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Acronis Disk Director Suite 10

1. e Edit edit hard disk data see Chapter 6 Working with Acronis Disk Editor Advanced partition operations are called from the Advanced sidebar list the same partition context menu item or toolbar button RS Note that the additional operations list of the partition context menu or toolbar depends c on the selection of a partition type For example the FAT16 partition menu contains Advanced gt Resize Root this is absent in the FAT32 partition menu The Linux Ext2 Ext3 partition context menu contains Advanced gt Change Bytes per i node which is not found on the FAT menus 2 3 3 Invoking Acronis Disk Director Suite wizards Wizards are invoked from the Wizards submenu and the corresponding sidebar list For example select Wizards gt Create Partition for the partition creation wizard 2 4 Partition Operation Properties 2 4 1 Displaying operation results Results of any disk partition operation are immediately displayed in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window If you create a partition it will be immediately shown in the hard disk partition list in the main window as well as in graphical form on the bottom of the main windows Any partition changes including resizing relocating and labeling are also immediately displayed in the main window 2 4 2 Pending operations All operations are pending until the user issues the command for the changes to be made permanent Until then Acronis Disk Director Sui
2. Please select the partitions you want to recover from the list below The selected partitions will be marked Undeleted Note that in case you have intersected partitions only one of them can be recovered The partitions which intersect the selected partition will be marked Invalid Free Space Partition Status Flags Label Capacity Deleted 996 2 MB 958 9 MB NTFS Search is completed Please press Next to proceed with undeleting A deleted partition selected for recovery This finishes partition recovery preparations To complete this operation select Commit in the Operations section of the Main menu If you exit Acronis Disk Director Suite without confirming a partition recovery operation it will be canceled 72 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Working with Acronis Disk Editor Chapter 6 Working with Acronis Disk Editor 6 1 General information Acronis Disk Editor is a professional grade program that performs a variety of actions on a hard disk restore boot records and files and folder structure find lost clusters remove computer virus code from a disk and much more This program has much to offer a beginner as well It can be used as an educational tool It is one thing to read a few books about hard disk construction and data storage but it s quite another to observe it yourself with the Acronis Disk Editor 6 2 The selection of the partition or a disk for editing Disk or partition data e
3. A 7 Formatting Hard Disks Within each of the partitions information has to be organized in a way understandable to the operating system using that partition This organization is the file system As a rule a formatting program performs the following functions e It creates the boot record e It creates the file allocation table FAT e It identifies and marks bad clusters on the disk so they are not ever used afterwards After formatting logical disks are organized as follows e Logical disks start with the boot sector e One or several copies of the file allocation table FAT are placed after the boot sector e A root folder is created e The data area is created Each logical disk has to be formatted with the FORMAT command separately Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 113 Hard Disk And File Systems AS File Systems The logical structure that has been created on the hard disk is supported by means of the operating system The file system itself presents the information on the disk as an ensemble of files and folders For the user a file is a unit of storage of logically connected information including texts graphics and sound For data storage organization a file is a chain of connected sectors or clusters A cluster is a unit of several sectors Sectors are characteristic for file systems supported by various versions of Windows Operating systems support file systems on hard disks or disk partitions by allowing
4. e Select an OS to protect e Click Set Password in the Operations section of main window sidebar e Enter and confirm a password in the Set Operating System Password dialog and click OK Y t a An operating system password must be at least six characters long You can also set an operating system password by clicking Set Password on the toolbar in the OS section of the main menu or in the context menu invoked by a right click 7 7 Setting operating system properties Acronis OS Selector automatically determines properties of all operating systems installed on a PC If needed you can set them by manually clicking Properties in the Operations section of the main window sidebar boot menu the respective main menu toolbar or context menu items You can set the following properties 7 7 1 General Properties This section allows you to change the name and icon for any operating system listed in the boot menu Edit Operating System Properties Windows AP Professional English View and change the operating system properties 2 Operating System Properties T a General Properties E General Properties ay Book Configuration Partitions View and change the general properties of the operating system Disks 5 Folders Edit the operating system name l Files Windows lt P Professional English Advanced Choose the icon for the operating system ay Change Icon ox sn a te General properti
5. 103 Installing and using several operating systems on a single PC If you chose to update the existing OS the New Operating System Wizard will automatically determine the list of operating systems installed available for update In the list provided select an OS to update by replacing it with a new copy of Windows 2000 XP Mew Operating System Wizard Select Operating System Select operating system configuration to update after the new operating system is installed Acronis 05 Selector detected that only one operating system can be updated Y Windows 98 Type Boot From Floppy When a new OS is configured click Proceed to confirm operations selected New Operating System Wizard Acronis ou are now ready to proceed with new operating system configuration IF you want to review or change any settings press OTe sles mack Configuration settings Operating system to update Windows 98 Type Book Fram Floppy Y Acronis Compute with confidence i Press the Proceed button below to proceed with configuration WWW acronig com settings If Acronis OS Selector can t automatically determine the location of system folders you will have to provide the information manually System folders might be located on 1 Any physical hard disks shown in the list 2 Any media unsupported by BIOS 104 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Installing and using several oper
6. Explore Q Properties F Unallocated Selecting a partition to copy 2 Select Disk gt Copy or a similar item in the Operations sidebar list or click a Copy the selected partition to another free space on the toolbar 3 Acronis Disk Director Suite will automatically compare the size of a copied partition and disk free space as shown in the Copy Partition window Copy Partition Please specify the size and the location For the copy of selected partition Select the unallocated space to copy the selected partition o l Baas i 1 1 Unallocated 36 88 GB ee Free space available for copying Note that the unallocated space is smaller than copied partition size but its data area is smaller than unallocated space Therefore copying is possible Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 39 Manual Partition Operations If there is not enough free space to copy a partition on a hard disk no unallocated space will be available for selection 4 Select the unallocated disk space to copy a selected partition to it 5 In the next wizard page enter partition copy type Logical Primary size and location While copying a partition you might have to change its type For example you have to copy a primary partition but there are already four primary partitions on the disk You will be able to copy it only as a logical partition If you need to restore the primary partition from a copy you will be able
7. NTFS NTFS FATE The copy will be located after the PROGRAM H partition in the figure below 7 613 MB 6 013 GB 1 999 GB 5 39 MB NTFS 2 201 GB NTFS 0 06 aB FAT16 The figure below shows the result of locating a partition copy after clicking after the PROGRAM H partition Copy Partition Wizard Partition Location HH Ti Select the location For the copy of the selected partition You can arrange the partition location using the arrow keys on the keyboard or by clicking on a partition before or after which you want to place the copy Please press Mext to continue Partition Flags Capacity Disk 1 le NTFS Ci Pri Acto 32 26 GB e NTFS De 4 052 GB Ze FAT16 Er 1 976 GB Disk 2 lige System 05 Pri Act 7 613 MB Ss Program H i 6 013 GB Copy of FATIG E Free Space 15 05 46 3104 05 1 976 GB 5 39 MB 2 901 GB You can locate a copy anywhere on your disk s automatically perform all necessary operations even if it has to resize or move other partitions The copy partition wizard will 1 The selected disk might lack space for a copy Nevertheless you can copy a partition by selecting another partition whose space will be partly used This can be done in the Select Partitions window 34 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Automatic Partition Operations Copy Partition Wizard Select Partitions Select your partitions to take the Free space From Please select parti
8. WIN98 C WINXP D DATA E etc WIN98 WINXP and DATA are partition labels See also Appendix C Glossary Label 10 The last wizard page graphically shows you the new disk partition structure including those just created Create Partition Wizard Hard Disk Drive Structure Review your hard disk drive structure Please review the hard disk drive structure The newly created partition is checked off Press Finish to create the new partition Please note that pressing Finish does not actually perform the operation To perform the operation you should commit je E Primary Logical FE o Unallocated Created partition in the disk partition structure Clicking Finish on this page will make Acronis Disk Director Suite create a pending operation for new partition creation your actions may only modify an existing operation See 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations The new partition structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window More details about the Finish command results are provided in 2 4 7 Wizard operations 3 If you want to create a new partition using other partition free space 1 On the Action Selection wizard page set the switch to Free space of the existing partitions 26 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Automatic Partition Operations Create Partition Wizard Create Partition Method Select a partition creation method Please sel
9. Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Beginning The Work Select User Interface Mode Please select the user interface mode Mode Automatic Mode a This mode offers users the easiest automated way For managing partitions Manual Mode P This mode allows users to choose separate operations For advanced management of partitions Note This setting can always be changed later From the main menu 2 2 Acronis Disk Director Suite Main Window The program is controlled through the main window It includes the menu toolbar and disk and partition tree shown hidden through the View menu This represents the computer disk and partition list The main window appearance differs depending on the selected operation mode see 2 1 Acronis Disk Director Suite Logical Organization The difference applies to the available Operation list in the main menu partition context menus sidebar and toolbar and the amount of partition structure details represented ze Acronis Disk Director Suite E Disk View Operations Wizards Tools Help Wizards lt P Create Partition P e i NTFS 3 3 NTFS K 4A Increase Free Space Sp Sp yj Copy Partition gt Recover Partitions Eaa Se Acronis Secure Zone Tools p Bootable Media Builder EJ OS Selector E Show Log JE lt a NTFS C lt a NTFS E Details amp NTFS C e EEN NTFS xp NTFS F y Data_Sample G File System NTFS fm Used Space 5 932 GB i Free Space 8 71
10. Acronis Disk Director Suite features a rather simple wiping algorithm During each pass a symbol sequence or logical zeroes 0x00 or ones OxFF is written to unallocated space sectors Only logical zeroes are written during the last pass The more passes performed the more complete the wiping will be Acronis offers extremely powerful hard disk partition wiping software Acronis Privacy Expert Suite featuring strict algorithms for guaranteed confidential information wiping and destruction 4 Confirm partition deletion by clicking OK in the Delete Partition window Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 51 Manual Partition Operations 5 By clicking ox in the Delete Partition window you ll add the pending operation of partition deletion your actions may only undo an existing operation depending on the situation selected see 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations The new partition structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window Attention Deleting a partition destroys all its data including files and folders Deleting a system partition will make a PC inoperable Take special care when performing this operation A Deleting a partition Windows 98 Me can change the order of letters assigned to other partitions As a result some shortcuts might stop working A detailed discussion of partition letter assignment rules for various operating systems appears in 3 1 Creating
11. 13 00 14 00 18 OO ic 00 1 Selecting the Search item in the same menu will give you access to functions for searching lines in the disk being edited You can do the same by pressing Ctr1 r key combination Search parameters can be set in the Search dialog window 78 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Working with Acronis Disk Editor Search Encoding Western Windows Case sensitive F Search at sector offset aaa The Search dialog window A search line can be set both as char and numeric hexadecimal values During a search you can ignore letter case as well as search for a given line at a given offset inside the sector During a search disk data is interpreted according to the encoding selected If you selected a search mode without letter case matching not only case but also elements above the characters will be ignored After the search process is finished the current position will be moved to where a line was found or will remain the same if no lines were found You can search for the next line from the current position by selecting Find next item in the Search menu or by pressing F3 key You can go to the necessary sector according to its absolute offset by selecting the Go to line the Search menu or by pressing alt p key combination Selecting this line opens the Goto dialog window Go to sector Absolute sector 16 771 925 20 964 024 116771924 Cylinder 1 044 1 304 1044
12. SETTING OPERATING SYSTEM PASSWORDS csccsccsceccecceccecescuccecceccscescscecescescescescscescescescesescescescesens 84 TA SETTING OPERATING SYSTEM PROPER TIES a 85 TS HIDINGIOPERATING SYSTEMS ud dt addict 91 PO SO US aceite E EIE N EIEEEI A AT IE AEA 92 7 10 DELETING OPERATING SYSTEMS FROM OS SELECTOR BOOT MENU cceccscecececcecececsescecececesees 92 7 11 DETECTING OPERA TING SYSTEMS ee ee O 92 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 3 Table of contents 7 12 RENAMING OPERATING SYSTEMS ucan a a a a veld veld a a ose a A on 94 7 13 COPYING OPERATING SYSTEMS a e ae dd ed dls ei e 94 7 14 SETTING ACRONIS OS SELECTOR OPTIONS e eee ee e ee e a le de o 94 CHAPTER 8 INSTALLING AND USING SEVERAL OPERATING SYSTEMS ON PIN Gy Car ead csi ages de aio a id 99 8 1 INTRODUCTION ts lar drena cie ace 99 8 2 INSTALLING SEVERAL WINDOWS COPIES TO A SINGLE PC cccccescececcececscescsceccscecescucesceceecececs 100 8 3 INSTALLING LINUX AND WINDOWS ON THE SAME PC Q ccceccscecccceccccecccsceccscscscecescucescucesccacs 105 CHAPTER 9 BOOTABLE MEDIA BUILDER cecccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccces 107 9 1 GENERALINEORMA TIO Ni e aces eet een tha as sea ah der nidos osas e added 107 92 CREATING BOOTABLE MEDIA daa ae eee ones 107 APPENDIX A HARD DISK AND FILE SYSTEMS cccescccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccces 110 ALL gt HARD DISK ORGANI
13. Setting this partition as active may cause drive letters to change re you sure you want bo set the partition as active Cancel Set Active Partition 3 By clicking OK in the Set Active Partition window you ll add the pending operation of setting active partition your actions may only undo or modify an existing operation See 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations The new partition structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window The partition will be marked Act in the Flags field The primary partition is also marked Pri so the Flags field will contain Pri Act A Before you make a partition active you must make sure it is formatted and contains an operating system Otherwise your PC will not boot from this partition A If you set a partition to active and there was another active partition on a disk it will be unset automatically This also might prevent your PC from booting A Setting an active partition in Windows 98 Me can change the order of letters assigned to other partitions As a result some shortcuts might stop working A detailed discussion of partition letter assignment rules for various operating systems appears in 3 1 Creating A New Partition 4 2 6 Resizing a root Unlike all others the FAT16 root is located in a special place and has a limited size 512 elements after standard formatting Acronis Disk Director Suite lets you change the root size of existing
14. The first disk in the system is numbered O Due to these bootable part location limitations you can avoid problems with Windows only if you follow the installation order according to which older operating systems are to be installed first Windows 95 gt Windows NT 4 0 gt Windows 95 OSR2 gt Windows 98 gt Windows Me gt Windows 2000 gt Windows XP This operating system installation order solves boot problems Otherwise boot files of a newer OS will be damaged by those of an older version of Windows that knows nothing of its subsequent versions Acronis OS Selector breaks this limitation and eliminates the need to worry about Windows installation order 100 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Installing and using several operating systems on a single PC 8 2 2 Installing another Windows on a separate partition e Prepare a free primary partition for the new Windows system You can do this by using unallocated space for partition creation instructions see 3 1 Creating A New Partition and 4 1 1 Creating partitions If there s no unallocated Space you can free it by resizing respective partitions see 4 1 4 Resizing and or moving a partition Acronis Disk Director Suite allows conversion of free logical partitions into a primary for more details see 4 2 2 Converting a file system Still you must remember that there can t be more than four primary partitions in a system e Set the prepared partition ac
15. Total Size 4 88 GB 2 elas se Presents Hi RECYCLER fam System Yolume Information Selecting the target folder 5 By clicking Proceed you ll add a pending operation your actions may only undo or modify already existing operation see 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations The new partition structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 47 Manual Partition Operations 4 1 7 Merging an NTFS partition to a partition with file system not supporting security options for example FAT32 partition will result in loss of security settings partition ownership data and access permissions With the opposite action merging a non secured partition to the secured one the target partition security settings will be assigned to the resulting partition Exploring partitions You can explore and manage partition contents before configuring operations on that partition directly from the Acronis Disk Director Suite If you need to explore a partition 1 2 48 Select a partition to be explored Select Disk gt Explore or a similar item in the Operations sidebar list or click Explore on the toolbar The program displays a folder tree Now you can explore or manage the partition contents You can copy paste rename and delete files and folders and create folders on the selected partition To do so right click on the file folder or use
16. Y 2 Select Disk gt Format or a similar item in the Operations sidebar list or click Format the selected partition on the toolbar 3 Enter the partition label in the Format Partition window Format Partition Formatting the selected partition A Formatting the partition will DESTROY all the data on the partition Partition label BackKUFL File system FAT16 Ww Cluster size Suto 32 KB wt Format Partition window 4 Select a file system to be created on a partition after formatting Acronis Disk Director Suite supports the following file systems see A 9 File System Main Specifications e FAT16 FAT32 NTFS Windows file systems e Linux Ext2 Ext3 ReiserFS Swap Linux file systems 5 Select cluster size Auto 512 bytes 1 2 4 64 KB Note that 1 The smaller the cluster size the less disk space will be lost see A 9 2 FAT16 Table 3 2 The smaller the cluster size the bigger the file allocation table FAT The bigger the FAT the slower the operating system works with the disk 3 If you select Auto you allow Disk Director Suite to automatically determine the cluster size depending on selected file system and partition size 6 By clicking OK in the Format Partition window you ll add the pending operation of partition formatting your actions may only modify an existing operation See 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations Attention Partition formatting destroys all its
17. You can undo user actions one at a time or all at once by selecting Operations gt Undo All Similarly you can redo user actions along with the corresponding graphical representation of partition reconfiguration one by one or all at once by selecting Operations gt Redo All 2 4 7 Wizard operations Pending partition operations created by Acronis Disk Director Suite wizards differ in that a user must provide a list of operation parameters to perform them Each parameter is entered on a separate wizard page Entering operation parameters you change wizard pages using Back and Next buttons until you reach the Preview page with the Finish button On the Preview wizard page you can click Back to return and change any operation parameter Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 17 Beginning The Work After clicking Finish on the last wizard page e The new partition structure is graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window e The wizard creates a list of pending operations you can see it by selecting Operations gt Show Pending Operations Acronis Disk Director Suite is ready to proceed with physical data O processing Here is the list of operations to be completed Operation 1 of 2 Deleting partition Hard disk 1 Drive letter a File system FAT16 Volume label Size 462 5 ME Operation 2 of 2 Creating partition Hard disk Drive letter File system volume label Remember that
18. a partition you get the duplicate of all its data Partition copy can be used e Asa partition backup or rather as a data backup e A system partition backup is advised if you want to upgrade the existing operating system e To quickly move all data from an old disk to a new disk We again recommend our backup solution Acronis True Image It enables you to create a backup image of a partition and or entire hard disk in a compressed archive file while allowing comments and password protection See http www acronis com products trueimage The copy partition wizard will let you create a partition copy on the selected disk space It can be created on unallocated disk space or at the expense of existing partition space inserted between other partitions or resized after comparison with the original It can also change the type or file system and assign a label or a letter if needed If you need to copy a partition 1 Run the wizard by selecting Wizards gt Copy partition or a similar item in the Wizards sidebar list or by clicking Copy a partition on the toolbar 2 On the Select Partition To Copy wizard page select a partition to copy 32 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Copy Partition Wizard Select Partition To Copy Select a partition to copy Automatic Partition Operations Please select a partition you want to copy From the list of available partitions then press Mexb Partition Se NTFS D
19. actions may only undo or modify an existing operation See 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 65 Working with Working with Acronis Recovery Expert Chapter 5 Working with Acronis Recovery Expert Acronis Recovery Expert allows recovery of hard disk partitions accidentally deleted or damaged due to a hardware or software failure It uses a wizard interface You can run Acronis Recovery Expert in the following ways While working with Acronis Disk Director Suite in the Automatic mode e Using Recover Partition item in the wizards section of the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window sidebar e Using the respective main menu item While working in the Manual mode e Using Advanced gt Recover item of the context menu by hovering a mouse pointer over Unallocated space and right clicking Then Acronis Recovery Expert begins reading the partition configuration of your hard disks After the process is finished you may see a warning that there are no unallocated spaces on your hard disks Acronis Recovery Expert Acronis Recovery Expert cannot find any unallocated space s on your hard disk drive s Please press Finish to close Acronis Recovery Expert Y Acronis Compute with confidence www acronis com e Hard disks do not have any unallocated spaces Please note the entire hard disk space can be partly partitioned and or partly unallocated If you delete a disk par
20. associated with this operating system Remove 1 Cyntdetect com _ C bootfont bin Properties CAntbootdd sys Edit 1 Cu boot ini ET Files properties window Properties of system files will provide you with the following options e Automatic deletion of a selected file with Acronis OS Selector under the given OS Check Yes delete when the operating system starts to enable the option This might become necessary when two system files are in conflict causing possible OS bootup problems e During installation Acronis OS Selector automatically determines system files of any Windows versions and makes them Changeable You can change this option manually if needed e For operating systems that use FAT16 FAT 32 file systems Windows 9x DOS the O SYS file must be located in the starting 2 KB of root folder If you set a fragmentation limit for this file in bytes Acronis OS Selector will automatically defragment it when the limit is exceeded 7 7 7 Advanced You cant hide a partition under the Windows 2000 operating system just by setting Hidden options To perform this operation you will need to check the Force hiding partitions box available in this section 90 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Working with Acronis OS Selector Edit Operating System Properties Windows AP Professional English Ed View and change the operating system properties o y Operating System Properties i General Pr
