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Wiley Mac OS X Lion For Dummies
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1. Mac OS X Lion 101 Prerequisites None In This Chapter Understanding what an operating system is and is not Turning on your Mac Getting to know the startup process Turning off your Mac Avoiding major Mac mistakes Pointing clicking dragging and other uses for your mouse Getting help from your Mac ongratulate yourself on choosing Mac OS X which stands for Macintosh Operating System X that s the Roman numeral fen not the letter X pronounced ten not ex You made a smart move because you scored more than just an operating system upgrade Mac OS X Lion includes several new features that make using your Mac easier and dozens of improve ments that help you do more work in less time In this chapter I start at the very beginning and talk about Mac OS X in mostly abstract terms then I move on to explain what you need to know to use Mac OS X Lion successfully If you ve been using Mac OS X for a while some of the information in this chapter might seem hauntingly familiar some features that I describe haven t changed from earlier ver sions of Mac OS X But if you decide to skip this chapter because you think you have all the new stuff figured out I assure you that you ll miss at least a couple of things that Apple didn t bother to tell you as if you read every word in Mac OS X Help the only user manual Apple provides anyway 0 Part I Introducing OS X Lion The Basics NING KY Tantalized L
2. Mac OS X Lion includes an awesome backup utility called Time Machine Unfortunately you need either an external hard drive or an Apple Time Capsule device to take advantage of it So I beg you Please read Chapter 18 now and find out how to back up before something horrible happens to your valuable data I strongly recommend that you read Chapter 18 sooner rather than later preferably before you do any significant work on your Mac Dr Macintosh says There are only two kinds of Mac users those who will not lose data and those who will Which kind do you want to be Don t kiss your monitor while wearing stuff on your lips For obvious rea sons Use a soft cloth and or OmniCleanz display cleaning solution I love the stuff made by RadTech www radtech us to clean your display Point and click boot camp Are you new to the Mac Just figuring out how to move the mouse around Now is a good time to go over some fundamental stuff that you need to know for just about everything you ll be doing on the Mac Spend a few minutes reading this section and soon you ll be clicking double clicking pressing and pointing all over the place If you think you have the whole mousing thing pretty much figured out feel free to skip this section I ll catch you on the other side Still with me Good Now for some basic terminology Point Before you can click or press anything you have to point to it Place your hand on your mouse and
3. just know that being based on Unix means that a Mac running OS X will crash less often than an older Mac or a Windows machine which means less down time Being Unix based also means far fewer viruses and malicious software But perhaps the biggest advantage OS X has is that when an application crashes it doesn t crash your entire computer and you don t have to restart the whole computer to continue working By the way with the advent of Intel powered Macs a few years ago you can now run Windows natively That s right you can now install and run Microsoft Windows on any Mac powered by an Intel processor as described in Chapter 17 Don t let that Unix stuff scare you It s there if you want it but if you don t want it or don t care like most of us you ll rarely even know it s there In fact you ll rarely if ever see the word Unix again in this book As far as you re concerned Unix under the hood means your Mac will just run and run and run without crashing and crashing and crashing 11 One last thing As I mention in the introduction I m repeating it here only in case you normally don t read introductions Mac OS X Lion comes with more than 50 applications Although I d love to tell you all about each and every one I have only so many pages at my disposal If you need more info on the programs I don t cover may I again recommend Mac OS X Lion All in One For Dummies written by Mark L Chambers o
4. ar MBER KV amp Chapter 1 Mac OS X Lion 101 Prerequisites None 13 Figure 1 1 This is what you ll see if everything is fine and dandy when you turn your Mac on If you don t want to have to type your name and password every time you start or restart your Mac or even if you do check out Chapter 17 for the scoop on how to turn the login screen on or off Either way the Desktop soon materializes before your eyes If you haven t customized configured or tinkered with your Desktop it should look pretty much like Figure 1 2 Now is a good time to take a moment for positive thoughts about the person who convinced you that you wanted a Mac That person was right Figure 1 2 The Mac OS X Lion Desktop after a brand spanking new installation of OS X Blue black gray screen of death If any of your hardware fails when it s tested you might see a blue black or gray screen Some older Macs played the sound of a horrible car wreck instead of the chimes complete with crying tires and busting glass It was exception ally unnerving which might be why Apple doesn t use it anymore The fact that something went wrong is no reflection on your prowess as a Macintosh user Something is broken and your Mac may need repairs If this is happening to you right now check out Chapter 20 to try to get your Mac well again 4 Part I Introducing OS X Lion The Basics ar ar If your computer is unde
