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Wiley SUSE Linux10 Bible

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1. Installing SUSE 10 In This Chapter T most important part of getting Linux up and run eae rr ning is installing the system Unfortunately this is also where most users encounter problems because of differences between the types of information that you need to know when installing Linux versus Windows This chapter demystifies the process by helping you through the installation pointing out any stumbling blocks that you may hit upon and offering sug gestions for resolving them Package selection Configuring your network Creating a user The program used to install SUSE Linux is known as YaST which stands for Yet another System Tool The Yet Setting up X another naming convention is a standard Unix Linux naming convention intended to reflect humorously on the Ne AG Ae number of similar tools that different people and companies have developed to do specific tasks in their favorite cus tomized fashion YaST provides a framework that supports independent modules that perform a variety of administrative tasks including modules for installation all system adminis tration and configuration tasks and subsequent system updates The YaST interface that you use for installation is therefore very similar to the interfaces that you will use for system configuration and administrative tasks when you have completed your SUSE Linux installation Powerful and well designed YaST will quickly become your friend
2. displayed is proposed for your hard dri m bi Create swap partition dev sdal 376 5 MB To accept these suggestions Create root partition dev sda2 3 6 GB with reiserts and continue select Accept Proposal If the suggestion does notfit your needs create your own partition setup starting with the partitions as currently present on the disks For this select Custom Partition Setup This is also the option to choose for advanced options like RAID and LVM Partitioning Accept Proposal Base Partition Setup on This Proposal Create Custom Partition Setup Back Abort P Next Figure 1 9 Partitioning Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 One key thing to know when defining and experimenting with disk partitioning is that none of the changes that you are defining are actually performed until you explicitly tell YaST to proceed with the installation You can make as many changes or experiment with different partitioning schemes as much as you want without actually committing those changes Aborting the SUSE Linux installation at any time before this point will leave your system s disk exactly as it was when you started the installation process What you do next depends on your requirements If you want to accept the default partition layout selected by YaST select Accept proposal as is click Next and skip ahead to the section of this chapter entitled Selecting Software for
3. gt Installation Summary Perform Installation Create swap partition dev sdal 376 5 MB Create root partition devsda2 3 6 GB with retserts Configuration Root Password Software Network Online Update Minimum Graphical System without GNOME and KDE 672 9 MB total Users CleanUp Language 3 Rale hoe Primary Language English UK Hardware Configuration Show Release Notes Change v Help Back Abort Accept Figure 1 8 Installation overview Clicking any heading in the Installation Overview section enables you to modify that aspect of your installation Similarly selecting the Change button displays a pop up menu from which you can select any of the headings on this screen to change or examine the relevant aspects of the installation to guarantee that they meet your requirements System Displays a dialog box showing the hardware that the installer detected in your system You cannot change these values Keyboard layout Select the keyboard set used for the system and the installation process Partitioning One of the most important aspects of installing a Linux sys tem Partitioning configures the target hard drive for the installation of an operating system Software Selection of predefined software profiles as well as individual software packages Booting Configuration of the Linux boot loader The boot loader bootstraps a loader
4. 3 2GB 5120 Fstab Options Mount Point swap X 19 managed by LVM e g 66 a The table to the rightshef ui 1 e1 3 oK Gancel the current partitions on all your hard disks Create Edit Delete Resize Hard disks are designated like this BAID Crypt File v Exper v Back Abon Einish Figure 1 12 Creating filesystems r Cross Filesystems are discussed in more detail in Chapter 3 Reference Start and end cylinders are often new concepts to new Linux users who are used to data sizes being defined in mega and gigabytes YaST enables you to enter the size of a partition in human readable form such as MB and GB The start cylinder as this is the first partition on the disk is 0 the start of the usable space on the disk and the end cylinder is what we need to change It is usually customary to select a swap size that is 1 5 times the amount of physical RAM in the system but this is subject to much conjecture A reasonable swap size should be considered based on the work load of the machine you will be using and as most modern PC systems have at least 512MB it is safe to use the standard 1 5 times physical memory To specify that you want the swap partition to be 750MB enter 750M in the End cylinder entry box The signifies that you want to add space the number is the unit of space needed and the M specifies that the amount of data is expressed in megabytes
5. DNS and host name Enter the name server address into the Name Server 1 field You can also enter up to two other separate DNS server entries Your administrator or ISP should be able to give you this information The Domain Search entry is used to control how your machine looks up the address of other machines connected through TCP IP For example if you use a Domain Search entry such as suse com you can communicate with any machine in the SUSE domain by just its host name For example with suse com as the Domain Search entry you can communicate with the machine you are setting up in this example by just using the host name of bible If you do have suse com as a Domain Search field however you have to specify the fully qualified domain name of the machine you want to communicate with in the case of this example that is bible suse com When you have set the DNS configuration for your system press OK to save your changes Configuring the Default Gateway Next you will probably need to configure the router gateway for your system To do this click the Routing button You will see a screen similar to the one shown in Figure 1 25 33 34 Part SUSE Linux Basics The routeing can be set up in 4 Routeing Configuration this dialogue The Default x Gateway matches every possible destination but poorly If any other entry exists that matches the required address it is used instead of the default r
6. LVM setup using a non LVM root device and a non LVM swap device is recommended Other than the root and swap devices you should have panitions managed by LVM The table to the right shows the current partitions on all your hard disks Hard disks are designated Create Edit Delete Resize like this a Lv BAID CryptFile Expert v Back Abon Einish Figure 1 11 Creating a partition 18 Part SUSE Linux Basics The most common way to partition disks for home Linux use is to have one pri mary partition for the Linux root partition a second primary partition for the swap partition and then an extended partition for any other logical partitions that may be needed Using extended and logical partitions grows the amount of total parti tions you can have in a system to 16 which is usually more than enough Select the Primary partition option and click OK to proceed Defining Filesystems After a primary partition has been created you need to define the format in which a filesystem should be created on that partition its size and the mount point for that filesystem Linux and Unix use the definition of mount points in the same way that Windows uses drive letters The advantage with Linux is that the whole system is hierarchical in nature and therefore access to data on disks network drives and partitions can be kept under one manageable tree structure Swap Partitions The first pa
7. You can also spec ify G for gigabytes which you will be using in the following example of creating a root partition After entering the size of your new swap partition click OK to proceed 20 Part SUSE Linux Basics Tip At a bare minimum the filesystems that need to be created are the swap space and a root filesystem However for ease of use and manageability the creation of a home partition can help keep your personal data separate from the system parti tion and also enable you to keep your data in the unlikely event that you want to do a total reinstall of Linux See the section on Data Partitions later in this chapter for more information In this example you are creating the bare minimum the swap and root partitions The Root Partition After the swap space has been created you need to configure the root partition see Figure 1 13 The root partition is the most important data partition on any Linux or Unix system and is the only non swap filesystem partition that is required in order to boot a Unix or Linux system The root partition takes its name from the fact that it is the partition mounted at the root of the Unix Linux filesystem which is the directory known as A filesystem must be mounted on this directory to successfully boot a Linux system The root filesystem contains core directories required to boot Linux such as the directory through which devices are accessed dev the directory c
8. bottom of the screen When you ve entered the BIOS setup screens different BIOS have different ways of configuring your system s boot sequence You may find the options you are looking for under Startup Items Boot Options or under your Advanced settings Make sure that your CD or DVD drive is probed before your floppy disk hard drives or network Once set save the new settings and your machine will reboot At this point your system should boot from the first SUSE CD or the DVD and you will see the welcome screen see Figure 1 1 6 Part SUSE Linux Basics Welcome Willkommen Bienvenido Benvenuto V tejte Bienvenue Figure 1 1 The SUSE Welcome screen Tip If your system does not display a screen like the one in Figure 1 1 reboot and hold down the Shift key while your computer system boots This will reboot your sys 4 tem into a text mode installer that follows the same general sequence as the graphical boot process described in this chapter but has fewer dependencies on the capabilities of the graphics card in your machine Selecting Boot Options When the boot splash screen has finished you will be asked to select how you want to install SUSE as well as some other helpful options for booting your system see Figure 1 2 The boot menu offers more than just installation options although the most com mon selection is the standard Installation item We discuss the other six options in detail because at so