21. data including files and folders Take special care when performing this operation 50 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Manual Partition Operations Remember that each operation described must be executed by selecting Operations gt Commit or clicking sl Commit Pending Operations see 2 4 4 Performing pending operations 4 1 10 Deleting a partition After a partition is deleted its space is added to unallocated disk space It can be used for a new partition or to resize an existing partition If you need to delete a partition 1 Select a hard disk and a partition to be deleted 2 Select Disk gt Delete or a similar item in the Operations sidebar list or click gt Delete the selected partition on the toolbar 3 Select the deletion method in the Delete Partition window you can 1 just delete a hard disk partition without wiping disk sectors set the switch to Delete partition 2 delete a hard disk partition and fully wipe partition sectors set the switch to Delete partition and destroy data Delete Partition Deleting the selected partition and optionally wiping the space it allocated o Delete partition and destroy data Enter the 1 number of over write passes Delete Partition window Having set the switch to Delete partition and destroy data enter a number of passes for wiping Wiping unallocated disk space means multiple writing of special data to hard disk sectors
22. disk or a partition that contains the initial code for the operating system booting The boot sector must end with the OAA55h signature Bootable disk is a disk from which an operating system may be booted A bootable disk must contain a boot sector of an operating system and the necessary system and configuration files The bootable disk term usually refers to diskettes and CD ROMs Bootable partition A partition that can host an operating system At the beginning of such a partition there should be a boot record Cluster Information storage unit in such file systems as FAT and NTFS Every file occupies a certain number of whole clusters so the greater the cluster size the higher the losses due to file size adjustment but the smaller the cluster the more space the cluster distribution tables occupy 124 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Glossary Cylinder A group of all the tracks on all the magnetic platters of a hard disk that can be accessed without moving the magnetic head Access to the data inside one cylinder is much faster than moving the head from one cylinder to another Disc A non magnetic storage media compact disc CD RW or DVD Disk A magnetic storage media floppy disk or hard disk Note Disc and Disk are often used interchangeably Drive A general word that can mean both a device for accessing information on a disk floppy disk drive and a partition that can be accessed from an operating system
23. menu password not set 23 Input Devices ip Click the option below to protect the boot menu with password Set Boot Menu password Administration password not set Click the option below to set the password For using administration options in Acronis 25 Selector Set Administration password ox sn a te Password properties window When the default operating system is booted without invoking the boot menu you might have to enter the boot menu password running Acronis OS Selector under Windows Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 97 Working with Acronis OS Selector 7 14 5 Input devices In this section of Acronis OS Selector options you can provide extended support of input devices mouse etc in Acronis OS Selector boot menu Using the Default parameter the program automatically determines installed input devices If needed you can manually specify an input device to use e Mouse or compatible device touch pad TrackPoint or its notebook analog on PS 2 or USB e Mouse on COM1 e Mouse on COM2 e Do not use mouse Acronis OS Selector Options View and change the Acronis 05 Selector options ali Options a ay General Options SJ Input Devices Startup Options A Display Properties me zA Passwords Input Devices Mouse type a Default O PS 2 or USB compatible View or change the input devices options in Acronis OS Selector C Serial in COM C Serial in COM2 O Mo mouse Descript
24. no actions are performed on your disks when the wizard finishes working If you are sure that the new structure is suitable select Operations gt Commit or click Commit Pending operations Wizard created pending operations will then be performed at this time Before you select Operations gt Commit or click Commit Pending operations you can undo your actions calling a wizard and wizard created pending operations in the usual way selecting Operations gt Undo or pressing ct r1 z or clicking mn Undo Last Action Ss Acronis Disk Director Suite shows the wizard and its results as a user action by creating c the list of operations Any pending actions can be fully undone by any of the mentioned methods i e pressing Undo Last Action will undo a user action and all operations planned by the wizard 2 5 Protecting Acronis Disk Director Suite With A Password You should always be aware of possible unauthorized access to your data To protect your hard disk partition applications and data Acronis Disk Director Suite provides password protection If you need to protect Acronis Disk Director Suite with a password 1 Select Disk gt Set Password 2 Enter a password in the New Password and Confirm New Password fields in the Set Password window 18 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Beginning The Work Set Password Changing the password Cancel 3 Click OK to enable password protection After you run the program y
25. oo 00 Do 00 DO 1208 Non sy 74 stem disk press 61 57 10 oo oo 00 00 oo AF Hop 2 0 00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 Sector 16 771 923 Position 335 View Hex The main window in the view as hex mode 74 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Working with Acronis Disk Editor The current editing position is shown by the cursor that can be either in the left or right part of the window In this section of the guide all examples of Acronis Disk Editor s main window view modes are given for demonstration purposes The main menu of Acronis Disk Editor contains the following items e Disk allows you to browse properties of a disk being edited e Edit allows you to manipulate blocks of selected hard disk partitions also allows you to save contents of a disk sector after editing e View allows you to select a view mode for more convenient presentation of data e Search allows you to search a partition or a hard disk for any line or any sequence of characters and go to a certain disk sector according to its absolute offset e Help allows you to get help concerning the editor window or about the program s developer and version 6 4 Edit Hard Disks The Edit menu of the Acronis Disk Editor main window allows you to access the main operations with blocks of given hard disk sectors You can edit hard disk data directly in the fields of any view mode see the View menu You can manipulate da
26. or a similar item in the Wizards sidebar list or by clicking Increase free space on a partition on the toolbar 2 On the Select Partition To Increase wizard page select a partition that you want to enlarge Increase Free Space Wizard Select Partition To Increase Select a partition bo increase the free space Please select a partition you want to increase the Free space on From the list of available partitions then press Next Partition Flags Capacity Free Space Type Disk 1 e NTFS Ds 4 052 GB 3 279 GB Se FAT16 Es 1 976 GB 1 976 GB Disk 2 ge NTFS Gi 6 013 GB 5 981 GB Se PAT16 CHS 1 999 6 0 Gb Se NTFS I 4 705 GB 4 677 GB Selecting a partition to increase free space 3 On the Select Partitions wizard page select a disk partition whose space will be used to increase the selected partition 30 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Automatic Partition Operations Enlarging a partition at the expense of another partition is described above see 3 1 Creating A New Partition Increase Free Space Wizard Select Partitions Select your partitions to take the Free space From Please select partitions From the list of available partitions to take the free space From then press Next Partition Flags Capacity Free Space Type Disk 2 C Sents G 6 013GB 5 981 GE SFAT H 1 999 GB 0 GB 7 013 MB Selecting a partition to use to increase free space 4 On the next wizard page you wil
27. partition In such cases Linux stops booting so one has to have a Linux bootable diskette ready for loader reactivation 8 3 3 Preparing partitions for Linux installation Before you start installing Linux you have to prepare partitions for it Different Linux distributions may require a different partition structure so you will have to follow installation instructions of your specific distribution Acronis Disk Director Suite provides the easiest mechanism for preparing partitions for further use containing everything necessary for Linux file systems and partitions see 3 1 Creating A New Partition and 4 1 1 Creating partitions If there s no unallocated space you can free it by resizing respective partitions see 4 1 4 Resizing and or moving a partition Experienced Linux users can create partitions manually by means of their specific OS installers Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 105 Installing and using several operating systems on a single PC 8 3 4 Installing Linux Having created partitions you can start Linux installation from a bootable CD with Linux distribution or diskettes created from images usually located on the first installation CD As Linux is installed only into partitions prepared for it there s no need to create any special properties for the new OS to hide or change status of any partitions After selecting the loader location you will have to remember that once placed into the MBR
28. partitions If you need to resize a FAT16 partition root 1 Select a disk and FAT16 partition from the list in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window Z Select Disk gt Advanced gt Resize Root or a similar item in the Advanced sidebar list or click 1 Change the number of files that can be located in the root of the selected partition on the toolbar or select it from partition or the graphical representation context menu If you select a partition with another file system mentioned sidebar and context menu items will not be available Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 61 Manual Partition Operations 3 Enter the new root size a number of elements in the Resize Root window Resize Root Changing the number of Files that can be located in the rook of the selected partition a Current root size 1 504 Mew rook size 0 7 Resize FAT16 root window FAT16 can contain a maximum of 65 520 elements 4 By clicking ok you ll add the pending operation of FAT16 partition root resizing your actions may only undo or modify an existing operation See 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations 4 2 7 Changing cluster size Smaller clusters see Appendix C Glossary Cluster might significantly reduce disk Space losses because any file occupies at least one cluster block Disk space losses depending on cluster size are shown in Appendix A see A 9 2 FAT16 Table 3 However reducin
29. 000 XP does not let users assign random letters to partitions so you must move a partition to assign it the necessary letter e Work with some older OS MS DOS Windows NT 4 0 that can boot only from binary partitions located in the beginning of the disk e Speed up partition operations For example you might have a special partition for a swap file If you move this partition closer to the beginning of a disk OS might work much faster with it ji i ry e iH lil iil e Change partition configuration If you need to move a partition to unallocated disk space 1 Select the hard disk and partition to move 72 Acronis Disk Director Suite 4 Disk View Operations Wizards Tools Help 19 A EEE MOTO TE ESE E OJE S Partition Flags Capacity Free Space Type Disk 1 Wizards sf Create Partition 4A Increase Free Space Y Copy Partition Recover Partitions ANTES 1 Pri Act 7 002 GB 1 838 GB NTFS 2 Unallocated 38 88 GB Unallocated 32 Acronis Secure Zone 30 44 GB 25 15 GB FAT32 Disk 2 Operations ANTES C Pri Act 14 65G6B 8 679 GB NTFS SS Copy S NTFS E 33 99 GB 13 GB NTFS 3 Move NTFS F 9 958GB 9 906 GB NTFS Resize 9 Data_Sample G 4 88GB 4 798 GB NTFS Q Change Label S NTFS H 4 88GB 788 1 MB NTFS PA Format 8 None 1 7 974 GB FS None Partition 0x6 FAT16 Xx Delete y Split Merge WZ Check BM Defragment Explore 3 Properties J Unallocated ACRONIS SZ Adva
30. 5 GB xp NTFS H Sp None 1 Total Size 14 65 GB Acronis Disk Director Suite main window Automatic Mode In the manual partition operations mode the main window also includes all unallocated disk space while only partitions are shown in the automatic mode Partition creation free Space and copy wizards automatically recognize unallocated disk space in this mode Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 13 Beginning The Work 72 Acronis Disk Director Suite E Disk View Operations Wizards Tools Help IBAI IIA IRALA Partition Flags Capacity Free Space Type Wizards Disk 1 sf Create Partition s Increase Free Space yj Copy Partition gt Recover Partitions 5 NTES 3 Pri Act 7 002 GB 1 838 GB NTFS S NTFS K 38 88 GB 38 38 GB NTFS S Acronis Secure Zone 30 44 GB 25 15 GB FAT32 Disk 2 Operations ENTES C PriAct 14 65GB 8 715 GB NTFS x copy S NTFS E 33 99GB 13 03 GB NTFS BD Move NTFS F 9 958GB 9 906 GB NTFS Resize 9 Data_Sample G 4 88GB 4 798GB NTFS amp change Label S NTFS H 4 88GB 788 1 MB NTFS Format 29 None 1 7 974 GB FS None Partition 0x6 FAT16 XK Delete y Split YE Merge Y Check Q Defragment Y Explore 3 Properties ACRONIS SZ 30 44 GB FAT32 Acronis Disk Director Suite main window Manual Mode 2 2 1 Disk and partition information The main window shows the partition s disk number assigned letter label type status size free spac
31. 6 144 5 ME 611 9 MB 4 052 GB 52 204 6 ME fod MB 4 052 GB Current cluster size 4 KB Mew cluster size Current partition size 4 052 GB Mew partition size 4 052 66 KJ cancel Cluster size window 4 By entering a new cluster size and clicking OK in the Cluster Size window you ll add the pending operation of cluster resizing your actions may only undo or modify an existing operation See 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations 4 2 8 Changing partition type Each partition record includes the partition type field It is a hexadecimal value that defines the file and operating system suitable for a partition This hexadecimal value is optional as some operating systems use it and some do not In particular Windows 98 Me only uses the partition type field when determining if it can Support a partition Usually partition type is set during its creation depending on the file system to be used However you might need to select the type manually For example if a partition is created without a file system or if a partition is meant for use with a specific OS it must be assigned a corresponding type If you need to change partition type 1 Select a disk and partition from the list in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window 2 Select Disk gt Advanced gt Change type or a similar item in the Advanced sidebar list or click Change the type of the selected partition on the toolbar or select it from
32. A New Partition 4 1 11 Checking hard disk partitions for errors Acronis Disk Director Suite enables you to check hard disk partitions for file system errors Hard disk partitions should be checked before any partition operations see 1 6 Before You Run If you need to check a hard disk partition 1 Select a hard disk and partition in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window 2 Select Disk gt Check or a similar item in the Operations sidebar list or click gt Check the selected partition for errors on the toolbar 3 If you want to find and fix errors chose one of the next options e Check partitions for errors e Check and fix found errors e Check and fix errors and locate bad sectors 4 By clicking ok you ll run partition checking 5 Results are shown in the Check Partition window 52 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Manual Partition Operations Check Partition The type of the File system is FAT Volume Serial Number is 7916 6415 Windows is verifying Files and Folders File and folder verification is complete Windows has checked the file system and found no problems 2121 793 536 bytes total disk space 98 304 bytes in 3 hidden Files 2121 695 232 bytes available on disk 32 766 bytes in each allocation unit 64 752 total allocation units on disk 64 749 allocation units available on disk Partition check results window 4 1 12 Defragmenting a partition Defragmentation is reorgan
33. Acronis Disk Director Suite 10 0 User s guide 4 Acronis Compute with confidence Www acronis com Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 All rights reserved Windows and MS DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation All other trademarks and copyrights referred to are the property of their respective owners Distribution of substantively modified versions of this document is prohibited without the explicit permission of the copyright holder Distribution of the work or derivative work in any standard paper book form for commercial purposes is prohibited unless prior permission is obtained from the copyright holder DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED AS IS AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON INFRINGEMENT ARE DISCLAIMED EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID 2 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Table of contents Table of Contents INTRODUCTION sacs osrewsen cas ducconcscuescdcesecsenasecsacccecuusseoacuosscewececeeosecensonduesencseueioeessuereossencsues 5 CHAPTER 1 INSTALLATION AND USE sii oe 8 ET SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS es dos eo a e 8 2 SUPPORTED OPERATING SYSTEMS da dd ltd 8 LS INSTALLATION PROCESS tos Deo dal a del nd e DA 8 14 UPGRADING ACRONIS DISK DIRECTOR SUITE rabia 9 ES REMOVING SORT WARE a da do tada e a RS 9 LO USERINTEREACE a
34. Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Manual Partition Operations Move Partition Please specify the size and the location For the selected partition Move as Logical Partitio Size and Position Minimum size 62 5 ME Maximum size 36 68 GB Unallocated space before 10 bytes z Partition size 4 88 GB Unallocated space after 34 GB E Entering moved partition parameters The size and location of a partition copy can be provided with a mouse click or by entering data into the Unallocated space before Partition size and Unallocated space after fields 6 By clicking OK in the Move partition window you ll add a pending operation to partition moving your actions may only undo or modify already existing operation see 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations The new partition structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window A Moving a partition to unallocated disk space in Windows 98 Me can change the order of letters assigned to other partitions As a result some shortcuts might stop working A detailed discussion of partition letter assignment rules for various operating systems appears in 3 1 Creating A New Partition A Take special care when moving an operating system partition and its boot code location The OS might stop booting For example Windows NT 4 0 and earlier versions limit boot code location to the first 2016 MB 4 1 4 Resizing and or moving a partition You may f
35. Head 0 254 Sector 1 63 Go to sector The transition is performed by entering absolute sector offset or cylinder head and sector numbers The listed parameters are bound by this expression CYL x HDS HD x SPT SEC 1 Where CYL HD and SEC are numbers of cylinder head and sector in the CHS coordinates Cylinder Head Sector HDS is the number of heads per disk and SPT is the number of heads per track You can return to a sector from another one by selecting the Back item in the Search menu or by pressing ctrl Backspace key combination Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 79 80 Working with Acronis Disk Editor 6 8 Working with Different Encodings The main window of the program features a list of encodings available in Acronis Disk Editor This list is shown closed and dropped down below Western windows wt Turkish Windows eal Unicode UTF 7 Unicode UTF 8 Unicode UTF 16 US bos Western DOS Western 1S Western Windows m l T E rt The closed and dropped down list of encodings The list of encodings is intended for correct interpretation of hard disk sector contents Selecting the necessary encoding you will be able to view sector contents correctly This is interpreted in the right part of the program s main window in the hex mode Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Working with Acronis OS Selector Chapter 7 Working with Acronis OS Selector 7 1 Ge
36. Inc 2000 2009 Installing and using several operating systems on a single PC New Operating System Wizard Acronis OS Selector Y Acronis Compute with confidence WWW acronis com Acronis 05 Selector detected you are about to install a new operating system This wizard will help you choose correct configuration to boot this operating system Please press the Next button to continue New Operating System Wizard Having installed Windows 2000 or Windows XP you can either save or replace already existing Windows versions If you need to e Update an existing Windows version with a new copy of Windows 2000 XP select Yes update existing operating system n this case the New Operating System Wizard will automatically determine Windows versions available for update e Leave your existing Windows copies as is select No add new operating system In this case a new copy of Windows 2000 XP will be added to the list of available OSes in the Boot menu New Operating System Wizard Update Or Add New Operating System Update or add a new operating system to Acronis OS Selector You can Update one of the existing operating system configurations or add a completely new one Please click one of the options below o Mo add new operating system Description Update existing operating system configuration properties to reflect changes after operating system is upgraded Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009
37. Se FATI6 ES Disk 2 Se NTFS Gr Se FAT16 H Capacity 4 052 GB 1 976 GB 6 013 Gb 1 999 Gb Free Space 3 2 9 GB 1 976 GB 2701 Gb O GE 4 677 GE Type Se NTFS 1 4 703 GB Selecting a partition to copy 3 On the next Partition Location wizard page a record of copied partition parameters will be created Copy Partition Wizard Partition Location Select the location For the copy of the selected partition You can arrange the partition location using the arrow keys on the keyboard or by clicking on a partition before or after which you want to place the copy Please press Mext to continue Partition Flags Capacity Disk 1 Free Space Type che NTFS Ci Fri ct 32 2666 15 85 GB NTFS Se NTFS 2 4 052 GB 3 54 GB NTFS Se FATI6 Es 1 976 GB 1 976 GB PATIO Disk 2 Copy of F4T16 Es 1 976 GB 1 976 GB Se NTFS 6 6 01366 5 981 GB Se FATI6 Hs 1 999 GE 0 0668 The page for selecting a disk location for partition copy You will have to select a copy location on one of the disks among existing partitions To make your selection click before or after a partition to mark where you want to locate the copy In this example the copy will be located before the PROGRAM H partition in the figure below Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 33 Automatic Partition Operations eh System G De Pri Ack 7 813 MB Ss Program Hi 6 013 GB el Datal 1 1 999 GB
38. Selector boot menu invoked at bootup before the operating system is booted The boot menu has the same interface and structure as the main window Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 81 Working with Acronis OS Selector E Acronis OS Selector 7 oS Edit View Tools Help ARO A f i J J Operations Operating Systems 9 Boot A Set Default Ga Set Password Y Properties Le Acronis Secure Zone Windows XP Professional me English tide A Create Shortcut Windows XP Professional x Delete English 2 mi Rename ig Copy Boot from floppy A Tools j Options rons Acronis Loader Details Acronis Loader Type Boot from CD Acronis OS Selector Main Window The key part of the main window Operating systems contains a list of operating systems available for loading on this PC Acronis OS Selector automatically determines all operating systems installed and lists them in the boot menu at PC bootup and in the Acronis OS Selector main window under Windows If you insert a bootable CD DVD it will be detected and displayed in the boot menu main window as well The CD DVD can contain an operating system or any bootable program in all cases you will see a new icon in the operating systems area The left part of the window the sidebar contains the following sections also available in the main menu and customizable toolbar Operations This section includes actions available for selected operating systems
39. System wizard page Create Partition Wizard Partition Type Choose the created partition type Please select the created partition type P Active P Primary Losical Description Creating a logical partition is recommended if you are not going to install an operating system on this partition This partition type is recommended For data Files Partition type selection window A hard disk can contain up to four primary partitions If they already exist Active and Primary options will be disabled and you will be able to select only the Logical partition type 7 On the next File System wizard page select a file system The wizard will offer you one of the Windows file systems FAT16 FAT32 or NTFS or Linux file systems EXT2 EXT3 ReiserFS Swap or to leave the partition Unformatted More details about the properties of main file systems the operating systems and disks are provided in the A 9 File System Main Specifications appendix Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 23 Automatic Partition Operations Create Partition Wizard File System Please select the partition File system Please select the created partition type NTFS ka Description Windows WT Windows 2000 and Windows xP native File system Choose it if you are using these operating systems Moke that Windows 95 and DOS cannot access NTFS partitions Cancel Partition file system selection window Selecti
40. Total Size 38 88 GB M Primary E Logical E Unallocated Selecting unallocated disk space 2 Select Disk gt Create partition or a similar item in the Operations sidebar list or click gt Create partition on the toolbar Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 37 Manual Partition Operations 3 In the Create Partition window enter a partition label and select a file system and partition type Primary Logical from the list you can also enter partition size and location using a mouse or by direct input to Partition size Unallocated space before and Unallocated space after fields As a rule Primary is selected if a partition is to contain an operating system If a partition is meant for data storage Logical should be selected Create Partition Please specify the size and the location For the new partition Partition label Backup File system NTFS Create as Logical Partition e Size and Position K 36 58 GB NTFS Minimum size 7 644 ME Maximum size 38 56 GB Unallocated space before 0 bytes Partition size 30 00 Gb Unallocated space after 0 bytes Created partition parameters window 4 By clicking OK you ll add the pending operation of new partition creation The new partition structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window Creating a partition in unallocated disk space in Windows 98 Me can change the order of letters assigned to othe
41. ZATION das 110 Arz HARD DISK PARTITION se alsa ate eel tect la ca cet beatin o 111 ALS PARTITION LYPES sa r as 111 AA ERIMAR ERARIO Ser alle es 112 AD JIE XTENDED PARTION Sarlo da o een 113 PRO MOGI ATA AR TIOS e e alah eaten Eon ca el 113 Asi EORMATTINO HARO DISKS a e de e 113 AA SA A A A aeessan Sececungateoes 114 A 9 FIE SYSTEM MAIN SPECIFICATIONS sccsceccsceccececcscesceccececcecscscscscscsescesescusescecescscescscesescesesces 114 APPENDIX B PARTICULARITIES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS cecccccccccccccccces 118 B 1 DOS TYPE OPERATING SYSTEMS cccoccscsscscoscsccccecencecencecercscetsscncescnccsceceececeececetsecetsscersecesescces 118 B 2 WINDOWS OVOS ME e dee o td eens Ges 120 Boot WINDOWS N 17 ZOD OPP a a ana eon ween ele ses detal 121 B A ctsauvenncsecsranebsnacntivancnasmadeataneaceran a O saacadausncvacmeseseeutuneonauel 123 Boo OTHER CPERA TING 9 V9 TEMS dic caba 123 APPENDIX C GLOSSARi a ias 124 4 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Introduction Introduction What is Acronis Disk Director Suite Acronis Disk Director Suite is a complex program that includes partition and boot managers and hard disk data editing tools With it you can Create hard disk partitions Resize move split and merge partitions without data loss or destruction Convert partitions to other file systems without data loss Copy move partition contents Delete partitions Recover hard