5. move it so that the cursor arrow is over the object you want like on top of an icon or a button Click Also called single click Use your index finger to push the mouse button all the way down and then let go so the button produces a satis fying clicking sound If you have one of the new optical Apple Pro mice you push down the whole thing to click Use a single click to highlight an icon press a button or activate a check box or window In other words first you point and then you click point and click in computer lingo Double click Click twice in rapid succession With a little practice you can perfect this technique in no time Use a double click to open a folder or to launch a file or application NING KY Chapter 1 Mac OS X Lion 101 Prerequisites None Control click Hold down the Control key while single clicking Control clicking is the same as right clicking a Windows system and displays a menu called a contextual menu where you Control clicked In fact if you re blessed with a two or more button mouse such as the Apple Magic Mouse you can right click and avoid having to hold down the Control key Drag Dragging something usually means you have to click it first and hold down the mouse button Then you move the mouse on your desk or mouse pad so that the cursor and whatever you select move across the screen The combination of holding down the button and dragging the mouse is usually referred to as cli
6. or Enter In a few seconds your Mac pro vides you one or more articles to read which theoretically are related to your question Usually If you type menus and press Return for example you get 17 help topics as shown in Figure 1 6 As long as your Mac is connected to the Internet search results include arti cles from Apple s online support database by default Click the magnifying glass icon to the left of the Search field as shown in Figure 1 6 if you want to disable this feature Chapter 1 Mac OS X Lion 101 Prerequisites None 2 ar I can t think of any reason why you d want to disable this useful feature but I want you to know that you can if you like B00 Help Center ener Heip ME include Product Support Results A Results from 2 All Help Hide K Right click About menus and the menu bar Adding menus to an iDVD project Use a DVD s menus About buttons on iDVD menus Show all Related Search Terms contextual menus shortcut menus designing menus and buttons Figure 1 6 You have questions Mac has answers sE Although you don t have to be connected to the Internet to use Mac Help S you do need an Internet connection to get the most out of it Chapter 10 can help you set up an Internet connection if you don t have one That s because OS X installs only certain help articles on your hard drive If you ask a question that those articles don t answer Mac Help connec
7. cking and dragging Choosing an item from a menu To get to Mac OS menu commands you must first open a menu and then pick the option you want Point at the name of the menu you want with your cursor press the mouse button down and then drag downward until you select the command you want When the command is highlighted finish selecting by letting go of the mouse button If you re a longtime Mac user you probably hold down the mouse button the whole time between clicking the name of the menu and selecting the com mand you want You can still do it that way but you can also click the menu name to open it release the mouse button drag down to the item you want to select and then click again In other words OS X menus stay open after you click them even if you re not holding down the mouse button After you click a menu to open it you can even type the first letter or letters of the item to select it and then execute that item by pressing the spacebar or the Return or Enter key A menu remains open until you click something else Go ahead and give it a try Ill wait The terms listed above apply to all Mac laptop desktop and tower systems If you use a MacBook MacBook Pro or Apple Magic Trackpad however there are a few more terms such as fap swipe rotate pinch and spread you ll want to add to your lexicon You can read all about them in full and loving detail in Chapter 3 Not Just a Beatles Movie Help an
8. d the Help Menu One of the best features about all Macs is the excellent built in help and Mac OS X Lion doesn t cheat you on that legacy This system has online help in abundance When you have a question about how to do something the Help Center is the first place you should visit after this book of course 19 20 Part I Introducing OS X Lion The Basics Clicking the Help menu reveals the Search Help field at the top of the menu and the Mac Help item which opens the Mac Help window as shown in Figure 1 5 a a i ooo Help mi Welcome to vaL VODA LIU Gel apps at the Mac App Store Access frequently used items from the Dock Easily view and open all your apps Cet quick informatio Install upcate anc All about apps w See everything runni Take apps full scree Apps included with your Mac Figure 1 5 Mac Help is nothing if not helpful The keyboard shortcut for Help appears on the Help menu as but you really need to press to open Help through the keyboard Just so you know this is the only shortcut I can think of in which the menu doesn t display an up arrow to let you know that you need to press Shift You can find out much more about keyboard shortcuts in Chapter 3 To use Mac Help simply type a word or phrase in either Search field the one in the Help menu itself or the one near the top of the Help window on the right side and then press Return
