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Apple Style Guide

1. Chapter 2 Style and usage 98 Version name If a version of the operating system has a name in addition to the version number you can use the name following the version number on first occurrence Don t use quotation marks or parentheses around the version name Thereafter it s OK to use the name without the version number or omit Mac OS X and use just the version name First occurrence If you re using Mac OS X v10 6 Snow Leopard Thereafter If you re using Mac OS X Snow Leopard Acceptable lf you re using Snow Leopard Mac OS X version names are Cheetah v10 0 Puma v10 1 Jaguar v10 2 Panther v10 3 Tiger v10 4 Leopard v10 5 and Snow Leopard v10 6 When you use version numbers and names for both Mac OS X and OS X versions in one sentence put the version name first followed by the version number Update to Mac OS X Snow Leopard v10 6 8 then update to OS X Lion v10 7 2 See also OS X Mac OS X Server Use for versions of Mac OS X Server earlier than OS X Server version 10 7 Use only to refer to the server software don t use to refer to a computer with Mac OS X Server installed Call the computer the server or the server with Mac OS X Server installed Correct You can give users access to the server Incorrect Create a password to make your Mac OS X Server more secure e Version number When indicating a version of Mac OS X Server use either version or v closed up without a period following
2. Table notes and footnotes force quit Don t use force quit as a verb Correct You can force an app to quit Incorrect You can force quit an app format n Refers to the arrangement and appearance of text graphics and other elements such as footers on a page format v When you refer to disks format and initialize mean the same thing form factor Avoid use design enclosure or another term form feed n form feed adj Note hyphenation of adjective Fortran Note capitalization forward compatibility Not future compatibility or upward compatibility forward compatible adj Note hyphenation Forward Delete key A key that deletes the character to the right of the insertion point e Apple keyboards On the Apple Keyboard with Numeric Keypad this key is labeled delete and it also has a right pointing arrow with an x in it OK to abbreviate as Fwd Del if space is tight Apple keyboards without a numeric keypad don t have this key Windows keyboards On Windows keyboards the equivalent to the Forward Delete key is the Delete key the key that s equivalent to the Apple Delete key is the Backspace key Chapter 2 Style and usage 63 fps Abbreviation for frames per second Include a space between the number and fps 24 fps See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations fractions In user materials spell out fractions whose denominator is 10 or lower except in specification li
3. computer voice See code font connect Use to refer to the act of hooking devices together don t use attach or hook up You connect USB devices to a computer and you can connect computers to an Ethernet network Don t use connect when you mean plug in See also plug in v plug into v connector Use to refer only to an item that can be plugged into a receptacle such as a slot port or socket Use the following terminology edge connector the connector on the edge of a peripheral card fits into a slot minicircular connector an 8 pin connector Don t use mini DIN plug a connector with prongs or pins In user materials describe connectors by their shape and size by the icon that appears on the connector or in another way appropriate to the context The user should be able to identify the connector easily even if she or he doesn t know the terminology Chapter 2 Style and usage 37 Avoid obscure names such as power input unit in favor of more direct terms such as plug Don t use male or female to describe types of connectors Compare jack port slot socket constitute Parts constitute a whole A whole comprises parts Compare comprise Contacts contacts Capitalize when referring to the app name Use Contacts to call someone get help using Contacts Use lowercase to refer to a user s collection of contacts Add a contact update your contacts See also iCloud contextual menu The menu that appears when a user
4. Avoid To learn how to use Pages take the online tutorial Preferable To learn how to use Pages take the onscreen tutorial Note that it s OK to use online to describe tutorials and other materials that are available on the Internet Learn how to get the most out of iTunes by taking the online tutorials available at the Apple website on off switch Not on off button onscreen adj adv One word onsite adj adv One word Exception to American Heritage on the go playlist Note hyphens onto on to Use on to when on is part of the verb Correct Lift the printer onto the table Incorrect Lift the printer on to the desk Correct Hang on to the handles See also into in to open Users open icons folders documents and apps See also close OpenGL An industry standard 3D graphics application programming interface opening display Not splash screen opening display startup display and startup screen are all OK open source n adj No hyphen Open Transport Note capitalization OpenType A font technology developed by Microsoft and Adobe Chapter 2 Style and usage 112 operating system n operating system adj Note hyphenation of adjective For a list of the names of operating systems see Software and technologies on page 178 in Chapter 4 Apple product names See also iOS Mac OS OS X optical disc CDs and DVDs are optical discs OK to use optical disc optical media or the type of CD or DVD Se
5. CPU Abbreviation for central processing unit Avoid in user materials use processor to refer to the chip and use computer or system to refer to the computer itself See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations See also computer processor system CR Abbreviation for carriage return Use only when you refer specifically to ASCII character 0D or its equivalent Explain the term carriage return if your audience includes first time computer users See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations Use return character when you write about for example searches for return characters Use Return key for the key you press crash Don t use use quits unexpectedly doesn t respond or stops responding If you must use this word put it in quotation marks and reassure the reader that the term crash doesn t imply damage to hardware or software creator types Use code font for creator type names which must consist of exactly four characters one of which may be a space inside straight single code font quotation marks ttxt MPS crosshair One word Refers to this pointer cross references Guidelines for cross references vary by department document type and delivery method This section provides general guidelines but always consult your department s style guidelines if in doubt about which style to use and be consistent within a document e To document titles In gene
6. Correct Learn more about MacBook features Incorrect Learn more about MacBook s features Third party trademarks For third party trademarks follow the usage guidelines posted by the third party company Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol See TCP IP Trash Use an article drag the file to the Trash tray loading adj Not tray load See also slot loading adj troubleshoot v troubleshooting n adj One word tune in to Three words See also into in to turn on turn off OK to use when you describe power to a computer or peripheral device You can also use turn on to describe enabling features such as file sharing as in turn on file sharing See also startup n adj start up v switch on switch off TV Not TV set or television set TV monitor Don t use Use video monitor or monitor twisted pair cable Note hyphenation two dimensional See 2D type n Use in general references to the text that appears on a page Don t use type when you mean font or font family type v Use to describe the act of pressing keys to produce characters on the screen Use code font or quotation marks to represent what the user actually types depending on your department s style guidelines Type PR 4 To move the playhead to 01 22 14 19 type 01221419 and press Return Chapter 2 Style and usage 154 Use regular text font to describe generically what the user types Type a new timecode value and press
7. Correct Press the key to set the start point for the selection You press and quickly release the key Incorrect Hold down the O key to set the end point for the selection You press and quickly release the O key See also click press touch and hold Hold switch The switch on some iPod models that enables and disables the controls Chapter 2 Style and usage 72 Home button The physical button on iOS devices that returns the user to the Home screen Use press to mean pressing the Home button once use double click or triple click to mean pressing it more than once home folder home directory In OS X a home folder is a folder for a user s personal use Your home folder provides a secure place to keep your documents In developer materials use home directory See also directory folder pathnames homepage One word Use to refer to a webpage that serves as the directory or entry point to a website Don t use to refer to an entire website Correct The Apple homepage has a link to the Apple Online Store where you can purchase Apple products Correct Visit the Apple website for more information about Apple products Incorrect Visit the Apple homepage to purchase products Home screen The main screen on iOS devices Users can add multiple Home screens The Home screen contains icons not buttons that the user taps home theater n adj Note spelling your home theater a home theater system host name Two w
8. Don t use a hyphen or an en dash in predicate adjectives that include based Each track in a sequence is assigned an index value that is zero based base station A device that transmits and receives data in a wireless network also called access point wireless access point or wireless router Capitalize in product names AirPort Express Base Station AirPort Extreme Base Station See also AirPort batteries Describe batteries in terms of the number required size and type Include only the appropriate information lithium ion battery lithium polymer battery eight AAA alkaline batteries one AA rechargeable nickel cadmium battery two nickel metal hydride batteries Abbreviate the battery type only if space is limited Abbreviations include the following NiCd nickel cadmium Li lithium Li ion lithium ion NiMH nickel metal hydride Chapter 2 Style and usage 21 bay An opening in the computer in which a battery or peripheral device can be installed Use a more specific name when appropriate drive bay storage bay or expansion bay because See since because below You can use below to describe text or an object that closely follows the current paragraph and can t be referred to using a cross reference or figure number The diagram below shows a typical network configuration later figure The process for creating a multicam project is outlined below later text To learn how to skip slides see Skip a slide below
9. Thereafter Press Control Modifier keys Capitalize the names of modifier keys Control key Option key Shift key Command key Esc key Punctuation keys and nonalphanumeric keys When a punctuation key or nonalphanumeric key is used in a combination keystroke or as a modifier for the word key capitalize the key name However use lowercase for punctuation marks and nonalphanumeric symbols in other contexts Option Shift Hyphen press the Hyphen key type a hyphen Placing the punctuation mark or symbol in parentheses after the spelled out key name is optional but be consistent within a document Shift Command Tilde Chapter 2 Style and usage 88 Keyboard shortcuts using combination keystrokes In combination keystrokes use hyphens to signify that the user should hold down the first key or keys while pressing the last key Don t use a hyphen if each key should be pressed and released separately Be sure to explain this convention on first use Control Shift N Esc N Capitalize but don t italicize or use code font for letters used as key names Command C Command X If there s more than one modifier key use this order Control Option Shift Command When a keyboard shortcut includes a mouse or trackpad action use lowercase for the mouse or trackpad action Option click Option swipe with three fingers Two word key names When one of the key names in a combination keystroke is two words or a hyphenated word use
10. US Letter A 8 50 by 11 00 inches Orientation ti fa Scale A dialog appears Don t use dialog box Dialogs include alerts which contain error messages or warnings about potentially hazardous situations or actions Although a dialog can be implemented as a sheet attached to a window don t use sheet in user materials Examples Open dialog Print dialog Save As dialog Save Changes alert In developer materials use panel rather than dialog in most contexts because dialogs are created with programming symbols such as NSOpenPanel When however the dialog is seen by the developer as a user sees it such as when giving instructions for using developer apps use dialog Note that entities that are panels programmatically can be windows rather than dialogs in user terminology for example the NSFontPanel class implements the Fonts window Compare alert n adj pane sheet window dialog box Don t use use dialog dialog message Don t use use message dialogue Use dialogue not dialog to refer to spoken words dial up adj Note hyphenation Don t use dial up as a verb different from Not different than Make sure that the elements being compared are parallel nouns Correct The Mac user interface is different from that of a Windows PC Incorrect The Mac user interface is different than that of a Windows PC Incorrect The Mac user interface is different from a Windows PC Chapter 2 Style and us
11. e Text headings e Cross references to parts chapters or sections e Entries in the table of contents Internet or web addresses Figure captions or callouts Chapter 2 Style and usage 34 e Names of files folders or directories System or alert messages If you quote a system message or alert message exactly as it appears on the screen use body font in quotation marks If you paraphrase a message use body font without quotation marks If your source clip isn t as long as the duration between the sequence start and end points you see an Insufficient content for edit message When a message appears asking if you want to clear the keyboard layout click Yes See also Technical notation overview on page 185 code names Use exactly the same form for a product s code name throughout a document If the name is sometimes misspelled or otherwise treated inconsistently a global search and replace operation isn t possible In final documentation don t refer to a product by its code name unless marketing specifically decides to associate the code name with the product cold start n v cold start adj Not coldstart colons Avoid using colons in text headings If you must use a colon in a heading capitalize the first word after the colon regardless of its part of speech Setting Up A Beginner s Guide Precede all lists with colons whether the sentence before the colon is a complete thought or a partial t
12. iCloud pushes new photos to all your iOS devices Don t use iOS device if it s important to be more specific for example if you need to clarify which devices a particular app or accessory is compatible with If you have an iPhone or iPod touch you can use the Keynote Remote app on that device to control presentation playback on your iPad When listing several iOS devices by name list them in the same order throughout a document for example always iPad iPhone and iPod touch The order you use might vary depending on the product IP Abbreviation for Internet Protocol See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations Chapter 2 Style and usage 84 iPad In general references don t use an article with iPad When referring to the user s particular iPad it s OK to use your Make sure to include a space in iPad 2 and iPad mini The capacity and generation if necessary can be listed before or after the name Use the numeral when the generation comes after the model name Don t shorten generation to gen or G for example fourth gen iPad or iPad 3G If you have iPad 2 or later you can take both still photos and videos The 64 GB iPad offers the most storage capacity iPad 2 16 GB 32 GB and 64 GB is still available for purchase The fourth generation iPad was announced in October 2012 The iPad 4th generation features a Retina display and a powerful A6X chip See also iPad iPhone and iP
13. later task Otherwise use a cross reference consult your department s guidelines about the style of cross references See also above cross references earlier later beta n adj A prerelease version of software or hardware Capitalize when part of a proper name Apple will give users a peek at the new app by releasing a public beta Apple has released a beta version of the next iOS Developers can now download iOS 6 Beta 4 bibliography If you ve relied on published sources other than Apple documents in writing a document you should credit those sources in a bibliography You can also use a bibliography to provide suggestions for further reading In longer or more complex documents you can place a bibliography at the end of individual chapters rather than at the end of the document Follow these guidelines for entries Author s name In each entry invert the first author s name last name first with a comma both before and after the first name or names Titles ltalicize book and periodical titles Enclose article titles in quotation marks Article Harrison Claire Visual Social Semiotics How Still Images Make Meaning Technical Communication February 2003 46 60 Edition numbers When you refer to an edition number use lowercase and spell out both the ordinal number and the word edition Technical Introduction to the Macintosh Family second edition Publisher s location Don t give the n
14. plus sign Not plus symbol p m Note periods 6 30 p m Use a space before the abbreviation podcast podcasting n v adj Terms include photo podcast and video podcast Use italics to refer to the title of a podcast series use quotation marks for the titles of episodes point n Use only when writing about font sizes Don t use as a synonym for dot or to describe a place or spot on the screen Express points using numerals Chapter 2 Style and usage 121 point v When you describe the desktop interface avoid using point as a verb Instead use move the pointer to or similar wording Preferable Hold the pointer over an item to see a description of what you can do with it Avoid Point to an item to see a description of what you can do with it pointer OK in general references but be specific whenever appropriate arrow crosshair l beam See also cursor insertion point X I Arrow Crosshair l beam point of presence See POP POP Acronym for point of presence access point to the Internet and Post Office Protocol When used as an acronym for Post Office Protocol POP must modify a noun as in POP server or POP ID See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms popover One word no hyphen Don t use in user materials instead simply describe what the user must select or do If necessary you can use in the list that appears or similar wording Don t call it a dialog or window C
15. s relevant to refer to people having a disability refer to the people first and the disability second Correct Apple provides innovative solutions for students with disabilities Incorrect Apple provides innovative solutions for disabled students See also allow enable v enabled adj let disc Use disc or optical disc when you refer to optical storage media such as CDs and DVDs For magnetic storage media such as hard disks use disk See also CD DVD disclosure button A button containing a triangle that expands a dialog or utility window to provide additional choices that are associated with a specific list based selection control Save as untied 00 Disclosure buttons point down in the closed position When the user clicks a disclosure button the window expands and the disclosure button triangle points up Compare disclosure triangle disclosure triangle A button that reveals or hides options when clicked not the disclosure button It s usually not necessary to mention that it s closed pointing to the right or open pointing down Correct You can click the disclosure triangle to reveal more information Avoid You can click the closed disclosure triangle pointing to the right to reveal more information The Info window contains disclosure triangles gt General gt More Info YV Name amp Extension File1 rtf Hide extension gt Open with Compare disclosure button C
16. up arrow Use to refer to the small arrow that users click to increase a value in a stepper Click the up arrow to increase the text indent Text Indent 0 5 in gt See also stepper Up Arrow key Up Arrow key When you refer to arrow keys generically use lowercase When you refer to one or more arrow keys by name capitalize and use the complete name See also arrow keys update Use to refer to something that updates a major version of software but doesn t upgrade it to the next major version if one exists For example the OS X v10 74 Update is an update to OS X v10 7 3 Don t use maintenance release or dot release See also upgrade upgradable Not upgradeable upgrade Use to refer to a major standalone version of a software product For example OS X Mountain Lion is an upgrade to OS X Lion See also update upload One word Reword if possible but OK to use when you refer to copying files to a server Avoid using upload to refer to what iCloud does instead content is stored is kept up to date appears automatically and so on Avoid Every new photo you take is uploaded to your photo stream Preferable Every new photo you take appears in your photo stream See also iCloud uppercase n adj One word no hyphen When used in conjunction with lowercase as a noun or to modify a noun use uppercase and lowercase both words spelled out in that order upside down adj Note hyphenation uptime One word
17. It s OK to omit the article in phrases such as for Mac and PC Rewrite to avoid using the plural or possessive form check with an Apple editor regarding exceptions Use a noun such as computer personal computer or system don t use machine CPU or PC For a list of Mac model names see Apple product names overview on page 174 Mac App Store Apps for the Mac are available in on or from the Mac App Store Precede the name with an article in text Don t abbreviate as MAS Find the item you want on the Mac App Store To download OS X Mountain Lion from the Mac App Store open the App Store app on your computer After the first reference to the Mac App Store you can use the full name or simply the store To prevent confusion avoid using the store if you re referring to both the Mac App Store and the App Store for iOS devices See also App Store Chapter 2 Style and usage 97 MacBook The names of MacBook models can be used with or without an article You can install additional memory in the MacBook Pro MacBook Air is designed for quick and easy setup For a list of model names see Portable computers on page 174 in Chapter 4 Apple product names Mac Help The help system for Mac OS X Snow Leopard and earlier versions See also help Help Center machine Don t use when you mean computer machine language n machine language adj Note hyphenation of adjective Macintosh See Mac Mac mini The name can be used wit
18. Usage is slightly different in each case follow the guidelines below On desktop computers and portable computers Drag refers to the act of positioning the pointer pressing and holding down the mouse or trackpad button moving the mouse or on a trackpad the user s finger and then releasing the mouse or trackpad button If you re writing for novice users you might need to define drag on first mention Use drag to refer to actions users perform with objects onscreen For example a user can drag an onscreen item such as a folder or file drag a control such as a slider or drag across part of the screen for example to create a shape or select an area of a document to work with Don t use drag the mouse or drag the pointer Correct Drag the Volume slider to change the volume Correct Choose Tools gt Annotate gt Rectangle and then drag to create a rectangle Incorrect Drag the mouse to draw a rectangle Don t use click and drag Don t use place put or move when you mean drag Correct Drag your songs into the order you want Correct Drag the icon to the Trash Incorrect Click and drag the icon to the Trash Incorrect Put the icon in the Trash On devices with Multi Touch screens Drag refers to the act of moving one finger across the screen Note that although some portable Mac computers have Multi Touch trackpads dragging on a Multi Touch trackpad fits the description given above for desktop and portable
19. and still image files stop A general term meaning to cause a process command or program to cease Don t use when you mean quit an app See also exit interrupt quit style of type Not typestyle or type style sub prefix Close up words beginning with sub subaccount submenu subdirectory subnetwork subdirectory In developer materials can be used to refer to a directory within another directory In user materials use folder See also folder submenu indicator Refers to the triangular symbol that indicates an additional set of choices in a menu Move Left gt f submenu indicators Move Right gt submenus Use when you describe hierarchical menus When the user highlights a menu item with a triangular indicator a submenu appears Undo Close Tab Z Redo TEZ Cut X Copy Paste V Paste and Match Style X amp V Delete Select All RA AutoFill Form QEA Google Search XEF Spelling and Grammar gt i Substitutions p Find BF Transformations Find Next 2G Speech b Find Previous TEG Start Dictation fnan Hide Find Banner DEF Special Characters Use Selection for Find 38E Jump to Selection 3J Chapter 2 Style and usage 142 To describe choosing an item from a submenu use this style Choose Edit gt Find gt Find Next See also choose menus super prefix Close up words beginning with super supercomputer superfine supermodern SuperDrive An optical drive that reads and wr
20. anti aliased adj Note hyphenation Don t use anti alias as a verb API Abbreviation for application programming interface not application program interface See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations apostrophes Use the curly apostrophe Option Shift Right Bracket except in code font and for units of measure See also plurals possessives quotation marks app application program An app short for application is a computer program that performs a specific task such as a word processor game and so on Use app when referring to apps for iOS devices Tap a photo to open it in the Photos app In user materials you can use app instead of application to refer to software for the Mac but be consistent within a document Either term is acceptable but app is becoming the preferred term If the audience might not be familiar with the use of app for Mac software you can use application for the first or defining reference in a page or section and use app for subsequent references Acceptable first reference You can buy and download apps applications from the Mac App Store Subsequent references The Mac App Store notifies you when app updates are available Use for iOS or for Mac to identify apps that have the same name in both environments If you added a 3D chart to your presentation in Keynote for Mac the chart is converted to a 2D chart in Keynote for iOS In developer materials us
21. http www apple com store for information about current accessories e Apple 5W USB Power Adapter Apple 10W USB Power Adapter Apple 12W USB Power Adapter e Apple 30 pin Digital AV Adapter e Apple 30 pin to USB Cable e Apple 30 pin to VGA Adapter Apple Battery Charger e Apple Composite AV Cable AppleDesign Powered Speakers AppleDesign Powered Speakers II e Apple Digital AV Adapter Chapter 4 Apple product names 176 e Apple Earphones e Apple Earphones with Remote and Mic e Apple EarPods Apple EarPods with Remote and Mic Apple Headphone e Apple HDMI to HDMI Cable e Apple In Ear Headphones Apple In Ear Headphones with Remote and Mic e Apple iPad Dock e Apple iPhone 4 Dock e Apple iPhone TTY Adapter e Apple iPod Dock e Apple Pro Speakers Apple Remote e Apple Thunderbolt Cable Apple Thunderbolt to FireWire Adapter Apple Thunderbolt to Gigabit Ethernet Adapter e Apple TV e Apple Universal Dock e Apple USB Ethernet Adapter e Apple USB Power Adapter e Apple USB Modem e Apple Wireless Keyboard Apple World Traveler Adapter Kit iPad mini Smart Cover iPad Smart Case iPad Smart Cover iPhone Bluetooth Headset iPhone 4 Bumpers e iPhone Stereo Headset e iPod Hi Fi iPod In Ear Headphones iPod touch loop e iPod Universal Dock iPod Universal Dock Adapter e iSight Lightning Digital AV Adapter e Lightning to Micro USB Adapter e Lightning to SD Card Ca
22. or track or when expressing amounts of memory Open the ejectors on slots 1 2 and 3 8 pin minicircular connector Your Mac Pro comes with a minimum of 6 GB of memory To form ordinal numbers larger than ten add st nd rd or th to the numeral as appropriate For numbers of the same category within a paragraph if any of the numbers is larger than 10 We have 25 computers and 4 printers on the network Computers and printers are the same category There are two kinds of 32 bit registers Kinds of registers and bits are different categories e For units of measure inches feet seconds pixels points no matter how small the number is For a list of units of measure see Units of measure overview on page 168 e To express an approximation Cocoa includes definitions for more than 250 additional classes Follow these additional guidelines for numbers Ranges of numbers Use an en dash between numbers that represent the endpoints of a continuous range bits 3 17 Use the full concluding number in a range of numbers Correct 2013 2015 Incorrect 2013 15 Commas Use a comma to set off numbers of five digits or more If your editor has asked you to follow international style see Decimals on page 195 in Chapter 8 International Style 1024 65 536 Don t use a comma in memory addresses or in numbers representing microprocessors SFFFF FFFF 68020 microprocessor Plural Form the plural of a numbe
23. site license site licensing n adj No hyphen size adj Hyphenate compound words ending with size Not sized letter size medium size pocket size size v Don t use use resize or change the size of in reference to a window or an object slash Use slash to describe this character See also backslash sleep An energy saving feature of some computers The computer goes to sleep or the user can put it to sleep the computer is then in sleep or in sleep mode Don t use the computer is sleeping or the computer is asleep slider The object users drag to set a value on a continuum a range of values The whole control is called the slider control slideshow One word slot A long thin socket on the main logic board where peripheral cards are inserted Don t use connector to refer to a slot Use lowercase for slot when it s followed by a number slot 1 slot 2 Compare connector jack port socket slot loading adj Not s ot load See also tray loading adj small outline dual inline memory module See SO DIMM Smart When you refer to items that are updated automatically based on search criteria the user selects capitalize both the word Smart and the noun it modifies Smart Album Smart Collection Smart Folder Smart Group Smart Mailbox Smart Playlist smart card Note lowercase smartphone One word SMTP Abbreviation for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling ou
24. Autoplay The feature is lowercase the button name is capitalized Auto Save Two words Refers to the feature in OS X Lion and later for automatically saving work Don t use as a verb autosync n v adj Note spelling AVCHD Abbreviation for Advanced Video Coding High Definition a high definition digital video format for recording and playback See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations Chapter 2 Style and usage 20 B back end n back end adj Note hyphenation of adjective backlight n backlit adj One word back panel Two words backslash Use backslash to describe this character See also slash backspace n v adj One word Backspace key A key on Windows keyboards that s equivalent to the Delete key on a Mac keyboard backup n adj back up v One word except as a verb no hyphen Capitalize when part of a product name iCloud Backup backward adv Not backwards when you refer to direction But in certain other contexts such as putting a card in backwards it s OK to use backwards backward compatibility Not backwards compatibility backward compatible adj Note hyphenation bandwidth One word based Use a hyphen in compound adjectives that include based Mac based standards based Windows based Intel based Use an en dash Option Hyphen if based follows a term with two or more words open standards based Windows XP based Intel Xeon based
25. Chapter 4 Apple product names 181 e NetRestore Newsstand e Notes e Notification Center Numbers OpenCL e Open Directory OSX lt OS X Server e Pages Passbook e Phone Photo Booth Photos e Photocasting e Photo Stream e Podcast Capture e Podcast Composer Podcast Producer e Power Nap e Preview e Production Suite Quartz Quartz 2D Quartz Composer Quartz Compositor e Quartz Extreme e QuickDraw e QuickDraw 3D e Quick Look e QuickTime QuickTime Player e QuickTime Pro QuickTime Streaming Server Reminders e Remote e Remote Disc Rendezvous e Rosetta e Safari Server Chapter 4 Apple product names 182 e Server Preferences Settings e Shake e Sherlock e Siri SnapBack Software Update Server e Soundtrack e Soundtrack Pro Spaces Spotlight Spotlight Server e Stacks e Stickies e Stocks e Sudden Motion Sensor System Information System Preferences e System Profiler Terminal TextEdit Thunderbolt e Time Machine e TrueType e Velocity Engine e Videos e Voice Memos e VoiceOver e WaveBurner e Weather e Web Clip Weblog Server WebObjects Web Server e Wiki Server X11 for Mac OS X e Xcode Xgrid e Xsan Chapter 4 Apple product names 183 The following are Mac OS X OS X Mac OS X Server and OS X Server version numbers through OS X Mountain Lion v10 8 and their corres
26. Dual Core Intel Xeon Quad Core Intel Xeon and 6 Core Intel Xeon You can shorten the name to Intel Xeon or Xeon Use an en dash in phrases such as Intel Xeon based Mac Don t use terms such as Intel Xeon Mac See also dual core adj Intel Core interface card Refers to a type of peripheral card that implements an interface to other devices internal disk drive Use either internal disk drive or built in disk drive internet Short for internetwork refers to any large network made up of a number of smaller networks Compare Internet intranet Internet Refers to the worldwide network made up of interconnected networks that use the TCP IP networking protocol When used as a noun always preceded by the Don t use Internet and World Wide Web or web interchangeably the web is just one part of the Internet Compare internet intranet Chapter 2 Style and usage 82 Internet addresses An Internet address can specify an address on the World Wide Web WWW or on other Internet sites such as File Transfer Protocol FTP and Telnet sites The part of the address before the colon called the scheme indicates the protocol that s used for transferring data from the server to the user s computer website http samples examples com FTP site ftp myfiles hobbies org Telnet site telnet games transfer com An Internet address includes a suffix that indicates the domain to which the address belongs Examples of domain suffixes include ed
27. Library Keychains folder Chapter 2 Style and usage 116 e Relative path lf there s no leading slash the path is a relative path that is relative to some location other than the root folder Make sure the file is in Library Application Support Home folder In user materials use your to indicate that the item being described is in the user s home folder Use plain English no slashes to describe folders that are just one or two levels deep Your files are saved in your Documents folder Your fonts are located in the Fonts folder in your Library folder If the folders go more than two levels deep you can use slashes to avoid awkward construction and wordiness Don t use a leading slash because that would indicate that the starting point is at the top level of the startup disk not the user s home folder Copy the file to Library Application Support Address Book in your home folder For more technical audiences you can use a tilde to specify a path within the user s home folder The files are saved in Documents Copy the file to Library Application Support Address Book You can also use an absolute path with the word username in italics Each user s files are saved in Users username Documents Terminating slash A terminating slash indicates that the final element of the path is a folder rather than a file You can choose whether or not to use a terminating slash but be consistent within a document Y
28. Lion Server is the last version of server that includes a standalone operating system Beginning with OS X v10 8 OS X Server is an app that users install on a system that has OS X installed Use OS X Server only to refer to the server software don t use to refer to a computer with OS X Server installed Call the computer the server or the server with OS X Server installed Correct You can give users access to the server Incorrect Create a password to make your OS X Server more secure Version number When indicating a version of OS X Server use either version or v closed up without a period following OS X Server OS X Server version 2 2 OS X Server v2 2 e Version name Beginning with v2 0 don t use a version name for example use OS X Server not Mountain Lion Server For Lion if a version of the operating system has a name in addition to the version number you can use the name following the version number on first occurrence Thereafter it s OK to use lt version name gt Server for example Lion Server Don t use quotation marks or parentheses around the version name Correct OS X Server Lion Server Incorrect Mountain Lion Server OS X Server Mountain Lion OS X Mountain Lion Server OS X Server Lion OS X Lion Server In developer materials don t use version names such as Lion use version numbers only See also Mac OS X Server outbox One word outline font Not outlined font output n adj Avoid a
29. Mac OS X Server Version name If a version of the operating system has a name in addition to the version number you can use the name following the version number on first occurrence Thereafter it s OK to use lt version name gt Server for example Snow Leopard Server Correct Mac OS X Server Snow Leopard Server Incorrect Mac OS X Server Snow Leopard Mac OS X Snow Leopard Server Don t use quotation marks or parentheses around the version name In developer materials don t use version names such as Snow Leopard use version numbers only See also OS X Server Mac Pro Use an article before the name Correct The Mac Pro features four full length expansion slots Incorrect Mac Pro features four full length expansion slots Macworld Note capitalization not MacWorld Mail Capitalize when referring to the app name You can use Mail to send and receive email See also iCloud Chapter 2 Style and usage 99 mailbox One word In Mail a mailbox is essentially a folder which can contain messages sent draft and received email and other mailboxes mailbox list The list of mailboxes on the left of the viewer window in OS X Mail main logic board Not motherboard or main circuit board You can also use main board main memory Not central memory male connector Don t use use plug See also connector manual Use manual to refer generically to print or PDF documentation that comes with a computer or another product Yo
30. Service JMS JavaServer Pages JSP JavaScript Java Servlets and Java virtual machine JVM jiggle Use this not wiggle to describe the movement of icons on the Home screen of an iOS device Joint Photographic Experts Group See JPEG JPEG Acronym for Joint Photographic Experts Group pronounced JAY peg JPEG usually refers to the image compression standard that this group developed for color and grayscale images It s not necessary to spell out JPEG on first occurrence junk mail n adj Two words Avoid spam justification Don t use to refer to the alignment of text to the right or left margin use alignment Text that s aligned on both the right and the left margins is justified Compare alignment K K Don t use use KB K 12 Note en dash Option Hyphen K 12 education KB n adj Abbreviation for kilobyte KB equals 1000 bytes in the context of file size or disk storage capacity or 1024 bytes in the context of computer memory See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations Noun In the noun form use a space between the numeral and the abbreviation The preposition of is necessary before the unit that the value quantifies 800 KB of memory Adjective Don t hyphenate the adjective form a 687 KB file kbit n adj Abbreviation for kilobit See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations Noun In the noun form use a space betwee
31. Style and usage 64 FTP Abbreviation for File Transfer Protocol Avoid as a verb use transfer files instead The UNIX command ftp is all lowercase In the term anonymous FTP the a is lowercase See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations Correct You use FTP software to transfer files from a remote computer to your hard disk Correct You use the ftp command to transfer files from a remote computer to your hard disk Incorrect You can FTP files from a remote computer to your hard disk full Use a hyphen in compound adjectives beginning with full full duplex full featured full height full page full screen full size Don t use a hyphen with fully fully buffered fully charged fully loaded full screen adj full screen pred adj Note hyphenation full screen controls view full screen functionality Avoid Use function feature or another appropriate term such as behavior performance speed capacity or reliability Function key See Fn key function keys The keys on a keyboard labeled F1 F2 F3 and so on Note that function is lowercase future tense Whenever possible use present not future tense Don t switch unnecessarily from present to future tense when present tense is sufficient to express a sequence of steps or events Conditional constructions Use present tense for conditional constructions such as the following Correct If the noWait parameter is true play f
32. Use to describe an item such as a menu item or an option in a dialog that the user can t select or choose because certain conditions aren t met The Copy command is unavailable if there s no text selected See also dimmed uncheck Don t use use deselect See also checkbox unclick Don t use use deselect See also checkbox under Don t use to describe an operating system environment Use in or with in OS X not under OS X unhighlight v Don t use Use deselect for the action of clicking to remove highlighting unhighlighted adj Don t use use not highlighted Compare unselected adj Chapter 2 Style and usage 155 Unicode A 16 bit character encoding standard developed by the Unicode Consortium used for representing characters as integers Uniform Resource Locator See URL uninstall OK to use uninstall and uninstaller See also install unit Don t use to refer to a hardware product Use a different noun as appropriate Correct Take apart the computer Incorrect Take apart the unit universal app An app optimized to run on all three iOS devices iPad iPhone and iPod touch universal binary An application library or framework that can be used on both PowerPC and Intel based Mac computers OK to use universal binary in developer documents in other contexts use Universal application Universal Disk Format See UDF Universal Serial Bus See USB UNIX All caps there s no spelled out version UNIX File Sy
33. a glossary Decide which terms you need to include and define for your readers Check to see if your department has a glossary from which you can cut and paste appropriate entries e Check other Apple documentation on related topics for highly specific definitions that may not appear elsewhere e Look in dictionaries or online resources or write your own definitions If you start with a definition from a source outside Apple make sure to rewrite the definition in your own words Format and structure of glossary entries The appearance of a glossary depends on the document design but follow these general guidelines for the format and structure of glossary entries A glossary is more than a list of definitions Entries should explain meanings by providing examples and context Entries can also include more than one definition an abbreviation any synonyms pronunciation advice and cross references to related terms Format of an entry The term to be defined is usually in boldface Don t capitalize the term unless it s a proper noun such as FireWire The definition in plain text starts with a capital letter and ends with a period The first clause of the definition can be a sentence fragment The fragment can begin with a prepositional phrase to set the context expression In AppleScript any series of words that has a value Other parallel phrases in the definition may also be sentence fragments otherwise use complete se
34. a project Note that you can omit the word then if you don t want to emphasize the sequential nature of two actions in a step Insert the CD and double click the icon that appears Chapter 2 Style and usage 150 If the actions are very short you can also omit the comma but be consistent Insert the CD and double click the icon that appears Avoid using then to introduce a subordinate clause that follows an if clause Preferable lf you use Contacts on your iPhone you just tap to make a call Avoid If you use Contacts on your iPhone then you just tap to make a call third party n third party adj The adjective is hyphenated Avoid in user materials If possible replace with another descriptive term such as not made by Apple or from other manufacturers Avoid lf you ve installed third party plug ins one of the plug ins could be causing the problem Preferable If you ve installed plug ins from manufacturers other than Apple one of those plug ins could be causing the problem thread In the context of a series of related files such as email messages items are in a thread You can reply to an earlier message in the thread three dimensional See 3D throw away Don t use when you mean drag an item to the Trash Correct After you ve expanded the compressed file drag it to the Trash Incorrect Throw away the compressed file after you expand it thumb Don t use when you mean scroller or slider tilde See