42. an be either primary or logical depending on its position in the partition structure One of the primary partitions of a hard disk may be active A partition has the following attributes type beginning and size Some partition management software and boot managers allow for the hiding of partitions Information about partitions is stored in the partition table Partitioning The process of creating the logical structure on a hard disk Partitioning Is usually done with programs such as FDISK a component of DOS and Windows Disk Administrator completely replaces FDISK where functionality is concerned and allows performance of many additional useful operations Partition structure All the partitions on a hard disk make a tree with the root in the MBR partition table Many operating systems and programs assume that any partition table but 126 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Glossary MBR can contain not more than one partition entry and one table entry This simplifies the partition structure greatly all the logical partitions form one chain Partition table It is the table that contains the information about partitions and links to other partition tables A partition table cannot have more than four entries The main partition table is located in the hard disk MBR and the other partition tables are called extended Partition tables are usually stored in the first sector of a cylinder Physical disk A disk that is physically a s
43. and operating systems to locate files on partitions Connecting an additional disk as well as creating or deleting a partition on existing disks might change your system configuration As a result some applications might stop working or user files might not be opened To prevent this you can change letters assigned by an operating system If you need to change a letter assigned to a partition by an operating system 1 Select the hard disk and partition on tt 2 Select Disk gt Advanced gt Change Letter or a similar item in the Advanced sidebar list or click ED Change the logical drive letter on the toolbar 3 Select a new letter in the Change letter window 56 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Manual Partition Operations Change Letter Changing the logical drive letter Current drive letter New drive letter TITO ETT Change letter window 4 By clicking ok in the Change letter window you ll add a pending operation to partition letter assignment your actions may only undo or modify already existing operation see 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations The new partition structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window Only Windows NT 2000 XP lets you change letters assigned to partitions Windows 98 Me assigns letters to partitions automatically A Directly changing a partition letter might affect shortcuts to existing partitions Changing a
44. any name to operating systems or their shortcuts That can be done by clicking Rename on the sidebar toolbar main menu or context menu 7 13 Copying operating systems Acronis OS Selector allows you to duplicate any installed operating system or its shortcut It might be useful if you want to test unknown software before having it on main OS Copying an OS implies duplicating all its system files and folders and configuration files as well as all programs installed into a separate folder located inside the hidden system BOOTWI Z folder see 1 2 2 Acronis OS Selector installation Copying can take a long time so you will be prompted to confirm that you want to perform the task To copy an operating system you need to e Select an operating system in the boot menu or program main window e Click Copy in the Edit sidebar section or select a respective item in the main menu or context menu After this you will see a copy of this OS in the Operating systems window with a number automatically appended to its name depending on the number of copies already made If needed you can rename a copy by clicking Rename in the Edit sidebar section or selecting a respective item in the main menu or context menu 7 14 Setting Acronis OS Selector options You can set Acronis OS Selector options by clicking Options in the Tools sidebar section or selecting a respective item on the Toolbar or main menu 7 14 1 General options Acronis OS Selec
45. articularities of Operating Systems B 2 3 System Folders Main Windows parts reside in the following folders e System its name can be assigned during installation default name is Windows e Applications in English and most Eastern Windows versions its name is Program Files in other Western Windows versions this folder has other names e Backup available in Windows Me and is called Restore Acronis Disk Director Suite now supports multiple operating systems with folders with Same names on the same partition These folders are called system folders A system folder is transferred to its proper location to the root folder only when this operating system is booted other times it resides in the OS Selector system folder The above mentioned folders are added to the system folders list automatically when an operating system is detected You can always manually edit this list by running Setup from Boot Menu and editing the properties of the selected operating system For example sometimes it is useful to add the Recycle folder B 3 Windows NT 2000 XP B 3 1 Supported Versions Acronis Disk Director Suite supports Windows NT versions 3 51 4 0 Windows 2000 and Windows XP it can detect the most common language versions B 3 2 Booting Peculiarities Operating systems based on Windows NT consist of two main parts the boot part and the main part These parts can reside on different partitions The boot part consist
46. artition Operations Clear Hard Drive Clearing the selected hard disk drive and optionally wiping its contents A Deleted partitions can not be restored o Delete partitions and destroy data Enter the Sa 1 number of overwriting passes Hard disk clearing parameters window 4 By clicking Ok you ll add a pending operation of hard disk clearing Deleting hard disk partitions does not destroy disk sector contents They can be restored by special means if needed Therefore if you need to destroy confidential information set the switch to Delete partitions and destroy data For information about the Acronis Disk Director Suite data wiping algorithm see the commentary for 4 1 10 Deleting a partition A Deleting a partition in Windows 98 Me can change the order of letters assigned to other partitions As a result some shortcuts might stop working A detailed discussion of partition letter assignment rules for various operating systems appears in 3 1 Creating A New Partition 4 2 Additional Partition Operations Additional hard disk partition operations include some rarely used but useful operations for converting partition file systems hiding and unhiding partitions setting active partitions changing root size and changing partition cluster size 4 2 1 Changing partition letter Some operating systems assign letters C D to hard disk partitions at startup They are used by applications
47. assigned to other partitions As a result some shortcuts might stop working For a detailed discussion of partition letter assignment rules for various operating systems see 3 1 Creating A New Partition Clicking Finish on the last wizard page will allow Acronis Disk Director Suite to create the pending operation list for copying a partition your actions may only modify an existing operation See 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations The new partition structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window 36 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Manual Partition Operations Chapter 4 Manual Partition Operations Unlike the Automatic partition operations mode see 2 1 the Manual partition operations mode is intended for experienced users only and offers much wider operation lists Manual operation parameters are entered in the dialog boxes To switch to the Manual partition operations mode select View gt Manual mode 4 1 Main Partition Operations Main hard disk partition operations include the typical most frequently used operations of partition creation selecting a type file system formatting etc assigning label and letter partition resizing relocating clearing deletion etc 4 1 1 Creating partitions If there is unallocated space on a disk you can create a partition using manual disk Operations Note that the Create partition wizard mentioned above can c
48. at may be different from the system one For example for Windows 95 98 Me the 10 SYS system file resides on the system partition while other system files are located in the system folder which is usually called WINDOWS The Program Files folder can also be treated as system since it resides on the same partition as WINDOWS and also contains files that are relevant to the operating system Status A flag that shows if a partition is active This flag is stored in the partition table and has no meaning for logical partitions Track Disks are divided into concentric circles called tracks Information from one track can be accessed without moving the head User interface is a set of principles concepts and means by which programs interact with the user For example in window interface all input and output is done in windows and the mouse is utilized quite often Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 127
49. ate letters may be assigned to CD ROMs DVDs or other disk drives and to network drives Logical disk is a partition whose file system is recognized by the operating system Usually each logical disk is assigned with a letter that uniquely identifies it Logical partition Partition information that is located not in MBR but in the extended partition table The number of logical partitions on a disk is unlimited Master boot record MBR is located in the first sector of the first hard disk and stores information about the hard disk partitioning and code that is loaded with BIOS All the actions that follow depend on the contents of this code Operating system is a set of programs that usually includes kernel drivers shell and system programs that are used for centralized hardware management and hiding the details of hardware management from the user and applications Operating system booting is initiated by loading its boot sector to memory at 0 7C00h address and passing control to it Since every operating system has its own boot sector it is able to perform all the necessary actions to load and initialize system and configuration files A boot manager usually supports multiple operating systems on one computer and even One partition so it has to perform some preparatory actions create the boot context before booting an operating system Partition An independent area on a hard disk where a file system can be located A partition c
50. ating bootable media see Chapter 9 Bootable Media Builder You might not need this tool if you purchased a boxed product that contains a bootable CD 8 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Installation and Use If you have another Acronis product with its own Bootable Media Builder such as Acronis c True Image installed on your computer the installation program will automatically detect it and will not install another Bootable Media Builder regardless of your setting You can create bootable media for all Acronis products using either product 4 After installation reboot your PC 1 3 2 Acronis OS Selector installation To install Acronis OS Selector you should first install Acronis Disk Director Suite Then select Start gt Programs gt Acronis gt Acronis DiskDirector gt Install Acronis OS Selector and follow the setup program instructions If you already have Acronis OS Selector installed on your computer it will be updated by the new version During the installation of Acronis OS Selector the hidden system folder BOOTWIZ will be created on your PC to keep the program loader Acronis OS Selector will also copy OS system files found on your PC into this folder to avoid problems during bootup and to simplify adding new OS in the future Acronis OS Selector can be installed in the Typical or Custom variants During Typical installation the BOOTWIZ folder will be created in the system hard disk partition that con
51. ating systems on a single PC 8 3 Installing Linux and Windows on the same PC 8 3 1 General information The Linux operating system is a modern reliable and high performance platform for both business and home users Since its popularity is growing many Windows users are choosing to sample Linux however not all of them are willing to change operating systems completely or have a second PC on which to install Linux The preferred option is to run Windows and Linux on a single PC 8 3 2 Linux peculiarities From the perspective of bootup Linux like Windows has two parts 1 a loader that loads the Linux core into memory and passes it the controls 2 an OS main part The most popular Linux loaders are Lilo and Grub The Linux main part is usually installed to an Ext2 Ext3 or ReiserFS file system partition that can either be primary or logical and can be located on any hard disk This operating system needs another partition for its virtual memory Linux Swap The Linux core is located in a file which must be loaded into memory Instead of supporting multiple file systems Lilo developers went a simpler more universal route a loader just keeps the core file location in its data structure created by the special activator program lilo As this program runs under Linux it can locate any file on a disk by means of the operating system A disadvantage of such a mechanism shows up when moving or reducing the size of a Linux bootable
52. atting creates disk sectors partitions must be created on the disk A partition is an area on a hard disk that can be used to install an operating system and or used as data storage Creating separate sections on a disk is called partitioning Think of slicing a pie into different pieces Disk partitions are analogous to separate physical disk drives and do not depend on each other In fact each partition can contain its own operating system Different operating systems use different data storage means file systems The process of creating a partition file system is called formatting Each partition can have its own file system Preparing a disk for use includes two stages partitioning and formatting Partitioning is useful and often necessary because e Different partitions can have different operating systems for example Windows 2000 XP and Linux e Partitioning provides more effective disk space usage e Partitioning enables you to separate system files from user data making personal information storage safer e Partitioning provides more effective hard disk maintenance In particular more effective data integrity control file defragmentation and data backup A 3 Partition Types There are three main partition types e Primary e Extended e Logical Primary and logical partitions are the main partition types Physical hard disks can contain up to four primary partitions or up to three primary and infinite logi
53. cal partitions Partition information is stored in a special disk area the 1st sector of 0 cylinder 0 head called the partition table This sector is called the master boot record or MBR The number of primary partitions on a disk Is limited because the partition table contains four records itself Extended partitioning supports additional division into logical partitions The amount of logical partitions is unlimited Special programs perform partitioning usually they can Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 111 Hard Disk And File Systems e Create a primary partition with a single logical disk e Create an extended partition and divide it into logical partitions disks e Set the active partition a partition to boot an operating system from Typical hard disk partition structure can look like Primary partition 1 1 System logical disk C Extended partition 1 2 Logical partition 1 5 Logical disk D Logical disk E Logical disk F Usually initial partitioning is made by means of an operating system Different operating systems offer special programs for this After the installation of Windows XP you can invoke the Control Panel whose disk management tools will let you delete and create partitions primary extended logical using free unallocated disk space or format a partition You cannot however change partition structure by means of the Windows operating system To do this you will need softwa
54. ccsccccsccccccccccccccccccccccsceccccccccecs 37 4 1 MAIN PARTITION OPERATION St aia 37 42 ADDITIONAL PARTITION OPERATIONS e lr ad ee 56 CHAPTER 5 WORKING WITH ACRONIS RECOVERY EXPERT cccescccsscscccccecces 66 IE AUTOMATIC RECOVERY aio art etic ette diia e es e ee io a melisa eee a es 67 32 MANTAL RECOVERY lar dodo atid 70 CHAPTER 6 WORKING WITH ACRONIS DISK EDITOR cccccccccsscccccccccccceccccccccecs 73 6 1 GENERAL INFORMATION Asnicar are o e ae tine go e eee e cs cel eo e no el pe a 73 6 2 THE SELECTION OF THE PARTITION OR A DISK FOR EDITING 0 ceccecceccscceccscescecceccecescscecescescescesens 73 0 35 MAN WINDOW OF THE PROGRAM e ese a Nest ee tae 74 A EN E AA A cee US CORRECT gee O r EES TOE 75 6 5 WRITE BLOCK TO A FILE AND READ FROM A FILE ccceccecceccccsceccecceccecescescesceccecescescesessescescesens 76 Ce A A E A a A IS O A O 77 Ord SEARCH e EA o e e e a os e de 78 6 8 WORKING WITH DIFFERENT ENCODINGS ccccscesceccecceccecceceececceccecescescescecescescescscescescescesescescescesens 80 CHAPTER 7 WORKING WITH ACRONIS OS SELECTOR cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccees 81 7 1 GENERALINFORMA TON Sci 81 R2 STARTING TUE WORK 0 ea eee aca a ac 81 7 3 SE GING THEA OO MN a dd 83 7 4 BOOTING OPERATING SYSTEMS aiii la 83 7 5 SETTING AN OPERATING SYSTEM AS THE DEFAULT csccsceccececceccececcscecccscesesceccscusescecescecescscsesees 84 7 6
55. cept for the system To hide a partition select it and enable the Hidden option for it This is not applicable to Windows 2000 partitions You can perform this operation under that operating system using the Advanced section 86 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Working with Acronis OS Selector Edit Operating System Properties Windows AP Professional English View and change the operating system properties a Operating System Properties i General Properties FI Partitions sy Book Configuration Partitions e Disks ma Folders To set the partition active or hidden in the operating system W Files environment click Active or Hidden options below Change the properties of the hard disk partitions in the operating system advanced Partition File System Size S Local Disk C NTFS 14 656 e Local Disk Es NTFS 33 99 G L ocal Disk Fs NTFS 9 9586 e Data Sample G NTFS 4 58 GB 7 Local Disk H NTFS 4 58 GB e Local Disk 1 4 None 7 9746 Local Disk Ds NTFS Local Disk J J ssa Partitions properties window 7 7 4 Disks Generally Windows can boot from HDD only if its boot files reside on the first according to BIOS hard disk see details in 8 2 1 General information If you connect a live system HDD taken from another computer where it was the first disk to your computer where it becomes the second 3 etc disk boot from that HDD will be impossible even if the ha
56. city hard disk If you need to convert a FAT16 partition to FAT32 1 Select the disk and FAT16 partition to convert to FAT32 from the list in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window 2 Select Disk gt Advanced gt Convert or a similar item in the Advanced sidebar list or click Convert the file system on the selected partition on the toolbar or select it from partition or the graphical representation context menu 3 Enter partition type Logical Primary in the Convert Partition window Convert Partition x Converting the File system of the selected partition Y File system Primary Logical Logical Partitio Convert partition window 4 By clicking OK you ll add a pending operation of FAT16 partition conversion to FAT 32 partition your actions may only undo or modify an existing operation See 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations The new partition file system will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window A Attention Converting a FAT16 partition to FAT32 might cause the installed operating system to stop understanding the file system and or the allocation table For more information about compatibility of file and operating systems see A 9 File System Main Specifications 4 2 3 Hiding a partition Acronis Disk Director Suite allows you to hide a partition It can be useful for protecting important information from unauthorized or casual access Unli
57. code Still if this program doesn t do the thing correctly you can reactivate Acronis OS Selector manually RS It s impossible to perform automatic MBR recovery under Windows Millennium Edition as this OS has a feature limited version of MS DOS 8 0 that can t run programs from AUTOEXEC BAT 8 2 Installing several Windows copies to a single PC 8 2 1 General information Any Windows operating system consists of two parts bootable and main Windows 95 98 Me has the MS DOS 7 0 7 1 8 0 operating system respectively as bootable while Windows NT 2000 XP has NTLDR OS core loader that is also a simple boot manager that requires BOOT INI configuration file NTDETECT COM initial hardware detector for more details see Appendix B Particularities of Operating System The main part of Windows OS is located in Windows or WINNT Program Files Documents and settings system folders that might be stored on any hard disk partition or even disk while the bootable part is required to be located on the first hard disk primary partition RS The disk has to be the first according to BIOS This may vary from the enumeration several operating systems provide If there are several disks in the PC you can see their enumeration in the partition list in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window The disk number will be provided in the WinNT4 2000 XP Number column to make it visible right click on column header line and check it
58. ction of the main menu 7 4 2 Booting OS from the Acronis OS Selector main window With Acronis OS Selector you can boot an available operating system from under Windows by e Running Acronis OS Selector e Double clicking the operating system icon in the central part of the main window You will be prompted to reboot Click OK to confirm and continue gS If you select the same operating system you are in at the moment the PC will reboot Z after your confirmation You can also boot the selected OS using e The Boot button in the Operations section of the Main Window e The Boot button on the toolbar e The Boot item in the OS section of the main menu 7 5 Setting an operating system as the default Any operating system can be set as the default This means it will already be selected when the boot menu is invoked ss If you install a new operating system after Acronis OS Selector installation it will be set as the default automatically You can set an operating system as the default by clicking Set default in the Operations section of the sidebar or the respective item in the OS section of the main menu or the respective item of the context menu invoked by a right click 7 6 Setting operating system passwords If needed you can protect any installed operating system with a password to prevent its unauthorized booting 84 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Working with Acronis OS Selector To set a password
59. ctors 16 771 923 20 964 824 E Disk Edit View Search Help DO 00 00 00 00 00 oo 00 oo 00 00 00 00 00 00 oo 00 oo 00 00 00 00 00 00 oo 00 oo 00 oo Write to file File name block001 txt Offset in file 0 Size 1272 00 12 00 13 OO 14 OO 5 00 16 00 17 OO A 00 1B 00 iC 00 1D 00 1E OO iF 00 20 00 D 22 00 23 00 242 06 25 00 26 00 Ze OF 28 60 gt am An Ssa an San an gt an gt an an an A OO 28 UG ZC Ob 2D 00 SE On 2F 00730100 aie eto a gt r Sector 16 771 924 Position 95 View Hex Write to a file To read a block from a file and insert it into a disk sector you must place the cursor on the necessary sector byte and then select Read from file menu item The selection of this menu item will result in opening the Read from file window In this window enter the file name and its path or locate a file by clicking the Browse button To insert file contents to a sector from the current cursor position or considering offset in the file click the ox button Acronis Disk Editor disk 2 sectors 16 771 923 20 964 824 Disk Edit Yiew Search Help i BAY Western Windows v oo 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 oo 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 DO e 00 Read from file oo BC File name plock001 txt 73 n Offset in Fil
60. d selection window 2 If you want to create a partition using unallocated disk space 1 Set the switch to Unallocated space 2 The wizard will offer to create a partition on the largest unallocated area For example if you have 5 GB and 12 GB unallocated areas the wizard will offer to create a partition on the 12 GB area If you want to create a partition on the 5 GB unallocated space you will have to reject the wizard s suggestion and simply select this area and click Create a new partition You can do this in the Manual partition operations mode 3 On the Partition Size wizard page set the partition size Create Partition Wizard Partition Size Specify the created partition size Please specify the created partition size Minimum Partition Maximum Partition Size 7 613 MB wf Size 4 703 GB Partition size 4 703 GB New partition size window 22 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Automatic Partition Operations 4 On the next wizard page select partition type Active Active Primary Primary or Logical 5 Typically Primary is selected to install an operating system to a partition If the partition is for data storage select Logical 6 Select Active if you want to install an operating system on this partition to boot at Startup Note that if you enter a size of more than 2 GB you will not be able to use the FAT 16 file system on this partition It will be disabled in the File
61. des eta ese re e tee ee ca eos enel 10 1 7 BEFORE YOU RUN ACRONIS DISK DIRECTOR SUITE cccsccocosceccsosccscsceecececcecercecetsscncesencesancennecs 10 1 8 RUNNING ACRONIS DISK DIRECTOR SUITE ccceccsceccececcececscecccecescscecescecescsceecscsesctsescusescesencs 11 CHAPTER 2 BEGINNING THE WORK ccccccccsccscccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccceccesccsoccocce 12 2 1 ACRONIS DISK DIRECTOR SUITE LOGICAL ORGANIZATION ccceececesceccececescecescscecescucescecescecesccess 12 2 2 ACRONIS DISK DIRECTOR SUITE MAIN WINDOW cccccecceccsceccsceccsceccsceccscecescecccscscscusescusescesecs 13 2 3 CALLING PARTITION OPERATIONS 2 ao 14 2 4 PARTITION OPERATION PROPERTIES ccsccsceccecceccscescecceccecescescescecescesceecestesescscescscescescescesessescescsens 15 2 5 PROTECTING ACRONIS DISK DIRECTOR SUITE WITH A PASSWORD cccsccscescecceccscescesceccecescescesens 18 LO LEN IA Dil Gs O a nc AER NR ER CEES PRC PR THON ROR ET TICS ROP TER E TI 19 CHAPTER 3 AUTOMATIC PARTITION OPERATIONS u cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccceecs 21 3 1 CREATING ANEW PARTITION tata aa ei ne ony econ ver vanes ceba eae ony abran taa peas 00 21 3 2 INCREASING PARTITION FREE SPACE ccceccecescecccsceccececcsceccsceccecsccscscescscecectscecseescesescesescucescncess 30 333 COPYING PARTITION Soda odas 32 CHAPTER 4 MANUAL PARTITION OPERA TIONS 1u ccccccccc