9. drawing and moving the on screen window in which you write the memo Keeping track of a file when you save it Helping the word processor create drop down menus and dialogs for you to interact with Communicating with other programs And much much more stuff that only geeks could care about So armed with a little background in operating systems take a gander at the next section before you do anything else with your Mac Chapter 1 Mac OS X Lion 101 Prerequisites None The Mac advantage Most of the world s personal computers use Microsoft Windows But you re among the lucky few to have a computer with an operating system that s intuitive easy to use and dare say fun If you don t believe me try using Windows for a day or two Go ahead You prob ably won t suffer any permanent damage In fact you ll really begin to appreciate how good you have it Feel free to hug your Mac Or give it a peck on the disc drive slot Just try not to get your tongue caught As someone once told me Claiming that the Macintosh is inferior to Windows because most people use Windows is like saying that all other restaurants serve food that s inferior to McDonald s We might be a minority but Mac users have the best most stable most modern all purpose operating system in the world and here s why Unix on which Mac OS X is based is widely regarded as the best industrial strength operat ing system on the planet For now
10. en Sie dazu die Einschalttaste einige Sekunden gedr ckt oder drucken Sie die Neustart Taste IY Esa FEMEDIEDENBORT MI KSY EROMPL Rito VerbRIvewBet lt hKau Figure 1 3 If this is what you re seeing things are definitely not fine and dandy How do you know which version of the Mac OS your computer has Simple 1 Choose About This Mac from the menu the menu with the symbol in the top left corner of the menu bar The About This Mac window pops up on your screen as shown in Figure 1 4 The version you re running appears just below Mac OS X in the center of the window Version 10 7 is the release we know as Lion If you re curious or just want to impress your friends Mac OS X version 10 6 was called Snow Leopard 10 5 was known as Leopard 10 4 as Tiger 10 3 as Panther 10 2 as Jaguar 10 1 as Puma and 10 0 as Cheetah 2 Click the More Info button to launch the System Profiler application Chapter 1 Mac OS X Lion 101 Prerequisites None This app shows you much more information including bus speed number of processors caches installed memory networking storage devices and much more You can find more about this useful program in Chapter 19 8 0 0 About This Mac A g S J A Mac OS X Version 10 7 Software Update Processor 2 GHz Intel Core i7 Memory 4 GB 1333 MHz DDR3 Startup Disk Lion HD More Info TM and 1983 2011 Apple Inc All Rights Rese
11. ening of course but don t be lulled into a false sense of security Break the rules one time too many or under the wrong circumstances and your most important files will be toast The only time you should turn off your Mac without shutting down properly is when your screen is completely frozen or when your system crashed due to a kernel panic and you ve already tried everything else See Chapter 20 for what those everything else s are A really stubborn crash doesn t happen often and less often under OS X than ever before but when it does forc ing your Mac to turn off and then back on might be the only solution A few things you should definitely NOT do with your Mac In this section I cover the bad stuff that can happen to your computer if you do the wrong things with it If something bad has already happened to you I know I m beginning to sound like a broken record see Chapter 20 Chapter 1 Mac OS X Lion 101 Prerequisites None Eternally yours now Mac OS X is designed so that you never have to shut it down You can configure it to sleep after a specified period of inactivity See Chapter 17 for more info on the Energy Saver features of OS X If you do so your Mac will consume very little electricity when it s sleeping and will usu ally be ready to use when you press any key or click the mouse in less than a minute On the other hand if you re not going to be using it for a f
12. et s rock If you re about to upgrade to Lion from an earlier version of Mac OS X I feel obliged to mention a major pitfall to avoid One very specific misplaced click done while installing your new OS could erase every file on your hard drive The Appendix describes this situation in full and loving detail and it contains other important information about installing Lion that can make upgrading a more pleasant experience Gnawing to the Core of OS X The operating system that is the OS in Mac OS X is what makes a Mac a Mac Without it your Mac is a pile of silicon and circuits no smarter than a toaster So what does an operating system do you ask Good question The short answer is that an operating system controls the basic and most important functions of your computer In the case of Mac OS X and your Mac the oper ating system 1 Manages memory Controls how windows icons and menus work Keeps track of files Manages networking 1 Does housekeeping No kidding Other forms of software such as word processors and web browsers rely on the operating system to create and maintain the environment in which they work their magic When you create a memo for example the word processor provides the tools for you to type and format the information In the back ground the operating system is the muscle for the word processor perform ing crucial functions such as the following Providing the mechanism for