9. create a new boot loader section or Delete to delete the selected section 4 4i gt From Other you can Add Edjt Delete Set as Default manually edit the boot loader configuration files clear the current configuration and propose aa Other v Back Abon Einish Figure 1 17 Boot loader configuration 26 Part SUSE Linux Basics Linux systems typically use one of two boot loaders LILO Linux Loader or GRUB Grand Unified Boot Loader Both are very powerful and flexible and are controlled by easily edited configuration files etc lilo cmf and etc grub conf respec tively The key difference between the two boot loaders is how they interact with these configuration files If you use LILO and update its configuration file you must rerun the lilo command to update the system boot information that is stored on your disk GRUB automatically rereads its configuration file whenever you boot your system and therefore does not require that you update any other system boot information A few years ago the general consensus was to move away from the LILO boot loader to the GRUB boot loader GRUB provides a more robust boot loader and the default configuration is fine for most users If YaST detects a Windows installation it adds this as a boot option providing a means to dual boot Windows and Linux on the same system YaST will already have configured your boot loader depending on your system con figuration T
10. default and is the one that is used during installation Normal setup This enables you to test the sound card There is a volume control and a test button When you have set the volume a test sound is played when you press test More detailed installation of sound cards If you choose this option you will be taken to a screen where any configurable options for the particular sound card that has been detected can be set Depending on the particular card these may include settings to enable a joystick and MPU midi process ing unit port settings If even experimentation with the detailed installation options fails you can try the low level alsaconf program As root type alsaconf to start the program It is a text based program that in fact provides the back end for YaST s sound configuration module but running it standalone gives you the opportunity to use its command line options including alsaconf 41 which writes a log file to tmp alsaconf log that may give a clue as to the problem Tip The ALSA Advanced Linux Sound Architecture home page can be found at w w w alsa project org This is the best place to start if you have any difficulties with 4 configuration of sound on Linux Completing Installation Once you have finished with your hardware configuration click Next It has been a long road but you have successfully installed SUSE at this point see Figure 1 33 Pat yourself on the back if you are a br
11. discussions about DHCP servers in Chapter 20 frapantan R Password for the System Administrator root V Desktop Selection Installation vV Installation Summary V Perform Installation Configuration Do not forget what you enter here gt Root Password Network Password for root User Online Update pe Users CleanUp Release Notes Confirm Password Hardware Configuration p ereere Expert Options Figure 1 21 Setting the root password Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 Preparation OM 4 Network Configuration Skip Configuration V Desktop Selection Use Following Contiguration Installation Installation Summary Firewall F V Perform Installation Configuration Firewall is enabled SSH is disabled V Root Password oat aie Network Interfaces Online Update Users AMD PCnet Fast 79C971 CleanUp Configured with DHCP DSL Connections Not detected ISDN Adapters Not detected Modems Not detected VNC Remote Administration Change v ULE Has Back Abort oma a Figure 1 22 Configuring network cards For most people using SUSE in a business environment a DHCP server may already be running and an address domain name system DNS server list and router configuration will already be available Home users and users setting up a server system will find it necessary to configure the
12. in YaST s Installation Settings panel or by clicking the Change button and selecting Default Runlevel from the pop up menu As you can see in Figure 1 19 you can choose to boot your SUSE system in a variety of different ways without networking functionality runlevel 2 multiuser with net work runlevel 3 or multiuser with X Windows runlevel 5 The default runlevel in a standard installation is runlevel 5 multiuser with X Windows You should keep this as your default runlevel unless you have a specific reason to change it When you make any changes that you want to your system s default runlevel click OK to set the selected runlevel as your system default The Set Default Runlevel pop up closes and YaST s Installation Setting panel displays 28 Part SUSE Linux Basics Preparation Language Time Zone 46666 Desktop Selection Installation gt Installation Summary Perform Installation Configuration Root Password Network Online Update Users CleanUp Release Notes Hardware Configuration Show Release Notes Help a Installation Settings Overview Expert Keyboard Layout Part Set Default Runlevel Default Runlevel 5 Full multiuser with network and display manager 3 Full multiuser with network 5 Full multiuser with network and display manager Booting Change v Back Abort Click any headline to make changes or use
13. job of coming up with possible suggestions than just about any other spell checker available for the English language including ispell and Microsoft Word It also has many other technical enhancements over Ispell such as using shared memory for dictionaries and be fall Cancel Check Dependencies Autocheck Accept Figure 1 15 Using the YaST package manager 24 Part SUSE Linux Basics The left panel of the package selection screen gives a broad overview of packages and disk space used and also indicates how much space will be required when installing all selected packages The Filter drop down list box provides a powerful way to limit what packages you can select As we stated in the Introduction we ourselves differ on our views of a few Linux idiosyncrasies including text desktop environments and also Linux on the desktop in general SUSE is aware of differing views throughout the whole Linux community and therefore using package selections enables users to specify things such as which desktop environment and editor they want to install why waste disk space if you re not going to use something The same is true for games multi media and specific server software The amount of disk space required to install your system can be reduced or enhanced by selecting specific packages We will keep the default package selection as chosen by SUSE and add a new pack age that is not installed by default Selecting Se
14. media in the drive and are drinking your coffee in another room When the system has rebooted YaST asks you for the remaining media to install the rest of the packages In the case of a minimal installation or all packages being installed YaST proceeds automatically to the system configuration 30 r Cross Yue Part SUSE Linux Basics Reference a a Configuring Your Root Password The first item that needs configuration is the root password see Figure 1 21 We will talk about the root user in Chapter 2 but for now it is enough to know this is the user who has the privileges to change anything on the system has access to all files on the system and is known as a superuser The password should be something that you can remember but also difficult to guess A combination of letters and numbers is always a good way of making a strong password Using your name family member names and so on should be avoided as these can be easy targets for passwords Click Next after you ve entered your root password and re enter for verification Configuring Your Network Access If any network interface cards have been detected in the system you will be asked to configure them for network access see Figure 1 22 By default YaST sets the first Ethernet card it finds as your system s primary Ethernet interface and assigns it an address that is configured via the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP You can find
15. not discussed here as part of our sample installation If you are feeling adventurous then testing your Internet connection and running the online update is a good idea but it is not necessary as part of the installation process Click Next after you have made your choice Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 Preparation Test Internet Connection V System y V TimeZone V Desktop Selection Installation Installation Summary V Perform Installation To validate your Internet access activate the test procedure Configuration V Root Password gt Network The following steps will be performed Online Update Users Download latest release notes CleanUp aap Check for latest updates Hardware Configuration Select Yes Test Connection to the Intemet No Skip This Test Help Back Abort Figure 1 26 Online update Configuring Your Modem Modems are notorious for being something of a problem area for Linux because many of the internal PCI modems that are on sale are not true modems but are what is known as winmodems or soft modems The idea behind winmodems is that some of the functionality of the modem can be offloaded from hardware into software the software in question being the Windows operating system As these devices are designed to work only with Windows and in theory require a Microsoft operating sys tem to work it is not surprising that th
16. the Change menu below Accept Figure 1 19 Changing the default runlevel Running the Installation When you ve made any changes to the installation select the Accept button in the Installation Settings window and the installation process begins You will be asked if you definitely want to create the partitions you defined and the filesystems that sit above them see Figure 1 20 Partitioning the disk is a destructive process and will remove any data that those partitions replace Caution This is your last chance to abort your installation without making any changes to your disk You should continue only if you are sure that the selected settings are cor rect If you are installing SUSE for the first time on a new computer system you have nothing to worry about If you are installing SUSE on an existing computer system on which you need to preserve existing data double check your settings before pro ceeding You can double check that your partitioning scheme is in fact correct for your environment and make changes as necessary by selecting Partitioning from the Installation Settings screen Then triple check your selections before proceeding Selecting Install will destructively create the partitions and filesystems and installs the packages you selected Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 29 teamed z Installation Settings V Language eS vV License Agreement vV System Analysis Click any headline to make
