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Infinity PowerOne Finance 4.2 (21130) for PC

1. Remove the 4 cash flow by selecting the number label 4 and choosing Remove Calculating shows the following answers e NPV 782 91 e IRR 17 38 e NFV 2 754 20 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Included Templates 49 4 1 3 Understanding Cash Flows To further understand the cash flow model here is an example of a timeline Note that inflows of cash are treated as positive amounts designated by a sign and outflows of cash as negative amounts designated by a sign The Cash Flow and Time Value of Money templates both use cash flows The difference is in the entry and interpretation The Time Value of Money template deals with cash flows as annuities Each of these cash flows are the same amount The loan lease and regular deposit examples on the next page are annuity problems solved in the TVM template The Cash Flow template deals with investments where the payment is in varying amounts An example This example shows a typical loan problem where the initial cash flow the loan amount is an inflow Each of the subsequent cash flows payments to the bank are cash outflows Loan Arnount Tm PMT PMT PMT FMT PMT PMI PMT A few items to note e The length between cash flows is the same This denotes that inflows and outflows occur at regular intervals of time e This cash flow begins with an inflow followed by subsequent outflows of cash The cash flow can however b
2. Addition valueA valueB Returns valueA plus valueB Ceiling ceil ceil value Returns the smallest integer gt value i e ceil 4 5 gt 5 ceil 4 5 gt 4 Cube Root 31 cbrt value Returns the cube root of value Division valueA valueB Returns valueA divided by valueB Exponent E value E exponent Used to make value times 10 raised to exponent where exponent is an integer whole number value 10 must lie between 1E 308 and 1E308 inclusive Exponential e 7 exp value Returns e raised to the value power Floor floor floor va ue Returns the largest integer lt value i e floor 4 5 4 floor 4 5 gt 5 Fractional Part fpart fpart value Returns fractional part of value i e fpart 4 5 gt 0 5 fpart 4 5 gt 0 5 fpart 1 0 0 Greatest Common Denominator gcd gcd valueA valueB Returns the greatest common divisor of valueA and valueB where 2 lt valueA valueB lt 2 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Appendix 85 Integer Part ipart ipart value Returns integer whole number part of value i e iPart 4 5 4 iPart 4 5 gt 4 Inverse x value 1 Returns value raised to 1 Least Common Multiple Icm Icm valueA valueB Returns the least common multiple of valueA and valueB where 2 lt valueA valueB lt 2 Logarithm log log value Returns the
3. The Edit menu Function Comments Copy Copy the selected text to the clipboard Paste Paste the selected text from the clipboard to the entry field Help is available by tapping the Windows Start menu in the top left corner of the display and scrolling down to the Help entry at the bottom of the list Windows Computers The menu bar contains standard edit choices calculator settings and application information The File menu Function Comments Options Displays the calculator settings Calculation Log Displays the log of recent calculations Exit Select to exit the application The Edit menu Function Comments Copy Copy the selected text to the clipboard Paste Paste the selected text from the clipboard to the entry field The Help menu Function Comments Contents Application help About Displays company information 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 12 powerOne Finance 2 1 Performing Arithmetic Functions are available either on the screen or from the list displayed when the f x button is selected Select that button to display the list Other buttons function as standard calculator buttons The following sections contain further details Input Mode Entering Numbers Mathematics Parentheses Memory RPN Stack and History List 2 1 1 Input Mode This calculator can be used in stan
4. 02 BasePay 04 leaving out NetIncome gt 1000000 amp amp in the second nested if statement After entering the formula select Save to start the template Calculating answers e Enter 3000 for BasePay e Example 1 enter 0 for NetIncome and calculate NetPay Your net pay is the same as your base pay 3 000 e Example 2 enter 2 000 000 for NetIncome and calculate NetPay Your net pay would be 3 060 e Example 3 enter 10 000 000 for NetIncome and calculate NetPay Your net pay would be 3 120 3 6 4 How the Solver Works The solver uses an iterative method to balance an equation and determine an answer relying on a minimum and maximum guess to bracket the answer An equation is said to be in balance when tabulated the value to the left of the equals sign is the same as the value to the right of the equals sign In its simplest form an iterative solver determines a mid point between a maximum and minimum guess and evaluates the equation at all three points It then decides which two points the equation is between the mid point and minimum guess or mid point and maximum guess and calculates a new mid point based on those two points It continues this cycle until it guesses the right answer While powerOne Finance s solver is more advanced than this it is similar in nature When performing an iterative calculation a Computing dialog appears Guesses made by the solver flash on the screen If the Cancel but
5. Contents I Table of Contents Part A OND Part Il Part Ill O O Aa ON Part IV Getting Started 1 Palm OS oaia a E A dnaiadiaen 2 PocketPC onuran aE AA ENEE a AAAA A AAAA EAA 4 WINGOWS Merea a a ee a a 6 Moving Data between the Handheld and WindOWS ccccceesecccceeeneeeeeenreeeeeeeaneesteemseeneeemensees 8 Using the Calculator 9 P rforming Arithmetic sisicerinsiranniin anaa 12 Input Mode E E E E E A ne Entering NUMDErS i ces ssis s555 dadai srpissss aiasdiescssaiaicnas dikan Dane atasbiascniosssniduas aibsecoin aissuisven ssainiasas aadaciense Adan diaa Esine iaaiaee A Mathematics oi cess scccissesissse acess scscinaase Suess anua addid anan caves uss coves apeniesdtiiand Anadi Gibe atadviande deddejneas aside atn osai iadaa aaier iiai ria iiia 1D Parentheses is cesse scssicescasose cases sseisecin asssslasen costs mont daisi gana ciscaiabacinesiuiasas canad anna aestviasan SOAS ESSR asedaanue acid asasiesssnasnta massada aasia L Memory r A uate aussi ciaty seate vaseioastalsaat vende uweaisekasuseieanssjasae E E A a E E E RPN Stack amp History List i iii cscs tise esiisa esse aaan ante daaa diss Sapka sees ainda case Aapan dian cence esd maid sae stece cece daia stare ia aai 18 Calculator Settings ice cccccccccsasccaccccecic cass amaes 20 Galc lati m OG aiia a ee a E aE E E a geee S a E omctncensseteuest 21 Structure of the Function LiSt ciicciscic dc chick Sia eceecid eect nnmnnn nannu aidedu
6. Statistics 84 89 64 40 57 84 84 84 74 74 60 62 54 40 74 28 52 25 25 25 84 64 64 84 58 89 89 74 74 89 54 31 82 54 74 74 84 84 87 87 87 64 87 stddev stddevp Stock Price Strike Price Subsequent Cash Flows Subtraction Sum of x Sum of x2 Sum X Sum X2 Sum XY Sum Y Sum Y2 sumx sumx2 Supporting Materials SX SY Syncronization Table View tan Tangent tanh Tax Rate Temperature Templates Accessing Beaming Exporting Importing Settings Using time Time 1 Time 2 Time Calculations Time Difference Time Selector Time Sum Time Value of Money Tip Tip Tip Today 59 23 70 37 87 87 57 57 45 84 87 87 64 64 64 64 64 87 87 45 64 64 38 89 89 89 62 68 29 23 28 26 26 25 23 80 70 70 70 70 24 70 74 63 63 63 80 101 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 102 powerOne Finance Total Total Trig Mode Trigonometric Ttl Person TVM Future Value Interest Rate Payment Periods Present Value tvmfv tvmi tvmn tvmpmt tvmpv Two Variable Statistics si Understanding Cash Flows Uniform Series Future Value Uniform Series Present Value Unit USFV USPV var Var Cost Variable Variables Variance Population Sample varp Visible Volatility Volume Windows wkday 45 61 63 61 25 89 63 37 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 64 49 74 74 68 74 74 8
7. Percent Change 40 31 84 31 74 84 87 79 61 45 74 74 51 87 87 82 82 87 45 64 24 45 64 64 87 61 64 31 30 82 45 74 74 1 2 8 61 45 37 84 61 Percent Total Period View Periods Periods Yr Permutations Pft Index PMT Pmt Basis Pmt Timing Pocket PC Polar to Rectangular Conversion Power powerOne Button Precision Present Val Present Value of Lease with Advance Payments and an Option to Buy Price Price Date Probability Profit Profit Margin Put Price PV PY Quantity R radians Radians to Degrees Conversion rand randint Random Integer Random Number Range Range X Range Y Rdmpin Val real Receiving 61 38 37 58 61 37 45 58 87 45 74 52 37 1 4 8 89 64 84 2 25 37 58 40 52 59 60 62 57 87 59 62 57 74 37 58 59 64 74 89 89 87 87 87 87 25 64 64 52 89 28 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Index Reciprocal Rectangular to Polar Conversion Regression Models Retirement Annuity Risk Free Root round Round To Nearest RV S Sales Price Sales Tax Salvage Savings Account SD Sending Sett Date Settings Template Variable Sigma Sigma X Sigma Y Sign Simple Interest sin Sine Single Payment Future Value Single Payment Present Value sinh Skins SL Solver Examples Solving SOYD SPFV SPPV sqrt Square Root Standard Deviation Population Sample
8. e Beam PalmOS only beams the template to another powerOne user e Export exports the template to the desktop e Delete deletes the selected template For more information on using beaming importing and exporting templates read the section on Using the Templates 3 6 3 Solver Examples Constant Acceleration What is the stopping distance for a car traveling 30 meters per second that is decelerating at 5 meters per second Use the following formula velocity i velocity 3 2 acceleration distance Enter the equation as follows Velocity1 2 Velocity0 2 2 Accelrtn Distance After entering the formula select Save to start the template Calculating the answer Key Entry Comments Velocity1 0 Stopped at end of distance VelocityO 30 30 m s at start of distance Accelrtn 5 Slowing at 5 m s 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 32 powerOne Finance Compute the Distance by selecting on its line It will take 90 meters to stop Multiple Answers For the following formula x can be both a positive and negative answer when y is equal to 9 What are the two answers prox 3 Enter the equation as follows y Xx 2 3 After entering the formula select Save to start the template The solver will usually find the positive answer first Enter 9 for y and calculate x The answer will return as 3 46 Next go to Variable Preferences in the Options menu and ch
9. effectiverate and compoundingperiods must be real numbers where compoundingperiods O if compoundingperiods 0 returns the continuous compounding rate Single Payment Future Value SPFV spfv percent periods Returns the future value of a single 1 00 payment periods is the number of payments percent is the interest rate per compounding period expressed as a percentage Equivalent to 1 percent 100 Single Payment Present Value SPPV sppv percent periods Returns the present value of a single 1 00 payment periods is the number of payments percent is the interest rate per compounding period expressed as a percentage Equivalent to 1 1 percent 100 periods TVM Future Value FV tvmfv N 1 PV PMT P Y C Y B Returns the future value TVM Interest Rate IY tvmi N PV PMT FV P Y C Y B Returns the annual interest rate as a percentage 10 instead of 10 TVM Payment PMT tvmpmt N 1 PV FV P Y C Y B Returns the amount of each payment TVM Periods N tvmn PV PMT FV P Y C Y B Returns the number of payment periods TVM Present Value PV tvmpv N 1 PMT FV P Y C Y B Returns the present value 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 78 powerOne Finance Uniform Series Future Value USFV usfv percent periods Returns the future value of a series of 1 00 payments periods is the number of payments percent is the interest ra
10. that value appears in the input Save Cancel The keyed function buttons work similar to those in the main calculator All the functions available in the main calculator screen Lx are available to the input calculator through the f x function list button Entries made in the main calculator are separate function from the input screen except for the memory which provides Button F a simple way of sharing values between the calculator and A7 8 templates all To store the value in the input screen back to the template tap m eo the V or save button ESEJE To return to the template without saving tap the x or cancel maLo i button Data Set Editor Screen Number Column tap to insert clear The cash flow and statistics templates require lists of data delete rows always designated by the variable named Data Set Tapping this field brings up the Data Set Editor Screen a IT Data Viewer table containing one or more rows of data points Amount or Occurences x Column or y Column To enter a data point select a location from a data column To insert remove or clear a data point select the row number in the first column and select Insert Remove or Clear from the popup list The available memory on your device limits how many data points you can enter Use the scroll bar to move up and down Additionally the calculations for these templates may also have a scr
11. 39 Normal Standard Distribution nDist 125 0 125 f x stats nDist 0 55 Percent 15 15 f x math x 0 15 Power of 10 10 4 f x math 10 10 000 Random number f x stats rand Various Reciprocal 1 5 5 f x math 1 x 0 20 Round f x number rnd Rounds number to number of decimal places set in the preferences Show f x number show Shows all available decimal places Square 8 8 f x math x7 64 00 Square root V8 8 f x math x 2 83 Trig Functions sin 30 30 f x trig sin 0 50 Two Variable Functions Multiple two variable math functions are supported including basic math power and percentage change Two Variable Functions Order of Operations amp Chain Mode The following are examples of two variable functions These functions are the same when used in order of operations and chain input modes Operation Example Keystroke Answer Addition 8 3 8 3 11 00 Combinations N 7 r 3 7 nCr 3 35 00 Division 8 3 8 3 2 67 Gee Common Divisor _ gcd of 6 and 46 f x number gcd 4 2 Least Common Multiple Icm Icm of 6 and 4 16 f x number Icm 4 12 Multiplication 8x3 8 x 3 24 00 Percent 15 of 350 1350 x 15 x 52 50 Percent add on 22 95 6 22 95 6 x 24 33 sales tax Percent discount ae less 39 99 10 x 35 99 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Us
12. 4 1 2 Cash Flow The Cash Flow template analyzes financial investments involving outflows and inflows of cash which occur on a regular basis but do not necessarily occur in similar amounts As with other templates the Cash Flow template understands positive numbers to be inflows of cash cash received and negative numbers to be outflows cash paid Note that although the interval between cash flows must be equal the amounts of those cash flows do not have to be the same Cash flows generally involve some initial outflow of cash followed by subsequent inflows over a number of periods For instance an initial outflow designated by location 0 could be followed by various amounts paid back over five periods each period being one year apart Cash flows do not have to be initial outflows followed by inflows either Cash flows could be inflows preceded by outflows or an initial inflow or outflow followed by some mixture of cash flows as well See Understanding Cash Flows for a pictorial explanation of inflows and outflows The Display The cash flow template includes a series of variables e Data Set Data set of cash flow values and their determine the periodic interest rate When calculating an Pft Index 1 Total 12 000 00 corresponding occurrences The 0 cash flow is the initial IT Cash Flow i x cash flow Template Options Help e Intrst Yr Required to perform some cash flow Epke computations the interest per year is entered
13. Backspace 1 One c C C CE 2 Two lt delete gt C CE 3 Three Add 4 Four Subtract 5 Five Multiply 6 Six Divide 7 Seven Equals Enter 8 Eight lt Enter gt Equals Enter lt return gt 9 Nine Lt Paren Decimal Pt Rt Paren n N Sign m M Memory e E Exponent f F Function Button 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Getting Started 7 Templates Keystroke Function Scroll Arrows Scroll through buttons variables in the template lt space gt lt Enter gt Displays the data input screen for the chosen variable c C Calculates the chosen variable if available designated by a in the right hand column v V Displays the variable choices for the currently selected variable if available designated by a box surrounding the variable name Input Calculator Screen In the number input calculator button selections are the same as in the main calculator except for the following Keystroke Function lt Enter gt lt return gt Saves the changes lt Esc gt Cancels changes Time Selector In the time selector use scroll arrows or number buttons to change each the hour minutes seconds and am pm designation Date Selector Keystroke Function lt Page Up gt lt Page Down gt Changes month lt Ctrl gt lt Page Up gt lt Ctrl gt lt Page Down gt Changes year 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 8 powerO
14. D tas Macross Oooh SF vote beere E spion Q Pochet Accest Microcot Distabares E naes Mecrccot Opio vu Fi Syrchewond Fies TeleSol nine Reel sate comment os Sere can disable sychronization between the handheld and desktop versions wisn aan by unchecking the box next to Templates in the Sync Options tab Synchronize not e cewce gock upon connecting 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Getting Started 9 2 Using the Calculator This section discusses the calculator display The display is broken into four sections the template bar across the top the view window the keypad and the menu Each section is outlined below View Window The view window shows both entered and calculated values In addition it shows certain status indicators e Clear displays clear when the current Quick Hit value has been cleared during an arithmetic TEEN Button operation See the section on CE C for more information e Trig Mode displays current trigonometry View mode deg for degrees rad for radians Window e Display Mode displays eng when in engineering display mode sci when in scientific display mode e Input Mode displays the current input Function mode ooo for order of operations chain Button for chain mode and rpn for RPN mode See the section on Calculator Settings for more information e Parentheses displays the number of open levels of parentheses See the sectio
