MD4000 Installation Guide
Contents
1. 39 JO4250 BAxx 192 168 254 22 meshap Oct 22 15 29 38 7 MD4350 AAIx 192 168 254 23 meshap Oct 22 15 29 48 MD4350 444x 192 168 250 155 meshap Oct 22 15 29 36 MD4250 A4xx 192 166 0 100 meshap Oct 2291512939 MD4345 44x4 192 168 0 100 meshap Oce 22 15 29 40 MD1156 4 192 168 254 109 meshap l Oct 22 15 29 42 MD4350 A41x Rx Signal dBrmi Pos Rake Mbps Tx Signal dEBrmi Tx Rate Mbps at at at at a4 Contact Information Link www meshdynamics com Contact Us html Technical Support Literature Link www meshdynamics com tech presentations html HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 18 mesh Trouble Shooting Frequently Asked Questions These frequently asked questions were compiled by our Tech Support Team Please contact your applications engineer if you have questions not addressed here Contact information link provided at bottom of this page Q Can the NMS be running in the field over a wireless connection A Yes connect your wireless card to the SSID of either the downlink or service radios to receive node heartbeats You may also ping the mesh node or other mesh nodes along the routing path to monitor connectivity Q The Root Node does not show on the NMS A There could be many reasons for this First the Root did not detect the Ethernet connection from the switch and therefore configured itself as a relay in search of a root Replace the Ethernet c2. Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 6 mesh Antenna Selection and Placement Omni directional antennas provide an even distribution of RF energy above left Directional antennas also called panel or sector antennas in contrast focus RF energy towards a receiver in their line of sight Omni antennas are less efficient than directional antennas as distance between nodes increase If the RF signal is weak or long range in needed sector or panel antennas should be considered Parabolic antennas have been used for very long ranges up to 14mi tested Directional antennas are also needed to avoid interference on models 4452 4454 with multiple downlinks or 4458 using multiple AP service radios A N UPLINK UPLINK 3 o Vertical Separation MD4350 RF doughnut patterns should not overlap Downlinks can be same channel Since panel antennas restrict interference Horizontal Separation DNLINK At least 25 cm Vertical and Horizontal separation for Omni directionals Panel antennas restrict RF interference When selecting omni directional for the uplinks downlinks look at the down tilt and vertical beam width specifications Note that both backhaul antennas operate in same frequency band They are either both 5G 4 9G or 2 4G Adjacent channel interference is reduced by mounting the antennas at least 25 cm apart horizontally Set the vertical separation so the RF doughnut patterns do not over
3. ex chn 52 and chn 157 UPLINK UPLINK ANTENNA ANTENNA DIRECTIONAL DIRECTIONAL CHN 52 CHN 52 DOWNLINK DOWNLINK ANTENNA lt ANTENNA OMNI DIRECTIONAL OMNI DIRECTIONAL CHN 60 CHN 60 Downlink antenna is Downlink antenna is within signal below signal spread of uplink spread of uplink antenna antenna Contact Information Link www meshdynamics com Contact Us html Technical Support Literature Link www meshdynamics com tech presentations html HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 8 mesh Aligning Omni directional Antennas Understanding the beam pattern of omni directional antennas and the vertical window of connectivity that Is available at any given distance is important in the alignment of the antennas for the mesh backhaul It is especially important when the terrain for the mesh deployment varies in elevation and or the objects on which the mesh nodes will be mounted vary in height An omni directional antenna has a radiation pattern that looks like a horizontal disc emanating from the antenna The disc gradually gets thicker as you move farther from the antenna and the angle that describes how fast it gets thicker is called the vertical beam angle Given that the antennas are mounted perfectly vertical please use a level to ensure this there will be a vertical window at any given distance from a first backhaul an
4. mobile node can often be remedied by the use of fragmentation Fragmentation will make transmitted packets smaller and therefore less likely to be corrupted Implementing fragmentation will reduce the overall bandwidth but may very well increase video quality aj Node Configuration 00 12 CE 00 50 42 General POE vLAN ACL MO4350 4 40 4 Sts Up Link wlan 4 B 56 Down Link wlang 4 2 46 Down Link i wian2 _ oO Settings For wlhani 00 12 CE 00 50 42 Max Transmit Rate auto Power Level Setting 100 So Ack Timeout SO micrg __ lt Fragmentation Threshold AA bytes RTS Threshold a E 2 bytes Scan Channel List channel pooo A Update Cancel HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending mesh Mobile Node Optimization 6 Broadcast and multicast video is transmitted by default at the lowest rate of the medium 6Mbps for 802 11a 9 Broadcast and multicast video transmissions can be forced to be sent at a higher transmit rate This will in effect increase the bandwidth available for the transmissions This is done using EFFISTREAM in the Advanced Configuration window EFFISTREAM rules can be specified to treat data based on several different parameters such as Ethernet type IP source and UDP length to name a few Configuration 00 12 CE 00 17 4E x p Advanced Configuration
5. that is not part of the switch domain if the switch has a VLAN setting causing non VLAN tagged data to be ignored if there are firewalls or the computer is not supporting DHCP Solutions include rebooting the NMS computer to restart DHCP disabling firewalls VLAN setting temporarily Also node that a moving a node from one network to another causes heart beats to show on another tab on the NMS b Ping requests to the mesh node should always be returned if the mesh node has route connectivity E Configuration changes via NMS not executed Prior to changing node configurations the current node configuration is transmitted from the node to the NMS With poor RF links some data packets may not be received by the NMS The NMS does not then know the current node configuration Solution NMS configuration change requests should be re transmitted from an NMS running on a laptop wirelessly connected to the node or via a mesh routing path with strong RF links A simple indicator of good connectivity is rapid ping request acknowledgements from the mesh node Contact Information Link www meshdynamics com Contact Us html Technical Support Literature Link www meshdynamics com tech presentations html HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 21 mesh APPENDIX Mobile Node Optimization HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Paten
