AHB forwarding on the router complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose AHB The AHB menu opens 4 Choose Global The Edit ATM Half Bridge Global Parameters window opens 5 Set the Enable parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description in Appendix A Setting the Auto Learn Method You can determine the method by which AHB automatically learns new bridge entries on the router by configuring the auto learning method You can configure AHB in one of the following learning modes e Secure e Unsecure Both e None By default the auto learn method is set to Both This means that AHB will learn new bridge entries either securely or unsecurely If you set the learning mode to Secure or Both AHB learns new bridge entries from the DHCP reply packets sent o
58. nta Clara California 95054 8185 LICENSEE ACKNOWLEDGES THAT LICENSEE HAS READ THIS AGREEMENT UNDERSTANDS IT AND AGREES TO BE BOUND BY ITS TERMS AND CONDITIONS LICENSEE FURTHER AGREES THAT THIS AGREEMENT IS THE ENTIRE AND EXCLUSIVE AGREEMENT BETWEEN BAY NETWORKS AND LICENSEE WHICH SUPERSEDES ALL PRIOR ORAL AND WRITTEN AGREEMENTS AND COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE PARTIES PERTAINING TO THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THIS AGREEMENT NO DIFFERENT OR ADDITIONAL TERMS WILL BE ENFORCEABLE AGAINST BAY NETWORKS UNLESS BAY NETWORKS GIVES ITS EXPRESS WRITTEN CONSENT INCLUDING AN EXPRESS WAIVER OF THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT iv 300017 A Rev 00 Contents About This Guide EoD DN 1205 ee eee ee ee E er ree teen ee eer a eer ee at err errr meer A E xiii GONE raa N N xiv PEO TE aa nate Manner ei XV Bay Networks Technical Publications vcccecsccvssdees cui becnaserscsxwosieschsisedee leas beinini xvi Bay Networks Customer GervigE cick sees edi cetera creeped xvii Hov Get REIP anaa nin a aN rrerrr Terry rerrtgeerere errr ere mrtre xvii Bay Networks Educational Services 0 cscccceeeeeeseeeeeneeeeees n xviii Chapter 1 ATM Half Bridge Overview VN IS ATM HAr BIJO T angasii aaa aan neiaa aaa a ana Nai 1 1 How ihe AHB Router WOrkS acces sccssardacuscicescccewanitt decsemiivencu seis cuewmileycncuunnindeauthaadecsenies ven 1 4 Forwarding Inbound Packets from OPE Hosts scsiscsescisuarsc eaves iin aereniins 1 4 Forwarding Outbound Packets to GPE HOBIS ccsscsi
59. nts B 4 300017 A Rev 00 Understanding ATM Concepts Permanent Virtual Connections Virtual channels and virtual paths allow you to establish virtual channel links VCLs To use the ATM Half Bridge protocol you must create VCLs as permanent virtual circuits PVCs Once you establish a PVC you can transfer information over it at any time Service Records and Virtual Circuits ATM devices communicate using virtual circuits VCs These VCs transmit and receive ATM cells containing upper layer protocols Bay Networks ATM routers use service records to provide a way of creating logical interfaces within the physical ATM interface for these upper layer protocols In essence these service records allow you to e Organize multiple VCs into logical groups e Create direct point to point connections e Assign delete and modify upper layer protocols for just one PVC or for a group of VCs at any given time Data Encapsulation Bay Networks ATM routers support multiprotocol encapsulation as defined in RFC 1483 enabling the router to multiplex combine and demultiplex separate bridged or routed protocol data units PDUs For transmission the encapsulation process adds a header between 2 and 8 octets in length to the PDU to allow decoding The decoding process determines the proper service access point SAP When receiving information the encapsulation method evaluates the header to determine whether the PDU is a val
60. o 255 A VCI This number which is part of the cell header identifies the virtual channel of the PVC The header can contain a maximum of 16 VCI bits This bit range allows for channel identifiers from 0 to 65535 Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions on page A 23 Click on OK The ATM Virtual Channel Link window opens For information about changing parameters in the ATM Virtual Channel Link window refer to Appendix B To add another PVC with the default configuration repeat steps 1 through 3 Click on Done The ATM Service Records List window opens 6 Click on Done The Edit ATM Connector window opens 7 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 300017 A Rev 00 2 9 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Note Following the recommendation of the ATM Forum virtual channel identifiers from 0 to 31 are reserved for signaling and added functionality Next you must configure BootP to define a forwarding path between a router and a BootP DHCP server on the network Configuring a DHCP BootP Relay Agent To allow the AHB router to successfully forward DHCP packets from CPE hosts to a DHCP server on the network you must configure a BootP relay agent on both the unnumbered ATM IP interface and an associated numbered interface AHB does this automatically when you add AHB to the ATM service record You also must define a forwarding path betwe