62. disk partitions that were accidentally deleted or damaged due to a hardware or software error Format label assign letters hide and unhide partitions set active partitions and perform additional disk management operations Install multiple operating systems on a single PC Boot installed operating systems from any hard disk partition Boot installed operating systems from under Windows Install several operating systems on a single partition Hide or protect with a password any operating system on your PC Duplicate installed operating systems and define different configurations for each copy Recover boot records files and folders structure find lost clusters remove viruses etc Some terms of this guide might be unfamiliar Appendix A Hard Disk And File Systems and Appendix C Glossary provide descriptions of some hard disk data storage components and used terms What s new in Acronis Disk Director Suite 10 0 Splitting merging partitions You can split a partition in two moving the selected folders to the new partition and leaving the rest of the data on the old one This operation can also be used for creating an empty partition from another partition s free space You can merge two partitions as well even if their file systems are different All data will stay intact and reside on the resulting partition Exploring and managing partitions contents You can explore or manage partition contents before configuring
63. disks are required in case you have not chosen ISO or PXE and give you time to prepare them When you are finished click Proceed Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 109 Hard Disk And File Systems Appendix A Hard Disk And File Systems These appendices contain additional information about hard disk construction and data storage partitions file systems and interaction of operating systems with hard disks A 1 Hard Disk Organization All hard drives have basically the same structure Inside the case there are several disks with a magnetic coating set on a single axis spindle A special motor provides the necessary rotation speed to the spindle e g 5 400 rpm 7 200 rpm or 10 000 rpm Information on disks resides on concentric tracks Each track has a number The outermost track is number 0 and the numbers grow inwards Each of the tracks is divided into sectors that contain minimal information blocks that can be written to the disk or read from it Sectors also have numbers On every disk there is a marker that indicates the beginning of sector enumeration The sector that is the closest to this marker is number 1 At the beginning of a sector there is a header prefix portion that marks the beginning of the sector and its number At the end of a sector in the suffix portion a checksum is used to check data integrity The data area between the prefix and suffix portions is 512 bytes in size Both sides of each disk on
64. diting operations are only available in the Manual mode of Acronis Disk Director Suite To start editing hard disk or partition data e Select the necessary partition disk to edit with Acronis Disk Editor from the list of available partitions disks in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window e Select Edit in the Advanced section of the main window sidebar or the respective item of the context menu invoked by right clicking You can also access editing operations selecting main menu Disk gt Advanced gt Edit This will invoke Acronis Disk Editor providing access to other editing operations of the selected partition disk gt Acronis Disk Editor disk 2 sectors 16 771 923 20 964 824 z Disk Edit View Search Help 4 Acronis Absolute sector 16 771 923 cylinder 1 044 head 1 sector 1 Cyrillic DOS 866 vw File system name BOOTWIZO Sector size 512 Sectors per cluster Reserved sectors 0 FAT copies 0 Root folder items 0 Big total sectors 0 Media ID FAT size 0 Sectors per track Number of heads Hidden sectors Big total sectors 0 4192863 v FAT16 Free Space 0 06 GB Total Size 1 999 GB Position O View NTFS bootsector Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 73 Working with Acronis Disk Editor 6 3 Main Window of the Program The main window shows the numbers of disk and sector where the internal program cursor is positioned It usually contains information abou
65. e lo 54 Size 272 CD F 09 11 19 21 29 31 Am Sector 16 771 924 Read from a file 6 6 View Information in the Acronis Disk Editor window can be viewed and edited in several different modes You can select the appropriate view mode with the help of the View menu Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 71 Working with Acronis Disk Editor Acronis Disk Editor disk 2 sectors 16 7 T Disk Edit view Search H w As Hex F Help 45 Partition Table F 45 FAT16 Boot Sector FF 7 a As FAT32 Boot Sector Alt FF H Western Win As FAT32 FS Info Sector Fiene 06 As NTFS Boot Sector O1SE oa As FAT Folder 0162 oOo Toolbars OITA OO s Sbatus Bar hiss 00 00 00 00 00 Oise 00 00 00 00 00 0Ol 4 O00 00 00 00 00 NN TE Tr or hee d on on TE View menu The editor offers seven view modes e hex e partition table e FAT16 boot sector e FAT32 boot sector e FAT32 FS info sector e NTFS boot sector e FAT folder 6 7 Search on on ad nt moO k o a E The Search menu allows you to search a hard disk for some line and to go to a disk sector according to its absolute offset Acronis Disk Editor disk 2 sectors Disk Edt view Search Help H P Search Ctrl F Western Windows P GoTo Alt P Dsolute sector 16 1 9 0000 FS FF FF FF J010 09 OO Of OO ooOz0 11 00 12 00 0030 19 00 14 OO Search Menu 03 00 04 O OB 00 c 00
66. e disk There are three levels of hard disk formatting low level marking the magnetic surface with tracks and sectors partitioning and high level creation of a file system on a partition Hard disk hard drive Fixed storage media along with integrated electronics that consists of several magnetic platters that rotate synchronously on one spindle Hard disks have relatively high capacity and high read write speed Hard disk geometry A set of hard disk parameters that usually includes the number of cylinders heads and sectors per track Head magnetic head read write head A hard disk consists of several magnetic platters for each side of each platter there is a head that is used to read and write information on it Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 125 Glossary Hidden partition A partition that is somehow made invisible to the operating system Usually partitions are hidden by changing their type Label An optional name that can be assigned to a partition to simplify its identification Usually has the same limitation as file names For example FAT partitions have labels up to 11 characters long but may contain spaces Letter of a drive partition All operating systems that are DOS compatible use Latin letters to identify drives and partitions Letters A and B are usually reserved for floppy drives Starting with C letters are assigned to hard disk partitions that can be recognized by the operating system Separ
67. e size and file system Disk and partition information is also provided in the partition and disk tree The bottom part of the main window graphically indicates the selected disk and its partitions as rectangles with basic data on them label letter size type file system 2 3 Calling Partition Operations All partition operations in both modes are called and executed similarly 2 3 1 Calling the main operations Any operation can be launched e By Selecting it from the Disk submenu e From customizable toolbars e From the partition context menu both in the main window and the graphical panel e From Operations and Advanced sidebar lists Note that the list of available operations in the Disk submenu and the Operations sidebar depends on the selected partition type This holds true for unallocated space as well 2 3 2 Advanced operations Advanced operations are e Convert convert the FAT16 partition file system to FAT32 Ext2 to Ext3 and vice versa 14 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Beginning The Work e Hide Unhide hide unhide a partition e Set Active set an active partition e Resize Root resize FAT16 partition root e Change Bytes per i node resize i node table Linux Ext2 Ext3 e Change Cluster Size change FAT16 FAT32 partition cluster size e Change Type change partition type e Recover recover deleted or damaged partitions see Chapter 5 Working with Acronis Recovery Expert
68. e the possibility of data damage and loss All other NTFS data structures are special files Like the FAT NTFS uses clusters to store files but cluster size does not depend on partition size NTFS is a 64 bit file system It uses Unicode to store file names It is also a journaling failure protected file system and supports compression and encryption Files in folders are indexed to speed up file search A 9 5 Linux Ext2 Ext2 one of the main file systems for the Linux operating system is a 32 bit file system lts maximum size is 16 Terabytes The main data structure that describes a file is an i node A place to store the table of all i nodes has to be allocated in advance during formatting Linux Ext3 Officially introduced with Red Hat Linux version 7 2 Ext3 is the Red Hat journaling file system It is forward and backward compatible with Linux ext2 It has multiple journaling modes and broad cross platform compatibility in both 32 and 64 bit architectures A 9 6 Linux ReiserFS ReiserFS was officially introduced to Linux in 2001 ReiserFS overcomes many Ext2 disadvantages It is a 64 bit journaling file system that dynamically allocates space for data substructures Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 117 Particularities of Operating Systems Appendix B Particularities of Operating Systems B 1 DOS type Operating Systems B 1 1 Supported Versions Acronis Disk Director Suite supports the following versions of DOS t
69. ect whether you want to create a partition using the unallocated space or the Free space of the existing partitions tj Unallocated space Description Create a new partition using both the unallocated space and the Free space of the existing partitions The existing partitions can be resized if necessary to give the space to the created partition 2 On the Select Hard Disk Drive wizard page select a disk on which to create a partition Create Partition Wizard Select Hard Disk Drive Select your hard disk where you wank to create a partition Please select a hard disk drive From the list of available drives where you want to create a partition then press Next Drive Capacity Model Interface ee eDisk1 386 29 G6 Maxtor 2FO40L0 YAMS IDE O Secondary Master a Disk2 12 73GB 573136204 3 11 IDE O Secondary Master Partition disk selection page Note that this wizard page represents physical disks actually connected to your PC The next page shows logical disks or partitions on the selected physical disk See also Appendix C Glossary Physical disk Logical disk 3 On the next Select Partitions wizard page select the disk partition s whose space you want to use to create a new partition This means that if these partitions have free space their size can be reduced As a result the freed space will be automatically considered as unallocated not used by any partitions A new partition can be creat
70. ed in this space Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 2 Automatic Partition Operations Create Partition Wizard Select Partitions Select your partitions to take the Free space From Please select partitions From the list of available partitions to take the Free space From then press Next Partition Flags Capacity Free Space Type Disk 2 E lt 2FATI6 H 1 999 GB 1 999 GB FATI6 The window of existing partition selection to create a new partition itr By creating a partition using the free space of other partitions Acronis Disk Director Suite can collect it in such a way that the final partition size is not smaller than 110 of data occupied space Wi j a When creating a partition with the switch set to Free space of the existing partitions you provide a small partition size If it is possible to create it using unallocated disk space the partition will be created this way the existing partitions will not be resized If a partition cannot be created using unallocated space only then the deficit will be taken from existing partitions If you do not select a partition to take space from on the Select Partitions wizard page and there is no unallocated disk space you will see an error message Create Partition Wizard Select Partitions Select your partitions to take the Free space From Please select partitions From the list of available partitions to take the free space From Error Acro
71. ed up to a hard disk or CD will enable you to work on the disk partitions with full confidence that your data Is safe Acronis offers extremely effective hard disk and partition disk imaging software Acronis True Image visit http www acronis com products trueimage It creates a backup stored in a compressed archive file whose contents can be restored at any time 2 Test your disk to make sure it s fully functional and does not contain bad sectors or file system errors pS You can invoke system hard disk checking tools directly from Acronis Disk Director Suite c by selecting Disk gt Check or clicking Check the selected partition for errors toolbar button 10 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Installation and Use 3 Do not perform any partition operations while running other software that has low level disk access such as antivirus or backup tools Close such programs before running Acronis Disk Director Suite If you follow these simple rules you will protect yourself against data loss 1 8 Running Acronis Disk Director Suite 1 8 1 Running under Windows Under Windows select Start gt Programs gt Acronis gt DiskDirector gt Acronis Disk Director Suite ss Under Windows Acronis Disk Director Suite can perform operations on any partitions c including primary logical system or data without rebooting your PC 1 8 2 Running Acronis Disk Director Suite for the first time When you run the
72. efore when performing partition operations you must be careful and remember that each operating system works differently with partition letters Each OS has its own partition letter assignment rules Windows 98 Me Windows 98 Me assign partition letters automatically in fixed order according to these rules e Partition letters start from C and continue until Z The C partition is considered system i e used for OS startup S Note that these OS cannot recognize all partitions but only 1 FAT12 4 and 6 FAT16 11 FAT32 12 FAT32 LBA and 13 FAT16 LBA types File system type is determined not by partition type but by its contents Partitions of other types are passed no letters are assigned to them e The first primary active partition found on the first hard disk is assigned C If there s no such partition C is assigned to the first suitable primary partition e Similarly and consecutively one of the primary partitions from other hard disks is considered They are assigned D E etc If there is no suitable partition found on the first disk then C D etc are assigned e Next all suitable logical partitions are considered in the sequence order on the first second third etc hard disks They are assigned E F G for example e Finally in order letters are assigned to all remaining suitable primary partitions of the first second third etc disks Partition operations in the mentioned operatin
73. ehavior e At once ESC for menu if activated Acronis OS Selector will boot the default operating system and you will have to press Escape to enter the boot menu e With timeout if activated the default operating system will be booted after an interval in seconds e Disable you will have to manually select an operating system from the boot menu This is active by default Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 95 Working with Acronis OS Selector Acronis OS Selector Options View and change the Acronis 05 Selector options ll eee EN General Options Startup Options A Display Properties E Passwords Z sy Input Devices 7 14 3 Display properties EA Startup Options View or change Acronis OS Selector startup options Boot the default configuration P Immediately ESC For menu O with timeout E El sec a Disabled Startup options window Acronis OS Selector can control monitor video modes before Windows is booted and the graphics card and monitor drivers are loaded Acronis OS Selector Options View and change the Acronis 05 Selector options ll Ab g General Options i aii ats isplay Properties A E SD Input Devices A Display Properties Please set the display properties to use For the bootmenu j7 Screen resolution A Less 1 024 by 766 pixels Color quality T High 24 bit Refresh rate Display properties window The following p
74. eparate device Thus floppy disks hard disks and CD ROMs are physical disks Primary partition The partition information about which is contained in the MBR partition table The majority of operating systems can be booted only from the primary partition of the first hard disk but the number of primary partitions Is limited Root folder The folder where the folder tree of a file system begins Starting from the root folder one can uniquely describe the file position on the folder tree by sequentially naming all the intermediate nested folders e g WINDOWS SYSTEM VMM32 VXD Here the WINDOWS folder is a subfolder of the root folder the SYSTEM folder is a subfolder of the WINDOWS folder and the VMM32 VXD file is located in the SYSTEM folder Sector It is the smallest information unit on a disk that is transferred in a single read or write operation Usually a sector is 512 bytes in size A sector on a disk can be addressed two ways via the absolute number see absolute sector or via cylinder head and sector number on a track System disk partition is a disk partition from which an operating system may be booted Such a disk usually contains the boot sector and system files of this operating system System file is a file that contains the code and constant data for an operating system Each operating system has its own system file set System folder Some operating systems keep most of their files in a special folder on a partition th
75. erating system s booting will not finish e MS DOS and PC DOS have trouble accessing multiple primary partitions if the hard disk contains logical partitions that were not recognized by DOS Due to the limitation of boot code in most DOS like operating systems their boot partitions should be located in the first 2 gigabytes of a hard disk B 2 Windows 95 98 Me Under Windows 95 98 Me booting always starts with MS DOS thus everything concerning MS DOS 7 x 8 0 booting applies to Windows 95 98 Me as well B 2 1 Supported Versions Acronis Disk Director Suite supports Windows 95 and Windows 950SR2 98 Me and can detect their language version B 2 2 Booting Details and Limitations Windows booting starts when MS DOS executes the WIN COM file This program loads the Windows kernel that loads drivers arranges memory allocation and starts the shell program EXPLORER EXE Drivers that were loaded rescan the partition structure and assign letters to partitions that were not visible from MS DOS There are several differences between Windows 95 98 Me versions e Windows 95 contains MS DOS 7 0 does not support FAT32 and due to MS DOS 7 0 limitations it cannot be booted from partitions that are located beyond the 1024th cylinder e Windows 95 OSR2 98 contains MS DOS 7 1 and supports FAT32 e Windows Me contains MS DOS 8 0 which supports FAT32 but does not allow the use of MS DOS 120 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 P
76. es the program 3 The boot manager initializes the memory scans the partition structure and assigns letters to partitions defining the DOS boot partition on the way 118 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Particularities of Operating Systems Then the boot manager reads the DOS configuration file CONFIG SYS and if it contains multiple configurations displays a menu on the screen prompting you to choose one of them otherwise it just reads the configuration and loads the indicated drivers and operating system parts from the second DOS file After the configuration file has been processed the command interpreter default COMMAND COM is loaded and executed The command interpreter is a plain DOS program There are several differences between DOS versions from different vendors MS DOS 5 x 6 x and PC DOS assume that their files should be the first ones in the root folder MS DOS 5 x 6 x system files have names 10 SYS and MSDOS SYS PC DOS and DR DOS 7 x system files have names IBMBIO COM and IBMDOS COM MS DOS 7 x 8 0 has one large system file 1 O SYS and MSDOS SYS becomes a configuration file Letter assignment order differs for different DOS versions MS DOS and PC DOS assume the boot partition as the partition to which letter C has been assigned The CONFIG SYS command set differs for different DOS versions MS DOS 7 x 8 0 starts WIN COM instead of COMMAND COM if the MSDOS SYS file includes BOOTGUI 1 MS DOS 8 0 cannot fu
77. es window Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 85 Working with Acronis OS Selector 7 7 2 Boot configuration This section allows you to set the following boot parameters Write Boot Sector write boot sector each time an operating system boots Boot as MS DOS 7 1 can be set for operating systems compatible with MS DOS Boot as OS 2 can be set for operating systems compatible with OS 2 that were not Enable large disks support enables large disks support for Windows 98 Me Edit Operating System Properties Windows AP Professional English Boot Configuration View and change boot configuration properties of the Select the option below to write the boot sector when the Select the option below to enable booting as MS DOS 7 1 Select the option below to enable booting as 5 2 Select the option below to enable large disks support For Windows 95 0SR 2 98 ME operating system LBA Enable the large disks support Apply Boot configuration window 0 0 7 1 that were not automatically located by Acronis OS Selector 0 automatically located by Acronis OS Selector 0 operating systems view and change the operating system properties is Operating System Properties Ed General Properties z Boot Configuration cl operating system ma Folders B Files operating system starts advanced y Write the boot sector _ Boot as MS DOS 7 1 7 7 3 Partitions Acronis OS Selector allows you to hide hard disk partitions ex
78. etter assignment rules for various operating systems appears in 3 1 Creating A New Partition A Take special care when moving an operating system partition and its boot code location The OS might stop booting For example Windows NT 4 0 and earlier versions limit boot code location to the first 2016 MB 4 1 5 Splitting partitions You can split a partition in two moving the selected folders to the new partition and leaving the rest of the data on the old one The new partition will have the same file system This operation can also be used for creating an empty partition from another partition s free space There must be some free space on a partition to enable its splitting The amount of free space necessary for splitting can be calculated as follows e Space for the new partition file system depending on the file system type maximum 20 MB e Plus space for the program s housekeeping data about 25 MB e Plus 3 of the size of the data being moved to the newly created partition With splitting completed this space will be free again except for space for the new partition file system and will be distributed between the two resulting partitions If there is not enough space on the partition you will get a message that splitting is impossible If you need to split a partition 1 Select a partition to be split 2 Select Disk gt Split or a similar item in the Operations sidebar list or click Split on the toolbar 3 I
79. ettes the wizard will tell you the exact number or any other media your PC can boot from such as a Zip drive If you have chosen not to install the Bootable Media Builder during Acronis Disk Director Suite installation you will not be able to use this feature Acronis Disk Director Suite 10 0 also provides the ability to create an ISO image of a bootable disk on the hard disk If there is a PXE server in your local network having the Acronis PXE agent installed its administrator can save the bootable data on this server as well Then any networked computer will be able to boot the Acronis Disk Director Suite standalone version If you have other Acronis products such as Acronis True Image installed on your computer you can include standalone versions of these programs on the same bootable disk as well 9 2 Creating bootable media 1 Run the Bootable Media Builder from the tools section of main window sidebar or from the respective main menu section 2 Select which components of Acronis programs you want to place on the bootable disk Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 107 Bootable Media Builder Acronis Media Builder Rescue Media Contents Selection Select Acronis components to be placed on the created boot media After the media created you will be able to boot your PC From it and run the selected components from the media EMi Acronis Disk Director Suite L Acronis Disk Director Full version O reco
80. event OS Selector from starting at bootup and force loading its own bootable program or OS We highly recommend that you set the system bootup sequence in BIOS so that the HDD will be the first device To prevent the Acronis OS Selector boot menu from being invoked at bootup select Deactivate OS Selector in the Tools section of the Acronis OS Selector main menu under Windows or in the respective boot menu section at PC bootup Then you will be prompted to select an operating system to be booted after the boot menu is deactivated You can avoid appearing the Acronis OS Selector boot menu at bootup even If OS Selector is active To do so press F6 immediately after turning on the computer before the first messages will appear on the screen This will boot an OS from the partition that is active according to Master Boot Record MBR 7 4 Booting operating systems You can boot any operating system with Acronis OS Selector e From the boot menu if activated e From under Windows from the Acronis OS Selector main window Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 83 Working with Acronis OS Selector 7 4 1 Booting an OS using the boot menu Having turned on the PC wait for the Acronis OS Selector boot menu to be invoked and select and double click an operating system to boot You can also boot a selected OS by e Clicking Boot in the Operations section of the boot menu sidebar e Clicking Boot on the toolbar e Selecting Boot in the OS se
81. f but also operations of partition resizing for creating a new partition If you want to create a new partition and there is no free space on disks E Run the create partition wizard by clicking Create a new partition You will immediately see the Select Hard Disk Drive wizard page passing the Action Selection page Further actions for partition creation are the same as described in 3 1 Creating A New Partition section Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 29 Automatic Partition Operations Click Finish on the last wizard page to allow Acronis Disk Director Suite to create a pending operation list for new partition creation these actions may only modify an existing operation See 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations 3 2 Increasing Partition Free Space You might need to increase partition free space in some cases e There is no free space to install new applications or store data e Some programs like defragmenters could stop working correctly if partition free space Is smaller than a certain value Reducing system partition free space below a certain value might cause operating system problems The Increase free space wizard will enable you to enlarge a partition using other partitions free space If there is not enough free space in other partitions it can use unallocated disk space If you need to increase partition free space l Run the Increase free space wizard by selecting Wizards gt Increase free space