6. 00 12 CE 00 1 7 4E IGMP RF Editor tm Fffeeeem en Ethernet 802 11e Category PBY tm P3M tm IGMP RF Editoritm AN Ethernet amp 02 11e Category PEYE P3Mitm Rules he IP Source 192 169 1 245 m Properties x Criteria IE SOUrce IP Address UDP Source Port UCP Destination Port CO N Add Rule Add Rule Delete Rule i Delete Action OK Cancel Update Cancel Update Cancel HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 29 mesh Mobile Node Optimization 7 After a rule is selected an action can be applied to the rule The Action Properties window is where the transmit rate and other actions can be selected to apply to the rule pf Advanced Configuration 00 1 2 CE 00 1 7 4E E pf Advanced Configuration 00 1 2 CE 00 1 7 4E i Ea RF Editor tm EARN Ethernet 802 11e Category PeV tm PaM tm RF Editor tm EARN Ethernet 802 11 Category PeV tm PaM tm f Rules Rules i TP Source 192 166 1 245 IF Source 197 168 1 245 Led Action Properties x Transmit Rate is set to 24 Mbps Drop Packet No ACK O Queved Retry 802 112 Category hone Transmit Rate Mbps f OK Cancel Add Rule Delete Rule Delete Rule Add Action Delete ction Update Cancel It is possible for multiple rules and associated actions to be applied on a single node When using E
7. AP radio traffic may or may not be based on user settings 4 9G radios may be substituted for either backhaul radios or client AP radios Contact Tech support for details GPS radio integration on the board serial line is supported as an option on all models See page 14 Intrinsic safe versions of all MD4000 products available Contact us for details HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 2 COND UI BWN FE mesh Terminology Wireless Backhaul I RELAY 1 I Ethernet Root and Relay Nodes Mesh Networks provide long range connectivity by relaying packets from one mesh node to another like a bucket brigade The end of the bucket brigade terminates at the root which connects to the Ethernet above Relays connect to the root or other relay nodes to form a wirelessly linked chain Upstream amp Downstream Upstream implies closer to the Ethernet The root is upstream of relay 1 Wireless Uplinks and Downlinks The Ethernet link is the uplink upstream link connection for the root The root has is a wired uplink Its backhaul is the wired network re Ethernet Relays have wireless uplinks to an upstream downlink radio DOWNLINK Downlink radios act like Access Points AP they send out a beacon Uplink radios act like clients they do not send out a beacon A wireless radio card in a laptop can inform you of the presence of downl
8. FFISTREAM it is good practice to implement it on all nodes used in the deployment bj advanced Configuration 00 127 CE 00 1 7 4E x IGMP RF Editor tm PAATENEN Ethernet 802 11e Category PBe Patni El Rules IF Source 1927 165 1 245 i Transmit Rate is set to 24 Mbps TEF Length 500 1500 Lo BOZ11e Category is Best Effort er IP Protocol 1 BOS TTS CSpedons ie agen Hdd Rule Delete Rule Add Action Delete Action HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 30 mesh FCC Terms of Use Terms of Use as filed with the FCC for use of this equipment in the US non military applications WARNING While this device is in operation a separation distance of at least 20 cm 8 inches must be maintained between the radiating antenna and the bodies of all persons exposed to the transmitter in order to meet the FCC RF exposure guidelines Making changes to the antenna or the device is not permitted Doing so may result in the installed system exceeding RF exposure requirements Using higher gain antennas and types of antennas not certified for use with this product is not allowed The device shall not be co located with any another transmitters This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 This device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interfere
9. MD4000 Node Deployment and Trouble Shooting Guide HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 1 mesh The MD 4000 Product Family The MD4000 Modular Mesh products support up to 4 radios in a single enclosure All Meshdynamics radios use a two radio backhaul that differs significantly from competing mesh products The differences are explained at www meshdynamics com third_generation html Slots 0 1 house one uplink backhaul and one downlink backhaul radio operating on non interfering channels but in the same frequency band Slot 2 can house a third radio for client laptops etc connectivity This is generally a 2 4G AP radio It can be set to 802 11b b and g or g only modes Slot 3 can house a 2 downlink a 2 AP or a scanning radio for a mobile mesh module that forms part of the meshed backhaul in dynamic infrastructure high speed mobile mesh networks There are two Ethernet ports on each module that are used to interface with devices such as IP based cameras for high resolution video over mesh A 2 slave module can attach via Ethernet to provide a total of 8 radios Operating temperature range is 40 to 85 Celsius The die cast weather proof enclosure is NEMA 67 rated E 2 4GHz Backhaul Products Standard Configurations 2 4G 5 86 o o 0 a6 6B Uplink MD4220 MD4320 MD4325 MD4424 eee 2 F 1 Bg 1 2 m 1 Bs ER Scanner 1 MD4220 IIxx 2 Radio mod
10. a E E E DOWNLINK E r a j a e E ic D Figure 9 2 24VDC Ethernet Note Units built after August 2005 have connections on the module as shown in Figures 9 1 9 2 MODEL MD4350 AA G MAC 00 12 CE 00 09 1A SERIAL 00021047 0805 MENDON 24VDC Ethernet Example 0805 is the MMYY date of manufacture Figure 9 1 HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending i i Ei DOWNLINK 802 11a mesh Bringing up a ROOT Node T1 T3 CABLE MODEM WAN FIREWALL Switch SSS SERVICE NMS Running Here on same switch 24VDC Ethernet Figure 10 1 110VAC Mount the antennas as shown on on the previous page Connect a cable from the switch to the POE injector above Verify internet connectivity on the cable to be plugged into the unit Power up the POE Injector The LED on the POE will light up Now connect the Ethernet cable with power to the module The internal fan should start and is audible if you put your ear to the box HIB WN Fe 7 Insert the 802 11a b g radio card and bring up the wireless card utility 8 Firewalls should be disabled if you wish see the heartbeats on the NMS 9 The wireless card utility will show two APs with ESSIDs of MESH INIT A plus the last six characters of the MAC ID of the radio for iden
11. ables and reboot the node The second possibility is that the root node is indeed up as seen by a radio card Fig 11 2 but the UDP based heart beats to the NMS are blocked by a firewall other security settings The computer itself may not be running DHCP or may need to be rebooted Lastly there may be a VLAN switch that filters out the UDP based heart beats Q The Relay Node does not show on the NMS A The Relay node uplink radio has to hear the Root node downlink radio The signals from the antennas have to hit each other The heartbeats show signal strength and transmit rate from parent to child node Set the heartbeat rate on the relay to 1 sec Align the relay antenna based on the changes to the signal strength shown by the heartbeats Repeat the steps above with the Root node setting its heartbeat to 1 second also Q The laptop connects to the node but the signal strength is weak A Recall that the factory default SSID setting for both 802 11a downlinks and 802 11b service radios is the same StructuredMesh Your computer may not be connecting to the nearest radio Change the SSID on the radios e g Relay80211A Relay802 11b connect to the radio of interest and then check signal strength Pinging the mesh node is another means to monitor transmission responsiveness Q The laptop connects to the node but range is less than expected A The 2 4GHz service radio supports 3 modes 802 11b only b and g g only 802 11g provide