61. om the BootP relay agent To specify the target server IP address complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose BOOTP The BOOTP menu opens 4 Choose Relay Agent Interface Table The BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window opens 5 Click on Pref Serv The BOOTP Relay Agent Preferred Server Table opens 6 Click on Add The BOOTP Preferred Server Configuration window opens 7 Set the Target IP Server parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 15 8 Click on OK 9 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 300017 A Rev 00 2 13 Chapter 3 Customizing AHB Services When you first configure AHB services default values are in effect for all parameters see parameter descriptions in Appendix A You may want to change these values depending on the requirements of your network This chapter provides information about how to customize AHB to use it effectively on your network This chapter includes the following topics Topic Page Modifying the AHB Configuration 3 1 Modifying AHB Circuits 3 8 Configuring Traffic Filters for Source Based Routing 3 10 Deleting AHB from the Router 3 11 Modifying the AHB Co
62. om the date Software is first shipped to Licensee Bay Networks will replace defective media at no charge if it is returned to Bay Networks during the warranty period along with proof of the date of shipment This warranty does not apply if the media has been damaged as a result of accident misuse or abuse The Licensee assumes all responsibility for selection of the Software to achieve Licensee s intended results and for the installation use and results obtained from the Software Bay Networks does not warrant a that the functions contained in the software will meet the Licensee s requirements b that the Software will operate in the hardware or software combinations that the Licensee may select c that the operation of the Software will be uninterrupted or error free or d that all defects in the operation of the Software will be corrected Bay Networks is not obligated to remedy any Software defect that cannot be reproduced with the latest Software release These warranties do not apply to the Software if it has been i altered except by Bay Networks or in accordance with its instructions ii used in conjunction with another vendor s product resulting in the defect or iii damaged by improper environment abuse misuse accident or negligence THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES AND LIMITATIONS ARE EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES AND ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FO
63. on Manager automatically highlights IP and BootP adding these protocols to the service record Click on OK Specify an unnumbered interface address 0 0 0 0 for the IP Address parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 15 The IP Configuration window opens prompting you to specify IP configuration parameters Specify the associated numbered circuit address for the UnNumbered Assoc Address parameter This may be a circuitless IP interface address Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 15 Click on OK The ATM Half Bridge Configuration window opens Accept the AHB default configuration values and click on OK The ATM Virtual Channel Link window opens Next add PVCs to the LLC SNAP service record on the ATM interface 2 8 300017 A Rev 00 Starting AHB Services Adding PVCs to the LLC SNAP PVC Service Record To add PVCs to the LLC SNAP service record on the ATM interface complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the ATM Virtual Channel Link window click on Add The ATM Virtual Channel Link Parameters window opens Supply the following information A VPI This number which is part of the cell header identifies the virtual path of the PVC The header can contain a maximum of 8 VPI bits for a UNI connection This bit range allows for path identifiers from 0 t
64. ot with this file 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 13 1 4 Alternate Init File Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt AHB gt Global None None Specifies an alternate init file backup as a safeguard in case the local init file fails to load properly when the router boots Specify the alternate init file name 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 13 1 5 Debug Level Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt AHB gt Global 0 Recommended values are from 1 to 5 Specifies the level of debug messaging you want to display in the log file for AHB Enter the debug messaging level you want 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 13 1 6 A 4 300017 A Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID AHB BootP DHCP IP and ATM Parameter Descriptions Inbound Packet Filtering Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt AHB gt Global Disabled Enabled Disabled By default inbound packet filtering is disabled on the AHB router This means that AHB forwards bridge packets it receives from CPE hosts regardless of whether a table entry exists in the bridge table for that host When you enable inbound packet filtering on the AHB router AHB verifies that the source address in the IP packet is contained in the bridge table and that it corresponds to the circuit and virtual connection identification number VCID contained in the AHB bridge table This is a check to ensure that the packets recei