35. adj No hyphen A dual display mode in which the same image appears on two displays video port Don t use when you mean the port to which the display is connected use display port for Apple displays or monitor port for non Apple displays See also display port monitor port video random access memory See VRAM View control The four button unit for changing views of Finder windows The View control comprises the Icon View button the List View button the Column View button and the Cover Flow button See also Column View button Cover Flow button Icon View button List View button viewer window The main OS X Mail window where mailboxes and messages appear On first occurrence call it the Mail viewer window for later references use the viewer window virtual machine Note lowercase virtual memory Not Virtual Memory or VM voicemail One word Don t use as a verb voiceover One word Don t use as a verb Instead use record a voiceover or something similar voice quality microphone Note hyphenation volume disk Refers to a single storage area with a single file system It typically resides on a single partition of a single hard disk but it may span multiple partitions and hard disks In user materials use volume only if you need to match the user interface Otherwise use hard disk solid state drive or flash storage to refer to a specific kind of disk or just use disk to refer generically to storage that may include diffe
36. as One to One Learn about One to One personal training at the Apple Store In other references to Apple s online and retail stores use Apple Online Store or Apple Retail Store See also Apple Online Store Apple Retail Store Apple Support Capitalize in reference to Apple s service and support resources and staff use lowercase in general references to support Contact Apple Support for assistance with your new Mac You can get hands on technical support for your Apple products at the Genius Bar applet Can be any small application but usually refers to a piece of code that s attached to an HTML document on the World Wide Web Apple TV Two words Apple website To refer to the Apple website address use www apple com not apple com or Apple com Visit the Apple website at www apple com You can use Apple com to refer to the website in webpages and some other contexts See also Internet addresses application See app application program Application Chooser menu In VoiceOver a menu for navigating among open applications The menu appears when the user presses Control Option F1 twice Chapter 2 Style and usage 17 application menu The menu to the right of the Apple menu The application menu shows the app name in boldface You don t need to include the word application when you refer to a specific application menu Commands for hiding Mail and for showing and hiding other applications are in the Mail menu application
37. computers Users can drag to scroll through items drag controls or drag to pan around items such as photos and webpages Drag up or down to scroll through your contacts Drag the slider to unlock iPhone To move around in a webpage drag up down left or right Don t use tap and drag Correct Drag to see a different part of the map Incorrect Tap and drag to see a different part of the map Don t say drag your finger Correct Drag across the text Incorrect Drag your finger across the text See also flick n v gestures swipe n v Chapter 2 Style and usage 51 drag and drop v drag and drop adj Note hyphens in the adjective Avoid using drag and drop as a compound verb followed by an object dragging includes dropping the item into place Correct Drag the file to the printer icon Correct Using iPhoto you can create digital photo albums with drag and drop simplicity Correct Just drag and drop to add photos to your documents Incorrect Drag and drop the file onto the printer icon DRAM Acronym for dynamic random access memory Pronounced DEE ram See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms drawer A window that slides out from a parent window when the user clicks a button or chooses a command drive A drive holds disks or discs hard disk drive DVD drive Don t capitalize drive except in a product name such as SuperDrive Use disc disk or hard disk
38. dehighlighted for an item that isn t highlighted use not highlighted highlighting n No hyphen Don t use in user materials When an app displays a selection range it marks the range with highlighting high order bit n Not hi bit or hi bit High bit is an acceptable short form high resolution n high resolution adj Not hi res The short form high res n adj is OK in developer materials or when space constraints don t allow use of the full phrase as in column headings in tables Hindi Don t use when you refer to the writing system used to represent Hindi and several other Asian languages use Devanagari hi res Don t use use high resolution n or high resolution adj See also high resolution n high resolution adj hit n Don t use to refer to an item found in a search or to the act of connecting to a webpage Correct Many users connect to this website each day Incorrect This website receives many hits per day hit v Don t use to instruct users to press a key use press instead See also press hold down Use hold down to describe the act of pressing a key on the keyboard the mouse button or a mechanical button until a specified action or result occurs Don t use hold down when you mean press Press means to press and quickly release a key or mechanical button Correct Hold down the C key while you restart the computer You press the C key continuously until the computer starts up
39. en dashes where you would ordinarily use hyphens Option Right Bracket Option Command Up Arrow Option Command double click When referring to more than one key use the full name of each key Correct the Right Arrow or Left Arrow key Incorrect the Right or Left Arrow key Keys labeled with two characters When a key with two characters is used in a keyboard shortcut identify the key by the lower of the two characters unless the Shift key is part of the shortcut If the Shift key is part of the keyboard shortcut identify the key by the upper of the two characters Correct To close all stacks press Option Semicolon Incorrect To close all stacks press Option Colon Correct For more information press Shift Command Question Mark Incorrect For more information press Shift Command Slash If one of the characters on the key provides a mnemonic for the action of the command you can identify the key by that character To remove keyword presets 1 to 8 press Option Shift 1 to Option Shift 8 When the Shift key and a key with two characters are in a combination keystroke always show the Shift key as part of the keyboard shortcut don t show only the upper of the two characters and assume that the user will know to press the Shift key Correct To increase the Loupe diameter press Option Shift Plus Sign Incorrect To increase the Loupe diameter press Option Plus Sign Chapter 2 Style and usage 89 Key graphi
40. example items that open automatically The pane in the Users amp Groups pane of System Preferences is named Login Items Chapter 2 Style and usage 96 log on log off Don t use use log in and log out look and feel n No hyphens look up v lookup n adj Spell the verb as two words close up the noun or adjective lo res Don t use use low resolution n or low resolution adj See low resolution n low resolution adj low bit n low bit adj Note hyphenation of adjective Not o bit or lo bit Low bit is an acceptable short form of the noun low order bit lowercase n adj One word When you use lowercase in conjunction with uppercase as a noun or to modify a noun use uppercase and lowercase both words spelled out in that order low order bit n Not lo bit or lo bit Low bit is an acceptable short form low resolution n low resolution adj Not o res The short form low res adj is OK when space constraints don t allow use of the full phrase such as in column headings in tables M Mac Use Mac to describe Mac computers and related products a Mac computer the Mac a Mac your Mac Mac users the Mac platform Mac software Mac compatible products your Mac iPad iPhone and iPod touch a Mac or iOS device Mac computers and iOS devices for Mac and iOS your Mac or PC Mac computers and PCs for Mac and PC for Mac and Windows Mac is usually preceded by an article or pronoun in text
41. except when the word is part of a verb phrase or is used as another part of speech such as an adverb adjective noun or verb Starting Up the Computer Logging In to the Server Getting Started with Your MacBook Pro Chapter 2 Style and usage 29 When using title style capitalization capitalize The first and last word regardless of the part of speech The second word in a hyphenated compound except for Built in and Plug in High Level Events 32 Bit Addressing See also abbreviations and acronyms Caps Lock key Not Shift Lock captions See figure captions table captions card Refers to a removable circuit board that s installed in a slot Compare board See also interface card PCI PCI X peripheral card card names Capitalize the word card in a card name only if it s part of the name for example AirPort Extreme Card For generic names don t capitalize any part of the card name for example an internal modem card caret In developer materials use caret for the blinking bar that marks the insertion point In user materials the blinking bar is the insertion point Don t use caret when you mean circumflex A circumflex is an accent used in French words such as tre carriage return See CR carrier Use this or wireless carrier to refer to a mobile network operator that provides wireless communication services including network voice and data Don t use when you mean courier catalog Refers to
42. iTunes Choose Choose from the Store Files pop up menu and select a folder Smart quotation marks Most apps have an option called smart quotation marks which automatically generates curly quotation marks and apostrophes as you type See also italics titles of works Chapter 2 Style and usage 129 R racism racist language See fair language rackmount Refers to hardware that can be mounted in a rack Related terms include rackmountable rackmounted and rack optimized Use rackmounted only for equipment that s already installed in a rack radio button Refers to a button in the user interface like the ones shown here Use radio button only in developer materials use button in user materials e Radio Button 1 _ Radio Button 2 You click a button to select or deselect an option you can use the complete phrase click to select or just select You don t check or uncheck a button Compare checkbox radio frequency interference See RFI RAID Acronym for Redundant Array of Independent Disks a storage method in which data is distributed among two or more hard disk drives to improve performance and reliability Storage methods are called evels RAID level 0 RAID level 1 RAID level 0 1 and so on OK to shorten to RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 0 1 and so on See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms RAM Acronym for random access memory See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about
43. in display 168 e Plurals Unit symbols and abbreviations are unaltered in the plural forms for example Ib not bs International System of Units Use the unit symbol for units of the International System of Units SI after first occurrence If the unit symbol for meter could be confused with another term in your document spell out meter The maximum size for a memory card is 35 mm The Ethernet cable is 40 meters long Don t use a period after an SI unit unless the unit appears at the end of a sentence Mixing symbols and names Don t mix unit symbols and names m second or unit symbols and abbreviations U sec Don t mix a prefix name with a unit symbol kiloHz or a prefix symbol with a unit name khertz Prefixes for units of measure Factor Prefix Symbol or abbreviation 10 yotta Y 10 zetta Z 10 8 exa E 10 peta P 10 tera Bi 10 giga G 106 mega M 103 kilo k 10 hecto h 10 deka da 107 deci d 107 centi 103 milli m 10 micro u 10 nano n 1072 pico p 10 5 femto f 108 atto a 10 2 zepto Z 107 yocto y Chapter 3 Units of measure 169 Names and unit symbols for units of measure In the following table when a unit symbol includes a nonalphanumeric character the keystrokes that generate the character are included in brackets after the unit symbol or abbreviation Unit symbol or abbreviation Quantity ampere A ele
44. in both places don t use a see cross reference Universal Serial Bus USB 26 111 USB Universal Serial Bus 26 111 You can put the full entry in both places even when there are subentries but you must set a consistent cutoff point for using cross references instead of the full entry when the entry is more than five lines for example If an index entry is a term not used in the document always use a see cross reference to refer to the term that s in the document whether or not the entry has subentries booting See starting up Order of entries Follow these guidelines for the order of entries Alphabetizing Alphabetize letter by letter not word by word Ignore word spaces and all punctuation marks and symbols except commas and parentheses gray grayscale gray space For detailed information about letter by letter alphabetizing see The Chicago Manual of Style Numerals When an entry begins with a numeral list it in a numerical section at the beginning of the index 3S 10Base T 56K modem Entries in the numerical section can also appear subsequently in the index alphabetized as if they were spelled out Telnet 10Base T terminal Chapter 7 How to develop an index 192 When entries that contain numerals are grouped together in an alphabetical section of the index order the entries numerically within the group MP3 MP4 Headings Separate entries with alphabetic headings A B and so on A letter f
45. is enabled in Dock preferences Correct The Copy command isn t available because no text is selected Incorrect The Copy command isn t enabled because no text is selected Don t use enable when you mean give the ability to You can usually rewrite a sentence to avoid it Correct You can use iPhoto to edit your photos Correct To show a hidden photo choose View gt Hidden Photos It s OK to use enable to describe a task that makes other actions possible To use this website you must enable cookies Slide the Hold switch to enable the iPod buttons In developer materials it s OK to use enabled and disabled when you describe buttons menu items and the like See also allow disable v disabled adj let en dash See dash en end of file See EOF end user n end user adj Avoid in favor of user See also user energy management software No hyphen Chapter 2 Style and usage 56 energy saving adj Note hyphenation ENERGY STAR Note capitalization enhanced definition n enhanced definition adj Note hyphenation in enhanced definition enhanced definition TV ensure insure Use ensure to mean make sure or guarantee Use insure to describe what an insurance company does Compare assure enter Use enter not type to describe inputting text based information or data for example in a text field or spreadsheet or at a command line prompt Such text is typically entered by typing but it could also be c
46. left arrow to decrease the indent level Indent Level 2 e See also Left Arrow key stepper Left Arrow key When you refer to arrow keys generically use lowercase but capitalize and use the complete name when you refer to one or more arrow keys by name See also arrow keys left hand Avoid except in reference to left hand verso pages use just left whenever possible leftmost No hyphen left side Not left hand side less fewer Use less for quantity or bulk use fewer for countable items The fewer devices in your network system the less cable you need less than sign Note hyphenation Use less than sign not less than symbol to describe the lt symbol You can also use left angle bracket if appropriate in the context Compare angle brackets let Avoid using let when you can restructure the sentence to make the reader the subject Acceptable The Sort command lets you sort items in your document Preferable You use the Sort command to sort items in your document Or You sort items in your document with the Sort command See also allow disable v disabled adj enable v enabled adj letters as letters Italicize a letter when it s used as a letter e Plural Avoid using the plural if you must use an apostrophe and an s to form the plural but don t italicize the apostrophe or the s o s p s S S Fonts When you discuss fonts and character formation using italics for letters as letters may be mis
47. lists lists multicolumn Use a multicolumn list when you want to present simple data in tabular form without all the formal parameters of a table You can use column headings if you wish A multicolumn list doesn t have spanners row titles or stubs and it doesn t use horizontal rules as a table does Numbers and titles Multicolumn lists don t have numbers or titles If you need to refer to a list in text anywhere other than in the paragraph preceding the list use a standard table Length Don t use a multicolumn list for very complex sets of information or for very lengthy lists of data The entire list shouldn t exceed one page for best results in page layout the list should probably be no more than half a page long See also lists Chapter 2 Style and usage 94 lists numbered Use a numbered list when you want to stress the sequential nature of steps rules or instructions In numbered task lists steps each item should be a complete sentence Use sentence style capitalization for each item and end each item with closing punctuation Reduce an image s file size 1 Choose Tools gt Adjust Size 2 Select Resample image 3 Enter a smaller value in the Resolution field See also lists list view A way to display items in a list with one or more columns of data for example the list view in Finder windows List View button The button second from the left in the View control in Finder windows
48. measure 172 Unit symbol or abbreviation Quantity pound Ib weight poundal pdl force radian rad plane angle radians per second rad s angular velocity radians per second squared rad s angular acceleration revolutions per minute rpm angular velocity second s unit symbol or sec time abbreviation siemens amperes per volt S conductance square foot sq ft area square inch sq in area square meter m area square mile sq mi area square yard sq yd area steradian sr solid angle terabit Thit computer memory terabits per second Thit s standard speed of data transmission Tbps some Apple groups terabyte TB computer memory terabytes per second TB s standard speed of data transmission TB sec some Apple groups tesla webers per square meter T magnetic flux density ton tn or ton mass weight volt V electric potential difference electromotive force volt ampere See watt volts point to point aD electric potential volts root mean square V is electric potential watt joules per second W power watt hour Wh energy weber Wb magnetic flux webers per square meter See tesla yard yd length distance year yr time Chapter 3 Units of measure 173 Apple product names Apple product names overview This chapter lists the names of recent Apple products and services It also includes names of many discontinued products that may
49. network See also shared disk Chapter 2 Style and usage 136 sheet Refers to a dialog attached to a specific document window In user materials call a sheet a dialog sheet is used mainly in developer materials User materials When you choose Print the Print dialog appears Developer materials When the user responds to a sheet and another sheet for that document opens the first sheet must close before the second one opens Shift click v adj Note hyphenation The hyphen denotes a combined action Shift click is equivalent to press the Shift key and click Use the Shift click technique to select more than one icon To include another item in the selection Shift click it Shift key Note capitalization Shift lock Don t use use Caps Lock shortcut One word See also keyboard shortcut shortcut menu See menus shows up Don t use use appears OK to use show when referring to showing and hiding onscreen elements When your iPod appears in the iTunes window click the Photos button To show a hidden photo choose View gt Hidden Photos shuffle Lowercase except in the names of interface elements shuffle your songs click Shuffle to mix up your music Use iPod shuffle not shuffle to refer to the iPod model See also iPod shutdown n adj shut down v One word except as a verb sidebar One word A column in a Finder window or an app window that shows items such as available disks and other devices mailboxe
50. number a caller must dial to get an outside line like 9 The caller then dials the remaining digits Freephone numbers are usually impossible to dial globally even between Canada and the United States Providing a freephone number with a toll number allows customers to call no matter where they re from Usage Telephone number notations begin with the plus sign and are followed by a space the country code the city code and the number Breaks in national numbering plans may be represented by a space Toll free numbers are expressed in the local style You can reach Apple by calling 1 408 996 1010 or 800 692 7753 in North America You can reach Apple France by calling 33 1 69 86 34 00 or 0800 046 046 Chapter 8 International style 196 Units of measure Use only units of the International System of Units SI to express the values of quantities Equivalent values in customary units may be given in parentheses following SI values in cases where safety may be an issue or when they re used in a product s name International authority Bureau International des Poids et Mesures http www bipm org Standard BIPM SI Brochure United States interpretation is available from the Department of Commerce at http www nist gov pml pubs Usage Quantities are always expressed with a unit symbol Use a nonbreaking space Option Space bar between the quantity and its symbol Unit symbols are unaltered in the plural and are never hyph
51. programming interface See API Applications folder Use the Applications folder to refer to the Applications folder located at the top level of the hard disk and accessible to all users of a computer Use your Applications folder or a user s Applications folder to refer to the Applications folder located in the user s home folder application specific integrated circuit See ASIC app names Follow the style of the software itself for capitalization and spaces for example TextEdit Image Capture DigitalColor Meter iPhoto In general don t use the with app names Correct Open QuickTime Player Incorrect Open the QuickTime Player For a list of current Apple apps see Software and technologies on page 178 in Chapter 4 Apple product names App Store Apps for iOS devices are available in on or from the App Store Precede the name with an article in text Don t abbreviate as AS Find the item you want on the App Store You can purchase apps from the App Store After the first reference to the App Store you can use the full name or simply the store To prevent confusion avoid using the store if you re referring to both the Mac App Store and the App Store for iOS devices See also Mac App Store Aqua user interface Note capitalization arabic Arabic adj Use lowercase when you refer to numerals Capitalize when you refer to the script system See also roman Roman adj armband One word arrow In user mater
52. replaced by a value or symbol Use an embedded cap to connect two words that act as a single variable sourceFile Be consistent when you name variables for example don t alternate between commands and commandList Brackets Use regular text font for brackets that enclose something that s optional Pay close attention to punctuation Read file var system Use to refer to a computer and any peripheral devices accessories and software Don t use system to refer to the computer alone Correct The computer requires a folder named Applications in this location Incorrect The system requires a folder named Applications in this location System Administrator Avoid except when you re referring to the OS X user account identified as System Administrator long name and root short name Anyone with access to the System Administrator account can obtain read and write access to all settings and files on the system including hidden system files that a regular administrator user can t modify Each computer can have multiple administrator accounts but only one System Administrator account Lowercase system administrator is an acceptable and frequently used variant of the noun administrator To obtain a static IP address for your computer contact your system administrator or network administrator See also administrator n administrator adj system files Refers to any files used by the computer to start up or to
53. should be separate main entries For example synchronous communication and synchronous modem should each be main entries communication and modem should not be subentries of synchronous Use the subentry defined only when there are multiple page numbers for an entry if only one page number is given no subentry is necessary Wording Wording should be as terse as possible but it s OK to use prepositions and conjunctions such as in of and and to make the relationship between the main entry and subentry clear Ignore these small words when alphabetizing Commands Follow the names of commands routines and options with an identifier in the index entry especially when the same word or words have another meaning For example Print command rather than just Print eMAX function rather than just MAX PL option rather than just PL 191 Cross references Follow these guidelines for cross references See also Place see also references on a separate line immediately after the main entry Use semicolons to separate items in a list of cross references For example icons 4 See also apps disks documents folders See Use a see cross reference when there s more than one way to index a topic and a topic has subentries If Universal Serial Bus has subentries USB See Universal Serial Bus If connectors has subentries expansion connectors See connectors If the topic has no subentries put the page numbers
54. spelling out acronyms random access memory See RAM raw A format for image files Use lowercase raw is a generic term used to describe many different file types Don t use raw alone use raw file raw image raw setting and so on When you take photos using your camera s raw setting the camera creates a raw file that retains all the image data captured by the camera re prefix Usually closed up even when it forms a double vowel as in reenter and reinstall Exceptions include instances in which the resulting word creates another word Examples re create recreate re sort resort Reader Always capitalize when referring to the Safari feature Don t precede with the You can use Reader to view articles without distracting ads Reading List Always capitalize when referring to the Safari feature Refer to the user s Reading List as your Reading List You can add webpages to your Reading List Read Me A document usually in text only or Rich Text Format that accompanies a product and contains information the user needs to read before installing or using the product In user materials don t call such documents the Read Me or Read Me file Instead use the document s name enclosed in quotation marks Call a file Read Me only if that s the actual filename Chapter 2 Style and usage 130 For Read Me files that contain information other than before you install information for example those that provide the
55. start with a capital letter unless the word is a product name that begins with a lowercase letter or in developer materials is a computer literal that begins with a lowercase letter Punctuation within a list List items that are fragments or that complete the thought started by the main clause should not end with a period list items that are complete sentences should end with a period Parallelism Within a single list all bulleted items should be parallel Chapter 2 Style and usage 93 A regular sentence broken into a list This type of list emphasizes the parts of a series The syntax of the sentence is unbroken Using the Clock app you can Check on the time anywhere in the world Set an alarm Time an event Set a timer A simple list The main clause is an independent clause and each bulleted item is a sentence fragment The kernel environment has five major components e Mach BSD e Device drivers and the I O Kit Networking e File systems A complex list The main clause is an independent clause and each bulleted item is a complete sentence Follow these guidelines for password systems e Allow passwords to contain both alphabetic and numeric characters Allow passwords to be as long as is practical e Never display the password on the screen in clear text not even while the user is typing it e Provide a way for the user to verify the password when it s entered or changed See also
56. still be referred to in documents The names of Apple products and services appear in the following sections e Desktop computers on page 174 e Portable computers on page 174 iPad iPhone and iPod devices on page 175 e Servers on page 175 e Displays on page 175 Mac keyboards trackpads and mouse devices on page 176 Storage devices on page 176 e Wireless networking products on page 176 e Accessories on page 176 Software and technologies on page 178 Programs and services on page 184 Use the spelling and capitalization shown in this chapter Remember to use a nonbreaking space O ption Space bar with product names so that the entire name is on the same line of text Note that Apple continually introduces products and the list doesn t include every product in the selected categories For information about trademarks see the trademarks entries in Chapter 2 Style and usage D esktop computers iMac e Mac mini Mac Pro e Power Mac G5 Portable computers MacBook MacBook Air e MacBook Pro 174 rae iPhone and iPod devices iPad can be referred to as 1st generation iPad 2 iPad mini iPad can be referred to as 3rd generation or 4th generation iPhone iPhone 3G iPhone 3GS iPhone 4 e iPhone 4S iPhone 5 iPod iPod models can be referred to by generation for details see http www apple com support iPod classic e iPod nano
57. terms after stands for labeled named termed the term and so on If the term is an onscreen element however use plain text for elements whose names are capitalized title style use plain text in quotation marks for elements whose names are capitalized sentence style INIT stands for initialize A folder named New Folder appears Select the checkbox labeled Keep lines together See also titles of works iTunes Gift Card OK to shorten to card or gift card after the first reference iTunes Store Not iTunes Music Store or iTunes App Store Music movies and other features are available in on or from the iTunes Store Find your favorites in the iTunes Store Buy your favorites from the iTunes Store After the first reference to the iTunes Store you can use the full name or simply the store iTunes U An area of the iTunes Store and an iOS app that provide access to free educational content Chapter 2 Style and usage 86 J jack A small round 1 pin socket used in audio and video connections Don t use connector to refer to a jack See also connector port slot socket jargon Avoid jargon whenever possible Define technical terminology on first occurrence Java A programming language developed by Sun Microsystems Java technologies include Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition J2EE platform Java 2 Platform Standard Edition J2SE platform Java Database Connectivity JDBC Java Development Kit JDK Java Message
58. the keyboard you need to use the complete phrase click to select only if you think there s potential for confusion Both of the following examples are acceptable Click or tap to select a name in the list Select a name in the list e Interface items Although it s usually clearest to include an item s name if it has one and type of item such as a checkbox you can also refer to an item as an option or use only the item s name Select the option Object causes wrap Select Left Bottom or Right to position the Dock on your screen Chapter 2 Style and usage 135 Use choose for menu items including those in pop up and shortcut menus Compare deselect highlight trans v unselected adj See also checkbox choose click menus selection rectangle The rectangular outline that appears when users drag across items on the screen to select them Often you can simply say drag to select Drag a selection rectangle around the clips you want to add to your project Drag to select the clips you want to add to your project self Use a hyphen in terms beginning with self self paced self playing self running self service self powered See bus powered self powered self test n adj Note hyphenation Don t use as a verb sentence style capitalization Capitalize only the first letter of the first word proper nouns and proper adjectives Compare title style capitalization See also capitalization Serial ATA A ha
59. to remember and to stick with height width extended quo integer PageSize 1024 Syntax descriptions Use code font for literals parts of the language values and so on italic text font for variables artificial terms that have meaning only in your document and are to be replaced by a value or symbol and regular text font for brackets that enclose something that s optional Pay close attention to punctuation Read file var Use embedded caps to connect words that act as a single variable sourceFile Be consistent when naming variables for example don t alternate between commands and commandList 185 Code font in text Most developer documentation uses code font for computer language elements in text Whether to use code font in text for other documents is a matter of judgment Use code font for all text fragments that represent expressions in a programming language Use code font for names of files volumes directories and libraries StandardCRuntime o library MainProg c file Don t use a function or method name as a verb Correct Run 1s on both directories Incorrect Is both directories Correct Use cd to change to the root directory Incorrect cd to the root directory Don t mix fonts within a single word Rewrite to avoid forming the plural of a word in code font Correct values of type integer Incorrect integers Use regular text font not code font for punctuation following a word or phrase
60. to refer to a disk and its contents Don t use drive when you mean disc or disk Correct You can connect an external hard drive to your computer Incorrect You can connect an external hard disk to your computer See also CD drive Combo drive disk drive n adj DVD drive hard disk n adj hard drive SuperDrive driver Capitalize the word driver in a driver name only if it s part of the name for example Sound Driver or Disk Driver When you use the term driver generically as in print driver don t capitalize In user materials avoid using driver use software instead printer software DRM Abbreviation for digital rights management See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations DRM free adj Note hyphenation drop box Two words drop down menu Don t use use menu drop zone Two words dual Hyphenate compound adjectives beginning with dual dual band dual channel dual link dual core adj Note hyphen Refers to a processor with two execution cores or to a computer with a dual core processor Processors have dual cores not a dual core Terms include dual core processing dual core performance and so on See also dual processor adj Intel Core Intel Xeon dual display adj Note hyphen Refers to the connection of two displays to a computer or to an external display connected to a portable computer or an all in one computer Computers can have two displays or dual di
61. top level folder in a file system In pathnames the root of the file system is designated by a leading slash Avoid using root as a synonym for System Administrator See also pathnames System Administrator root user See System Administrator Rosetta Technology that translates PowerPC based Mac OS X applications for use on Intel based Mac computers Say with Rosetta or using Rosetta not in Rosetta or under Rosetta rotate v Refers to the act of placing the thumb and index finger slightly apart on a Multi Touch screen or trackpad and twisting them clockwise or counterclockwise Rotate to change the photo s orientation See also gestures router Don t use interchangeably with bridge A bridge joins two networks to form an expanded network not an internet A router maintains a logical map of the networks and other routers in an internet allowing the networks to retain separate identities RSS Abbreviation for Really Simple Syndication A format for displaying the latest changes to websites and blogs Users access these RSS feeds with an RSS reader such as Safari See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations RTF Abbreviation for Rich Text Format See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations rule An editable action in Mail run v running adj Use running for programs or processes that operate in the background and have no graphical interface Open
62. upward Not upwards URL Abbreviation for Uniform Resource Locator which is another term for an Internet address URL is pronounced you are ell and should be preceded by a not an In most user materials use Internet address or web address not URL See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations See also Internet addresses Chapter 2 Style and usage 157 U S Use periods except in situations where the abbreviation appears close to other country name abbreviations that don t use periods Use the abbreviation as an adjective only as a noun spell out United States except in trademark notices To include the country name in a U S based Apple address use USA no periods See also America American USB Abbreviation for Universal Serial Bus Avoid as a noun See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations Usenet Note capitalization user If the audience of your document consists of users avoid this term Instead address the reader as you Correct You can burn your own music CDs Incorrect Users can make movies with effects transitions and a soundtrack When the audience consists of developers or administrators use user to refer to end users and you to address the developer or administrator You may need to prevent users from accidentally making changes You can give users access to the server User is also appropriate in the context of OS X users f
63. windows but use panel for the third type windows that contain controls and options that affect the active document or selection because the programming symbol names contain Panel for example NSFont Panel and NSColorPane1 However when the third type is seen by the developer as a user sees it such as when giving instructions for using developer applications use window Note that some things that are panels programmatically are dialogs rather than windows in user terminology for example the NSOpenPanel class implements the Open dialog Don t use window to refer to interface elements in iOS Instead simply describe what the user must select or do If necessary you can use alternative words such as list See also popover Correct To see more table styles scroll left or right Incorrect To see more table styles scroll left or right in the Tables window Correct Tap an item in the search results list Incorrect Tap an item in the search results window Compare dialog pane window controls Standard controls for windows include the close button the minimize button the zoom button and the resize control Windows See Microsoft Windows Windows based adj Windows based pred adj Refers to computers that use Microsoft Windows See also Microsoft Windows PC window titles When you refer to a window by name use the exact words in the title bar of the window the Mail window the About This Mac window Use lowerc
64. word key up adj Note hyphenation keyword Refers to a special word that identifies a particular type of statement or command such as int or while Follow the capitalization style of the programming language involved The term keyword also refers to assigned identifiers in apps such as iPhoto Use keywords to make your photo albums easy to search kHz n adj Abbreviation for kilohertz See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations Noun In the noun form use a space between the numeral and the abbreviation at a rate of 44 1 kHz Adjective Don t hyphenate the adjective form a 44 1 kHz rate Chapter 2 Style and usage 90 kilobit See kbit n adj kilobits per second See kbit s kilobyte See KB n adj kilobytes per second See KB s kilohertz See kHz n adj Korea Don t use unless you mean to refer to the Korean peninsula that consists of two separate countries North Korea and South Korea Always use South Korea not Korea to refer to the country whose capital is Seoul The United States has a trade embargo against the country of North Korea L L2 cache L3 cache See level 2 cache level 3 cache labeled labeling Not abelled labelling labels See figure text See also button and capitalization LAN Acronym for local area network No hyphen in the spelled out version See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms laptop computer Avoid in fav
65. 171 Unit symbol or abbreviation Quantity kilometer km length distance kilometers per hour km h velocity kilowatt kilovolt ampere kW power kilowatt hour kWh energy usually electric power consumption lines per inch Ipi resolution liter l volume liters per second l s change in volume over time lumen Im flux of light lux Ix illumination megabit Mbit computer memory megabits per second Mbit s standard speed of data transmission Mbps some Apple groups megabyte MB computer memory megabytes per second MB s standard speed of data transmission MB sec some Apple groups megahertz MHz frequency meter m length distance meters per second m s velocity micrometer 10 meters um Option m length micron See micrometer mil 10 3 inches mil length mile mi except in mph length distance miles per hour mph velocity millimeter 107 meters mm length million instructions per second MIPS microprocessor speed millisecond 10 3 seconds ms time millivolt 10 3 volts mV electric potential milliwatt 10 3 watts mW power minute min time month mo time newton kilogram meters per N force second squared newtons per square meter See pascal ohm Q Option Z electric resistance ounce oz volume weight pascal newtons per square meter Pa pressure stress petabyte PB computer memory Chapter 3 Units of
66. 600 pixels See also recommend web Short for World Wide Web You go to visit or view pages on the web Note the treatment of terms beginning with web webcam webcast webcasting weblog webmail webmaster webpage website web authoring web browser web camera web clip web publishing web server See also Internet addresses World Wide Web web addresses See Internet addresses URL webpage web clip Two words Capitalize when referring to the Dashboard widget otherwise use lowercase webpage One word A self contained document that can be viewed on a website A single website can contain many webpages You connect to or go to a page you re then at that page Text graphics and links however are on the page Don t use website and webpage interchangeably See also homepage Internet addresses website website Refers to a collection of webpages stored in a particular location A website may be organized into several parts sections or areas each of which may contain more than one page Use part section or area to refer to such an entity Use page to refer to a single webpage Use website to refer to the entire collection You can browse visit or go to a website but don t use such phrases as point your browser at the website and surf the website See also homepage webpage well behaved Don t use to describe software use compatible well constructed and the like Chapter 2 Style and usage 163 which Use
67. Activity Monitor to see what processes are running Apps Don t use run to describe what a user does with an app a program that has a graphical interface say use instead Correct Before installing the software use Disk Utility to verify your hard disk Incorrect Before installing the software run Disk Utility Don t use running to refer to an open app use open Correct Check to see whether any apps are open Incorrect Check to see whether any apps are running Chapter 2 Style and usage 133 Software versions In user materials avoid using running to refer to versions of the operating system or apps Instead use alternatives such as use using or installed In server materials or materials for more technical users it s OK to use running to refer to versions of the operating system or apps Correct If you re using iTunes 10 4 or earlier follow these instructions Incorrect If you re running iTunes 10 4 or earlier follow these instructions Correct To use Launchpad you must have OS X v10 7 or later installed Incorrect To use Launchpad you must be running OS X v10 7 or later runtime n adj One word 5 sample rate The number of times per second an audio file is sampled Don t use sampling rate SAN Acronym for storage area network Precede with a not an See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms sans serif adj Two words no hyphen Not sanserif SATA See Seri
68. Apple Style Guide Apple Inc Copyright 2013 Apple Inc All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means mechanical electronic photocopying recording or otherwise without prior written permission of Apple Inc with the following exceptions Any person is hereby authorized to store documentation on a single computer for personal use only and to print copies of documentation for personal use provided that the documentation contains the Apple copyright notice The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Inc registered in the U S and other countries Use of the keyboard Apple logo Shift Option K for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws Apple 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino CA 95014 408 996 1010 www apple com Apple the Apple logo AirMac AirPlay AirPort AirPort Express AirPort Extreme AirTunes Aperture Apple Cinema Display AppleScript AppleTalk Apple TV Aqua Back to My Mac Bonjour Boot Camp Cocoa ColorSync Cover Flow Dashcode DVD Studio Pro Expos FaceTime FairPlay FileVault Final Cut Final Cut Pro Final Cut Studio Finder FireWire GarageBand iBooks iCal iChat iDVD iLife iMac iMessage iMovie Inkwell iPad iPhone iPhoto iPod iPod classic iPod Hi Fi iPod nano iPod shu