12. ble and at similar heights for best results Note how the down tilt and beam width affects permissible height variations based on the tangent of the angle times the distance Poor Antenna VSWR ratings Verify with a VSWR Power meter that you are seeing RF power from both the uplink and downlink connections on each node The VSWR meter should be connected between the N connector and the antenna and put in forwarding mode Dbm levels a value of between 17 to 26 dbm are acceptable VSWR of around 1 2 Is ideal significantly higher values indicate a poor connectivity from the radio Reference www praxsym com documents t meterFAQ pdf Contact Information Link www meshdynamics com Contact Us html Technical Support Literature Link www meshdynamics com tech presentations html HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 20 mesh Trouble Shooting Step by Step 2 2 Client is connected but unable to receive send There are multiple reasons for this First disable firewalls temporarily and verify that WEP WPA key values are correct See NMS Guide Ensure that the client has a unique IP address and that if any VLANS are configured that the and the wired side of the network is correctly configured for the VLAN that the client is in The port that the root node is plugged into is part of the VLAN and that any other server s ports that need to access the wireless network are inclu
13. bscriber density and low 2 4GHz RF interference If 2 4GHz backhauls are critical reduce 2 4GHz RF interference on the backhaul with a panel antenna and its more focused beam Suggestions In rural areas or low client density situations use 2 4GHz backhauls preferably with panels to reduce RF interference from other 2 4GHz devices In all other situations use 5 8GHz backhauls Start with 8dBi omni directional antennas and place nodes 400m 1300ft apart with clear line of sight antennas at least 25cm 10 inches apart and no metal obstructions within 1 5m 5ft of the antennas The NMS will show the heartbeat information transmit rate and current signal levels at regular intervals Increase node spacing until throughput declines beyond application requirements monitor the heartbeat information on the NMS Panel antennas and or dual downlinks model 4452 are suggested for noisy environments or long range requirements The root node may be a model 4454 with four 5G downlink radios and 90 degree panel antennas HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending mesh What is the range of the 2 4GHz Access Point radio Tables A4 and A1 previous page indicate that the range of 2 4GHz radios will always exceed that of 5 8GHz radios In theory therefore the distance between 5 8GHz backhaul is the limiting factor not the distance between the AP radios and the client radios the AP ser
14. ces near the relay e The antennas are not within 1 5 meter 4 5 feet of any metal structures e If unit was field upgraded check if pigtails are firmly connected to the radios e If unit was field upgraded check if pigtails are not damaged using an ohm meter HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 15 mesh Assuring Network Formation Assuring Network Formation Upon boot up a root node will beacon a default ESSID of StructuredMesh on its downlink and AP radios When a relay node boots up it will scan on its up ink radio When the uplink radio of a relay node hears the beacon from a root node it will associate This same relay node will then start to beacon on its downlink and AP radios Any scanning relay nodes that hear th s beacon will associate thus growing the network Until a child node associates to a parent node it will beacon an ESSID starting with the words MESH INIT on its downlink and AP radios This Is to indicate that it has no association to the mesh network If a rootnode continually beacons an ESSID of MESH INIT this indicates that it is not physically connected to the switch and is therefore attempting to function as a relay node A child node will not associate to a parent node if the parent node is in the MESH INIT state Use a laptop to detect the ESSIDs and determine what state the node is in To detect the ESSID fro
15. ded in the VLAN Poor RF signal strength Verify from the NMS that all nodes have connections to each other with signal strength weaker than 42 Dbm and stronger than 86 Dbm If not then either reposition the nodes antennas or change to different type of antennas Low or high Dbm readings may be caused by reflections from metal objects or other obstructions The MeshDynamics RF planning models the RF coverage including obstructions Contact your MeshDynamics technical support person for more information on the RF planner and its use While RF signal strength is not a sufficient indicator of RF link health Intermittent sources of external RF interference cause unexplained drops in transmission effectiveness Pinging the mesh node from multiple locations may help isolate where the RF link is poor due to these types of sporadic interference sources E NMS shows Mesh was operational now is not The challenge is to isolate what may have changed The changes may have occurred remotely via the NMS or on the wired side of the network Some causes UDP based Heat Beat packets not received The NMS displays node connectivity status based on UDP packets received from mesh nodes transmitted over the air to the root node If the configuration is as shown in Figure 10 1 these forwarded heart beats eventually reach the root node and are available on the switch The computer running the NMS will not receive the UDP based heart beats if the computer has an IP address
16. depends on a number of variables 1 The throughput rate requested between the radios e g 12 Mbps TCP IP 2 The frequency at which the radios are operating Range decreases with higher frequencies 3 The receive sensitivity RS of the receiver radio for that throughput rate RS decreases at higher values 4 The transmit power TP of the transmitting radio at that throughput rate decreases at higher values 5 The antenna gains on receiver and transmitting radios Higher gains mean bigger ears increased range 6 The environment clear line of sight or dense foliage etc Occlusions reduce range For a good signal the fraction of the energy from the transmitter that reaches the receiver should exceed the receiver radio s receive sensitivity If not the noisy signal may not be received without errors If there are errors then re transmission occurs Effective throughput thus declines When the throughput declines the radio lowers the transmit rate since transmit power and receive sensitivity improve at lower transmit rates The throughput is thus adjusted based on signal quality Signal quality in turn depends on transmit power TP of the sender how loud it is speaking and RS receiver sensitivity RS how sensitive the listener ears are The table below is from the data sheet of a typical 802 11a radio Both RS and TP improve at lower throughput Note that since this is a log scale a 6 db increase from 20 to 26 is