82. features the list of steps contained in the selected log The three buttons to the right control message filters the white cross in the red circle filters error messages the exclamation sign in a yellow triangle filters warnings and the i in the blue circle filters information messages To select columns step parameters to display right click the headers line or left click the Choose Details button Then check the desired parameters To sort messages by a particular parameter click its header click again to reverse order or the Arrange Icons by button the second from the right and select the desired parameter You can also change column width by dragging the borders with a mouse 20 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Automatic Partition Operations Chapter 3 Automatic Partition Operations The Automatic partition operations mode enables you to perform the following typical Operations e Create a new partition e Increase partition free space e Copy a partition e Recover partitions These operations are performed with wizards enabling you to enter operation parameters step by step and return to any step as needed Each parameter is provided with detailed instructions For a detailed description of the Recover Partitions Wizard see Chapter 5 Working with Acronis Recovery Expert 3 1 Creating A New Partition You might need a new hard disk partition to e Store several same type files for example a
83. g FAT32 partition cluster size might increase the space occupied by the file allocation table FAT and slow down file access If you need to change cluster size 1 Select a disk and partition from the list in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window 2 Select Disk gt Advanced gt Change cluster size or a similar item in the Advanced Sidebar list or click gt Change the cluster size of the selected partition on the toolbar or select it from partition or the graphical representation context menu 3 In the Cluster Size window you can 1 see the current cluster size of the selected partition 2 see average statistics of disk space losses for the selected partition and different cluster size Some cluster sizes might become unavailable for a partition because there will not be enough clusters to store the actual partition data 3 set new cluster size in the New cluster size field 62 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Manual Partition Operations Cluster Size Changing the cluster size on FAT F T32 and NTFS partitions Reducing the cluster size may help you reclaim wasted space on your hard disk Cluster Size Usefull Space 56 Wasted Allowable Partition Size 512 bytes 91 42 63 MB 509 9 MB 4 052 GB 1 KB g 42 12 ME 209 9 MB 4 052 GB i KB 92 41 57 MB 509 9 MB 4 052 GB 92 41 75 MB 509 9 MB 4 052 GB 89 55 30 MB 525 6 MB 4 052 GB g 85 26 MB 549 1 ME 4 052 GB in 7
84. g in the hard disk layout below The recovered partitions are checked off S 1 C 38 20 68 1132 26 GB NTFS Se Program H Datal 3 Data2 1 12 73 GB 411 976 GB 6 013 GB NTFS 1 9996B F 12 727 GB NTFS Please press the Next button to continue A hard disk partition to be recovered A partition has been found by Acronis Recovery Expert and is shown in the disk structure but has not yet been recovered This finishes partition recovery preparations To complete this operation select Commit in the Operations section of the Main menu This will complete the given partition recovery Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 69 Working with Working with Acronis Recovery Expert If you exit Acronis Disk Director Suite without confirming the partition recovery operation it will be canceled 5 2 Manual Recovery Set the switch to Manual in the Recovery mode window to select the manual recovery mode Acronis Recovery Expert Recovery Mode You can choose between Fully automated and manual recovery modes Please select the recovery mode you wish to work under You can find the description of each in the selection below Automatic Manual Description The manual mode gives you Full control over the recovery process You will be asked to choose the free space where you want to search For partitions You can also choose a search method Selecting manual recovery mode The next Searching Method window enab
85. g systems may result in problems running applications opening files and other problems if letter assignments change Windows NT 2000 XP Windows NT 2000 XP operating systems initial letter assignment is done automatically similar to Windows 98 Windows NT 4 0 does not support FAT32 but assigns letters to such partitions s Please note that letter order in these operating systems can differ depending on the c number of hard disks and other disk drives recognized by the BIOS All these operating systems enable you to change initially assigned letters Partition create delete and move operations do not affect letters assigned to other partitions Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 25 Automatic Partition Operations Assigning a partition a new letter or hiding it will prevent only its applications and files from running or opening Other partitions will not be affected by these operations OS startup problems may appear if you directly change the letter assigned to the system partition or a partition with PAGEFILE SYS swap file Hard disk partition letter assignment in various operating systems is further explained in all guide chapters where the partition operations might affect PC operation or booting 9 On the next page you can enter an optional partition label that will enable you to distinguish one created partition from another In Windows a partition label is shown in the Explorer disk and folder tree for example
86. ght Acronis Inc 2000 2009 91 Working with Acronis OS Selector 7 9 Using shortcuts Acronis OS Selector allows you to create shortcuts for any operating system in the boot menu Shortcuts enable you to create several different configurations for the same Operating system Shortcut parameters are set in the same way as those of the operating system Shortcuts can be copied deleted and renamed like operating systems You can create a shortcut for a selected operating system in the following ways e Clicking Create shortcut in the Edit sidebar section main window toolbar or boot menu e Clicking Create Shortcut in the Edit section of the main menu e Clicking Create Shortcut on the toolbar e Using a context menu invoked by a right click 7 10 Deleting operating systems from OS Selector boot menu With the Delete operation you can delete any operating system from the OS Selector boot menu and main window along with its shortcuts ss You can delete all Windows system folders from the hard disk along with deleting Windows from the boot menu by checking Delete the operating system directories check box in the Confirmation dialog window 7 11 Detecting operating systems The OS detection tool allows an unintentionally deleted from the boot menu operating system to be found and added to OS Selector boot menu and main window Besides if an operating system on a newly connected disk was not detected automatically you can try to add
87. gle hold the left mouse button and move a partition as a whole until you get the necessary MB or GB amount in the Unallocated space before field 3 Specifying the necessary value in the Unallocated space before field s Acronis Disk Director Suite automatically considers the limitations of file systems and parameters provided In particular it won t let you enlarge a FAT16 partition over the maximum 2 GB 4 GB for Windows 98 Me value 5 By Clicking ox in the Resize Partition window you ll create a pending operation for partition resizing and moving your actions may only undo or modify an existing operation see 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations The new partition structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window 44 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Manual Partition Operations Acronis Disk Director Suite features a wizard for performing more complex partition resizing see 3 2 Increasing Partition Simple partition resizing lets you increase partition size only if there is free unallocated space before or after a partition The wizard lets you perform more complex operations such as increasing partition free space at the expense of other partitions A Moving a partition to unallocated disk space in Windows 98 Me can change the order of letters assigned to other partitions As a result some shortcuts might stop working A detailed discussion of partition l
88. gnition For example one could be called System a partition with an operating system Program an application partition Data a data partition etc In Windows partition labels are shown in the Explorer disk and folder tree WIN98 C WINXP D DATA E etc WIN98 WINXP and DATA are partition labels A partition label is shown in all application dialog boxes for opening and saving files See Appendix C Glossary Label If you need to change a partition label 1 Select Disk gt Change Label or a similar item in the Operations sidebar list or click Change the selected partition label on the toolbar 2 Entera new label in the Partition label window Partition Label Changing the label of the selected partition Partition label BACKUF Partition label window 3 By clicking OK in the Partition Label window you ll add the pending operation of partition label changing your actions may only undo or modify an existing operation see 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations The new label will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window 4 1 9 Formatting a partition Acronis Disk Director Suite lets you logically format a partition It includes organizing a file system that supports files and folder data storage Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 49 Manual Partition Operations If you need to format an existing partition 1 Select a disk and a partition
89. icons above the folder tree Explore E x View the contents of the selected partition e 13 Artist s discogr tut 4 My Computer File A ye Local Disk H Bi EOOTWIZ Mo document properties are g 3 Music available For this File al Anti HO Ants jar Burl Ives 2 Artist A Edit i an iv 3 Rename la Copy Ctrl Z Exploring partition contents You are also enabled to view or edit text files up to 64 kb in size To do so right click on the file and select Edit To illustrate why it may be necessary imagine that your operating system failed to boot You can run Acronis Disk Director Suite from Acronis OS Selector main window if the program is not installed start it from bootable disk and change some critical files contents Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Manual Partition Operations Acronis OS Selector also allows editing text files see 7 7 6 Files but only those included into system files list The Explore operation shows the real partition contents read from the disk If there are some operations pending like splitting a partition you will not be able to explore partitions until the operations are committed or canceled However operations on folders files in Explore window are executed immediately 4 When you re finished exploring click OK 4 1 8 Changing partition labels The partition label is an optional attribute It s a name assigned to a partition for easier reco
90. ill launch their execution You will not be able to undo any actions or operations after you Proceed the operation 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations All of your actions result in the creation of pending operations For example you can create a new partition by providing its type file system size location and label You can easily view the pending operation for the partition you are working on see 2 4 3 Viewing delayed operations You can always change any operation parameter including type file system size location etc before performing the operation Using Change type Convert Move Resize and similar operations you will also see that your actions do not result in creating new pending operations These actions will only change the existing pending operation parameters If you decide to change the label of a different existing partition Acronis Disk Director Suite will immediately create a new pending operation Thus the same actions sometimes result in the creation of a new pending operation or modification of existing operations 16 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Beginning The Work 2 4 6 Undoing user actions Calling wizards or dialog boxes for planning disk partition operations are user actions User entries are necessary operation parameters on the wizard or dialog box pages One user action in Acronis Disk Director Suite enables you to plan a list of partition operations for example calling a wizard fo
91. ind that there is not enough free space on a certain partition For example maybe it is almost filled with MP3 files Acronis Disk Director Suite lets you enlarge a partition easily Reasons for moving a partition were discussed above see 4 1 3 Moving a partition to unallocated disk space If you need to resize and or move a partition 1 Select the hard disk and a partition to be resized Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 43 Manual Partition Operations 9 2 Select Disk gt Resize or a similar item in the Operations sidebar list or click Resize move the selected partition on the toolbar 3 Resize the partition in the Resize Partition window 1 Hold the mouse button and drag a corresponding partition rectangle side until you get the proper size in the Partition size field 2 Specify the partition size in the Partition size field Resize Partition Enter the new partition size and specify the location of the selected partition Size and Position Es 1 31 GB FAT16 Minimum size 7 844 ME Maximum size 1 96 GB Unallocated space before 415 7 MB Partition size 1 51 GB Unallocated space after 266 7 MB Free space on partition 1 31 66 Resize partition window 4 Relocate a partition on a disk by one of the following methods 1 Holding the mouse button and dragging the corresponding partition rectangle left side to resize free space before the partition 2 Having pointed to the rectan
92. ion Default mouse settings suitable in most cases ox nea a e Input devices properties window 98 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Installing and using several operating systems on a single PC Chapter 8 Installing and using several operating systems on a single PC 8 1 Introduction One of the key benefits offered by Acronis OS Selector is the ability to add almost any new operating system to a PC even if it already has one or more operating systems installed Using Acronis OS Selector a user is able to install e Several different copies of the same OS e g Windows XP e Different operating systems from the same developers e g Microsoft Windows 98 and Windows XP e Operating systems from various developers e g a Windows version and a Linux variant In all cases Acronis OS Selector eliminates software conflicts that might affect operating system stability and even result in failures Acronis OS Selector supports and automatically recognizes the following operating systems e Various DOS environments MS DOS 5 x 6 x MS DOS 7 0 not a separate product but is included in Windows 95 MS DOS 7 1 not a separate product but is included in Windows 98 MS DOS 8 0 not a separate product but Is included in Windows Me All Windows 9x and Windows NT operating systems Windows 95 95 OSR2 98 Me NT 2000 XP e The most widespread Linux distributions e The most widespread Unix PC distributions FreeBSD Solari
93. is OS Selector in the installation program window and follow the program instructions 1 6 User Interface When Acronis Disk Director Suite software is installed it has a graphical user interface that is controlled by the mouse or by Tab Shift Tab Left Right Up Down Space Enter and Escape keys RS If you regularly work with Windows or X Window applications you should not encounter c any problems with the Acronis Disk Director Suite interface Acronis Disk Director Suite uses a series of dialogs requiring the user to choose among several actions or to mark partitions or disks to be manipulated 1 7 Before You Run Acronis Disk Director Suite PLEASE NOTE Operations on system application or data partitions must be done very carefully to avoid potential hard disk booting or data storage problems Acronis Disk Director Suite has been thoroughly tested to work with numerous hard disks c so if problems arise they are likely caused by improper use not the software A power loss turning off the PC or pressing the Reset button on your PC during the repartitioning procedure could result in partition damage and data loss Please take all necessary precautions and following these simple rules 1 Create a disk image of the disk on which partitions are to be reconfigured This will ensure that your data will not be lost under any circumstances Almost all current PCs feature CD RW drives Having your most important data back
94. it to the boot menu using this tool A deleted Windows operating system cannot be detected if its system folders have been deleted from the hard disk A deleted Linux system cannot be detected if its loader was located in MBR e To run the OS Detection Wizard select it from the Tools menu e Select whether you want to detect an OS on the hard disk on CD or to detect its record in the MBR 92 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Working with Acronis OS Selector OS Detection Wizard Operating System Location ea Select the location of the operating system you want to add a Specify where Eo look For loader of the added OS on a specified partition compact disc or in MBR C Detect Os in MBR C Detect OS on CD Description Select this item if the operating system that you want to add is installed on a specified partition of hard disk in your computer Selecting where to search an OS e If you selected the hard disk select the partition where the OS to be exact its boot part is located When detecting Linux choose the partition containing Linux loader For Windows see 8 2 1 General information Then click Bootable Whatever OS location is selected you can set options of available partitions for example hide some of them These settings will be applied to the partitions each time you boot the detected operating system OS Detection Wizard EE Boot Partition Selection En Specify a bootable parti
95. it will overwrite the Acronis OS Selector boot record making it inoperable until reactivated from a bootable CD or diskette see 8 1 1 Reactivating the Acronis OS Selector boot menu After Linux is installed Acronis OS Selector will automatically detect its presence and create a respective customizable icon in the Operating system area of the main program window 106 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Bootable Media Builder Chapter 9 Bootable Media Builder 9 1 General information There are situations in which you might have to run Acronis Disk Director Suite without booting either operating system e inorder to reactivate Acronis OS Selector after installing a new operating system e inorder to use Acronis Disk Director Suite on a non Windows system for example a Linux based PC e if you do not often use Acronis Disk Director Suite and therefore do not want to install it on the computer Acronis Disk Director Suite has a standalone bootable version that can run from CD or other removable media without booting an operating system If you purchased the boxed product you already have such a bootable CD because the installation CD contains besides the program installation files the Acronis Disk Director Suite standalone bootable version If you purchased Acronis Disk Director Suite on the Web you can create bootable media using the Bootable Media Builder For this you will need a CD R RW blank several formatted disk
96. izing file storage on a hard disk partition Defragmentation is the process of eliminating file fragmentation which causes files to be spread across the disk after operations File fragmentation significantly reduces PC and server performance especially when intensive I O operations are taking place Conversely file defragmentation can increase performance as the read head has to move less across the disk to read all file parts Acronis Disk Director Suite supports defragmentation in Windows XP and Windows 2003 Server only Windows 2000 has its own embedded disk defragmenter To defragment a partition in Windows NT 4 0 and earlier Windows operating systems it is recommended that you install a third party disk defragmenter tool If you need to defragment a hard disk partition 1 Select a hard disk and partition to defragment in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window 2 Select Disk gt Defragment or a similar item in the Operations sidebar list or click gt Defragment the selected partition on the toolbar 3 By clicking OK in the Defragmentation window you ll run partition defragmentation Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 53 Manual Partition Operations Defragmentation Defragmenting the files and Folders on the selected partition Consolidating Fragmented Files and Folders so that each occupies a single contiguous space Please press OK to start defragmenting now Cancel Run partition def
97. ke other software Acronis Disk Director Suite can hide any partition independent of its type primary or logical 58 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Manual Partition Operations If you need to hide a partition 1 Select a disk and a partition to hide in the list in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window 2 Execute operation of partition hiding by selecting Disk gt Advanced gt Hide or a similar item in the Advanced sidebar list or by clicking Hide the selected partition on the toolbar or select it from partition or the graphical representation context menu 3 By clicking ox in the Hide Partition window you ll add a pending operation of partition hiding your actions may only undo or modify an existing operation See 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations Hide Partition Hiding the selected partition Hiding this partition may cause drive letters bo changed Are vou sure you want to hide the partition Cancel Hide Partition window A hidden partition is labeled Hid in the Flags field of the partition list in the main window Attention Hiding a system partition will prevent your PC from booting Hiding a swap file partition in Windows NT 2000 XP will produce a similar result If you have several primary partitions with different operating systems hiding an active system partition will automatically make another partition active Note that the Advanced gt Hide sidebar item is changed to Adva
98. l see the maximum size available for the selected partition You must select the size yourself Increase Free Space Wizard Partition Size Specify the created partition size Please specify the created partition size Minimum Parkikiom Maximum Partition Size 6 013 GB size 10 72 GB Partition size 9 212 GB Entering the size to increase partition free space Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 31 Automatic Partition Operations Note that although selected partition size is increased at the expense of other partition Space unallocated space also will be used if needed Unallocated space is automatically considered to be the maximum partition size 5 In the last Preview wizard window you will see a graphical representation of the new partition structure including the resized partition Clicking Finish on the last wizard page will allow Acronis Disk Director Suite to create the pending operation list for partition resizing your actions may only modify an existing operation See 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations The new partition structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window Similar to creating a new partition see 3 1 Creating A New Partition Acronis Disk Director Suite considers the results of partition free space increase as a single complex operation that can be undone only as a whole 3 3 Copying Partitions Having copied
99. le to burn it onto any kind of DVD recordable using DVD recording software Creating a bootable DVD directly from Bootable Media Builder is impossible When using 3 5 diskettes you will be able to write on a diskette or a set of the diskettes only one component at a time for example Acronis OS Selector Activator To write another component start Bootable Media Builder once again 108 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Bootable Media Builder Acronis Media Builder Bootable Media Selection Select a drive to be used to create a bootable media Choose a media type From the list below The list contains all available devices that could be used to create media that stores data required For boot It could be such devices as floppy disk drive CD recorders and flash memory devices also you can store bootable data on a PXE server or in iso files Name Type Details Han Floppy 4 3 4 Inch Floppy Disk You need to provide 12 of 1 44 MB disks or 6 of 2 8 MB disks Selecting type of the bootable media 4 If you are creating a CD diskettes or any removable media insert the blank disk so the program can determine its capacity If you chose to create a bootable disk ISO image specify the ISO file name and the folder where to place it If you chose to save bootable data on PXE server specify the server and provide the user name and password to access it 5 Next the program will calculate how many blank
100. les you to select one of two deleted partition searching methods 1 Fast 2 Complete What s the difference Using the Fast search method Acronis Recovery Expert checks the beginning of each side of every cylinder of a hard disk Using the Complete method Acronis Recovery Expert checks every hard disk sector The Fast method takes less time while the Complete method is slower but more thorough Note that the Fast method should find all deleted partitions in most cases 70 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Working with Acronis Recovery Expert S Acronis Recovery Expert Searching Method Please choose a searching method You can choose either Fast or Complete methods The first method is much Faster but may miss some deleted partitions We do however recommend that you first use the Fast search method C Complete Description very often partitions begin from the first sector of each cylinder on a hard disk drive Acronis Recovery Expert will search only the First sectors of cylinders For deleted partitions Searching method selection The Searching for Deleted Partitions window shows you parameters of a partition that existed on the selected unallocated space before it was deleted Acronis Recovery Expert Searching for Deleted Partitions Acronis Recovery Expert tries to find deleted partitions You will see the partitions found in the list below Please select the partitions you want to recover from the lis
101. logical drive File A file is named information storage in the file system In different file systems files can be stored in different ways with different file names and different ways to write the full path to the file in the folder tree File allocation table FAT The hard disk area located after the boot sector which describes physical files locations a duplicate for higher data storage reliability follows FAT The FAT also contains the disk cluster list as well as many records as there are clusters on a disk If a FAT cell contains 0 the cluster is empty The last file cluster defective cluster and reserved clusters have their own special markings The FAT describes each file by a chain of numbers like serial numbers of a file s disk clusters The number of the first cluster of each file is stored in the folder Writing deleting and modifying files and folders results in corresponding FAT changes File system Data structure that is necessary to store and manage files A file system does the following functions tracks free and occupied space supports folders and file names tracks the physical positions of files on the disk Each partition may be formatted with Its own file system Folder A table in the file system that contains a description of files and other folders Such a structure allows creation of a folder tree that begins with the root folder Formatting The process of creating a service structure on th