65. pective owners Restricted Rights Legend Use duplication or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 Notwithstanding any other license agreement that may pertain to or accompany the delivery of this computer software the rights of the United States Government regarding its use reproduction and disclosure are as set forth in the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52 227 19 Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability Bay Networks Inc reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice Bay Networks Inc does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Portions of the code in this software productmay be Copyright 1988 Regents of the University of California All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms of such portions are permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation advertising materials and other materials related to such distribution and use acknowledge that such portions of the software were developed by the University of California Berkeley The name of
66. psulation Type A 21 Enable Disable A 21 window sequence PVCs A 20 source based routing 1 9 starting IP 2 3 IP on circuitless interface 2 4 Subnet Mask parameter A 15 IP configuration 2 3 A 15 SVCs and service records B 5 T Target Name parameter A 13 Target Server IP Address parameter A 15 Technical Solutions Centers xvii Timeout Secs parameter A 9 to 1 3 transmission path defined B 4 Transmit Bcast Addr parameter A 16 IP configuration 2 3 A 16 300017 A Rev 00 Index 3 U UnNumbered Assoc Address parameter A 16 IP configuration 2 3 A 16 unsecure learning method 1 8 Use Hardware MAC Address parameter description A 18 V VCI Number parameter description A 24 virtual channel identifier VCT defined B 4 virtual channel defined B 4 virtual circuits See PVCs or SVCs virtual path identifier VPI defined B 4 virtual path defined B 4 VPI Number parameter description A 23
67. r forwards transmits m DHCPOFFER DHCPOFFER a message to AHB router message to BootP CPE host BootP relay agent relay agent in AHB router om Kel Hitt DHCP server ATM0053A Figure 1 2 How CPE Hosts Identify a DCHP Server Figure 1 3 shows how the CPE hosts request and receive IP addresses from the DHCP server 1 6 300017 A Rev 00 Remote host R U N C v Q N Figure 1 3 ATM 1 Remote host broadcasts DHCPREQUEST packet 2 BootP relay gt ATM Half Bridge Overview agent forwards DHCPREQUEST packet to DHCP server using the preferred server or forwarding interface method lt e 4 BootP relay agent agent transmits DHCPACK packet or AHB router DHCPNAK BootP relay agent packet to remote host m LILII IILILI DHCP server 3 Target DHCP server transmits DHCPACK packet or DHCPNAK packet to BootP relay agent ATM0054A How CPE Hosts Request and Receive IP Addresses from the DHCP Server Dynamically Learning New Bridge Table Entries The AHB router dynamically learns new bridge entries it receives from CPE hosts You can determine the method by which AHB learns these entries by configuring the auto learning method configuration parameters on the AHB router AHB provides the following auto learning methods Unsecure Secure Both default
68. r Table Window s ee A 12 Figure A 6 BOOTP Preferred Server Configuration Window sses A 14 Figure A 7 Interface Attributes Window Sequence ccccceeeceeeeeeeeeseeeneeeeaes A 17 Figure A 8 Service Attributes Window Sequence PVCS eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees A 20 aE STG AIN Cahen debian anieeada ierraian etna lata abides B 2 Figure B 2 ATM Transmission Companen ccccscccesccssesncssednetececsseseensssaerenseaaanars B 4 Figure B 3 Multiple PVCs per Service Regord ccecceeeeseeeeeeee eens eeeeneeeeeeeeeeaeeeeee B 7 Figure B 4 One PVC per Service Record cccscccscececceesceceeceseneeeneeeeeeeeneeeneeeeetees B 9 300017 A Rev 00 ix Tables Table 1 1 Sampe AMIS Budge Table aciiserieteonnasiohvnpidntibanaiieel dines 1 9 300017 A Rev 00 xi About This Guide If you are responsible for configuring ATM Half Bridge services you need to read this guide If you want to Go to Learn about ATM Half Bridge concepts and the Bay Networks Chapter 1 implementation of ATM Half Bridge Start ATM Half Bridge on a BLN or BCN router using default Chapter 2 configuration parameter values Customize ATM Half Bridge parameter settings Chapter 3 Obtain information about ATM Half Bridge BootP DHCP IP and ATM Appendix A parameters this is the same information you obtain using Site Manager online Help Learn about basic ATM concepts and terminology Appendix B