15. Diff Hrs the difference between the two times Diff HMM displays in hour minute format 5 hrs 45mins Tene 1 12 15 00 PM would display as 5 45 Diff Hrs displays as fraction of an Time 2 4 50 00 PM hour Diff H MM 4 35 The bottom section performs time addition calculations ort e e Time starting time H MMSS 5 4500 Sum 9 00 00 PM e HH MMSS HrsFrac time duration HH MMSS displays time in hour minute second format 4hrs 7mins 30sec Clear Done would display as 4 0730 Hrs Frac displays time as a fraction of an hour Template Options Help e Sum the end time 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Included Templates 71 Examples Date Go to the Calendar Date template to compute this problem Vacation begins on October 13 2003 Today is August 18 2003 How many actual days until vacation Variable Enter Comments Tap the Clear button Sets the display to its default values Date 1 8 18 03 Enter August 18 2003 Date 2 10 13 03 Enter October 13 2003 Compute the difference in days by selecting on the Difference line There are 56 days until vacation Time Difference Go to the Calendar Time template to compute this problem When billing time the project began at 12 15pm and concluded at 4 50pm If you bill at 30 per hour how should you bill Variable Enter Comments Tap the Clear button Time 1 12 15pm T
16. EE Oe Depreciation sssini sccciscs siscee wines stieisesia ansin adan boeceitsan dibas asin esatiiands minis bes atau asin misii Aon Sense den ties enki adie ance dania Gianna iarann aaa DA ACRS De preheat ns cscs ce sacs ee ha as cece reece tected a acts oostevo emer OO Black Scholes assis scccisceceissue sisensive sosia mene eve Gnacsitvan Eion dete ansisiandeisnaesstinnlsiien DAH ANEH ana Ssacniteas PAREN Daie HKEE adama ia iiaia ahaa aaia OF Simple Intere S osni e eee ed cad A a a ae E eae OO 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks ll powerOne Finance 2 Business amass Breakeven Discount Markup anasa ida Percent Change sisisi aa tact cscs apace E Aa aea a a aa OL Percent Total siosioina ais eini scdstachasacs geceintans ante entieiovan tects Enan dataa Saka svcsd dens teueatuntaiues ante seced aAa Eiaa aiaa aea ad OT Profit Margin s ssai scccincossisceesisen suse denii enctocoue duassinsian Anion dadu Mbak Dae RANo Enan AEAN DOEN Aeri AEri Canen EERS EKAN cnt MEn eddi rane Eie E aii OL Sales Tax EEIE N E EE E AE E E T E E E E E E T E OL Tip Statistics GOMNVEIrSIONS iiiaae a a a eee Rt eee ie whet ee 68 Galendat csiscitisteicceeta neas asana a aa a a aa a endive a aaa a a a a a 70 Appendix 72 Function Referenco osiinsa iaia E dole a a E eeeiew loa aaee 73 Financial PUNGUONS ssis ccstescecsesece aeann eteina t anirai Vadan san ia iari Eades Eiei daaa as dE dees aaraa Aa kaii ias iS a A CalCulus FUNGOS s sssseiesss
17. Entry Comments Clear Sets the display to its default values Date Basis 30 360 Pmt Basis Semi Annual Sett Date 8 14 96 August 14 1996 Mat Date 11 30 99 November 30 1999 Cpn Rate 13 Rdmpin Val 100 Yield 13 75 Compute the price by selecting on the same line The accrued interest computes automatically The price is 98 01 and the accrued interest is 2 67 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 54 powerOne Finance 4 1 6 Depreciation Depreciation is an important source of revenue reduction in businesses The four most common depreciation methods for book purposes are available straight line declining balance sum of the year s digits and declining balance crossover A separate template provides ACRS depreciation often used for tax purposes The Display There are four types of depreciation calculations that can be performed SL straight line i fT Depreciation m x e DB declining balance Template Options Help e DB xSL declining balance with crossover to straight line Method DB _ _ Cost 80 000 00 e SOYD sum ofthe year s digits Salvage 0 00 To choose a calculation method select one from the pop up ore T list next to the label Method Dep Rate 200 Additional data is as follows Sa Piyes L 333 e Cost the cost to purchase the asset Book Val 62 666 67 Dep Val 62 666 67 e Salvage the assumed value of the asset at the end of the asset s life Clear
18. allowed 4 or 11 registers this includes the view window The default is 4 as similar to the HP calculators See the section on Preferences for more information 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Using the Calculator 19 Other Input Modes In the other input modes a history list of previous computations is available instead of a stack The history list can be accessed by selecting history list from the f x button The last entry in the history list may also be accessed using the last function Last recalls the last computational result 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 20 powerOne Finance 2 2 Calculator Settings The Preferences or Options screen sets preferences for the main and input calculators The templates have their own preferences detailed in the section on Using the Templates Calculator Options x To access the calculator settings go to the main calculator display and then on PalmOS devices choose Preferences Input Mode from the powerOne button or Preferences from the Stack Size 11 Options menu On Pocket PC devices and Windows 7 computers choose Options from the File menu Decimal Setting 2 gt Display Mode Normal Input Mode Deres N Trig Mode Degrees Set the desired input mode by choosing a setting from the popup list There are three possible input modes Programmable Buttons e Order of Op selects order of operat
19. as a Periods Yr percentage For instance 8 25 would be entered as NPV 3 8 25 IRR f NF e Periods Yr Periods per year automatically adjusts the MIRR interest rate When the interest rate is entered as a yearly NUS 1 rate entering a value for periods per year will automatically Payback 3 5 interest rate with IRR or MIRR the reported interest rate will be on a yearly basis the number of periods per year E D entered times the rate Clear Done e NPV The net present value NPV method computes the amount gained or lost on a given investment in today s dollars This uses a market rate of return interest per year to discount cash flows back to the present Assuming an initial cash outflow a positive NPV means the investor s assets would increase and the investment should be attractive A negative NPV means that the investor s assets would decrease and the investment is not attractive If NPV is zero then the investor would probably be neutral to the investment If the initial cash flow is an inflow the reverse would be true e IRR The internal rate of return IRR computes the rate at which the investment pays for itself This can be compared against a desired rate of return If the IRR is greater than a desired rate the investment may be attractive The internal rate of return method does not take interest per year or periods per year into consideration when calculating The internal rate of ret
20. digit entered i e 54 32 becomes 54 3 Tapping the Clear Entry Clear CE C button once clears only the currently entered number Tapping it a second time clears the entire computation 2 1 3 Mathematics Math functions are either one or two variable Two variable math such as add subtract multiply and divide take two variables to compute One variable functions such as square root and reciprocal 1 x need only one variable to calculate Many math functions are visible on the screen Others can be accessed via the f x function button One Variable Functions Multiple one variable math functions are supported including square root x squared and reciprocal These functions use only the value in the main view window For example to calculate the square root of 8 order of operations or chain mode Key Display Comments C CE Tap twice to clear the display 8 8 x 2 83 The following are examples of one variable math functions Operation Example Keystroke Answer Absolute abs 5 5 f x number abs 5 Factorial 5 5 f x stats x 120 00 Last f x number last Recalls the last calculated answer Logarithm log 8 8 f x math log 0 90 Natural anti log or e 2 f x math e 7 39 Exponential 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 16 powerOne Finance Natural Log In 4 4 f x math In 1
21. engineering notation See Calculator Settings for ane details Range Min 1E300 z e Justified show the value left or right justified on the display Mag 1E300 Ei e Visible shows the variable if checked A variable which is hidden Cancel Set All will not be recalculated even if Auto Compute is checked e Global if checked allows the value of the variable to be shared with other templates The equation variable is listed next to the Global check box In some cases this will be different than the displayed variable name shown at the top of the page next to the Variable label For this variable to be with other templates the other templates must contain the equation variable exactly as shown In the example shown checking the Global box and using Interest as a variable name in other equations will share this variable between templates e Range available if the variable requires an iterative search to calculate its value The range is the maximum and minimum starting points for calculation The closer these are the faster and more accurately a value can be derived For more on iterative solving see How the Solver Works 3 3 Exporting Results Template values can be exported to the Memo Pad on PalmOS devices or a text file on Pocket PC devices The file may then be synchronized to the desktop opened and copied to the clipboard or printed directly To use this function enter variables and compute values first O
22. for more information Menus Palm OS Devices Choosing the menu button to the lower left hand corner of the Graffiti input area accesses the menus Standard PalmOS edit choices Graffiti help Preferences and application information can be accessed from here The Edit menu Function Shortcut Comments Copy IC Copies the selected text to the clipboard Paste iP Pastes the selected text from the clipboard to the entry field Graffiti Help IG Help with Graffiti keystrokes The Options menu Function Shortcut Comments Preferences R Displays the calculator preferences Error Help iE Displays information about an error when one occurs Keystroke Help O Displays information about Graffiti keystrokes Beam Easily beam the application with all of its components About Displays company information Copy paste error and keystroke help preferences and the about screen can all be reached from the powerOne button as well 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Using the Calcu lator 11 Pocket PC Devices The menu bar at the bottom of the display contains the menus available while using the calculator Standard edit choices calculator settings and application information can be accessed from here The File menu Function Comments Options Displays the calculator settings Calculation Log Displays the log of recent calculations
23. its default values Cost 580 000 000 Price 724 500 000 Compute the profit margin by selecting on the Margin line The profit margin is 19 94 4 2 7 Sales Tax This template performs sales tax computations F Sales Tax e Before Tax before tax amount Template Options Help o Before Tax 205 00 e Tax Rate tax rate expressed as a percentage For Tax Ra 725 example a 6 tax rate would be entered as 6 After Tax 219 86 e After Tax after tax amount Clear Done 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Included Templates 63 4 2 8 Tip The tip template computes tip total bills and performs bill splitting functions e Bill the bill amount before tip e Tip Tip Tip Tip allows a percentage to be chosen Template Options Help from the pop up list Tip allows a tip percentage to be Bill 45 00 manually entered Tip allows a tip amount to be shown Tip 15 or entered Total 51 75 e Total the total amount including the tip People 4 Ttl Person 12 94 e People the number of people paying for the meal e Ttl Person the total per person split evenly among the Clear Done people paying for the meal The tip computation calculates from the top down In other words to calculate the tip amount it will first attempt to use Bill then Total and finally Ttl Person to calculate It knows to use a value when the variable is not zero I
24. per year lt 100 e NUS interest per year lt 100 e NFV interest per year lt 100 e MIRR interest per year lt 100 no subsequent cash flows all positive or negative cash flows e Payback initial investment 0 e Profitability Index interest per year lt 100 all positive or negative cash flows e IRR all positive or negative cash flows iterative computation with answer outside calculation bounds Calendar Date e Trying to calculating a date that is outside the supported range of January 1 1900 to December 31 3000 Markup Cost or Markup e Calculating Markup when Cost 0 and method is set to of Cost e Calculating Markup when Price 0 and method is set to of Price e Calculating Cost when Markup 100 and method is set to of Cost Discount e Calculating Discount when Price 0 e Calculating Price when Discount 100 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 92 powerOne Finance Breakeven e Calculating quantity when price variable cost Calculating price when quantity 0 e Calculating variable costs when quantity 0 e Tax Rate cannot equal 100 Black Scholes e Strike price cannot be 0 e Expiration Date must be greater than or equal to the Price Date Percent Total e Calculating percent total when total 0 e Calculating total when percent total 0 Markup Price Margin Profit Margin e Calculating markup when price 0 e Calc
25. periods per year equal to 12 discovering that is five years can be done easily by selecting PY Example A good friend has asked for a 90 day loan of 2 500 to get involved with a real estate investment You have agreed to lend him the money at 9 interest calculated on a 360 day basis What amount will be paid back at the end of this period Variable Enter Comments Clear Sets the display to its default values Present Val 2 500 Intrst Yr 9 Periods 90 Periods Yr 360 Compute the future value by selecting on the same line The friend should repay 2 556 25 in 90 days 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Included Templates 59 4 2 Business 4 2 1 Breakeven For any company making a profit is the key to success By analyzing the relationship between revenues and expenses the levels at which a company has to operate in order to break even can be determined Breakeven is the point at which expenses equal revenues Until that point a company is operating at a loss The Display The breakeven display includes a series of variables e Fixed Cost the fixed costs These are costs that are not ig dependent on each unit sold An example is rent whether 0 or 5000 units are sold the rent will always be the same Template Options Help Fixed Cost 500 000 00 Var Cost 115 00 e Var Cost the variable cost per unit These are costs that Frica 245 00 are dep
26. profitability index cfoprof CFAmntList CFFreqList Returns the profitability index of the given cash flow Cash flow total cfotot CFAmntList CFFreqList Returns the sum of the cash flows Depreciation Crossover Book Value depdbslbv C S L M Y R Returns the book value depreciable value salvage value for the asset at the end of the given year Depreciation Crossover Depreciated Amount depdbsida C S L M Y R Returns the amount that the asset depreciated during the given year 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 76 powerOne Finance Depreciation Crossover Depreciated Value depdbsldv C S L M Y R Returns the remaining total depreciable value for the asset at the end of the given year Depreciation Declining Balance Book Value depdbbv C S L M Y R Returns the book value depreciable value salvage value for the asset at the end of the given year Depreciation Declining Balance Depreciated Amount depdbda C S L M Y R Returns the amount that the asset depreciated during the given year Depreciation Declining Balance Depreciated Value depdbdv C S L M Y R Returns the remaining total depreciable value for the asset at the end of the given year Depreciation Straight Line Book Value depslbv C S L M Y Returns the book value depreciable value salvage value for the asset at the end of the given year Depreciation Straight L
27. stove exexissess seaga asa exsis sous catse sine andad sire casieisore cassie ccee sueas euvajextusisoed cates pase sites Aaaama rra taas paskina anae aa O Dat Se Time FU Gti in siss ces sacata cece sceielbccind cect enee sevdeeced saia ia annie debe obec tee acesccsteisesdeleced estes ane reese ainsas sirae iaa a OO LOGIC FUNCTIONS asics scesiccscsiasssidetad E atasaiescniasdtucsed A andstictes dtdua ancdiaseeasseane ruse cucie sasiidssnebe Math Functions 20 sens senne cee sann nera ene Probability amp Statistics FUMCUOMS sirsie tess coed cases nies escce sent aesa avad tees Auei odde cose nssan ccte Add coe mapaa taod Sesi gdni deve cence cs Trigonometric FUNCTIONS ic cases asii sisss cinieiceseiccsinicens satde suas Sresi csaeiscbin ceas diini saab ddein n u ayait inan suede amin Bieu aain pitra aiiai sede aaia aiin aiita OO Error Cases cscsscsssessseesseesnessees Contact Infinity Softworks Legal and Disclaimers s sssninominsrsmnninini naan E a a a Part VI Index 95 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Getting Started 1 1 Getting Started This section helps you get started using your powerOne calculator Input Mode The first time the application is started you are given the choice of which input mode you wish to use If you are not sure which mode you want choose Order of Operations mode this is what most calculators use You can easily change it later see Calculator Settings The Displ
28. template menu on the main screen The coupon is for 10 off the original cost What is the discounted price if the cost is 9 99 Variable Enter Comments Clear Sets the display to its default values Price 9 99 Discount 10 Compute the price by selecting on the same line The sales price is 8 99 4 2 3 Markup This template performs markup computations e Method computation based on price or cost Profit Template Options Help margin computations are based on price percent change Method of Cost computations are based on cost Cost 29 99 Price 37 49 e Cost the cost to manufacture or purchase Markup 25 00 e Price the selling or resale price Clear Done e Markup the markup expressed as a percentage For example an 8 125 change would be entered as 8 125 A positive value represents an increase while a negative one represents a decrease Example To perform this computation choose Markup from the template menu on the main screen The clothing is sold at a 25 markup on cost What is the price if the cost is 29 99 Variable Enter Comments Tap the Clear button Sets the display to its default values Method of Cost Cost 29 99 Markup 25 Compute the price by selecting on the same line The price is 37 49 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Included Templates 61 4 2 4 Percent Change This
29. template performs percentage change computations with one or more compounding periods e Old the old value fT Perc Change e New the new value Template Options Help Old 45 000 000 00 e Change the percentage changed per period For New 115 000 000 00 example an 8 125 change would be entered as 8 125 Change 26 436169974059 A positive value represents an increase while a negative Periods 4 one represents a decrease Clear Done Percent change set to one period and markup as a percentage of cost are identical computations e Periods the number of periods Example To perform this computation choose Percent Change from the template menu on the main screen Over 4 years sales increased from 45 million to 115 million The industry average is 20 increase per year How does your company compare Variable Entry Comments Clear Sets the display to its default values Old 45 000 000 New 115 000 000 Periods 4 Compute the percent change by selecting on the Change line Sales have increased 26 44 per year comparing favorably to the 20 industry pace 4 2 5 Percent Total This template performs percent total computations fT Perc Total e Total the total Template Options Help Total 3 150 000 000 00 Part 724 500 000 00 e Total the percentage of the total For example an Total 23 8 125 change would be entered as 8 125 e Part the port