102. lting partitions will be equal in size Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Manual Partition Operations 5 By clicking Proceed you ll add a pending operation your actions may only undo or modify already existing operation see 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations The new partition structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window 4 1 6 Merging partitions You can merge two partitions even if their file systems are different All data will stay intact and reside on the resulting partition The resulting partition will have the same file system as the target partition to which data from another partition will be added If you need to merge one partition with another 1 Select a partition to be merged to the target partition 2 Select Disk gt Merge or a similar item in the Operations sidebar list or click Merge on the toolbar 3 Select the target partition 4 Select a folder on the target partition to which the data from the merged partition will be placed You can create a new folder using icons above the folder tree If the folder already exists it must be empty Merge Partitions Combining separate partitions into one Specify an empty Folder in the chosen on the previous step partition to which the contents of the selected partition will be stored after merging x E O New Folder 3 pe ne File Folder e Data Sample 6 9 BOOTWIZ Free Space 4 798 GB 5 Layout
103. mmended version 10 0 2038 M s Acronis OS Selector Activator Language english The full version includes drivers For USB PC Card SCSI hard disk drives This version supports a wide range of devices and is strongly recommended Selecting components to place on the bootable media Acronis Disk Director Suite offers the following components e Disk Director full version Includes support of USB PC Card and SCSI interfaces along with the storage devices connected via them therefore is highly recommended e Disk Director safe version Doesn t include USB PC Card or SCSI drivers Recommended for use in case of problems with running Full version e Acronis OS Selector Activator In some situations you will need to reactivate the Acronis OS Selector boot menu For example after installing the Windows operating system that overwrites the hard disk Master Boot Record and thus prevents invoking Acronis OS Selector at bootup To solve this problem just reactivate Acronis OS Selector using a bootable disk To find more about components of other Acronis products see the respective user guides 3 Select the type of bootable media CD R RW or 3 5 diskettes to create If your BIOS has this feature you can create other bootable media such as removable USB flash drives You can also choose to create a bootable disk ISO image or save bootable data on the PXE server Having created an ISO disk image you will be ab
104. must be a primary partition of the first hard disk e Windows NT versions 3 51 and 4 0 recognize the FAT16 and NTFS file systems Windows 2000 also recognizes the FAT32 file system e The boot partition of Windows NT version 3 51 and 4 0 must be located among the first 2 gigabytes of the hard disk 122 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Particularities of Operating Systems B 4 Linux Acronis Disk Director Suite automatically detects and supports any Linux distribution if it is booted by Lilo or ASPLoader installed in the MBR or if it is booted by any loader installed in the boot sector of the Linux partition Usually Linux itself is installed on an Ext2 Ext3 or ReiserFS partition which can be both primary and logical and can be located on any hard disk Linux also requires another partition to manage its virtual memory Linux Swap Strictly speaking the loader is not a part of an operating system Its main function is to load the Linux kernel into memory and pass control to it Since Lilo is the most common Linux loader let us describe its work in more detail ASPLoader works in a similar manner The Linux kernel is stored in a file and the loader has to load it into memory Instead of supporting multiple file systems where the kernel might be stored Lilo developers chose a simpler and more universal way The loader just stores the location of the kernel file in its data structures These structures are created by a special acti
105. n MP3 collection or video files on a partition e Store backups images of other partitions disks on a partition e Install a new operating system or swap file on a partition Create partition wizard lets you create a partition of any type Active Primary or Logical select a file system label assign a letter and other disk management functions 1 If you need to create a partition 1 Run the create partition wizard by selecting Wizards gt Create partition or a similar e HE Wizards list item on the sidebar or by clicking Create partition on the toolbar 2 The wizard will analyze computer disks and partitions If the wizard finds unallocated space you will see the Action Selection wizard page It will ask you to select how to create a new partition 1 using disk unallocated space 2 using existing partitions free space Unallocated space is the space not used by any existing partitions In contrast partition free space is the space free from any data Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 21 Automatic Partition Operations Create Partition Wizard Create Partition Method Select a partition creation method Please select whether you want bo create a partition using the unallocated space or the Free space of the existing partitions Free space of the existing partitions Description Create a new partition on the unallocated space of your hard disk drives 52 Con Partition creation metho
106. n the folders tree select folders to be moved to the newly created partition If you want to create an empty partition do not select any folders Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 45 Manual Partition Operations Split Partition Split the partition and move specified Files to the newly creaked partition Select Files to be moved to created partition ma P My Computer 5 Layout E B 2 Local Disk K File Folder oo Leaflets Free Space 36 77 GB 2010 Presents Total Size 38 88 GB eS System Yolume Informatio Selecting folders to be moved 4 Distribute the source partition free space between the two resulting partitions 46 Split Partition Split the partition and move specified Files to the newly created partition Drag the slider below toward Existing partition to increase amount of Free space left for the partition you split or drag it toward Created partition to increase amount of Free space the created partition will have Existing partition Created partition Percents left on existing partition 30 Distributing the source partition free space Please keep in mind that you are distributing not overall partition size but just free Space at this step The program will automatically count how much space Is necessary for the folders being moved to the new partition and will add the specified free space share to that size Thus if you divide free space in equal parts it does not mean that the two resu
107. nced gt Unhide after you select a hidden partition from the list The partition context menu also changes A Hiding a partition in Windows 98 Me can change the order of letters assigned to other partitions As a result some shortcuts might stop working In Windows NT 2000 XP hiding a partition does not affect letters assigned to other partitions As a result only hidden partition shortcuts will stop working A detailed discussion of partition letter assignment rules for various operating systems appears in 3 1 Creating A New Partition 4 2 4 Unhiding a partition Unhiding a partition is performed so an operating system can see the partition assign it a letter and provide access to its files If you need to unhide a partition 1 Select a disk and partition to unhide from the list in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 59 Manual Partition Operations 2 Select Disk gt Advanced gt Unhide or a similar item in the Advanced sidebar list or click Unhide the selected partition on the toolbar or select it from partition or the graphical representation context menu 3 By clicking OK in the Unhide Partition window you ll add the pending operation to partition unhiding your actions may only undo or modify an existing operation See 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations Unhide Partition Unhiding the selected partition Unhiding this partition may cause drive lette
108. nced 002 38 88 GB 30 44 GB FAT32 Tools Details Primary E Logical E Unallocated Selecting a partition to move 2 Select Disk gt Move or a similar item in the Operations sidebar list or click 2 Move the selected partition to another free space on the toolbar 3 Acronis Disk Director Suite will automatically compare moved partition size and available free space indicating it in the Move Partition window Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 41 Manual Partition Operations Move Partition Please specify the size and the location For the selected partition Select the unallocated space to move the selected partition rrrrrrTrT Unallocated 130 08 GB Unallocated space available for partition moving Note that the unallocated space is smaller than moved partition size but its data area is smaller than unallocated space Therefore moving the partition with its data intact is possible If there is not enough free space to copy a partition on a hard disk no unallocated space will be available for selection 4 Select free space to move the selected partition to 5 On the next wizard page select the type of moved partition Logical Primary size and location Changing partition type is not as necessary here as with partition copying see 4 1 2 Copying a partition to unallocated disk space Nevertheless Acronis Disk Director Suite gives you this added flexibility 42 Copyright
109. nction as a stand alone operating system CONFIG SYS and AUTOEXEC BAT files processing are blocked It can only boot the Windows operating system A special MS DOS 8 0 version on the Windows Me boot disk can function as a stand alone operating system but a check is built into it so that it can only be booted from a diskette B 1 3 System and Configuration Files Here is the DOS system files list O SYS mandatory for MS DOS MSDOS SYS mandatory for MS DOS 5 x 6 x IBMBIO COM mandatory for PC DOS IBMDOS COM mandatory for PC DOS DBLSPACE BIN mandatory for MS DOS 5 x 6 2 DRVSPACE BIN mandatory for MS DOS 6 22 8 0 LOGO SYS optional for MS DOS 7 x 8 0 COMMAND COM optional for all DOS versions Configuration files list MSDOS SYS for MS DOS 7 x 8 0 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 119 Particularities of Operating Systems e WINBOOT INI alternative MSDOS SYS e CONFIG SYS for all DOS versions e AUTOEXEC BAT for all DOS versions B 1 4 Limitations Different DOS versions have the following limitations e Only MS DOS 7 1 8 0 supports FAT32 along with the FAT16 file system e Only MS DOS 7 1 8 0 supports extended BIOS and hard disks larger than 8 GB but only with FAT16 LBA FAT32 LBA and EXTENDED LBA partitions This can cause conflicts with other DOS versions that are installed on the same computer e For MS DOS the boot partition should be the partition to which drive letter C is assigned otherwise the op
110. ndow Acronis Recovery Expert searches for all deleted partitions The search progress is shown in the lower part of the window Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 67 Working with Working with Acronis Recovery Expert Acronis Recovery Expert E m Searching for Deleted Partitions Acronis Recovery Expert tries to find deleted partitions You will see the partitions Found in the list below Please wait while Acronis Recovery Expert searches for deleted partitions on all the hard disk drives connected to your PC Partition Status Flags Label Capacity Free Space Type Se k Deleted 1 976 GB 1 914 GB Ext3 EE e Deleted partitions search progress The information about hard disk partitions is stored in a special disk area the 1 sector of 0 cylinder 0 head called the partition table This sector is called a boot sector or the master boot record MBR Acronis Recovery Expert not only checks the partition table for deleted partitions but also scans the entire disk surface Therefore the recovery process might take some time to complete Please note Acronis Recovery Expert may find deleted partition s almost at once in a few seconds Partition s found are then added to the list in the Searching for Deleted Partitions window The search will however continue until the entire disk is scanned for partitions In the automatic recovery mode the search must be finished before you can proceed to the nex
111. neral information Acronis OS Selector is a powerful reliable and easy to use boot manager that allows several operating systems on a single PC and lets you create different configurations for any OS installed With Acronis OS Selector you can e Install several different operating systems on a single PC e Load installed operating systems from any hard disk partition or boot the PC from bootable CD DVD e Load installed operating systems from under Windows e Install several operating systems on a Single partition e Hide or protect with a password any operating system on your PC e Duplicate installed operating systems and define different configurations for each copy 7 2 Starting the work After Acronis OS Selector is installed together with Acronis Disk Director Suite all operating systems that exist on the given PC will be automatically located and added to the boot menu The software will also automatically set the parameters and properties for every OS found see section 7 7 Setting operating system properties You can run Acronis OS Selector by clicking the respective item in the tools section of the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window sidebar or in the main menu e Acronis OS Selector can also be run as a separate application by clicking Start gt Programs gt Acronis gt Disk Director Suite gt OS Selector You can control Acronis OS Selector in two ways e From its main window under Windows e From the Acronis OS
112. ng system will be bootable when restored to its disk Changing the disk order for an operation system already installed may prevent that system from loading 7 7 5 Folders Acronis OS Selector automatically determines system folders for all Windows operating systems System folders contain files required for an operating system to work properly Windows 98 Me NT utilizes Windows and Program Files folders while Windows 2000 XP uses the above plus Documents and Settings For other operating systems e g Linux you will have to specify system folders manually using the Add button If needed you can edit the list using the Remove button Under other operating systems e g Linux OS you can add folders to the system folders list only if host partitions are FAT16 32 or NTFS Each folder in the list has its Properties section which with the help of the Enable Disable parameter allows you to specify if folder contents are to be restored at operating system bootup This can help avoid conflicts among multiple operating systems making them invisible to each other For example you will have to enable system folders recovery when installing another Windows on a partition where one Windows OS is 88 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Working with Acronis OS Selector already installed see 8 2 3 Installing another Windows on the same partition When you copy an operating system using Acronis OS Selector Copy feature the reco
113. ng a partition file system results in partition formatting i e creating partition data storage structures boot record file allocation table etc ear fryer Ele Lo Hii mM i MN 8 On the next wizard page you will be asked to select a partition letter Create Partition Wizard Logical Drive Letter Specify a drive letter For the partition Please choose a drive letter For the partition o Mo thank you I do not want to assign a letter Description Select this item iF vou want to assign a drive letter to the partition Please choose a drive letter From the list Partition Logical Drive Letter selection window At startup an operating system assigns letters C D to partitions These letters are used by applications and the operating system to locate files on partitions For example C Program Files Acronis Disk Director DiskDirector exe See also Appendix C Glossary Letter of a drive partition 24 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Automatic Partition Operations Hard disk partitions are not only assigned letters but are also numbered That means some operating system partitions are assigned letters and numbers in others only numbers Create delete and move partition operations as well as hiding unhiding a partition and direct letter change may result in problems running applications opening files as some shortcuts become unusable or booting an operating system Ther
114. nis Disk Director Suite was not able to create the partition because there is no enough Free space on the selected hard disk drive SENTS Hi 996 2MB 988 6 MB Se fboot i 196 1 MB 180 7 MB 4 811GB 3 045 GB Error message of deficient disk space for partition creation 28 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Automatic Partition Operations In this case you will have to return to the previous wizard page and select a different partition from which to take the necessary space 4 On the Partition Size wizard page enter the size of the created partition the wizard automatically determines minimum and maximum partition sizes Create Partition Wizard Partition Size Specify the created partition size Please specify the created partition size Minimum Partition J Maximum Partition Size 7 013 MB Size 4 600 GB Partition size 4 600 GB Created partition size window 5 The next wizard pages provide partition type file system letter if you work in Windows NT 2000 XP and optional labeling Further actions for partition creation are the same as described in 3 1 Creating A New Partition section Clicking Finish on the last wizard page allows Acronis Disk Director Suite to create a pending operation list for new partition creation these actions may only modify an existing operation See 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations The list will include not only the operation of partition creation itsel
115. nstall the OS By setting the target disk to be the first you will force the boot part of Windows to be installed on that disk so that the new operating system could boot even if the first disk Is damaged or removed However you may choose not to do it The new operating system will then boot from the first disk in spite of its system folders residing on another disk 8 2 5 Installing additional Windows copies In some cases you might need to install two copies of the same Windows OS e g two or more Windows XP copies each having its own properties and application sets The first way to do it is to use one of the methods described above These imply a complete OS installation The second way is simpler operating system duplication using the Operating system copy feature described in detail in section 7 13 of this guide The program will fully duplicate contents of Windows Program Files and Documents and Settings folders including all software installed into the Bootwiz folder You will be able then to remove unneeded applications from each of the systems However keep in mind that the Copy feature does not allow copying an operating system onto a specified disk or partition 8 2 6 New Operating System Wizard If you installed a new copy of Windows NT 2000 XP on your PC the New Operating System Wizard will help you set up its properties when you run Boot menu of Acronis OS Selector for the first time 102 Copyright Acronis
116. operations on that partition directly from Acronis Disk Director Suite It enables you to copy paste rename and delete files and folders create folders on the selected partition and even edit text files Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 5 Introduction e Support of boot from CD DVD in Acronis OS Selector If you insert a bootable CD DVD it will be detected and displayed in the Acronis OS Selector boot menu main window along with available operating systems The CD DVD can contain any operating system or bootable program no matter you will see its icon in the boot menu It allows you to boot or install an operating system from a CD e OS Detection Wizard The OS detection tool allows an unintentionally deleted operating system to be found and added to the OS Selector boot menu Also if an operating system on a newly connected disk was not detected automatically you can try to add it to boot menu using this tool e Boot from second HDD Generally Windows can boot from HDD only if its boot files reside on the first according to BIOS hard disk If you connect a live system HDD taken from another computer where it was the first disk to your computer where it becomes the second third etc disk boot from that HDD will be impossible even if the hardware is identical on both computers Acronis OS Selector now can manage situations like that and automatically set the disk order required for booting the selected operating s
117. operties la Advanced sy Book Configuration Partitions e Disks fim Folders Under certain circumstances it can be necessary bo Force Files hiding partitions that appear not to be hidden when using generic means this applies to Windows 2000 and possibly other systems This feature should be used with caution View and change advanced properties of the operating system 43 4 d Force hiding partitions sah Advanced properties window 7 8 Hiding operating systems If needed you can hide any operating system installed so it won t be shown in the boot menu and Operating systems section of the Acronis OS Selector main window To hide an operating system e Select an OS e Click Hide in the Edit sidebar section on the toolbar or in the Edit section of the main menu You can also hide an operating system using the context menu invoked by a right click This will hide the selected OS from the list of available ones To unhide an operating system e Select Show Hidden in the View section of Acronis OS Selector main menu to see the list of all hidden operating systems in the lower part of the Operating systems window e Select an operating system and click Unhide in the Edit sidebar section or select the respective items of the main menu Edit section or the context menu If there are other operating systems on this list you can hide them again by unchecking Show hidden in the View section of the main menu Copyri
118. or their shortcuts see section 7 9 Using shortcuts e Boot boots the selected operating system or its configuration shortcut e Set Default sets the default operating system e Set password protects the selected operating system with a password e Properties sets properties of the selected operating system Edit This section provides the following means of operating system and shortcut management e Hide hides a selected operating system or shortcut from the boot menu e Create Shortcut creates a shortcut for a selected operating system 82 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Working with Acronis OS Selector e Delete deletes a selected operating system or shortcut e Rename renames a selected OS or shortcut e Copy duplicates a selected OS or shortcut Tools e Activate OS Selector select to always display Acronis OS Selector boot menu at bootup e Deactivate OS Selector select to always boot up the specified operating system e OS Detection Wizard invokes OS Detection Wizard for detecting deleted or not determined automatically operating systems e Options sets Acronis OS Selector options Details This section provides brief context help on the selected operating system or its shortcut 7 3 Setting the Boot Menu After Acronis OS Selector is installed the boot menu is automatically activated If your CD DVD drive is set as the first bootup device in BIOS a bootable CD DVD inside the drive may pr
119. ors of a hard disk can be numbered sequentially starting with zero Such numbered sectors are called absolute Active partition One of the primary partitions of a hard disk is usually active Default MBR code tries to boot an operating system from the active partition of the first hard disk Letter assignment in Microsoft operating systems depends on which partitions are active Bad cluster A cluster that contains bad sectors Such a cluster cannot store information with possible corruption of the data Bad sector A sector that cannot store the information written for instance due to defects or aging of the magnetic surface Booting is a procedure that is executed every time a computer is turned on or an operating system finishes its work or when the reset button is pressed Booting consists of the following stages e Hardware diagnostics e Memory check e Built in BIOS initialization e Initialization of additional hardware components and their BlOSes video SCSI etc e Booting an operating system If a boot manager is installed on a computer it is booted instead of an operating system Then the boot manager boots the user selected operating system itself Boot record The initial part of a partition that contains code and data necessary for booting an operating system May consist of one or several sectors The first sector of a boot record must end with the boot sector signature OAA55h Boot sector is the first sector of a
120. ou ll be prompted to enter a password in the Password Protected window Enter Password Please enter the password If you enter a wrong password you ll be asked to re enter it Clicking Cancel will close the program If you need to change the password 1 Select Disk gt Set Password 2 Enter the old password in the Old Password field and the new password in the New Password and Confirm New Password fields in the Set Password window 3 Click OK to enable password protection If you protect Acronis Disk Director Suite with a password and forget it you will have to uninstall Disk Director Suite see 1 4 Removing Software and install it again 2 6 Viewing logs Acronis Disk Director Suite allows users to view its working logs They provide information about partition operations including reasons for failure if any To invoke the log window select Show log on the toolbar or from the Tools menu The log browsing window contains two panes the left one features the log list while the right one shows selected log contents The left panel can contain up to 50 logs If there are more you can browse the list using the More and Less buttons with the left and right arrows To delete a log select it and click Delete Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 19 Beginning The Work If any step was terminated by an error the corresponding log will be marked with a red circle with a white cross inside The right window
121. partition letter in Windows NT 2000 XP might result in problems running applications and opening files on the partition If it is a system or swap file partition it might cause OS boot problems A detailed discussion of partition letter assignment rules for various operating systems appears in 3 1 Creating A New Partition 4 2 2 Converting a file system FATI6 The main disadvantages of FAT16 are e Inability to support partitions larger than 2 GB e Inability to work with files larger than 2 GB e Inability to work with hard disks larger than 8 GB e Limited root size up to 512 elements e File names containing up to eight name symbols a dot and three extension symbols Windows NT do not have this limitation FAT32 The FAT32 file system appeared in Windows 95 OSR2 and is supported by Windows 98 Me and Windows 2000 XP Its main purpose was to remove FAT 16 limitations FAT32 is the evolution of FAT16 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 57 Manual Partition Operations The main difference between FAT32 and FAT16 Is the support of higher capacity folders files and disks and more flexible root organization that features unlimited size and long file name support For more details see A 9 File System Main Specifications Converting FAT16 to FAT32 You would convert a FAT16 partition to FAT32 in the following cases 1 If you need a partition larger than 2 GB 2 If you replace a small capacity hard disk with a high capa