69. r part Set this parameter to Disable if you want to use the MAC Address Override value when automatically generating the end station identifier portion of the ATM address user part If you set this parameter to Disable you must enter a value for the MAC Address Override parameter 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 4 23 1 1 1 18 A 18 300017 A Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID AHB BootP DHCP IP and ATM Parameter Descriptions Enable ATM Signaling Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt ATM gt Interfaces Enable Enable Disable Specifies whether ATM signaling is enabled or disabled for this interface Signaling allows you to configure switched features for example SVCs and LANE on the interface If you do not intend to configure any switched features on this interface that is you want this interface to run only PVCs disabling this parameter makes additional system resources available Accept the default Enable if you want to enable signaling on this interface Set the state to Disable if you want to disable signaling on this interface 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 4 23 1 1 1 16 ATM Service Record Parameter Descriptions Service record parameters define the ATM service records for an interface The ATM Service Records List window also provides access to e Specific PVC parameters PVC service records only e All SVCs on that service record SVC service records only e L
70. rectly connected to an AHB router via a WAN interface frame relay PPP or a router located within the ISP s domain This option allows multiple links connecting the AHB router with the ISP network If one link or edge router fails traffic from ATM attached hosts is routed via another edge router You use source based routing by configuring an IP traffic filter on the ATM interface You must specify traffic filter criteria and a traffic filter action The traffic filter criteria is the range of source IP addresses allocated to CPE hosts belonging to a single ISP You must configure a separate traffic filter for each range of source addresses that get assigned to the ATM attached hosts by an ISP These filters must be installed on every AHB circuit The traffic filter action is forward to next hop which identifies the ISP s gateway device The next hop address in the traffic filter need not be a directly attached host If it is not a directly attached host AHB accesses the routing table to determine the directly attached host to which the packets are sent 300017 A Rev 00 ATM Half Bridge Overview You can use the forward to next hop feature to improve reliability Consider an example where an ISP home network has two border routers 200 1 2 3 and 200 3 4 5 If the source based routing gateway address next hop address in the traffic filter is advertised by both border routers then the AHB router will send packets from the
71. rface Priority Done Delete Apply Values Forward I F Client I F Pref Serv Help Figure A 3 BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table Window The BOOTP relay agent interface table window parameter descriptions follow A 8 300017 A Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID AHB BootP DHCP IP and ATM Parameter Descriptions Enable Disable Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table Enable Enable Disable Specifies whether BootP is active on the network interface Select Enable to enable BootP on the network interface select Disable to disable BootP on the network interface 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 1 1 2 Hops Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table 4 1 to 16 hops Specifies the maximum number of hops from the CPE host to the DHCP server A hop is the logical distance between two devices If the value in the hops field of a DHCP packet is greater than the number you specify for this parameter the router drops the packet Accept the default of 4 hops or specify a number from 1 to 16 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 1 1 5 Timeout Secs Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP
72. routes to the IP routing table based on the host s IP address If you specify 0 0 0 0 default as the subnet mask for learned hosts then AHB uses the natural class A B C subnet mask To specify the subnet mask for the learned host complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose AHB The AHB menu opens 4 Choose Circuit List The Edit ATM Half Bridge Circuit List window opens 5 Set the Learned Host Subnet Mask parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 7 6 Click on Apply 7 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 300017 A Rev 00 3 9 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Enabling and Disabling Proxy ARP on a Circuit By default proxy ARP is enabled on the AHB circuit when you configure it This tells the AHB router to respond to ARP requests from ATM attached hosts with its own hardware address as the target MAC address You must separately enable or disable proxy ARP on each AHB circuit on the router To enable and disable proxy ARP on each AHB circuit complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose IP The IP menu open
73. rvices Using Inbound Packet Filtering AHB uses inbound packet filtering to forward bridge packets it receives from CPE hosts on an AHB interface regardless of whether an entry exists in the bridge table for that CPE host The AHB interface must be an ATM service record with LLC SNAP encapsulation For information about configuring inbound packet filtering see Chapter 3 Enabling and Disabling Inbound Packet Filtering 1 12 300017 A Rev 00 Chapter 2 Starting AHB Services This chapter provides instructions for starting AHB services with the default configuration values supplied by Bay Networks This chapter includes the following information Topic Page Network Planning Considerations 2 1 AHB Configuration Requirements 2 1 Configuring AHB Services 2 5 Configuring a DHCP BootP Relay Agent 2 10 Network Planning Considerations Before you configure AHB ensure that you have the following e The VPI VCI numbers ATM used in your network configuration e The ATM circuit names that you configured e A minimum of 8 MB of memory on the router for ARE processor modules AHB Configuration Requirements Before you can configure AHB on the router you must e Prepare a configuration file e Configure an IP interface on the router e Configure circuitless IP on the router 300017 A Rev 00 2 1 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Preparing a Configuration File To create a configuratio