69. Apple menu Correct AirPort Express connected to a printer Incorrect AirPort Express Connected to a Printer In text references Each numbered figure should have an in text reference to point the reader to the figure at the appropriate point You can use various styles for in text references depending on the needs of the sentence See Figure 6 2 Choose Mail gt Mail Preferences see Figure 6 2 the Page Setup dialog Figure 3 13 appears the Page Setup dialog shown in Figure 3 13 appears Figure 3 1 shows You can use more than one style in a project but don t use different styles for what s essentially the same purpose For example don t use both the first and second styles or both the third and fourth styles within a project figures Line art photographs and screenshots are all considered figures You should use figures when their presence will enhance the reader s understanding or will illustrate a procedure or point that isn t evident from the text alone figure text Use figure text also known as abels for any text that accompanies a figure usually line art but isn t connected to the figure by a leader line Text connected by a leader line is a callout Keep labels brief Capitalization is sentence style See also callouts file Refers to any entity stored on a disk regardless of whether the user can open edit or print it Compare document Chapter 2 Style and usage 60 file formats Abbreviati
70. Confidential Unpublished Works 1992 1997 Dolby Laboratories Inc All rights reserved Intel Intel Core and Xeon are trademarks of Intel Corp in the U S and other countries IOS is a trademark or registered trademark of Cisco in the U S and other countries and is used under license Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and or its affiliates Mighty Mouse amp 2008 CBS Operations Inc All rights reserved OpenGL is a registered trademark of Silicon Graphics Inc PowerPC and the PowerPC logo are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation used under license therefrom UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group Other company and product names mentioned herein are trademarks of their respective companies Mention of third party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a recommendation Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these products April 2013 168 168 169 170 174 174 174 174 175 175 175 176 176 176 176 178 184 185 185 185 185 186 186 187 187 187 190 Contents Chapter 1 About this guide Introduction to the Apple Style Guide Chapter 2 Style and usage Style and usage overview Chapter 3 Units of measure Units of measure overview Prefixes for units of measure Names and unit symbols for units of measure Chapter 4 Apple product names Apple product nam
71. D See solid state drive Chapter 2 Style and usage 140 Stacks Capitalize only when explicitly referring to the feature With the Stacks feature you can easily access your files from the Dock When you click a stack the files in the stack spring open in a fan or a grid The Documents stack is a great place to keep word processing files standalone adj One word Don t use as a noun standard definition n standard definition adj See SD Standard Roman character set Note capitalization standard user Use in OS X to describe a user whose account is more restrictive than that of an administrator user Don t use normal user See also administrator adj standby n adj stand by v One word except as a verb start Don t use when you mean open as in open an app startup n adj start up v In user materials try to avoid using startup as a noun except when repeated occurrences of when you start up become unwieldy Rewrite when possible to use a more specific term or description For AppleCare and developer materials startup is an acceptable generic term for the period of time it takes the computer to start up Start up the computer After a few seconds you see the startup display While the computer is starting up you can check your voicemail AppleCare During startup you can scan the manual that came with your computer See also boot startup disk Preferred term in user materials but boot disk is OK
72. DF of your document Use menu item to refer to items that aren t commands such as names of windows in the Window menu and About This Mac in the Apple menu A command is in a menu not on a menu a menu contains commands Users choose commands they don t select commands See also choose command names menus Command click v adj Note hyphenation The hyphen denotes a combined action Command click is equivalent to press the Command key and click Command key On first use in print user materials it s OK to identify the Command key with its symbol Command 3 key Thereafter just use Command key It s OK to use the Command key symbol in a list of shortcuts Option 3 Escape Option Shift 3 Delete Command key equivalent Don t use use keyboard shortcut even when all the combinations use the Command key command line n command line adj Note hyphenation of adjective command names Use title style capitalization for command names don t capitalize command the Find command the Make Alias command Commands used as ordinary verbs Don t capitalize a command name when you use the name as a normal English verb Correct Cut and paste the selected text Incorrect Cut and Paste the selected text Ellipsis points In menus some command names are followed by three unspaced periods ellipsis points to indicate that further action will be required Don t include the ellipsis points when you refer to the command na
73. GarageBand composition into iTunes Correct The students import their GarageBand compositions into iTunes Incorrect The student imports his GarageBand composition into iTunes family controls Don t use use parental controls family pack Use lowercase in general references a family pack Capitalize in product names FAQ Abbreviation for frequently asked questions FAQ is singular use the article an Use FAQs to refer to more than one set of frequently asked questions Use title style capitalization if the full term precedes a noun the Frequently Asked Questions document See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations Fast Ethernet 100Base T A standard that allows data transmission rates of up to 100 megabits per second See also Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet 1000Base T fast forward n v adj Note hyphen fast user switching Note lowercase Favorites Capitalize when you refer to the Favorites folder in the Library folder of a home folder or to the Favorites feature on iPhone fax n v adj Short for facsimile Use lowercase fax isn t an acronym or an abbreviation FB DIMM Short for fully buffered DIMM Precede FB DIMM with an not a See also DIMM memory female connector Don t use use socket See also connector fewer less Use fewer for countable items use ess for quantity or bulk The fewer devices in your network system the less cable you need Fiber Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit E
74. Note lowercase new In most documents avoid describing a product or feature as new because the text will quickly become out of date When appropriate state the version of software in which a feature was introduced Correct Launchpad introduced with OS X Lion Incorrect The new Launchpad feature newsgroup One word nickel metal hydride Note hyphenation Abbreviated NiMH See also batteries Chapter 2 Style and usage 108 non prefix Close up except before a proper noun a proper adjective an abbreviation or an acronym or when the resulting word would be difficult to read Hyphen non ADB non Apple non Mac En dash non OS X platforms See also dash en prefixes nonsexist language See fair language nonstartup disk Avoid when possible Instead use a disk that doesn t contain system software or another appropriate phrase normal installation Not normal install You perform a normal installation you don t do a normal install See also custom installation normal user See standard user Note Use the Note tag for information that s relevant to a topic but that may not apply to all readers You can also use a note for a bit of information that s tangential to a topic Use notes and other notices sparingly They lose their effectiveness if they appear too often Don t use a Note tag immediately before or after a Warning notice an Important notice or another Note or immediately after a text heading Se
75. Return Don t use type in when you mean type Compare enter press Type 1 font A font that conforms to the ISO 9541 standard Type A connector A type of USB connector On first mention describe what it looks like rectangular type ahead n adj Refers to the queuing of a user s keystrokes until an app is ready to process them Type B connector A type of USB connector On first mention describe what it looks like square typeface Use to refer to a distinct design for a particular character set Each typeface has its own name such as Times or Garamond Fonts of the same typeface regardless of font style or point size or whether they are outline or bitmap fonts form a single font family Compare font font family type family Don t use use font family type size Don t use use size or font size type style Don t use use style or font style U UDF Abbreviation for Universal Disk Format See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations UFS Abbreviation for UNIX File System a file format available in Disk Utility that s used primarily by UNIX and UNIX based operating systems Not necessary to spell out on first occurrence UK No periods OK to abbreviate or to spell out United Kingdom as a noun Use the abbreviation for the adjective form ultra prefix Close up except in words beginning with a vowel ultra efficient ultrafast ultralight ultrasharp ultrathin ultrawide unavailable
76. a list of all files and folders stored on a volume Don t use this term in user materials cathode ray tube See CRT CD Abbreviation for compact disc CD technologies include the following CD ROM read only CD R recordable CD RW rewritable not CD R W or CD RW Types Types of CDs include audio CDs or music CDs MP3 CDs and data CDs Refer to the specific type of disc or drive or use the general term CD e Usage Don t use CD ROM CD RW or CD R as a noun the term must modify another word such as drive or disc For the plural don t use CD ROMs CD RWs and so on Instead use CD ROM discs CD RW discs and so on or simply CDs Use disc not disk to refer to CD media See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations See also disc CD drive Not CD player When you include the drive speed hyphenate the adjective form 24x speed CD drive Don t leave out the x cell phone cellular phone Don t use use mobile phone Chapter 2 Style and usage 30 cell signal indicator No hyphen central memory Don t use use main memory central processing unit See CPU CGI Abbreviation for Common Gateway Interface Use CGI scripts as the plural form on first occurrence Thereafter it s OK to use CG s See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations chain OK to use when you mean a series of devices connected together See also daisy chain n daisy chain v adj da
77. aa E m lithium ion adj Note hyphenation It s OK to abbreviate as Li ion if space is limited See also batteries live link Don t use to refer to hypertext links on webpages use hypertext link or just link lo bit Don t use use low order bit n low bit adj or low bit n local area network See LAN localizable Don t use Correct An app that follows the human interface guidelines should be easy to localize Incorrect An app that follows the human interface guidelines should be easily localizable localization n adj Many Apple publications and help materials written in English go through the localization process which involves revision and translation for non English speaking users Idiomatic language To make the localization process easier avoid idiomatic phrases such as these nitty gritty details start from scratch piggy backing Examples and graphics Avoid examples and graphics that show events or activities specific to a particular nation or culture Conciseness Remember that text length may expand after translation so keep paragraphs short and tight See also International style overview on page 194 Chapter 2 Style and usage 95 localize v Takes the preposition for not to Correct Whether you localize your app for the French language or for French Canada make sure you test its interface Incorrect Whether you localize your app to the French language or to French Canada make su
78. ables users to view the attributes of a document or a selected item and often to modify those attributes You can refer to the inspector or the inspector window You can format most elements of your document using the inspector You can open multiple inspector windows to work with different aspects of your document e Capitalization Capitalize Inspector when it s a button name or in a menu command Click the Inspector button in the toolbar Choose Tools gt Inspector Otherwise spell with a lowercase i Correct You can add a hyperlink using the inspector Incorrect You can add a hyperlink using the Inspector Panes When referring to a pane of an inspector use the pane name inspector Use the Table inspector to change the row height To change the appearance of links use the Link inspector You can also use the pane name pane of the inspector for example the Table pane of the inspector to introduce the concept of multiple panes in an inspector Inspector buttons Inspectors with multiple panes typically have buttons that enable users to switch between panes The name of the button should match the name of the pane it opens Click the Text button to open the Text inspector install You install items on a disk not onto a disk Don t use install as a noun See the examples in installation Chapter 2 Style and usage 81 installation Don t use install when you mean installation Correct Click Download to start the i
79. ackpad to scroll through a list or group of items Flicking is similar to dragging but quicker dragging lets users control how far they scroll in a single motion whereas flicking relies on momentum not precise start and end points Flick up or down to scroll quickly through your contacts Flick from left to right to browse your album cover art You can quickly browse your cover art with a simple flick See also drag gestures swipe n v floating point adj Note hyphenation flowchart One word Fn key Capitalize when you refer to the Fn key on many keyboards On first occurrence you can say the Fn Function key thereafter use the Fn key folder An organizational unit or container used to organize files and other folders into a hierarchical structure known as a file system In developer materials folders are usually referred to as directories Capitalize folder names according to how they re named and how they appear on the screen Capitalize the word Folder only if it appears in the folder name Burn Folder The word Folder appears in the folder name on the screen System folder The word folder doesn t appear on the screen Chapter 2 Style and usage 62 Use a user s folder name folder or your folder name folder to refer to folders in an individual user s home folder for example a user s Library folder or your Library folder Use the folder name folder to refer to folders shared by all users of a compute
80. age 44 differently than Use when comparing two parallel clauses Don t use different than different from or differently from for this purpose But rewrite whenever possible to set up a construction in which different from is used to compare two parallel nouns Correct She uses the computer differently than he does Preferable Her use of the computer is different from his Incorrect She uses the computer differently than him digital Don t use a hyphen in compound adjectives beginning with digital digital video editing digital media apps Don t use digital apps or digital applications digital camcorder See camcorder digital camera Use to refer to a digital still camera After the first mention camera is fine You can connect a digital camera if both your computer and camera have built in USB ports digital rights management See DRM digital to analog converter See DAC digital video n adj No hyphen See also DV digital video camera See video camera digital video recorder See DVR Digital Visual Interface See DVI dimensions In general use by not x to show dimensions 3 2 by 6 0 by 11 4 in 8 1 by 15 2 by 28 9 cm 8 5 by 11 inches 8 5 by 11 inch paper 4 by 6 inches 4 by 6 inch photo acceptable 4 by 6 photo 4 x 6 photo If you use x instead of by use the x consistently throughout a document See also resolution x DIMM Acronym for dual inline memory module See abbreviations and acronyms for guide
81. al ATA save You save a file on a disk or to a disk not onto a disk scalable scalability Not scaleable scaleability screen Use to refer to what the user looks at while working on a computer or on iPad iPhone or iPod Don t use display when you mean screen On a portable computer or an all in one computer the display is the LCD or CRT device The screen is the surface the user views See also display n screen saver n adj Two words screen sharing n screen sharing adj Note hyphenation of adjective screenshot n adj One word script system When appropriate refer to a script system by its product name which may or may not include the words script system Don t capitalize generic references to types of script systems KanjiTalk is Apple s version of the Japanese script system The Roman Script System is available on all Mac computers scroll Avoid using as a transitive verb Correct Scroll through a document Correct Scroll to view more of the document Incorrect Scroll a document In user materials when describing the act of moving through documents webpages groups of options and other items it s often preferable to use scroll instead of specific actions and gestures such as drag flick or swipe See also gestures Chapter 2 Style and usage 134 scroll ball Two words scroll bar Two words The whole control is the scroll bar In OS X the control that users drag is the scroller scroller The
82. ame of the state or country when the place of publication is a well known city If you need to provide a state name use the correct postal abbreviation given in The Chicago Manual of Style Book Norman Donald A and David E Rumelhart Explorations in Cognition San Francisco W H Freeman 1975 For more rules on bibliographic citation refer to The Chicago Manual of Style Chapter 2 Style and usage 22 bidirectional adj Use to refer to a script system in which text is generally flush right and most characters are written from right to left but some text is written from left to right as well Arabic and Hebrew are the only bidirectional script systems in widespread use Compare mixed directional adj bit n adj Don t use when you mean pixel or dot Hyphenate when used as an adjective or a predicate adjective The exported file uses 32 bits per pixel Your AirPort Extreme Base Station provides 40 bit and 128 bit encryption Broadcast video is generally 24 bit with 8 bits of color information per channel bit depth Two words The number of bits used by a digital device Use instead of bit resolution bitmap n v bitmapped adj bitmapping n One word in all forms You can use either bitmap font or bitmapped font but be consistent bit rate Two words bit resolution Don t use use bit depth See also bit depth bit s Abbreviation for bits per second See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about s
83. an v10 7 Note the space before X Make sure to use a nonbreaking space Option Space bar to keep all of the name on the same line On first occurrence use the full name of the operating system such as OS X Mountain Lion with or without the version number Thereafter it s OK to use the version name without OS X Don t use quotation marks or parentheses around the version name When indicating a version number of OS X use version or v closed up without a period following OS X When you use both OS X and the version name and number these forms are acceptable OS X Lion version 10 7 2 OS X Lion v10 7 2 It s OK to use parentheses around the version number when you use both the version name and number but try to be consistent within a document Launchpad was introduced with OS X Lion v10 7 Version names of the Mac OS include Cheetah v10 0 Puma v10 1 Jaguar v10 2 Panther v10 3 Tiger v10 4 Leopard v10 5 Snow Leopard v10 6 Lion v10 7 and Mountain Lion v10 8 Chapter 2 Style and usage 113 When you use version numbers and names for both Mac OS X and OS X versions in one sentence put the version name first followed by the version number Update to Mac OS X Snow Leopard v10 6 8 then upgrade to OS X Lion v10 7 2 In developer materials don t use version names such as Lion use version numbers only See also Mac OS X OS X Server Use for versions of OS X Server beginning with version 10 7 Note that
84. app press Option Shift Hyphen Close up the em dash with the word before it and the word after it dash en The en dash is shorter than an em dash and longer than a hyphen Use the en dash as follows e Numbers in a range Use an en dash between numbers that represent the endpoints of a continuous range bits 3 17 2003 2005 Compound adjectives Use an en dash between the elements of a compound adjective when one of those elements is itself two words desktop interface specific instructions Keyboard shortcuts using combination keystrokes Use an en dash between key names in a combination keystroke when at least one of those names is two words or a hyphenated word Option Command Up Arrow Shift Command double click See also key keys Chapter 2 Style and usage 41 Minus sign Use an en dash as a minus sign except in code font where you use a hyphen 1 65 535 To generate an en dash in a word processing app press Option Hyphen Close up the en dash with the word or number before it and the word or number after it See also hyphenation data Singular or plural depending on the context When used as a collective noun data takes a singular verb When the meaning isn t collective use a plural verb In user materials avoid in favor of information if information makes sense in the context Collective and thus singular Data is stored in a FileMaker Pro database Not collective and thus plural Sel
85. ase Correct Your iCloud contacts are updated automatically Incorrect Your iCloud Contacts are updated automatically iCloud users A person with an iCloud account is an iCloud user or has an iCloud account or similar wording You can share your calendars with other iCloud users If you have an iCloud account you can publish your iPhoto journal as a webpage Referring to how iCloud works Don t use sync to refer to what iCloud does with content sync refers to copying information directly between two devices Instead use alternatives such as keep up to date update automatically appear automatically and push iCloud stores your calendars and contacts and keeps them up to date across your devices With iCloud Mail new messages are pushed to your iPad iPhone and iPod touch Music you purchase in iTunes appears automatically on your devices Avoid using upload and download to refer to what iCloud does instead use the alternatives mentioned above update automatically appear automatically and so on It s OK to use download to refer to user initiated downloads of content from iCloud Correct Your new photos appear on all your devices automatically Correct You can download music you ve already purchased to all your devices Incorrect iCloud downloads your new photos to all your devices iCloud computers and devices Avoid referring to computers and devices as iCloud enabled Instead use alternatives suc
86. ase for window unless it s included in the window title and capitalized Wintel Jargon for personal computers based on Microsoft Windows software and Intel processors Don t use use a term such as PC or Windows based computer Chapter 2 Style and usage 165 wired Equipped with or connected by wires or cables Terms include wired connections wired keyboard wired mouse wired networking wired remote and so on wireless enabled Not wirelessly enabled wish See want word processing n word processing adj Note hyphenation of adjective words as words Italicize a word when it s used as a word Use an apostrophe and an s to form the plural but don t italicize the apostrophe or the s He had too many and s in the sentence word wrap Not wraparound or word wraparound In documentation written for new users however you may want to mention the term wraparound or include it in a glossary because users may see it elsewhere work Close up the following words beginning with work workflow workforce workgroup workplace workshop workspace workstation workflow One word A series of actions that together perform a specific task workspace Don t use as a synonym for desktop or Finder workstation n adj Don t use when you mean desktop computer OK to use when you discuss network administration Worldwide Developers Conference See WWDC World Wide Web After first occurrence use web Don t abbreviate as WWW S
87. at MP3 is short for MPEG Audio Layer 3 not MPEG 3 MPEG Audio Layer 3 See MP3 Chapter 2 Style and usage 107 MS DOS Note hyphenation and capitalization multi prefix Close up in words beginning with either a consonant or a vowel except multiplayer multiprocessor multitasking multithreading multiuser multi item multicore No hyphen Use to refer to processors that have more than one core multiple scan adj No hyphen multiplication sign Not multiplication symbol multiprocessing multiprocessor No hyphen A multiprocessor computer has multiple processors not multiprocessors Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension See MIME Multi Touch Note hyphenation Refers to the touchscreen interface in iOS devices and to the trackpad in portable Mac computers and other devices such as the Magic Trackpad and Magic Mouse Terms include Multi Touch touchscreen display Multi Touch interface Multi Touch technology Multi Touch trackpad and Multi Touch gestures Musical Instrument Digital Interface See MIDI Mute key Note capitalization N name server Two words narrowband One word native In user materials avoid using native to describe apps instead describe the apps as being designed to work with specific hardware or software For best performance use an app designed for use on Intel based Mac computers Net Don t use as a short form of Internet network Computers are on not in a network network time server
88. bbreviation for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Use lowercase when the abbreviation is part of a URL See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations See also HTML Internet addresses URL HUD Acronym for heads up display a window for making adjustments and selecting options in Aperture and other apps Precede HUD with a not an Avoid unless it appears in the user interface See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms humor Humor can enhance documentation by adding to a reader s enjoyment and by helping to lighten the tone Humor usually works best in examples where it s less likely to distract the reader Be careful that your humor is in good taste one reader s joke can be another reader s insult and keep in mind that humor may not translate well in localized text See also fair language hypertext link See link n Hypertext Markup Language See HTML Hypertext Transfer Protocol See HTTP hyphenation In general hyphenate two words that precede and modify a noun as a unit Follow this rule especially when Confusion might result if the hyphen were omitted as in parameter list pointer or read only memory The second word is a participle past or present as in binary coded decimal or color matching algorithm The two modifiers are a number or a single letter and a noun or a participle as in 32 bit color or D shaped connector Follow these guidelines i
89. become familiar with the range of issues involved in creating high quality readable and consistent materials Apple developers and third party developers should follow this guide for text that will be visible to users For more details about the user interface consult Apple s OS X Human Interface Guidelines and iOS Human Interface Guidelines For details about terms used frequently in Apple marketing materials such as the names of specific products services and sales programs refer to the Apple Marketing Communications Style Guide Note that some terms are treated differently in this guide and the Apple Marketing Communications Style Guide This 2013 edition of the Apple Style Guide is a major revision e This is the first edition that s available in both HTML and PDF formats e This edition includes a large number of new and updated entries Entries are up to date as of OS X Mountain Lion and iOS 6 Note If you re internal to Apple or are a registered Apple developer you can request additions or revisions to the Apple Style Guide by filing a Radar bug using the component APD APSG Editorial resources In general follow the style and usage rules in The American Heritage Dictionary The Chicago Manual of Style Words into Type Exceptions to certain guidelines in these resources are noted in this guide In cases where reference sources conflict with each other follow The Chicago Manual of Style for questions of style an
90. ble Use display power cord or monitor power cord for the cord that goes from the display or monitor to the power source See also display cable monitor depth Avoid use color depth Chapter 2 Style and usage 105 monitor port Not video port Use to refer to the port to which a monitor is connected Don t use monitor port to refer to the port to which an Apple display is connected See also display port monospaced adj Not monospace Fixed width is the preferred term to describe fonts such as Courier in which each character takes up the same amount of space most recent Don t use to refer to a specific software version Instead use only the version number or a date in technical support documents or use or later to indicate a range of version numbers It s OK to use most recent if you re generally instructing users to keep their software up to date Correct For the best results make sure you re using the most recent version of OS X Incorrect OS X v10 74 is the most recent version of OS X See also earlier later latest version motherboard Don t use use main logic board or main board mount v In user materials avoid when referring to making a disk or disk image available use alternatives such as open make available or connect to or describe what the user must do to make the disk available Avoid To see the contents of a disk image you must mount the disk image Preferable To see the contents of a disk ima
91. ble to the dock connector Capitalize in product names document In user materials refers to a file the user creates and can open edit and print A document is a particular type of file don t use document when the file could be of another type Correct Time Machine backs up all your files to an external disk Incorrect Time Machine backs up all your documents to an external disk Compare file Chapter 2 Style and usage 48 document titles When you cite the full title of a document follow the capitalization style used in the title The article the isn t usually part of the title but for user materials a phrase such as User Guide often is Consult your editor for titling guidelines specific to your department Specific references to document titles Always give the title exactly as it appears on the document s cover page but eliminate any trademark symbols Don t change an old title to comply with the current guidelines for naming documents For more information see the iPad User Guide Generic references to document titles Don t capitalize or use italics for generic references to documents See the user guide that came with your computer To connect your display follow the instructions in the setup guide See also cross references document window Don t use use document or window not both In developer materials document window is OK in reference to the predefined window type Dolby Digital 5 1 surround so
92. breviations and acronyms Chapter 2 Style and usage 57 Ethernet One word Refers to one type of cable system used to link computers and peripheral devices OK to use Ethernet network or simply Ethernet depending on the context See also Fast Ethernet 100Base T Gigabit Ethernet 1000Base T Events events Capitalize when referring to the name of the feature in apps such as iPhoto and iMovie and to capitalized interface elements Use lowercase in generic references to events Organize your photos using Faces Places and Events To view your photos by event select Events in the Source list exclamation points OK to use exclamation points occasionally in promotional text and dialogue Avoid in documentation exit In user materials don t use to refer to quitting an open app use quit See also interrupt quit stop expansion bay The space inside a computer where hardware modules such as optical drives can be inserted and removed OK to use drive bay if the bay in question takes only storage devices expansion board Not daughter board or piggyback board expansion slot Not peripheral slot or accessory slot You can also use slot without the qualifier expansion Use lowercase even in specific references slot 1 slot 6 ExpressCard An industry standard expansion card technology extended desktop n adj A dual display mode in which different elements are placed on each display such as images on one screen and tools on th
93. ck and drag the icon to the Trash click and hold Don t use Click means to press and quickly release the mouse or trackpad button Use hold down when you mean press and hold down the mouse button See also hold down press click in You click in a window or other area of the screen such as an image you click other onscreen elements such as icons and buttons See also click click on Don t use use click See also click Click Wheel The combined touch wheel and buttons on some iPod models Not Apple Click Wheel or touch wheel client Software that uses the services of another program also the computer using the client software The computer can be called the client computer client system or client client server Note slash Chapter 2 Style and usage 32 clip art Two words Clipboard In user materials use Clipboard not pasteboard In developer materials it s OK to use pasteboard when you discuss the NSPasteboard class but point out that users view the contents of the pasteboard in the Clipboard close In OS X users close windows or documents and quit apps In iOS users can close an app stop using it temporarily by pressing the Home button doing so may not quit the app stop the app from running altogether You can also use leave to refer to closing an app To leave an app and return to the Home screen press the Home button See also open quit close button In OS X refers to the leftmost button of the three w
94. control users drag in the scroll bar See also scroll bar scroll wheel The mechanism on the original iPod SD Abbreviation for standard definition n and standard definition adj See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations SDK Abbreviation for software development kit Note lowercase for the spelled out version except in proper names the software development kit the iPhone Software Development Kit the iPhone SDK See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations SDRAM Abbreviation for synchronous dynamic random access memory See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations search field Note lowercase search results list The list that appears after a Spotlight search secondary cache second level cache Don t use use level 2 cache or L2 cache select adj OK to use select to mean special or exclusive In select Starbucks locations you can purchase songs from featured collections select v Use select not choose to refer to the action users perform when they select among multiple objects such as icons graphic images radio buttons or checkboxes or when they highlight text for editing Select a name in the list To select several files at once Command click them Select the text you want to make bold Select the Shadow checkbox Selecting objects Although users generally click to select objects they can also use
95. controls display of the computer interface on the primary display Not video card See also GPU Graphics Interchange Format See GIF graphics processing unit See GPU Graphite appearance An appearance available in OS X gray Not grey grayed Don t use use dimmed or highlighted in gray depending on the context grayscale n adj One word greater than sign Note hyphenation Use greater than sign not greater than symbol to describe the gt symbol You can also use right angle bracket if appropriate in the context Compare angle brackets grey Don t use use gray grille Note spelling grille pitch speaker grille grounded outlet Not grounding type outlet grow box Don t use use resize control H H 264 A video compression standard or video codec Also known as MPEG 4 Part 10 and AVC or Advanced Video Coding half Use a hyphen in compound adjectives beginning with half half duplex half height half hour half length handheld adj One word handle Use to refer to a small control on the edge of an object that can be dragged to move or change the object Don t use drag handle 0 Oo hands free adj Note hyphenation hands on adj Note hyphenation Chapter 2 Style and usage 69 hang Don t use as a description of the computer s behavior in response to a system error use a phrase such as not responding Correct If the computer doesn t respond to input from the mouse trackpad or keyboard a sy
96. cs With graphic representations of combination keystrokes in tables for example use the plus sign instead of a hyphen between keys alt ae option command 0 Escape and Function Spell out the key names Escape and Function the Fn key on portable computers and wireless keyboards when you introduce them In subsequent references it s OK to abbreviate them as Esc and Fn First occurrence Press the Esc Escape key Thereafter Press Esc Don t abbreviate any other key names except when space is very tight in table headings for example See also specific key names keyboard equivalent Don t use use keyboard shortcut keyboard focus The location where your actions take effect when you use the keyboard When you use VoiceOver the keyboard focus can be different from where the VoiceOver cursor is focused keyboard icon Not script symbol or script icon Refers to the small icon associated with each keyboard layout These icons are used in the Input menu and the Input Sources pane of Language amp Text preferences keyboard shortcut Use instead of keyboard equivalent See also key keys keychain Keychain Access A keychain stores certificates and passwords for servers Internet resources and apps Users create keychains by using the Keychain Access app key down adj Note hyphenation keypad One word Use keypad or numeric keypad not numeric keyboard keypress One word keystroke One
97. ctric current ampere hour Ah rate of delivery of electricity ampere second See coulomb amperes per meter A m magnetic field strength amperes per square meter A m current density amperes per volt See siemens angstrom 1071 meters A Option Shift Al optical wavelength attoampere 10 amperes aA electric current baud signal events per second Bd speed of data transmission bel 10 decibels B sound intensity bit bit size of data bits per second bit s speed of data transmission byte B size of data candela cd luminous intensity candela per square inch cd sq in luminance candela per square meter cd m luminance centimeter cm length characters per inch cpi letter spacing in type coulomb ampere second C electric charge quantity of electricity coulombs per volt See farad cubic centimeter cm volume cubic foot cu ft volume cubic inch cu in volume cubic meter m volume cubic yard cu yd volume cycle c complete execution of a periodically repeated phenomenon cycles per second See hertz day d time decibel 0 10 bels dB sound intensity degree Option Shift 8 angular measure degree Celsius C Option Shift 8 temperature degree Fahrenheit F Option Shift 8 temperature degree K kelvin See kelvin Chapter 3 Units of measure 170 Unit symbol or abbreviation Quantity deg
98. d usage and The American Heritage Dictionary for questions of spelling Also refer to any department specific materials provided by your editor Conventions used in this guide Modifiers consisting of two or more words are often hyphenated when they precede a noun but not when they follow the verb as a compound predicate adjective This guide distinguishes the differences as follows An entry followed by adj in parentheses gives the form to be used when the adjective immediately precedes the noun it modifies An entry followed by pred adj in parentheses gives the form to be used when the adjective is a predicate adjective For example black and white adj black and white pred adj Ifa hyphenated compound has no pred adj entry hyphenate the compound wherever it appears in a sentence Chapter 1 About this guide 6 Style and usage Style and usage overview This chapter provides guidelines on writing style and usage in Apple publications training materials and the user interface The intent of these guidelines is to help maintain a consistent voice in Apple materials If you don t find what you re looking for in these pages consult your editor Numbers 1U One rack unit or unit equivalent to 1 75 inches Refers to the height of equipment that can be mounted in a rack 2 byte character Don t use use double byte character 2D Abbreviation for two dimensional No hyphen in the abbreviation See abbreviations a
99. e also CD DVD optical drive Optical drives read from and write to burn optical discs CDs and DVDs Drives read and write data at up to 6x speed up to 32x speed and so on Don t hyphenate when used as an adjective optical drive bay See also Combo drive SuperDrive optionally Avoid in user materials Instead describe the reason the user would perform the action If it s important to emphasize that the action is optional you can say Ifyou want to Correct If you want to set a disk quota enter the number and specify megabytes MB or gigabytes GB Incorrect Optionally enter a disk quote and specific megabytes MB or gigabytes GB Correct To specify a trust level enter the command in Terminal Incorrect Optionally determine the trust level by entering the command in Terminal Option key Use the following form to indicate a combined Option key and mouse action Option click Option drag Option click is equivalent to press the Option key and click See also Alt key option names For options and other onscreen elements of two or more words whose names are capitalized using sentence style use quotation marks in text to avoid misreading Select the checkbox labeled Keep lines together OS X The name of the Mac OS beginning with version 10 7 Use OS X OS X Lion or OS X Mountain Lion or a later version name don t shorten to X Don t include Mac in the name unless you re referring to a version earlier th
100. e also Important Warning notebook computer OK to use notebook computer but portable computer is preferred On first occurrence use notebook computer Thereafter it s OK to use notebook alone as a noun See also portable computer notebook computer laptop computer null character Use for ASCII character 00 Don t confuse with zero character ASCII 30 number Abbreviate as no if space is limited See also number sign numbers Spell out the following numbers Cardinal numbers from one through ten except when you express numbers as numbers Use a numeral no matter how small to express numbers as numbers You can use your purchases on up to five different computers For example if you have four new messages the number 4 appears on the app icon Ordinal numbers from zero through ten You can install drives in the second third and fourth drive bays Numbers that appear at the beginning of a sentence Try to rephrase to avoid starting a sentence with a number Correct Two hundred fifty functions are available in the Function Browser Preferable The Function Browser gives you access to 250 functions A number that appears next to another number if it helps readability There are sixteen 32 bit registers Chapter 2 Style and usage 109 Use numerals e To refer to numbers as numbers The numeral 8 occurs eight times e To refer to a specific address bit byte chapter field key pin sector slot
101. e application to refer to third party applications that aren t available on the Mac App Store Chapter 2 Style and usage 14 In general use program only to refer to a program that doesn t have a graphical user interface The launchd program consolidates all system startup activities into a single program See also software system software appear Use appear not display to refer to the appearance of items on the screen The Print dialog appears When possible avoid stating that the item appears the user can see the item on the screen or include the item in instructions In the Print dialog choose Layout from the pop up menu appendix Use appendixes for background information and other supplementary material that doesn t contribute directly to the main subject of the document In user manuals technical information should go in an appendix Appendixes are lettered Appendix A Appendix B and so on When a document has only one appendix it should be titled Appendix not Appendix A Cross references in documents with a single appendix should refer to the appendix appendixes Not appendices Apple The company s official name is Apple Inc Use Apple Inc in copyright notices and credit lines and in communications that require the legal name of the company such as legal documents contracts and forms 2013 Apple Inc All rights reserved In the text of corporate and marketing communications and in the corporate addr
102. e expansion board daylight saving time Not daylight savings time Chapter 2 Style and usage 42 DDR Abbreviation for Double Data Rate Apple computers have DDR memory See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations See also memory SDRAM deactivate See activate deactivate dealer dealership Don t use use Apple Authorized Reseller See also Apple Authorized Reseller default n adj Define the term on first occurrence In user materials you may want to use preset See also preset n adj degrees OK to either spell out degrees or use the degree symbol but be consistent Hyphenate when the term precedes a noun 160 degree viewing angle The symbol is closed up with the number 160 viewing angle 32 F To generate the degree symbol press Option K dehighlight dehighlighted Don t use Use deselect as a verb when appropriate otherwise reword Use not highlighted as the adjective DEL character Not DELETE character or rubout character Refers specifically to ASCII character 7F Delete key Not DEL key deploy OK to use in server and developer materials to refer to placing configured computer systems services or software in a specific environment or making these items available for use in that environment In large organizations collaboration services are usually deployed at both corporate and workgroup levels depress Don t use use press deselect OK to use when you mean canc