30. template to compute this problem The exchange rate from US dollars to Japanese yen is 114 25 If you are exchanging 850 how many yen do you have Variable Enter Comments Tap the Clear button Sets the display to its default values Type 1 US Dollars Not used in computation Amount 1 850 Type 2 Yen Not used in computation Rate 114 25 Compute the amount of yen by selecting on the Amount 2 line You would receive 97 122 50 yen 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 70 powerOne Finance 4 5 Calendar Calendar computations include both date and time computations Date Calculations Dates can be computed using an actual calendar year the 30 360 actual 360 or actual 365 day count method Tends Oaa cab e Method the day count method see Template Settings Method Actual Date 1 Mon 8 18 2003 Date 2 Mon 10 13 2003 e Date 1 the date to compute from e Date 2 the date to compute to Difference 56 e Difference the difference in number of days Sia i Time Calculations Times are displayed in either standard am pm or 24 hour format depending on the localized time format set in the device s system settings see your device manual for details The top section of the template performs time difference calculations e Time 1 the beginning time set in increments of 5 minutes e Time 2 the ending time set in increments of 5 minutes e Diff H MM
31. to the menu bar you need to tap the menu button to make the menu bar visible Koma Calci Button Favorites In addition this manual will refer to scroll arrows scroll Button buttons and scroll bars Scroll arrows appear in the lower Menu right hand corner of the screen or inthe pop up list Scroll Button bars appear next to the data to be scrolled In most cases Berrian however scrolling can be achieved using the scroll buttons shown above Setting the Default Calculator Some PalmOS devices have a calculator or favorites button in the Graffiti area as shown above To set a powerOne product as the default which means that it will appear when you hit the button described above e Select the Home button e Select the applications Prefs e Select Buttons from the top right corner pop up list e Change the name of the application next to the calculator or favorites button by choosing it from the pop up list Skins Skins add a personalized look to the main and input calculators Some skins offer a different button layout offering the advanced mathematics functions in drop down lists or giving access to programmable buttons which can be changed in the preferences screen Other skins offer different color schemes To download free skins go to this product s web page at www infinitysw com Installing Skins After downloading a skin from Infinity Softworks web site and synchronizing it to your device s main memory r
32. variable from begin to end by increment Default value for increment is 1 expression and variable are both strings while begin end and increment are numbers Note that the sign of the increment value must correspond to the range represented by begin end ie if begin gt end increment must be negative If there are not an exact number of increments in the range then the last value calculated will be just before the end value eg sigma a 2 a 1 11 3 yields the same result as sigma a 2 a 1 10 3 1 2 442 7 2 10 2 or 166 Sign sign value Returns 1 if value is less than 0 0 if va ueis 0 or 1 otherwise Square Root V sqrt value Returns the square root of value Subtraction valueA valueB Returns valueA minus valueB 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Appendix 87 5 1 6 Probability amp Statistics Functions Probability amp statistics abbreviations e datalist a list containing values for which you wish to calculate the mean etc e occlist a list of the same size as datalist containing the number of occurrencies of each corresponding value in datalist Note that if occlistis not provided for functions that take occlist as an optional argument the function treats each entry in datalist as a single occurrence Combinations nCr ner n r Returns the number of combinations of n taken rat atime n rmust be integer values where 0 lt n r lt 170 Returned
33. view in the top right hand corner Beg Period 1 End Period 12 Compute by selecting next to Beg Balance The principal paid for the first year is 2196 29 This value is negative because it is part of the payment which is a cash outflow 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Included Templates 41 Retirement Annuity With 35 years until retirement and 15 000 in the bank itis time to think about savings How much would have to be put aside at the beginning of each month to reach 2 5 million if an interest rate of 10 can be expected Variable Enter Comments Tap the Clear button Sets the display to its default values Pmt Timing Begin Present Val 15 000 Negative because cash out of hand Future Val 2 500 000 Positive because future cash inflow Intrst Yr 10 0 Periods 420 35 years x 12 periods per year Periods Yr 12 Cmpnds Yr 12 Compute by selecting next to Payment The payment amount is 525 15 It is negative because it is a cash outflow Savings Account With 3 000 in a savings account and 3 75 interest how many months does it take to reach 4 000 Variable Enter Comments Tap the Clear button Sets the display to its default values Pmt Timing End Present Val 3 000 Negative because cash deposit to open account Future Val 4 000 Payment 0 Intrst Yr 3 75 Periods Yr 12 Cmpnds Yr 12 Co
34. which mode by selecting one of the two In radians mode rad will appear in the lower part of the view window otherwise deg will appear note that no trig indicator is displayed in algebraic entry mode Programmable Buttons The calculator has several six on PalmOS devices twelve on Pocket PC amp Windows programmable buttons that may be setto any function or template within the application To set a button tap it to show a pop up list of available functions and templates Select a function from the list and that function is set to the button The available items include functions and all templates To access the template list choose template from the bottom of the list that pops up when you select a button After selecting a template you will be given the option of setting a short name that will appear on the button Default Settings To return the preferences to their default settings choose the Default button next to Done Note that the Input Mode does not change 2 3 Calculation Log fT Calculation Log The calculation log displays computations as they are entered which makes double checking easier 28 013 52 You can view the log by 31 00 903 66 e Palm OS devices tap powerOne on the main calculator and select Calculation Log 903 66 X 27 00 e Pocket PC devices from File on the menu bar of the 24 398 87 main calculator select Calculation Log 24 398 87 e Windows comp
35. zero the more accurate the IRR estimate becomes e NFV The net future value NFV computes the future value of the net present value e MIRR The modified internal rate of return MIRR is an alternative for IRR when there is more than one sign change When IRR has multiple sign changes IRR can have more than one answer MIRR eliminates sign changes by using reinvestment and borrowing interest rates instead the Cash Flow template assumes these rates are the same e NUS The net uniform series NUS performs computations by taking the net present value of the cash flows if they are even and regular e Payback The payback method tells at which period an initial investment will be paid back If there is no payback the reported answer is 0 The payback method does not take interest per year or periods per year into consideration when calculating e Pft Index The profitability index also known as the benefit cost ratio shows the relative profitability of any cash flow problem dividing the present value of the inflows by the present value of the outflows e Total The total is the sum of the cash flows Data Entry Solving Cash Flow problems requires three pieces of information This section covers those three parts the initial investment subsequent cash flows and supporting materials Initial Investment To enter an initial investment tap on the Data Set variable to bring up the data editor Select Amount for cash flow numb
36. 3 3 ENT 3 00 30 00 8 5 8 5 ENT 8 50 x 255 00 Note the same answer can be derived by entering 8 5 3 and 27 then adding and finally multiplying 2 1 2 Entering Numbers To enter a number tap the corresponding keypad button 0 9 decimal point or sign To enter 356 96 for instance do the following Key Display Comments C CE 0 Tap twice to clear the display 3 3 5 35 6 356 Or 356 Depends on the number format 9 356 9 6 356 96 356 96 The decimal point can either be displayed as a period or as a comma This depends on the number format mode used See your Palm device owner s manual for more details The following are number entry functions Operation Example Comments Number 0 9 Number pad items Decimal point Torn Depends on the number format Sign Exponent e or EE Exponential notation 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Using the Calculator 15 To enter a number in Exponential Notation enter the mantissa then enter the exponent For example to enter 1 29e 54 do the following Key Display Comments C CE 0 Tap twice to clear the display 1 29 1 29 EE 1 29e Tap f x then number and then EE 1 29e 54 1 29e 54 1 29e 54 The Backspace button allows for editing of numbers as they are entered Tapping this button removes the last
37. 7 59 25 30 87 87 87 87 25 57 68 1 6 80 64 64 82 64 74 64 54 52 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks
38. Done e Life the length of time the asset will be in service e Month 1 the first month the asset will be placed in service where January is 1 and December is 12 Entering 6 5 for example means the asset was placed into service half way through the sixth month approximately June 15 e Dep Rate the declining balance rate This is used in DB and DB x SL calculations This is entered asa percentage For example 200 declining is entered as 200 e Year year to calculate depreciation Because an asset can begin depreciation on a date other than the first of the year the calendar life may be greater than the amount entered for Asset Life For instance if an asset is expected to have a useful life of 3 years beginning in March the third month the last calendar year is actually the fourth year Year Year 2 Years Year 4 3 Year Asset Life 4 Calculation Methods The straight line SL method depreciates the same amount every year of the asset s life The declining balance DB method depreciates more in the first few year s of the assets life than in the later years This method along with the DB x SL method uses the declining balance rate to calculate the depreciation value The declining balance cross straight line DB x SL method is often used for tax purposes In this instance the declining balance method is used until the optimal time to switch to the straight line method The calculator 1997 2003 In
39. Dup duplicates the beginning period in the ending period i Newt Ba ie Dup 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 40 powerOne Finance 4 1 1 2 Examples Car Loan When purchasing a new car the auto dealer has offered a 12 5 interest rate over 36 months on a 7 500 loan What will be the monthly payment Variable Enter Comments Tap the Clear button Sets the display to its default values Pmt Timing End Loan pmt s are at the end of the period Present Val 7500 Intrst Yr 12 5 Periods 36 3 years at 12 periods per year Periods Yr 12 Cmpnds Yr 12 Compute payment by selecting on the Payment line The payment will be 250 90 It is negative because it is a cash outflow Car Loan Amortization 1 How much interest was paid for the first payment Assumes you are currently in the TVM template Button Control Enter Comments Amort Goes to the amortization template Interest Choose Interest from the data display 1 or 2 pop up list Interest for the first period is 78 13 This is negative because itis part of the payment which is a cash outflow Car Loan Amortization 2 How much principal was paid for the first year if the car was purchased in January Assumes you are currently in the TVM template Variable Enter Comments Amort Goes to the amortization template Period Select the amortization
40. EE Stack stack Logarithm log Pi constant equal to 3 14159 Power of 10 10 Left Parenthesis Anti Log e Right Parenthesis 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Using the Calculator 23 3 Using the Templates Templates are used to perform financial conversion date and statistics computations This section details their general use See the section on each template for details on that specific computation Finally see the appendix for information on errors Accessing the Templates To access a template choose a category from the template bar in the top right hand corner of the display This list scrolls right and left with the scroll arrows For faster access choose the template quick hit button to the right of the template bar This will list all template categories within the application Template Layout All templates are similar in nature Label Evaluate Column Column e Each template has a Clear button on Pocket PC this is the C icon in the menu bar which sets the data back to its default values e Each template has notes explaining how the it Tempjate Options Help is used The notes are accessed through the i Selelctable icon on Pocket PC this is the i icon in the Label menu bar e To exit the template select Done or OK TtiPerson Do0 e The templates contain a menu allowing values to be exporte
41. Finance e Power uses In X and In Y In addition the correlation coefficient r measures the closeness of the fit The closer r is to 1 or 1 the better the fit The closer ris to 0 the worse the fit Examples One Variable Statistics When analyzing your electricity prices you noted over the past six months the bills were 60 75 150 185 165 and 95 What is the mean and standard deviation of the bills Variable Entry Comments Clear Sets the display to its default values Data Set Opens the data editor Enter the bill amounts into the data editor Occurrences _h 60 1 75 1 150 1 185 1 165 1 0 oy A w N 95 1 Tap Save to save the data and return to the statistics template The statistical values are automatically calculated the mean is 121 67 and the population standard deviation is 47 23 Two Variable Statistics Your company has five sales offices around the world and is thinking of adding a sixth The president of the company wants to know if there is a correlation between the number of salespersons at a branch and the volume of sales per month What volume of sales can be expected at the new sixth branch if it has 10 sales people Site Number Sales Sales per month People 1 38 200 000 2 113 237 250 S Me 397 500 4 18 427 590 Se ie 242 820 1997 2003
42. Infinity Softworks Included Templates 67 Variable Enter Comments Clear Sets the display to its default values Method Linear Select the regression method Data Set Opens the data editor Enter the number of sales people and sales into the data editor x y 1 8 200 000 2 13 237 250 3 15 397 500 4 18 427 590 5 12 242 820 Tap Save to return to the statistics template After the statistical values have been recalculated scroll down to the bottom of the template and enter 10 for X and compute Y Sales can be expected to be approximately 219 916 79 The number of salespersons seems to affect revenue This is known because the correlation coefficient R is approximately 0 91 the closer to 1 or 1 the better 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 68 powerOne Finance 4 4 Conversions There is built in support for seven kinds of conversions area currency length mass volume and temperature Area length mass volume and temperature are unit conversions Unit Unit conversions include area length mass volume and temperature computations Each screen appears the same F Length with only a variation in the units to convert The area conversion template is shown as an example Template Options Help Type 1 Meters e Type 1 the unit type to convert from Amount 1 25 i Type 2 Feet e Amount 1 the amount o
43. Returns true if either but not both of valueA and valueB false Greater Than gt valueA gt valueB Returns true if valueA gt valueB Greater Than or Equal To gt valueA gt valueB Returns true if valueA gt valueB If boolean doiftrue doiffalse if boolean expressionA expressionB If boolean is true evaluate expressionA otherwise evaluate expressionB e g if A lt 0 sqrt A sqrt A returns the square root of the absolute value of A Less Than lt valueA lt valueB Returns true if valueA lt valueB Less Than or Equal To lt valueA lt valueB Returns true if valueA lt valueB 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Appendix 83 Not valueA Returns false if value false Not Equal valueA lt gt valueB or valueA valueB Returns true if valueA valueB Or valueA valueB Returns true if valueA or valueB false Solving solving Returns a string containing the name of the variable currently being solved for e g if solving valueA valueB valueC 5 valueA valueA will return valueB valueC when calculating va ueA and 5 when calculating va ueB or valueC Note the Auto compute template setting should be turned off if the template uses this function 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 84 powerOne Finance 5 1 5 Math Functions Absolute Value abs abs valueA Returns absolute value of valueA
44. ance is copyright 1997 2003 powerOne is trademark Infinity Softworks Inc All rights reserved All other trademarks and registered trademarks are property of their respective owners The powerOne Finance calculator does not support system find functionality 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Index 6 Index The index is your guide to key words throughout the manual It starts on the next page 95 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks EE powerOne Finance People amp amp 30 360 84 82 82 63 84 82 84 84 82 84 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 70 A abs Absolute Value Acc Interest Accessing Custom Templates acos acosh ACRS ACRS Depreciation ActiveSync actual 360 actual 365 Addition adjdate adjtime Adjust Date Adjust Time After Tax Amort Amortization And angle APR of a Loan with Fees Arc cosine Arc sine Arc tangent Area asin asinh atan atanh Auto Compute B Balance Beam Before Tax Beginning Balance Bill Bi Weekly Mortgage Payments Black Scholes Bond Accrued Interest 64 84 89 84 52 31 89 89 56 56 70 70 84 80 80 80 80 62 37 38 74 82 89 40 89 89 89 68 89 89 89 89 25 64 74 38 31 62 38 63 40 57 74 74 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks EE Index Bond 74 Choose 82 Price 74 Cmpnds Yr 37 51 Yield 74 Combinations 87 bonda 74 Constant Acceleration 31 bondp 74 Co