74. s 3 Choose AHB The AHB menu opens 4 Choose Circuit List The Edit ATM Half Bridge Circuit List window opens 5 Set the Enable Proxy ARP parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 7 6 Click on Apply 7 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window Configuring Traffic Filters for Source Based Routing The AHB router may use source based routing to ensure that packets sent from a CPE host travel to the correct ISP gateway first regardless of its destination address The ISP gateway can be an edge router directly connected to an AHB router via a WAN interface frame relay PPP or a router located within the ISP domain You configure source based routing by creating an IP traffic filter whose action is forward to next hop You must specify the ISP gateway address or a virtual address within the ISP domain as the next hop address 3 10 300017 A Rev 00 Customizing AHB Services For detailed information about creating traffic filters for source based routing refer to Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization Deleting AHB from the Router To delete AHB from the router complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose AHB The AHB menu opens
75. s license for civilian agencies and subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause of DFARS 252 227 7013 for agencies of the Department of Defense or their successors whichever is applicable 6 Use of Software in the European Community This provision applies to all Software acquired for use within the European Community If Licensee uses the Software within a country in the European Community the Software Directive enacted by the Council of European Communities Directive dated 14 May 1991 will apply to the examination of the Software to facilitate interoperability Licensee agrees to notify Bay Networks of any such intended examination of the Software and may procure support and assistance from Bay Networks 7 Term and termination This license is effective until terminated however all of the restrictions with respect to Bay Networks copyright in the Software and user manuals will cease being effective at the date of expiration of the Bay Networks copyright those restrictions relating to use and disclosure of Bay Networks confidential information shall continue in effect Licensee may terminate this license at any time The license will automatically terminate if Licensee fails to comply with any of the terms and conditions of the license Upon termination for any reason Licensee will immediately destroy or return to Bay Networks the Software user manuals and all copies Bay Networks is not liable to
76. s parameter to select LLC SNAP NLPID or NULL data encapsulation for service records containing PVCs LLC SNAP data encapsulation for service records containing hybrid PVCs LANE for service records containing SVCs over which you want to run LAN emulation LLC SNAP or NULL for service records containing SVCs over which you want to run classical IP RFC 1577 If you select NULL the router interprets this as virtual channel based multiplexing which is not supported for bridging Select a data encapsulation type 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 4 23 1 2 1 5 300017 A Rev 00 A 21 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID ATM Addr User Part Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt ATM gt Service Records gt Add and Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt ATM gt Service Records None 00000000000000 to FEFFFFFFFFFFFF The Configuration Manager allows you to autogenerate this parameter see the User Part Autogeneration parameter in Configuring ATM Services Depending on the settings in the ATM Interface Attributes window this parameter can autogenerate this address using e The 6 byte hardware MAC address of the ATM interface e A MAC Address Override value that you specify In both cases autogeneration creates a unique selector byte for each service record on the interface Enter a value in the range specified 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 4 23 1 2 1 9 A 2