103. e font Punctuation following code font in running text should be in the font of the overall sentence not in code font unless the punctuation mark is part of what actually appears on the screen or in the code listing Avoid punctuation after something the user should type The user may type the punctuation Chapter 2 Style and usage 127 e Parentheses brackets and quotation marks Parentheses brackets and quotation marks paired punctuation should be in the same style as the body text For example the parentheses around an italicized word should be in plain style not italics Read the manual Pages User Guide The parentheses aren t italicized Plurals When you form the plural of an italicized letter used as a letter a number used as a number or a word used as a word don t use italics for the apostrophe or the s Enter a series of D s The apostrophe and s are in plain text For guidelines on punctuation in lists see lists See also apostrophes commas dash em dash en ellipsis points hyphenation quotation marks push Don t use to refer to the act of pressing a button or a key on a keyboard use press See also press It s OK to use push when discussing services such as iCloud that send information to devices automatically iCloud automatically pushes new photos to all your devices pushpin One word put Don t use when you mean drag Correct Drag the file to the Trash Incorrect Put the fi
104. e hyphenation of adjective Use lowercase unless you re referring to a specific onscreen element that s capitalized Turn on file sharing Click the File Sharing icon file system n file system adj Two words Note hyphenation of adjective File Transfer Protocol See FTP Finder Use the with Finder exception to the rule to not use the with application names firewall One word Chapter 2 Style and usage 61 FireWire A high speed industry standard technology IEEE 1394 developed by Apple for connecting peripheral devices to personal computers Products are FireWire equipped not FireWire enabled A FireWire cable is described according to its connector type such as a 4 pin to 6 pin FireWire cable firmware One word first person Don t use the first person pronouns we us or l rewrite in terms of the reader or the product fixed point adj Note hyphenation fixed width adj Preferred term to describe fonts such as Courier in which each character takes up the same amount of space on the line Synonymous with monospaced flash Refers to a memory or storage medium flash card flash drive flash memory flash storage flashing Don t use to describe the insertion point use blinking for this purpose flatbed scanner Note that flatbed is one word flat blade screwdriver Note hyphenation flat panel adj Note hyphenation flick n v Refers to the act of quickly brushing the finger across a Multi Touch screen or tr
105. e of Title Style Capitalization Except for user interface text guidelines for when to use sentence style capitalization and when to use title style capitalization are a matter of department style For information about how to capitalize user interface text see the human interface guidelines for OS X and iOS In general capitalize the names of onscreen elements exactly as they appear onscreen If an onscreen element uses all capital letters or all lowercase letters use title style capitalization when writing the element name in documentation BUY NOW Click the Buy Now button Em Company mobile worl Enter the email address for WOTIK m your contact in the Work field birthday When you refer to chapters or appendixes don t capitalize the word chapter or appendix except in cross references See Chapter 2 Units of Measure See the appendix for specifications See Appendix B for a list of specifications When using title style capitalization don t capitalize e Articles a an the unless an article is the first word or follows a colon Coordinating conjunctions and but or nor for yet and so e The word to in infinitives How to Start Your Computer The word as regardless of the part of speech Words that always begin with a lowercase letter such as iPod and iTunes Prepositions of four letters or fewer at by for from in into of off on onto out over to up and with
106. e other external display Use only to refer to displays connected to portable computers or to computers with a built in display For modular computers or unknown configurations use additional display You can also use external monitor See also display n monitor F F1 F2 F3 Function keys on a keyboard Capitalize the F and use plain not italic style and arabic numerals No space between letter and numeral face Don t use use font or font family whichever is appropriate failover One word fair language Avoid cultural biases and stereotypes which may offend some users of Apple products Be aware of the variety of people who are potential Apple customers and write consciously to include them Names In examples include a variety of ethnicities and use both female and male given names Given name examples Anton Avram Gabrielle Jim Luisa Mei Sanjiv Yoshiko Family name examples Contreras Johnson Kawabata Meyer Scharanski Stern Wong Situations Portray both women and men in a variety of occupations and situations not just stereotypical ones Chapter 2 Style and usage 58 Pronouns Avoid using male pronouns generically Use he or she or switch to the plural when he or she is awkward However don t use their when the subject is singular Sometimes you can use the second person Correct Each student imports his or her GarageBand composition into iTunes Incorrect Each student imports their
107. e used for user authentication In general a password is used to log in to an account or to gain access to shared resources Compare code passcode pasteboard Don t use in user materials when you mean Clipboard OK to use in developer materials that discuss the NSPasteboard Class but point out that users view the contents of the pasteboard in the Clipboard PATA See Parallel ATA pathname One word Note the treatment of these similar terms device name filename host name user name volume name pathnames Follow these guidelines to specify the path to a location in the file system Absolute path An absolute path describes the location of an item starting at the top level or root of the user s hard disk In user materials describe such paths in plain English Open TextEdit located in the Applications folder at the top level of the hard disk Fonts for all users are stored in the Fonts folder in the Library folder at the top level of the hard disk For more technical audiences for example users who are accustomed to the pathname conventions used in operating systems such as OS X and UNIX you can use slashes including a leading slash to indicate an absolute path In developer materials pathnames are in code font Fonts for all users are stored in Library Fonts You can also use slashes in user materials if the path goes more than two folders deep from the top level of the hard disk Place the file in the System
108. ected data are transferred immediately database n adj One word As a noun database refers to the body of data manipulated by a database app data file Two words date picker Don t use See also picker Date amp Time The name of a System Preferences pane Note the ampersand dates Follow these guidelines for dates unless your department uses international style see Dates and times on page 195 in Chapter 8 International style Commas Use a comma between the day of the month and the year May 23 2013 When you use the full date follow the year with a comma on May 23 2013 at 10 00 a m If you give only the month and year don t use commas in June 2012 at WWDC e Cardinal and ordinal numbers Use cardinal numbers 7 2 3 in dates that include the month Use ordinal numbers 1st 2nd 3rd in dates without the month For ordinal numbers use full size letters not superscript Correct The conference was held on August 12 Correct The conference was held on the 12th Incorrect The conference was held on the 12 When to spell out Spell out the names of days and months in text Use numerals for the year except when it appears at the beginning of a sentence spell out the year there or rewrite to avoid e Slashes in dates Don t use the form 3 5 73 because American usage is different from European usage See also Dates and times on page 195 in Chapter 8 International style daughter board Don t use us
109. ee also Internet addresses web wraparound n Don t use use word wrap See also word wrap write Avoid using as a verb in user materials use copy or burn In developer or server materials the following are acceptable write to a disk write to disk write on a disk Don t use write a disk User materials Copy the files to your hard disk Developer materials The app needs to write to the hard disk Server materials Give the user permission to write to the disk See also burn WWDC Abbreviation for Worldwide Developers Conference See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations WWW Don t use as an abbreviation for World Wide Web Use web instead Chapter 2 Style and usage 166 X x Follow these guidelines when you use the letter x to stand for something else Screen resolutions Use a lowercase x in screen resolutions 1024 x 768 Note the space before and after the x Asa placeholder variable When you use x as a placeholder for replaceable numbers the x is lowercase and in regular text 02xx The x s represent a range of memory addresses For a range of version numbers Except in developer materials don t use x to express a range of software version numbers as in 70 x use a specific number or range of numbers To designate speed For the speed of disc drives use a lowercase x for example 24x speed There s no space between the numeral and the x See also dimen
110. eep that calls the user s attention to an unusual situation Visual alerts such as the one shown here provide messages about error conditions or warn users about potentially hazardous situations or actions Untitled Do you want to keep this new document A You can choose to save your changes or delete this document immediately You can t undo this action Save As o Where Documents A File Format Rich Text Document gt Delete Cancel Save In user materials you can use alert sound or alert message to describe generic alerts Avoid error message except in developer materials You hear a sound called the alert sound when the computer needs your attention An alert message appears if a problem occurs during the installation In specific situations however avoid the word alert if you can simply describe what the user sees or hears A message appears when the installation is finished alias Use for with alias not of or to The alias for the selected file is on the desktop In developer materials the object that the alias represents is called its target which may be a file or a folder In user materials the object is called the original item Don t use aliased See also email alias alignment Use instead of justification to refer to the horizontal placement of lines of text with respect to the left and right edges of the margin Alignment can be flush left fl
111. el a selection Not uncheck unselect unhighlight or dehighlight Compare unselected adj See also checkbox radio button desired Try to avoid Correct make your changes select the folder Incorrect make the desired changes select the desired folder desktop n adj One word Refers to the background area of the screen desktop computer Don t use desktop as a noun to refer to the computer use desktop computer desktop system or just computer or system See also computer system determinate progress bar In developer materials the progress bar that fills from left to right In user materials use progress indicator and describe what it looks like Developer materials Use a determinate progress bar when you can tell the user how much of a process has been completed User materials A progress indicator a moving bar shows the status of the download device name Two words Note the treatment of these similar terms filename host name pathname user name volume name diacritical mark Not diacritic Chapter 2 Style and usage 43 dial in dial in to v dial in adj Note hyphenation of the adjective form dialog In user materials use dialog for windows like the one below that request additional information from the user and are explicitly dismissed by clicking a button within the dialog for example OK Cancel or Print Settings Page Attributes A Format For Any Printer tl Paper Size
112. eminders Use lowercase to refer to a reminder the user creates Use uppercase to refer to the app Type a name for the reminder Use the Reminders app to stay organized Refer to a list of reminders as a reminder list You can share a reminder list with other iCloud users representative Don t use to refer to an AppleCare Support person See also Advisor advisor reset v adj Don t use reset as a noun See also Reset Reset The button or switch which may be labeled with the word Reset or with a triangle symbol Chapter 2 Style and usage 131 resizable Not resizeable resize Not size or grow OK to use change the size of resize control The area in the lower right corner of a window that users drag to resize the window resolution Use a lowercase letter x not the word by to express screen or other resolution 640 x 480 See also dimensions x restart v Don t use as a noun restore v adj Don t use as a noun Correct Avoid stopping the restore process Incorrect Avoid stopping a restore in progress Correct Restoring stopped because the hard disk is full Incorrect The restore stopped because the hard disk is full return character Not carriage return character except in developer materials when you re referring to ASCII character OD Return key Capitalize when you refer to the key on the keyboard Use lowercase when you refer to the character When you press Return you generate a return cha
113. en in a menu is a menu item some menu items are also menu commands or simply commands Use menu item to refer to items that aren t commands such as window names in the Window menu Don t use menu option A menu item is in a menu not on or under a menu a menu contains items or commands Pull down menus Note hyphenation A pull down menu is a menu in the menu bar When you give instructions for choosing an item from a pull down menu use the style shown here Choose menu gt item gt submenu item Choose Edit gt Find gt Find Next Choose File gt Save As Don t use an angle bracket when you re simply identifying which menu contains the item Correct the Page Setup command in the File menu Incorrect the File gt Preferences command Chapter 2 Style and usage 102 Pop up menus Note hyphenation A pop up menu is a menu in a dialog or other window labeled with up and down arrows or just a down arrow For pop up menus use the style shown here Choose Intranet LAN from the Connection Speed pop up menu Choose a format from the Format pop up menu If the pop up menu doesn t have a name simply call it the pop up menu Choose Numeric from the pop up menu Shortcut menus A shortcut menu is a menu that appears when a user presses the Control key and clicks an item on the screen For shortcut menus use the style shown here Control click the image and then choose Copy Image from the shortcut menu If the sho
114. enated even when they re used as an adjective Unit symbols aren t followed by a period unless they appear at the end of a sentence Don t imply more precision than is reasonable in choosing a unit symbol The Apple HDMI to HDMI Cable is 1 8 m long The 11 inch MacBook Air computer weighs 1 08 kg The iPad mini weighs just 308 g 0 68 Ib The iMac computer has a 2 7 GHz 2 9 GHz or 3 2 GHz processor Chapter 8 International style 197
115. ent in the user interface looks like a button appears three dimensional and acts like a button causes something to happen when clicked always call it a button don t call it an icon For example the following interface elements look and act like buttons fi i e Icons that act like buttons If an element in the user interface looks like an icon displays a picture and doesn t appear three dimensional but acts like a button causes something to happen when clicked you can call it either a button or an icon See also checkbox click icon radio button C cable Use cable to describe what physically connects two pieces of hardware Don t use cabling even when you mean cable collectively use cables Compare cord cache n v cached v adj caching n v Note spelling See also level 2 cache level 3 cache calendar When you need to refer to a specific type of calendar use Gregorian calendar to refer to the calendar used in Europe and the Western Hemisphere Use Islamic calendar to refer to the lunar calendar used in predominantly Muslim countries Other calendar names are Buddhist Hebrew and Japanese Calendar Capitalize when referring to the app name You can import your data into Calendar Use lowercase to refer to a user s calendar add events to your calendar create calendars for work and home See also iCloud callback n adj No hyphen callouts Use a callout a short text label with a line that points t
116. er 2 Style and usage 24 browse buttons When discussing iOS apps such as apps in the App Store use to refer to the buttons at the bottom of the screen that enable users to browse content by different categories You can rearrange the browse buttons at the bottom of the screen Don t use browse icons all Sle Featured Top Charts Genius Search Updates Don t use browse buttons to refer to the Dock on the Home screen or to buttons that aren t for browsing content For example the buttons below are simply buttons AP 7 rx World Clock Alarm Stopwatch Timer browser Internet browser web browser Use lowercase for browser when referring to an app used to gain access to the World Wide Web and other Internet and intranet services Compare Media Browser buddy list Two words bug Avoid use problem condition issue or situation instead build to order Note hyphenation Not built to order Always use as an adjective your build to order computer Don t abbreviate as BTO built in adj built in pred adj built into pred adj In headings that use title style capitalization don t capitalize in exception to the rule of capitalizing the second word of a hyphenated compound Open the Built in DVD Drive heading The dialog shows the name of the disc in the built in drive The DVD drive is built in The internal modem is built into the computer built in disk drive You can use built in disk drive built in drive or inte
117. erms include the following HDV format HDV standard HDV video HDV camera HDV camcorder headings See text headings headphone adj Terms include headphone jack and headphone port heads up display See HUD heat sink Two words help Use lowercase unless you re referring to the complete name of an app s help such as Mail Help or iTunes Help You can search the help system for specific topics For more information look in iPhoto Help Chapter 2 Style and usage 70 help book The collection of HTML files that provides onscreen help for a particular product Don t use in user materials use the product s specific name for example Keynote Help Help button A button that opens Help Viewer The standard Help button has a question mark graphic Help Center The help system for OS X Lion and later versions Don t use the with Help Center Choose Help gt Help Center and search for mouse or keyboard Look in Help Center in the Help menu for instructions and troubleshooting information See also help Mac Help help tags Use to refer to the instructional text that appears when the pointer hovers over an interface element in OS X Don t use tooltips that s the Windows term Me HE Qos Show Reading List hexadecimal In user materials don t use hex as a short form In developer materials hex is OK but spell out hexadecimal on first occurrence Use a preceding 0x to designate a hexadecimal number hexagona
118. es Email addresses use this format username domain For example the address steve icloud com specifies a user named steve at the icloud com domain In text Use plain text for email addresses in text Line breaks Avoid line breaks in an email address If necessary set the address ona separate line e Punctuation If an email address ends a sentence it s OK to use a period See also Internet addresses Chapter 2 Style and usage 55 email alias Use to refer to an alternate email address created by a user to mask the user s main email address You can have up to three active email aliases You can also send email from an alias embed Not imbed em dash See dash em EMI Abbreviation for electromagnetic interference See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations enable v enabled adj Avoid in user materials when you mean turn on Turn on implies initiating an action or starting a process immediately enable implies doing a task that makes subsequent actions possible Correct Turn on Windows file sharing Incorrect Enable Windows file sharing Don t use enabled when you mean selected for example when you refer to radio buttons or checkboxes or available when you refer to commands or buttons that are sometimes dimmed but not in this case Correct Make sure the Magnification checkbox is selected in Dock preferences Incorrect Make sure the Magnification option
119. es overview Desktop computers Portable computers iPad iPhone and iPod devices Servers Displays Mac keyboards trackpads and mouse devices Storage devices Wireless networking products Accessories Software and technologies Programs and services Chapter 5 Technical notation Technical notation overview Code Syntax descriptions Code font in text Variables in text Chapter 6 How to write a glossary Glossary overview Format and structure of glossary entries Alphabetization 191 191 191 194 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 Chapter 7 How to develop an index Index overview Format and structure of index entries Chapter 8 International style International style overview Currency Dates and times Decimals Languages Telephone numbers Units of measure Contents About this guide Introduction to the Apple Style Guide The Apple Style Guide provides editorial guidelines for text in Apple instructional materials technical documentation reference information training programs and the software user interface This guide was formerly the Apple Publications Style Guide The name was changed to reflect the growing amount of material that s delivered in electronic formats rather than as traditional print documents Writers editors and developers can use this document as a guide to writing style usage and Apple product terminology Writers and editors should thoroughly review the guide so that they
120. ess refer to the company as Apple You can also use Apple to refer to the company s products and services Today Apple announced a new Mac Pro computer Apple displays offer a brilliant view of your work Don t use Apple alone to refer to products or services always include a noun an Apple computer not an Apple Apple computers not Apples your Apple computer s screen not your Apple s screen You can use the possessive form in references to the company AirPort Extreme is Apple s wireless networking technology You can also use the hyphenated form Apple approved video card Apple certified parts Apple designed templates See also addresses mailing Apple authorized adj Apple authorized pred adj OK to use in general references to Apple authorization Apple authorized procedure No hyphen in proper names Apple Authorized Reseller Apple Authorized Reseller Use the full term unless many references are required in that case you can shorten to reseller Chapter 2 Style and usage 15 Apple Authorized Service Provider Use the full term unless many references are required in that case you can shorten to AASP Apple computer Avoid where Mac computer would work See also Mac Apple event Two words Capitalize the names of Apple events but not the word event Open Application event Quit Application event Open Documents event Print Documents event and so on Apple Filing Protocol See AFP Apple Gift Card OK to u
121. eviation for Apple Filing Protocol See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations afterward Not afterwards agent Don t use when referring to an AppleCare Support person See also Advisor advisor AirMac The name for AirPort in Japan AirMac wireless networking AirMac Extreme Base Station AirMac Express Base Station and so on airplane mode Note lowercase Chapter 2 Style and usage 11 AirPort Versions include AirPort and AirPort Extreme You can use AirPort to refer generally to Apple s wireless networking products or technologies or to refer to the family of AirPort products your AirPort network AirPort software Software AirPort software includes AirPort Utility and AirPort Disk Utility Don t precede these app names with the e Hardware AirPort hardware includes the AirPort Express Base Station the AirPort Extreme Base Station and Time Capsule You can shorten AirPort Express Base Station to AirPort Express but don t use AirPort Extreme unless you re referring to the technology Use an article or your with AirPort Express Use lowercase for base station if you don t use the full product name Correct The AirPort Extreme Base Station is an Apple product Correct Avoid placing the base station near sources of interference Incorrect Avoid placing the Base Station near sources of interference alert n adj Refers generically to a signal either visual a dialog or auditory a b
122. ffle iPod touch iSight iTunes iTunes U iWork Jam Pack Keychain Keynote LiveType Logic Logic Studio Mac MacBook MacBook Air MacBook Pro Macintosh Mac OS Mac Pro MagSafe MainStage Mission Control Numbers OpenCL OS X Pages Passbook Photo Booth PowerBook Power Mac Quartz QuickDraw QuickTime Retina Rosetta Safari Shake Sherlock Siri Smart Cover Soundtrack Spaces Spotlight SuperDrive Time Capsule Time Machine Touch Instruments TrueType WaveBurner WebObjects Xcode Xgrid Xsan and Xserve are trademarks of Apple Inc registered in the U S and other countries AirDrop AirPrint Apple Remote Desktop Cinema Tools EarPods FlyOver iWeb Launchpad Lightning Multi Touch NetInfo Photocasting QuickTime Broadcaster SnapBack and Velocity Engine are trademarks of Apple Inc AppleCare Apple Store Genius iCloud iDisk iMix iTunes Music Store iTunes Store MobileMe and ProCare are service marks of Apple Inc registered in the U S and other countries Apple Consultants Network App Store and iBookstore are service marks of Apple Inc Adobe and PostScript are trademarks or registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the U S and or other countries The Bluetooth word mark and logos are registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG Inc and any use of such marks by Apple is under license Dolby Pro Logic and the double D symbol are trademarks of Dolby Laboratories
123. footnotes Chapter 2 Style and usage 146 The table note begins with the word Note not all caps followed by a colon To make the information in a table note more prominent than a note allows you can add it instead after the table title in parentheses with no capitalization or ending punctuation even if it s a complete sentence When specific items in a table require footnotes either number the items consecutively starting with 1 or use the following symbols in the order shown Consult your department s guidelines for which style to use If you need more symbols double them in the same order asterisk dagger t Option T double dagger Option Shift 7 section Option 6 paragraph 4 Option 7 number tap n v Use to refer to the act of quickly touching and releasing a Multi Touch trackpad on a portable or desktop computer or a Multi Touch screen on an iOS device Users can tap with one or more fingers depending on the device and the action the user is performing Don t use tap on Correct Tap Return to move from one field to another Correct To zoom out tap the map with two fingers Incorrect Tap on the video you want to play On iOS devices users tap items or locations on the screen Tap the highlighted text Tap Edit Tap near the center of the page On portable or desktop computers tap is more often used as an intransitive verb To zoom in or out double tap with two fingers To loo
124. g space instead of a period or comma to divide numbers Express large numbers in their smallest form to make them easier to read A kilobyte is 1024 bytes Apple sold 300 000 iMac computers in the first quarter Apple sold 3 7 million iMac computers in 2 years Chapter 8 International style 195 Languages Language names are represented by a two character code International authority International Organization for Standardization http www iso org Standard ISO 639 Usage Languages are represented by a two character code in a table column or row that clearly indicates that the code represents a language The following table shows examples of language codes de German en English es Spanish fr French it Italian ja Japanese nl Dutch mul Multiple languages In some cases you may need to append an extension to the code to represent a particular Apple localization en na North American English en z International English zh s Simplified Chinese zh t Traditional Chinese Telephone numbers Telephone numbers begin with the plus sign and are followed by a space the country code the city code and the number Freephone toll free numbers are expressed in the local style Always give a toll number if one is available International authority International Telecommunication Union ITU http www itu int Standard ITU T E 123 e Rationale The plus sign represents any
125. g such as the Print dialog uses view but a user guide for a developer app uses pane for the changeable area of the Print dialog See also tab panel Don t use in user materials use dialog window or pane In developer materials use panel in most contexts because Panel appears in the names of programming symbols for example SFChooseIdentityPanel and SFCertificatePanel When however it s seen by the developer as a user sees it such as when giving instructions for using developer apps use the appropriate user term See also dialog pane window Parallel ATA A hard disk drive interface OK to use the acronym PATA if space is limited but spell out whenever possible See also ATA hard disk n adj Serial ATA parental controls Don t use family controls parenthesis sing parentheses pl Note different spelling of singular and plural See also punctuation parts Most documents don t need to be divided into parts division into chapters is usually sufficient A good candidate for division into parts is a document that describes two or more separate products or a document that s so long that division into parts is necessary to make the organization clearer to the reader Part titles Documents are divided into parts when each part deals with a distinct topic Part titles indicate that difference in subject matter Part numbers Roman numerals are usually used for part numbers but your department s design style ma
126. gaflops One word One billion floating point operations per second gigahertz See GHz n adj glossary The writer and editor determine whether a document needs a glossary See Glossary overview on page 187 for guidelines on preparing a glossary glyph In discussions of font technology use when necessary to refer to the distinct visual representation of a character that a display device such as a computer screen or printer can display In some non Roman writing systems several different glyphs may be used to represent a single character Gopher Use as an adjective a Gopher site a server with Gopher software The UNIX command gopher is all lowercase GPU Abbreviation for graphics processing unit See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations See also graphics card Grab Capitalize when referring to the Grab app Don t use as a verb grab point In iOS one of a set of movable points around a text selection Copy Define Highlight gt Drag the grab points to select more or less text Ta point graphic adj Not graphical except in graphical user interface Compare graphics n adj Chapter 2 Style and usage 68 graphical user interface Don t use the acronym GUI graphics n adj Use graphics not graphic as an adjective in reference to the field of graphic art or graphic design You can use advanced graphics software on the Mac graphics card Use for the card that
127. ge you must open the disk image by double clicking it Avoid Use the Recent Items command to mount servers you ve recently used Preferable Use the Recent Items command to connect to servers you ve recently used In server materials or materials for more technical users it s OK to use mount To mount the disk again select it in Disk Utility and click Mount Use this function to mount one or more server volumes Don t use mount as an intransitive verb Correct Mount the volume Incorrect The volume mounts See also unmount v unmounted adj Mountain Lion OS X version 10 8 See also OS X Chapter 2 Style and usage 106 mounted adj In user materials avoid when referring to a disk or disk image that s available use alternatives such as available on your desktop or in a Finder window Note that users can choose whether to display disk icons on their desktops so be careful when using on your desktop as an alternative for mounted Avoid All mounted disks are listed in the sidebar of the Finder window Preferable All available disks are listed in the sidebar of the Finder window In server materials or materials written for more technical users it s OK to use mounted You can t rename a mounted Xsan volume using the Finder See also unmount v unmounted adj mouse Avoid referring to the mouse when possible Switch emphasis to the actions on the screen such as clicking dragging selecting or c
128. guidelines indexes Not indices unless you mean mathematical indices indicator See progress indicator submenu indicator indicator light Not LED industry standard n industry standard adj Note hyphenation the industry standard an industry standard video format information Use instead of data in user materials if it makes sense in the context Info window Not Get Info window or Info box infrared No hyphen in front Use to explain the term active the active window is in front of other windows subsequently use active You can also use to describe windows that float on top of active windows See also active front frontmost Chapter 2 Style and usage 80 initialize When you refer to disks initialize and format mean the same thing inkjet One word inline One word in order to Don t use unless absolutely necessary use just to input n adj Avoid using as a verb use enter or type depending on the context Input menu A menu that appears at the right side of the menu bar with other menu bar icons when the user has selected at least one item in the Input Sources pane of Language amp Text preferences The menu s icon is a country flag or a language specific character input output See I O insertion point Use to describe the point at which the user types or inserts data The vertical blinking bar marks the insertion point See also cursor pointer inside Not inside of inspector A window that en
129. h as is set up to work with iCloud or has iCloud turned on Preferable Make sure you ve set up your device to work with iCloud Avoid Make sure your device is iCloud enabled Chapter 2 Style and usage 76 The cloud Avoid referring to the cloud when you can use iCloud You can say content is in iCloud but try to reword to make iCloud the subject iCloud stores iCloud updates and so on Preferable iCloud stores new photos for 30 days Acceptable New photos are stored in iCloud for 30 days Avoid New photos are stored in the cloud for 30 days iCloud storage Content isn t in iCloud storage it s just in iCloud Use the term iCloud storage only when specifically discussing how much storage space the user has Users upgrade their iCloud storage they don t purchase storage or increase their storage quota See also Calendar Contacts Mail Photo Stream iCloud app switcher Don t use in user materials just tell users how to switch apps Correct Click the iCloud button and select an app Incorrect Click the iCloud button and select an app in the iCloud app switcher iCloud button Use iCloud button to refer to any button labeled with an iCloud icon unless the button has been given a name specific to a particular app for example the iCloud Tabs button in Safari If it s not clear whether an iCloud icon functions as a button you can call it an iCloud icon 000 Lair cs et le eo m s iCloud Apr na bu
130. h or without an article You can connect digital devices to the Mac mini Mac mini delivers unprecedented power in a small package Don t use Mac Mini even in title style headings Correct Setting Up Your Mac mini Incorrect Setting Up Your Mac Mini Mac OS Two words Use with an article the Mac OS except when including a version number Mac OS X v10 6 Use Mac compatible to refer to software or hardware that can be used with the Mac OS See also Mac OS X OS X version Mac OS Extended format Mention on first occurrence that this is also called HFS Plus not HFS thereafter use Mac OS Extended format See also HFS Plus Mac OS Extended Journaled format Mention on first occurrence that this is also called HFS Plus Journaled thereafter use Mac OS Extended Journaled format Don t use HFS Journaled See also HFS Plus Journaled Mac OS Standard format Mention on first occurrence that this is also called HFS thereafter use Mac OS Standard format See also HFS Mac OS X Use to refer to versions of Mac OS X earlier than OS X Lion version 10 7 Always use the full name don t shorten to OS X or X Note spacing between each part of the product name Make sure to use a nonbreaking space Option Space bar to keep all of the name on the same line Version number When indicating a version of Mac OS X use either version or v closed up without a period following Mac OS X Mac OS X version 10 6 Mac OS X v10 6
131. hapter 2 Style and usage 100 Mbit n adj Abbreviation for megabit See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations e Noun In the noun form use a space between the numeral and the abbreviation The preposition of is necessary before the unit that the value quantifies 10 Mbit of memory Adjective Don t hyphenate the adjective form 10 Mbit memory Mbit s Standard international abbreviation for megabits per second Some Apple groups use Mbps instead See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations MB s Standard international abbreviation for megabytes per second Some Apple groups use MB sec instead See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations measurement See Units of measure overview on page 168 media medium When you describe a method of storing or delivering information use the singular medium or the plural media The characteristics of the video storage medium determine playback and recording capabilities singular The guide is presented in both print and electronic media plural When you discuss video audio and still image content however you can use media as a singular term to describe a collection of content for example a set of video clips Your imported media appears as clips in one or more events Media Browser Capitalize as shown when referring to the window that appears in iLife apps iWork apps and
132. hapter 2 Style and usage 46 disc titles Use italics for the full title of a disc and capitalize it the way it appears on the label The word CD or DVD isn t typically part of the title disk Use disk to refer to magnetic storage media such as hard disks For optical storage media such as CDs and DVDs use disc Don t use drive or hard drive a mechanism that holds and accesses a disk when you mean disk You can often just refer to the computer instead of the disk Install the administration software on the server It s OK to use disk more broadly to include other types of computer storage media such as solid state drives and flash storage For example terms such as startup disk disk space disk partition disk image target disk mode disk activity disk permissions backup disk and network disk are commonly used regardless of the type of storage Disk versus volume In user materials use disk instead of volume to refer in general to hard disks and shared disks e Articles In general don t omit the article in phrases like to a disk or ona disk Correct Store data on a disk Incorrect Store data on disk See also drive hard disk optical disk volume disk disk drive n adj Don t use disk as a short form A drive writes data to and reads data from a disk Don t hyphenate disk drive when you use the phrase as a compound adjective See also drive disk image Two words Note the k in disk disk mode In user mater
133. hen clicked tapped or pressed You click or tap an onscreen button you press a mechanical button Click the Save As PDF button Press the Reset button The following screenshot shows two kinds of onscreen buttons standard buttons and radio buttons Button 1 Radio Button 1 Button 2 Radio Button 2 Button names In general write the names of buttons exactly as they appear onscreen If the button s name uses sentence style capitalization enclose the name in quotation marks If the button s name uses title style capitalization don t enclose the name in quotation marks even if one of the words is in lowercase Click Cancel Click the Position on screen button Tap Add to Favorites If a button name uses all capital letters or all lowercase letters use title style capitalization when writing the button name in materials BUY NOW gt Click the Buy Now button e Button descriptions Buttons have color or don t have color don t refer to buttons as clear Don t describe the default button in a dialog as blue because the user may be using the Graphite appearance simply call it the default button Chapter 2 Style and usage 26 e Unlabeled buttons lf a button doesn t have a label and there s no established name for the button consult your editor to determine what to call it Use title style capitalization for the name of the button Q Click the Lock button Buttons and icons If an elem
134. hese are the basic rules e Write in simple structures Don t use idiomatic or colloquial expressions Avoid shortcuts symbols and abbreviations that could easily be spelled out Express data using the standard international conventions outlined in this chapter You should vary from these standards only when there s a truly compelling advantage in using a proprietary or customary style For more information about standard international conventions visit the websites listed in this chapter Currency Currency amounts are expressed with the appropriate International Organization for Standardization ISO currency code International authority International Organization for Standardization ISO http www iso org Standard ISO 4217 e Rationale Currency codes are specific to a currency and can t be confused or misinterpreted by the reader Currency symbols such as the dollar sign aren t unique and are easily misread Usage Write the amount followed by a space and the currency code in capitals The computer is priced at 1199 USD The computer costs 1980 EUR The following table shows examples of currency codes Currency Code Canadian dollar CAD euro EUR pound sterling GBP yen JPY U S dollar USD 194 Dates and times Dates are expressed as year month day and are separated by a hyphen Times are expressed on a 24 hour clock International authority International Organization fo
135. hoosing See also choose click drag press select v Avoid using the plural form of mouse If you must use the plural use either mouse devices or mice Apple offers several types of mouse devices mouse down event Note hyphenation Mouse Keys Capitalize when you refer to the feature that can be set in the Accessibility pane of System Preferences mousepad One word mouse scaling n mouse scaling adj Note hyphenation of adjective mouse up event Note hyphenation movie In general use to describe commercially produced films or the end product a user creates in a video editing app such as iMovie or Final Cut Pro You can buy or rent movies from the iTunes Store You can publish your completed movie to a website such as YouTube or Facebook See also iMovie video MP3 Short for MPEG Audio Layer 3 an audio compression technology The plural is MP3s Don t use MP3 to refer to audio files in general some files use AAC or other formats MPEG Acronym for Moving Picture Experts Group a working group of the International Standards Organization ISO The acronym is pronounced em peg It s not necessary to spell out on first occurrence MPEG usually refers to the family of digital video compression standards that the group developed There are three major versions MPEG 1 MPEG 2 and MPEG 4 MPEG 4 is based on the QuickTime file format and defines standards for video and audio streaming There s no MPEG 3 Note th
136. hought exception to The Chicago Manual of Style See also lists bulleted color lookup table See CLUT color picker Don t use See also picker color pixels Not colored pixels colors Colors include shades of gray so you can use colors to refer to settings for both grayscale and color displays On first mention of setting colors say for example You can set the number of colors or shades of gray displayed on the screen Thereafter use colors color well Use to refer to the small rectangular or square control used to apply a color selection column view A way to display and select items in a hierarchy of data for example the column view in Finder windows Column View button The button second from the right in the View control in Finder windows Chapter 2 Style and usage 35 combined action In developer materials use to refer to a combination of mouse or trackpad actions with keyboard presses for example Option Shift click In user materials use keyboard shortcuts to refer to actions that include keyboard presses Combo drive An optical drive that reads CDs and DVDs and reads and writes burns CD R and CD RW discs Not ComboDrive or Combo Drive Use Combo drive DVD ROM CD RW to list the drive s capabilities See also optical drive SuperDrive command Use command or menu command in user materials don t use menu option The menu contains a list of commands Use the Print command to create a P
137. http www apple com legal intellectual property trademark appletmlist htm external Third party trademarks Certain third party trademarks also must receive a credit line on the copyright page See the Special and Licensed Trademarks and or Copyrights section of the most recent Apple trademark list which is available at the websites shown above See also trademarks credit lines and symbols trademarks usage cord Use only to describe a power cord or a phone cord Compare cable core Short for execution core or processor core See also dual core adj Corporation Corp Spell out or abbreviate according to the particular corporation s preference corrupted Avoid if possible Use damaged instead courier A person or company that delivers packages and postal mail Don t use when you mean carrier Cover Flow A feature that enables users to visually browse items such as files webpages and songs in the Finder and other apps Users can use Cover Flow or view items in Cover Flow When you need to distinguish between Cover Flow and other views such as icon view or list view it s OK to say Cover Flow view You can view items in a Finder window as icons in a list in columns or in Cover Flow To switch from column view to Cover Flow view click the Cover Flow button See also Cover Flow button View control Cover Flow button The rightmost button in the View control in Finder windows Chapter 2 Style and usage 39