45. ange the Variable pop up list to x Under Range enter 0 for the maximum value Recalculating x will give an answer of 3 46 Home Loan What is the principal and interest payment on a 30 year 225 000 mortgage with 7 interest assume monthly payments Use the calculator s financial function tvmpmt to calculate an answer Enter the equation as follows Payment tvmpmt Years 12 IntRate Mortgage 0 12 12 0 To break down the formula e Payment payment amount negative because a pay out of cash e Years 12 number of periods assuming monthly payments e IntRate interest rate entered as a percentage e Mortgage amount of the mortgage e 0 12 12 0 from left to right the future value is 0 12 payments per year 12 compounding periods per year and payments are made at the end of the period designated by 0 beginning designated by a 1 After entering the formula select Save to start the template Calculating the answer Key Entry Comments Years 30 30 year loan IntRate 7 7 interest rate Mortgage 225000 225 000 mortgage Compute the Payment by selecting on its line The monthly payment for principal and interest is 1 496 93 If Statements Many company s use profit sharing formulas as an incentive to boost pay and drive higher corporate net income In this example the following relationships are established for profit sharing e f net income is less than or equal to 1 million ther
46. ation abbreviation C Cost S Salvage value L Life M First month 1 is January 12 is December Y Year to calculate R Depreciation Rate expressed as a percentage Bond Accrued Interest bonda SD MD C Y CR Returns the accumulated interest of a bond Bond Price bondp SD MD C Y CR RV Y Returns the price of a bond Bond Yield bondy SD MD C Y CR RV P Returns the yield of a bond expressed as a percentage 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Appendix 75 Cash flow count cfocount CFAmntList CFFregList Returns the total number of periods in the given cash flow Cash flow internal rate of return cfoirr CFAmnitList CFFreqList Returns the internal rate of return for the given cash flow Cash flow net future value cfonfv 1 CFAmntList CFFreqList Returns the net future value of the given cash flow Cash flow modified internal rate of return cfomirr 1 CFAmntList CFFregList Returns the modified internal rate of return of the given cash flow Cash flow net present value cfonpv CFAmnitList CFFreqLis Returns the net present value of the given cash flow Cash flow net uniform series value cfonus CFAmnitList CFFreqList Returns the net uniform series value of the given cash flow Cash flow payback cfopbk CFAmntList CFFregList Returns the number of the period when initial investment will be paid back Cash flow
47. ays There are two main displays the calculator and the templates Additionally several types of input screens are used to enter numeric date or time values into the templates The templates perform business conversion and statistics computations working with the input screen to enter variables and perform calculations Number Ranges Entry of numbers with up to 12 decimal places and 14 digits is allowed Numbers larger than this will display in scientific notation e g 1 234e13 Numbers may be entered and displayed in normal scientific notation or engineering notation Long Calculations Depending on the speed of your device and the complexity of the calculation some calculations may take a few seconds to complete Generally in such cases a dialog box containing Calculating with a Cancel button will be shown You can stop the calculation by tapping and holding the cancel button The following sections contain further details about using the application on specific operating systems e PalmOS e Pocket PC e Windows 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 2 powerOne Finance 1 1 Palm OS This section of the manual describes features of the software that are specific to Palm OS devices powerOne powerOne Button Button The powerOne button in the top left corner of the display offers access to logging functions online help product information and calculator preferences If the manual refers
48. base 10 logarithm of value Maximum max max valueA valueB Returns the larger of valueA and valueB max valuelist Returns the largest value in the list valuelist Minimum min min valueA valueB Returns the smaller of valueA and valueB min valuelist Returns the smallest value in the list va uelist Modulo Division mod mod valueA valueB Returns remainder of va ueA divided by valueB Multiplication x valueA valueB Returns valueA times valueB Natural Logarithm In In value Returns the natural logarithm of value Percent valueA valueA valueB valueA valueB valueA valueB valueA valueB Returns valueA 100 Returns valueA valueA valueB 100 Returns valueA valueA valueB 100 Returns valueA valueB 100 Returns valueA valueB 100 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 86 powerOne Finance Power y valueA valueB Returns valueA raised to valueB Reciprocal 1 x 1 value Returns 1 divided by value Root root y x Returns x root of y Round To Nearest round round valueA decimals Returns valueA rounded to decimals where decimals may be a whole number that fulfills 0 lt decimals lt 10 e g round 4 05 1 gt 4 1 roundl 4 049 1 4 0 Sigma sigma expression variable begin end incremenf Returns sum of values created by evaluating expression with regard to
49. ch operation is evaluated as itis entered To perform a computation enter alternating values and functions ending with an equals to calculate To calculate 27 3 x 8 5 Key Display Comments C CE 0 Tap twice to clear the display 27 27 27 00 3 3 30 00 8 5 8 5 255 00 i e 27 3 00930 8 5 225 RPN Input Mode This is the input mode commonly used by financial calculators and some engineering calculators RPN input mode uses a chain of values and then a chain of operations to perform the computations This mode utilizes a stack which stores numerical entries The stack works like a pile of dishes Entering a number is like putting a plate on top of the pile This is called pushing onto the stack To push a variable enter the number then press ENT Enter Performing a calculation is like taking a plate off the pile of dishes This is called popping off of the stack To do this press a two variable function When a calculation is performed the number at the top of the stack is the first operand while the number in the visible view window is the second The stack can be viewed at any time by selecting the stack function See the section on RPN Stack and History List for more details 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 14 powerOne Finance To calculate 27 3 x 8 5 Key Display Comments C CE Tap twice to clear the display 27 27 ENT 27 00
50. cs problem data must be entered in the first line of the template marked Data Set Data Set View Tapping the Data Set field in the statistics template brings up the data set view from left to right the columns are e Number the statistics number The number of values that may be entered is limited by the available memory on the device e x the statistic s x value When method is set to one variable e Occurrences the number of occurrences When using the other methods e y the statistic s y value For more on data entry see Using the Templates Whenever the data set is saved the statistics template is updated and all values recalculated to reflect any changes in the data set Regression Models ig Data Yiewer 200 000 237 250 397 500 427 590 242 820 Four different regression models are available for determining the best fit for curves and forecasting The X value is considered the independent variable while the Y variable is the dependent one The formulas used are as follows Model Formula Restrictions Linear Y a b X None Logarithmic Y a b In X All X values gt 0 Exponential Y a b All Y values gt 0 Power Y a X All X and Y values gt 0 The results are calculated using the following values e Linear uses X and Y e Logarithmic uses In X and Y e Exponential uses X and In Y 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 66 powerOne
51. csdnesneee 22 Using the Templates 23 Entering Data soroan R REAA te ccte el E eee etter eee cote 24 Template amp Variable Settings 2 ccs ccc cecteeneeeeeeeeeeene sens eaeeeareeeeeeceacaeeear seer eeaneaeanenaeeeeeeseneaanene 25 Exporting Results nue sa ccna cnccsen sei cen i ina ne a cece ween eet eee eee tne ere ne ete ne eee ee ee eee eee eee 26 Exporting amp Importing Templates 22 ccc ccete cee cece ener eeeeeeeee cer eeeneeeeeeaeseereeaeeeeeaeaneeereeaneeessaeeeee 26 Beaming Templates 2 ccccccteeccecteecereeceenereecne sare ARE ana E a AAA a N 28 Creating Templates m as eed eee ie tee a E eesti eens a E 29 Equations with the Solver sisir niiae sch Seece cent cuted esau cae nite cused cannons ener a a ti cats tance OO Accessing Custom Templates sia seccasesicacecessaicess cece dete ei aaia ae ia Ol Solver Example S cases acs sea ds aces deat cek deste este eae cet ete cam a a a E eae ce How the Solver WOrkS isis miinaa eaaa aoa shor aare Da aia neaei eaten cote dai aae maa Eaa ai OS Included Templates 35 Financ asiasia E a a a a aa a a a 37 Amortization A a a NA A Aa a 38 SE E E R E E A E T E ERE A TET 40 Cash Flow shades bed A A E E A A E A A AO Understanding Cashi FIOWS sisses cai cee sdsce cdcwiccate cate seeceicese aa cei aces cadet detec vets ES aa ar a a a AQ Interest Conversion caicceiaisese Setesasce snaa a cede aAa EE EEEn EEKE a aeaio ea a Na aches cscs cnet cece a a OM Bonds a A E E E E E A A EE E E E
52. d and the settings to be changed See Template amp Variable Settings for details Clear Done Templates contain data in a columnar form as Variable follows Column The first or label column contains the names of the variables The second column contains the current value of the variable To enter a value tap on the value column and enter itin the input screen The third or evaluate column contains buttons next to variables that can be calculated To compute a value tap the button next to the variable to be computed Some templates offer multiple methods of looking at the same variable In such cases a box appears around the variable s label For example in the Tip template shown above the tip can either be an amount Tip a percentage selected from a pop up list Tip or a manually entered percentage Tip 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 4 powerOne Finance 3 1 Entering Data In the templates values are entered using the number input screen data editor screen date selector or time selector depending on the type of data requested The date and time selectors are standard to the operating system on your device used in applications such as the calendar and to do list The number input and data selector screens are native to the powerOne line of calculators Number Input Screen The number input screen is used to enter numerical values in the templates When a value is selected
53. dard or order of operations mode chain or Reverse Polish Notation RPN input mode The input mode affects how calculations containing two variable functions are evaluated Order of Operations Input Mode This is the input mode used by many scientific calculators In this input mode the calculator obeys what is called the order of operations whereby each two variable operation is assigned a priority as follows single variable operations are performed immediately The following chart outlines precedence Order Function 1 Negative x Powers and roots Multiplication division and percentages Addition and subtraction Relationship operations gt lt oO oO A O N Logic or boolean operations or and 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Using the Calcu lator To perform a computation enter alternating values and functions ending by tapping equals to calculate To calculate 27 3 x 8 5 Key Display Comments C CE 0 Tap twice to clear the display 27 27 27 00 3 3 8 5 8 5 52 5 i e 27 3x 8 5 13 The number of decimal places displayed depends on the decimal setting See the section on Calculator Settings page 15 for more information Chain Input Mode This is the input mode used by many business calculators In this input mode math is performed by alternating chains of values and operations ea
54. e a through z and numbers 0 through 9 with a maximum of 11 characters The variable cannot start with a number In the above inflation equation FutureVal PresentVal Inflation and Years are all variables Any number of variables can be handle in an individual equation Note that the percentage symbol is a mathematical symbol and cannot be used inthe name of a variable The built in templates are able to use a label to represent the variable in the template view and the label is not subject to the same restrictions as a variable s name Constants these are values that do not change In the above example the number 1 is a constant Do not use digit separators such as commas or spaces For decimal separators use the setting defined in the system s Prefs view and indicated as the decimal separator button either point or comma Use the keypad to enter these Operators mathematical symbols such as etc Functions allows for more advanced mathematical capabilities which are built into the calculator These include math functions such as square root and finance functions such as TVM payment Some functions are available via the function button labeled f x while other can only be entered with Graffiti strokes Fora definition of each available function see the Function Reference Additional notes on entering equations The solver follows order of operations precedence To override order of operations or in cases
55. e Display The Black Scholes template includes a series of variables e Stock Price Current stock price e Strike Price Option strike price il Black Scholes Template Options Help Stock Price 52 25 e Risk Free Risk free interest rate as a percentage e Volatility Stock volatility either implied or historical as a Edaina 55 00 ISK Free o Pood Volatility 20 e Price Date Date of the stock s price Price Date ved 10 17 2001 Expire Date Fri 3 29 2002 e Expire Date Expiration date of the option The time to Call Price 2 12 expire is calculated using the price date and expiration Put Price 3 66 date e Call Price Resulting call price Clear Done e Put Price Resulting put price Example Company ABC s stock is priced at 52 25 on October 17 2001 The stock price historically has shown 20 swings in pricing Treasury bills are yielding 5 interest What would be the normally expected price of a put or call at the 55 strike that expires on March 29 2002 Key Enter Comments Clear Sets the display to its default values Stock Price 52 25 Strike Price 55 00 Risk Free 5 Price of a U S T bill Volatility 20 Price Date 10 17 01 October 17 2001 Expire Date 3 29 02 March 29 2002 Compute the price by selecting next to Call Price The Call Price is 2 12 while the Put Price is 3 66 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 58 powerOne Fi
56. e is no profit sharing 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Using the Templates 33 e f net income is greater than 1 million but less than or equal to 5 million profit sharing is 2 of monthly pay e f net income is greater than 5 million profit sharing is 4 of monthly pay If your monthly base pay is 3000 what is your net pay with profit sharing Enter the equation as follows NetPay BasePay if NetIncome lt 1000000 0 if NetIncome gt 1000000 amp amp NetIncome lt 5000000 BasePay 02 BasePay 04 To break down the formula e There are two if statements the second nested inside the first e The format for if statements is if conditional true do this otherwise do this e The first if statement says if net income is less than or equal to lt 1 000 000 add 0 otherwise do the second if statement e The second if statement says if net income is greater than gt 1 000 000 and amp amp net income is less than or equal to lt 5 000 000 then add in 2 of the base pay If it doesn t meet this condition than net income must be larger since we took care of all other conditions Add in 4 of base pay instead e Note that nested if statements read from left to right If the first criteria is true the solver will not continue to the false statement Because of that the formula could be written as NetPay BasePay if NetIncome lt 1000000 0 if NetIncome lt 5000000 BasePay
57. e sure it is connected to the PC Use the Explore icon on Microsoft ActiveSync to find the exported template file on the device and copy it to the desktop computer Importing Place the device in the cradle and make sure it is connected to the PC Click the Explore icon on Microsoft ActiveSync to open the file explorer view of the device and copy the template file from the desktop computer onto the device Start the powerOne application on your Pocket PC device select My Templates from the Solver category Select Import from the menu bar Use the dialog to navigate to the file that you installed and then select it to complete the template set installation process Windows Computers Exporting Once exported the file can be accessed from the appropriate Windows folder Importing From within the powerOne application select My Templates from the Solver category Select Import from the menu bar Use the dialog to navigate to the file that you want to install install and then select it to complete the installation process 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 28 powerOne Finance 3 5 Beaming Templates Templates can be beamed using infrared connections to another user the other user must have an appropriate powerOne product to use the template but does not have to be using the same device type In addition all the templates in the current template s category may be beamed Note that
58. egin with an outflow and be followed by subsequent inflows of cash Furthermore there can be mixed inflows and outflows of cash e The payment amounts are the same length meaning that each payment is the same amount This could differ for Cash Flow template problems as explained above because of the possibility for varying sized cash flows Assume that at the end of the series of cash flows there was some larger payment called a balloon payment to pay off this loan because the last cash flow is longer than the others All cash flow problems can be represented in this fashion with cash inflows and outflows viewed over some time period The following are examples of other types of cash flow or TVM problems Examples Leases PMTPMT PMT PMT PMT PMT PMT PMT Ft tt a Initial Market Wahie Investment with regular deposits 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 50 powerOne Finance Future Valhe DEP DEP DEP DEP DEP DEP Initial Deposit Cash flow with one sign change CF CF CF CF CF CF 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Included Templates 51 4 1 4 Interest Conversion Comparing interest rates may be necessary when two investment possibilities present themselves Investments are usually stated in terms of an annual nominal interest rate or annual percentage rate but each investment often has a different number of compounding periods per year To compare these investments the int