17. those packages you select to the install list and take you back to the package installation summary screen Selecting a Boot Loader The next item you can change is the configuration of the boot loader A boot loader is central to the deployment of Linux as it controls the booting of operating sys tems on the PC To customize the boot loader that is used by your SUSE installa tion you must click the Booting heading in YaST s Expert Installation Settings panel or click the Change button under the Expert Tab and select Booting from the pop up menu Doing either of these displays the pane shown in Figure 1 17 YaST s Boot Loader Settings screen Inthe table each section lt Boot Loader Settings represents one item in the boot menu Section Management Boot Loader Installation Press Edit to display the ae saannin properties of the selected section Def Label Type image Device By pressing Set as Default ii SUSE LINUX 10 0 Image bootivmiinuz dev sda2 roote devsda mark the selected section Floppy Other devAdo as detault When booting Failsate SUSE LINUX 10 0 Image bootvmlinuz devisda2 root devsda the bootloader will provide a boot menu and wait forthe user to select the kernel or other OS to boot If no key is pressed before the time out the Up default kernel or OS will be booted The order of sections in the bootloader menu can be changed using the Up and Down buttons Down Press Add to
18. Inc This is just the initial version of the release notes for SUSE Linux 10 0 The release notes will be finalized later This public beta test is part of the new openSUSE project Information about the project intended to support Linux development and open SUSE to the community is available at heep opensuse org Find information about known bugs for the beta in the openSUSE wiki at http seer opensuse org index php Rugs most_anneying_bugs Please report all bugs you encounter using this prerelease of SUSE Linux 10 0 in the Novell Bugzilla at http wew opensuse org index php Gubeit_a_bug If you would like to see anything added to the release notes please file a bug report using the component Release Notes These release notes cover the following areas General Information that everybody should read Update Changes that are not mentioned in the Start Up Manual Chapter 2 still empty Installation Additional pertinent information for installation still empty Technical This section contains a number of technical changes and enhancements for the experienced user In the Start up Manual find information about installation and basic system configuration In the Reference Guide the system configuration is explained in detail Additionally the most important applications and the desktops in general are described z Figure 1 29 The release notes 40 Part SUSE Linux Basics Configur
19. Installation If you are an experienced Linux user or you just want to specify your own cus tomized partitioning scheme select Create custom partition setup and click Next Then select the Custom partitioning for experts option and click Next see Figure 1 10 This presents you with the option to create and delete parti tions as well as other advanced options such as software RAID and crypto graphic filesystems All hard disks automatically Preparing Hard Disk Step 1 detected on your system are shown here Select the hard disk on which to install SUSE LINUX You may select later which part of the disk is used for SUSE LINUX The Custom Partitioning option for experts allows full control over partitioning the hard disks and assigning partitions to mount points when installing SUSE LINUX Hard Disk 2 1 SCSI 3 9 GB devsda VMware VMware Virtual S Custom Partitioning for experts Back Abort Figure 1 10 Selecting custom partitioning 16 Part SUSE Linux Basics If you are creating your own partitioning scheme and do not already have an operating system on your computer that you want to preserve skip to the section Primary and Extended Partitions Resizing Existing Operating System Partitions Nowadays it is quite common to have systems that can boot multiple operating systems Such computer systems enable users to take advantage of the power and applications ava
20. Selecting Your Installation Method You can install SUSE in numerous ways Different installation methods are useful in different circumstances The most com mon and recommended installation method is to use the installation media provided with the boxed SUSE Linux prod uct This book focuses on installing SUSE Linux 10 through the CDs provided with the SUSE Linux product Installing SUSE Linux using the DVD that is also provided in the boxed SUSE product follows essentially the same process but with the added bonus of not having to switch CDs 4 Part SUSE Linux Basics Different Installation Sources This chapter focuses on installing SUSE Linux from the DVD that was packaged with this book or from the installation discs you have purchased However your installation discs and the installation DVD that is packaged with this book like all SUSE installation media also support a number of other installation sources If you want to make sure that you get the latest SUSE installation on your system you may want to select Manual Installation from the initial menu of the boot DVD select the Start Installation option and then select the Network source medium This enables you to select from a variety of different installation sources including FTP installation which enables you to install SUSE from a network source such as one of SUSE s up to date repositories Other network installation mecha nisms include HTTP NFS SMB and TFTP altho
21. ake a look in the documentation that came with both your monitor and your graphics card and figure out the correct settings for them Sax2 comes with well defined Video Electronics Standards Association VESA set tings for general setup and also specific configurations from the major manufacturers of graphics systems The remainder of this section discusses a low specification graphics setup that should be safe for most people However you really should know how hard you can push your system so as not to damage your monitor by overdriv ing what your graphics card gives to it Most of today s monitors have built in set tings to protect against hardware damage but you should be especially careful when configuring the X Window system on an older monitor 42 Part SUSE Linux Basics Graphics Card Configuration As you have changed the resolution of your monitor you will also need to change the resolution of your graphics card to reflect the monitor settings To do this click on the resolution in Figure 1 30 this is 800 x 600 You will be presented with a small drop down box asking you for the resolution you wish to run X with see Figure 1 32 Configuring Your Sound Card YaST will detect the sound card and will set it up automatically During a standard installation you are not required to intervene in this process it just happens In almost all cases that is all you need to know The rest of this section concerns what you can d
22. and new user to the world of Linux You have done a lot of new things by installing SUSE not the least of which is that you have begun a journey on which you ll learn lots of new ideas and philosophies as well as giving you a stable operating system to use 44 Part SUSE Linux Basics Preparation amp Installation Completed V Desktop Selection Installation Congratulations Installation Summary Perform Installation The installation of SUSE LINUX on your machine is complete After clicking Finish you can log in to the system Configuration Root Password Visit us at http www novell comfinux V Network Have a lot of fun V Online Update Your SUSE Development Team V Users V CleanUp V Release Notes Hardware Configuration I Start YaST Control Centre SSS Help Back i 5 Figure 1 33 Installation completed If you are an experienced Linux user you should be quite happy about how much SUSE has come along from other distributions and how easy it has been to install it Don t worry however as with everything Linux related you can make it as easy or as hard as you like and you will see how in later chapters Just to whet your appetite Figure 1 34 shows an image of what you will see once your system has booted up to the system proper As this is a new installation with default settings typing in your username and pass word and pressing the login button automati
23. arch from the drop down list box enables you to enter search criteria for a package and returns all results based on the Search in criteria selected Figure 1 16 shows a search for the Blackbox window manager As you can see YaST returned not only the package Blackbox but also other packages that contain the word blackbox in their summary definitions which can be seen in the Description window File Package Extras Help Filter Search Package Summary bbtools Tools for the Blackbox Window Manager Search bbtools gui Tools for the Blackbox Window Manager with GUI Libraries 4 blackbox A Window Manager with the X Window System asthe only Dependency blackbox aa Search Search in x Name x Summary Description Provides Requires Search Mode 4 ale Contains X Description Technical Data Dependencies Versions Case Sensitive blackbox A Window Manager with the X Window System as the only Dependency Blackbox is a small fast and stable window manager Name Disk Usage Used Free Total Start it by typing GT 80 1 6068 407 8 MB 2 00 startx blackbox F X sasamaandad thas hm le and Ne te mni if an hana laat aasi th nitt ba 4 4i gt Check Dependencies Autocheck Cancel Accept Figure 1 16 Searching for individual packages Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 25 When a package is selected your disk usage will be increased to reflect the size of the install domain Select Accept to add