13. ew days you might want to shut it down anyway Note f you leave your Mac on constantly and you re gone when a lightning storm or rolling blackout hits your Mac might get wasted So be sure you have adequate protection say a decent surge protector designed specifically for computers if you decide to leave your Mac on and unattended for long periods See the section A few things you should definitely NOT do with your Mac elsewhere in this chapter for more info on lightning and your Mac Often as not leave it on when I m on the road so that can access it from my laptop via remote screen sharing So because OS X is designed to run 24 7 don t shut it down at night unless the night happens to be dark and stormy Don t unplug your Mac when it s turned on Very bad things can happen such as having your operating system break See the preceding section where I discuss shutting down your system properly Note that this warning doesn t apply to laptops as long as their battery is at least partially charged As long as there s enough juice in the bat tery to power your Mac you can plug and unplug its power adapter to your heart s content Don t use your Mac when lightning is near Here s a simple life equation for you Mac lightning dead Mac Nuff said Oh and don t place much faith in inexpensive surge protectors A good jolt of lightning will fry the surge protector right along with
14. hard drive scramble the contents of your most important files or both If a thunderstorm is rumbling nearby or you re unfortunate enough to have rolling blackouts where you live you might really want to shut down your Mac See the next section where I briefly discuss lightning and your Mac To turn off your Mac always use the Shut Down command on the menu or shut down in one of these kind and gentle ways 1 Press the Power key once and then click the Shut Down button in the Are You Sure You Want To Shut Down Your Computer Now dialog 1 On keyboards that don t have a Power key press Control Eject instead and then click the Shut Down button that appears in the Are You Sure You Want To Shut Down Your Computer Now dialog You can use a handy keyboard shortcut when the Shut Down button or any button for that matter is highlighted in blue and pulsating slightly Pressing the Return or Enter key is the same as clicking that button The Are You Sure You Want To Shut Down Your Computer Now dialog sports a new check box option in Mac OS X Lion Reopen Windows When Logging Back in If you check this box your Mac will start back up with the same windows and applications that were open when you shut down or restarted I think it s pretty darn sweet I m happy to report that Lion is full of such nice little improvements Most Mac users have been forced to shut down improperly more than once without anything horrible happ
15. of r O Prevent deleted Mes from being read amp Show All Hela Topics Figure 1 7 If you choose an item with a menu icon an arrow points to that item in context
16. r iLife All in One For Dummies written by my old friends Tony Bove and Cheryl Rhodes both from Wiley A Safety Net for the Absolute Beginner Or Any User In the following sections I deal with the stuff that Mac OS X Help doesn t cover or doesn t cover in nearly enough detail If you re a first time Macintosh user please please read this section of the book carefully it could save your life Okay okay perhaps I m being overly dramatic What I 2 Part I Introducing OS X Lion The Basics mean to say is that reading this section could save your Mac or your sanity Even if you re an experienced Mac user you might want to read this section Chances are you ll see at least a few things you might have forgotten that will come in handy now that you ve been reminded of them Turning the dang thing on Okay This is the big moment turning on your Mac Gaze at it longingly first and say something cheesy such as You re the most awesome com puter I ve ever known If that doesn t turn on your Mac and it probably won t keep reading Apple in its infinite wisdom has manufactured Macs with power buttons on every conceivable surface on the front side and back of the computer itself and even on the keyboard or monitor So if you don t know how to turn on your Mac don t feel bad just look in the manual or booklet that came with your Mac It s at least one thing that the documentation always co
17. r warranty dial 1 800 SOS APPL and a cus tomer service person can tell you what to do Before you do anything though skip ahead to Chapter 20 It s entirely possible that one of the suggestions there can get you back on track without your having to spend even a moment on hold Prohibitory sign formerly known as the flashing question mark disk Most users eventually encounter the prohibitory sign shown in the left margin which replaced the flashing question mark on a disk icon and flashing folder icon back in Mac OS X Jaguar This icon means that your Mac can t find a startup disk hard drive network server or DVD ROM containing a valid Macintosh operating system See Chapter 20 for ways to ease your Mac s ills Kernel panic You shouldn t see this very often but you might occasion ally see a block of text in four languages including English as shown in Figure 1 3 This means that your Mac has experienced a kernel panic the most severe type of system crash If you restart your Mac and see this message again look in Chapter 20 for a myriad of possible cures for all kinds of ailments including this one You need to restart your computer Hold down the Power button for several seconds or press the Restart button Veuillez red marrer votre ordinateur Maintenez la touche de d marrage enfonc e pendant plusieurs secondes ou bien appuyez sur le bouton de r initialisation Sie m ssen Ihren Computer neu starten Halt