59. elect a Category and Save Choose a category on the template bar All of the built in categories appear in the list but you can also create anew category on the Palm OS by choosing Edit Categories on Pocket PC devices by just entering a new category name 15 custom categories can be created They will appear after the built in categories on the template bar For the example choose the Business category from the category pop up list When entry is complete tapping Done saves the changes and returns to the main calculator Goto brings up the new template and Cancel throws away any changes Select Goto Step 4 Use the Template From this point on the template acts like all other templates See the section on Using the Templates for more information on using and sharing your created templates 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 30 powerOne Finance To complete the example the following problem can be solved Inflation What is the purchasing power of 5 000 after 5 years if the inflation rate is 4 Variable Entry Comments Clear Clears the display PresentVal 5000 Inflation 4 Years 5 Compute by selecting next to FutureVal The future value is 4 109 64 3 6 1 Equations with the Solver An equation is made of four components Variables the names of items that are either stored or calculated These variables must consist of letters capital or lower cas
60. endent on each unit sold For instance shipping ia jones 2 costs do not occur unless a unit is sold Quantity 3 846 153846154 e Price the price per unit This is the price at which the product is sold Clear Done e Tax Rate applicable tax rate as a percentage e Profit the amount of profit determined or expected Positive values are profits while negative ones are losses e Quantity the number of units sold Example A startup company has 500 000 in operating expenses every month It is introducing its first product which costs 115 to produce This product will sell to distributors for 245 per unit Its tax rate is 40 How many units must the company sell every month to cover its costs break even Variable Entry Comments Clear Sets the display to its default values Fixed Cost 500 000 Var Cost 115 Price 245 Tax Rate 40 Profit 0 Compute the quantity by selecting on the same line The company needs to sell 3 847 units per month 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 60 powerOne Finance 4 2 2 Discount This template performs discount computations e Price current price Template Options Help ene Price 9 99 e Sales Price sales price PETT e Discount percentage discount For example a 30 Discount 10 00 discount would be entered as 30 ua ion Example To perform this computation choose Discount from the
61. er 0 and enter the amount Remember that outflows are negative numbers while inflows are positive ones Make sure that the value for Occurrences is 1 Subsequent Cash Flows Subsequent cash flows are entered after the initial investment Supporting Materials Supporting materials include interest per year Intrst Yr and periods per year Periods Yr Interest per year should be entered as a yearly interest rate The Cash Flow template automatically changes this to a per period rate based on the value of Periods Yr For example if the expected or industry interest rate is at 12 25 enter 12 25 Calculations To calculate a cash flow variable select next to the variable 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Included Templates 47 Examples Cash Flow Estimates Your company is looking to buy a new piece of equipment to help it increase manufacturing capacity to meet demands for its largest product The managers are wondering what the return would be if the equipment was purchased for 8 000 You can expect at least a 15 return on the investment elsewhere and are counting on the following yearly cash flows Year 1 2 000 Years 2 3 3 000 each year Years 4 6 4 000 each year What are each of the cash flow computations for comparison Variable Entry Comments Clear Sets the display to its default values Data Set Opens the data editor Enter the cash flow items into the data edi
62. erest rates must first be converted to an annual effective interest rate The Display e Method conversion method either continuous or periodic iter 5 x With periodic interest conversion there is a set number of compounding periods per year such as quarterly 4 times per year monthly 12 or yearly 1 With continuous Par Periode compounding there is no set number of periods per year Effective 10 20 Template Options Help Cmpnds yr 12 a percentage For example 8 25 is entered as 8 25 Gian Bose e Nominal the annual nominal interest rate expressed as e Effective the annual effective interest rate expressed as a percentage For example 8 25 is entered as 8 25 e Cmpnds Yr the number of compounding periods per year For example if interest is compounded quarterly this value would be set to 4 Compounding periods per year is available only when the method is set to periodic Example You are presented with two competing investments The first is compounded monthly with a nominal interest rate of 9 75 The other pays at an effective interest rate of 10 Which investment has a better interest rate Variable Enter Comments Clear Sets the display to its default values Method Periodic Nominal 9 75 Cmpnds Yr 12 Compute the effective rate by selecting on the same line The first investment s effective rate is 10 20 It has the bet
63. f Bill is O for example it will use Total Examples Tip Calculation 1 To perform this computation choose Tip from the template menu on the main screen At a team business lunch your four person team including you goes to lunch The total bill is 45 With a 15 tip what should each person contribute Variable Enter Comments Tap the Clear Sets the display to its default values button Bill 45 Tip 15 People 4 Compute the total by selecting on the same line The total is 51 75 and each person should contribute 12 94 Ttl Person Tip Calculation 2 For the example above the company will pay the entire bill instead What is the tip and the total bill Compute the tip amount by tapping on Tip and selecting Tip and then selecting on the same line The tip comes to 6 75 As before the total bill is 51 75 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 64 powerOne Finance 4 3 Statistics This template analyzes statistical data sets It is useful for performing market data analysis with its ability to calculate mean and standard deviation among other computations The statistics template is capable of analyzing one and two variable statistical data The Display Statistics Template The statistics template consists of the following Method There are five available regression models For two variable statistics regression models include linear exponential
64. f the first type Amount 2 82 020997375328 e Type 2 the unit type to convert to Clear Done e Amount 2 the amount of the second type calculated Currency Currency conversion is similar to unit and temperature conversions except there is an extra field rate Rate is the conversion rate In general Amount 1 x Rate Amount 2 In this case the types are not used in the computation itself Instead they are used as reminders of which two currencies Type 1 US oe Amount 1 850 00 have been converted Type 2 Yen Each time a currency conversion is calculated the Amount 2 97 112 50 conversion s rate is stored automatically and recalled when nate Mazs those two currencies are set for Type 1 and Type 2 To clear that stored value recall the two currencies and select Clear Done Clear ig Currency Template Options Help Examples Length Go to the Convert Length template to compute this problem The instructions say to measure off 25 meters but you don t have a metric measure How many feet is this Variable Enter Comments Tap the Clear button Sets the display to its default values Type 1 Meters Choose from pop up list Amount 1 25 Type 2 Feet The length in feet is computed automatically there are 82 02 feet in 25 meters 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Included Templates Currency Go to the Convert Currency
65. finity Softworks Included Templates 55 determines this point when depreciation is higher using the straight line method than the declining balance method This method also uses the declining balance rate for depreciating The sum of the year s digits SOYD method like declining balance allocates more depreciation to the early years of the asset s life This method uses a complex formula based upon the number of years the asset will be in service to determine a depreciation rate Using one of these computation methods the depreciation template calculates three pieces of information when next to the depreciation amount value is selected e Dep Amount amount of depreciation for the year e Book Val original cost of the asset less accumulated depreciation Accumulated depreciation is the total depreciation taken through the calculated year This is the value of the asset remaining on the company s books e Dep Val depreciation value This is the book value less the salvage value for the asset Example 80 000 worth of equipment was recently purchased in the middle of June With a five year useful life and no salvage value these computers will be depreciated using the declining balance method at a 200 rate What is the depreciation amount for the first year Variable Enter Comments Clear Sets the display to its default values Method DB Cost 80 000 Salvage 0 Life 5 Month 1 6 5 Ha
66. g Principal End Balance displayed data number one and data number two Either of 119 868 65 the data sets can display beginning or ending balance 119 736 70 payment principal or interest Select one by tapping on the Lente pop up list above each column Scroll through the list with i 11333721 either the scroll arrows or scroll buttons s 119 202 82 119 067 82 118 932 20 118 795 96 118 653 09 118 521 59 118 383 46 118 244 70 118 105 30 117 OCF 97 Period View The period view can be selected by choosing Period from the pop up list in the top right hand corner To calculate the values over the range of periods enter a period for Beg Period one for End Period and select 2 The table will display information for Beg Balance End Balance Payment Principal and Interest over that range Additionally four buttons are available at the bottom of the 5 x n screen next to Done These buttons are used to quickly enter pti a Options beginning and ending period values and perform computations Period e Max sets the ending balance to the maximum number of i Beg Period 1 penods End Period 12 e Next moves to the next set of beginning and ending Beg Balance 120 000 00 periods For example with both setto one selecting next Payment 8 176 20 moves the beginning and ending Principat oe Interest 6 559 66 e 1yr calculates one year from the beginning period End Balance 118 383 46 e
67. iation Sum of Year s Digits Book Value Depreciated Amount Depreciated Value depslbv depsida depsoydbv depsoydda depsoyddv Derivative Diff H MM Diff Hrs Difference Between Dates Discount Discount Disp Mode Division dms DMS to Degrees Conversion Bo E Edit Eff Effective Interest Rate Effective Ending Balance Entering Data Equals Exclusive Or exp 54 56 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 79 70 70 80 60 60 25 84 89 89 84 31 74 74 51 38 24 82 82 84 Expire Date Exponent Exponential Export Exporting Results Templates fact Factorial Financial Functions Fixed Cost Floor fMax fMin fnint fpart Fractional Part Functions Future Val FV G gcd Get Date in Decimal Format Get Hours in Decimal Format Get Hours in HH MMSS Format Get Time in Decimal Format getdate gettime Getting Started Global Graffiti Greater Than Greater Than or Equal To Greatest Common Denominator H Help HH MMSS hh mmssmmm hms Home Loan Home Mortgage 64 37 57 84 84 31 26 26 26 87 87 74 59 84 79 79 79 84 84 30 58 74 84 80 80 80 80 80 80 25 82 82 84 4 6 70 80 80 31 40 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Index HotSync 8 Less Than 82 How the Solver Works 33 Less Than or Equal To 82 hrs 80 Life 54 HrsFrac 70 Linear 64 Hyperbolic Arc c
68. ime 2 4 50pm Sets the display to its default values Make sure Diff Hrs is showing instead of Diff HMM Compute the difference by selecting on the same line This project took 4 5833 hours 4 hours 35 minutes To finish the calculation select the Diff Hrs value and multiply by 30 You should bill 137 50 for your work Time Sum Go to the Calendar Time template to compute this problem If you start driving at 3 15 pm and the trip will take 5hrs 45mins what time will you arrive Variable Enter Comments Tap the Clear button Sets the display to its default values Time 3 15 pm H MMSS 5 45 Compute the sum by selecting on the same line You will arrive at 9 00pm 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 72 powerOne Finance 5 Appendix The appendix contains additional information pertinent to the use of the product including references for functions that can be used in user defined templates e Financial Functions e Date amp Time Functions e Calculus Functions e Logic Functions e Math Functions e Probability amp StatisticsFunctions e Trigonometric Functions The following may also be helpful e Error Cases e Contacting Infinity Softworks 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Appendix 73 5 1 Function Reference This section lists all functions available within the solver To read the top line in bold lists both the fu
69. ine Depreciated Amount depsida C S L M Y Returns the amount that the asset depreciated during the given year Depreciation Straight Line Depreciated Value depsidv C S L M Y Returns the remaining total depreciable value for the asset at the end of the given year Depreciation Sum of Year s Digits Book Value depsoydbv C S L M Y Returns the book value depreciable value salvage value for the asset at the end of the given year Depreciation Sum of Year s Digits Depreciated Amount depsoydda C S L M Y Returns the amount that the asset depreciated during the given year Depreciation Sum of Year s Digits Depreciated Value depsoyddv C S L M Y Returns the remaining total depreciable value for the asset at the end of the given year 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Appendix 77 Effective Interest Rate Eff inteff nominalrate compoundingperiods Returns the effective annual interest rate given a nominal annual rate of nominalrate and the number of compounding periods per year of compoundingperiods nominalrate and compoundingperiods must be real numbers where compoundingperiods O if compoundingperiods 0 returns the continuous compounding rate Nominal Interest Rate Nom intnom effectiverate compoundingperiods Returns the nominal interest rate given an effective annual rate of effectiverate and the number of compounding periods per year of compoundingperiods
70. ing the Calculator 17 Percent ratio 9 is what 9 25 x 36 00 percent of 25 Permutations n 5 r 2 5 f x stats nPr 2 20 00 Power 3 3 f x math y 4 81 00 Root 3g 8 f x math vx 3 2 Subtraction 8 3 8 H 3 5 00 Two Variable Functions RPN Input Mode The following are examples of two variable functions when used in RPN input mode Operation Example Keystroke Answer Addition 8 3 8 ENT 3 11 00 Combinations N 7 r 3 7 ENT 3 f x stats nCr 35 00 Division 8 3 8 ENT 3 2 67 ae Common Divisor _ gcd of 6 and 4 6 ENT 4 f x number gcd 2 c Common Multiple lcm cm of 6 and 4 6 ENT 4 f x number lcm 12 Multiplication 8x3 8 ENT 3 x 24 00 Percent 15 of 350 1350 ENT 15 x 52 50 Percent add on 22 95 6 22 95 ENT 6 x 24 33 sales tax Percent discount ae less 39 99 ENT 10 x H 35 99 Percent ratio 9 is what 9 ENT 100 25 36 00 percent of 25 Permutations n 5 r 2 5 ENT 2 f x stats nPr 20 00 Power 3i 3 ENT 4 f x math y 81 00 Root V8 8 ENT 3 f x math Vx 2 Subtraction 8 3 8 ENT 3 H 5 00 2 1 4 Parentheses To force evaluation of functions in a specific order when in order of operations or chain input mode use parentheses Any operation enclosed in parentheses is calculated before the operation
71. ion of the total Clear Done Example To perform this computation choose Percent Total from the template menu on the main screen Your division contributes 23 of the company s revenue If total revenue is 3 15 billion what is your division s contribution 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 62 powerOne Finance Variable Entry Comments Clear Sets the display to its default values Total 3 150 000 000 Total 23 Compute the part by selecting on the same line Your division contributes 724 500 000 in revenue 4 2 6 Profit Margin This template performs profit margin computations IT Profit Margin e Cost the cost to manufacture or purchase Template Options Help ae Cost 580 000 000 00 e Price the selling or resale price Price 724 500 000 00 e Margin the gross profit margin expressed as a Margin 19 94476951 0007 percentage For example an 8 125 change would be entered as 8 125 A positive value represents an Clear Done increase while a negative one represents a decrease Profit margin and markup as a percentage of price are identical Example To perform this computation choose Profit Margin from the template menu on the main screen Your division contributes 724 500 000 in revenue The costs associated with revenue are 580 000 000 What is the profit margin Variable Entry Comments Clear Sets the display to
72. ions mode e Chain selects chain mode e RPN selects RPN mode Lrvm leod i o e See Input Mode for details on each mode Cancel Defaut Stack Size The stack size sets the size of the stack to either 4 or 11 registers in RPN mode In order of operations and chain input modes this sets the size of the history list to 4 or 11 entries Decimal Setting Set the displayed decimal places by choosing a setting from the pop up list There are thirteen possible decimal place settings e Float shows all available decimal places e 0 11 shows that many decimal places In addition the show function displays all available decimal places until the next entry is made This can be used to quickly see all available decimal places when the decimal setting is not set to float In engineering display mode the decimal setting controls the number of significant digits displayed rather than the number of decimal places the number of significant digits displayed is 1 the decimal setting Display Mode There are three display modes normal scientific and engineering In normal mode numbers appear as they are entered In scientific mode numbers are always displayed in scientific notation and likewise in engineering mode numbers are always displayed in engineering format 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Using the Calcu lator 21 Trig Mode When using trigonometric functions either degrees or radians can be used Choose