77. sccsccsetecestccceneecavesteseevscceetecsesaenees 1 5 Using DHCP to Dynamically Assign IP Addresses c cccccceeeeseeeceeeeeteneeeeeneeeeees 1 5 Dynamically Learning New Bridge Table Entries cccccsceceseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeees 1 7 Unsecure Learning Method Siemans Creer Sieve PA E 1 8 Secure Learning Mehgd sarireinaiiiiinasi ee te er rere rrerrr rer rte tre tere Petre rrr retre 1 8 Maintaining the AHB Bridge Table scscscoei sie cesrsscsucisssesusivesscante seu nunnan 1 9 Adding Bridge Table EmriES sccceccscossaceceuipceccamu ie canemnies socndamnesdactanmbacecenmbesccennits 1 9 Removing Bridge Table Gries hannenno 1 10 Replacing Bridge Table Entries N aor aui E 1 10 Using Source Based ROUMO sssatis seccrsscersccesieedtevesnereddceatiesteveannnaaneen aa 1 10 Responding to Proxy ARP Requests ssesiseeessrrreserressssnnnnsrnnnnesnennnnnnnnnnenennnnnnne 1 11 Using inbound Packet FIROring coc acdsscnvsdessccecrsedusnesscoategcet a 1 12 300017 A Rev 00 V Chapter 2 Starting AHB Services Network Planning Considerahons iiscisiss cores tacicsscnidaccsatenesecaueieg a an E Eaa 2 1 AHB Configuration ReguiremeniS Ji iacidiisansse eerie tankni ANAA NNN ANANE 2 1 Preparing a Configuration File 00 cdaenonaaii EEE ETA T E 2 2 Configuring an IP Interface on the ROuUter sccccccccesserenslancisceetsatesnedsntiet anina 2 3 Configuring Circuitless IP on the Router cceccceeeesceeeseeeeeeeee
78. set the auto learning method to Unsecure or Both When you specify a subnet mask for the learned host AHB uses this subnet mask specified in the MIB entry wfAhbCircuitEntry afAhbCctDefSubNetmask lt cct gt where lt cct gt represents the circuit on which the host is learned Specify a valid subnet mask for the learned host If you specify 0 0 0 0 default then AHB uses the natural class A B C subnet mask 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 13 2 1 4 Enable Proxy ARP Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt AHB gt Circuit List Enable Enabled Disabled Specifies whether or not the AHB router responds to ARP requests sent from ATM attached hosts on the remote network Choose Enable to allows AHB to respond to ARP requests from ATM attached hosts Choose Disable to prevent AHB from responding to ARP requests from AHB attached hosts 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 13 2 1 5 300017 A Rev 00 A 7 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services BootP Relay Agent Interface Table Parameters Use the following guidelines to configure DHCP parameters in the BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window Figure A 3 This table lists all the IP interfaces that you configured on the AHB router It contains parameters that allow you to change the way the BootP relay agent operates BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Tab ATMSR_1413101 4 0 0 0 4 Circuitless IP 2 2 2 2 Enable Disable ENABLE Hops 4 Timeout Secs Pass Through Mode BOOTP DHCP Inte
79. teway address The BootP relay agent then forwards the packet to the DHCP server using either the BootP forwarding interface method or the BootP preferred server method When the DHCP server receives the DHCP REQUEST packet it checks to see whether the gateway address is filled in If this address is filled in DHCP sends a reply packet DHCPACK to the BootP relay agent on the AHB router The AHB router then forwards the DHCPACK reply to the CPE host using the associated IP address of the unnumbered IP interface DHCP servers often use the gateway address in the DHCP request to determine the address pool to use when assigning a client IP address The DHCP server may not respond if it receives a DHCP request where the gateway address is on the same subnet as the DHCP server s IP address Therefore when selecting an associated IP address for the unnumbered ATM circuit choose an address other than the IP address of a directly connected DHCP server Figure 1 2 shows how the remote hosts identify the DHCP server on the network 300017 A Rev 00 1 5 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Remote host 1 Remote host broadcasts 2 BootP relay agent transmits a DHCPDISCOVER DHCPDISCOVER packet packet to DHCP server that supplied a DHCPOFFER packet gt gt PC2 ATM s 4 BootP relay agent Emm 3 DHCP serve
80. then enter the appropriate IP broadcast address in dotted decimal notation If you set the IP Address parameter to 0 0 0 0 to configure an unnumbered interface Site Manager automatically sets this parameter to 255 255 255 255 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 2 1 4 1 8 UnNumbered Assoc Address Select IP from the Select Protocols window and click on OK None Any valid IP address Specifies an address that IP uses when sourcing a packet RIP uses this address to make decisions about advertising subnets over the unnumbered interface RIP advertises subnets over the unnumbered interface if the subnets have the same mask as the associated address Specify the address of any numbered interface on the router If you are running RIP over the unnumbered interface and if you are using a subnet address as the associated address the local and remote associated addresses should have the same network number If you configure local and remote associated addresses using different network numbers you must use RIP2 mode 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 2 1 4 1 110 A 16 300017 A Rev 00 AHB BootP DHCP IP and ATM Parameter Descriptions ATM Interface Parameter Descriptions Interface parameters define the state of the ATM interface Figure A 7 shows the window sequence for the interface attributes category ATM physical interface Service record Service E E E gt sitea_ protocol Upper layer i I I i sites record ATM0020A