17. e root or upstream relay to form a backhaul path If successful the MESH INIT ESSID changes to StructuredMesh in 1 2 minutes If the NMS is running see NMS User Guide for details then the root and relay nodes should show up based on heartbeats sent by nodes 4 If the radio does not change from MESH INIT then check to see if the a b g wireless radio card can see a potential parent downlink to connect to The radio card utility must show at least one 802 11a downlink below Network SSID Ase WEP Signal Channel BSSIO Sthuctu dMesh 165 00 12CE Figure 11 2 leh Steuacharckd B n SbuciwedMesh Laptop Radio Card should show ROOT Downlink near Relay Node Uplink Antenna location If the relay uplink antenna cannot see a parent downlink it cannot connect to it Check if e The antenna placement for the uplink and downlink on all nodes are as shown in Fig 9 1 e The node uplink antenna is of the right type for the backhaul frequency band e The parent downlink antenna is of the right type for the backhaul frequency band e The antennas connections for uplink downlink and service are as described earlier e The relay uplink and parent downlink antennas are approximately at the same height e The relay uplink and parent downlink antennas are both aligned to the vertical e There are no obstructions between the two antennas clear line of sight e There are no high voltage or other RF interference sour
18. e antennas as shown on Figure 10 1 Power up the POE injector The LED will light up Power up the module The fan should start and be audible Bring up the 802 11a b g wireless card utility on the laptop Bringing up a RELAY Node 2 The wireless card utility will show two APs named MESH INIT and the numbers of the MAC ID of the radio These are the downlink radio and service radio AP In general the uplink radios search for other mesh nodes to connect to Upon boot up the service AP radio scans to select the best non interfering channel pi MeshDynamics Network Viewer 7 5 File Edit Run View Tools Help lale H o s B E l0 x re Ethernet Properties Pr Value D OWN G T N K Firmware Version 2 4 54 Model Info MD4350 AAIx Unit Address 00 12 ce 00 0e 96 Mac Addresses 3 wlan0 00 12 ce 00 0e 98 wlan2 00 12 ce 00 0e 9a ixpi 00 12 ce 00 0e 97 IP Settings HostName meshap UP IE I NK IP Address 192 168 0 100 SubNet Mask 255 255 255 0 ME Gateway 192 168 0 1 S E RV I 5 Information R E L AY Heartbeat Count 197 Parent Signal Strength Known AP s 0 4 HeartBeat Macro Actions Client Activity Mac Address Time S Node Name Model No Parent Downlink Si oo Par i 00 12 ce 00 0e 96 Mar 28 17 14 16 ROOT MD4350 AAIx F igure 11 1 00 12 ce 00 0d 3a Mar 28 17 14 03 RELAY MD4220 BBxx 79 3 The relay node scans until it finds another nod
19. e end of the day the wireless mesh software moves packets from radio to another radio Since RF environments is never ideal we have compiled a step by step procedure to help you isolate the RF related problems you may encounter E Power Supply Considerations f the radios don t receive enough juice there will be faulty transmissions Verify that nodes are powered up this includes verifying that the power source is of the correct voltage and current Note that the board works with voltages from 9 48 VDC but the RJ 45 POE connectors is rated around 1 Amp current flow so higher voltages are needed for POE inputs Higher voltages also reduce long wire cables We suggest a 24VDC 2A power supply www meshdynamics com documents MD24VDCPOEADAPTER pdf E Intermittent reboots on nodes Verify that the power is clean the most accurate method is to use an Oscilloscope to verify that the power is clean no noise or spikes Short power losses will also cause reboots E Nodes not connecting to mesh The nodes are powered up but they don t show up on the NMS First verify that the 802 11a radios are transmitting The wireless card on the laptop should support 802 11a If the radios are attempting to connect but not yet connected to the mesh you will see ESSIDs of MESH INIT A plus the last six characters of the MAC e g MESH INIT A 00 01 4A The MAC ID of the downlink is 00 12 CE 00 01 4A Note Nodes marked to belong to another mesh network o
20. effectively quadrupling the transmit power 5800 5800 o4 5800 2a oj oj 26 Degradation of signal quality over distance is expressed by the free space path loss relationship Path_Loss 20 log Freq Decay_ 10 log Dist K where Path_loss Path Loss in dBm Freq Frequency in MHZ Decay Varies based on RF environment line of sight etc Dist Distance between the two mesh nodes in meters K Constant For a particular radio frequency and distance between the transmitter and receiver radios the path loss must exceed the noise threshold of the receiving radio receive sensitivity for the transmission to be heard A range estimate work sheet will help you compute the usable range for a supplied transmit power TP receive sensitivity RS antenna gains and frequency The work sheet is located at www meshdynamics com documents MDrangecalculations xls The next two pages demonstrate how to use this work sheet to determine effective range for differing antenna gains transmitter power TP and and receiver sensitivity RS NOTE The tables on the next two pages are based on the TP and RS for a throughput of 18 22 Mbps TCP IP These are the most conservative range estimates since at lower throughputs the range is significantly higher Contact Information Link www meshdynamics com Contact Us html Technical Support Literature Link www meshdynamics com tech presentations html HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics Al
21. en signal drop off in the coverage to the mobile node Although the mobile node will recover automatically the abrupt vanishing of the parent node s signal will halt the transfer of data for a brief period of time DOWNLINK SIGNAL SPREADS STATIONARY STATIONARY STATIONARY STATIONARY NODE NODE NODE NODE a MOBILE NODE SUDDEN LOSS OF SIGNAL SIGNAL STRENGTH FROM N re PARENT a i o NODE AS SEEN BY MOBILE NODE POSITION OF MOBILE NODE HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 26 mesh Mobile Node Optimization 4 In mobile video applications it is recommended that the 16QAM modulation scheme be used in order to better handle the dynamic RF environment This is done by setting the Max Transmit Rate of the uplink radio of the mobile node to 24Mbps Node Configuration 00 12 CE 00 50 42 General Inberracesettings He a Settings For wlanil 00 12 Max Transmit Rate Power Level Setting Ack Timeout Fragmentation Threshold RTS Threshold Scan Channel List Channel HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending air al MO4350 4 41 4 56 Up Link whanl 4 B m i 35e Z 2 46 Down Link whan 3 D z4 Mbps sd c0 microsecs er to bybes it bybes Update Cancel mesh mics Mobile Node Optimization 5 ittery video from a