73. is 12 Variable Enter Comments Tap the Clear button Sets the display to its default values Pmt Timing End Loans payments at the end of the period Present Val 80 000 Positive because cash inflow Future Val 0 Intrst Yr 12 00 Periods 360 30 years at 12 periods per year Periods Yr 12 Cmpnds Yr 2 Compute payment by selecting on the same line The payment will be 805 11 It is negative because it is acash outflow 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Included Templates 43 Bi Weekly Mortgage Payments A buyer is considering a 100 000 home loan with monthly payments an annual interest rate of 9 and a term of 30 years Instead of making monthly payments the buyer realizes that he can build equity faster by making bi weekly payments every two weeks How long will it take to pay off the loan Part 1 Calculate the monthly payment Variable Enter Comments Tap the Clear button Sets the display to its default values Pmt Timing End Present Val 100 000 Future Val 0 Intrst Yr 9 00 Periods 360 30 years at 12 periods per year Periods Yr 12 Cmpnds Yr 12 Calculating shows payment equal to 804 62 It is negative because it is a cash outflow Part 2 Periods when making bi weekly payments continued Variable Enter Comments Payment 402 31 Recall payment in the input screen and divide it by 2 Pe
74. lf way through the sixth month Dep Rate 200 Compute the depreciation information by entering the year and selecting The depreciation amount will be 17 333 33 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 56 powerOne Finance 4 1 7 ACRS Depreciation For tax purposes ACRS Depreciation is used This template will help with these calculations The Display The ACRS Depreciation display includes a series of variables Cost the cost basis of the asset to be depreciated fT Deprec ACRS Dep Rate the percentage to be depreciated To Template Options Help determine this value use the appropriate income tax Cost 80 000 00 ACRS or MACRS table Dep Rate 20 Dep Amount 16 000 00 Dep Amount the amount depreciated Clear Done Example For tax purposes how much is depreciated in the third year of a five year useful life asset where the cost basis is 80 000 Assume the percent deductible in the first year is 15 second year is 25 and third fourth and fifth years is 20 Variable Enter Comments Clear Sets the display to its default values Cost 80 000 ACRS 20 Compute the Dep Amount by selecting on the same line The depreciation amount would be 16 000 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Included Templates 57 4 1 8 Black Scholes Black Scholes option pricing model is a popular method of pricing market able options Th
75. location 3 MEM Recall select memory location 3 Clear the memory location C CE MEM Store select memory location System Clipboard To store to the system clipboard enter the number then select copy from the edit menu This allows numbers to be moved from one application to another Recall information from the system clipboard by selecting paste from the edit menu 2 1 6 RPN Stack amp History List RPN Input Mode In RPN input mode access the RPN stack by either selecting the programmable button marked stack or by choosing it from the f x function button by selecting f x stack stack When the stack is displayed select outside the list to close it or select within the list to display a series of available operations e drop throws out the selected value e dup duplicate copies the selected item into the view window e move removes the item from its location in the list and places it in the main view window e rot rotate moves the list in a clockwise direction e rotrr rotate reverse moves the list in a reverse or counter clockwise direction e swap swap swaps the selected value with the amount in the view window This moves the selected variable into the view window and the view window s value into the selected variable s location If these functions were not selected from the RPN stack itself then it is assumed that the target value is the top item on the stack Note that two stack sizes are
76. mplate s have been beamed you must import them into powerOne by following the steps under Importing Templates above Windows Computers Beaming is not available on Windows computer systems 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Using the Templates 29 3 6 Creating Templates It is easy to create custom templates The solver is the technology that can take a formula and calculate for any variable within that formula Quick Tutorial Creating a template is as simple as entering aname and 5 x formula To get started choose New Template from the TER Solver category on the main calculator s template bar Inflation A formula for calculating inflation will be used to illustrate the steps in creating a template Equation Future Yal Present Yali 1 Step 1 Enter a Name The first step is to enter a name for the example enter Inflation without quotes in the Name field symbol math Step 2 Enter the Equation number trig Enter your equation in the Equation field The equals sign ae can go anywhere in the formula Many of the built in fae functions may be quickly accessed by tapping the f x rae button Category Solver calculus convert Save Goto Canc Finance For the inflation example the formula is as follows Pr esent Val 14 Inflation yews 100 Future Val Type the following without quotes FutureVal PresentVal 1 Inflation Years Step 3 S
77. mption value is a percentage of the bond s par value that is paid to the owner when it is retired If the calculation is to the maturity date this value is 100 This is the standard set by HP If the calculation is to a call date this value varies The par value is the value printed on the bond itself A bond is often said to sell at a premium or discount This is reflected in the redemption value A bond that sells at a discount sells at less than par value Bonds that sell at a premium are for more than par value Yield the yield to maturity or redemption This is the rate of return to the investor based on earnings from payments of principal and interest This includes a sale at a premium or discount To calculate yield a value for price must be entered This value is entered as a percentage For example 8 385 is entered as 8 385 Price the dollar price To calculate the dollar price a value for yield must be entered Acc Interest the accrued interest based on 100 of par value This value is calculated automatically when computing either yield or price 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Included Templates 53 Example A corporate bond matures on November 30 1999 with a settlement date of August 14 1996 It pays 13 coupon on a semi annual basis with a 30 360 day count method It will be redeemed at 100 of par and an annual yield of 13 75 Whatis the price and accrued interest Key
78. mpute periods by selecting on the same line To reach 4 000 it will take 92 20 periods or 92 20 12 7 68 years 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 42 powerOne Finance Home Mortgage You have decided to buy a house but you only have 900 to spend each month on a 30 year mortgage The bank has quoted an interest rate of 8 75 What is the maximum purchase price Variable Enter Comments Tap the Clear button Sets the display to its default values Pmt Timing End Loans payments at the end of the period Future Val 0 Payment 900 Negative because cash outflow Intrst Yr 8 75 Periods 360 30 years at 12 periods per year Periods Yr 12 Cmpnds Yr 12 Compute present value by selecting on the same line You can afford a home with a price of 114 401 87 Mortgage With Balloon Payment Continued from Home Mortgage You realize that you will only own the house for about 5 years and then sell it How much will the balloon payment the repayment to the bank be Variable Enter Comments Periods 60 5 years at 12 periods per year Compute future value by selecting on the same line The balloon payment will be 109 469 92 after five years Canadian Mortgage Canadian mortgages compound interest twice per year instead of monthly What is the monthly payment to fully amortize a 30 year 80 000 Canadian mortgage if the interest rate
79. n on parentheses for more information Keypad Template Bar amp Template Quick Hit Button The template bar offers quick access to templates within the application See Using the Templates for more information on navigation Tapping the arrows left or right scrolls more templates into view while tapping the template quick hit button displays all available template categories at one time Function Button Beyond the basic arithmetic functions available on the keypad the most commonly used math trigonometric and statistics functions are supported via lists accessible through the function button This button is labeled x Programmable Buttons The programmable buttons are preset with commonly used functions but you may reprogram them in the Preferences to other functions or even to quickly access a template of your choice See the calculator preferences screen see Calculator Settings 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 10 powerOne Finance Keypad The keypad is a series of buttons that allow for rapid entry of numbers and commonly used mathematical functions This keypad in general is broken into four sections In the center of the keypad are the common number keys The right hand side contains standard math functions Along the top are advanced functions and the left hand side of the display contains functions for memory and number manipulation backspace sign change and clear See their respective sections
80. nance 4 1 9 Simple Interest Simple interest problems assume that interest is accumulated only once at the time of repayment These computations are performed in the Simple Interest template For compounding interest computations use the Time Value of Money TVM template The Display The display consists of a series of variables e Present Val the present or current value e Future Val the future value il Simple Interest Template Options Help Present Yal 2 500 00 Future Val 2 556 25 e Periods number of total periods This number is the eee es 2 number of years and months times the periods per year For example if the loan is 4 years with 12 payments per year monthly payments periods should be 48 4 x 12 Clear Done xPY py e Periods Yr the number of payment periods per year e Intrst Yr interest per year as a percentage For example 8 25 interest should be entered as 8 25 Periods Y r 360 Additionally there are two buttons at the bottom of the template e xPY quick set button for the number of periods This button multiplies the value in periods by the value in periods per year For example to convert 10 years at 12 periods per year to periods enter 10 in periods and 12 in periods per year then select xPY e PY quick set button for the number of periods This button divides the value in periods by the value in periods per year For example if periods is 60 with
81. natural log and power The fifth model is one variable regression amp statistics Data Set Data set of x values and their corresponding occurrences or y values depending on the selection for Method above Occ Number of items Mean X Mean of x values SX Sample standard deviation of x Sigma X Population standard deviation of x Sum X Sum of x Sum X Sum of x squared Min X Minimum x value in the set Max X Maximum x value in the set Range X Max x minus min x The following are available when using methods other than one variable statistics Mean Y Mean of y values SY Sample standard deviation of y Sigma Y Population standard deviation of y Sum Y Sum of y Sum Y Sum of y squared Sum XY Sum of x times y Min Y Minimum y value in the set Max Y Maximum y value in the set Range Y Max y minus min y A Regression y intercept Linear Options Help Table 5Rx 2C 5 213 2 3 701351104664 3 310589071449 66 926 8 18 10 301 032 103 666 8315808 92 722 43297067 1 505 160 496 088 573 000 21 257 210 200 000 427 590 227 590 33 568 24817518 25 348 50364964 0 905050444337 10 219 916 7883212 Clear Done 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Included Templates 65 e B Regression slope e R Regression correlation coefficient e X Predicted x value e Y Predicted y value To perform a statisti
82. nce this is completed on the PalmOS choose Results to Memo Pad from the Template menu on Pocket PC choose Results to text file from the Template menu A dialog will ask for a name for the exported text Select OK to export the results or select Cancel to stop the process 3 4 Exporting amp Importing Templates To export a template first go to that template select the Template menu from within the template select Export Template and enter a file name for the template On Palm OS and Pocket PC devices the file containing the exported template will be available for transfer to a desktop computer next time you synchronize your device On a Windows computer the file will be in the selected folder From there the template can be shared via email physical media i e floppy disk or posted on a web site such as Infinity Softworks site The collection is located at www infinitysoftworks com templates 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Using the Templates 27 Note that some templates cannot be exported typically the built in ones supplied with the application A dialog will appear Palm OS devices or Export Template will not be selectable Pocket PC devices and Windows computers if that choice is not possible Multiple templates can be saved to the same file even if they have the same name including duplicates of the same template This is how export category works adding an entry t
83. nction by name and its symbol if applicable The second line lists the function and its variables followed in the third line by a detailed function description Within the formula items in brackets are optional entries Note that some functions take lists e g cash flow functions statistical functions Lists A list is a series of data Placing braces around a series of numbers separated by semi colons creates a list e g 34 23 15 8 Functions e Calculus e Date e Finance e Logic e Math e Probability amp Statistics e Trigonometric 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 74 powerOne Finance 5 1 1 Financial Functions Time Value of Money Amortization abbreviations PV Present Value FV Future Value I Interest rate expressed as a percentage PMT Payment N Periods P Y Payment periods per year C Y Interest compounding periods per year B Payment timing 0 for end of period 1 for beginning of period Bond Abbreviations SD Settlement date MD Maturity date CR Coupon rate expressed as a percentage RV Residual value Y Yield expressed as a percentage P Price Cash Flow Abbreviations CFAmnitList A list containing a list of cash flow amounts where the first element is the initial cash flow CFFreqList A list in which each element specifies the frequency of occurrence for a consecutive cash flow amount in CFList I Periodic interest rate as a percentage Depreci
84. nd ending balances payment interest and principal amounts The TVM template allows calculations to be made based on payments at the beginning of the period or the end see Pmt Timing This impacts the values shown in the amortization table in a way best illustrated by time line diagrams Pmt Timing End Period 1 Beginning Balance La Interest j Added In 1 Payment i Beginning Balance 7 ft Ai i I I Interest Added In I I I I i Payment Ending Ending Balance Balance Note that the Ending Balance will always be the same as the Beginning Balance for the following payment period Pmt Timing Begin Period 1 Period 2 ananassae ae I it tt t Pos at time g G i i s I H Beginning i 1i Beginning li Balance 1 Balance ii il it Payment ji Payment A 7i Ending Ending Balances Balance i Interest Interest Added In Added In Note that the Ending Balance of a period will be less than the Beginning Balance of the next period by the amount of interest that accrued during the period 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Included Templates 39 There are two amortization views table and period Table View iix The table view set by choosing Table from the pop up listin 2M the top right corner displays period by period information Table 7 The display from left to right shows the period bein
85. ne Finance 1 4 Moving Data between the Handheld and Windows If you own both handheld and Windows versions of the software itis possible to synchronize templates and their corresponding data Palm OS For Palm OS devices synchronization can be turned off set to copy to the handheld only to the PC only or synchronized both directions two way sync With two way synchronization the more recently changed template will be transferred To change this preference for the next HotSync operation tap the HotSync icon in the system tray of your desktop computer which is usually in the bottom right corner of the screen Select Custom from within the HotSync menu in your Palm Desktop software Double click the powerOne application and change your preference Pocket PC The templates are synchronized either e Upon connection of the handheld device with the desktop e Under manual control by the user by tapping the Sync button in Microsoft ActiveSync The settings for synchronizing the Pocket PC and Windows versions are reached by selecting Options from the Tools menu in ActiveSync You v Local USB v Local Serial Modem Network Setup Custom Bie Unk Hotsync View Log Icon About Help System Menu Syra Options Syme Mode Praes By F a patosa type of rioetan selec Ay Check ts ony 9 sap aynchronzaton of that efomaton cles chech Drita Mcrocot sioh
86. nstants 30 Bonds 52 Conversions 68 bondy 74 cos 89 Book Val 54 cosh 89 Breakeven 59 Cosine 89 c Cost 54 56 60 62 7 j countx 87 C 74 Cpn Rate 52 C Y 74 CR 74 Calendar 25 70 Creating Templates 29 Call Price 57 Cube Root 84 Canadian Mortgage 40 Currency 68 Car Loan 40 D Cash Flow 45 74 count 74 Data Set 45 64 internal rate of return 74 Data Set Editor Screen 24 modified internal rate of 74 Data Set View 64 retur date 70 80 net future value 74 Date Basis 52 net present value 74 Date Calculations 70 net uniform series value 74 Date in Absolute Format 80 payback 74 Date Selector 24 profitability index 74 Day of Week 80 total 74 DB 54 Cash Flow Estimates 45 DB x SL 54 Cash flow with one sign change 49 dd mmyyyy 80 Category 25 ddays 80 cbrt 84 Dec Setting 25 ceil 84 Default Calculator 2 Ceiling 84 degrees 89 CFAmntList 74 Degrees to DMS Conversion 89 CFFreqList 74 Degrees to Radians 89 cfocount 74 Conversion cfoirr 74 degs 89 cfomirr 74 Delete 31 cfonfv 74 Dep Amount 54 56 cfonpv 74 Dep Rate 54 56 cfonus 74 Dep Val 54 cfopbk 74 depdbbv 74 cfoprof 74 depdbda 74 cfotot 74 depdbdv 74 Change 61 depdbslbv 74 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks cs powerOne Finance depdbslida depdbsldv Depreciation Book Value Depreciated Amount Depreciated Value Depreciation Declining Balance Book Value Depreciated Amount Depreciated Value Depreciation Straight Line Book Value Depreciated Amount Depreciated Value Deprec
87. nths years This function can only be used within a formula the returned value cannot be viewed ina template Returns a date type containing date plus or minus days months years date is a date type or a double containing the date in dd mmyyyy format Adjust Time adjtime date hours minutes seconds This function can only be used within a formula the returned value cannot be viewed ina template Returns a date type containing date plus or minus hours minutes seconds dateis a date type or a value in dd mmyyyy format Date in Absolute Format date makedate dd mmyyyy hh mmssmmm This function can only be used within a formula the returned value cannot be viewed ina template Converts a date and time into a date type representing the inputted date Provided for compatibility with TI HP Day of Week weekday wkday date Returns a number representing the day of the week 1 Sunday 7 Saturday Date must be a date type or a value in dd mmyyyy format Difference Between Dates ADate ddays date1 date2 date1 date2 must be a date type or a value in dd mmyyyy format Returns a number representing the number of days between two dates Get Date in Decimal Format GetDate getdate date Returns the date in dd mmyyyy format given date type date Get Hours in Decimal Format HRS hrs value Returns the time in decimal hours given a date type or time in hh mmssmmm format 3 5 decimal hou