122. partition or the graphical representation context menu 3 Select the necessary partition type in the Partition type window Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 63 Manual Partition Operations Partition Type Changing the selected partition type Partition Type senis rook meni Just NTFS HPFS ATs Book Als Data 5 2 BootManager FAT3Z LEA Unknowni De FAT16 LEA Partition type window 4 By clicking OK in the Partition type window you ll add the pending operation of partition type changing your actions may only undo or modify an existing operation See 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations A Attention Changing partition type might prevent some operating systems from working with it even if it is a compatible file system A Changing partition type in Windows 98 Me can hide a partition and change the order of letters assigned to other partitions As a result some shortcuts might stop working A detailed discussion of partition letter assignment rules for various operating systems appears in 3 1 Creating A New Partition 4 2 9 Resizing i node table in Linux Ext2 Ext3 In Linux Ext2 Ext3 the i node index descriptor is the main data structure describing files Each descriptor contains a file description including file type size data block pointers etc Data block addresses reserved for a file are stored in its index descriptor The space for all i nodes must be allocated in advance at formatting In the E
123. program for the first time you will be prompted to choose whether you want to work in Automatic Mode or Manual Mode Automatic Mode provides enough functionality to create almost any partition configuration on your PC hard disks If you need a detailed partition structure representation with a complete set of partition Operations and controls select Manual Mode You can switch between modes at any time see 2 1 3 Switching modes 1 8 3 Running from bootable diskettes or CD Previously we explained how to create bootable diskettes or a CD see 1 2 Installation Process While working with Acronis Disk Director Suite you may need to use the bootable media 1 after a serious Windows failure or 2 to work on a Linux based PC See also Chapter 9 Bootable Media Builder Your PC BIOS must be set correctly to boot and run the software from bootable diskettes or CD Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 11 Beginning The Work Chapter 2 Beginning The Work 2 1 Acronis Disk Director Suite Logical Organization Acronis Disk Director Suite provides two operation modes see 1 7 Running Acronis Disk Director Suite e Automatic partition operations mode is designed for the most frequent operations suitable for the majority of users e Manual partition operations mode for any partition operations This mode is intended for experienced users with some knowledge of disk data storage Organization it provides full ope
124. r partition creation or resizing You can easily verify your actions by looking at the Pending Operations when the wizard finishes its work You can also create a partition by selecting Disk gt Create Partition This requires a list of actions to be performed enter a label select partition type file system size and location resulting in the creation of a single partition create operation only The difference between user actions and partition operations should be kept in mind if you wish to undo user actions Any user action in Acronis Disk Director Suite can be undone or redone before committing the operation To undo a user action e Select Operations gt Undo from the main menu or press Ctr1 2 e Click the 2 Undo Last Action toolbar button To redo a user action e Select Operations gt Redo from the main menu or press Ctr1 Y Click the Redo Last Action toolbar button As user actions result in creating pending partition operations as mentioned above undoing them results in canceling one or more partition operations And conversely redoing a user action results in the addition of one or more pending operations Depending on the situation undoing an action may cancel a pending operation or undo changes of an existing operation see 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations Similarly redoing an action might add a pending operation to the list again or redo a change of a pending operation parameter
125. r partitions As a result some shortcuts might stop working A detailed discussion of partition letter assignment rules for various operating systems appears in 3 1 Creating A New Partition 4 1 2 Copying a partition to unallocated disk space The reasons for copying a partition were discussed above see 3 3 Copying Partitions Partition copy can be used e Asa partition backup or rather a data backup e Asa system partition backup if you want to upgrade the existing operating system e To quickly move all data from the old disk to the new 38 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Manual Partition Operations If you need to copy a partition 1 Select a hard disk and a partition to copy 72 Acronis Disk Director Suite E Disk View Operations Wizards Tools Help ES EEE IET ESE A E OTE EE S Flags Capacity Free Space Type Wizards sf Create Partition 4 Increase Free Space yj Copy Partition gt Recover Partitions ANTES 3 Pri Act 7 002 GB 1 838 GB NTFS 2 Unallocated 38 88 GB Unallocated e Acronis Secure Zone 30 44 GB 25 15 GB FAT32 Disk 2 Operations 2 NTES C Pri Act 14 6566 8 679 GB NTFS S Copy Se NTFS E 33 99 GB 13 GB NTFS E Move NTFS F 9 958GB 9 906 GB NTFS Resize e Data_Sample G 4 88GB 4 798 GB NTFS Q Change Label S NTFS H 4 88 GB 788 1 MB NTFS 2 Format e None 1 7 974 GB FS None Partition 0x6 FAT16 X Delete z Split YE Merge Y Check Q Defragment
126. ragmentation window 4 Defragmentation results are shown in the Defragment Partition window Defragment Partition Windows Disk Defragmenter Copyright fc 2001 Microsoft Corp and Executive Software International Inc Analysis Report 4 05 GB Total 3 54 GB 87 Free 13 Fragmented 26 File Fragmentation Defragmentation Report 4 05 GB Total 3 54 GB 87 Free 0 Fragmented 0 File Fragmentation Partition defragmentation results window 4 1 13 Wiping unallocated hard disk space PC hard disks can contain a substantial amount of confidential information Often users forget that private information must be completely destroyed to avoid unauthorized access to it simply deleting an old file is not sufficient Windows tools do not guarantee data destruction Deleted files can be restored easily Formatting and even deleting a partition leaves hard disk sector contents the same Acronis Disk Director Suite offers a simple but reliable algorithm for wiping hard disk unallocated space If you need to wipe unallocated disk space 1 Select a hard disk and unallocated space in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window Wipe unallocated space becomes available on the toolbar 54 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Manual Partition Operations 2 Select Disk gt Wipe or a similar item in the Operations sidebar list or click s Wipe the selected unallocated space on the toolbar 3 In the Wipe Unallocated Space windo
127. rational control 2 1 1 Automatic partition operations In this mode all actions are performed through task based wizards e Create partition wizard enables you to create a partition from unallocated disk space or other partitions e Increase free space wizard enables you to enlarge a partition at the expense of unallocated disk space or other partitions e Copy partition wizard enables you to copy a partition e Recover partitions wizard enables you to recover any deleted or damaged partitions Working with Recover partitions wizard is described in detail in a separate chapter of this guide See Chapter 5 Working with Acronis Recovery Expert With these wizards even an inexperienced user will be able to perform the recovery operations using step by step instructions 2 1 2 Manual partition operations In this mode experienced users have access to all Acronis Disk Director Suite features Partition operations are performed by entering necessary parameters into dialog boxes The main difference between the automatic and manual modes is that wizards perform operations series in the automatic mode and only single disk partition operations in the manual mode 2 1 3 Switching modes Having selected an operation mode during installation see 1 2 Installation Process you can switch to another mode at any time Select View gt Automatic Mode for the automatic mode or View gt Manual Mode for the manual 12 Copyright
128. rdware is identical on both computers OS Selector can manage situations like that and automatically set the disk order required for booting the selected operating system Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 87 Working with Acronis OS Selector Edit Operating System Properties Windows AP Professional English View and change the operating system properties ce Operating System Properties General Properties et Disks sy Book Configuration Partitions e Disks a Folders Specify boot order manually L Files The list below displays Fixed disks that are attached to your Advanced computer In the list disks are arranged in order in which this computer uses them For booting the selected operating system View properties and optionally change boot order of hard disk drives in your computer Mame Capacity BIOS Mumber State Hard disk 1 76 34 GB 126 Hard disk 2 76 34 GB 129 Apply Disks properties window Moreover you can choose the disk order when installing a new Windows operating system so that its boot files are installed on the same disk where its main part resides see 8 2 4 Installing another Windows on a different disk Doing so makes operating systems on your first second and so on disks fully independent You will be able for example to boot from the second disk even if the first one is damaged or disconnected You also will be able to individually back up and restore each system disk every operati
129. re such as Acronis Disk Director Suite It lets you resize move hide partitions set them as active copy and perform other operations without losing any data or causing any OS and application workability problems A 4 Primary Partitions A primary hard disk partition can contain the operating system applications and user data files Only one primary partition can be set as active in a given PC session Most operating systems can boot from a primary partition only If you want to use several operating systems you might have to create several primary partitions 112 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Hard Disk And File Systems A 5 Extended Partitions The extended hard disk partition was developed as a way to avoid the four primary partitions limit The extended partition is used only for creating a desired number of logical partitions An extended partition does not contain any data directly A 6 Logical Partitions An extended partition can be divided into any number of logical partitions these are similar to primary partitions in that they can contain operating systems applications and user data Primary partitions should be used for booting operating systems system files and folders Logical partitions can contain any other information as they are accessible by most Operating systems If you need several operating systems you should use logical partitions for booting purposes and leave primary partitions free
130. reate a partition using both unallocated disk space and the space of existing partitions see 3 1 Creating A New Partition It will enable you to create a partition on unallocated space only If there is no such space it should be provided by resizing and moving existing partitions If you need to create a disk partition 1 Select hard disk and unallocated space in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window The Create partition button will become available on the toolbar and the Create Partition operation on the sidebar and in the context menu ze Acronis Disk Director Suite Disk View Operations Wizards Tools Help CANET TERESA Partition Flags Capacity Free Space Type Disk 1 Wizards sf Create Partition e Increase Free Space xj Copy Partition Recover Partitions NTFS J Pri Act 7 002 GB 1 838 GB NTFS 2 Unallocated 38 88 GB Unallocated S Acronis Secure Zone 30 44 GB 25 15 GB FAT32 Disk 2 Operations ole NTFS C Pri Act 14 65GB 8 679 GB NTFS 3 Create Partition S NTFS E 33 99 GB 13 GB NTFS wipe lt NTES F 9 958GB 9 906 GB NTFS 4 Properties lt Data_Sample G 4 88GB 4 798 GB NTFS lt NTFS H 4 88GB 788 1 MB NTFS Advanced None 1 7 974 GB FS None Partition 0x6 FAT16 w Recover y Edit Tools 3 Bootable Media Builder EJ OS Selector E show Log H if il J Unallocated H ACRONIS SZ Deta i 002 38 88 GB 30 44GB FAT32 gt unallocated Unallocated
131. reside in the following folders e System its name can be set during installation its default value is Winnt e Applications in English and most Eastern Windows versions its name is Program Files in other Western Windows versions this folder has other names e Personal documents and settings in English and most Eastern Windows versions Its name is Documents and Settings in other Western Windows versions this folder has other names Because the application folder name cannot be changed the ability of several operating systems to have folders with the same names on a partition was added to Acronis Disk Director Suite Such folders are called system folders A system folder is moved to its place root folder only when the corresponding operating system is booted otherwise it remains in the OS Selector system folder The above mentioned folders are added to the system folders list automatically when an Operating system is detected Nevertheless you can always manually edit this list by running Setup from Boot Menu and editing the properties of the selected operating system For example sometimes it is useful to add the Recycle folder SS Acronis Disk Director Suite can manage the Windows NT 2000 XP system folders only if they reside on a FAT16 FAT32 partition B 3 5 Limitations Different Windows NT 2000 XP versions have the following limitations e For any Windows NT 2000 XP version the boot partition
132. roperties are avallable in the Options gt Display properties section 96 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Working with Acronis OS Selector Resolution you can manually set the resolution you want provided that it s Supported by your graphics card and monitor and ranges from VGA 640 x 480 to SXGA 1280 x 1024 Bit depth you can set the number of colors displayed choosing among Low 8 bit 256 colors Medium 16 bit 65 536 colors and High 24 bit 16 777 216 colors Refresh rate you can manually set the display refresh rate which is set to 60Hz by default If you select Optimal the program will determine your graphics configuration automatically and set the maximum available refresh rate The maximum rate that can be set manually is 150Hz 7 14 4 Passwords You can set change or remove Acronis OS Selector global passwords including Boot menu password asked for each time Acronis OS Selector starts except for cases when the boot menu is disabled to boot the default operating system immediately Administrator password required when a user tries to change any options and settings of Acronis OS Selector and operating systems To disable global passwords leave both input fields blank Acronis OS Selector Options View and change the Acronis 05 Selector options O Options aC General Options i Passwords k Startup Options Set the Acronis OS Selector passwords 4 Display Properties i Boot
133. rs to changed Are vou sure You want to unhide the partition Cancel Unhide partition window The partition Hid label will disappear from the Flags field Note that the Advanced gt Unhide sidebar item is changed to Advanced gt Hide after you select a hidden partition from the list The partition context menu changes the same If you unhide the only primary partition on a disk it will be set active A Unhiding a partition in Windows 98 Me can change the order of letters assigned to other partitions As a result some shortcuts might stop working A detailed discussion of partition letter assignment rules for various operating systems appears in 3 1 Creating A New Partition 4 2 5 Setting active partition If you have several primary partitions you must specify one to be the boot partition For this you can set a partition to active A disk can have only one active partition If you need to set an active partition 1 Select a primary partition to set to active from the list in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window 2 Select Disk gt Advanced gt Set Active or a similar item in the Advanced sidebar list JA Egu J or click Set the selected partition as active on the toolbar or select it from partition or the graphical representation context menu 60 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Manual Partition Operations Set Active Partition Setting the selected partition as active
134. s Inc 2000 2009 Table 1 Windows file systems File system Operating systems Max partition size Max file size Max file name length Restoration logging Max files in root Max clusters blocks Cluster block size File record table l node Table 2 Linux file systems File system Operating systems Max partition size Max file size Max file name length Restoration logging Max files in root Max clusters blocks Cluster block size File record table l node FAT16 Almost all 4 GB 2 GB for Windows 950SR2 98 Me Limited by partition size 255 No Set at formatting 7 16 512 Bytes 64 KB No Ext2 Linux 16 TB Limited by partition size 255 No Unlimited 732 1 4 KB Set at formatting FAT32 Windows 9505R2 98 Me 2000 XP Linux 2 TB 4 GB 255 No Unlimited 72 512 bytes 64 KB No Ext3 Linux 16 TB Limited by partition size 255 Yes Unlimited 732 1 4 KB Set at formatting Hard Disk And File Systems NTFS Windows NT 2000 XP Linux for reading 16 EB Limited by partition size 32767 Yes Unlimited 74 512 bytes 64 KB Dynamic ReiserFS Linux 16 TB Limited by partition size 255 Yes Unlimited 732 4 KB Dynamic In case you ve forgotten your computer engineering units 1 Kbyte 1024 Bytes 1 Mbyte 1024 Kbytes 1 Gbyte 1024 Mbytes 1 Tbyte 2 Gbytes 1024 Gbytes 1 Pb
135. s QNX Below you will find instructions for some of the most typical situations related to adding a second OS to a PC that already has one installed Please be aware that peculiarities of some operating systems may place additional limitations and or require additional actions We recommend that you look into Appendix B Particularities of Operating Systems RS Please note that a newly installed operating system will be set as the default in the Acronis OS Selector boot menu If you require another OS to have this status you will have to adjust the respective operating system properties see 7 5 Setting an operating system as the default 8 1 1 Reactivating the Acronis OS Selector boot menu Because operating systems can change the Master Boot Record MBR during installation Acronis OS Selector which also uses the MBR might become inoperable Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 99 Installing and using several operating systems on a single PC If this happens you won t have to reinstall Acronis OS Selector but you will have to restore it by reactivating from a backup bootable disk for more details see Chapter 9 Bootable Media Builder After loading it select Activate OS Selector in the Tools section of the main menu Besides automatic reactivation is provided for Windows 98 operating system To do this Acronis OS Selector adds a REINSTAL COM launch line into AUTOEXEC BAT that restores Acronis OS Selector MBR
136. s 16 771 923 20 964 824 Disk Edit View Search Help OS SHbHIPLXO Cyrillic DOS 866 v Boot patch flags W Fati6 ms pos W FaT32 v osf2 05 2 patch OFCH OS Selector checksu Warning Os Selector structure size Sector 16 771 923 has been modified Do you wish to save it Yes End End cylinder head sect cylinder head s 372 121 51 100 109 Windows NT serial numbe OS Selector serial numbe D65h NetWare 3 x OGER Unknown 97 115 32 107 049h Unknown 343 83 DACh Unknown 784 885 K 0 0O 0O Partition table signature 04455h 104455h lt Iii Sector 16 771 923 Position 450 View Partition table Saving modified sector 6 5 Write Block to a File and Read from a File The Write to file and Read from file menu items allow you to save the selected block to a file or to read the block from a file and save it to a disk sector The selection of the Write to file item results in opening the Write to file window the block to be saved should already be selected In this window enter the file name and its path or locate a file by clicking the Browse button The file size will be calculated automatically To save a file click the ox button 76 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Working with Acronis Disk Editor 7 Acronis Disk Editor disk 2 se
137. s of the operating system kernel loader NTLDR which is also a simple boot manager its configuration file BOOT INI and initial hardware detection code NTDETECT COM The partition where the boot part resides is called Windows NT 2000 boot partition The loader usually opens a simple menu from which you can choose Windows NT 2000 configuration or some other operating system whose boot sector is stored in a file Main Windows NT 2000 parts reside in the WINNT system folder this can be assigned during installation and in the application folder Program Files usually whose name cannot be changed A partition where the main part of the operating system resides is called the system folder partition Multiple operating systems of Windows 95 98 Me and Windows NT 2000 may conflict because of the application folder see B 2 3 System Folders It is possible for several different Windows NT 2000 XP to be booted from a single loader B 3 3 System and Configuration Files Windows NT 2000 XP system files list Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 121 Particularities of Operating Systems e NTLDR mandatory e BOOTFONT BIN mandatory for those language versions that use their own font e NTDETECT COM mandatory e NTBOOTDD SYS mandatory if the system folder partition cannot be accessed with usual BIOS hard disk access function Configuration files list e BOOT INI mandatory B 3 4 System Folders The major parts of Windows NT 2000 XP
138. ster Size Waste lt 127 MB 2 KB 2 128 255 MB 4 KB 4 256 511 MB 8 KB 10 512 1023 MB 16 KB 25 1024 2047 MB 32 KB 40 2048 4096 MB 64 KB 50 Like many others the FAT16 file system has a root folder Unlike others however its root folder is stored in a special place and is limited in size standard formatting produces a 512 item root folder Initially FAT16 had limitations to file names that could only be eight characters long plus a dot plus three characters of name extension However long name support in Windows 95 and Windows NT bypasses this limitation 116 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Hard Disk And File Systems A 9 3 FAT32 The FAT32 file system appeared in Windows 95 OSR2 and is also supported by Windows 98 Me and Windows 2000 XP FAT32 grew out of FAT16 The main differences between FAT32 and FAT16 are 28 bit cluster numbers and more flexible root folder implementation which is not limited in size The reason for FAT32 is the necessity to support large larger than 8 GB hard disks and the inability to build any more complex file system into MS DOS which is still in the core of Windows 95 98 ME The maximum size of FAT32 file system size is 2 Terabytes A 9 4 NTFS NTFS is the primary file system for Windows NT 2000 XP Its structure is closed so no other operating system fully supports it The main structure of NTFS is the master file table or MFT NTFS stores a copy of the critical part of the MFT to reduc
139. t below The selected partitions will be marked Undeleted Note that in case you have intersected partitions only one of them can be recovered The partitions which intersect the selected partition will be marked Invalid Partition Status Flags Label Capacity Free Space Type Se kK Deleted 1 976 GB 1 914 GB Ext3 A deleted hard disk partition found by Acronis Recovery Expert Unlike in the automatic recovery mode you do not have to wait until the search for deleted hard disk partitions is finished in the manual mode As a found partition or multiple partitions are added to the list you can select them for immediate recovery Selecting a partition enables the next button Clicking it you ll stop the search and proceed to recovery A t a e mri N Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 71 Working with Working with Acronis Recovery Expert The manual recovery mode allows you to select all found partitions for recovery For example if one of your partitions was deleted intentionally and another by mistake the manual mode enables you to select and recover only the partition you deleted by mistake Partitions are selected for recovery by clicking them Click the partition rectangle to select the deleted partition and continue recovery Acronis Recovery Expert E Searching for Deleted Partitions Acronis Recovery Expert tries to find deleted partitions You will see the partitions found in the list below
140. t recovery steps The Next button becomes enabled only after the progress bar is full in the Searching for Deleted Partitions window The manual mode however enables you to work at once see 5 2 Manual Recovery Partitions found during the search are shown in the list with their main parameters e number e status e label e Capacity e partition free space e file system Please note Found partitions are automatically added to the list during the search 68 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Working with Acronis Recovery Expert S Acronis Recovery Expert E Searching for Deleted Partitions Acronis Recovery Expert tries to find deleted partitions You will see the partitions found in the list below Please wait while Acronis Recovery Expert searches for deleted partitions on all the hard disk drives connected to your PC Partition Status Flags Label Capacity Free Space Search is completed Please press Next to proceed with undeleting A deleted partition found Note that you do not have to select partitions for recovery in the automatic mode Acronis Recovery Expert will recover all partitions found The Recovered Partitions window shows a partition to recover as a part of hard disk partition structure marking it with an icon in the upper right corner of its rectangle Acronis Recovery Expert E Recovered Partitions You can see the structure of your hard disk drive s after recoverin
141. t the work of various modes Below the main window of the program is the view as partition table mode Acronis Disk Editor disk 2 sectors 16 771 923 20 964 824 7 Disk Edit view Search Help DIBIILRIO Cyrillic DOS 866 v OS Selector boot disk 07Ch Boot patch flags W raTr16 ms Dos W FaT32 V 05 2 05 2 patch 0FCh OS Selector checksum OSEh Valid OBDh OS Selector structure size 60376 Valid 14 Windows NT serial number O6F4E0D2Fh OS Selector serial number 02D6Eh Partition type Boot Begin Begin Begin End End End cylinder head sect cylinder head sect a72 li21 51 100 109 pesh NetWare 3 x ee SOOO 06Eh Unknown 97 ras a2 Jfioz fizi s2 1049h Unknown 343 79 20 83 90 ES DACh Unknown 784 z lha lees li32 Partition table signature 04455h o4assh lt gt Sector 16 771 923 Position 450 View Partition table The main window in the view as partition table mode To make the information contained in this field sensible the current sector should be the MBR or the extended partition table The next figure shows the partition table as a single dump hexadecimal byte values are on the left and the corresponding characters are on the right Acronis Disk Editor disk 2 sectors 16 771 923 20 964 824 y Disk Edit View Search Help Do 00 o0
142. ta blocks using Edit menu in the view as hex mode Acronis Disk Editor disk 2 se Disk Edit view Search Help Mark Block Ctrl B Cyrillic ij Write to file Read From file BA 0 bp pp ee OO AE OO 4 51 DO 52 00 53 00 5 Edit menu Any view mode allows you to select blocks with the help of the mouse by clicking and holding its left button or with the help of the keyboard advancing the window with Shift key pressed When viewing in hex mode simply changing data in the hexadecimal or character area in the main window or in any fields of other view modes will not change the given disk sector To execute the changes you must save them first After making changes you will Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 75 Working with Acronis Disk Editor see that the Save sector item in Edit menu will become enabled as well as the appropriate toolbar button If you do not save your changes you effectively reject them Acronis Disk Editor disk 2 Disk Edit View Search Help WY Undo Ctrl Z h Undo all Mark Block Ctrl B Cyrillic lel ee 1040 jj Save sector Ctrl 5 men Ed write to File 1070 A Read From file JOGO DAD 51 00 52 00 53 00 Save sector operation If you have made changes in a hard disk sector and decide to exit the editor without saving them you will see a warning about saving your changes gt Acronis Disk Editor disk 2 sector