24. at bootup that enables the user to boot not only Linux but also any other operating systems in the system Time zone Set the time zone of the system based on either your location or specifically setting the GMT offset 14 Part SUSE Linux Basics Language Set the language of the system and also the installation process This was already set earlier in the installation process Default Runlevel Set the initial boot runlevel for the system Runlevels are discussed in Chapter 4 For now the default value runlevel 5 is acceptable Reset to defaults Remove all changes you have made and start from scratch This is useful for testing installation mixtures and seeing how these affect your system This is accessible from the Change button at the bottom of the screen Throughout the remainder of the installation we talk in more detail about what these settings do to your system and we also discuss the ways in which you can change these settings Partitioning Your Disks YaST initially chooses a partitioning scheme based on your disk layout It is very likely that the installation default will be fine see Figure 1 9 for a first time user For other users YaST enables you to control the layout of partitions on the disk the type of filesystems that are used on those partitions and any options that will be used when mounting them Your hard disks have been Suggested Partitioning checked The partition setup
25. but also provides an overview of using SUSE s network based installation Starting Your Installation Inside your SUSE box you should find the SUSE manuals which are considered among the best Linux manuals available and the media case The media case contains five CDs and two double sided DVDs One of the installa tion DVDs is installable while the other contains the SUSE Linux source code The installable DVD has two sides one used to install SUSE on standard Pentium class PCs and the other containing an installable version of SUSE Linux for 64 bit systems Each side of the DVDs is labeled in extremely fine print around the center ring of the DVD Depending on the hardware in your computer system installing from DVD is the least time consuming installation method Insert the first CD or the bootable DVD in your system s optical drive If you are booting from DVD make sure that the side that you want to boot from is facing up in your DVD drive Next enable booting from the optical media drive on your computer to start the installation routine During the bootup routine you need to enter the BIOS and set the order in which your system will probe attached devices looking for bootable media You can enter your system s BIOS setup routines by pressing a special key when booting the machine Typically this is the F2 Delete or F1 key check your system s boot screen for BIOS Setup instructions which are usually displayed at the
26. cally loads the K Desktop Environment The version of KDE that SUSE ships with has been optimized to integrate with the SUSE system and you will see how well a job the developers have done in Chapter 8 Enjoy play around with the system and as the developers in Germany say Have a lot of fun Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 45 SUSE Linux Figure 1 34 The final installed system
27. changes or use the Change menu below V TimeZone i V Desktop Selection Overview Expert Installation a gt Installation Sur Perform Install Confirm Installation Configuration Root Password All information required for the base installation is now complete Network Online Update If you continue now partitions on your hard disk will be formatted erasing any existing data in Users those partitions according to the installation settings in the previous dialogs CleanUp i Hanas Moua Go back and check the settings if you are unsure Hardware Con Show Release i Back Install Help Back Abort Accept Figure 1 20 Confirmation of installation During package installation you can view the progress the CDs needed and also an overview of the package use by selecting the Details button To switch back to the slideshow select the Slideshow button This may be a good time to get a coffee as nothing interesting happens while pack ages are installed If you are installing from CDs after the packages from CD 1 are installed the system will automatically reboot itself to use the specific kernel for your architecture as well as to commit packages installed on the system If you think back to the discussion of the install boot options at the beginning of the chapter you will remember that the default is to boot off the hard drive first This helps a lot if you leave the install
28. ches the filesystems known as unmounting them to guarantee that all system data is consistent before the system is turned off Using a journaling filesystem does not mean it is safer to just power off the machine as data loss can still occur when data is not completely written to the disk After the root partition has been created you can review your changes see Fig ure 1 14 and proceed with the software installation by clicking Finish If you want to create additional filesystems during the installation process read the next sec tion before clicking Finish Partition your hard disks lt Expert Partitioner This is intended for experts If you are not familiar with the concepts of hard disk Device Size F Type Mount Start End Used By Label partitions and how to use devisda 4 0 GB VMware VMware Virtual S 0 521 them you might want to dev ssdal 517 7 MB F Linux swap swap 0 65 go back and select dev sda2 2 0 G8 F Linux native Reiser I 66 327 automatic partitioning Please note that nothing will be written to your hard disk until you confirm the entire installation in the last installation dialogue Until that point you can safely abort the installation For LVM setup using a non LVM root device and a non LVM swap device is recommended Other than the root and swap devices you should have partitions managed by LVM The table to the right shows the current partitions on all your hard disk
29. d this turns off some of the features of the kernel that can cause problems with buggy or old system hardware You should select this option if you 8 Part SUSE Linux Basics encounter problems during installation and they do not seem related to power management Rescue System The Rescue System enables you to correct system problems such as disk corruption or lost passwords by booting from the installation media and subsequently correcting system problems The Rescue System is quite a feature rich system that you can use to load and edit filesystems as well as change the settings of an installed system Memory Test SUSE has been very kind and integrated a memory test suite in the system boot menu The memory test will run long and exhaustive tests on your system s memory and warn you of any anomalies that it encounters on the way We have used this a few times with systems that don t quite seem to be running as we expect and it has been able to tell us that a DIMM Dual In Line Memory Module has indeed failed In this chapter we select the standard Installation option in the boot menu Note SUSE has changed the original boot splash screen to be something more akin to the Windows bootup see Figure 1 3 While this is fine for first time users it is some thing that will infuriate hard core Linux users SUSE is aware this may be a problem for some users and pressing ESC while the system boots up will allow you to
30. e pane shown in Figure 1 15 Eile Package Extras Help Package Summary sj A aspell A Free and Open Source spell checker Filter Selections Package Groups Help and Support Documentation ies once appicatons a O Games C Multimedia DD Voice over P C XEN Virtualization C Simple Web Server with Apache2 C LDAP Server and Tools O Network and Server C Laptop C Mobile Computing O C C Compiler and Tools o Kemmel Development C KDE Development C GNOME Development O Tel Tk Development System O Java Used Total mm 180 1 60 G8 407 8 MB 2 00 Gt Name Disk Usage Free ag bai myspell american American Dictionary for MySpell p unixonec Ip wine ODBC driver manager with some drivers included An MS Windows emulator ALPHA g Description Technical Data Dependencies Versions pi Languages pA myspelt british British Dictionary for MySpell 5 A KI Search b OpenOffice _org A Free Office Suite the Language Independent part 2 o installation Summary p startup notification Reference Implementation for the Startup Notification Protocol o syrenT pj taskjuggler kde Project Management Software for KDE aspell A Free and Open Source spell checker il GNU Aspell is a spell checker designed to eventually replace Ispell It can be used as a library or as an independent spell checker Its main feature is that it does a much better
31. e to the SUSE installation is the option to select your desktop environ ment during installation see Figure 1 7 If you are a GNOME or KDE fan you can select one of those here If you prefer another desktop environment for example Window Maker then click Other and then Select maparaan M Clock and Time Zone vV Language vil vV System Analysis Region Time Zone TimeZone aE EAR C Luani E USA Luxembourg Installation Canada Macedonia Installation Summary Central and South America Malta Perform Installation Asia Moldova Configuration aah Monaco Root Password Netherlands Network Pacic Northern Ireland Online Update Global Norway Users Ek Poland CleanUp Portugal Release Notes Romania Hardware Configuration Russia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzeriand Turkey Ukraine a z Hardware Clock Set To Nme and Date UTC gt 15 08 59 19 10 2005 Change Help Back Abort Next Figure 1 6 Time zone selection 11 12 Part SUSE Linux Basics Preparation M Desktop Selection V System y V TimeZone gt Desktop Selection Installation Installation Summary Perform Installation KDE Configuration KDE is a powerful and intuitive desktop Root Password environment that uses Kontact as its mailer Network and Konqueror as its browser and file manager 5 Online Update Users GNOME CleanUp Release Notes GNOME is 4 powerful and i
32. eature of the SUSE user creation process is that you can set yourself as the user who receives any mail destined for root by selecting the Receive System Mail option Regardless of whether you set up this option it is always a good idea to read the root user mail if you are the owner of the root user account to see any automated mails that the system sends as well as mails from the mail subsys tem This includes bounced emails system errors and package updates that have been installed Taking another page from Mac OS X and Windows XP SUSE enables you to set up an account to automatically log in to the system for you when the machine boots up For home users this provides a simpler way to use their system but it is impracti cal and insecure in business environments For example if you are the user who is automatically logged in on boot up someone else can gain access to your files sim ply by turning the machine on When you have finished adding your user information click Next to continue and SuSEconfig will run SuSEconfig The SUSE system configuration is controlled by SUSE specific control files that the system application SuSEconfig uses to write application specific configuration files Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 39 This enables the user to configure services and server processes without having to understand application specific configuration files When all packages have been installed SuSEconfig picks up the defaul