88. o the file for each export able template within the current template s category By default the imported templates will appear in the same category in which it was saved if the creator had it in the Business category it will appear in your Business category To move it see the section on Template Settings See below for information specific to your device Palm OS Devices Exporting During the next HotSync operation exported templates are placed on the desktop computer under the Palm folder user name back up directory The exported template file remains on the device after it has been successfully copied to the desktop so next time the software is started a dialog will prompt you as to whether the file should be imported selecting Delete in the dialog will delete the file Importing On the desktop computer double click the template file s icon to start the PalmOS Install Tool See your device user manual for more information on using the Install Tool After synchronizing start the application A dialog will appear for each template to install e Choose Import to import the template e Choose Delete to delete the file from the device without installing e Choose Ignore to ignore the file do not import nor delete To import from an expansion card go to My Templates under the Solver template category Select Import to import from the card Pocket PC Devices Exporting Place the device in the cradle and mak
89. occurrences corresponding to the values in datalist 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Appendix 5 1 7 Trigonometric Functions 89 Arc cosine cos acos value Returns arc cosine of value Arc sine sin asin value Returns arc sine of value Arc tangent tan atan value Returns arc tangent of value Cosine cos value Returns cosine of value Degrees to DMS Conversion dms value Returns equivalent in dd mmss degrees minutes seconds of va ue degrees Degrees to Radians Conversion radians value Returns equivalent in radians of value degrees DMS to Degrees Conversion degs value Returns equivalent in degrees of va ue dd mmss ie degrees minutes seconds format Hyperbolic Arc cosine cosh acosh value Returns hyperbolic arc cosine of value Hyperbolic Arc sine sinh asinh value Returns hyperbolic arc sine of value Hyperbolic Arc tangent tanh atanh value Returns hyperbolic arc tangent of value 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 90 powerOne Finance Hyperbolic Cosine cosh cosh value Returns hyperbolic cosine of value Hyperbolic Sine sinh sinh value Returns hyperbolic sine of value Hyperbolic Tangent tanh tanh value Returns hyperbolic tangent of value Polar to Rectangular Conversion y imag r 8 Returns y coordinate given polar coordinates r and 0 Polar to Rec
90. oll bar which list additional computations Ea eae Date Selector The date selector is used to enter dates On Palm OS devices scroll the year with the left right scroll arrows or change it by clicking and entering the value with Graffiti input and select a month and day to return to the template On PocketPC amp Windows use the left right scroll buttons to change the month select the year and use the up down scroll buttons or keypad to change its value and select a day to return to the template 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Using the Templates 25 Time Selector The time selector is used to enter times On Palm OS devices change the hours and minutes by selecting the value and using the scroll arrows and then selecting AM or PM On PocketPC amp Windows use the keyboard to change the hours and minutes and select the AM PM to change it 3 2 Template amp Variable Settings Template Settings Each of these settings refer to the currently selected template e Category determines which category of the template bar the template appears under Templates can be moved to any category Beyond the built in categories the user has the Category PE v ability to create 10 additional categories by choosing Edit neds Categories from the pop up list These custom categories p Radians z appear in alphabetical order following the built in categories Calendar Actual within the main calculato
91. osine 89 In 84 Hyperbolic Arc sine 89 log 84 Hyperbolic Arc tangent 89 Logarithm 84 Hyperbolic Cosine 89 Logarithmic 64 Hyperbolic Sine 89 Logic 82 Hyperbolic Tangent 89 Long Calculations 1 M 1 74 M 74 If 82 makedate 80 If Statements 31 Margin 62 imag 89 Markup 60 Importing 26 Markup 60 Templates 26 Mass 68 inflows 45 Mat Date 52 Initial Investment 45 Math 84 Input Mode 1 max 84 inteff 74 Max X 64 Integer Part 84 Max Y 64 Integral 79 Maximum 79 84 Interest Conversion 51 Maximum value of x 87 intnom 74 maxx 87 Intrst Yr 37 45 58 MD 74 Inverse 84 Mean 87 Investment with regular 49 Mean X 64 deposits Mean Y 64 ipart 84 meanx 87 IRR 45 Median 87 IY 74 Menu Bar 4 6 J Method 51 60 64 70 min 84 Justified 25 Min X 64 K Min Y 64 Minimum 79 84 Keyboard Navigation 4 6 Minimum value of x 87 minx 87 L MIRR 45 L 74 mod 84 Icm 84 Modifying 45 Leases 49 Modulo Division 84 Least Common Multiple 84 Month 1 54 Length 68 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 100 powerOne Finance Mortgage With Balloon Payment Multiple Answers Multiplication My Templates N Natural Logarithm ncr nderiv New NFV Nom Nominal Interest Rate Nominal Normal Standard Distribution normsdist Not Not Equal npr NPV Number Number Input Screen Number Ranges NUS O Occ Occurrences Old One Variable Statistics Open Operators Or outflows P P Y Palm OS Part Payback Payment Percent
92. r s template bar Reet Standard ie i see Using the Calculator aire e Trig Mode allows trigonometric operations to be done in either degree or radian mode if it is not defined by the Cancel template e Calendar allows date arithmetic to be performed using an actual 30 360 actual 360 or actual 365 calendar Some templates allow for this change directly in the template itself The actual day count method counts the actual number of days in a month even allowing for leap years and the total number of days ina year The 30 360 method treats all months as though they have 30 days and years as though they have 360 days The actual 360 method counts the actual number of days in a month but treats years as though they have 360 days The actual 365 method counts the actual number of days in a month but treats years as though they have 365 days These different day count methods are sometimes refered to as basis or day count basis and are frequently used in financial calculations e Precision some calculations require an iterative search for the answer e g TVM interest rates and take more than 1 second to calculate When this occurs a Computing dialog will appear Precision affects the time of the calculation Setting it to Full will calculate until full precision is reached Setting it to Standard will only calculate to the displayed decimal places Full precision takes longer to calculate but is more accurate than s
93. rea bounded by the curve x and the x axis between the limits x 3 and x 3 Maximum Function fMax fmax expression variable lower upper tolerance Uses an iterative approach to return the value of variable where the local maximum of expression occurs between owerand upper limits with optional tolerance default value 10 e g fmax x42 x 3 3 searches for a maximum of the expression x between the limits x 3 and x 3 Minimum Function fMin fmin expression variable lower upper tolerance Uses an iterative approach to return the value of variable where the local minimum of expression occurs between owerand upper limits with optional tolerance default value 10 e g fmin x 2 x 3 3 searches for a minimum of the expression x between the limits x 3 and x 3 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 80 powerOne Finance 5 1 3 Date amp Time Functions See Template Preferences for setting the date mode Date type is used within the calculator to represent a date While it cannot be seen in a template it can be used when calculating values that can be seen ina template When entering dates there are two formats e Date dd mmyyyy 2 digit day 2 digit month 4 digit year e Time hh mmssmmm 2 digits each for hour minutes and second 3 digits for millisecond Hour is entered in 24 hour time 0 23 hours Adjust Date adjdate date days mo
94. riods Yr 26 Bi weekly payments mean 26 per year Cmpnds Yr 12 Still compounding interest monthly Calculating shows periods equal to 567 40 periods 567 40 26 21 82 years APR of a Loan with Fees The Annual Percentage Rate APR is the interest rate when fees are included with the mortgage amount Because the fees reduce the loan amount the interest rate is higher For example a borrower is charged two points for the issuance of a mortgage one point is equal to 1 of the mortgage amount If the mortgage amount is 60 000 for 30 years with an interest rate of 11 5 what is the APR Part 1 Calculate the actual monthly payment Variable Enter Comments Tap the Clear button Sets the display to its default values Pmt Timing End Present Val 60 000 Future Val 0 Intrst Yr 11 5 Periods 360 30 years at 12 periods per year 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 44 powerOne Finance Periods Yr 12 Cmpnds Yr 12 Calculating shows payment equal to 594 17 It is negative because it is a cash outflow Part 2 Periods when making bi weekly payments continued Enter Comments 58 800 Variable The loan amount less 2 in fees Calculate in the input screen with 60000 x 02 60000 Present Val Calculating shows interest per year equal to 11 76 Present Value of Lease with Advance Payments and an Option
95. riods should be 48 4 x 12 Periods Yr the number of payment periods per year For example if payments are made quarterly periods per year should be 4 Cmpnds Yr the number of interest compounding periods per year Most of the time compounding periods per year should equal payment periods per year For example if payments are made monthly and interest is compounded monthly compounding periods per year and periods per year should both be 12 There are also the following three buttons on the screen xPY quick set button for the number of periods This button multiplies the value in periods by the value in periods per year For example to convert 10 years at 12 periods per year to periods enter 10 in periods 12 in periods per year and select xPY PY quick set button for the number of periods This button divides the value in periods by the value in periods per year For example if periods is 60 with periods per year equal to 12 discovering that it is equal to five years can be done easily by selecting PY Amort access to the amortization screen See the section on the amortization screen for more information If no data is entered in the TVM template the amortization screen will not appear 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 38 powerOne Finance 4 1 1 1 Amortization The amortization screen displays period by period information for time value of money computations Included information is beginning a
96. rs is 3 hrs 30 min 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Appendix 81 Get Hours in HH MMSS Format HMS hms value Returns the time in hh mmssmmm format given a date type or the time in decimal hours 3 5 decimal hours is 3 hrs 30 min Get Time in Decimal Format GetTime gettime date This function can only be used within a formula the returned value cannot be viewed ina template Returns the time in the format hh mmssmmm given date type date Today date today This function can only be used within a formula the returned value cannot be viewed ina template Returns a date type representing current date and time 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 82 powerOne Finance 5 1 4 Logic Functions And valueA amp amp valueB Returns true if both valueA and valueB false Choose choose index expression7 expressionN Uses index to pick one of the expressions following index then returns the value of the picked expression index can be a number or an expression that evaluates to a number where 1 lt index lt number of expressions supplied e g choose 2 6 9 3 4 5 returns 9 Equals valueA valueB Returns true if valueA has equal value to valueB Note that this operator is entered using two consecutive characters not a single character The single is only used when entering template equations Exclusive Or xor valueA valueB
97. s outside the parentheses To view intermediate results tap the right parenthesis for each left parenthesis until the parenthesis indicator shows 0 Note that the parenthesis indicator in the view window changes to reflect the number of left parentheses in use 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 18 powerOne Finance 2 1 5 Memory There are ten memory locations plus the system clipboard To access the memory location use the MEM button To access the system clipboard use Copy and Paste from the edit menu or by selecting the powerOne button PalmOS only Memory Locations To store to amemory location enter the number and select MEM Store and then select the memory location 0 through 9 To recall a value select MEM Recall and then select the memory location Recalling does not clear the contents of the memory location To clear a memory location store 0 to it You can clear all memory locations by selecting MEM and Clear You can also perform arithmetic operations on the memory locations using the contents of the display window The following are some examples of how the memory can be used Function Key Store 1 5 to memory location 1 C CE 1 5 MEM Store select memory location 1 Add 34 5 to memory location 1 C CE 34 5 MEM Store select memory location 1 Divide the contents of location 2 by 25 C CE 25 MEM Store select memory location 2 Recall the contents of memory
98. some templates cannot be beamed typically the built in ones supplied with the application A dialog will appear if that choice is not possible See below for beaming information specific to your device Palm OS Devices Can beam or receive templates to from other Palm OS or Pocket PC 2002 devices but not Pocket PC 2000 devices Sending To beam a template line up the infrared ports on two devices and then from within the template to be beamed choose Beam Template from the Template menu Receiving Line up the infrared ports on two devices The template should be automatically received into the application Pocket PC Devices Sending Pocket PC devices can beam templates to other Pocket PC or PalmOS devices First export the template see Exporting Templates above Then from the Windows menu icon in the top left corner of the display select Programs gt File Explorer Tap and hold the pen on the file that was created during the export step to get the context menu Select Beam File or Send via Infrared and then line up the infrared ports on the two devices Receiving Pocket PC 2002 can receive templates from other Pocket PC or PalmOS devices Pocket PC 2000 devices can only receive templates from Pocket PC devices To receive a template you must start the infrared receiver program from the Windows menu select Programs Infrared Receive and wait for the other device to send the file After the te
99. tandard precision e Auto Compute when checked the application will automatically determine when the should be visible When a value is entered into the template a will appear next to any other variable which may be affected by the change When a value is recomputed the question marks will disappear While this is checked any other values that can automatically be recalculated will be after each change For example if a template contains just two variables such as most conversion templates changing the value of one variable will automatically cause the other variable to be recalculated If unchecked the compute will remain visible at all times and values will only be recalculated when you tap their 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 26 powerOne Finance button Variable Settings Each of these preferences refer to the variables within the currently selected template To set the preferences for a variable first choose it from the Variable pop up list Selecting Set All will set all the variables to the current variable s preferences Variable ints e Variable the variable to set Dec Setting 2 e Dec Setting sets the displayed decimal places float mode Disp Mode Normal displays all available decimal places 0 11 sets the decimal places ered Left 7 to that number of places J 7 Visible e Disp Mode numbers can be displayed in normal mode scientific lene le notation or
100. tangular Conversion x real r 8 Returns the x coordinate given polar coordinates r and 0 Radians to Degrees Conversion degrees value Returns degrees equivalent of value radians Rectangular to Polar Conversion r abs x y Returns polar coordinate r given rectangular coordinates x and y Rectangular to Polar Conversion 8 angle x y Returns polar coordinate 9 given rectangular coordinates x and y Sine sin value Returns sine of value Tangent tan value Returns tangent of value 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Appendix 91 5 2 Error Cases Error messages appear when calculations cannot be successfully completed This section documents the cases where error messages Occur Mathematical Errors e Overflow or underflow occurs in the calculation e Divide by 0 e Reciprocal when x 0 e Square root when x lt 0 e Factorial when x lt 169 x gt 169 e Natural log when x lt 0 e Permutations when n lt 0 r lt 0 orr or nis not an integer e Combinations when n lt 0 r lt 0 or r orn is not an integer e Used too many levels of parentheses e Entered a number outside the range of 1e 308 to 1e308 and e 1e 308 to 1e308 Templates e General math errors Statistics e The total number of occurrences for all data points is 1 or O e All x or y values are the same e Rerrors if Standard or Sample Deviation is an error Cash Flows e NPV interest
101. te per compounding period expressed as a percentage Equivalent to 1 percent 100 periods 1 jpercent 100 except for usfv percent 0 0 usfv 0 periods periods Uniform Series Present Value USPV uspv percent periods Returns the present value of a series of 1 00 payments periods is the number of payments percent is the interest rate per compounding period expressed as a percentage Equivalent to 1 percent 100 periods 1 percent 100 1 percent 100 periods except for uspv percent 0 0 usfv 0 periods periods 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Appendix 79 5 1 2 Calculus Functions Derivative Function d dx nderiv expression variable value Returns an approximate numerical derivative of expression with respect to variable at value with optional specified tolerance s Default value of s 10 e g nderiv x 2 x 3 calculates the gradient of the curve x at the point where x 3 Integral Function J fnint expression variable lower upper stepsize Uses numerical integration Gauss Kronrod to return the integral of expression with respect to variable between lower and upper limits The default value for optional parameter stepsize is 1 20 of the range between lower and upper Note that making stepsize small relative to the range increases accuracy but also the time taken to perform the integration e g fnint x 2 x 3 3 calculates the a