143. tains the Windows files and folders Using the Custom installation option you will be able to select the location of the BOOTWIZ folder This might come in handy when a system partition is accidentally destroyed or damaged In that case you will be able to access the Acronis OS Selector boot menu even if the system partition is inaccessible From this menu you can run the standalone version of Acronis Disk Director Suite saved in the BOOTWIZ folder as well to create and restore partitions and access the Acronis Disk Editor tool 1 4 Upgrading Acronis Disk Director Suite If you already have Acronis Disk Director Suite installed on your PC the installation program will automatically find it and prompt you on its replacement with the new version Software upgrades with certain bug fixes may be downloaded free from the Acronis Web site http www acronis com support updates 1 5 Removing Software To remove Acronis Disk Director Suite select Start gt Settings gt Control Panel gt Add or Remove Programs gt Acronis Disk Director Suite gt Remove You will see a dialog to confirm removal Click Yes to confirm and Acronis Disk Director Suite will be completely removed along with Acronis OS Selector Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 9 Installation and Use To remove Acronis OS Selector only select Start gt Programs gt Acronis gt Acronis DiskDirector gt Install Acronis OS Selector Then select Uninstall Acron
144. te will only show the new partition structure that is provided by operations to be performed Therefore you can view the graphical representation of the new partition structure first and then decide whether to perform or cancel specific operations Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 15 Beginning The Work 2 4 3 Viewing delayed operations All pending operations are added to the pending operations list You can view it in the Pending Operations window by clicking Operations gt Show Pending Operations Acronis Disk Director Suite is ready to proceed with physical data O processing Here is the list of operations to be completed Operation 1 of 2 Deleting partition Hard disk 1 Drive letter a File system FAT16 Volume label Size 462 8 MB Operation 2 of 2 Converting partition Hard disk 1 Drive letter E File system FAT16 gt FAT3Z volume label Pending operations list This organization enables you to control all planned operations double check your intended work and undo operations fully or partially if needed 2 4 4 Performing pending operations To execute planned hard disk operations the user has to select one of the two following commands e Select Operations gt Commit in the main menu e Click sl Commit Pending Operations toolbar button To prevent you from performing any unintentional change on your disk the program will first display the list of all pending operations Clicking Proceed w
145. the spindle are used to store data All tracks that have the Same number on all the surfaces of all disks comprise a cylinder For each work surface of a disk in the drive there is a head that enables reading and writing data from to the disk Heads are assembled into a block and are numbered starting with 0 To perform an elementary read or write operation the head block should be positioned at the necessary cylinder When the appropriate sector with the appropriate number in the service area of the rotating disks approaches the head data is exchanged between the head and the electronic circuit board of the disk drive Sector structure of a hard disk is created via low level formatting during which each of the tracks of the disk is marked up This process generally takes place when the drive Is manufactured Modern disk drives usually contain relatively few magnetic disks 1 2 to make the head block lighter and speed up access to sectors a drive like this has 2 4 heads respectively There can be up to several tens of thousands of cylinders per disk The greater the amount of data that can be stored on one side of a disk the more cylinders can be created on it and the larger the capacity of the disk This design has a lot of technical implementation peculiarities but those issues are not germane to this explanation 110 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Hard Disk And File Systems A 2 Hard Disk Partition After low level form
146. tion where the operating system which you want bo Saas detect resides oe y Choose the partition From the list and mark it as bootable by clicking Bootable Also you can set up options of other available partitions These options will be applied to the partitions each time the configured operating system is booted Capacity Free Space Type ele NTFS 4 Pri Act Boot 7 00 GB O bytes NTFS Sel NTFS Ks 30 500 GB O bytes NTFS e Acronis Secure Zone 30 44 GE O bytes FAT3Z Disk 2 Pri Act 14 65 Gb O bytes NTFS Selecting the partition where to search an OS e f you selected Detect OS in MBR or on a FAT hard disk partition select if you want to use Boot sector on partition or Boot sector in file Generally the first setting Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 93 Working with Acronis OS Selector will be enough Having selected the second you will have to specify a path to the file containing a previously saved boot sector of the detected operating system RS You can save boot sectors by means of Acronis Disk Editor In addition Windows sometimes creates boot sector copies itself For example Windows XP being installed over Windows 98 creates bootsec dos file containing the Windows 98 boot sector e Next you will see a list of detected operating systems Click Finish to add them to the Acronis OS Selector boot menu and main window 7 12 Renaming operating systems Acronis OS Selector users can assign
147. tions From the list of available partitions to take the free space From then press Next Partition Flags Capacity Free Space Type Disk 2 he System 6 Pri Act 7 813 MB Se Program Hi 6 013 GB 5 981 GB Gel Datal 1 1 999 GB 0 06 56 FATE Se Dataz iJi 4 703 GB 4 677 GB NTFS The page to select a partition which will be partly used for a copy location If you do not select a partition to be partly used as the copy location on the Select Partitions wizard page and there is not enough unallocated disk space you will see an error message Create Partition Wizard Select Partitions n Select your partitions to take the free space From Ses Please select partitions From the list of available partitions to take the Free space From Error Acronis Disk Director Suite was not able to create the partition because there is no enough Free space on the selected hard disk drive Se NTFS Hi 996 2 MB 983 6MB NTFS 2 boot i 196 1 MB 180 7MB Ext3 4 811GB 3 045GB Ext3 Error message showing not enough disk space for a partition copy In that case the wizard will prompt you to select a partition from which to take some space If there is not enough space the partition will not be copied 2 On the next Partition Size wizard page you can provide a desired size The wizard will automatically determine the minimum and maximum copy size Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 35 Automatic Partition Operations Copy Par
148. tition whether intentionally or by mistake its space becomes unallocated You can create a new partition using unallocated space only 66 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Working with Acronis Recovery Expert Acronis Recovery Expert checks to see if your hard disks contain unallocated space If you have none then it makes no sense to search for deleted partitions If you have unallocated space it may have contained one or more partitions Acronis Recovery Expert will search unallocated space thoroughly either automatically or manually 5 1 Automatic Recovery You can recover deleted partitions automatically or manually To do so set the switch to the necessary position in the Recovery mode window Let us describe automatic partition recovery first Set the switch to Automatic Acronis Recovery Expert Recovery Mode You can choose between Fully automated and manual recovery modes Please select the recovery mode you wish to work under You can find the description of each in the selection below Automatic Manual Description In this mode Acronis Recovery Expert tries to find the deleted partitions on all hard disk drives connected to your PC The discovered partitions will be recovered automatically Note that it is not always possible to recover all partitions in the automatic mode In such cases please use the Manual mode Selecting Automatic recovery mode In the next Searching for Deleted Partitions wi
149. tition Wizard Partition Size Specify the created partition size Please specify the created partition size Minimum Partition i Maximum Partition Size 7 044 ME Size 4 600 6 Partition size 1 976 GB The page for partition copy size selection The minimum copy size is determined by the data area size of a copied partition The maximum size is determined by the available disk space It includes the space taken from a partition and unallocated disk space By copying a partition at the expense of existing partition free space Acronis Disk Director Suite can take the partition space to make sure that partition size is not smaller than 110 of data occupied space 3 On the next Partition Type wizard page you can select partition copy type Active Primary and Logical As a rule Primary is selected if a partition contains an operating system If a partition is intended for data storage you should select Logical Select Active if you want to boot the partition s operating system at startup By copying a partition at the expense of existing partition free space Acronis Disk Director Suite can take the partition space to make sure that partition size is not smaller than 110 of data occupied space Further actions for copying a partition are the same as described in sections 4 7 of 3 1 Creating A New Partition Copying a partition in Windows 98 Me and assigning it a letter can change the order of AM letters
150. tive for the new operating system When installing a new OS from CD select the CD item in the Operating systems area of the Acronis OS Selector main window When installing a new OS from diskettes create a new Boot from floppy item by selecting OS gt New gt Boot from floppy in the Menu line Then right click on that item select from the context menu Operating System Properties gt Partitions and flag the partition you want the OS on as Active e Reboot and select your CD or floppy bootup from the boot menu having inserted the disk with the OS distribution e Once booted from a disk follow instructions to install the OS During installation the Windows bootable part will automatically place itself on the primary partition you have previously set as active When you boot either version of Windows using Acronis OS Selector later each OS in the list will recognize the partition where its bootable part is located as active 8 2 3 Installing another Windows on the same partition In some cases a user might want to install several operating systems onto the same partition This is usually not possible due to system files conflicts and even operating systems from the same developer require different partitions for installation Acronis OS Selector enables you to avoid this restriction easily by protecting system files and folders of various OS from each other To install a new OS onto a partition where another operating system exis
151. to change its type again Copy Partition Please specify the size and the location For the copy of selected partition Copy as Logical Partitio Size and Position Minimum size 62 75 MB Maximum size 33 35 OB Unallocated space before 0 bytes Partition size 4 88 GB Unallocated space after 34 GB E Entering partition copy parameters The size and location of a partition copy can be provided with a mouse or by entering data into the Unallocated space before Partition size and Unallocated space after fields 6 By clicking OK in the Copy Partition wizard you ll add the pending operation of partition copying and location your actions may only undo or modify already existing operation see 2 4 5 Modifying pending operations The new partition structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window Copying a partition in Windows 98 Me and assigning it a letter can change the order of letters assigned to other partitions As a result some shortcuts might stop working A detailed discussion of partition letter assignment rules for various operating systems appears in 3 1 Creating A New Partition 4 1 3 Moving a partition to unallocated disk space You might need to move a partition to e Change order of letters assigned by operating system 40 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Manual Partition Operations For example Windows 98 Me unlike Windows NT 2
152. tor is able to protect system folders automatically when a new operating system is detected 94 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Working with Acronis OS Selector System folder protection is required when multiple OSes are on a single PC especially in situations when several operating systems are located on the same hard disk partition Acronis OS Selector Options View and change the Acronis 05 Selector options O Options om oy General Options Xej General Options k Startup Options 4 Display Properties oy Passwords Acronis 05 Selector is able to automatically protect y Input Devices system folders when a new operating system is detected To choose suitable configuration click one of the options below View and change Acronis 05 Selector general options Yes protect folders a Mo do not protect Folders Description Acronis 05 Selector will not enable Folder protection when new operating systems are detected C o Cane a e General options window To choose a suitable configuration click one of the options below e Yes protect folders folders protection will be enabled automatically when new operating systems are detected Settings for the existing operation systems will be left intact e No do not protect folders Acronis OS Selector will not enable folder protection when new operating systems are detected 7 14 2 Startup Options In this section you can set Acronis OS Selector bootup b
153. ts some version of Windows 98 Me or NT 2000 XP you need to do the following e Select Tools gt Options gt General options and flag Yes protect folders e Inthe active OS Properties select Folders and enable the restoring of each system folder contents at system start Folders Properties see 7 7 5 Folders After that system files and folders of an existing OS will be stored in BOOTWIZ folder and made inaccessible for other OS installed e Reboot the PC to finish the configuration Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 101 Installing and using several operating systems on a single PC e Now you can start installing a new OS in the ordinary way from a bootable diskette or CD or from under Windows 8 2 4 Installing another Windows on a different disk To install a new Windows OS onto a different disk do the following When installing a new OS from CD select the CD item in the Operating systems area of Acronis OS Selector main window When installing a new OS from diskettes create a new Boot from floppy item by selecting OS gt New gt Boot from floppy in the Menu line e Then right click on that item select from the context menu Operating System Properties gt Disks and set the target disk where the new OS will be installed to be the first e Reboot and select your CD or floppy bootup from the boot menu having inserted the disk with the OS distribution e Once booted from a disk follow instructions to i
154. vation program called lilo and the process itself is called activation Since this program is run from Linux the features of the latter allow it to easily locate any file on a disk The disadvantage of such a technique manifests itself when a Linux partition is moved or reduced in size In that case Linux becomes unbootable and a Linux boot floppy is required to reactivate the loader B 5 Other Operating Systems Other operating systems are usually installed on their own file systems They can have limitations to the location of the boot partition and support of other file systems It is useful to know this information prior to installing a new operating system on the computer Acronis Disk Director Suite automatically detects even operating systems unknown to tt if they are booted from the boot sector Some modern operating systems have special means allowing them to be booted directly from Windows among them BeOS and QNX We recommend that you do not use other partition management software that may be Supplied with operating systems together with Acronis Disk Director Suite s OS Selector since they frequently make incorrect changes to the partition structure If you need to create a separate partition to install a new operating system it is best to use Acronis Disk Director Suite s OS Selector Disk Administrator Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 123 Glossary Appendix C Glossary Absolute sector All the sect
155. ve by yourself using this manual and the readme txt file e mail the technical support team You will need to provide the serial number of your Acronis Disk Director Suite copy bundled with the program Before you do this you will have to register your copy at http www acronis com homecomputing my products registration Support URL http www acronis com homecomputing my support Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 7 Installation and Use Chapter 1 I nstallation and Use 1 1 System Requirements To take full advantage of Acronis Disk Director Suite you should have e A PC compatible computer with a Pentium or similar CPU 128 MB RAM A floppy or a CD RW DVD RW drive A mouse recommended 1 2 Supported Operating Systems Windows NT 4 0 SP 6 Windows 2000 Professional SP 4 Windows XP SP 2 Windows Vista all editions 1 3 Installation Process 1 3 1 Acronis Disk Director Suite installation To install Acronis Disk Director Suite 1 Run the installation program T Install Acronis Disk Director Suite Acronis Disk Director Suite User s Guide Acronis Technical Support Disk Director Suite WWW acronis com Install Acronis Disk Director Suite to manage partitions on hard disks in this computer 2 Follow the setup program instructions 3 You will be prompted to choose Typical Custom or Complete installation If you pick Custom you can choose not to install the Bootable Media Builder a tool for cre
156. very option enables automatically Edit Operating System Properties Windows AP Professional English rh View and change the operating system properties e E Operating System Properties Ed General Properties E Folders s Boot Configuration e Partitions Disks Folders Folders associated with the operating system L Files Folders You can add remove or change the properties of Folders associated with the operating system Advanced Dc WIND y s i Remove O c Program Files 5 C Documents and Settings ssa Folders properties window e Enable enable folder contents recovery at bootup e Disable leave folder contents as Is 7 7 6 Files This section allows you to specify the location of system files required by the given Operating system and edit these files Examples of systems files might be command com config sys msdos sys and autoexec bat For all Windows operating systems the list of system files is populated automatically and can be changed if needed Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 89 Working with Acronis OS Selector Edit Operating System Properties Windows AP Professional English View and change the operating system properties 2 Operating System Properties ma General Properties F Files ay Boot Configuration e Partitions e Disks 3 Folders Files associated with this operating system 4 Files Advanced Cintldr You can add remove or change the files
157. w enter a number of disk passes up to 99 r5 For information about the Acronis Disk Director Suite data wiping algorithm see the commentary for 4 1 10 Deleting a partition Wipe Unallocated Space Wiping the selected unallocated space by over writing ik in several Passes Over riting passes la E Hard disk passes number window 4 By clicking Ok you ll add a pending operation of unallocated disk space wiping 4 1 14 Clearing a hard disk Acronis Disk Director Suite lets you clear not only unallocated disk space but an entire disk as well If you need to clear the entire hard disk 1 Select a hard disk on the Tree View panel of Acronis Disk Director Suite Clear the current hard disk drive button becomes available on the toolbar if there is no Tree View panel in the main window show it by selecting View gt Tree View 2 Select Disk gt Clear or a similar item in the Operations sidebar list or click Clear the current hard disk drive on the toolbar 3 Select the clearing method in the Clear Hard Drive window you can 1 just delete hard disk partitions without wiping disk sectors set the switch to Delete partitions 2 delete hard disk partitions and fully clear hard disk sectors set the switch to Delete partitions and destroy data Having set the switch to Delete partitions and destroy data enter the number of passes for wiping Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 55 Manual P
158. xt2 Ext3 file systems the maximum number of files is set at formatting The bytes per a single i node value indicates the average partition file size If there are many small files there must be many descriptors each of which occupies some space Large files require fewer descriptors Acronis Disk Director Suite enables you to resize i node tables of existing partitions to change the maximum file amount on them If you need to resize an i node table of an existing Linux Ext2 Ext3 partition 1 Select a disk and Linux Ext2 Ext3 partition from the list in the Acronis Disk Director Suite main window 64 Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Manual Partition Operations 2 Select Disk gt Advanced gt Change Bytes per i node or a similar item in the Advanced sidebar list or click E Change the number of bytes per i node on the toolbar or select it from partition or the graphical representation context menu If you select a partition with another file system mentioned sidebar and context menu items will be unavailable 3 Enter the new amount of bytes per descriptor i node in the Change bytes per i node window Change Space per i node Changing the disk space corresponding to one i node nace Current Space per i node bytes 8 192 New value bytes Resize i node window 4 By clicking OK in the Change bytes per i node window you ll add the pending operation of Linux Ext2 Ext3 partition i node resizing your
159. you to create copy and delete files and folders At present the most widely used file systems for PCs are the following two e FAT16 FAT32 file allocation table for DOS OS 2 and Windows 95 98 Me NT 2000 XP e NTFS Windows NT file system for Windows NT 2000 XP However there are many other file systems The Linux operating system which is now gaining popularity widely uses three file systems e Ext2 is a file system for end users PCs e Ext3 is the default file system used by Red Hat Linux e ReiserFS is a more secure with respect to data integrity file system that is used on data servers A 9 File System Main Specifications Operating systems allow you to work with data by supporting a file system on a disk partition All file systems contain structures required for data storage and control These structures usually consist of an OS boot record files and folders A file system performs the following main functions 1 Monitors used and free disk space including bad sectors 2 Maintains folders and file names 3 Monitors physical file location on a disk Different operating systems use different file systems One operating system may support only one file system others may support several A 9 1 File system specification summary Below is a Summary of the most popular file systems Each system Is briefly discussed This information can help you work with Acronis Disk Director Suite 114 Copyright Acroni
160. ype operating systems e MS DOS 5 x 6 x e MS DOS 7 0 not a separate product but is included in Windows 95 e MS DOS 7 1 not a separate product but is included in Windows 95 OSR2 98 e MS DOS 8 0 not a separate product but is included in Windows Me e PC DOS 5 x 7 0 e DR DOS 7 x Acronis Disk Director Suite will detect MS DOS 7 x 8 0 as a separate operating system only if it is not a part of the installed Windows operating system but was instead installed on your computer with help of the SYS commana Acronis Disk Director Suite recognizes the following special cases e MS DOS 5 x 6 x or PC DOS that has Windows 95 98 Me installed over it e MS DOS or PC DOS that has Windows NT 2000 installed over it RS Acronis Disk Director Suite may not support some DOS versions for example the Japanese version In these cases system and configuration file lists should be edited for example font files should be added to avoid conflicts between different copies of these operating systems B 1 2 Boot Sequence DOS boot sequence consists of the following stages 1 The boot sector after being loaded into memory and receiving control scans the root folder for the first DOS file Upon finding one it loads the first several sectors the loader into memory assuming that they are positioned contiguously on the disk and passes control to the loader 2 The loader loads the rest of the first file boot manager into memory and launch
161. ystem Besides you can choose the disk order when installing an additional Windows operating system so that its boot files will be installed on the second third etc disk e Viewing logs Acronis Disk Director Suite now keeps working logs They store information about implemented partition operations including reasons for failure if any e The new Bootable Media Builder common for all Acronis products The new Bootable Media Builder is able to create bootable media for every Acronis product installed on the computer or one bootable disk for several products It also supports creating a bootable disk ISO image on the hard disk and storing the bootable programs versions on PXE server Software use conditions The conditions of use are listed in the supplied License Agreement The unique serial number is the confirmation of your legal purchase and usage of Acronis Disk Director Suite on your system Under current legislation the License Agreement is considered a contract between you and Acronis Inc The contract is a legal document and its violation may result in legal action Illegal use and or distribution of this software will be prosecuted Technical support Users who have legally purchased and registered their copy of Acronis Disk Director Suite will receive free technical support from Acronis If you have installation or working problems 6 Copyright O Acronis Inc 2000 2009 Introduction that you can t sol
162. yte 2 Tbytes 1024 Tbytes 1 Ebyte 2 Pbytes 1024 Pbytes Copyright Acronis Inc 2000 2009 115 Hard Disk And File Systems A 9 2 FAT16 The FAT16 file system is widely used by DOS DR DOS MS DOS PC DOS etc Windows 95 98 Me Windows NT 2000 XP operating systems and is supported by most other systems Main features of FAT16 are the file allocation table FAT and clusters The FAT is the core of the file system To increase data safety it is possible to have several instances of the FAT there are usually two of them A cluster is a minimum data storage unit in the FAT 16 file system One cluster contains a fixed number some power of 2 of sectors The FAT stores information about what clusters are free what clusters are bad and also defines in what clusters files are stored Maximum size of a FAT16 file system is 4 Gigabytes and the maximum number of clusters is 65 525 the largest cluster being 128 sectors Usually the smallest possible cluster size is selected so that the resulting number of clusters is less than 65 526 The larger the partition size the larger the cluster has to be Most operating systems incorrectly perform with 128 sector clusters thus reducing the maximum FAT16 partition size to 2 Gigabytes RS Usually the larger the cluster size the more disk space is wasted Table 3 The following table gives the approximate dependence of these losses versus the cluster size Partition Size Clu

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