81. ts 16 21 source MAC address e Octets 22 23 protocol ID 0x800 for IP The reference VPI VCI identify a preconfigured ATM PVC whose parameters are used as a template when AHB creates a new PVC 3 4 300017 A Rev 00 Customizing AHB Services To specify the name of the local init file you want to use complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose AHB The AHB menu opens 4 Choose Global The Edit ATM Half Bridge Global Parameters window opens 5 Set the Local Init File parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 4 6 Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window Specifying an Alternate Init File You can create an alternate init file backup as a safeguard in case the local init file fails to load properly when the router boots You should copy the alternate init file to a different flash memory card on the AHB router When you boot the AHB router it attempts to read the local init file If the local init file is null or if AHB cannot read the file it then reads the alternate init file 300017 A Rev 00 3 5 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services To specify the name of the alternate init file you want to use complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure
82. twork interface that you want to send DHCP packets to CPE hosts 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 2 1 4 BootP Relay Agent Preferred Server Table Parameters Use the following guidelines to configure BootP preferred server parameters in the BOOTP Relay Agent Preferred Server Table window Figure A 5 This table contains parameters that allow you to customize BootP relay agent preferred server functions Ee BOOTP Relay Agent Preferred Server Table Done Add Delete Apply Values Help Enable Disable Target Name Pass Through Mode Figure A 5 BOOTP Relay Agent Preferred Server Table Window A 12 300017 A Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID AHB BootP DHCP IP and ATM Parameter Descriptions The BootP relay agent preferred server parameters descriptions follow Enable Disable Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table gt Pref Serv gt Add Enable Enable Disable Specifies whether the forwarding route is active Select Enable to allow DHCP forwarding through this route select Disable to prevent DHCP forwarding through this route 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 3 1 2 Target Name Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt BO
83. ved by the AHB router are valid Choose Enable to enable packet filtering on the AHB router Choose Disable to disable packet filtering on the AHB router 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 13 1 7 300017 A Rev 00 A 5 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services AHB Circuit Parameters Use the following guidelines to configure AHB Circuit parameters in the ATM Half Bridge Circuit List window Figure A 2 Circuit Name ATMSR_1404101 4 Apply Values Help Ff ee Enable ENABLED Learned Host Subnet Mask 0 0 0 0 Enable Proxy ARP ENABLED Figure A 2 ATM Half Bridge Circuit List The AHB circuit list parameters follow Parameter Enable Path Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt AHB gt Circuit List Default Enabled Options Enabled Disabled Function Enables or disables AHB packet forwarding to and from CPE hosts connected via this circuit Instructions Choose Enable to enable AHB packet forwarding on this circuit Choose Disable to disable packet forwarding on this AHB circuit MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 9 13 2 1 2 A 6 300017 A Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID AHB BootP DHCP IP and ATM Parameter Descriptions Learned Host Subnet Mask Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt AHB gt Circuit List 0 0 0 0 None Applies only when you
84. work to which the interface connects However you can change the subnet mask with this parameter Specifies the network and subnetwork portion of the 32 bit IP address Either accept the assigned subnet mask or enter another subnet mask in dotted decimal notation Enter 0 0 0 0 if you are configuring an unnumbered interface on the circuit 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 2 1 4 1 6 300017 A Rev 00 Configuring ATM Half Bridge Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Transmit Beast Addr Select IP from the Select Protocols window and click on OK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 or any valid IP broadcast address Specifies the broadcast address that this IP subnet uses to broadcast packets Accepting 0 0 0 0 for this parameter specifies that the IP router will use a broadcast address with a host portion of all 1s Accepting 0 0 0 0 does not configure the router to use the address 0 0 0 0 to broadcast packets For example if you have IP address 123 1 1 1 and a subnet mask of 255 255 255 0 accepting the default value 0 0 0 0 configures the IP router to use the address 123 1 1 255 to broadcast packets To set the explicit broadcast address of all 1s enter 255 255 255 255 for this parameter Accept the default 0 0 0 0 unless the calculated broadcast address host portion of all 1s is not adequate If this is the case

Avaya Configuring ATM Half-Bridge Services User's Manual

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