33. ed users as discussed in the next section When creating a swap partition you must select Swap as its format You will notice that the mount point will also change to be swap because the swap parti tion is not mounted like a data partition but is used internally by the Linux system Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 Partition your hard disks If you are not familiar wr the concepts of hard dist partitions and how to u them you might want to go back and select automatic partitioning Please note that nothing will be written to your hard disk until you confirm the entire installation in the last installation dialogue Un that point you can safely abort the installation For LVM setup using a non LVM root device ant non LVM swap device is recommended Other th the root and swap devici you should have pantitio This is intended for experts Expert Partitioner ne First choose the type of the partition and whether this partition should be formatted Then enter the mount point boot usr Nar etc Now enter the location of the new partition on your hard disk Please enter the starting cylinder number of the Partition After that either specify an ending cylinder number or an offset from the first cylinder Format Do not format Form File system Swap Create a Primary Partition on dev sda a Cylinder size 7 84 M Start cylinder o at Eng 9 or 9M or
34. en you have a problem with installation and are Itis recommended to check all installation media to avoid installation problems using a CD or DVD installation medium you CD or DVD Drive should check whether the medium could be broken VMware Virtual IDE CDROM Drive dev hdc Select a drive insert a Status Information medium into the drive and press Start Check to perform the check The check can take several minutes depending on speed ofthe drive and size of the medium The check verities the MDS checksum Ifthe check of the medium fails you should not continue the installation It may fail or you may lose your data You should replace the broken medium After the check you can insert the next medium and start the procedure again The order of the media is irrelevant a Note You cannot change C e E Back Abort Figure 1 5 SUSE media check Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 Next as with most software products you have to agree to the SUSE license before using the system Customizing the Installation For SUSE to operate correctly the system time must be correct you may get quite confused when the system says something happened at 3 a m when in fact it hap pened at noon Before partitioning your disks and setting up your system you will need to select your time zone check your date and time and also your location see Figure 1 6 Selecting Your Desktop Environment A new chang
35. ere are difficulties getting them to work on Linux So there are three possibilities You have an old fashioned external serial modem These will always work under Linux You have a winmodem This may or may not work with Linux You have an internal true hardware modem In almost all cases this will work with Linux Winmodem support has improved considerably and some previously unsupported modems now work with Linux SUSE supports at least the SmartLink and Lucent ltmodem types During the installation if YaST detects that you have a supported winmodem it will install the necessary package to provide driver support 55 36 Part SUSE Linux Basics Note Assuming that your modem is supported YaST asks you for the necessary informa tion to set up the modem and your dial up connection In the first screen of the setup you are asked for a dial prefix if necessary a prefix you might need to get an outside line for example and to choose between tone dialing and pulse dialing tone dialing will be the correct choice unless your telephone exchange is very antiquated The other two choices here Speaker on and Detect Dial tone you will almost certainly want to leave as they are selected by default The next screen asks you for your country and offers a small selection of preconfig ured providers ISPs This means that the access number is already known to the system for these providers One or two have gone further and e
36. hapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 41 yarn L Hardware Configuration anguage V License Agreement V System Analysis V TimeZone stata ihations Select Monitor Vendor and Model Installation Sur 1024X768 60HZ Perform Install 1024X768 70HZ i AAMAZING 1024X768 75HZ Aee A ACER 1024X768 85HZ 2 tert eet ACTIX 1152X864 75HZ V Online Update APARA 1280X1024 60HZ epee ADDONICS 1280X1024 75HZ E CleanUp ADDVIEW 1280X1024 8SHZ Release ote 140 1280X960 60HZ ap Hardware Con ALPHASCAN 1280X960 85HZ ALTIMA 1600X1200 60HZ AMAGA 1600X1200 6S5HZ AMAX 1600X1200 70HZ AMDEK 1600X1200 75HZ AMSTRAD 1600X1200 8S5HZ AOC 1792X1344 60HZ APOLLO 1792X1344 75HZ APPLE 1856X1392 60HZ ARP 1856X1392 75HZ ARTMEDIA 1920X1440 60HZ AST 21 1s20x1440075Hz x w e lt Figure 1 31 Choosing your monitor model If your specific monitor is listed in the vendor list select it If not choose either LCD for laptop or flatscreen monitors or VESA for CRT monitors It is usually a safe bet that a resolution of 1024 x 768 will be supported by your monitor Every Linux book and piece of documentation on X Windows configuration has a dis claimer about configuring your graphics system This book is no different because there are real dangers if you set up your monitor incorrectly Because the graphics card drives the monitor it is imperative that you either configure the graphics system with standard lower settings or t
37. hing you have set up yourself When integrating a new system into an existing networked environment you should always follow the same naming conventions that are already being used especially 4 for the domain name If you do not other systems on the network may not be able to locate your system correctly and certain services on your system may not be able to interoperate with existing network services Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 Insertthe hostname and 2 4 Host Name and Name Server Configuration domain name for your e computer Name server list and domain search list are optional A name server is a computer that translates host names into IP addresses This value must Host Name and Domain Name be entered as an IP Hostname Domain Name address e g 10 10 0 1 bibie fuse com not as a host name r Search domain isthe domain name where host name searching starts The Name Servers and Domain Search List primary search domain is Name Server 1 Domain Search 1 usually the same as the fis2 168 0 354 fuse com domain name of your computer e g suse de Name Server 2 Domain Search 2 There may be additional J search domains e g suse com Name Server 3 Domain Search 3 If you are using DHCP to J J get an IP address check ja whether to get a host name via DHCP or to set name servers and searched domains via DHCP It you plan to use a dial up zi m e Figure 1 24 Configuring
38. his also includes any Windows installations that have been found To edit a boot loader entry select the relevant entry and click Edit You will be pre sented with the boot item configuration screen shown in Figure 1 18 Section Name Boot Loader Settings Section Management Use Section Name to specify the boot loader section name The section name must be unique Kernel Section Kernel Use Kernel to specify the Section Name kernel image to load SUSELINUXTOG Initial RAM Disk Use Initial RAM Disk to specify the initial RAM disk initrd to load If it is left empty no initial RAM disk Kernel is loaded during boot Section Settings bootvmlinuz Root Device Use Root Device to specify Initial RAM Disk the root file system to mount atter kernel is foovinitrd loaded VGA Mode Root Device VGA Mode Use VGA Mode to specify idevisda2 0x332 z the resolution and colour depth to set after the kernel has booted Other Kernel Parameters selinux 0 resume dev sdal splash silent showopts Other Kernel Parameters Use Other Kernel Parameters to set other hs Back Abort POK Figure 1 18 Editing a boot loader entry Note Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 27 One of the most important reasons for editing the default boot loader configuration is to add a Linux kernel option at startup If your hardware manufacturer has noti fied you that a certain value must be passed to the Linux kernel at boot time y
39. ilable in each operating system by selecting between available operating systems when you boot the system These are typically referred to as dual boot systems because most people install at most two operating systems ona single machine However because more than two operating systems can be installed on a single disk the proper name is multiboot which is the term used in this sec tion The number of operating systems that you can boot and run on a single com puter is really limited only by the amount of disk space available on your computer system With SUSE Linux the most common type of multiboot system is a system that can boot either SUSE Linux or some version of Microsoft Windows Windows will be used as an example throughout the rest of this section although the same general concepts are true when setting up multiboot systems that will run SUSE Linux and any other operating system Explaining how to install Windows on an existing SUSE Linux system is not relevant to a discussion of installing SUSE Linux However the reverse is not true Installing SUSE Linux on a system that already runs Windows and on which you want to be able to continue to run Windows is a common wish This is quite easy to do and involves only resizing your existing Windows partition s so that sufficient contigu ous space is available for installing SUSE If you are running a new installation on a system that already contains an operating system such as Windows
40. ing Your Hardware When you have read the release notes click Next and you will be asked to configure your hardware see Figure 1 30 The YaST installer and the YaST system configura tion manager runs the same modules to configure hardware For now you will con figure the video card so that you can use X KDE GNOME YaST in SUSE 10 has changed the way it detects your graphics capabilities YaST will automatically sense what your current configuration is and will then allow you to change those individual settings Configuring Your Monitor To change your monitor configuration from what YaST detected click on the moni tor listed under Graphics Cards You will be presented with a list of available mon itors from which you can choose see Figure 1 31 Preparation vV Lan v Lice Hardware Configuration Skip Configuration V Desktop Selection Use Following Contiguration Installation Installation Summary V Perform Installation Graphics Cards Graphics card VMWare Inc VMWARE0405 Monitor VESA 800X600 60HZ 800x600 Colourdepth 16 Bit 65536 Colours Configuration V Root Password V Network Online Update eee V Users V CleanUp Creative Sound Blaster AudioPCI64V AudioPCl128 V Release Notes Configured assnd card 0 Hardware Configuration TV Cards Not detected Bluetooth Disabled Change ae lt Figure 1 30 Hardware configuration C