138. iPod shuffle iPod touch Servers e Mac mini with Lion Server Mac mini with OS X Server e Mac Pro with Lion Server e Mac Pro with OS X Server e Xserve e Xserve G5 e Xserve RAID Displays Measurements given are the diagonal screen size not the viewable image size e Apple Cinema Display 20 inch flat panel Apple Cinema Display 22 inch flat panel Apple Cinema HD Display 23 inch flat panel e Apple Cinema HD Display 30 inch flat panel e Apple LED Cinema Display 24 inch flat panel e Apple LED Cinema Display 27 inch flat panel e Apple Thunderbolt Display 27 inch flat panel Chapter 4 Apple product names 175 Mac keyboards trackpads and mouse devices Apple Keyboard with Numeric Keypad Apple Mouse e Apple Pro Keyboard e Apple Wireless Keyboard e Apple Wireless Mouse e Magic Mouse Magic Trackpad Mighty Mouse Arge devices e Apple Drive Module e Apple USB SuperDrive Combo drive DVD ROM CD RW e Fusion Drive e MacBook Air SuperDrive e SuperDrive DVD R CD RW SuperDrive DVD4RW CD RW SuperDrive DVD RDL DVD RW CD RW SuperDrive DVD RDL DVD RW CD RW Wireless networking products e AirPort AirPort Extreme AirPort Express e AirPort Base Station AirPort Extreme Base Station AirPort Express Base Station e AirPort Card AirPort Extreme Card e Time Capsule Accessories This section lists just some of Apple s products both past and present in this category See
139. ials avoid describing an iPod as being in disk mode use alternatives such as if disk use is enabled or when using your iPod as a hard disk disk name Use when you refer to the name that appears below a disk s icon on the desktop don t use disk title for this purpose display n In most cases use display not monitor to refer to the primary display connected to a desktop computer Also use display to refer to the built in display in a portable or all in one computer Don t use when you mean desktop or screen Correct A window appears on the screen Incorrect A window appears on the display Correct Arrange your display so that the top of the screen is slightly below eye level See also monitor screen display v Don t use display when you mean appear Correct The Print dialog appears Incorrect The Print dialog displays See also appear display cable Use instead of monitor cable or monitor power cord for Apple displays Chapter 2 Style and usage 47 display device Refers to a device connected to the computer that displays text or graphics If possible be more specific LCD projector or television display name In user materials don t use to refer to the name of a file use filename the name of the file or similar display sleep Don t use Pressing the Sleep Wake button locks or unlocks an iOS device it doesn t put the device in display sleep See also sleep display port The port on a computer or g
140. ials use pointer in general references Use arrow or arrow pointer when you re comparing different types of pointers and want to describe this type of pointer h When you click the Text tool the pointer becomes an beam Click the Selection tool to display the arrow pointer Cursor as in the VoiceOver cursor may be appropriate when you describe other interfaces and in developer materials See also cursor insertion point pointer Chapter 2 Style and usage 18 arrowhead One word Don t use when you mean the tip of the arrow pointer arrow keys Use lowercase in general references Don t use direction keys Capitalize and use the complete name of each arrow key when you refer to it by name Correct Use the arrow keys to move the insertion point from cell to cell Incorrect Use the Arrow keys to move the insertion point from cell to cell Correct Press the Left Arrow key Incorrect Press the Left arrow key Correct Use the Up Arrow and Down Arrow keys to scroll through the document Incorrect Use the Up and Down Arrow keys to scroll through the document ASCII Acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms ASIC Acronym for application specific integrated circuit Note hyphen in spelled out version See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms aspect ratio Use a colon in aspect ratios 4 3 16 9 as
141. iations To form the plural of an acronym or an abbreviation add an s but no apostrophe CDs DVDs Adjectives Don t add s to an adjective unless necessary For example it s electronic circuit but electronics engineer Other words that fall into this class of adjectives are graphic and graphics communication and communications numeric and numerics Letters and symbols To form the plural of a letter or symbol add an apostrophe and an s p s s Numbers Form the plural of numbers by adding an s 1s 1930s Nouns Don t use s to indicate that a noun can be either singular or plural To refer to both the singular and plural forms spell them out if possible rewrite to avoid either construction Acceptable initializing your hard disk or disks Preferable initializing hard disks Incorrect initializing your hard disk s Trademarked product names Form the plural of trademarked product names by adding the plural generic noun to the singular product name Correct Mac computers MacBook Pro computers iMac computers Incorrect Macs MacBook Pros iMacs If a product name includes a generic noun as well as a trademarked adjective form the plural as you would with any noun AirPort Cards AppleCare Service Parts Kits Words as words Form the plural of a word italicized to show that it s used as a word by adding an apostrophe and an s Don t italicize the apostrophe or the s He had too many and s in the sentence
142. icensed Trademarks and or Copyrights section of the Apple trademark list e Trademark symbols In user and developer materials print and electronic don t use trademark symbols for Apple trademarks in headings or text Note that other types of documents such as press releases do use trademark symbols in text Follow the guidelines for your type of documentation Trademark status may change with time For the most current Apple trademarks consult the trademark list on the web http Igs apple com policies procedures apple inc trademark list internal http www apple com legal intellectual property trademark appletmlist htm external Chapter 2 Style and usage 153 trademarks usage Follow these guidelines for using trademarks in text Adjectives Trademarks are correctly used as adjectives modifying nouns The first use of a trademark in text should be as an adjective Thereafter you can occasionally use the noun form but use the adjective form frequently throughout the text Correct first mention Congratulations on the purchase of your new iMac computer Incorrect first mention Congratulations on the purchase of your new iMac Acceptable later reference Use both hands to lift your iMac Plural form Don t use a trademarked name in the plural form Correct If you have more than one Mac computer Incorrect If you have several Macs e Possessive form Don t use a trademarked name in the possessive form
143. ight or up increases the value and dragging to the left or down decreases the value variables Refers to artificial terms that are to be replaced by a value or symbol In running text use italics when you refer to a variable and spell the variable just as it would appear in a syntax description Replace volumeName with a name of up to 12 characters When the words are being used as a regular English phrase don t use italics and put spaces between words Correct The volume name may have up to 12 characters Incorrect The volumeName may have up to 12 characters See also syntax descriptions and Technical notation overview on page 185 version Use lowercase for version when you refer to versions of software as in iPhoto version 9 For apps it s OK to leave out version Use Keynote 5 to create your presentation e Version numbers for software To include the version number use the form app name 5 not 5 0 unless a more specific reference is required such as app name 5 0 4 Motion 5 Motion 5 0 4 Earlier or later Use earlier or later rather than lower or higher or newer or older This app requires OS X version 10 8 or later Abbreviating the word version When you abbreviate the word version when referring to OS X use v closed up without a period following OS X OS X v10 8 The letter x Except in developer materials don t use x to mean any number as in 70 x use a specific number or range of
144. in code font unless the punctuation mark is part of the computer language element represented NAN 004 nan 4 and NaN are examples of acceptable input Variables in text In running text use italic text font when referring to a variable that is an artificial term that has meaning only in your documentation and is to be replaced by a value or symbol Spell the variable just as it would appear in a syntax description Don t use a variable as you would use a regular English term Correct Replace volumeName with a name of up to 12 characters Correct The volume name can be up to 12 characters long Incorrect The volumeName can be up to 12 characters long Avoid foo bar baz or frobozz to represent hierarchical or ordered variables in code examples Instead use variables that suggest the kind of item TObject FirstMethod TObject SecondMethod Chapter 5 Technical notation 186 How to write a glossary Glossary overview A good glossary can enhance the usefulness of the documentation you produce by providing clear concise definitions of terms as they re used in the context of a document The use of glossaries varies by department and document type Consult your department s guidelines or your editor to determine whether a glossary is needed for a document Your editor can also help define the target audience for a glossary and which terms to include The following steps provide an overview of what s needed to put together
145. in compound adjectives that include audio audio editing app audio CD Not CD audio disc audio chat audio chatting n v adj Two words OK to use audio conference or audio chat audio conference audio conferencing n v adj Two words OK to use audio conference or audio chat audio file Use audio file or simply audio to refer to the source audio material imported into an app such as iTunes GarageBand for Mac or Final Cut Pro audio input audio input output audio output n adj No hyphen You can shorten to audio in audio in out and audio out Types of audio input output include audio line in audio line out analog audio and optical digital audio or optical audio Audio Units Always plural not Audio Unit In user materials use only as an adjective the Audio Units format OK to use lowercase and to use as a noun in developer materials Logic Pro supports Audio Units plug ins You can install third party Audio Units filters GarageBand automates Audio Units instruments and effects audio video Refers to equipment and apps that deal with sound and sight The term can be abbreviated as AV or A V A V receiver A V equipment Apple Composite AV Cable auto prefix Close up in words beginning with a consonant autoconfiguration autoplay autosave autosensing autosync auto answer auto update Autofill AutoFill The iTunes feature is Autofill the Safari feature is AutoFill Use autofill for the verb autoplay
146. in developer materials Startup Disk A pane in System Preferences startup display startup screen Not splash screen Startup display startup screen and opening display are all OK startup sound Use to refer to the chord heard during a successful startup sequence Don t use boot chime statement Not necessarily the same as line One line may contain several statements and one statement may extend over several lines stationery A feature of OS X Mail Use lowercase except for interface elements step Don t capitalize even in specific references step 1 steps 1 and 2 several steps Chapter 2 Style and usage 141 stepper In developer materials use to refer to a control that has up and down arrows or left and right arrows to increase or decrease a value Don t use in user materials unless it s necessary to refer to the control itself use up arrow down arrow right arrow left arrow or arrows as appropriate For example Click one of the arrows to increase or decrease the volume stereotypes See fair language Stickies Don t use to refer to the things you create using Stickies use notes Sticky Keys Capitalize when you refer to the feature that can be set in the Accessibility pane of System Preferences still image n still image adj Note hyphenation of adjective Use in video editing or multimedia contexts to refer to a single static image such as a photo a title or an illustration You can import video audio
147. indow controls in the upper left corner of the title bar cloud Capitalize in names of iCloud features Documents in the Cloud iTunes in the Cloud otherwise use lowercase Avoid using the cloud to refer to iCloud iTunes in the Cloud stores all your music in iCloud so it s available anytime anywhere See also iCloud CLUT Acronym for color lookup table See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms co prefix Close up except in a few words beginning with o co op co owner coexist cooperate coprocessor coworker coaching tips Use to refer to the instructional tags built into many apps Coaching tips appear all at once when the user clicks a button an individual tip can include a link to a learn more page Don t shorten to tips See also help tags 286 Photos Photos Chapter 2 Style and usage 33 coax Don t use when you mean coaxial code When discussing wireless accessories use code to refer to the series of numbers generated by an accessory for example a Bluetooth enabled device to establish a connection with a computer or an iOS device Choose the device on iPhone and enter its code See also passcode codec Short for coder decoder or compressor decompressor Not CODEC Telecommunications A codec coder decoder is a device for encoding and decoding signals Modems and digital telephones use codecs to convert information between digital and analog signals M
148. ino CA 95014 Fax and email Elements such as fax numbers and email addresses can be included in Apple mailing addresses Place the elements below the phone number using the following format Fax 408 123 1234 Email appleci apple com e Other addresses For other addresses spell out elements such as Avenue Drive Road Street and Suite It s OK to abbreviate Blvd and Bldg Use the format shown in the preceding examples for city and state phone numbers fax numbers and email addresses Use two letter abbreviations for state names see The Chicago Manual of Style adjuster Don t use to refer to a control that has up and down arrows or left and right arrows to increase or decrease a value In user materials use up arrow down arrow right arrow left arrow or arrows as appropriate For example Click one of the arrows to increase or decrease the volume If it s necessary to refer to the control itself use stepper See also stepper Chapter 2 Style and usage 10 administrator n A person who has administrative authority for networks servers databases or other information technology assets Don t shorten to admin To maintain the distinction between professional administrators and OS X users with administrator accounts avoid using the noun administrator by itself to describe a person who has an administrator account in OS X Instead you can say a user with an administrator account typically the owner or owners of a pa
149. is built in a card can be removed by the user Compare card bookmark n v adj One word Capitalize when part of a product name iCloud Bookmarks Boolean adj Note capitalization boot Don t use for start up or switch on except in developer or server materials In materials written for new users however you may want to mention the term boot or include it in the glossary because users may see the term elsewhere boot chime Don t use for the chord heard during a successful startup sequence Use startup sound boot disk Don t use except in developer or server materials Instead use startup disk bottommost One word box Don t use dialog box use dialog See also dialog bps Don t use as the abbreviation for bits per second Use bit s braces Use braces not curly brackets to describe these symbols When you need to distinguish between the opening and closing braces use left brace and right brace brackets Use brackets not square brackets to describe these symbols Don t use brackets when you mean angle brackets lt gt When you need to distinguish between the opening and closing brackets use left bracket and right bracket braille Note lowercase bridge Don t use interchangeably with router See also router broadband n adj One word browsable Not browseable browse v It s OK to use browse as either a transitive verb browse the web or an intransitive verb browse through a website Chapt
150. isy chained adj pred adj chapter Capitalize the word chapter in references to specific chapters exception to The Chicago Manual of Style Chapter 5 Expanding Your Computer Chapters 4 and 5 in the next chapter See also capitalization character Use in reference to what a key on the computer s keyboard stands for Compare symbol check Don t use when you mean the action of clicking a checkbox to select an option See also checkbox checkbox One word Refers to an onscreen box like these Checkbox 1 Checkbox 2 You select or deselect a checkbox Correct Select the Object causes wrap checkbox Correct Select Object causes wrap Correct Deselect the option Object causes wrap Ambiguous Click the checkbox labeled Object causes wrap A checkbox can be selected or unselected If the checkbox is unselected the option is off Don t use check uncheck or checked unchecked unless you can select an item s checkbox without selecting the item In iTunes for example a song can be selected but unchecked or checked but unselected Sync only checked items To prevent a song from playing deselect the checkbox next to the song Compare radio button See also select v checkmark One word Chapter 2 Style and usage 31 checkout n adj check out v One word except as a verb checksum One word chip Use integrated circuit or silicon chip with an explanatio
151. ites burns CDs and DVDs SuperDrive is typically preceded by an article or a pronoun To refer to more than one drive use SuperDrive optical drives Types of SuperDrive optical drives include the following SuperDrive DVD R CD RW SuperDrive DVD RW CD RW SuperDrive DVD R DL DVD4RW CD RW SuperDrive DVD R DL DVD RW CD RW To refer to the SuperDrive that burns DVD R DL or DVD R DL discs use a term such as SuperDrive with double layer support SuperDrive with double layer DVD burning double layer SuperDrive or double layer burning SuperDrive don t use DL SuperDrive or SuperDrive DL To list the drive s speed use the form 8x speed SuperDrive or 8x SuperDrive See also Combo drive DVD optical drive support Avoid in user materials when you can use compatible works with or another appropriate word or phrase Preferable AirPlay Mirroring works with iPad 2 or later Avoid The first generation iPad didn t support AirPlay Mirroring Preferable You can use files in most QuickTime formats with iMovie Avoid iMovie supports most QuickTime formats It s OK to use support to refer to a product or feature that Apple doesn t provide but that the user can obtain for example using software from other manufacturers Avoid saying Apple doesn t support something Check the iMovie website for a list of supported camcorders See also Apple Support surround sound n adj No hyphen Technologies include Dolby Digital 5 1 surrou
152. ith two fingers Touch and hold the object with one finger and use another finger to swipe in the direction you want the object to move You can also refer to fingers to provide greater detail when you first define or describe a gesture other occurrences can omit finger Defining reference Pinch two fingers together or apart to zoom out or in Other occurrences Pinch to zoom in on the page When describing the act of scrolling or navigating through documents and other items it s often preferable to simply use scroll instead of specific gestures such as drag flick or swipe See also scroll Here s a list of gestures and their definitions Tap Quickly touch and release to select a control or item equivalent to clicking on a Mac Tap the song you want to play Drag Move one finger across the screen or trackpad to scroll through items drag items or controls or pan around items Drag to scroll through your list of songs Drag the slider to adjust the brightness Drag to see other parts of the map Flick Scroll or pan quickly similar to dragging but quicker Flick up or down to scroll quickly through your contacts Swipe Quickly slide one or more fingers across the screen or trackpad to reveal controls or to scroll through documents lists or groups of items Implies a less controlled motion than dragging Swipe over the note and tap Delete Swipe left or right to move between dates Pinch Move two finge
153. itled titles chapter and section Make chapter titles and headings concise and consistent Keep the reader s needs in mind and remember that these elements are used primarily as locators for someone skimming through a document titles disc See disc titles titles document See document titles titles window See window titles titles of works Use italics for the titles of books magazines newspapers manuals movies videos plays television shows radio shows podcast series blogs music albums and works of art Use plain text and quotation marks for the titles of works that are more limited in scope such as articles stories reports TV episodes podcast episodes sections of blogs songs chapters and sections of works and photographs See also disc titles document titles title style capitalization Capitalize each word except for articles prepositions of four or fewer letters and so on Compare sentence style capitalization See also capitalization to do adj Note hyphen to do list Don t use as a noun toggle v OK to use in developer materials Don t use in user materials instead say turn on and off switch between or whatever wording is appropriate in the context toolbar One word An area containing buttons such as in Finder windows and OS X Mail Don t call toolbar buttons icons or shortcuts toolkit One word tooltips See help tags Chapter 2 Style and usage 152 Torx screwdriver Not Tore
154. ity e Documents in the Cloud DVD Player DVD Studio Pro Enterprise Objects e Expos e FaceTime FileVault Final Cut Express Chapter 4 Apple product names 179 Final Cut Express HD e Final Cut Pro Final Cut Pro HD Final Cut Pro X Final Cut Server e Final Cut Studio Finder Find My Friends Find My iPhone Find My Mac e FireWire Flyover e Font Book e Front Row FxPlug e FX Script e Game Center GarageBand GarageBand Jam Pack Gatekeeper Grab e Grand Central Dispatch e Help Center e Help Viewer iAd iBooks iBooks Author e iCal iCal Server iChat iChat Server iChat Theater iCloud iDisk iDVD iLife Image Capture e iMovie e iMovie HD Impulse Response Utility e InkPad Chapter 4 Apple product names 180 e Inkwell Interface Builder Internet Connect iOS iPhone OS e iPhoto e iSync e iTunes iTunes in the Cloud e iTunes Movie Trailers e iTunes U e iTunes U Course Manager e iWeb iWork e Keychain Access e Keynote e Keynote Remote e Launchpad e LiveFont e LiveType e Logic Express e Logic Pro e Logic Studio e MacOS9 e Mac OS X e Mac OS X Server e Mail e Mail Server e MainStage e Maps e Messages e Messages Server e Migration Assistant e Mission Control Mobile Access Server e Motion e Multi Touch e Music e NetBoot e Netinfo e Netinstall
155. j As a noun numerics takes a singular verb Use numerics not numeric as an adjective in relation to the science of numerics numerics capabilities numerics environment NVIDIA Note spelling O offline One word offscreen adj adv One word Used in developer materials offsite One word OK Not okay onboard One word Short for on the board refers to components attached to a circuit board or logic board Use built in as in built in graphics card or internal unless you need to make clear that a component is attached to a board once Don t use when you mean after Correct After you turn on the computer Incorrect Once you turn on the computer Chapter 2 Style and usage 111 one click adj Use to refer to actions or functions that are very simple From one click fixes to detailed editing there are a number of tools available in the iPhoto edit view Don t use 1 Click to refer to simple actions online One word Use to describe items to which the user gains access over a network You can search an online database Connection Avoid using online to refer to the state of being connected to a network Instead use a specific appropriate term Correct connected to the network Correct logged in Incorrect if you re online e Local files Avoid using online to describe items such as tutorials that are viewed onscreen but stored on a local disk Instead substitute a more specific word such as onscreen
156. k up a word in the dictionary select the word and triple tap with two fingers See also click double tap n double tap v double tapping n v gestures press type v tap and hold Don t use Tap means to touch and release quickly so use touch and hold instead See also click and hold target disk mode Note lowercase Chapter 2 Style and usage 147 TB n adj Abbreviation for terabyte TB equals 10004 bytes in the context of file size or disk storage capacity or 10244 bytes in the context of computer memory See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations e Noun In the noun form use a space between the numeral and the abbreviation The preposition of is necessary before the unit that the value quantifies 1 TB of memory 2 TB of storage capacity Adjective Don t hyphenate the adjective form a 1TB memory card a 2 TB Serial ATA hard drive Tbit n adj Abbreviation for terabit See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations e Noun In the noun form use a space between the numeral and the abbreviation The preposition of is necessary before the unit that the value quantifies 1 Thit of line capacity Adjective Don t hyphenate the adjective form 10 Tbit router Tbit s Standard international abbreviation for terabits per second Some Apple groups use Tbps instead See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviation
157. l head screw Not hex head screw HFS Abbreviation for hierarchical file system Avoid in user materials use Mac OS Standard format instead See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations HFS Plus Don t use HFS Avoid in user materials use Mac OS Extended format instead HFS Plus Journaled Don t use HFS Journaled Avoid in user materials use Mac OS Extended Journaled format instead hierarchical file system See HFS high Use a hyphen in compound adjectives beginning with high high bandwidth high definition high level high quality high resolution high bit n high bit adj Not hi bit or hi bit High bit is an acceptable short form for the noun high order bit high definition n high definition adj See HD n adj highlight trans v Don t use in user materials In developer materials don t use as an intransitive verb Correct Your app should identify the selection range and highlight it properly Incorrect The icon highlights when you click it Compare highlighted adj highlighting n select v Chapter 2 Style and usage 71 highlighted adj No hyphen Not hilighted Don t use inverted except in developer materials When explaining highlighting use a highlighted icon changes color or a highlighted icon is filled in Correct When you click the icon it becomes highlighted Incorrect When you click the icon it highlights Don t use unhighlighted or
158. le in the Trash Q quad Hyphenate compound adjectives beginning with quad quad band quad channel quad core quad port quality Don t use quality alone as an adjective include a modifier The compound adjective is hyphenated broadcast quality high quality professional quality question mark button Don t use use Help button Quick Look Capitalize when you refer to the feature in OS X Don t use quick look as a verb quick reference card No hyphen QuickTime A media player and authoring environment Related software includes the following QuickTime Broadcaster QuickTime Player QuickTime Pro QuickTime Streaming Server QuickTime Streaming Server Publisher QuickTime VR Don t precede names with the Open QuickTime Player QuickTime VR VR stands for virtual reality Don t use QTVR Chapter 2 Style and usage 128 quit Use quit to refer to stopping an app from running completely Don t use exit exit from or leave when you mean quit See also close force quit interrupt stop quotation marks Use curly opening and closing quotation marks except in code font Don t use single or double quotation marks for units of measure use the prime symbol for feet Option Shift E and the double prime symbol for inches Option Shift G With periods and commas Put periods and commas within quotation marks If necessary for clarity periods and commas can go outside as in ANS 1 With other punctuation Semicolons colons
159. leading for example when you discuss a particular character in plain style In such cases use quotation marks The letter a can be converted to a Key names Don t italicize a letter when you use it as the name of a key Press Command Q See also italics level 2 cache level 3 cache Can be abbreviated as L2 cache or L3 cache Don t use secondary cache or second level cache when you mean L2 cache library Use lowercase in general references your iTunes library the photo library Capitalize the names of interface elements click Library Chapter 2 Style and usage 92 like suffix Close up words ending with like unless the word is a proper name or a compound term or the resulting word is difficult to read businesslike Ethernet like typewriter like limited warranty Note lowercase line Not necessarily the same as statement One line may contain several statements and one statement may extend over several lines line breaks Don t break a line between Chapter or Appendix and its number or letter between Figure or Table and its number between s ot or port and its number or between a product name and its number Don t break a line within an email address or a URL line feed n line feed adj Note hyphenation of adjective link n In a hypertext document such as a webpage a link is a connection between an element in the document text or graphics and a different element in the document or another doc
160. lines about spelling out acronyms dimmed Use dimmed not hollow or grayed to describe a shaded icon menu item button or option in a dialog Dimmed options can t be selected Dimmed menu items can t be chosen Dimmed icons can represent disks whose contents are displayed in a window disks that have been ejected or files or folders in the window of a disk that has been ejected You don t need to say dimmed unavailable because a dimmed object is understood to be unavailable direct connect adj Note hyphenation direction keys Don t use use arrow keys See also arrow keys Chapter 2 Style and usage 45 directory Standard UNIX term for an organizational unit or container used to organize files and other directories into a hierarchical structure known as a file system In developer materials use directory in other Apple materials use folder See also folder directory pathnames See pathnames disable v disabled adj In user materials avoid disable when you can use turn off or deselect Don t use disabled when you mean unavailable when you refer to menu items Correct Make sure virus protection software is turned off and your computer isn t set to go to sleep Avoid Make sure virus protection software and system sleep are disabled In developer materials it s OK to use enabled and disabled when you describe buttons menu items and the like Don t use disabled as an adjective to refer to people If it
161. me in text or text headings Correct Choose File gt Print and then enter the number of copies Incorrect Choose File gt Print and then enter the number of copies See also choose command menus Chapter 2 Style and usage 36 command pop down menu Don t use in user materials use pop up menu See also menus commas Use a serial comma before and or or in a list of three or more items Correct You can ask Siri to place phone calls send text messages send reminders and more Incorrect You can ask Siri to place phone calls send text messages send reminders and more Common Gateway Interface See CGI communication communications Use the singular to describe the act of communicating the plural to describe the technology compact disc See CD Company Co Spell out or abbreviate according to the particular company s preference compile time n compile time adj Note hyphenation of adjective component video Note lowercase composite video Note lowercase comprise A whole comprises parts Parts constitute a whole Don t use is comprised of Your video editing system comprises a Mac Pro computer Final Cut Pro software a camcorder and an external NTSC monitor Four iMac and two MacBook Air computers constitute the class s computing resources computer Use when you describe a computer without any peripherals Use system to refer to a computer its peripheral devices and software Don t use machine
162. mera Reader e Lightning to VGA Adapter e Lightning to 30 pin Adapter Chapter 4 Apple product names 177 Lightning to USB Cable e Lightning to USB Camera Adapter e Mac Pro RAID Card MagSafe 2 Power Adapter MagSafe Airline Adapter MagSafe Power Adapter MagSafe to MagSafe 2 Converter e Mini DisplayPort to Dual Link DVI Adapter e Mini DisplayPort to DVI Adapter e Mini DisplayPort to VGA Adapter Nike iPod Sensor e Nike iPod Sport Kit e Xserve RAID Card Software and technologies e Address Book e Address Book Server e AirDrop AirPlay e AirPort e AirPort Utility e AirPrint e AirTunes e Aperture e Apple Configurator Apple Hardware Test e Apple Loops Utility e Apple ProRes e Apple Qadministrator e Apple Qmaster e Apple Remote Desktop e AppleScript App Store e AppleTalk e Audio MIDI Setup e Audio Units e Automator Back to My Mac e Backup Batch Monitor e Bonjour Chapter 4 Apple product names Boot Camp e Caching Server e Calculator Calendar e Calendar Server Camera e Cards Cinema Tools e Clock e Color e ColorSync Utility Compass Compressor e Contacts e Contacts Server e Core Animation e Core Audio e Core Data e Core Graphics Core Image e Core Location e Core MIDI e Core Text e Core Video e Cover Flow e Darwin e Dashboard Dashcode e Dictation e Dictionary e Directory Directory Utility e Disk Util
163. mples rather than in titles or headings See capitalization sentence style capitalization title style capitalization that Use to introduce a restrictive clause clauses beginning with that are generally not set off with commas This is the computer that has network access There are many computers the phrase that has network access restricts narrows the meaning of the subject of the sentence to one computer The newest computer in the lab which is a Mac Pro is also the students favorite There s only one newest computer the phrase which is a Mac Pro although it provides more information doesn t restrict the subject of the sentence Compare which theater Not theatre then In declarative sentences that consist of two or more independent clauses then should usually be preceded by a comma and and or by a semicolon First you insert the CD and then you double click the icon that appears First you insert the CD then you double click the icon that appears In imperative sentences as in how to steps that include two actions use then with or without and to emphasize the sequential nature of the two actions Insert the CD and then double click the icon that appears If you don t use and you can precede then by either a comma or a semicolon Insert the CD then double click the icon that appears Insert the CD then double click the icon that appears Whichever style you choose be consistent throughout
164. mputers Windows based PCs or Windows PCs See also PC MIDI Acronym for Musical Instrument Digital Interface See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms millimeter mm OK to abbreviate Note hyphenation when the spelled out version is used as an adjective 2 4 millimeters 2 4 mm 2 4 millimeter slot 2 4 mm slot For film sizes close up the numeral and the abbreviation 76mm film million instructions per second See MIPS MIME Acronym for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension commonly used to distinguish an email format from plain text format It s not necessary to spell out on first occurrence Use as an adjective a MIME file MIME format mini prefix Hyphenate before a word beginning with a vowel a proper noun or an abbreviation close up before a word beginning with a consonant mini application mini DVI mini VGA minicircular connector minitower MiniDV A digital video format mini DVI A video output port for connecting external displays and TVs minimize button The middle button of the three window controls at the left of the title bar You click this button to put a window in the Dock minimize the window minimized OK for describing a window in the Dock Windows in the Dock are minimized See also maximize minus sign Use minus sign not minus symbol to describe this symbol Use an en dash generated by pressing Option Hyphen for a minus sign except in code font where a hyphen i
165. n column headings in tables Don t use CTRL controlled controlling Not controled controling convert to Not convert into cookies Not cookie files Use to refer to small text files a website may copy to a user s hard disk to record information about the user or the computer To use some websites you must set your web browser to accept cookies coprocessor No hyphen copy You copy a file to a disk not on a disk or onto a disk Chapter 2 Style and usage 38 copy protect v copy protected adj pred adj copy protection n Hyphenate in all forms A copy protected disk or file can t be copied legally The disc is copy protected copyright page All documentation must have a copyright page or copyright notice A copyright page includes a copyright notice and an Apple trademark list A copyright notice includes the symbol the year the work was first published the copyright owner Apple Inc and the statement All rights reserved Onscreen documents also require a copyright notice Finding the correct copyright notice The copyright page is a boilerplate element Consult with your department editor to be sure you have the appropriate boilerplate Apple trademarks All Apple trademarks mentioned in the document must receive a credit line on the copyright page See the most recent Apple trademark list which is available at http lgs apple com policies procedures apple inc trademark list internal
166. n developer materials in references to software you enter or leave a mode you don t turn on or turn off a mode model Don t use when you can use computer Correct How you use this feature depends on which model of Mac computer you have Correct The setup guide that came with your computer provides instructions Incorrect The setup guide that came with your model provides instructions modern Don t use to specify the requirements for an app such as a web browser instead state the specific version of the app or use recommended or compatible Make sure you re using a recommended web browser such as Safari version 5 or later Friends and family can view albums in the iPhoto window or ina compatible web browser modifier key Use instead of control key in the generic sense for a key that affects the action of other keys such as the Control Option Shift Command and Esc keys monitor In general don t use to refer to the primary display connected to the user s computer use display You can use monitor to refer generically to different kinds of display devices that may be connected to a user s computer such as a CRT monitor or an NTSC monitor Connect the display to your Mac Pro If you want to show your movie on an external monitor first connect the monitor to your computer monitor cable Not video cable or monitor cord Use when you refer to cables for displays other than Apple displays otherwise use display ca
167. n headings in tables otherwise use Control as in Control key or Control S Don t use CTRL curly brackets Don t use curly brackets to describe these symbols use braces cursor Don t use in describing the OS X or iOS interface use insertion point or pointer depending on the context The term cursor is appropriate when you describe the VoiceOver interface and may be appropriate when you describe other interfaces and in developer materials See also insertion point pointer custom installation Not custom install You perform a custom installation you don t do a custom install See also install installation normal installation D DAC Acronym for digital to analog converter Note hyphenation in spelled out version See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms daisy chain n daisy chain v adj daisy chained adj pred adj Note hyphenation of verb and adjective forms Dashboard Don t precede Dashboard with the or your See also widget dash em Use the em dash to set off a word or phrase that interrupts or changes the direction of a sentence or to set off a lengthy list that would otherwise make the syntax of a sentence confusing Don t overuse em dashes If the text being set off doesn t come at the end of the sentence use an em dash both before it and after it See all your schedules work school and social life in one app To generate an em dash in a word processing
168. n of the term on first occurrence Don t use chip when you mean microprocessor Intel microprocessor not Intel chip chipset One word A group of integrated circuits that are designed to function as a unit choose Use choose not select for menu items In general the user selects something such as a file or disk icon an email message or a section of text and then chooses a command to act on the selection Choose View gt Sort By gt Date Choose QuickTime from the pop up menu Control click the TextEdit icon and choose Make Alias from the shortcut menu See also menus select v circuit board n No hyphen clean installation Not clean install You perform a clean installation you don t do a clean install See also install installation click Use to describe the act of selecting something or initiating an action by positioning the pointer over an onscreen element and briefly pressing and releasing a mouse or trackpad button Use click to describe actions in OS X not in iOS To open Mail click the Mail icon in the Dock Click a disk icon to select it and then choose File gt Make Alias Don t use click on Don t say click the mouse or click the mouse button instead use press and release for example press and release the mouse button See also click in double click press select v tap n v click and drag Don t use You either click or drag Correct Drag the icon to the Trash Incorrect Cli
169. n on turn off active Use to refer to the app or window currently being used Preferred to in front See also front frontmost in front adapter Not adaptor except in WebObjects documents adaptor appears in the WebObjects software Capitalize names of adapters that are sold separately For a list of current Apple adapter names see Accessories on page 176 in Chapter 4 Apple product names ADC Abbreviation for Apple Developer Connection and discontinued Apple Display Connector See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations address Can refer either to an Internet address or to the location in the computer s memory where a piece of information is stored OK to use just address for either as long as the context is clear See also email addresses Internet addresses memory address memory location Address Book Don t precede with the Capitalize only when you refer to the Address Book app replaced by Contacts or the Dashboard widget See also Contacts contacts addresses mailing Use the forms shown here for addresses To include the country name in a U S based Apple address use USA no periods e Apple corporate address If you include the Apple phone number corporate address and URL use this form Apple not Apple Inc 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino CA 95014 408 996 1010 www apple com Specific Apple mailing addresses Department Name Apple 1 Infinite Loop MS xx xx Cupert
170. n the numeral and the abbreviation The preposition of is necessary before the unit that the value quantifies 256 kbit of memory Adjective Don t hyphenate the adjective form 256 kbit device Chapter 2 Style and usage 87 kbit s Standard international abbreviation for kilobits per second Some Apple groups use kbps instead See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations KB s Standard international abbreviation for kilobytes per second Some Apple groups use KB sec instead See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations Kbyte Don t use Use KB Kerberized OK to use to mean configured for Kerberos authentication or able to be configured for Kerberos authentication When an OS X user is authenticated using Kerberos the user doesn t have to enter a user name and password every time a Kerberized service is used To take advantage of the single sign on feature users and services must be Kerberized configured for Kerberos authentication and use the same Kerberos Key Distribution Center KDC server Kerberos A network authentication protocol key keys You press a key on a keyboard or tap a key on a Multi Touch screen you type a character word or phrase In general don t use articles and the word key in references to keys Ease the user into this construction by using the and key the first time you mention a keystroke First occurrence Press the Control key
171. n various specific cases Units of measure When you use a spelled out unit of measure in a compound adjective hyphenate the compound 27 inch screen When you use an abbreviation or a metric unit of measure including KB MB mm and so on don t hyphenate 500 GB hard disk Location compounds Hyphenate compounds such as ower left corner top right portion Chapter 2 Style and usage 74 Adverbs Don t hyphenate compounds with very or with adverbs that end in ly very high speed recently completed project Keyboard shortcuts using combination keystrokes In combination keystrokes use hyphens to signify that the first key or keys should be held down while the last key is pressed Don t use hyphens if each key should be pressed and released separately Make sure you explain this convention on first use Control Shift N Esc N When one of the key names in a combination keystroke is itself two words use an en dash wherever you would ordinarily use a hyphen Option Right Bracket Option Command Up Arrow Shift double click Shift Command double click See also dash en iApp iApplication Don t use use iLife iLife apps digital media apps or a specific app name such as iPhoto or iMovie Don t use digital applications or digital apps l beam Refers to this pointer IC Abbreviation for integrated circuit No apostrophe for the plural Cs See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbrevia
172. nd acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations 3D Abbreviation for three dimensional No hyphen in the abbreviation See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations 10Base T 100Base T 1000Base T Note capitalization See also Ethernet Fast Ethernet 100Base T Gigabit Ethernet 1000Base T 24 7 Not 24x7 To spell out use the form 24 hours a day 7 days a week a 24 hour a day 7 day a week support program 802 1X A standard for enhancing the security of networks 802 11 wireless networking standard Pronounced eight oh two dot eleven AirPort Extreme and AirPort Express are based on the 802 11n standard A AAC Abbreviation for Advanced Audio Coding an industry standard audio compression format See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations abbreviations and acronyms An acronym is a pronounceable word formed from the initial letter or letters of major parts of a compound term An abbreviation is usually formed in the same way but isn t pronounced as a word Abbreviations are often lowercase or a mix of lowercase and uppercase Acronyms are almost always all caps regardless of the capitalization style of the spelled out form Abbreviation mph for miles per hour MB s for megabytes per second Acronym ROM for read only memory Consider including acronyms and abbreviations in a glossary When to spell out Spell out an abbreviation or ac
173. nd sound and Dolby Surround S video Note hyphenation Chapter 2 Style and usage 143 swipe n v Refers to the act of quickly sliding one or more fingers across a Multi Touch screen or trackpad Users can swipe over items in the interface or swipe to navigate or scroll through documents lists or groups of items To show the Delete button swipe left or right over the message To switch between spaces use four fingers to swipe left or right on the trackpad Use a three finger swipe to rapidly page through documents See also drag flick n v gestures switch n Avoid using to refer to an interface element that offers the user two mutually exclusive choices usually on and off Instead describe the action the user takes Tap to turn on Location Services Tap to turn airplane mode on or off Use lowercase for on and off even though the control options are uppercase Avoid using the term slide use tap instead switch on switch off Don t use power down power off power on or power up in user materials OK to use turn on and turn off symbol OK in a generic sense as in the percent symbol Don t use symbol when you mean character letter or digit Use sign not symbol in the following terms division sign equal sign greater than sign less than sign minus sign multiplication sign number sign and plus sign sync synced syncing Not synch synched or synching Don t use synchronize or synchro
174. nder windows ee o iim i e Don t use use that is See also abbreviations and acronyms IEEE Abbreviation for nstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations IEEE 802 11 See 802 11 wireless networking standard Chapter 2 Style and usage 78 if necessary Avoid in user materials Describe the circumstance in which the action would be necessary Correct If file sharing isn t on turn it on Incorrect If necessary turn on file sharing Correct If the file size is larger than the maximum your mail app allows compress the file Incorrect If necessary compress the file if whether Use if to indicate a condition Use whether when two outcomes are possible If you can mentally introduce the words or not in a clause use whether rather than if Correct When you start editing a locked file the app asks whether you want to unlock it Incorrect When you start editing a locked file the app asks if you want to unlock it Although using if specifies a condition it can also introduce ambiguity For instance Let her know if he sets up the user account may mean either Let her know whether he sets up the user account or If he sets up the user account let her know Ensure that the condition s meaning is clear IM Abbreviation for instant message n v or instant messaging n adj Note no hyphen in the spelled out versions See abbre
175. net A private network usually owned by a corporation or an institution your company s intranet Compare internet Internet Chapter 2 Style and usage 83 in use light Note hyphenation inverted Don t use when you mean highlighted invite v invitation n Don t use invite as a noun in place of invitation invoice A document issued by a seller to a buyer listing the goods or services supplied and stating the sum of money due If payment hasn t been made use invoice and not receipt See also receipt I O Abbreviation for input output See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations iOS Apple s mobile operating system Use without an article iOS is the world s most advanced mobile operating system Thousands of apps are available for iOS iOS 6 includes more than 200 new features If an app has both an iOS and a Mac version use app name for iOS and app name for Mac to refer to the different versions Keynote for iOS and Keynote for Mac work together seamlessly so you can create a presentation on one device and edit it on another If the context makes it clear which version of an app you re referring to you can simply use its name See also iOS device iOS device Use to refer generically to mobile devices that use iOS Avoid using mobile device when referring to iOS devices mobile device could refer to devices made by other companies Wirelessly sync your iOS device to your Mac
176. net Don t use as a verb The UNIX command telnet is all lowercase Correct You use Telnet to connect to another computer as a terminal Correct You use the telnet command to connect to another computer as a terminal Incorrect You Telnet to another computer to use its software temperatures To list temperatures repeat the degree symbol but not the abbreviations Use a space between the symbol and the abbreviation 50 to 104 F 0 to 40 C terabit See Tbit n adj terabits per second See Tbit s terabyte See TB n adj terabytes per second See TB s terminal A device or software for sending commands to a computer Capitalize when referring to the Terminal application terminal emulation n adj No hyphen text field See field text file Two words text headings Use different levels of text headings to make the organization of documentation clearer to the reader but remember that many headings close together can distract the reader and clutter the page Organization In general organize your sections so that level three headings are subordinate to level two headings and level two headings are subordinate to level one headings Don t skip a level of text headings When the next logical level of text heading seems too prominent for a given usage in troubleshooting chapters for example you can use display sentences rather than skipping a level of text headings Chapter openings Avoid beginning a chapte
177. nization as alternative terms for sync or as an explanation of the term sync Correct Make sure syncing is turned on for the device Incorrect Make sure synchronization is turned on for the device Although sync is most often used as a verb it can also be used as a noun or an adjective You can also start a sync manually Avoid changing sync settings while iPod is syncing In general syncing refers to copying information directly between two devices Don t use sync when referring to what iCloud does with information instead use alternatives such as keep up to date update automatically appear automatically and push See also iCloud Syncing can apply to either the devices or the content that s on them Devices Use with rather than from or to Correct Sync iPod with your iTunes library Incorrect Sync iPod to your iTunes library Chapter 2 Style and usage 144 e Content Use to to specify the target from to specify the source or between if information is synced both to and from each source You can sync bookmarks to iPhone from Safari on a Mac or from Internet Explorer on a PC Sync contacts between iPhone and your computer synchronous dynamic random access memory See SDRAM syntax descriptions Follow these conventions e Literals Use code font for literals parts of the language values and so on Variables Use italics for variables artificial terms that have meaning only in your document and are to be
178. nstallation process Incorrect Click Download to start the install process Installer installer Capitalize when you refer to a specific installer app but not when you refer to installers in general The iWork Installer app asks you to specify where to install the software You can install some apps by dragging them to the Applications folder other apps require an installer instant message instant messaging See IM Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers See IEEE insure See ensure insure integrated circuit See IC Integrated Services Digital Network See ISDN Intel Use nte to refer to Intel Corporation or to its processors and other technologies Always use as an adjective except as the company name Terms include Intel processors Intel based Mac computers Intel based iMac Mac with Intel processor and so on Don t use terms such as Intel Mac See also Intel Core Intel Xeon Intel Core nte Core refers both to Intel s Core microarchitecture and to a family of Intel processors Intel Core processors used in Mac computers include the Intel Core i3 Intel Core i5 and Intel Core i7 You can also use ntel processors Intel Core processors quad core Intel Core i5 and so on Generally precede the names with an article Note the en dash in phrases such as Intel Core i5 based Mac Don t use terms such as Intel Core Mac See also dual core adj Intel Xeon Intel Xeon Processors used in Mac computers include the
179. ntences 187 Parts of speech Follow these guidelines for parts of speech Nouns For terms that are nouns the majority of glossary entries start the definition with a noun phrase pixel The smallest picture unit on a display device Verbs If the term is a verb start the definition with an infinitive not a gerund Correct desaturate To remove color from an image Incorrect desaturate Removing color from an image Adjectives If the term is an adjective you may have to start the definition with phrases such as Used to describe and Characteristic of Examples Give an example where appropriate If possible make that example specific to the product you re writing about audiobook A recorded spoken program such as a book being read aloud You can purchase and download audiobooks from the iTunes Store and the Audible website In the definition of an ordinary English word that has a special meaning in the computer world make the connection with the ordinary meaning if you think it would be helpful firewall Software or a computer using such software that prevents unauthorized access to a network by users outside the network A physical firewall prevents the spread of fire between two physical locations the software analog prevents unauthorized spread of data Multiple definitions Is your definition general to a field or a technology specific to Apple products specific to a particular device or app or somewhe
180. numbers See also latest Mac OS X most recent OS X versus Not vs Rewrite to avoid using versus when possible Chapter 2 Style and usage 159 via OK to use to mean by means of especially in relatively technical materials Sometimes over through or by using may be more accurate and more easily understood Queue names shared via LPR or SMB You can use shared printers over the network Printers connected to your network via Ethernet Printers connected to your network using Ethernet video Note the treatment of these terms beginning with video video camera video capture card video conference video editing video game video podcast video tutorial But videotape Don t use a hyphen in compound adjectives that include video video editing app In help for video editing apps it s generally preferable to use video to refer to the user s source footage and movie to refer to the edited program Final Cut Pro can automatically sync video and audio clips in your project You can share your finished movie on the web Use media rather than video when referring to more than one type of media Importing media into Final Cut Pro is the first step toward making your movie Users can import audio and still image files as well as video files See also media movie video cable Don t use to describe a cable connecting a display or monitor to a computer use display cable for Apple displays or monitor cable for n
181. nym for wide area network Note no hyphen in the spelled out version See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms want An infinitive or a direct object should follow want in conditional statements It s OK to use wish by itself Correct Rename the file if you want to create infinitive a duplicate Correct Make a copy if you want a duplicate direct object Correct Rename the file if you wish Incorrect Rename the file if you want warm start n warm start adj Note hyphenation of adjective Warning Use a Warning notice when the reader needs to know that an action may cause bodily injury damage to hardware or software or loss of data Use warnings and other notices sparingly They lose their effectiveness if they appear too often Don t use a Warning notice immediately before or after a Note an Important notice or another Warning notice or immediately after a text heading Chapter 2 Style and usage 162 Apple hardware documentation follows the ANSI Z535 6 standard which reserves Warning just for actions that may cause bodily injury and uses Notice instead for actions that may cause property damage See also Important Note waveform n adj One word wavelength n One word we Don t use first person rewrite in terms of the reader or the product Correct For best results the image should be at least 600 x 600 pixels Incorrect We recommend that the image be at least 600 x
182. o part of a figure when you need to identify something within a figure A thin line without an arrowhead known as a leader line connects the callout to what it identifies within the figure Simplicity Use callouts freely when they re really necessary but keep in mind that too many callouts can be distracting to the reader Keep callouts brief both for clarity and for an uncluttered look e Capitalization and punctuation Use sentence style capitalization Use a period for a complete sentence and no ending punctuation for a sentence fragment It s OK to have a mixture of complete sentences and phrases in one illustration Chapter 2 Style and usage 27 camcorder Use to refer to a video camera and recording device combined in one unit Don t use video camera when you mean camcorder Correct You can connect a camcorder to your computer to import your video footage Incorrect You can connect a video camera to your computer to import your video footage Because most camcorders are now digital it usually isn t necessary to include the word digital but you can use digital camcorder if the context requires it Today s digital camcorders provide many advantages over their older analog counterparts In general references it s OK to use camera You can use the stabilization feature in Final Cut Pro to correct shaky camera movement See also video camera Camera Roll You can use your Camera Roll or the Camera Roll to refe
183. o see the items in your inbox click Inbox inch in Note hyphenation when used as an adjective 2 inch height 1 inch thin design but is 1 inch thin Use inch not inches for measurements of 1 inch or less 0 76 inch thin The abbreviation is the same in the singular and the plural Don t abbreviate inch in text Don t use the symbol unless space limitations prevent the use of inch or in Incorporated Inc Spell out or abbreviate according to the particular corporation s preference incrementer Don t use to refer to a control that has up and down arrows or left and right arrows to increase or decrease a value In user materials use up arrow down arrow right arrow left arrow or arrows as appropriate For example Click one of the arrows to increase or decrease the volume If it s necessary to refer to the control itself use stepper See also stepper indeterminate progress bar In developer materials the progress bar that has a spinning striped cylinder In user materials use progress indicator and describe what it looks like Developer materials Use an indeterminate progress bar when the duration of a process can t be determined User materials A progress indicator a spinning striped cylinder lets you know that a process is taking place index Use to refer to the vertical column of letters at the right side of a list in iOS apps For information about indexing see Index overview on page 191 and your department
184. od devices on page 175 in Chapter 4 Apple product names iPhone In general references don t use an article with iPhone When referring to the user s particular iPhone it s OK to use your The capacity can be listed before or after the name iPhone supports the most popular email standards IMAP and POP3 If you experience problems with your iPhone iPhone 5 16 GB 32 GB and 64 GB features a 4 inch Retina display The 16 GB iPhone 5 features an 8 megapixel camera See also iPad iPhone and iPod devices on page 175 in Chapter 4 Apple product names iPhoto Don t use iPhoto to refer generally to photos or pictures Correct You can use iPhoto to place your pictures in an album Incorrect You can email your iPhotos to friends iPhoto journal Always use lowercase for journal You can create iPhoto journals to share memories with your friends When you re done editing your journal publish it to iCloud iPod In general references don t use an article with iPod When referring to the user s particular iPod it s OK to use your The capacity and generation can be listed before or after the name 64 GB iPod touch iPod nano 16 GB fourth generation iPod touch iPod shuffle 3rd generation or later Use the numeral when the generation comes after the model name Don t shorten generation to gen or G for example fifth gen iPod or iPod 5G The sixth generation iPod nano features a Multi Touch display If you e
185. of an abbreviation CDs ICs ISPs Latin Avoid using Latin abbreviations Correct for example and others and so on and that is or equivalent phrases Incorrect e g for example et al and others etc and so on i e that is Units of measure For detailed usage guidelines for units of measure and for a list of abbreviations and symbols see Units of measure overview on page 168 Product names Don t abbreviate any Apple product or service names whether or not the product or service is trademarked or has a service mark For a list of names see Apple product names overview on page 174 able suffix When you add able to a word ending in e drop the e unless the word ends with a soft c or a soft g browsable deletable sharable sizable changeable pronounceable purgeable serviceable abort Avoid in user materials Compare exit interrupt quit stop Chapter 2 Style and usage above You can use above to describe text or an object that closely precedes the current paragraph and can t be referred to using a cross reference or figure number In the example above clip B is shortened and clip C is lengthened but their combined duration stays the same earlier figure These sliders mirror the settings of the Levels sliders described above earlier text Search for clips by following the steps in Search for clips using a combination of criteria above earlier task Otherwise use a cross reference con
186. on Apple displays OK to use for a cable that connects audio video equipment such as a television or VCR See also display cable monitor cable video camera Two words Use to refer to a camera that captures motion picture images as an electronic video signal and doesn t have a built in recording device Don t use when you mean camcorder If you forget to focus your video camera during shooting you may not be able to fix the problem in post production Because most video cameras are now digital it usually isn t necessary to include the word digital but you can use digital video camera if the context requires it Digital video cameras use a digital video signal rather than an analog video signal In general references it s OK to use just camera A multicamera shoot uses multiple cameras to record an event from different angles See also camcorder Chapter 2 Style and usage 160 video card Don t use use graphics card See also graphics card video chat video chatting n v adj Two words OK to use video chat or video conference video conference video conferencing n v adj Two words OK to use video conference or video chat video input video input output video output n adj No hyphen You can shorten to video in video in out and video out Types of video input output include component video composite video DVI HDMI S video and VGA video video jack Not video connector video mirroring n
187. only documentation for a product such as a firmware update downloaded from the web you can use the name About product name for example About Firmware Update 4 1 2 read only memory See ROM read write adj Note slash as in read write memory real time n real time adj Note hyphenation of adjective Don t use realtime Correct You can edit multicamera footage in real time Correct You can group unrelated clips together for real time montage editing Incorrect Many transitions can play back in real time receipt A written acknowledgment by a receiver of money that payment or delivery has been made If payment has already been made use receipt and not invoice See also invoice recommend Avoid using recommend when you can reword in terms of the user or product Correct You can use this product with OS X v10 71 but for the best performance you should upgrade to OS X v10 74 or later Incorrect You can use this product with OS X v10 71 but OS X v10 74 or later is recommended Redundant Array of Independent Disks See RAID reference Don t use as a verb use refer to register Capitalize names of specific registers but don t capitalize the word register Don t capitalize generic register names such as floating point registers and vector registers regular Don t use when you mean standard as in Use standard settings release Don t use when referring to an OS X version number See also version reminder R
188. only to introduce a nonrestrictive clause clauses beginning with which are always set off with commas The newest computer in the lab which is a Mac Pro is also the students favorite There s only one newest computer the phrase which is a Mac Pro although it provides more information doesn t restrict the subject of the sentence This is the computer that has network access There are many computers the phrase that has network access restricts narrows the meaning of the subject of the sentence to one computer Compare that while although whereas While means during the time that and implies concurrent activities Use although to mean in spite of the fact that Use whereas to mean it being the fact that or while on the contrary Correct Although the clip won t play back at 1x normal speed every frame plays back with no frames dropped Incorrect While the clip won t play back at 1x normal speed every frame plays back with no frames dropped Correct SD video uses interlaced scanning whereas HD formats may use either interlaced or progressive scanning Incorrect SD video uses interlaced scanning while HD formats may use either interlaced or progressive scanning whir Not whirr But whirring The disk drive whirs and in a moment you see the startup screen who whom Who should always be used as the subject of a verb or as a subject complement Whom should always be used as the object of a verb or pre
189. ons should be in all caps filename extensions should be in lowercase In most cases you don t need to spell out on first occurrence The following table shows abbreviations extensions and names for some common file formats Abbreviation Extension Full name AIFF aif Audio Interchange File Format CAF caf Apple Core Audio Format DMG dmg disk image GIF gif Graphics Interchange Format JPEG jpg Joint Photographic Experts Group MP3 mp3 MPEG Audio Layer 3 PDF pdf Portable Document Format RTF rtf Rich Text Format TIFF tif Tagged Image File Format WAV WAVE wav Waveform format file locations See pathnames FileMaker Inc Note capitalization filename One word In specific references capitalization should agree with the way the filename appears in the interface the file system In user materials the name appears in body font User materials Name the file Paperdoc Developer materials The folder contains the CurrencyConverter nib file You can find a document by typing its filename in the search field Note the treatment of these similar terms device name host name pathname user name volume name file server Two words In user materials use only when you explain what a file server is a computer that s dedicated to holding files shared by users on a network Use shared disk to refer to a file server icon on the desktop See also shared disk file sharing n file sharing adj Two words Not
190. opied and pasted or even dragged Use type to describe simply pressing keys to produce characters on the screen Use press not type to refer to pressing keys on the keyboard Enter your account information and tap Save The intelligent keyboard may suggest corrections as you type Press the Return key Compare press type v Enter key Note capitalization Enterprise Objects enterprise objects Capitalize when you refer to the technology use lowercase when you refer to objects entitled Don t use use titled named or called EOF Abbreviation for end of file Note hyphenation of spelled out version See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations ePub A file format for electronic books and other documents equal sign Not equal s sign equals sign or equal symbol error message Don t use except in developer materials Instead use message alert alert message or alert sound See also alert n adj Escape key See Esc key Esc key Include the word Escape in parentheses on first occurrence First occurrence Press the Esc Escape key Thereafter Press Esc When you describe escape sequences don t use a hyphen between names of keys because the user presses and releases the keys separately Esc 4 Esc F et al Don t use except where called for in a bibliography use and others See also abbreviations and acronyms etc Don t use use and so forth or and so on See also ab
191. or example when you discuss the Users amp Groups pane in System Preferences See also end user n end user adj user friendly adj user friendly pred adj Note hyphenation user group Not users group or user s group user guide user manual The terms user s guide instructor guide and student guide are alternative forms used by some Apple groups consult your department s style guidelines See also manual user name Two words Note the treatment of these similar terms device name filename host name pathname volume name utility Use lowercase when utility isn t part of a proper name or when you use it generically Capitalize and don t use the when the word is part of a proper name Use Apple Loops Utility to Use the Audio MIDI Setup utility to You can use the utility to utility application OK to use when you compare utility applications to other apps otherwise use utility See also utility utility program Don t use use utility See also utility Chapter 2 Style and usage 158 V V 90 V 92 International Telecommunications Union ITU modem serial protocols Don t use V 90 or V 92 when you mean 56K modem unless you re referring specifically to the V 90 or V 92 protocol value slider A special type of slider used in some apps that includes the numeric value of the parameter in the control Dragging the middle area where the number is works the same as an ordinary slider dragging to the r
192. or of portable computer which is preferred or notebook computer See also portable computer notebook computer laptop computer later See earlier later latest Don t use to refer to a specific software update Instead use only the version number or a date in technical support documents or use or later to indicate a range of updates It s OK to use latest if you re generally instructing users to keep their software up to date Correct To use this feature you must have iTunes 10 7 or later installed Correct For the best results make sure you re using the latest version of OS X Correct Make sure you have installed MacBook Air EFI Firmware Update 2 4 Incorrect The latest update is MacBook Air EFI Firmware Update 2 4 See also most recent version launch Avoid in user materials when you mean to open an app OK to use in developer materials Launchpad One word Don t precede Launchpad with the or your LCD Abbreviation for liquid crystal display See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations LED Don t use in user materials unless you have a specific reason to distinguish from LCD for example Use light or indicator light Chapter 2 Style and usage 91 left arrow Use to refer to a button that looks like a left pointing arrow such as the small arrow that you click to decrease a value in a horizontal stepper Don t call it the eft arrow button or the left pointing arrow Click the
193. or which there are no entries should be listed after the preceding letter If there are no entries beginning with X the heading would be W X not X Y Style of entries Follow these guidelines for the style of entries e Capitalization Don t capitalize all entries Capitalize only the entries you capitalize in the text Code font If a term is in code font because it s a literal computer language word functions constants and so forth it should be in code font in the index If it s in code font in the text to indicate what the user types it should be in regular text font in the index Italics If a term is in italics in text because it s the name of a metasymbol or the name of a disk it should be in italics in the index Generally the name of a document shouldn t be indexed but if it is it should be in italics If a term is in italics in text for emphasis or because it s a word used as a word it should be in plain style in the index Chapter 7 How to develop an index 193 International style International style overview Following international style helps readers with limited English proficiency read what you write By following international style you also help translators human or machine localize your writing by minimizing the burdens of cultural and customary language usage Writing in the international style means that you write simply and that you express yourself using standard international conventions T
194. ords Note the treatment of these similar terms device name filename pathname user name volume name hot link n Don t use as a verb Don t use to refer to hypertext links in webpages use hypertext link or just link hot pluggable Avoid in user materials hotspot hot spot Use one word to refer to a place where users can connect to a public wireless network Use two words to refer to the VoiceOver feature or to refer to an area of a graphics object or a section of text that can be clicked to activate a function You can connect to the Internet from public hotspots You can use VoiceOver hot spots to mark up to ten items that you want to return to later A hot spot in a virtual museum scene could link to another room in the museum or the hot spot could allow you to manipulate one of the objects in the museum hot swap v Note hyphenation On first use enclose in quotation marks and define In user materials avoid the adjective form hot swappable Chapter 2 Style and usage 73 HTML Abbreviation for Hypertext Markup Language Use lowercase when an abbreviation is part of a URL See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations A file can be in HTML or an HTML file but it isn t in HTML format because HTML isn t a format If you know HTML you can create webpages You can find the file at this address http www books com classics html See also Internet addresses URL HTTP A
195. orrect Tap Print Incorrect Tap Print in the popover Correct Scroll to the bottom of the list of messages and tap Load More Messages Incorrect Scroll to the bottom of the popover and tap Load More Messages pop up v pop up adj Note hyphenation of adjective pop up menus See menus port Use to refer to a location for passing data in and out of a computer or device Don t use connector to refer to a port Compare connector jack slot socket portable computer notebook computer laptop computer Portable computer is preferred to refer generically to Apple portable computers but when you refer to a specific model such as a MacBook Air or a MacBook Pro it s best to use the model name You can also use notebook computer but avoid laptop computer When you use portable computer or notebook computer use both words on first occurrence thereafter it s OK to use portable or notebook alone as a noun Portable Document Format See PDF Chapter 2 Style and usage 122 possessives Follow these guidelines for possessives Singular nouns Form the possessive of a singular noun including one that ends in s by adding an apostrophe and an s the device s dock connector the boss s husband Plural nouns Form the possessive of a plural noun that ends in s by adding an apostrophe Form the possessive of a plural noun that doesn t end in s by adding an apostrophe and an s the students curriculum children s requi
196. ote hyphenation PDF Abbreviation for Portable Document Format No need to spell out on first occurrence Capitalize when you refer to the file format use lowercase for the filename extension Installation Guide pdf Don t use a file in PDF format use a PDF file percent One word Always preceded by a numeral no matter how small the value 1 percent Percent symbol It s OK to use the percent symbol instead of the word percent in technical appendixes specification lists and tables or when the word must appear so many times in a text passage that its use becomes cumbersome Nonspecific quantities When you describe a nonspecific quantity use percentage as in a small percentage of the population periods See ellipsis points peripheral A device that can be connected to the computer Peripheral devices include printers scanners disk drives modems displays and keyboards OK to use peripheral device peripheral or device The adjective is singular peripheral manufacturer peripheral connections peripheral card Not accessory card When appropriate use the more specific term interface card Peripheral Component Interconnect See PCI PCI X peripheral slot Don t use use expansion slot petabyte See PB n adj Phillips screw Phillips screwdriver Note spelling Not Phillips head screw or Phillips head screwdriver phone numbers See telephone numbers Chapter 2 Style and usage 118 photo The primary term for pho
197. other apps Media Eject key Note capitalization mega prefix Close up words beginning with mega megabit megabyte megahertz megapixel megawatt megawide megabit See Mbit n adj megabits per second See Mbit s megabyte See MB n adj megabytes per second See MB s megahertz See MHz n adj Chapter 2 Style and usage 101 memory Don t refer to the hard disk as memory it s hard disk space disk space or storage space Related terms include physical memory and virtual memory Types of memory include the following Double Data Rate synchronous dynamic random access memory DDR SDRAM dynamic random access memory dynamic RAM or DRAM flash memory random access memory RAM read only memory ROM static random access memory SRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory SDRAM video random access memory VRAM See also flash memory address memory location OK to use just address or location for brevity Don t use commas in addresses even in numbers of five digits or more menu bar Two words The bar at the top of the Mac screen The menu bar contains pull down menus related to the Finder or the current app on the left of the menu bar File menu Edit menu and status menus on the right also called menu bar icons menu bar status icons or menu bar items not menu items menu extras or menu bar extras menu names Note capitalization Edit menu File menu and so on menus Anything that can be chos
198. ou can find the files you ve downloaded in Library Mail Downloads See also code font home folder home directory PB n adj Abbreviation for petabyte PB equals 1000 bytes in the context of file size or disk storage capacity or 1024 bytes in the context of computer memory See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations Noun In the noun form use a space between the numeral and the abbreviation The preposition of is necessary before the unit that the value quantifies 1 6 PB of memory 1 PB of data Adjective Don t hyphenate the adjective form 1 6 PB RAM module 4 PB multiserver system Chapter 2 Style and usage 117 PC Avoid PC when you refer to Apple personal computers Use personal computer or computer It s OK to use PC Windows based PC or Windows PC to refer to non Apple personal computers QuickTime is available for both Mac computers and Windows based PCs You can share Mac files with a PC on a wireless network See also Microsoft Windows PCI PCI X Abbreviation for Peripheral Component Interconnect an industry standard expansion bus Related terms include PCI bus PCI slot and PCI card PCI X is a higher speed version of PCI technology See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations PCI Express No hyphen An advanced industry standard expansion bus Don t use PCI E PCI E PCle or other variations P code Stands for pseudocode N
199. our headings also has an index Capitalization wording and punctuation of all headings and titles must be exactly the same in the table of contents as in the text tables Use tables for information that would be easier to scan in columnar form than in running text Also use tables for information matrixes which provide an effective way to present quick reference instructions or descriptions e Capitalization Use sentence style capitalization for all parts of a table including the column headings Headings Make column headings short and descriptive In text references Provide in text references to all tables In general place the reference in the paragraph immediately preceding the table In user materials you can use below to refer to a table that immediately follows the paragraph In text references can stand alone as a complete sentence with or without parentheses or can occur within a sentence with or without parentheses Use a consistent style throughout a document The following table shows how the tools work and what they do The app provides several tools see the following table See the table below for details If the table has a number use it in the in text reference Table 3 2 lists the signal and pin assignments for the DVI connector See Table 3 10 for additional result codes Table notes and footnotes Information that pertains to an entire table is generally set as a table note before any table
200. own problem or this version fixes that problem Use condition issue or situation It s OK to use problem in a general way such as the following If you have a problem registering try again in a few moments Chapter 2 Style and usage 125 processor Synonymous with microprocessor for Apple products In user materials the simpler processor is preferred See also CPU product names Follow the capitalization style of the official product name Don t capitalize words like card and driver unless they re part of the product name Don t use quotation marks around product names The company name Use the company name Apple with the product at its first use in both the preface and main text to establish ownership of the product Thereafter it s OK to drop the name of the company e Possessives In general avoid forming possessives of product names whether or not the names are trademarked For example avoid AirPort Card s features AirPort Card isn t trademarked For a list of Apple product names see Apple product names overview on page 174 See also plurals trademarks usage professional Don t shorten to pro program See app application program progress indicator The generic term for an onscreen element that lets users know a process is taking place 000 Copy Copying Untitled 1 to Desktop 100 7 MB of 705 9 MB About 3 minutes In developer materials use asynchronous progress indicator fo
201. pathnames timecode One word no hyphen timeline One word time of day Follow these guidelines for times unless your department uses international style see Dates and times on page 195 in Chapter 8 International Style Numerals Use numerals for times of day 2 00 4 15 7 30 a m and p m Include a m and p m lowercase with periods preceded by a space as needed 10 45 a m 6 30 p m Noon and midnight Use 12 00 noon and 12 00 midnight or just noon and midnight Range of times In text it s preferable to use to with a range of times 10 00 a m to 2 00 p m 1 30 to 3 00 p m Otherwise for example in an event agenda or a course listing use an en dash Option Hyphen 10 00 a m 2 00 p m Chapter 2 Style and usage 151 If times in a range are both a m or both p m the first abbreviation can be omitted or included depending on the design 1 30 3 00 p m or 1 30 p m 3 00 p m Don t use from with the en dash Correct from 1 30 to 3 00 Incorrect from 1 30 3 00 timeout n adj One word no hyphen timestamp n v One word no hyphen time zone Use lowercase for the names of time zones except for proper nouns Pacific standard time PST Pacific daylight time PDT mountain standard time MST mountain daylight time MDT central standard time CST central daylight time CDT eastern standard time EST eastern daylight time EDT title bar Two words titled Not ent
202. pell out units of measure and give the abbreviation in parentheses on first occurrence Repeat the spelled out version in new sections and chapters if the unit symbol or abbreviation is obscure and if the audience requires it 20 gigabytes GB of memory Subsequent occurrences 20 GB of memory Always spell out customary units of measure in text for example 17 inch display It s OK to abbreviate such units in tables and technical specifications Display size 17 in Noun When you use a unit symbol or abbreviation as a noun insert a space between the number and the abbreviation and use the preposition of before the unit the value quantifies 20 GB of memory Note that Apple Marketing Communications style for many abbreviations is to close up the number and the abbreviation 20GB of memory Adjective When you use a spelled out unit of measure in a compound adjective hyphenate the compound 17 inch display 3 meter cable When you use a unit symbol or abbreviation in a compound adjective don t hyphenate add a space between the number and the abbreviation 20 nA battery 30 GB capacity e Capitalization With the exception of degrees Celsius Fahrenheit and Rankine units of measure derived from a proper name aren t capitalized when spelled out but their unit symbols are capitalized For example the unit symbol for joule is J Punctuation Abbreviations for customary nonmetric units are followed by a period 30
203. pelling out abbreviations bits per second See bit s black and white adj black and white pred adj Note hyphenation of adjective You can change a color picture to a black and white picture With iPhoto you can change a picture to black and white For displays monochrome is usually more appropriate because it encompasses amber and black green and black and so on blank character Don t use use space character See also space character blinking Use to describe the insertion point Don t use flashing for this purpose blog n v Short for weblog Blue appearance An appearance available in OS X Bluetooth Don t use Bluetooth as a noun Correct If your computer didn t come with an internal Bluetooth module you can have one installed by an Apple Authorized Service Provider Correct Your computer can connect to and transfer information to devices that use Bluetooth wireless technology Incorrect Your computer can connect to devices that use Bluetooth Chapter 2 Style and usage 23 Don t use a hyphen with Bluetooth Correct Bluetooth enabled device Incorrect Bluetooth enabled device Blu ray Note hyphenation A high capacity optical disc format also referred to as Blu ray Disc BD Capitalize Disc only when referring to the format Use lowercase when referring to individual discs You can create Blu ray video and audio files and burn them to a Blu ray disc board Don t use when you mean card A board
204. ponding names e Mac OS X v10 0 Cheetah e Mac OS X v10 1 Puma e Mac OS X v10 2 Jaguar e Mac OS X Server v10 2 Jaguar Server e Mac OS X v10 3 Panther e Mac OS X Server v10 3 Panther Server e Mac OS X v10 4 Tiger e Mac OS X Server v10 4 Tiger Server e Mac OS X v10 5 Leopard e Mac OS X Server v10 5 Leopard Server e Mac OS X v10 6 Snow Leopard e Mac OS X Server v10 6 Snow Leopard Server e OS X v10 7 Lion e OS X Server v10 7 Lion Server e OS X v10 8 Mountain Lion e OS X Server v2 2 Programs and services e AppleCare e AppleCare e Apple Developer Program e Apple Professional Development e Apple Online Store e Apple Retail Store App Store e Genius iBookstore e iCloud e iMessage e iTunes Match e iTunes Store e iTunes U e Mac App Store e MobileMe One to One e ProCare Chapter 4 Apple product names Technical notation Technical notation overview This chapter gives special style and usage rules that apply largely or exclusively to developer documentation When writing about a particular programming language be careful to follow the capitalization style of that language Note Many of the rules covered here are also included by topic in Chapter 2 Style and usage Code Use code font for code Develop a method of spacing around punctuation and use the method consistently It s often best to use English style spacing one space character between words because it s easy
205. position Who is the new system administrator This manual is intended for the person who manages the network Be selective about the people to whom you give network access wide Use a hyphen in compound adjectives beginning with wide wide angle viewing wide format screen Exception widescreen Close up words that end with wide companywide enterprisewide industrywide systemwide worldwide If part of the compound is a proper noun use a hyphen Apple wide wide area network See WAN widescreen adj One word Chapter 2 Style and usage 164 widget A special app displayed by Dashboard You add widgets to Dashboard using the widget bar Capitalize the names of widgets Stocks Weather the Stocks widget the Weather widget Wi Fi Note hyphenation Don t spell out Wi Fi doesn t stand for a specific term wiggle Don t use use jiggle See also jiggle wiki A collaborative website that can be modified by members of a group window In user materials use window for these interface elements Document windows e Main application windows such as Finder windows and the viewer window in Mail e Windows that contain controls and options that affect the active document or selection such as the Equalizer window in iTunes and the Fonts window common to many apps All windows have a functional close button in the title bar In developer materials use window for the first two types of windows document windows and main application