18. rved Figure 1 4 See which version of Mac OS X you re running The legend of boot Bootthis Bootthat booted my Mac and or Did it boot and so on Talking about com puters for long without hearing the bootword is nearly impossible But why boot Why not shoe or shirt or even shazam Back in the very olden days say 1958 or a little earlier starting a computer required you to toggle little manual switches on the front panel which began an internal process that loaded the operating system The process became known as bootstrapping because if you toggled the right switches the computer would pull itself up by its bootstraps This phrase didn t take long to transmogrify into booting and finally to boot Over the years booting has come to mean turn ing on almost any computer or even a periph eral device such as a printer Some people also use it to refer to launching an application I booted Excel So the next time one of your gearhead friends says the b word ask whether he knows where the term comes from Then dazzle him with the depth and breadth of your not quite useful knowledge 16 Part I Introducing OS X Lion The Basics NNG Ry ar WNUN Shutting down properly Turning off the power without shutting down your Mac properly is one of the worst things you can do to your poor Mac Shutting down your Mac improp erly can really screw up your
19. ts to Apple s web site and downloads the answer assuming that you have an active Internet connection These answers are the Support Articles denoted by a plus sign as shown at the bottom of the window in Figure 1 6 earlier in this chapter Click one of these entries and Help Viewer retrieves the text over the Internet Although this can sometimes be inconvenient it s also quite smart This way Apple can update the Help system at any time without requiring any action from you Furthermore after you ve asked a question and Mac Help has grabbed the answer from the Apple web site the answer remains on your hard drive forever If you ask for it again even at a later date your computer won t have to download it from the Apple web site again 22 Part I Introducing OS X Lion The Basics Finally here s a cool feature I like to call automatic visual help cues Here s how they work 1 Type a word or phrase in the Help menu s Search field 2 Select any item that has a menu icon to its left such as the Secure Empty Trash item in Figure 1 7 The automatic visual cue an arrow appears pointing at that com mand in the appropriate menu Ge ile Edit view Go Window IS About Finder Sx Preferences x Menu tems Empty Trash mm Secure Empty Trash one Empty Trash a Mave to Trash EAE Holp Topics Remave Ies and folders from yo Services Ifthe Trash contains folders
20. vers These days most Macs have a power on button near the keyboard note books or the back side iMacs It usually looks like the little circle thingie you see in the margin Don t bother choosing Help gt Mac Help which opens the Help Viewer pro gram It can t tell you where the switch is Although the Help program is good for finding out a lot of things the location of the power switch isn t among them If you haven t found the switch and turned on the Mac of course you can t access Help anyway D oh What you should see on startup When you finally do turn on your Macintosh you set in motion a sophisticated and complex series of events that culminates in the loading of Mac OS X and the appearance of the Mac OS X Desktop After a small bit of whirring buzzing and flashing meaning that the operating system is loading OS X first tests all your hardware slots ports disks random access memory RAM and so on If everything passes you hear a pleasing musical tone and see the tasteful gray Apple logo in the middle of your screen along with a small spinning pinwheel cursor somewhere on the screen Both are shown in Figure 1 1 Here are the things that might happen when you power up your Mac Fine and dandy Next you might or might not see the Mac OS X login screen where you enter your name and password If you do press Return or Enter after you type your name and password of course and away you go
21. your computer as well as possibly frying your modem printer and anything else plugged into it Some surge protectors can withstand most lightning strikes but those warriors aren t the cheapies that you buy at your local computer emporium Unplugging your Mac from the wall during electrical storms is safer and less expensive Don t forget to unplug your external modem network hubs printers and other hardware that plugs into the wall as well lightning can fry them too For laptops disconnect the power adapter and all other cables because whatever those cables are connected to could fry and fry your laptop right along with it That said you could use your laptop during a storm if you like Just make sure that it s 100 percent wireless and cableless if you do Don t jostle bump shake kick throw dribble or punt your Mac especially while it s running Your Mac contains a hard drive that spins at 4 200 revolutions per minute rpm or more A jolt to a hard drive while it s reading or writing a file can cause the head to crash into the disk which can render many or all files on it unrecoverable Ouch 8 Part I Introducing OS X Lion The Basics ar 1 Don t forget to back up your data If the stuff on your hard drive means anything to you you must back it up Not maybe Must Even if your most important file is your last saved game of Bejeweled you still need to back up your files Fortunately
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