41. llation set Manual installation Manual installation requires that you boot from a SUSE CD but provides more control over the source of the packages used when installing SUSE Linux For example this installation method enables you to install SUSE from a centralized network repository where the SUSE Linux packages are located using network protocols such as FTP File Transfer Protocol HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol NFS Network File System SMB Server Message Block the Windows file sharing protocol and even TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol This is a common installation method Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 5 when you want to install SUSE on a large number of networked computer sys tems Manual installation also enables you to install SUSE from an existing hard drive partition where the SUSE packages are installed You can use Manual installation to install SUSE from a portable external hard drive AutoYaST AutoYaST is an advanced installation method that enables a system administrator to create a profile file that can be used to automate installing SUSE Linux on any number of identically configured systems As you can see each installation method has its own advantages and disadvantages and some are specifically targeted toward technically sophisticated users or system administrators who are installing SUSE into existing networked environments The remainder of this chapter focuses on installing from CD or DVD
42. me point in the life of a SUSE user you will likely need to use the others Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 7 SUSE Linux Boot from Hard Disk Installation Installation ACPI Disabled Installation Safe Settings Rescue System Hemory Test Figure 1 2 Boot options Boot from Hard Disk This is the default setting if you do not interact with the boot sequence It s the default because your system automatically reboots as part of the installation process to load the kernel that is installed on your hard drive during the initial phases of the installation process If you forget to remove the installation media the system will still boot off the hard disk and the install routine can continue Installation This is the standard option that most users should select It will boot from the CD and start the install routine YaST We discuss the rest of the process in the remainder of this chapter Installation ACPI Disabled Advanced Configuration and Power Interface ACPD is a feature of most new processors that controls power management and the way interrupts are handled by the system hardware You should select this option if you encounter problems during the installation process such as if your computer system goes to sleep blanks the screen and powers down the drives and if pressing the appropriate keystroke does not wake it up again Installation Safe Settings As with the ACPI Disabled installation metho
43. nable you to use a preconfigured username and password to sign up with them or even to get full anonymous access with payment being collected through your phone charges If you already have an account with an ISP that is not listed you need to press the New button and add the details of the provider s name the access phone number and your username and password When this is done press Finish and the modem configuration should be complete You will then be able to connect using the kintermet program which you can access through the KDE menu Internet Dialup You can set kinternet to run whenever you log in to KDE if you do this you can log in by clicking its tiny icon which will be resident in the system tray area of the KDE panel by default in the bottom right corner of the screen More information about using winmodems under Linux can be obtained from w w w linmodems org You may be able to obtain a driver for your modem from this site even if it is not supported by SUSE You can also download a tool called scanModem which detects the exact type of modem that you have When you know this you can search the site for information about whether it is possible to get it working ISDN and ADSL Connections SUSE has very good support for internal Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN cards and these can also be set up at this point in the installation In most cases the card will be automatically set up and you just have
44. nder e g 66 Format Do not format Format File system Reiser Options Encrypt file system ro Size Cylinder sze 7 84 M Start cylinder 66 Eng 9 or 9M or 3 2GB 521 Fstab Options Mount Point Cancel like this a Back LVM BAID m Crypt File Abon Exper v Einish Figure 1 13 Creating the root partition Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 21 By default creating this partition will automatically use the remaining unallocated space on the hard drive which is fine for our example However if you need to cre ate another partition home for example you specify the size of the partition explicitly as you did with the swap space See the next section Data Partitions for an overview of why you may want to create additional partitions The default type of filesystem used in SUSE is the Reiser filesystem often referred to as the ReiserFS It was one of the first available journaling filesystems for Linux and a lot of the work was funded by both SUSE and mp3 com A journaling filesystem dedicates a specific part of the filesystem for use as a cache of pending writes to the filesystem this ensures that filesystem updates occur in a clean atomic fashion and allows a fast recovery if the system is not cleanly shut down Ordinarily when a Linux system is shut down it ensures that all pending writes to each filesystem have com pleted and then deta
45. ntuitive desktop a J e Hardware Configuration environment that uses Evolution as its mailer Firefox as its browser and Nautilus as its file manager Other Se Help Back Abort P Next Figure 1 7 Selecting your desktop environment You will be given the option of either a minimal desktop environment or text mode only If you are installing SUSE as a server then these options are the best to go with as it minimizes unnecessary packages being installed For this installation we will choose GNOME Installation Overview After you have made the decision about the desktop environment you want to use YaST will then give you an overview of what it is going to do see Figure 1 8 If you are installing on a new system with no other operating system or you do not need any other packages installed you can check the installation profile and click Next If you want to tweak the installation system change the partition layout or install other packages follow the rest of the chapter Customizing Your Installation To be able to get a broader overview of what you can change in the installation click the Expert tab This displays all available options rather than the few shown in the Overview tab Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 13 teamed z Installation Settings Click any headline to make changes or use the Change menu below V Desktop Selection Overview Expert Installation Partitioning
46. o after installation if it turns out that sound was not configured correctly during the installation Sasa Hardware Configuration V Language V License A e V System Analysis V TimeZone Skip Configuration V Desktop Selection Use Following Contiguration Installation Installation Summary Perform Installation Configuration V Root Password V Network Online Update vV Users V CleanUp V Release Notes Select resolution Hardware Configuration 800x600 SVGA 800x600 SVGA 1024x768 XGA 1152x864 XGA 1280x768 WXGA 1280x800 WXGA 1280x960 QVGA 1280x1024 SXGA Bluetooth 1440x900 WXGA 1400x1050 SXGA 1600x1000 Change v ce al Help Back Figure 1 32 Graphics card resolution Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 43 After the installation is complete confirm that sound is working by attempting to play a music CD or music file for example an MP3 file using the x mms player pro gram If you don t hear sound at this stage first check the physical connection to the speakers Then if you are using KDE check that the KDE volume control is at a sensible setting and not disabled or turned down to zero In the unlikely event that sound still fails to work you can rerun the YaST sound module in expert mode The sound module is found in YaST s Hardware section You will find three possible setup modes Quick automatic setup This is the
47. ontaining system administration configuration and initial ization files etc the directory in which critical system libraries kernel modules security and internationalization information are located 1lib and directories containing critical system binaries sbin bin and so on Expert Partitioner Partition your hard disks a This is intended for experts If you are not familiar with the concepts of hard disk Device Size F Type Mount Start End partitions and how to use devisda 40GB VMware VMware Virtual S 0 521 them you might we a go back and select automatic partition Create a Primary Partition on dev sda Used By Label First choose the type of Please note that not will be written to y hard disk until you confirm the entire installation in the la installation dialogu that point you can abort the installation For LVM setup using non LVM root devic non LVM swap devi recommended Ott the root and swap d you should have p managed by LVM The table to the rig the current partitior your hard disks Hard disks are des the partition and whether this partition should be formatted Then enter the mount point boot fusr Nar etc Now enter the location of the new partition on your hard disk Please enter the starting cylinder number of the partition After that either specify an ending cylinder number or an offset from the first cyli
48. ou would append it to the Other kernel parameters section of the configuration dia log box When you are happy with the boot loader item configuration click OK to return to the boot loader overview screen A few very common kernel parameters that we have come across in recent years are noht and noacpi Both of these parameters are relevant to modern machines The first noht will turn off Linux s support of the Intel processor s hyperthreading fea ture In certain processor bound workloads it is better to turn off hyperthreading to improve performance The second noacpi turns off Linux s ACPI infrastructure ACPI is the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface and is a standardized way for an operating system to control machine power BIOS settings and so on In some situ ations ACPI actually stops Linux from booting on certain machines Using the boot loader configuration to set these parameters enables you to control this before a system is installed When you make any changes that you want on the Boot Loader setup screen click the Finish button to return to the standard YaST installer screen Changing the Default Runlevel Runlevels are discussed in detail in Chapter 4 As a quick summary a system s runlevel determines the services that are automatically started when your system boots The YaST Expert Installation Settings screen can be used to change the default runlevel of the system by clicking the Default Runlevel heading