206. pple Retail Store you can use the full name or one of the following variations store online store retail store Don t use the following variations Online Apple Store online Apple Store Apple Store online Retail Apple Store Apple Store retail location Apple retail store Chapter 2 Style and usage 16 Precede the names with an article in text the Apple Online Store an Apple Retail Store Avoid the possessive form Use Apple Retail Stores for the plural form The Apple Online Store has everything you need for your new Mac Test drive a new Mac at an Apple Retail Store near you MacBook Air is available through the Apple Online Store Apple Retail Stores and Apple Authorized Resellers Students and educators can purchase products online from the Apple Online Store for Education Business customers can purchase from the Apple Online Store for Business See also Apple Store Apple Remote OK to shorten to the remote after using the full name AppleScript AppleScript is used to create a script or scripts not an AppleScript or AppleScripts Don t use terms such as AppleScriptable or AppleScripting Apple Store Use Apple Store when referring to a specific Apple Retail Store location Set off the location with commas The Apple Store SoHo opened on July 18 2002 You can also use Apple Store in communications designed specifically for use in Apple Retail Stores such as the calendar of events and brochures about programs such
207. preceded by a not an See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms speakerphone One word special effects n adj No hyphen speed For the speed of disc drives use a lowercase x for example 24x speed Note that there s no space between the numeral and the x spell check v Note hyphenation Also OK to use check the spelling of a document spell checker spelling checker Either term is OK spin down v Avoid using Use stop spinning instead OK for use in service related publications spinning gear See progress indicator spinning wait cursor In developer materials the colored pinwheel cursor In user materials use wait cursor Developer materials Try to avoid situations in your app that cause the window server to display the spinning wait cursor User materials You might see a wait cursor looks like a colored pinwheel while the app is opening splash screen Don t use use opening display startup display or startup screen Spotlight The systemwide search technology in OS X Related terms include the following Spotlight icon in the menu bar Spotlight search field Spotlight results menu or Spotlight menu Spotlight results window or Spotlight window spring loaded Use to describe the ability of a folder to open automatically spring open when an item is dragged onto it Don t use spring open square wave n square wave adj Note hyphenation of adjective SS
208. presses the Control key and clicks an item on the screen In user materials use shortcut menu not contextual menu However you can refer to the menu parenthetically as a contextual menu on first reference for users who may be more familiar with that term A shortcut menu also called a contextual menu appears See also menus contractions It s OK to use contractions in most documentation interface text and informal marketing copy avoid in formal materials such as legal documents Contractions to avoid Don t form contractions from nouns and verbs For example avoid constructions such as this Apple s going to introduce a new computer today Avoid contractions not normally used in written materials such as would ve it ll Its and it s Don t confuse it s the contraction for it is with the possessive pronoun its It s important that the department keep track of its computers control character n control character adj Note hyphenation of adjective Control click v adj Note hyphenation The hyphen denotes a combined action Control click is equivalent to press the Control key and click To open a document Control click the document icon and choose Open from the shortcut menu control key Don t use in a general sense use modifier key The name of the specific key is capitalized Control key Control key It s OK to abbreviate as Ctr when space constraints don t allow the use of the full term as i
209. provide systemwide information System folder Note lowercase f System Preferences Note capitalization for the name of the application See also preferences system software Not systems software See also app application program version systemwide adj One word Chapter 2 Style and usage 145 T tab In the user interface the tab itself is called the tab name tab but the content you see when you click a tab is the pane Note that most controls that used to look like tabs now look like buttons In general if it looks like a tab call it a tab if it looks like a button call it a button See also pane Tab key tab character Capitalize when you refer to the key on the keyboard Use lowercase when you refer to the character When you press Tab you generate a tab character The tab character HT for horizontal tab has the ASCII value 09 table captions Table captions include a table number and a table title In developer materials most tables are numbered In user materials most tables have no numbers and no titles When you use table titles keep them short don t exceed a line and a half of text Avoid using complete sentences for table titles table of contents A table of contents should include chapter and chapter equivalent titles and may include level one level two and level three headings If absolutely necessary level four headings can be included but remember that a document long enough to need level f
210. ptions include email and ePub In titles that use title style capitalization capitalize as follows The Growth of E Commerce earbuds One word earlier later Use to refer to versions of software don t use lower and higher or newer and older Whenever possible avoid using earlier and later to refer to other parts of a document Use specific cross references when you can Sometimes a general reference to another topic is appropriate In such cases it s OK to use earlier and later Earlier in the tutorial you learned to change fill color An explanation of color wells appears later in this document Compare above below earphones One word editing Don t use a hyphen when you use editing in a compound adjective video editing app audio editing system edit menu A type of menu in iOS that lets users perform actions such as copy paste and select on objects or text S ty Select Select All Paste Edit menu ent for John s aunt Don t use edit menu in iOS materials simply describe what users should tap in the menu Correct Tap Select Incorrect Tap Select in the edit menu See also menus editor Capitalize editor only when using the full name the Property List Editor but the editor Chapter 2 Style and usage 54 education Use lowercase in reference to education customers and products K 12 education higher education Apple education pricing Apple education representative Don t use abbrevia
211. question marks and exclamation points go outside quotation marks unless they re part of an actual quotation Four character identifiers When you give the name of four character identifiers such as file types use straight single quotation marks in code font and place any punctuation outside the quotation marks Examples of file types are TEXT PICT and APPL Terminology Use quotation marks not quote marks or quotes Quote is a verb quotation is a noun or an adjective Cross references and quotations Use quotation marks for references to other sections of documents chapter titles and direct quotations See Maintenance on page 83 See Chapter 2 Using iMovie Onscreen messages Enclose quotations from the screen such as alert messages in quotation marks e Terms that stand for or define other terms Use italics not quotation marks for terms after called known as labeled stands for termed and so on Use plain style for onscreen elements whose names are in title style capitalization A folder called My Files appears Sentence style onscreen elements Use quotation marks for elements whose names use sentence style capitalization Select the checkbox labeled Keep lines together Search for Apps for college Title style onscreen elements For title style elements use quotation marks only if there s a significant chance the name could be misread in context Tap Send to
212. r for example the Library folder If there s risk of confusion about whether the folder you re referring to belongs to a specific user or is shared by all users you can describe its location the Library folder in your home folder the Library folder at the top level of the hard disk See also directory pathnames font For outline fonts a complete set of characters in one typeface such as Times or Garamond and style For bitmap fonts a complete set of characters in one typeface size and style Don t use face Compare font family typeface font family Use to refer to a complete representation of characters for one typeface including all available sizes and styles for example Times or Garamond A font family may include both bitmap and outline fonts Compare font typeface font size Not type size When the meaning is clear it s OK to use just size font style Not typestyle or typeface attribute Refers to one or more attributes such as boldface underline italic shadow and so on When the meaning is clear it s OK to use just style Fonts window The systemwide window for selecting fonts styles sizes and other text features foot ft Note hyphenation when used as an adjective 3 foot height 3 foot high table but is 3 feet high The abbreviation is the same in the singular and the plural Don t abbreviate in text Don t use the symbol unless space limitations prevent the use of foot or ft footnotes See tables
213. r Standardization ISO http www iso org Standard ISO 8601 e Rationale Date and time formats are represented with the largest units given first From left to right the ranking is year month week day hour minute second This standard in addition to being used in many Asian languages solves ambiguities in the date notations used in Canada the United States and the United Kingdom Usage Dates are expressed numerically as year month day and are separated by a hyphen Times are expressed on a 24 hour clock A colon separates hours minutes and seconds Coordinated Universal Time UTC times are expressed as Z Local time zones are expressed as the number of hours from UTC The iPhone 5 was introduced on 2012 09 12 The file will be posted at 18 00Z The file will be posted at 18 00 PST UTC 8 Decimals Decimals are expressed by a period or comma For numbers larger than 999 don t use a period or comma as a separator A nonbreaking space Option Space bar may be used instead International authority Bureau International des Poids et Mesures BIPM http www bipm org Standard BIPM SI Brochure e Rationale Breaking up large numbers makes them easier to read especially in tables A nonbreaking space can t be confused as a decimal marker Usage Use a period to produce a decimal in English Numbers may be divided in groups of three on either side of the decimal to make them easy to read Use a nonbreakin
214. r by adding an s 1s and 5s the 90s Software version numbers When you refer to software version numbers use later and earlier For example refer to OS X Lion v10 7 or later See also version Chapter 2 Style and usage 110 Code values in text Use numerals for numeric values in text except for zero in the same sentence as nonzero ord blue returns 0 The function fseek returns nonzero for improper seeks otherwise it returns zero Large numbers For very large numbers that are a power of 2 you can use the exponential form to avoid a long string of digits for example 272 Numbers larger than 65 536 2 6 are good candidates for showing in exponential form If there are numbers larger and smaller than 65 536 in the same discussion show the smaller numbers both ways x must be between 1024 21 and 232 See also fractions number sign Use to describe this character Don t use pound sign or number symbol Avoid using the number sign to specify an item in a numbered series You can frequently omit number or the number sign from a sentence and still make the meaning clear See document 58677 for more information Use part 661 2262 to repair the computer numeric adj Not numerical except when you refer specifically to numerical order Exception to American Heritage See also numerics n adj numeric keypad Can be shortened to keypad Don t use numerical keypad or numeric keyboard numerics n ad
215. r the spinning gear determinate progress bar for the bar that has a fill that moves left to right and indeterminate progress bar for the spinning striped cylinder If you have to mention a progress indicator in user materials use the generic term and describe it You see a progress indicator looks like a spinning gear A progress indicator a moving bar shows the status of the download A progress indicator a spinning striped cylinder lets you know that a process is taking place See also asynchronous progress indicator determinate progress bar indeterminate progress bar spinning wait cursor prompt n v adj Avoid using as a verb except in reference to what the system does when it displays an actual prompt character on the screen The prompt reminds you to do something The system then prompts you for information with a prompt character The prompt character is sometimes a bracket Chapter 2 Style and usage 126 pronunciation If the pronunciation of an acronym isn t self evident provide a pronunciation key Use all caps for the stressed syllable use a hyphen between syllables Enclose the phonetic spelling in quotation marks WYSIWYG pronounced WIZ zee wig This style guide provides pronunciation keys for many acronyms Don t invent your own pronunciation key unless this guide doesn t show the pronunciation Consult your editor propeller Use Command key not propeller key to refer to the key with
216. r to the collection of photos on an iOS device Use Camera Roll album when referring to the Camera Roll as an album You can save photos you receive in email to your Camera Roll With iCloud photos you save to the Camera Roll are automatically sent to the iPhoto library on your Mac You can t change the key photo for the Camera Roll album can might may Use can to express the capacity to do something use might or may to suggest the possibility of doing something use may to express permission You can log in to your account from another computer You might be able to connect to the Internet at a nearby hotspot You may borrow my iPod if you return it tomorrow When used to express possibility might typically suggests lower probability than may If the issue persists you may need to restart your computer or you might need to restore software canceled canceling cancelation Not cancelled cancelling cancellation capability If possible avoid capability when you discuss features of software or hardware Reword in terms of what the user can do with the feature Correct With iPhoto you can create slideshows Incorrect iPhoto has the capability to create slideshows Chapter 2 Style and usage 28 capitalization Two styles of capitalization are commonly used at Apple e Sentence style capitalization This line provides an example of sentence style capitalization Title style capitalization This Line Provides an Exampl
217. r with a level one heading start with an introductory paragraph or two before your first text heading Similarly avoid placing a level two heading immediately after a level one heading and so on When you have limited space and when text serves primarily to separate one heading from the next but isn t necessary to the reader it s OK to place a heading immediately following the previous level of heading At least two headings of the same level If you use a particular level of heading at all in a given chapter or section use at least two Strictly speaking a chapter or section can t be subdivided into only one part Parallelism Keep the wording of parallel headings within a section parallel Use the same verb forms gerunds imperatives and so on from heading to heading Comparable terms should all be either singular or plural not a mix If you use complete sentences for some headings use them for all comparable headings Chapter 2 Style and usage 149 Capitalization Check with your editor for your department s guidelines for capitalizing text headings Punctuation Avoid colons in headings wherever possible If a colon in a heading is required capitalize the first word after the colon Avoid ellipsis points in headings Humor Keep headings simple and descriptive Avoid cute flippant or gimmicky headings Humor can be an effective means of enhancing the reader s experience but it generally works best in exa
218. racter RFI Abbreviation for radio frequency interference Note hyphenation of spelled out version See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations Rich Text Format See RTF right arrow Use to refer to a button that looks like a right pointing arrow such as the small arrow that users click to increase a value in a horizontal stepper Indent Level 1 gt Click the right arrow to increase the indent level See also Right Arrow key stepper Right Arrow key When you refer to arrow keys generically use lowercase but capitalize and use the complete name when you refer to one or more arrow keys by name See also arrow keys right click v For Windows only use to refer to clicking the secondary usually the right mouse button For Mac use Control click instead Windows Right click the app icon to open a shortcut menu Mac Control click the app icon to open a shortcut menu right hand Avoid except in reference to right hand recto pages use just right whenever possible rightmost No hyphen Chapter 2 Style and usage 132 right side Not right hand side ringtone One word road map Two words ROM Acronym for read only memory See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms roman Roman adj Use lowercase when you refer to numerals and to font style Capitalize when you refer to the term Standard Roman character set See also arabic Arabic adj root The
219. ral use title style capitalization and italics don t use quotation marks unless italics aren t available Don t capitalize or italicize phrases such as user guide unless they re part of the title as it appears on the cover page of the document Don t include trademark symbols See the iPhone User Guide See the user guide that came with your MacBook Air When you refer to the title of an onscreen help book don t italicize the title or enclose it in quotation marks For more information about adding contacts see Contacts Help To chapter or section titles Authoring and output tools typically determine the format of links to chapters or sections within a document For cross references that aren t links match the capitalization style of the chapter or section title and enclose the title in quotation marks If you refer to a chapter by number don t enclose the word Chapter or the chapter number in quotation marks For more information see the Share music and video section of iTunes Help See Chapter 1 Ready Set Up Go on page 7 See also capitalization Chapter 2 Style and usage 40 CRT Abbreviation for cathode ray tube Note hyphenation of spelled out version Don t use when you mean display or screen See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations Ctrl Abbreviation for Control Use the abbreviation only when space constraints don t allow use of the full term as in colum
220. raphics card used to plug in an Apple display Don t use monitor port display system Refers to a display and the display card sometimes called a graphics card that works with it division sign Not division symbol do Don t use in phrases such as do a clean installation Use perform instead Dock Don t use as a verb Items are in the Dock not on the Dock Don t say an item is docked Correct To put a window in the Dock click the minimize button Incorrect To dock a window click the minimize button Correct Click the Mail icon in the Dock Incorrect Click the Mail icon on the Dock Don t assume that an item is in a user s Dock only the Finder and the Trash can t be removed from the Dock On iOS devices the Dock refers to the bottom row of app icons on the Home screen dock Use lowercase when referring generically to an accessory for iOS devices place iPad in the dock Capitalize in product names For a list of current Apple docks see Accessories on page 176 in Chapter 4 Apple product names In user materials don t use dock as a verb devices are in the dock not docked Don t use dockable dock adapter Use lowercase in general references You can use a dock adapter with iPod Capitalize in product names iPod Universal Dock Adapter dock connector The port on some iPad iPhone and iPod models for connecting to a dock cable or device Also called a 30 pin connector Use lowercase in general references connect a ca
221. rd disk drive interface OK to use the acronym SATA precede with a not an if space is limited but spell out whenever possible See also ATA hard disk n adj Parallel ATA server A computer or device or the software on it that s on a network and manages the network s resources Types of servers include the following application server database server file server HTTP server mail server network server print server streaming server web server service manual Note lowercase setup n adj set up v One word except as a verb Setup Assistant Two words Capitalize when you refer to an app that helps users configure the system or software use lowercase for generic references Don t use the before Setup Assistant You must have an AirPort Extreme Card installed in your computer to use AirPort Setup Assistant Apple Remote Desktop provides an easy to use setup assistant to guide you through the process See also Assistant sexism sexist language See fair language shared disk In user materials use shared disk when you discuss connecting to another computer over the network When you discuss setting up a folder to share on your own computer use shared folder Use file server only when explaining the concept of file servers shared folder In user materials use shared folder when you discuss setting up a folder to share on the user s computer Use shared disk when you discuss connecting to another computer over the
222. re an entry beginning with a numeral List entries that begin with numerals in numerical order by the first full number in the entry 3 2 pulldown 4 3 aspect ratio 10 bit resolution When entries that contain numerals are grouped together order the entries numerically within the group Apple ProRes 422 Apple ProRes 4444 For detailed information about letter by letter alphabetizing see The Chicago Manual of Style Chapter 6 How to write a glossary 190 How to develop an index Index overview The index is an important tool for readers as they search for information Making an index accurate comprehensive and useful is worth the extra time and effort required Format and structure of index entries Follow these general guidelines for the format and structure of an index Number of levels For most documents two levels of entries are enough Some documents may require three The indexer writer and developmental editor should agree on the number of levels before the indexing begins though the indexer may suggest changing the number after work begins Main entries A main entry shouldn t have more than five page numbers after it If there are more than five page numbers use subentries Don t use s to make a main entry both singular and plural Subentries can be worded so that all of them read correctly with one form of the main entry Subentries Don t use adjectives as main entries with nouns as subentries such subentries
223. re in between If a term has two or more meanings that are relevant provide all definitions filters 1 Modifiable search criteria used in the Filter HUD to return a specific selection of photos 2 Effects applied in Photoshop to alter the visual quality of an image 3 Colored pieces of glass or plastic that are attached to camera lenses to change or eliminate reflections or areas within a scene If the definitions are for different parts of speech use n v or adj to distinguish the part of speech branch v To pass program control to a line or statement other than the next in sequence n A statement that performs the act of branching Chapter 6 How to write a glossary 188 Abbreviations For a term that has an acronym or abbreviation include the term in either its spelled out form or shortened form depending on how the term is better known in the field HTML Abbreviation for Hypertext Markup Language The standard scripting language used to create web content decibel dB Unit of measurement for sound levels a logarithmic scale used to describe the loudness of sound as perceived by the human ear Synonyms If a term has a synonym include a statement that begins with Also called hue An attribute of color perception For example red and blue are different hues Also called color phase If you think readers might search for the synonym you can add it as a separate entry with a cross reference to the main en
224. re you test its interface lock Users lock documents apps or iOS devices they write protect their disks Disks are copy protected by the manufacturer Lock screen Note capitalization logical operators Don t use as verbs Correct Using OR to combine x and y produces the result TRUE if either one is true or if both are true Incorrect ORing x and y produces the result TRUE if either one is true or if both are true Correct The directive uses the logical operator AND to compare the accumulator contents with the contents of memory specified by the operand Incorrect The directive logically ANDs the accumulator contents with the contents of memory specified by the operand log in v login n adj log out v logout n adj Use log in to not log into Correct You must log in as an administrator Correct If you turn on automatic login for yourself your account opens when the computer starts up Incorrect You must log into the computer Users log in to a file server not log on to users log out of a file server not log off log off of or log out from Correct You must log out of the server Incorrect You must log out from the server Incorrect You must log off the server Use login window to refer to the window that appears when a new user logs in to OS X login items Apps or files that open automatically when the user logs in In user materials it s preferable to use descriptive language for
225. rect Open the QuickTime Player playhead One word The control that users manipulate to move around in a movie playlist One word sometimes capitalized iTunes playlist iPod playlist Smart Playlist please Avoid using please in instructional text and cross references Correct Follow the steps below Incorrect Please follow the steps below Correct For more information see Store Settings on page 96 Incorrect For more information please see Store Settings on page 96 plug Not male connector See also connector plug and play v pred adj plug and play adj Note hyphenation of adjective plug in n Always hyphenate unless you re quoting text such as a product name or interface text that doesn t contain a hyphen Use plug ins to extend the capabilities of Safari With the Hydra HDR Plugin for Aperture you can create HDR images from Aperture In text that uses title style capitalization use lowercase for the i in Plug in exception to the rule that you capitalize the second word in a hyphenated compound Installing and Removing Plug ins Chapter 2 Style and usage 120 plug in v plug into v Use when you refer to the specific act of plugging a connector into a port or an outlet For example a power cord plugs into an electrical outlet you can plug a USB connector into a USB port See also connect connector into in to plurals Follow these guidelines for plurals Acronyms and abbrev
226. ree Rankine R Option Shift 8 temperature dots per inch dpi resolution electromotive force emf energy derived from electrical source per unit quantity of electricity electron volt eV energy farad coulombs per volt F capacitance foot ft length gallon gal volume gigabit Gbit computer memory gigabits per second GB s standard GB sec some Apple groups speed of data transmission gigabyte GB computer memory gigabytes per second GB s standard speed of data transmission GB sec some Apple groups gigahertz GHz frequency gilbert Gb magnetomotive force gram g mass weight grams per cubic centimeter g cm density henry H inductance hertz cycles per second Hz frequency horsepower HP power hour h time inch in length joule kilogram meter J energy joules per second See watt kelvin K thermodynamic temperature kilobit 1000 bits kbit computer memory kilobits per second kbit s standard speed of data transmission kbps some Apple groups kilobyte 1024 bytes KB computer memory kilobytes per second KB s standard KB sec some Apple groups speed of data transmission kilogram kg mass weight kilogram meter See joule kilogram meters per second squared See newton kilograms per cubic meter kg m density kilohertz kHz frequency kilohm kQ Option Z electric resistance Chapter 3 Units of measure
227. rements Proper nouns or names Form the possessive of a singular proper noun or proper name including one that ends in s by adding an apostrophe and an s Form the possessive of a plural proper noun or proper name by adding an apostrophe Susan Torres s biography singular the Joneses computer plural Product names Rewrite to avoid forming a possessive of any product name trademarked or not for example don t use Keynote slides See also trademarks usage post prefix Close up words beginning with post except when one element is a proper noun or a date postgraduate postmortem posttest post WWDC event post 2010 Exception post production post v OK to use post to or post on when referring to publishing something on the Internet or another network Post Office Protocol See POP PostScript Don t use small caps pound sign Don t use use number sign for this character See also number sign power adapter Lowercase except in product names 60W MagSafe Power Adapter Avoid AC adapter power button The button on a computer or display marked with the icon See also power switch power cord Not power cable power down n adj power down v Don t use in user materials use switch off turn off or shut down Power Nap Two words Not PowerNap power off v Don t use in user materials use shut down switch off or turn off power on v Don t use in user materials use switch on or t
228. rent kinds of disks Preferable You can use the Find command to search for items on all disks connected to your computer Avoid You can use the Find command to search for items on all volumes connected to your computer Chapter 2 Style and usage 161 In other materials typically for special audiences such as administrators it s appropriate to use volume if a precise distinction between the logical volume and physical partition aspects of the disk is relevant and helpful to the reader Don t rename a NetBoot share point or the volume it resides on Xsan SAN storage appears to clients as one or more volumes that behave like local disks A volume usually occupies a single partition on a single disk but it may span multiple partitions and disks See also disk Volume Down key Volume Up key Note capitalization volume license volume licensing No hyphen volume name Two words Note the treatment of these similar terms device name filename host name pathname user name VPN Abbreviation for virtual private network or virtual private networking See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations VRAM Acronym for video random access memory Pronounced VEE ram See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms vs Don t use use versus when absolutely necessary but rewrite to avoid the term when possible W wait cursor See spinning wait cursor WAN Acro
229. rnal disk drive built in graphics card Use to describe graphics cards that are installed at the factory Don t use onboard graphics card bullet Use bullet for the character that precedes an item in a list See also dot bundle bundled Refers to a collection of products or to products included with a computer It s preferable to use a term such as included or comes with Don t use prebundled In developer materials a bundle is also a special type of directory that stores the code of applications and plug ins in a file package that appears as a single file in the Finder burn You burn files on a disc or to a disc but not onto a disc You can also burn a disc Use iPhoto to burn your photos on a CD Select the playlists you want to burn to a CD If you have a SuperDrive you can burn DVDs See also write Chapter 2 Style and usage 25 bus buses Note spelling of plural In materials for audio technology you can use busses for the plural but be consistent in all materials for a particular product bus powered self powered In user materials try to avoid when indicating whether devices draw power from a power cord or from another USB device When possible describe the device don t give it a label Correct a device that plugs into an electrical outlet Incorrect a self powered device Correct a device that gets its power from another USB device Incorrect a bus powered device button Buttons always initiate an action w
230. rom the disk stops immediately and program control returns to the caller Incorrect If the noWait parameter is true play from the disk will stop immediately and program control will return to the caller e Future events Future tense is sometimes appropriate for example when a product described isn t yet available Apple will give users a peek at the new app by releasing a public beta Next year students at Clareton High School will use iBooks textbooks in their math classes Fwd Del key See Forward Delete key Chapter 2 Style and usage 65 G GB n adj Abbreviation for gigabyte GB equals 1000 bytes in the context of file size or disk storage capacity or 1024 bytes in the context of computer memory See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations e Noun In the noun form use a space between the numeral and the abbreviation The preposition of is necessary before the unit that the value quantifies 20 GB of memory 320 GB of storage capacity Adjective Don t hyphenate the adjective form a 1 GB SO DIMM a 320 GB hard drive Gbit n adj Abbreviation for gigabit See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations Noun In the noun form use a space between the numeral and the abbreviation The preposition of is necessary before the unit that the value quantifies 10 Gbit of memory Adjective Don t hyphenate the adjective form 10 Gbit memo
231. ronym on first occurrence in a chapter if you think your audience may not be familiar with it In help documents spell out the term when you introduce it How to spell out When you spell out a term generally put the spelled out version first with the abbreviation or acronym in parentheses Internet service provider ISP If the abbreviation or acronym is much more familiar than the spelled out version you can put the abbreviation or acronym first followed by the spelled out version in parentheses or you can explain that the abbreviation is short for the spelled out version and place the spelled out version in italics You can share your personal URL Uniform Resource Locator An Internet address is sometimes called a URL short for Uniform Resource Locator File types Use all caps for abbreviations of file types a JPEG file an AIFF file the MP3 file Filename extensions which indicate the file type should be in lowercase jpg aif mp3 iba Pronunciation Provide a pronunciation key for an acronym if you think the pronunciation isn t self evident and if you think the reader may not know how to pronounce the term WYSIWYG pronounced WIZ zee wig See also pronunciation Punctuation Don t use periods except in abbreviations for customary nonmetric units of measure and in the abbreviations a m p m and U S see U S for exception Plural Don t add an apostrophe before the s when you form the plural
232. rs together or apart to zoom out or in Pinch to zoom in on the page Rotate Twist the thumb and index finger to rotate images and other items Rotate to change the photo s orientation e Touch and hold Touch the screen or trackpad and hold until something happens for example the view magnifies an item becomes editable or a control appears Touch and hold a book then drag it to a new position on the bookshelf Touch and hold a location on the map See also drag flick n v pinch v rotate v swipe n v tap n v touch and hold Chapter 2 Style and usage 67 GHz n adj Abbreviation for gigahertz See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations e Noun In the noun form use a space between the numeral and the abbreviation at a rate of 3 0 GHz Adjective Don t hyphenate the adjective form a 3 0 GHz processor GIF Acronym for Graphics Interchange Format a bitmapped graphics file format that includes data compression Pronounced with a hard g See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms See also file formats gigabit See Gbit n adj Gigabit Ethernet 1000Base T A standard that allows data transmission rates of up to 1 gigabit per second 1000 megabits per second See also Ethernet Fast Ethernet 100Base T Fiber Gigabit Ethernet gigabits per second See Gbit s gigabyte See GB n adj gigabytes per second See GB s gi
233. rtcut menu has submenus you can use the style shown above or you can use the angle bracket style Control click the word you want to look up choose Writing Tools from the shortcut menu and then choose Look Up in Dictionary and Thesaurus from the submenu Control click the images and then choose Align Objects gt Left from the shortcut menu In user materials don t refer to a shortcut menu as a contextual menu However you can refer to the menu parenthetically as a contextual menu on first reference for users who may be more familiar with that term A shortcut menu also called a contextual menu appears See also choose command names submenus message list The list of messages in the viewer window in Mail metadata One word MHz n adj Abbreviation for megahertz See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations Noun In the noun form use a space between the numeral and the abbreviation at a rate of 800 MHz Adjective Don t hyphenate the adjective form an 800 MHz processor mice Try to avoid but if you must use the plural of mouse it s OK to use mice or mouse devices See also mouse microarchitecture One word micro DVI A video output port for connecting external displays and TVs microphone OK to use mic for short Chapter 2 Style and usage 103 Microsoft Windows OK to use Windows Computers that use Microsoft Windows can be called Windows based computers Windows co
234. rticular Mac computer Correct To obtain a static IP address for your computer contact your network administrator Correct You must have an administrator account to modify other user accounts on a Mac Incorrect You must be an administrator to install software See also administrator adj System Administrator administrator adj Use in OS X to describe the primary account or accounts that can create other accounts set access privileges install software and make systemwide settings OK to shorten to admin in server and training materials Don t use possessive form administrator s account administrator s password or admin s permissions Correct Log in with an administrator account to install software Correct To give a user broad privileges on a Mac create an admin account for the user Incorrect Log in with an administrator s account to install software An administrator computer is a computer with OS X or OS X Server that you use to manage remote servers See also administrator n standard user System Administrator Advanced Video Coding High Definition See AVCHD Advisor advisor Use Advisor to refer to a person in a customer facing AppleCare Support position including those at one of Apple s outsourced vendor sites Don t use agent or representative Use advisor if you re not referring specifically to an AppleCare Support person College students can apply to be Apple At Home Advisors AFP Abbr
235. ry Gbit s Standard international abbreviation for gigabits per second Some Apple groups use Gbps instead See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations GB s Standard international abbreviation for gigabytes per second Some Apple groups use GB sec instead See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations gender stereotypes See fair language generation Refers to products released at a particular time or sharing a common design or features Hyphenate compound adjectives that include the word generation fifth generation iPod second generation processor previous generation Mac mini When the generation follows the name use the numeral Apple TV 2nd generation Avoid variations that shorten generation such as fifth gen and 5G See also iPad iPod Genius iTunes A feature of iTunes iPad iPhone and iPod Genius can be used alone don t precede with the or in terms such as the following Genius playlist Genius Mix Genius feature Genius recommendations gestures Don t refer to Multi Touch gestures as finger gestures use Multi Touch gestures or simply gestures When you write instructions that include gestures in general don t include the word finger Correct Flick left or right Incorrect Flick your finger left or right Chapter 2 Style and usage 66 However you can refer to fingers if the gesture involves multiple fingers or is complex Triple tap w
236. s TB s Standard international abbreviation for terabytes per second Some Apple groups use TB sec instead See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations TCP IP Abbreviation for Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations technology names For a list of current Apple technologies see Software and technologies on page 178 in Chapter 4 Apple product names telecommunication Jelecommunication refers to the act telecommunications refers to the field When used as an adjective the correct term is telecommunications Telecommunication gets simpler by the day though you can t prove it by most manuals on this subject The telecommunications industry is expanding rapidly telephone numbers Use hyphens in U S phone and fax numbers don t use parentheses or a leading 1 Use toll free number not 800 number For numbers with extensions use extension or ext not x For phone numbers that use letters for easier recall include the numeric form in parentheses when possible 800 282 2732 800 MY APPLE 800 692 7753 800 800 APPL 800 800 2775 408 996 1010 Chapter 2 Style and usage 148 See also addresses mailing and Telephone numbers on page 196 in Chapter 8 International style television TV is preferred Don t use television set or TV set television monitor Don t use Use video monitor or monitor Tel
237. s playlists or favorite items sign Use sign not symbol in the following terms division sign equal sign greater than sign less than sign minus sign multiplication sign number sign and plus sign signaled signaling Not signalled signalling sign in n adj sign in v No hyphen in verb Users sign in to Apple services computers devices and apps do not Correct Sign in to the App Store using the Apple ID that you used to purchase the app Incorrect The computer must be signed in to the App Store using the Apple ID that you used to purchase the app sign on n adj sign on v No hyphen in verb Note hyphenation in phrases such as single sign on authentication SIMM Acronym for single inline memory module No hyphen in spelled out version See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms Chapter 2 Style and usage 137 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol See SMTP since because Use since to mean during the period subsequent to the time when Use because to mean for the reason that Correct It has been 5 hours since you checked your email Correct Because you made a backup copy you didn t lose your work Incorrect Since you made a backup copy you didn t lose your work single Hyphenate compound adjectives beginning with single single button single core single layer single precision single processor single inline memory module See SIMM single letters See letters as letters
238. s a verb use write to display on print on or print to outside Not outside of over Don t use when you mean more than Correct You can add more than 1000 songs Incorrect You can add over 1000 songs Chapter 2 Style and usage 114 P page See homepage webpage PAL Acronym for Phase Alternating Line a European color video standard See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms pane In user materials use pane to refer to changeable areas within a window or dialog such as areas that can be changed by clicking a button or choosing an item from a pop up menu and areas in windows that change automatically as in an installer Also use pane to refer to the parts that result when a user splits a document window Examples Copies amp Pages pane Print dialog Photos pane Media Browser Formats pane Language amp Text preferences In many cases in user materials you can avoid using pane by describing how to get to a particular onscreen item Open System Preferences click Language amp Text and click Formats It s OK to refer to a pane within a pane Don t use panel to refer to a pane In developer materials use view in most contexts because panes are views programmatically When however the pane is seen by the developer as a user sees it such as when giving instructions for using developer apps use pane For example a programming guide that explains how to add a pane to a standard dialo
239. s used MIPS Acronym for million instructions per second Don t drop the s when you refer to a single unit 7 MIPS not 1 MIP See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms mixed directional adj Note hyphenation Use to refer to a combination of left to right and right to left text within a single line French and Arabic on one line for example Compare bidirectional adj M JPEG Note hyphenation Pronounced em jay peg The M stands for motion and the form Motion JPEG is sometimes used M JPEG extends the JPEG standard to video Not the same as MPEG mobile device A small portable computing device Avoid using to refer to devices that use iOS such as iPad iPhone and iPod touch instead use iOS device mobile phone Use instead of cell phone or cellular phone Don t use simply as a synonym for iPhone Chapter 2 Style and usage 104 mode In user materials avoid mode when you refer to software features Correct When you re using the paintbrush Incorrect When you re in paintbrush mode Correct Use full screen view to play your presentation Incorrect Use full screen mode to play your presentation It s OK to use mode in user materials when you re discussing hardware for example to refer to a state that a computer or iOS device is in such as camera mode sleep mode safe mode or target disk mode However don t overuse mode it can often be omitted with no change in meaning I