22. for choices available G Power Over Ethernet POE injector Input 110VAC Output 24VDC 2A on Pins 4 5 7 8 Specifications at www meshdynamics com documents MD24VDCPOEADAPTER pdf These are NOT included with modules but may be purchased separately from Meshdynamics H RJ 45 Ethernet cables Two needed One connects to the wired network the other to the node if required Street Lamp POE adaptors Visit www fisherpierceolc com pdf FP287 PoE pdf J if required Portable Battery Power power inverters etc Visit www xantrex com products asp FCC power restrictions limit antenna gain to 8 dBi when the 400 mw radio cards are used at full power For Non FCC overseas or military applications these links refer to higher gain antennas available HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 10 mesh Attaching Weather Proof Connectors 1 2 HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 11 Attaching Weather Proof Connectors 2 2 245 E PRESSED T Tiam a p NA ATCH FOR CR CROSS FARE DING iF NO GAP BETWEEN BOOT A AND CONS JIN EC TOR p HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 12 UPLINK 802 11la N MALE BARREL ADAPTOR MESH OPTATiES Connecting the Downlink Antennas to the Module P e
23. for the upper part of the spectrum 5 7 5 9GHz The MeshDynamics backhaul uses both the lower part and the upper part of the 5GHz spectrum Channels 52 and 60 are around 5 3GHz while channels 149 157 and 165 are around 5 8GHz It is therefore necessary to select a 5GHz antenna capable of handling both parts of the spectrum Relationship between signal strength receive sensitivity and data rate The quality of a link in one direction of data flow involves two main parameters the output power at one end of the link and the receive sensi vity at the other end of the link the table below for a typical radio card shows how the link data rate of the link relates to the two parameters mentioned above RADIO OPERATING FREQUENCY 5 20 5 825GHz DataRate _ Avg Power__ Tolerance DataRate Sensitivity Tolerance 24Mbps 26dBm 1 5dB 36Mbps 24dBm 1 5dB L m Gan n i co For example According to the table above a radio card can only put out 22dBm of power when transmitting 48Mbps The receiving radio card must see this signal at 77dBm or higher in order to keep up with the 48Mbps Otherwise the receiving radio card will drop in data rate and therefore increase its sensitivity to the point where it does see the incoming signal If the signal at the receiving radio was 90dBm the link would then drop to 18Mbps Contact Information Link www meshdynamics com Contact Us html Technical Support Literatu
24. inks but not of uplinks Downlinks beacon Uplinks do not UPLINK SERVICE The uplink and downlink radios form a wireless backhaul path RELAY AP radios operate in the 2 4GHz band to service 802 11b g clients 802 11a wireless devices may be serviced by the 5 8GHz downlink Thus both 802 11a and 802 11b g client access is supported Backhaul radios operate in 5 8GHz band to avoid interference with the Fig 3 2 802 11b g 2 4GHz AP radio shown in pink right g 5 To summarize there are 4 types of links to Structured Mesh products A wired uplink to provide Ethernet connectivity This connects the root node to the wired network MM A wireless downlink to provide wireless connectivity for uplinks of other nodes These are typically 5 8GHz A wireless uplink to connect to the downlinks of upstream mesh nodes These are typically 5 8GHz LJ An AP radio for clients Typically 2 4GHz with support for both b and g clients and 2 4GHz uplinks In our standard offering Model MD4350 the 802 11a uplink the 802 11a downlink and 802 11b g service are 3 separate radios see Fig 3 2 HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 3 mesh Computing Effective Range Two frequently asked questions asked are 1 What is the range of the nodes Node to node spacing 2 What is the range of the Access Point Access Point radio to client radio spacing The answer
25. iver under differing environments It varies from 2 1 rural clear line of sight to 2 4 urban non line of sight occlusions due to foliage etc NOTE Values relate to 18 22 Mbps TCP IP backhaul throughput Tableay OL 75 20 21 8 85800 1031 3380 o2 75 20 22 85800 752 2466 o3 35 20 23 8 8 5800 564 1849 o4 5 20 24 8 8j 5800 433 1420 Increasing antenna gain from 8dB to a 14dBi panel antenna on the downlink increases the range Table A2 o a 20 a a a go 7997 6526 Table A2 02 75 20 22 134 8 5800 1410 4621 CC 20 tT 5800 2029 3371 os 5 20 24 5800 770 2525 Panels have a less dispersed beam pattern than omni directional antennas Their restricted field of view also makes them less sensitive to noise in the vicinity In noisy settings use model 4452 with two downlink radios and panel antennas to focus signal to child nodes Two downlinks increases power from 20 to 23 dBm Table A3 Table A3 fog 233 23 T8500 1389 4552 o z z 2a T5800 1027 3367 Range is also effectively doubled by changing to a 2 4GHz backhaul Compare Table A4 with Table Al or 75 20 24 82400 2390 7833 Table A4 foo zo 22 el f 2400 1678 5500 oB f 5 20 23 amp f B 2400 1215 3982 os 5 20 2a 8al B 2400 904 2962 Unfortunately the 2 4GHz RF space is polluted with multiple 2 4GHz devices 2 4GHz backhauls are best limited to rural areas with low su
26. l Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 4 mesh What is the range of the 5 8GHz Backhaul Mesh Radios Throughput between an RF transmitter on one node and a RF receiver on another node is not unlike two people talking across the room The talker has to be loud enough to be heard above the noise and or the listener has to have good ears to pick up the signal out of the noise In RF terms the fraction of the energy from the transmitter that reaches the receiver should exceed the receiver radio s receive sensitivity If not the ACK will not be sent by the receiver and re transmissions occur The rate control mechanism on the radios then lowers the transmit rate since both transmit power and receive sensitivity improve at lower transmit and receive rates Field tests confirm that the 5 8GHz backhaul with 8dB omni directional antennas provide 18 22 Mbps TCP IP over distances from 400m to 750m depending on the environment line of sight alignment of the antennas etc Antenna type and alignment are key to good reception Customers have successfully placed nodes 14 miles apart using high gain well aligned antennas Additional radio transmit power amplification was not required Table Al shows theoretical backhaul distances for a 5 8GHz radio with Receive Sensitivity RS at 75 dBm and 20 dBm Transmit Power TP over 8dB omni directional antennas Decay reflects the amount of transmitted energy that reaches the rece