49. oute The idea of the default route is simply to enable you to say and Detault Gateway everything else should go 192 168 0 8 X here Enable IP Forwarding if the m Routeing Table system is a router I Expert Configuration eal ee a 7 Enable IP Forwarding pa wo Figure 1 25 Configuring a default gateway Your default gateway address is the IP address of the host to which TCP IP packets that are not destined for your local network are sent for further processing For example your gateway address will be that of your asymmetric digital subscriber line ADSL router if that is how you connect to the Internet In other cases your network or system administrator will be able to provide you with this information When you have set the gateway address click OK to proceed You will then be returned to the Network Address Setup screen If you are happy with the network card configuration click Next When you have finished configuring all of the network cards that you need to con figure click Next in the Network Configuration screen This tells YaST to save the changes to your network configuration and restart the system networking Testing Your Connection and Online Updates Taking a page from the other operating systems SUSE now enables you to run the update service as soon as the system has been installed see Figure 1 26 Online updates are discussed in more detail in Chapter 9 and are
50. rtition you need to create is the swap partition Most modern operating systems use swap partitions also referred to as swap space to support virtual memory Virtual memory is a technique for enabling a system to use more memory than is physically available to the operating system Processes on the system that are inactive or are waiting for input are copied from physical memory into swap space known as swapping out a process At this point the physical memory associ ated with those processes can be reused by the operating system When the pro cess can run again such as when input is available it is copied from the swap space back into memory and continues execution This is known as swapping in a process The way in which processes are swapped in and out of memory is simple in theory but is triggered by a number of internal metrics that are maintained and constantly updated by the kernel You should always create a swap partition on a Linux or Unix machine as the work load on any system can never be fully quantified beforehand and running out of physical memory without swap space causes processes to crash or be unable to execute in the first place The window to create a filesystem partition can be quite daunting for new users see Figure 1 12 SUSE and the other distributions try to make the process as sim ple and usable as possible Selecting the format of the filesystem is primarily a con cern when creating data partitions or for advanc
51. ry Access Protocol LDAP to store user account details Most home users need to configure only a standalone machine and should select that option see Figure 1 27 p Cross See Chapter 25 for more information on the configuration of LDAP Reference Click Next to create a new local user and the Add a New Local User screen appears see Figure 1 28 Most of the information needed for creating a new user is self explanatory siete User Authentication Method Language Licens System A Time Zone 46666 Desktop Selection Installation Installation Summary V Perform Installation Configuration V Root Password V Network Online Update Online Upda Authentication Method Users CleanUp Local etc passwd Release Notes C LDAP Hardware Configuration C NIS C Samba Help Back Abort Figure 1 27 User configuration 38 Part SUSE Linux Basics Tip Preparation V Language New Local User V TimeZone V Desktop Selection Installation Installation Summary V Perform Installation User s Full Name Configuration Justinbaves SSCS V Root Password oes V Network Username V Online Update in Suggestion Users CleanUp Password Relea es peee o Hardwar onfiguration Confirm Password EEEE TT Receive System Mail r User Management o w EE Figure 1 28 Creating a local user One nice f
52. s Hard disks are designated Create Edit Delete Resize like this gt LVM BAID Crypt File Expen v Back Abon Einish Figure 1 14 Reviewing changes to the partition scheme 22 Part SUSE Linux Basics Data Partitions Data partitions is a generic term for partitions that are formatted as a filesystem and in which both the system and its users can store data The partition designated as the root filesystem is a special case of a data partition because it is required in order to boot a Linux system The preceding sections explained how to create the swap and root partitions that must be present to successfully boot a Linux system However you can also create other data partitions format them as filesystems and specify their mount points during the installation process On Linux systems a mount point is simply a Linux directory through which a filesystem is made available to the system known as mounting that filesystem Using regular directories as mount points is a clever part of the design of Unix and Linux If you run out of disk space on a given partition you can add another disk to your system create data partitions there copy the data from existing directories to those partitions and then mount the new parti tions on the directory where the data was originally located effectively increasing the amount of storage available to an existing system Today s larger disks make it attractive
53. s and the types of filesystems supported by Linux and provides additional reasons why you may want to create multiple partitions on your Linux system Most types of Linux filesystems can be resized once they have been created enabling you to customize your sys tem s partitioning even after the system has been installed and is running Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 23 If you want to create multiple partitions during the installation process you can do this by making sure that the root partition does not completely fill your disk and then creating additional partitions in the remaining space on your disk Common parts of a Linux system that you may want to put on separate data partitions are boot home opt tmp var usr and usr local For more information on these partitions and the types of information stored there see Chapter 3 Selecting Software for Installation The software that is automatically selected as part of a default SUSE installation provides you with nearly every type of software required for day to day work This section offers additional details about the other types of installations provided by the SUSE installer to provide a full and thorough SUSE learning experience To customize the software that is included as part of your SUSE installation you must click the Software heading in YaST s Installation Settings panel or click Change and select Software from the pop up menu Doing either of these displays th
54. se details manually Home users with simple broadband or dial up connections often automatically receive this informa tion from their Internet service providers ISPs and therefore may not need to change these settings To change the configuration of the network card click Network Interfaces and select the network card in question if you have multiple network cards and click the Edit button A screen similar to the one shown in Figure 1 23 appears In this example configuration we set the IP address of the network card to 192 168 0 1 255 255 255 0 with a router gateway of 192 168 0 8 and a DNS server of 192 168 0 254 If you are unfamiliar with these terms at this stage see Chapter 6 for additional information To change the configuration of the network card from automatic to manual select Static address setup This enables you to edit the IP and subnet mask fields As you can see in Figure 1 23 we have set the IP address netmask to that of the configura tion we talked about in the preceding paragraph 31 52 Part SUSE Linux Basics Tip Contigure your IP address Network Address Setup You can select dynamic address assignment if you have a DHCP server running on your local network Also select this if you do not have a static IP address Network Device eth id 00 0c 29 7a d1 19 assigned by the system administrator or your cable or DSL provider Setup Method Network addresses are then C Automa
55. see the kernel and init messages SUSE Linux Press Esc for more information Figure 1 3 Booting SUSE installation Tip Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 So far the system has booted a minimal Linux kernel that is sufficient to run the installation process and execute the SUSE installer and the various utilities that it uses to probe and configure your system SUSE s YaST installer now begins to col lect information that it will use to configure your system to match your personal and hardware requirements The installer uses a very different boot process from that used by a standard SUSE gt Linux system The standard Linux boot up sequence will be discussed in more 4 detail in Chapter 4 Configuring Language Settings When the system has booted you will be asked to configure your language settings see Figure 1 4 SUSE has put a lot of effort into supporting as many languages as possible to accommodate a large audience All language options are shown in their respective dialects and associated fonts When your language has been selected the installer will instantly change the system language and allow you to continue the installation process in that language When you ve selected your language click the Next button or use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl N Preparation Language License Agreement System Analysis TimeZone Desktop Selection Language Installation Installation Summary Perform In