240. s users For Mac users use Option key a m Note periods 8 30 a m Use a space before the abbreviation ambient light sensor No hyphen Don t use ALS America American Refers to both North and South America Don t use when you mean United States See also U S American National Standards Institute See ANSI ampersand Use the ampersand character amp in text only when you describe a command name an onscreen element or a document or disc title that uses the character Chapter 2 Style and usage 13 analog Note spelling Use hyphens in the adjectives analog to digital and digital to analog and or Rewrite to avoid this construction Correct document and app icons Avoid document and or app icons angle brackets Use angle brackets not brackets to describe the lt and gt symbols Use left angle bracket and right angle bracket when you need to distinguish between opening and closing angle brackets You can also use ess than sign and greater than sign for these symbols if appropriate in the context Compare greater than sign less than sign See also braces brackets menus ANSI Acronym for American National Standards Institute See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms antenna antennas Not antennae in relation to wireless products anti prefix Close up except before i a proper noun or a proper adjective Hyphenate in those cases Exception anti alias anti aliasing n adj
241. se card or gift card after the first reference Apple ID An account that identifies a user of services such as iCloud the iTunes Store and iMessage Because a user can have more than one Apple ID you might need to specify a particular one for example the Apple ID you used to purchase the songs Sign in to the iTunes Store with your Apple ID To use Find My iPhone you need an Apple ID Sign in with the Apple ID you used to set up iCloud on your Mac Apple Inc The company s legal name formerly Apple Computer Inc See also Apple Apple logo Use lowercase for the word ogo in text and credit lines Apple Loops Always plural not an Apple Loop An open standard file format for audio loops and sound effects also refers to the audio and effects files Apple Loops Utility Note plural Loops Apple Lossless Capitalize as shown when referring to the audio compression format Apple menu When you refer to the Apple menu in user materials use both the word Apple and the symbol on first occurrence The Apple menu contains commands for shutting down your computer Thereafter use the phrase Apple menu without the symbol Don t use the symbol without the word Apple when you refer to the Apple menu Apple Online Store Apple Retail Store Note word order and capitalization Customers can purchase Apple products from the Apple Online Store or an Apple Retail Store After the first reference to the Apple Online Store or A
242. sembler Don t use assembler when you mean assembly language assembly language n assembly language adj Note hyphenation of adjective Not assembler language Assistant Capitalize and don t use the when the word is part of a full name Use AirPort Setup Assistant to Use lowercase when you use the term by itself or generically Use the assistant to You can use assistants to assure Don t use when you mean ensure Assure means to state positively as to remove doubt Compare ensure insure asynchronous progress indicator In developer materials the progress indicator that looks like a spinning gear In user materials use progress indicator and describe what it looks like Developer materials Don t use the asynchronous progress indicator for processes that start out indeterminate but could become determinate User materials You see a progress indicator looks like a spinning gear ATA Abbreviation for Advanced Technology Attachment A hard disk drive interface Types of ATA hard drives used in Mac computers include Serial ATA and Parallel ATA See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations See also hard disk n adj Parallel ATA Serial ATA Chapter 2 Style and usage 19 attach Don t use to mean connect as in Connect the USB device to your computer audio Close up the following words beginning with audio audiobook audiocassette audiotape audiovisual Don t use a hyphen
243. sions version x and y axes No hyphen See also x axis y axis x and y coordinates No hyphen See also x coordinate y coordinate x axis Note hyphenation See also x and y axes x coordinate Note hyphenation See also x and y coordinates Xserve The names of Xserve models can be used with or without an article The Xserve fits into standard racks and cabinets Xserve G5 handles the most demanding workloads Y adapter Note hyphenation y axis Note hyphenation See also x and y axes y coordinate Note hyphenation See also x and y coordinates Z zap zapping Don t use as in zapping PRAM Use reset Reset the PRAM zero character OK to use for the ASCII character 30 Don t confuse with null character 00 zero configuration networking Note hyphenation Refers to Bonjour and other technologies for connecting to computers printers and other devices without complicated setup procedures zeros Not zeroes zip code Note lowercase zoom OK to use zoom zoom in zoom in on zoom in to zoom out and zoom out of zoom button The rightmost button of the three window controls at the left of the title bar Chapter 2 Style and usage 167 Units of measure Units of measure overview This chapter provides usage guidelines for units of measure and lists abbreviations and symbols for frequently used units Follow these guidelines when you use units of measure in documentation When to spell out In user documentation s
244. splays not a dual display See also extended desktop n adj video mirroring n adj Chapter 2 Style and usage 52 dual inline memory module See DIMM dual layer adj Don t use Use double layer in reference to the SuperDrive and the DVDs it uses See also double layer n double layer adj dual processor adj Note hyphen Computers with two processors are dual processor computers They have dual processors dual Intel Xeon processors and so on Don t use a dual processor or DP See also dual core adj duckhead Don t use When describing the wall plug module that attaches to an Apple power adapter use AC wall adapter due to Not due to the fact that A phrase beginning with due to must follow a linking verb and must function as a subject complement it can t function as an independent prepositional phrase Use because of with prepositional phrases The interference was due to a faulty cable Your apps will open faster because of the additional memory DV An industry standard video format Generally use DV to refer to the format or to products that use the format Don t use DV to refer to the medium digital video Related terms include DV format DV standard DV camera DV camcorder DVD Don t spell out DVD doesn t stand for a specific term DVD technologies include the following DVD Audio read only DVD R recordable DVD R recordable DVD R DL recordable double layer DVD R DL recordable do
245. stem See UFS unmount v In user materials avoid when referring to making a disk or disk image unavailable use alternatives such as eject or make unavailable or describe what the user must do to make the disk unavailable Avoid Unmount the disc when you finish using it Preferable Eject the disc when you finish using it In server materials or materials for more technical users it s OK to use unmount In Disk Utility select the disk you want to unmount and click Unmount in the toolbar Use this function to unmount one or more server volumes Don t use unmount as an intransitive verb Correct Unmount the volume Incorrect The volume unmounts See also mount v mounted adj unmounted adj In user materials avoid when referring to a disk or disk image that isn t available use alternatives such as not available or not visible in a Finder window Avoid lf a disk is unmounted you can t access files on it until you mount it again Preferable If a disk is unavailable you can t access files on it until you make it available again Chapter 2 Style and usage 156 In server materials or materials for more technical users it s OK to use unmounted Disk Utility lists both mounted and unmounted volumes See also mount v mounted adj unselected adj Use to describe something that s not selected Not deselected unchecked or dehighlighted Compare deselect unhighlighted adj See also checkbox
246. stem error may have occurred Incorrect If the computer hangs a system error has probably occurred See also freeze hard copy Avoid use a term such as printout print version or printed document hardcover One word hard disk n adj Use hard disk or just disk to refer to a disk and its contents or to the icon you see on the desktop or in a Finder window Use hard disk drive or hard drive to refer to the mechanism that holds and accesses the disk Don t use hard drive when you mean hard disk Install the administration software on the server s hard disk See also disk hard drive Use hard drive or hard disk drive to refer to the mechanism that holds and accesses a hard disk You can install a second hard disk drive in the expansion bay See also disk drive drive HD n adj Abbreviation for high definition n and high definition adj See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations HDMI Abbreviation for High Definition Multimedia Interface Terms include HDMI port HDMI input HDMI output HDMI cable HDMI to HDMI cable and HDMI to DVI cable See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations See also video input video input output video output n adj HDV A format for recording and playback of high definition video on standard DV cassette tapes using a form of MPEG 2 compression Don t use HDV to refer in general to high definition video Related t
247. sts technical appendixes or tables For spelled out forms hyphenate the fractions one tenth one fifth three fourths This app uses one fifth of available memory The other app uses only 1 20 of available memory When you express a noninteger greater than 1 in fractional form use a mixed numeral rather than an improper fraction Correct 1 1 6 Incorrect 7 6 frame buffer Two words frame rate Two words frames per second See fps free Don t use to refer to available memory or storage space use available FreeBSD Note spelling freeze Use to refer to the behavior of a pointer on the screen Avoid using freeze as a noun or to refer to something the computer does Instead use a phrase such as not responding Correct If the pointer freezes or if the computer stops responding to the mouse trackpad or keyboard follow these instructions Incorrect If the computer freezes follow these instructions Incorrect If you experience a freeze follow these instructions freeze frame n freeze frame adj Note hyphenation of adjective You can add a freeze frame clip to your movie to temporarily stop the action onscreen frequently asked questions See FAQ front frontmost The active window is the front or frontmost window See also active in front front end n front end adj Note hyphenation front panel n front panel adj Note hyphenation frontside bus A type of system bus Don t use FSB Chapter 2
248. sult your department s guidelines about the style of cross references See also below cross references earlier later AC Abbreviation for alternating current See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations AC adapter Don t use use power adapter See also adapter power adapter access n v It s OK to use access as a verb when you can t be more specific Even in developer materials consider more precise terms such as og in to Avoid Access the server using an administrator account Preferable Log in to the server using an administrator account Avoid You can access the Internet with your MacBook Air Preferable You can connect to the Internet with your MacBook Air access point Also called a wireless access point A device such as a base station that transmits and receives data in a wireless network See also AirPort acronyms See abbreviations and acronyms action A component of an Automator workflow A workflow is an entire task Each action is a specific part of the task such as opening a new message in Mail action description In Automator the description of the selected workflow action Action pop up menu A pop up menu labeled with a gear and a down arrow in the Finder and in apps for Mac such as Mail Open Quick Look All My Files Arrange By gt Show View Options Show Search Criteria Chapter 2 Style and usage activate deactivate Avoid instead use tur
249. t abbreviations Chapter 2 Style and usage 138 SnapBack Use as an adjective don t use as a verb Correct SnapBack button SnapBack page SnapBack technology Incorrect You can SnapBack to a previously visited page snapshot Use to refer to thumbnail images of people presented by the Faces feature in iPhoto and Aperture You can also use snapshot to refer to photos taken with the Photo Booth app for Mac and iOS Avoid using snapshot to refer generally to a user s photos snapshot usually connotes a photo taken quickly and informally without attention to lighting or composition See also photo so called adj Don t italicize or use quotation marks around terms following so called socket Use to refer to a receptacle with holes that receives a plug or another connector Don t use female connector Compare connector jack port slot SO DIMM Acronym for small outline dual inline memory module Note hyphenation of the acronym See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms soft copy Avoid use a term such as file or electronic document softcover One word software Programs that perform operations on a computer Types of software include application or app software and system software Use software alone if you don t need to refer to a specific type of software Don t use software program Apple periodically releases updates to your computer s software See also app application program system soft
250. the 36 symbol See also Command key protocol When the word is part of the name of a protocol capitalize Protocol Name Binding Protocol NBP File Transfer Protocol FTP When you use protocol as a generic term use lowercase standard Internet protocols Third party products When you refer to protocol names in third party products capitalize according to the third party company s style e Articles Use an article before the spelled out name of the protocol Don t use an article before the abbreviation when it stands alone The Name Binding Protocol resides at the transport layer of the reference model A protocol like NBP resides at the transport layer of the reference model pseudo prefix Close up except before o a proper noun or a proper adjective In those cases use a hyphen pull down adj Note hyphenation To refer to methods of converting film or video frame rates use pulldown See also menus punctuation Punctuation marks should be in the same type style and font as the main body text except for punctuation that belongs to a title in a different font This address called a vector directs program control to a specified destination The second comma isn t italicized See the glossary for the definition of word wrap The period isn t boldfaced See What s New in Final Cut Pro for information about new features The question mark is italicized Note the following Punctuation in cod
251. thernet using fiber optic cable See also Gigabit Ethernet 1000Base T fiber optics n fiber optic adj The adjective isn t hyphenated fiber optic cable Fibre Channel A high speed serial data transmission technology field Use to refer to the boxes that appear in windows dialogs webpages or database records in which users enter information It s not necessary to specify text field or number field but if a field has a name try to use it For example Enter the video timecode in the Current Timecode field Fill in the required fields and then click Checkout For novice users text box or number box may be more appropriate These are OK too but try to be consistent within a document Chapter 2 Style and usage 59 figure captions Use of figure captions varies by department Consult your department guidelines to determine whether to use them Number and title Most figure captions include both a figure number and a figure title Unnumbered figures aren t included in a list of figures and tables A figure with a number must also have a title a figure with a title generally has a number Title length Figure titles should be short and to the point a line and a half should be considered the absolute maximum Capitalization Use sentence style capitalization for figure titles Don t end a title with punctuation even if the figure title is a complete sentence Use articles in captions whenever appropriate Correct The
252. tions iCloud A service for iOS devices and Mac and PC computers that stores users content and keeps it up to date across multiple computers and devices In user materials avoid referring to iCloud as a service simply call it iCloud Capitalize the C in iCloud everywhere except in references to the icloud com website and icloud com email addresses iCloud features iCloud features include the following Back to My Mac Documents in the Cloud Find My Friends Find My iPhone Find My Mac iCloud Backup iCloud Bookmarks iCloud Calendar iCloud Contacts iCloud Mail iCloud Notes iCloud Reminders iCloud Tabs iTunes in the Cloud iTunes Match and Photo Stream Avoid referring to iCloud features as services refer to them as features or simply discuss individual features by name You can turn iCloud features on or off you can also turn iCloud itself on or off Chapter 2 Style and usage 75 Feature names Always refer to iCloud features by their full names iCloud Calendar not Calendar iCloud Reminders not Reminders However when referring to the related app ona Mac or iOS device don t include iCloud in the name When you add a contact in iCloud Contacts your changes are pushed to the Contacts app on your iPad iPhone or iPod touch If you flag a message in iCloud Mail it s also flagged in Mail on your Mac When referring generically to a user s iCloud content such as contacts calendars or email messages use lowerc
253. tions such as ed edu or HED e g Don t use use for example or such as See also abbreviations and acronyms eject trans v Don t use as an intransitive verb Correct The disk drive ejects the disk Correct To eject the disk drag its icon to the Trash Incorrect The disk ejects Eject button The button next to the name of a disk a device or another item listed in the sidebar of Finder windows or in other app windows such as iTunes and iPhoto Compare Media Eject key La electromagnetic interference See EMI ellipsis points Follow these guidelines for using ellipsis points In menus Some menu commands are followed by three unspaced periods ellipsis points to indicate that further action will be required Don t include the ellipsis points when you refer to the command name in text or text headings In text As three spaced periods ellipsis points are used to indicate an incomplete sentence a break in thought or omitted words in a quotation See The Chicago Manual of Style for guidance on these uses The ellipsis character Create the ellipsis character using the key combination Option Semicolon rather than three period characters This ensures that an assistive app can provide the correct interpretation of the character to a user who has a disability email n adj v One word Send an email message to your manager Your manager wants you to email her You can contact Apple by email email address
254. to to zoom in or out You can zoom in by double tapping See also tap n v down arrow Use to refer to the small arrow that you click to decrease a value in a stepper Click the down arrow to decrease the text indent a Text Indent 0 5 in Q See also Down Arrow key stepper Down Arrow key When you refer to arrow keys generically use lowercase but capitalize and use the complete name when you refer to one or more arrow keys by name See also arrow keys download n v downloadable adj One word Use only to refer to user initiated downloads of content You can download music you ve already purchased to all your devices Avoid using download to refer to what iCloud does instead use send push or keep up to date or say that content appears automatically Preferable iCloud sends your new photos to all your devices Avoid iCloud downloads your new photos to all your devices See also iCloud downtime One word dpi Abbreviation for dots per inch n and dot per inch adj See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations The printer provides a resolution of 600 dots per inch dpi it can be upgraded to 1200 dpi The printer provides a 600 dot per inch dpi resolution some printers offer 1200 dpi resolution Chapter 2 Style and usage 50 drag Refers to an action that can be performed on a desktop or portable computer or ona mobile device with a Multi Touch screen
255. tographic images Don t use photograph You can use iPhoto to view edit and share your photos You can also refer to photos as images especially when discussing a photo s appearance or content pictures or shots You can crop a photo to remove parts of the image The image appears darker where the adjustment is applied Taking a picture using a flash can result in red pupils in people s eyes Create a slideshow to showcase your best shots Compare snapshot Photo Stream The iCloud service When referring to the service and to related features such as Shared Photo Streams use initial caps When referring generically to a user s photo stream or shared photo streams use lowercase Turn on Photo Stream in iPhoto or Aperture With Shared Photo Streams you can share your photo stream with only a few people You can add new photos to a shared photo stream at any time Use Photo Stream album to refer specifically to the album where photos are stored on a device or in an app When Photo Stream is turned on every photo you take appears in your Photo Stream album Avoid referring to Photo Stream as an actor instead say that iCloud does things for example iCloud manages your photo stream iCloud updates the photos in your photo stream and so on picker Don t use the term picker in user materials Instead describe what users must do If it s helpful to describe the part of the interface where a task is done you can
256. try Pronunciation When you define an acronym or other term with unusual or unclear pronunciation provide a pronunciation key Use all caps to indicate the stress and hyphens to separate syllables Use quotation marks around the pronunciation key ASCII Acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange pronounced ASK ee Cross references Don t include references to other parts of the document or to other documents a glossary should stand alone However you can add cross references to related glossary terms to provide further information or contrast Ideally cross references are links If not make sure that all cross referenced terms are in your glossary See means that the definition for a term is given elsewhere See also means that additional relevant information is given elsewhere Compare means that a contrasting or complementary term is defined elsewhere Don t say compare with You can also use same as and opposite of for synonyms and antonyms foreground The area of the image between the subject and the camera Compare background See also depth of field Chapter 6 How to write a glossary 189 Alphabetization Alphabetize glossary entries letter by letter not word by word that is ignore spaces colorimeter color interpolation ColorSync color temperature When an entry begins with a numeral or symbol list it at the beginning of the glossary an entry beginning with a symbol comes befo
257. tton iCloud Tabs button Use to refer to the button in the Safari toolbar Compare iCloud button iCloud Tabs button e M EH iCloud Apt Chapter 2 Style and usage 77 icon An icon is a graphic that represents another item such as a file in a Finder window or an album in iPhoto e Icons that don t act like buttons If an element in the user interface looks like an icon displays a picture and doesn t appear three dimensional and doesn t act like a button doesn t initiate an action when clicked always call it an icon For example always call the following items icons ha Hard disk icon Macintosh HD An iPhoto album icon Icons that act like buttons If an element in the user interface looks like an icon displays a picture and doesn t appear three dimensional but acts like a button causes something to happen when clicked you can call it either a button or an icon Unnamed icons If an icon doesn t have a label and there s no established name for the icon consult your editor to determine what to call the icon Use lowercase for the name of the icon To refer to an unnamed icon follow this form the headphone port N See also button icon view A way to display and select items by viewing them as icons for example the icon view in Finder windows You can view items in Finder windows as icons in a list in columns or in Cover Flow Icon View button The leftmost button in the View control in Fi
258. u educational organizations com commercial organizations mil military organizations org nonprofit organizations uk fi networks located in the United Kingdom Finland e Font Use plain text for an Internet address Developer materials use code font In print documents don t underline the address or use quotation marks around it Line breaks Avoid breaking Internet addresses set them on a separate line if necessary e Punctuation If an Internet address ends a sentence it s OK to use a period e References When you refer to a website or page use a generic name for example the Apple website rather than the specific title for example Welcome to Apple because webpage titles change frequently If a reader can figure out how to get to the specific information needed from the homepage of a whole site refer to that page rather than to a specific page because organization of sites frequently changes See also email addresses HTML HTTP URL Internet Message Access Protocol See IMAP Internet Protocol See IP Internet service provider See ISP interrupt OK to use as a noun in developer materials Compare exit force quit quit stop into in to Use in to when in is part of the verb Use into to imply motion to the inside of something Correct Log in to the computer Incorrect Log into the computer Correct Insert the CD into the disc drive See also onto on to plug in v plug into v intra
259. u can also use user manual user s manual or user guide depending on the manual title See the manual that came with your camcorder See your user guide for instructions e Electronic delivery If a manual is delivered electronically for example as a PDF file available from www apple com support don t call the manual an electronic manual simply describe it for the user The manual is available as a PDF file at www apple com support e Cross references To refer to documentation that may be either printed or electronic use documentation See the documentation that came with your computer See also document titles user guide user manual mass storage device No hyphen OK in reference to a hard disk drive tape backup unit DVD drive or CD drive maximize Don t use to refer to an item in the Dock use make active To make an item in the Dock active click the item may can See can might may MB n adj Abbreviation for megabyte MB equals 1000 bytes in the context of file size or disk storage capacity or 1024 bytes in the context of computer memory See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations Noun In the noun form use a space between the numeral and the abbreviation The preposition of is necessary before the unit that the value quantifies 20 MB of memory 500 MB of storage capacity Adjective Don t hyphenate the adjective form a 3 MB L2 cache a 4 MB file C
260. uble layer DVD R SL recordable single layer DVD R SL recordable single layer DVD RAM rewritable DVD ROM read only DVD RW rewritable not DVD R W or DVD RW DVD RW rewritable not DVD R W or DVD RW DVD Video read only Refer to the specific type of disc or drive or use the general term DVD Don t use DVD R DVD RW or any of the other DVD terms as a noun the term must modify another word such as drive or disc For the plural don t use DVD Rs DVD RWs and so on instead use DVD R discs DVD RW discs and so on or simply DVDs Use disc not disk to refer to DVD media DVD drive Not DVD player in reference to a device that s built into or connected to the computer and reads DVD discs DVD player is OK when you refer to a device connected to a television Chapter 2 Style and usage 53 DVI Abbreviation for Digital Visual Interface not Digital Video Interface See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations DVR Abbreviation for digital video recorder Use to refer to a device such as a portable media player or set top box that records digital video to file based media such as a hard disk or an optical disc Don t use DVR when you mean camcorder See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations See also camcorder dynamic random access memory See DRAM E e Short for electronic Hyphenate terms using the short form e commerce e learning Exce
261. ult setting iPhoto provides several book designs with preset fonts and page layouts In some apps preset may be used as a noun to describe a group of related default settings You can choose a preset in the iTunes equalizer to optimize the sound for a specific kind of music See also default n adj press Use to describe the act of pressing and quickly releasing keys on the keyboard and mechanical buttons and switches Don t use click hit push tap or type Don t use press for onscreen items use click or tap Correct Press the Return key Correct Press the power button Incorrect Press a Dock icon until a menu appears Don t use press when you mean hold down unless the sentence makes it clear that the user needs to press continuously Correct Position the pointer over a Dock icon and then hold down the mouse button until a menu appears Correct Position the pointer over a Dock icon and then press the mouse button until a menu appears Incorrect Position the pointer over a Dock icon and then press the mouse button to see a menu It s not clear that the user needs to keep pressing to see the menu Don t say press and drag simply say drag See also click enter hold down tap n v type v print v Not print out printed circuit board Note hyphenation printout n One word print out v Don t use use print print server Two words problem Don t use in phrases such as this is a kn
262. ultimedia A codec compressor decompressor is a method for compressing and decompressing data For example MP3 and H 264 are codecs that reduce the amount of information used to represent audio and video content respectively code file Two words code font A fixed width font such as Courier used to represent code Use code font for the following Text the user is to type In some groups double quotation marks or italics may be used for short words or phrases the user is to type Consult your department s style guidelines e Code listings Small pieces of sample code Computer language elements such as reserved words literals variables and routines e Commands that appear in running text Style any punctuation following a word or phrase in code font as regular body font unless the punctuation mark is part of the computer language element represented or part of something the user is to type Style the spaces that immediately precede or follow text in code font in regular body font If the language with which you re working has a standard style of indentation use it If it doesn t have such a style develop a logical style of your own and use it consistently Develop a method of spacing around punctuation and use it consistently It s often best to use standard spacing one space between a punctuation mark and the next character In user materials don t use code font in any of the following e Part or chapter titles
263. ument file or script A user clicks the link to go to another page or perform an action The term hypertext link is an acceptable synonym Avoid using follow a link use click a link instead Correct Click a link on the homepage to go to another page Incorrect Follow the link to the page of your choice link v OK to use when you describe the act of creating a link on a webpage but don t use link to describe connecting to a webpage Correct When creating a webpage be sure to link to other interesting webpages Incorrect Click the map to link to other pages on the site Lion OS X version 10 7 See also OS X lists Three types of lists are available bulleted multicolumn and numbered Avoid nesting bulleted lists within bulleted lists or numbered lists within numbered lists Also avoid using combinations of numbered and bulleted lists that contain more than a few items In such cases the hierarchy can easily become confusing See also lists bulleted lists multicolumn lists numbered lists bulleted Use a bulleted list when you want to stress the parallelism of a number of options elements rules or instructions that need not be presented or performed in a particular order Introductory punctuation Precede all lists with colons whether the sentence before the colon is a complete thought or a partial thought exception to The Chicago Manual of Style See also colons e Capitalization All list items should
264. und Note capitalization dos and don ts Note apostrophe dot Use dot to describe the character that appears in the close button of a document with unsaved changes and for the characters that appear when a user types a password in a dialog Password eoccccce Use dot not bit when you describe an individual screen pixel See also bit n adj bullet pixel dot matrix n dot matrix adj Note hyphenation of adjective dots per inch See dpi double Hyphenate compound adjectives beginning with double double precision double sided double wide double byte characters Note hyphenation Not 2 byte characters double click n double click v double clicking n v Note hyphenation Small children may have trouble with a double click Adults can double click without difficulty You do this by double clicking the icon On iOS devices users double click not double tap or double press the Home button To view your most recently used apps double click the Home button See also click Chapter 2 Style and usage 49 Double Data Rate See DDR double layer n double layer adj Hyphenate as an adjective but not as a noun double layer disc DVD R DL Double Layer Use lowercase for general references You can burn up to 4 hours of video on a double layer DVD See also DVD double tap n double tap v double tapping n v Note hyphenation A simple double tap lets you zoom in Double tap the pho
265. urn on Chapter 2 Style and usage 123 power on light Note hyphenation PowerPC One word Use PowerPC based computer to refer generally to computers with a PowerPC microprocessor power port Note lowercase power switch OK to use when you re not sure what kind of power control a device has See also power button power up n adj power up v Don t use in user materials use switch on turn on or start up PRAM Acronym for parameter random access memory Pronounced PEA ram See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms pre prefix Usually closed up even when it forms a double vowel except when one element is a proper noun or a date Exception pre order preinstalled preexisting preproduction pre WWDC pre 2013 preface Depending on your department s guidelines you may use a preface to tell the reader about the document to describe conventions such as special notation for example code font and to outline what the reader will find where Discussion of the product itself usually belongs in the document text not in the preface although it s sometimes appropriate to include introductory information about the product in the preface A preface should have a title such as About This Guide or Introduction When you refer to a document s preface use the full preface title See the preface About This Guide If your department template includes the word Preface
266. use a phrase such as in the window in the dialog that appears or similar wording Correct Select a color Correct Select a color in the Colors window Incorrect Select a color in the color picker picture OK to use as a synonym for photo and in standard phrases such as desktop picture and profile picture See also photo PIN Stands for personal identification number When discussing iOS devices use only to refer to the PIN used to unlock a SIM card for example for iPhone See also code passcode Chapter 2 Style and usage 119 pinch v Refers to the act of placing two fingers on a Multi Touch screen or trackpad and then moving them closer together or farther apart Pinch the photo to zoom in or out In most cases you can use just pinch but if you need to describe the motion in more detail you can use pinch open to describe moving the fingers apart and pinch closed for moving the fingers together Note that developer materials use pinch close See also gestures pinout n One word pixel Short for picture element Not synonymous with bit Use dot to describe a single pixel Express pixels using numerals playback n adj play back v Note that the verb is two words player Don t use the with the full name of a product whose name includes Player unless the product name is used as an adjective modifying a noun Correct Use QuickTime Player to view the movie Correct Open the QuickTime Player app Incor
267. ush right centered or justified that is flush on both the left and right margins Compare justification Chapter 2 Style and usage 12 all in one adj Refers to computers with built in displays such as iMac computers Also refers to products that combine functions such as printing faxing scanning and copying allow Avoid using allow when you can restructure a sentence to make the reader the subject Preferable You can create a database with FileMaker Pro Weak FileMaker Pro allows you to create a database See also enable v enabled adj let alphabet column Don t use to refer to the vertical column of letters at the right side of a list in some iOS apps use index alphabetic Not alphabetical except when you refer specifically to alphabetical order Exception to American Heritage alphabetization Alphabetize letter by letter not word by word file format filename file server widget Wi Fi window For detailed information about letter by letter alphabetizing see The Chicago Manual of Style For information about alphabetizing a glossary or an index see Glossary overview on page 187 or Index overview on page 191 alphanumeric One word alternate Don t use when you mean alternative You can shade alternate rows of a table As an alternative to fsck you can use Disk Utility to check the disk for errors alternating current See AC Alt key Don t use except when you give instructions for Window
268. viations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations iMac The names of iMac models can be used with or without an article The iMac makes it easy to set up wireless networking iMac is powerful enough for a design studio production house or science lab image See photo still image IMAP Acronym for Internet Message Access Protocol Pronounced eye map See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out acronyms imbed Don t use use embed iMix An iTunes playlist that users can publish on the iTunes Store Use iMix playlists for the plural form iMovie Don t use iMovie when you mean movie or project Correct To share your movie on Facebook open the iMovie project and choose Share gt Facebook Incorrect To share your iMovie on Facebook open the iMovie and choose Share gt Facebook See also movie Chapter 2 Style and usage 79 Important Use an Important notice to alert the reader to significant potential trouble spots that don t cause bodily injury damage or loss of data Those situations require a Warning notice Use Important notices and other notices sparingly they lose effectiveness if they appear too often Avoid using an Important notice immediately before or after a Note Warning or another Important notice or immediately after a text heading See also Note Warning inbox One word Capitalize only when referring to an onscreen label otherwise use lowercase T
269. ware software development kit See SDK software license agreement Not software licensing agreement Software Update An app and a pane in System Preferences Not Software Updates Software Update Server Don t precede with the Use lowercase for general references host your own software update server software version numbers See version solid state drive Use solid state drive or drive don t use hard drive hard disk drive solid state hard drive or solid state hard disk drive Avoid abbreviating as SSD sound input sound input output sound output n adj Avoid unless it appears in the user interface Use audio input and so on instead See also audio input audio input output audio output n adj soundtrack One word source code Two words source file Two words Space bar Two words Chapter 2 Style and usage 139 space character Not blank or blank character OK to use just space but in many cases it s necessary to remind the user that a space is actually a character and that margins indentation word wrap and page breaks can sometimes be affected by extra space characters or a lack of them Spaces Capitalize only when explicitly referring to the feature You can use Spaces to organize your windows into groups and reduce clutter Use Mission Control to add and delete desktop spaces S PDIF Acronym for Sony Philips Digital Interface Format Don t use S P DIF The acronym is pronounced spid iff so it s
270. x or Torque TOSLINK Note spelling A connector used in optical digital audio cables touch and hold Refers to the act of touching a Multi Touch screen or trackpad and leaving the finger motionless until something happens Don t use tap and hold Touch and hold to see a magnified view then drag to position the insertion point See also gestures touchscreen One word touch tone adj Note hyphenation toward Not towards trackball One word An input device used as a substitute for a mouse track list Two words trackpad One word trademarks credit lines and symbols The name of any trademarked Apple product or service mentioned in a document must appear in the appropriate credit line on the copyright page Categories include registered trademarks trademarks registered service marks and service marks Final Cut Pro is a trademark of Apple Inc registered in the U S and other countries Registered trademark AirDrop is a trademark of Apple Inc Unregistered trademark AppleCare is a service mark of Apple Inc registered in the U S and other countries Registered service mark Apple Consultants Network is a service mark of Apple Inc Unregistered service mark Third party trademarks Some companies have special requirements for the use of their trademarks in Apple documents and for the wording in a trademark notice For a list of those trademarks and their notices see the Special and L
271. xperience problems with your iPod Always include iPod in the name don t use classic mini nano photo shuffle or touch alone Don t capitalize iPod names even in title style headings iPod touch not iPod Touch See also iPad iPhone and iPod devices on page 175 in Chapter 4 Apple product names IrDA Abbreviation for Infrared Data Association See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations Chapter 2 Style and usage 85 ISDN Abbreviation for Integrated Services Digital Network See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations iSight OK to use without an article ISP Abbreviation for Internet service provider not ISP provider See abbreviations and acronyms for guidelines about spelling out abbreviations italics Follow these guidelines for using italics References to titles of discs and titles of documents Italicize the entire title See the iPhone User Guide e Letters as letters words as words and phrases as phrases Italicize the i the o s the word boot the phrase Welcome to OS X But type Q press Command S Emphasis Use italics to emphasize a word or phrase but don t overdo this use of italics Make sure that the power cable is plugged in and that power is available at the outlet Variables in syntax examples Italicize variables Read file var Terms that stand for or define other terms Use italics not quotation marks for
272. y specify arabic numerals Chapter numbering In a document with parts chapter numbering continues uninterrupted from part to part e Cross references In references to specific parts of a document italicize the document title but not the word Part the part number or the part title Enclose the part title in quotation marks Chapter 2 Style and usage 115 passcode One word Use to refer to the code set by a user to lock an iOS device Avoid using to refer to the numeric code generated by a wireless accessory to establish a connection with a computer or an iOS device instead use code See also code passive voice Avoid when possible and use active voice Passive voice is sometimes appropriate and necessary when using the active voice would require highly convoluted sentence structure or excessive anthropomorphism for example but rewrite to avoid passive voice if you can In tutorials a passive construction might be appropriate to avoid miscuing the reader that is when you describe an action that the user isn t supposed to try yet Explanation screen An icon is selected by clicking it User try screen You try it Click the icon passkey Avoid in user materials Use code passcode or password depending on the context See also code passcode password passphrase Avoid in user materials Use passcode or password depending on the context See also passcode password password One word Use to refer to a secure phras
273. you may instead refer to it as the preface preferences When discussing System Preferences in OS X you can shorten the name of each set of system preferences to Preference Name preferences note lowercase preferences as in Accessibility preferences When discussing preferences for any app use lowercase for preferences but always capitalize the name System Preferences Use the Trackpad pane of System Preferences to set the tracking speed Use Sound preferences to change volume settings Use the Sharing pane of iTunes preferences to share your music library prefixes In most cases close up prefixes such as multi non post and pre with the following word Exceptions Compounds that contain proper nouns non Apple Compounds with double i s or double a s anti inflammatory meta analysis Compounds that are homographs or could be misread re cover e Compounds with double prefixes sub subentry e Compounds that contain a compound term non self sustaining See The Chicago Manual of Style for more examples preinstalled preloaded Avoid Say installed loaded included or other wording when possible Chapter 2 Style and usage 124 prepositions It s OK to end a sentence with a preposition especially when rewriting would produce a stiff sounding phrase Correct Play a trailer you re working on Correct Select the playlist you want to add songs to preset n adj May be used as an adjective to describe a defa

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