27. lap vertically This is a function of the down tilt The service radio antenna if omni directional should have a large down tilt if mesh nodes are mounted up high In that case the beam has to travel downwards to reach client devices e g laptops on the ground For all antennas avoid placements where the open end of is near metal poles or power transformers It is best if there are no metal obstructions within 1 5m of the antennas Omni directional antennas should be mounted as vertical as possible and at similar heights for best results Note how the down tilt and beam width affects permissible height variations based on the tangent of the angle times the distance HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 7 mesh Antenna Separation Although non overlapping channels are used for the backhaul it is possible that the signals of two adjacent non overlapping channels will interfere with each other fone of the signals is strong enough at the antenna that is operating on the other channel Antennas should be installed with enough vertical separation such that this does not happen This is especially important when using a 2 4GHz backhaul as the standard 2 4GHz channels are separated by only 25MHz whereas MeshDynamic 5GHz channels are separated by at least 40MHz If it is not possible to give the antennas more vertical separation use channels that are non adjacent for
28. le Node Optimization 1 The Mobility Mode should be set to Mobile Lf Node Configuration 00 12 CE 00 26 D2 RR Interfacesettings WLAN Ace o MAC Identifier 0012 CE 00 26 02 Model Mumber mD4250 AAxx Firmware Version 20 5 92 Mode Name mesha s sSS Mode Description zenter descriptions gt GPS Coordinates latitude o Longitude C Country Code Default fo Host Mame meshap O00 IP Address 192 168 0100 O Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway 192 168 0 1 8 C Preferred Parent 00 00 00 00 00 00 Browse Heartbeat Interval s 15 sg Mobility Mode Mobile J Update Cancel HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 24 mesh Mobile Node Optimization 2 Make sure the Scan Channel List of the mobile node s Scanner Radio is populated with the same channels as the Dynamic Channel Management ist of the parent node s radio this will be the parent node s AP radio or downlink radio depending on the frequency used by the mobile node s uplink The mobile node will only scan on channels in its Scan Channel List If there are channels in the Dynamic Channel Management list of the parents nodes that the mobile node does not have in its Scan Channel List the mobile node will not see these channels and therefore not associate For optimal switching behavior populate the Scan Channel List with only the cha
29. lease refer to the professional installation manual for the recommended antennas Indoor Use This product has been designed for indoor use Operation of channels in the 5250MHz to 5350MHz band is permitted indoors only to reduce the potential for harmful interference to co channel mobile satellite systems Maximum Antenna Gain Currently the maximum antenna gain Is limited to 8dBi OMNI for operation in the 5250MHz to 5350MHz band and 5725MHz to 5825MHz band and must not exceed maximum EIRP limits set by the FCC Industry Canada High Power Radars High power radars are allocated as primary users meaning they have priority in the 5250MHz to 5350MHz and 5650MHz to 5850MHz bands These radars could cause interference and or damage to LELAN devices used in Canada I ndustry Canada Notice and Marking This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian CES 003 Cet appareil num rique de la classe B est conforme a la norme NMB 003 du Canada The term IC before the radio certification number only signifies that Industry Canada technical specifications were met To reduce potential radio interference to other users the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that equivalent isotropically radiated power EIRP is not more than that required for successful communication Contact Information Link www meshdynamics com Contact Us html Technical Support Literature Link www meshdynamics com tech presentations html HWIG D07 2005 2007 Me
30. m a 5GHz downlink of course the laptop will need to be 5GHz enabled Keep in mind that the ability to detect the ESSID is dependent upon proximity to the node and the antenna being used on the node s beaconing radio s ESSID of ESSID of StructuredMesh MESH I NIT ea ROOT RELAY NODE RELAY NODE NOT NODE CONNECTED TO MESH CONNECTED TO MESH Contact Information Link www meshdynamics com Contact Us html Technical Support Literature Link www meshdynamics com tech presentations html HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 16 mesh Selecting Higher Power Channels 5GHz Backhaul Difference in power between channels 52 60 amp 149 157 165 In compliance with FCC regulations channels 52 and 60 put out around 18 19dB of power as measured at the antenna port Channels 149 157 and 165 put out 22 23dB In troubleshooting a weak low signal low connectivity backhaul link a sensible first step would be to check and see what channel the link using Mouse over the parent node s icon to see the downlink channel If the link is using a lower channel manually set its downlink to an upper channel or just take the lower channels off of its DCA list After rebooting the node wait for the link to come back up and build confidence See if a higher quality link is achieved Necessary antennas for 5GHz 5 2 5 9GHz Many 5GHz antennas are only rated
31. m each other AP has big ears antennas It hears both clients Clients have small ears They do not hear each other Clients talking to AP at same time causes interference Fig 5 1 HIDDEN NODE EFFECT Radio is a shared medium only one device should be active at any time If clients are hidden from each other then they could be talking at the same time causing RF interference and loss of signal quality With lower transmit power 15dBm OdBi antennas and noisy RF environments Table B2 indicates that clients may not hear each other beyond 120 meters In noisy high client density situations AP radios should be placed no more than 150 m apart Table B2 or f s is 2a oy of 2400 239 783 o2 5 i 22 o of 2400 186 611 oB f 5 SE a23 of of 2400 148 487 o s s 2a of of 240o 12i 395 Suggestions If omni directional antennas are being used select ones with down tilt This focuses the beam downwards to the clients In situations with high client density or when there is noisy occluded environments model 4458 which has double AP radios can be used with sector antennas Since there are two radios dedicated to service each can be focused in opposite directions This will double the effective signal strength to the clients as well as provide an additional 2 4GHz channel The extra channel will reduce contention between the node s 2 4GHz clients HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved
32. more bandwidth than 802 11b but at the cost of range Change the settings from the NMS to b only if more range is needed Also the radio Power Level Setting slider bar should be at 100 ROOT x 0 T Figure 12 1 E Misaligned beams further reduces effectiveness of weaker signal at long distances Q The Root and Relay work well at short distances but not as the distance is increased A Common causes are antenna alignment and or bad cable connections The signal is weaker at longer distances and the effect of misalignment is more pronounced above Check for metal obstructions near the antennas and sufficient antenna spacing at least 25 cm apart Q The overall throughput is poor despite a good signal strength between backhaul radios A Bandwidth reduces with retries Retries occur when packets are not correctly received This could be due to external RF interferences Move the antennas to another location or change the channels manually to see if that helps For long range beyond IEEE 802 11 default settings change ACK timing for both downlink of parent node and uplink of child node Contact Information Link www meshdynamics com Contact Us html Technical Support Literature Link www meshdynamics com tech presentations html HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 19 mesh mies Trouble Shooting Step by Step 1 2 At th
33. n mesh nodes is shortened the vertical window shrinks For instance if for some reason the nodes were placed 300ft apart the connectivity window would be 47 feet 300 0 158 above and 47 feet below Basically the further apart the nodes are the less sensitive they are to the relative height of the nodes HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 9 Suggested Check List of tems Figure 8 1 A Windows 98 or more recent laptop with PCMCIA card and Ethernet port access Temporarily disable firewalls on the laptop if you intend to configure the nodes with the NMS B 802 11 a b g card Model shown SMC 2336 W ACG Useful for remote diagnostics C N Male N Male barrel adaptors Needed to temporarily mount antennas on Structured Mesh Module D N Male N Male low loss cabling Connects antennas E F to N Female connectors on module E Downlink and uplink antennas NOTE 5GHz full range antennas are needed 5 1GHz 5 9GHz 5GHz full range 8dbi Omni www Superpass com SPD 60 html www Superpass com SPD 6OP html 5GHz full range high gain Panels See www Superpass com 5100 5900M html for choices available F Service antenna for connecting to client devices e g laptops Typically 802 11b g 2 4GHz omni 2 4GHz 8dbi Omni 8db www Superpass com SPDG160 html www Superpass com SPDG160P html 2 4GHz high gain Panels See www Superpass com 2400 2483M html
34. nce received including interference that may cause undesired operation This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help You are cautioned that any changes or modifications not expressly approved in this manual could void your authority to operate this equipment Non Modification Statement Unauthorized changes or modifications to the device are not permitted Modifications to the device will void the warranty and may violate FCC regulations P
35. nnels that are being provided by the parent nodes For example in a three node mesh with a root and two relays a maximum of three channels would be used In this case only three channels should be entered into the Scan Channel List of the Scanner Radio WA Node Configuration 00 12 ce 00 11 96 ta Node Contiguration 00 12 ce 00 1e aa Hi H General Interfaces Security vlan ACL Ethernet Effistream General Interfaces Security vLam ACL Ethernet Effistream e LP MO4355 A04 4 50 Up Link lant B 56 Down Link iwlani C D 56 Scanner wana P 2 ESSID Hide ESSID Max Transmit Rate Auto Power Level Setting er 1001 Ack Timeout ee 50 ps W Allow Client Connection Scan Channel List Channel A Frag Threshold Parent Node b 2346 bytes RTS Threshold fa 2347 bytes Dynamic Channel Management C Manual f Auto i 7 View Channel Info a Import Export Cancel HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending mesh Mobile Node Optimization 3 For optimal mobile node switching the RF coverage of the mobile node s environment must contain smooth signal transitions from parent node to parent node A parent node s signal that suddenly drops off may result in brief packet loss before the mobile node associates to another parent node Here we have a situation where an obstacle causes a sudd
36. r with different encryption settings may also not be visible on the NMS See NMS user guide for details on changing these settings Firewall settings must allow UDP Heart beat packets from the mesh nodes E Nodes are intermittently connecting to the mesh If the ESSID states Structured Mesh then the nodes have come up and connected to the mesh but the connection is intermittent This is due to weak or intermittent RF signals On the wireless radio card note the current signal strength Radio power setting on the node radios should be 100 factory default E Intermittent RF connectivity There are multiple reasons for this Fractional Power from radio cards Radio power should have be 100 factory default See NMS guide Downlink and Uplink Antenna types 5GHz full range antennas are needed 5 1GHz 5 9GHz 5GHz full range 8dbi Omni www Superpass com SPD 60 html www Superpass com SPD 6O0P html 5GHz full range high gain Panels See www Superpass com 5100 5900M htm for choices available Antenna Placement and Alignment Adjacent channel interference is reduced by mounting the antennas at least 25 cm apart horizontally Set the vertical separation so the RF doughnut patterns do not overlap vertically For all antennas avoid placements where the open end of is near metal poles or power transformers It is best if there are no metal obstructions within 1 5m of the antennas Omni directional antennas should be mounted as vertical as possi
37. re Link www meshdynamics com tech presentations html HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 17 mesh Adjusting Backhaul Power Levels In fine tuning backhaul performance it is recommended that the RSSI signal strength values be fairly balanced throughout the backhaul Ideally links should have Tx and Rx signal strengths between 55dBm and 65dBm Adjusting the Power Level Setting on the downlinks of parent nodes and the uplinks of child nodes will help bring signal strength values closer together FIPS 140 2 Compliant IGMP P3Mttmn DHCP PBY tm Hardware Info Firmware Version Model Info Unit 4ddress Mac Addresses IP Settings Hostname IP Address SubNet Mask Gateway E Information Heartbeat Count Parent Signal Strength 43 dBm Parent Node Neighbour s 4 Alerts Networks Mac Address E 00 12 CE 00 26 D2 00 12 CE 00 17 4E 00 12 CE 00 SE 42 E 00 12 CE 00 50 4E 00 12 CE 00 11 66 00 12 CE 00 26 CcO 00 15 60 D0 E1 C1 00 12 CE 00 50 42 i a MD4350 441x 00 12 CE 00 3E 42 3 meshap 192 168 254 22 255 255 255 0 192 168 254 1 10964 wlan of meshap 00 1 4 Macro Actions Client Activity PBY tm IP Address Node Name Time Stamp Model No Rx Signal dBm Rx Rate Mbps Tx Signal dBm Tx Rate Mbps Not Available meshap Oct 21 18 11 11 MD4280 AAxx 192 168 254 21 meshap Oct 22 15 29
38. shdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 31
39. ted and Patents Pending 22 mesh Trimble GPS Radio Card Support The GPS daughter board fits into the J TAG slot It uses COM1 to communicate with the processor Note 1 With the GPS radio card installed the serial port is no longer available for other processes 2 For two and three radio systems one of the unused antenna ports is used 3 For our four radio systems e g 4455 a fifth connector ix provided See www meshdynamics com FAQ_GPS html Google Earth and OpenStreetMap ntegration e Create a Network Link in Google Earth specifying the URL of the node s KML publisher e For mobile units set Time Based Refresh to Periodically and Check the Fly to View on Refresh option e The Node will show up in the My Places list with its Name and MAC Address e For Mobile Nodes the ground speed of the Node is mentioned in the description field e The NMS automatically moves background images from www OpenStreetMap org to track moving nodes SS Coosle Earth New Rx Mame meshtest Link http 192 168 254 60 8080 cgi bin kml cgi Cie Meshao 00 00 1E AA Meshdynamecs WD4458 A 41 moving at 059 0 Krh Twin Peak Allow this folder to be expanded show contents as options radio button selection Wiew Bound Scale 4 HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 23 mesh Mobi
40. tenna within which a second backhaul antenna will be able to receive signals transmitted with the full rated gain of the first antenna In the diagram below the 18 degree vertical beam angle shown corresponds to a preferred 8dBi 5GHZ omni antenna One can think of this vertical pattern as two right triangles back to back where each has a 9 degree angle one triangle facing up and one facing down relative to a horizontal line V Distance y V Distance H Distance Tan Angle ween phy Figure 7 1 Here is how the trigonometry works for omni directional antennas The side of each triangle opposite the 9 deg angle V distance represents the height above and below horizontal that the antenna s radiation pattern will cover given that you are some distance away for instance 800 ft The tangent of 9 degrees is 0 158 so at an 800 ft distance the pattern will cover a height of 126 feet 800 0 158 above as well as 126 feet below horizontal for a total vertical window of 252 feet If however the antenna on the first node is tilted only 3 degrees from vertical and tilted in the wrong direction relative to a second node the vertical connection window available at the second node is now reduced to that resulting from a 6 degree angle giving a height of 84 feet 800 0 105 from horizontal in the direction of interest instead of 126 feet As the distance between the mesh nodes grows the vertical window enlarges As the distance betwee
41. tification purposes For example MESH INIT A 00 01 4A These are the downlink radio and service radio AP of the root node Note Upon power up the node first senses if there is an Ethernet link on the left hand Ethernet port If it senses a link it configures itself as a root node If no Ethernet link is sensed the node assumes it Is a relay Its uplink radio then searches for other mesh node downlinks to connect to It first searches for a root node Upon failing it searches for a relay node that has established a chained link back to a root node If there are multiple relay node candidates it will connect to the relay that provides highest link quality based on test packet transmissions 10 If the Ethernet cables are good then the Ethernet will be sensed and the MESH INIT will change to StructuredMesh below If it does not check the Ethernet cables and connectivity back to the switch Fig 10 2 Chenne BSSID e Smoudieh A i Slrwchsediesh 1 O0 12CE In the image above one AP is on the 5 8GHz backhaul frequency band 802 11a This is the root node s downlink radio The other radio is the 2 4GHz AP client service on 802 11b g Connect the 802 11a b g radio card to both radios to verify wireless connectivity on both 802 11a and 802 11b g Network SSID Type WEP Signal HWIG D07 2005 2007 Meshdynamics All Rights Reserved Proprietary Information Patented and Patents Pending 14 mesh 1 Mount th
42. ule 2 4GHz uplink and downlink Backhaul BH 2 MD4320 II1x 3 Radio module 2 4GHz sectored BH slots 0 1 and 2 4GHz AP radio in slot 2 3 MD4325 I xl 3 Radio module 2 4GHz BH Downlink also acts as AP A 2 4GHz Mobility Scanner in slot 3 4 MD4424 I11 4 Radio module 2 4GHz service radios AP in all slots Use with 4 panel antennas ii 5GHz Backhaul Products Standard Configurations Ue Ue Be TO oan e MD4250 MD4350 MD4452 MD4454 MD4458 MD4455 Be Bo EE EE ES E MD4250 AAxx 2 Radio module 5GHz uplink and downlink Backhaul BH MD4350 AAIx 3 Radio module 5GHz BH and 2 4GHz AP radio in slot 2 AP modes may be b g orb amp g MD4452 AAIA 4 Radio module 5GHz BH and 2 4GHz AP radio Second sectored 5 8GHz downlink in slot 3 MD4454 AAAA 4 Radio module 5GHz with radios as downlinks Intended as root with four 90 deg panels MD4458 AAI1 4 Radio module 5GHz BH and two 2 4GHz AP radios in slots 2 3 for sectored service MD4455 AAIA 4 Radio module 5GHz BH and 2 4GHz AP radio in slot 2 5GHz mobility scanner in slot 3 OU B WN Fe Notes All 2 4G Downlinks and APs may be configured to support b only g only or b amp g client connectivity All 5 8G Downlinks may be configured to provide 802 11a client connectivity All radio interfaces support IEEE 802 11e differentiated Class of Service All radio interfaces support VLAN Multiple SSIDs Hidden SSIDs etc Backhaul traffic is always encrypted Client
43. vices The theory does not take into consideration two salient real world differences between backhauls and AP radios E Antennas are generally mounted on rooftops Backhaul antennas have free space line of sight connectivity However the antennas of the AP also mounted on roof tops must connect with clients on the ground The clients do not have 8dBi antennas In general they have no external antennas The path from AP antennas to the 2 4GHz client radios is often not clear line of sight Additionally there is significant 2 4GHz RF interference in urban areas Lack of high gain antennas on clients client antennas are typically OdBi poor line of sight and co channel interference contribute to limited AP to client distance Table B1 NOTE The receive sensitivity transmit power and ranges relate to AP client TCP IP throughputs of 18 22 Mbps Table B1 or z 20 23 a of 2400 545 1788 o2 735 20 24 8j of 2400 420 1375 o3 5 20 25 8 oj 2400 329 1080 o4 5 20 26 8 oj 2400 264 864 Clients on the same AP also can also create RF interference due to Hidden Node effects The AP has big ears high receive sensitivity Though clients radios are lower power soft voice the AP hears them The AP also has a loud voice high transmit power so clients with smaller ears hear it But clients may not be able to hear each other such as when clients are relatively far from each other The clients are thus hidden fro
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