56. stallation Configuration Root Password Network Online Update English UK Users English US Clean Up Espafiol Release Notes Francais Hardware Configuration EMnixa Italiano may HARB te Lietuvi Heip abor Figure 1 4 Selecting the system language 9 10 Part SUSE Linux Basics During the installation routine you can control the screen with your keyboard using accelerators Any option on the screen can be selected by pressing the Control key Ctrl and the accelerator code signified by an underlined character in a button or a GUI element For example in Figure 1 4 pressing Ctrl R will abort the installation while Ctrl N will accept the setting you selected and proceed to the next screen Media Check Before starting the installation process you will be asked whether you want to check the media you are using during installation With any mass produced optical media there is always a possibility that something might be wrong with your disks if there is SUSE will replace them for you The media check see Figure 1 5 is a precautionary measure for you to check that everything is ok before formatting your hard drive and potentially being left with an unusable system until you get your new SUSE disks You can either skip the check by clicking Next or check your media by clicking Start Check We will skip the check as we know our media is good Media Check gt J Media Check Wh
57. t configuration files installed by SUSE and writes out specific application configurations SuSEconfig is a core element of the SUSE system and allows YaST to maintain con figuration files for services it can control Any time you make changes to a service using YaST SuSEconfig will be called to commit those changes Reviewing the Release Notes When SuSEconfig has finished its initial installation you will be shown the SUSE release notes see Figure 1 29 These notes contain general information about changes from previous versions of SUSE Linux as well as a technical overview of the previous version This file also provides errata from the SUSE manual and is worth a read to get a general idea as to what has happened since the last release Ninety percent of users at this point have not touched the included manuals with SUSE except perhaps to move them out of the way when locating the installation media so this at least gives you an introduction to the features and functionality of the product Fans Release Notes Language Lice Syst Time Zone alysis Content of File usr share doc release notes RELEASE NOTES en rtf 46666 Desktop Selection Installation vV Installation Summary V Perform Installation Configuration Root Password Network Online Update Users Clean Up Release Notes eeseees Hardware Configuration Help SUSE Linux 10 0 Release Notes Copyright 2005 Novell
58. that you want to preserve and if the disk or Windows parti tion in that system has sufficient free space to install SUSE Linux YaST will propose a solution based on resizing your existing Windows partition and automatically creat ing appropriate swap and root partitions If at all possible you should accept this default selection If you do not have sufficient free space to install SUSE Linux and YaST cannot auto matically resize your existing operating system partitions your only alternative besides adding another disk to your system is to abort the SUSE install process remove the installation media and reboot into your other operating system You must then free up sufficient disk space and clean up the organization of your oper ating system s partition s using a utility such as Windows Disk Defragmenter If there is sufficient unused space on your Windows partition you should be able to restart the SUSE installation process and let YaST select appropriate partitioning and resizing values for you Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 17 For more on setting up dual boot multiboot systems see Chapter 4 Primary and Extended Partitions In this section we start with a clean disk to create the partitions needed to install SUSE If you want to remove the partitions on an existing installation of an operat ing system select the partition and press the Delete button You will be asked to confirm this and the partition will be remo
59. tic Address Setup via DHCP obtained automatically from Static Address Setup the server IP Address Subnet Mask k es the Clicking Next completes the CE 255 255 255 0 configuration Otherwise network addresses must be assigned manually Detailed Settings Enter the IP address e g Host Name and Name sewver 192 168 100 99 for your computer the network mask Routing usually 255 255 255 0 and optionally the default Advanced gateway IP address Contact your network administrator for more information about the network configuration Po eee Back Abort Figure 1 23 Configuration of network cards Setting Up Your Host Name and DNS Addresses To set up the host name of the Linux machine and the addresses of your Domain Name System servers select the Host name and name server button A screen like that shown in Figure 1 24 appears The host name of your Linux machine can be anything you like such as a person s name a descriptive name or something random The only thing that you have to bear in mind is that the host name and domain name can contain only letters and numbers as well a hyphen or an underscore The host name can be only one string of characters and cannot contain a space or a period As the name suggests the domain name dictates the network domain that this machine falls into This domain may well be something in line with your company s policy or could be somet
60. to create other data partitions You have sev eral reasons to consider creating multiple data partitions on today s disks When you boot a Linux system the system checks the consistency of each of its filesystems as defined in the file etc stab more about this in Chap ter 3 Checking the consistency of a single huge nonjournaled filesystem can take quite a bit of time Filesystem corruption can occur as a result of a number of problems such as a system crash sudden power loss or hardware problems Whenever a filesystem is corrupted repairing it which is mandatory can cause you to lose data Creating multiple partitions reduces the extent to which filesystem corruption can affect a single data partition Keeping data on multiple partitions limits the chance that you can lose data during a subsequent system upgrade Some upgrades reformat the root parti tion or recreate its directory structure If your user data is stored on other data partitions they will not be affected by changes to the root filesystem Some Linux backup software backs up data on a per partition basis Backing up a single huge partition can take quite a bit of time Also if your backups fail such as when a tape is corrupted you may not be able to use the backups to restore your system Creating multiple partitions limits problems related to a backup failure to a single partition Chapter 3 provides more detail about creating multiple partition
61. to provide the specific information given to you by your ISP Asymmetric digital subscriber line ADSL providers sometimes offer a particular hardware device to connect with These are sometimes USB devices Unfortunately there are a large number of different types and not all of them work with Linux There are also different standards in different countries and as a result getting these devices to work on Linux has always been something of a problem If YaST detects such a device during the installation it attempts to set it up but there are still many cases in which USB ADSL devices fail to work with SUSE Linux If at all possible rather than using a USB device for ADSL you should choose one of the ADSL routers with Ethernet output This type of ADSL connection will always Chapter 1 Installing SUSE 10 4 work and if your provider offers the choice you should definitely go for this type of connection If your provider offers a wires only service you can buy sucha router and use it to connect again there should be no problems at all All you need to do is follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer or ISP for setting up your network connection to talk to the router and make the necessary settings in YaST s networking module Adding a New User Just as Windows provides the infrastructure to authenticate users through a cen tral database the Unix world can use the Network Information System NIS or Lightweight Directo
62. ugh FTP is the most common To install SUSE from a network source you must have used the installer s Network Modules screen first to install the drivers for the network card in your computer and the computer on which you are installing SUSE must also be connected to the Internet Although this requires some knowledge about your computer system s hardware it is a great way to get the latest and greatest version of SUSE Linux As noted earlier the DVD packaged with this book provides the most recent version of SUSE Linux Professional Edition available at the time that this book was written To get the latest and greatest version of SUSE Linux and all of its patches you can always install this version and then update it using the YaST Online Update module that is discussed in Chapter 9 how The DVD included with this book provides the SUSE Linux 10 distribution You can install SUSE Linux in the following ways Compact disc The easiest and most common form of installation because almost every modern computer system includes a CD drive This is the stan dard way to perform a fresh installation of SUSE Linux on a computer system DVD A popular form of installation that saves you from having to swap out multiple CDs but the computer system on which you are installing SUSE must contain a DVD drive Because of the amount of storage available on a DVD the SUSE Linux DVD also includes some packages that are not available on the CD insta
63. ved If you select Create you are prompted for the type of partition you want to create see Figure 1 11 In the PC world the BIOS can access only four primary partitions These can be thought of as four physical boundaries on the disk with separate data and filesystems on each With Linux you need at least two partitions and if you have Windows on another partition and a data or home disk on the other you may quickly run out of ways to expand the way your disk is laid out To combat this log ical and extended partitions were designed An extended partition is a placeholder for further logical partitions and it is a good idea to create one extended partition which takes up one of your primary partitions and create logical partitions to accommodate further partitioning schemes in the future Partition your hard disks 4 Expert Partitioner This is intended for experts If you are not familiar with rr 7 ani manne ee the concepts of hard disk Device Size F Type Mount Start End Used By Label partitions and how to use devisda 40GB VMware VMware Virtual S ye ysl them you might want to go back and select automatic partitioning Please note that nothing will be written to your hard disk until you confirm the entire installation in the last installation dialogue Until that point you can safely abort the installation Partition Type Primary Partition Extended Partition Cancel For

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