102. teger whole number within a range specified by ower and upper integer bound Random Number rand rand Returns a random real number between 0 and 1 Sum of x x sumx datalist occlist Returns the sum of the values in the list of values datalist occlist is an optional argument that can contain a list of occurrences corresponding to the values in datalist Sum of x x sumx2 datalist occlist Returns the sum of the squares of the values in the list of values datalist occlist is an optional argument that can contain a list of occurrences corresponding to the values in datalist Standard Deviation Population cn stddevp datalist occlist Returns the population standard deviation of list datalist occlistis an optional argument that can contain a list of occurrences corresponding to the values in datalist Standard Deviation Sample o 1 stddev datalist occlist Returns the sample standard deviation of list datalist occlistis an optional argument that can contain a list of occurrences corresponding to the values in datalist Variance Population c varp datalist occlist Returns the population variance of list datalist occlistis an optional argument that can contain a list of occurrences corresponding to the values in datalist Variance Sample o 17 var datalist occlist Returns the sample variance of list datalist occlist is an optional argument that can contain a list of
103. ter interest rate 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 52 powerOne Finance 4 1 5 Bonds Bond computations are used to calculate corporate or municipal bond investments These computations include two day count methods actual or 30 360 and four coupon per year settings once twice four or twelve times per year The Display The bond template includes a series of variables Date Basis computations based on actual actual month year method or the 30 360 method See Calendar Date computations for more information on each of these Template Options Help methods Date Basis 30 360 Pmt Basis Semi Annual Pmt Basis How often the coupon payments occur 1 2 4 Sett Date ved 8 4 1998 or 12 times per year Mat Date Tue 11304999 Cpn Rate 13 Sett Date the settlement or purchase date Ramptn Val 100 00 Yield 13 75 Price 98 01 Acc Intrst 2 67 Mat Date the maturity orcall date This date always occurs after the settlement date This date is called a call date when the issuer can pay off the bond before the maturity date Maturity date can also be called the cl D redemption date Clear Done Cpn Rate the annual coupon rate as a percentage This is the annual interest rate printed on the bond and is used to determine the coupon payment the periodic payment of interest This value is entered as a percentage For example 7 25 is entered as 7 25 Rdmptn Val the rede
104. terest earned also earns interest Computations such as loans leases mortgages annuities and savings accounts are examples of compound interest problems In time value problems positive and negative numbers have different meanings positive numbers are inflows of cash cash received while negative numbers are outflows cash paid Acar loan for instance may have a positive present value because money was received from the loan company but will have a negative payment amount since this is money that will be paid back to the loan company The Display The TVM display includes a series of variables and buttons Pmt Timing the payment timing Payments occur at the beginning or end of the period Payments made at the beginning of the period are called Annuity Due Most Template Options Help leases are this kind A payment made at the end of the Pmt Timing End period is called an Ordinary Annuity Most loans are this Present Val 120 000 00 kind Future Val 0 00 Payment 681 35 Present Val the present value Intrst r 5 50 Periods 360 Future Val the future value Periods Yr 12 Cmpndsiyr 12 Payment payment amount per period Intrst Yr interest per year as a percentage For _Glear Done xPy _ Pv _Amort Periods number of total periods This number is the number of years and months times the periods per year For example if the loan is 4 years with 12 payments per year monthly payments pe
105. that are specific to Pocket PC devices Help Context sensitive help is available throughout the application by tapping the Windows start menu icon in the top left corner of the display scrolling to the bottom of the Windows start menu and selecting Help Menu Bar When the manual refers to menu options they are available in the menu bar shown above Keyboard Navigation The keyboard can be used instead of the mouse for navigation Main Calculators Start Menu Menu Bar Keystroke Function Keystroke Function 0 Zero lt Backspace gt Backspace 1 One c C C CE 2 Two lt delete gt C CE 3 Three Add 4 Four Subtract 5 Five Multiply 6 Six Divide 7 Seven Equals Enter 8 Eight lt Enter gt Equals Enter lt return gt 9 Nine Lt Paren Decimal Pt Rt Paren n N Sign m M Memory e E Exponent f F Function Button 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Getting Started 5 Templates Keystroke Function Scroll Arrows Scroll through buttons variables in the template lt space gt lt Enter gt Displays the data input screen for the chosen variable c C Calculates the chosen variable if available designated by a in the right hand column v V Displays the variable choices for the currently selected variable if available designated by a box surrounding the variable name Input Calcula
106. to Buy With a lease often there is an amount to be paid up front and an option to buy at the back end A company is leasing a machine for 4 years Monthly payments are 2 400 an additional 2 400 payment at the beginning of the leasing period replaces the final payment The leasing agreement includes an option to buy the machine for 15 000 at the end of the leasing period What is the capitalized value of the lease assuming that the interest rate paid to borrow the funds is 18 compounded monthly Part 1 Find the present value of the payments Variable Enter Comments Tap the Clear button Sets the display to its default values Pmt Timing Beg Future Val 0 Payment 2 400 Intrst Yr 18 00 Periods 47 4 years at 12 per year less 1 advance payment Periods Yr 12 Cmpnds Yr 12 Calculating shows present value equal to 81 735 58 Recall this to the input screen and save it to memory Part 2 Present Value of the buy option continued Variable Enter Comments Future Val 15 000 Payment 0 Periods 48 Calculating shows present value equal to 7 340 43 Part 3 Calculate continued Recall the present value to the input screen by selecting the Present Value s amount Add in present value of the payments stored in memory and 2 400 for the advanced payment The answer is 91 476 00 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Included Templates 45
107. ton is selected the answer will return as the last guess To speed execution and increase the likelihood of an answer change the max and min range settings in the Variable Preferences In some cases the solver can calculate an answer directly without iterating to an answer In this case max and min range settings are not available 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 34 powerOne Finance 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Included Templates 4 Included Templates The following templates are supplied with the application listed by category Finance e Black Scholes e Bond e Cash Flow e Depreciation ACRS e Depreciation e Interest Conversion e Simple Interest e TVM Business e Breakeven e Discount e Markup e Percent Change e Percent Total e Profit Margin e Sales Tax e Tip Convert Conversion e Area e Currency e Length e Mass e Temperature e Volume Stats Statistics 35 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 36 powerOne Finance e Statistics Calendar e Date e Time Solver Equation Solver e New Template e My Templates e Any templates placed in the Solver category by the user 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Included Templates 37 4 1 Finance 4 1 1 TVM Time value of money is the process of earning compound interest over a period of time Compound interest problems assume that the in
108. tor Amount Occurrences 0 8 000 1 linitial cash outflow which occurs once 1 2 000 1 Next cash flow item is 2 000 inflow which occurs once in year 1 2 3 000 2 Next item is 3 000 inflow which occurs twice one time each in years 2and 3 3 4 000 3 Next item is 4 000 inflow which occurs three times one time each in years 4 5 and 6 Tap Save to save the cash flow data and return to the cash flow template Enter the interest per year and periods per year Variable Enter Comments Intrst Yr 15 Periods Yr 1 Calculating each of the remaining items in the template yields the following answers NPV 3 985 14 IRR 29 93 NFV 9 217 87 MIRR 23 01 NUS 1 053 02 Payback 3 periods in this case years because periods per year is one Pft Index 1 50 Total 12 000 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 48 powerOne Finance Modifying Continued from the previous problem The initial cash flow was considered incorrect by manufacturing The new estimates are as follows Year 1 500 loss Years 2 3 3 000 each year Years 4 9 2 000 each year Whatis the NPV IRR and NFV Key Enter Comments CF41 Amt 500 Change 2 000 to 500 Insert a new 3 cash flow by selecting the number labeled 3 and choosing Insert CF3 Amt 2 000 Period 3 is 2 000 inflow CF3 Occ 6 CF4 occurs six times
109. tor Screen In the number input calculator button selections are the same as in the main calculator except for the following Keystroke Function lt Enter gt lt return gt Saves the changes lt Esc gt Cancels changes Time Selector In the time selector use scroll arrows or number buttons to change each the hour minutes seconds and am pm designation Date Selector Keystroke Function lt Page Up gt lt Page Down gt Changes month lt Ctrl gt lt Page Up gt lt Ctrl gt lt Page Down gt Changes year 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 6 powerOne Finance 1 3 Windows This section of the manual describes features of the software that are specific to Windows computers In addition Windows systems have special features that other versions do not This section details those differences Help Context sensitive help is available throughout the application by selecting Help gt Contents from the application s menu F1 while in the application or choosing powerOne Finance Manual from the StartaProgramsapowerOne Finance for Windows menu Menu Bar When the manual refers to menu options they are available in the menu bar shown above Keyboard Navigation The keyboard can be used instead of the mouse for navigation Main Calculators Keystroke Function Keystroke Function 0 Zero lt Backspace gt
110. ulating price when markup 100 Time Value of Money e Interest per year is outside the allowed range Bond e yield is outside the allowed range e Settlement date is after the redemption date Sales Tax e Calculating tax rate when before tax 0 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Appendix 5 3 Contact Infinity Softworks Web www infinitysw com Email support infinitysw com Mail 1315 NW 185th Avenue 180 Beaverton OR 97006 USA Check Infinity Softworks web site for telephone support numbers and times 93 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 94 powerOne Finance 5 4 Legal and Disclaimers Infinity Softworks Inc makes no warranty either expressed or implied including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness fora particular purpose regarding any programs or book materials and makes such materials available solely on an as is basis In no event shall Infinity Softworks Inc be liable to anyone for special collateral incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials and the sole and exclusive liability of Infinity Softworks Inc regardless of the form of action shall not exceed the purchase price of this application Moreover Infinity Softworks Inc shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party powerOne Fin
111. un the application The skin will be imported automatically To install a skin from an expansion card select Skins from the powerOne button Choose Import to find a skin on the expansion card 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Getting Started 3 Changing Skins To change skins select Skins from the powerOne button Choose the skin by selecting it with the stylus and then select OK The calculator display will change automatically lt Default gt is the original display that came with your product Deleting Skins To delete a skin select Skins from the powerOne button Choose the skin by selecting it with the stylus and then select Delete Using Graffiti Graffiti entry is supported for both the main and input screens To learn how to draw each character see your handheld s user manual Character Function Character Function 0 Zero lt back gt lt space gt Backspace 1 One C C CE 2 Two Add 3 Three Subtract 4 Four X Multiply 5 Five Divide 6 Six Equals Enter 7 Seven Lt Paren 8 Eight Rt Paren 9 Nine S Store Decimal Pt r Recall n Sign lt return gt Save e Exponent Note that the Graffiti shift indicator is in the view window both on the main and input screens 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 4 powerOne Finance 1 2 Pocket PC This section of the manual describes features of the software
112. urn calculation is very complicated Calculating IRR uses an iterative approach to solving the problem and if there is an answer may take quite some time to calculate A few caveats to calculating internal rate of return exist First long calculations may be interrupted because an iterative limit is exceeded within the calculator itself Errors may occur in other areas as well If there is no sign change within the cash flow problem an error will occur If the cash flow will yield a negative IRR amount an error will occur A negative IRR means that there is at least one negative answer and possibly multiple negative and positive answers to the same cash flow question In these situations the calculator will not display an 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 46 powerOne Finance answer Finally if there are multiple sign changes two or more within the same problem there may be multiple solutions The calculator gives the IRR closest to 0 but extreme caution should be used in basing an investment on this type of cash flow See the Understanding Cash Flows section for more information Another method for solving IRR problems is by estimating an interest per year value and calculating net present value NPV Internal rate of return is calculated by solving for NPV when it is equal to 0 With this in mind by estimating an interest per year amount you can solve forthe internal rate of return The closer to a net present value of
113. uters from File on the menu bar of the 51500 main calculator select Calculation Log 39 67 To scroll the list choose the scroll arrows or scroll buttons 3967 X For Pocket PC and Palm OS the calculations log holds the Parry last 20 computations For Windows the last 500 computations are stored 0 coc L 0 CEC Done Print 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 22 powerOne Finance 2 4 Structure of the Function List The f x button displays all available math functions associated with powerOne Finance These functions are broken into categories for faster access as follows Math Number Trigonometric trig Statistics stats Stack Percent x Last Trigonometric functions sin cos tan Permutations nPr Drop drop Power y Round rnd Arc trigonometric Combinations nCr Duplicate dup functions asin acos atan Root Vx Show Hyperbolic function Factorial x Move move sinh cosh tanh X Squared x Greatest Common Denominator gcd Arc hyperbolic functions asnh acsh atnh Random number rand Rotate clockwise rot Square root Vx Lowest Common Multiple lcm Normal S Distribution nDist Rotate Reverse counter clockwise rotr Reciprocal 1 x Absolute value abs Swap swap Natural Log In Exponential notation
114. values correspond to n r n r Factorial fact va ue Returns factorial of value where 169 lt value lt 170 and value cannot be a negative integer value but it can be a negative non integer or any positive value Maximum value of x maxx datalist Returns the maximum of the values in the list of values datalist Mean u meanx datalist occlist Returns the mean of the values in the list of values Oatalist occlistis an optional argument that can contain a list of occurencies corresponding to the values in datalist Median median datalist occlist Returns the median of list datalist with optional frequency list occlist Minimum value of x minx datalist Returns the minimum of the values in the list of values datalist Normal Standard Distribution Cumulative normsdist upperlimit A Returns area under the standard normal distribution curve u ae 0 o 1 bounded by an upper limit of upperlimit upper imi Occurrences n countx datalist freglist Returns the total number of data points contained in list datalist with optional frequency list occlist 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks 88 powerOne Finance Permutations nPr npr n r Returns the number of permutations of n taken rat atime n rmust be integer values where 0 lt n r lt 170 Returned values correspond to n n r Random Integer randint randint ower upper Returns a random in
115. where order of operations is uncertain use parentheses in the formula Spaces are ignored Often when the equation is strung together on the screen without any spaces it is difficult to see Use spaces to help There is no implied multiplication If an equation shows z 1 h that needs to be entered as z 1 h Often an either or situation exists when performing a calculation If statements are used to express these relationships 1997 2003 Infinity Softworks Using the Templates 31 3 6 2 Accessing Custom Templates There are multiple methods for accessing custom templates The first is to select it from the main calculator s template bar like any other template The second is to use the My Templates list available in the Solver category of the template bar My Templates shows all custom templates created or A F My Templates imported into the program and offers a central location to easily start a new template or open edit beam PalmOS Template only import export or delete existing templates To start a new template select the New button at the bottom of Fractions Open the display To work with an existing template select that miele Edit template and choose an option from the list i E Diin Export e Open starts the template for calculation Quadratic AAS e Edit puts the template in edit mode by returning the equation to the equation entry view

Infinity PowerOne Finance 4.2 (21130) for PC

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