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Teledyne 2103 Network Router User Manual

1. pk ait A a io e atte E in AUXILIARY KE A y FLOW 2 4 CRITICAL AUXILIARY A D d i LEM AUXILIARY FLOW De Ri Se FLOW VALVE p wa SI ORIFICE 2 d Se Co Qe X Q AEROSOL wo LARGE INLET 3 LPM PARTICLE PANEL DRAIN REMOVAL LINE SCREEN Figure 9 7 Model 651 Flow Schematic The instructions below describe the procedure for checking the aerosol sample flow Use a similar procedure to check the auxiliary and transport flows To check the aerosol flow follow these instructions 1 With the instrument powered on press SETUP on the Home screen then press INLET FLOW 2 Select 0 12 L min as the setting This value is nominal for the aerosol sample flow Your actual inlet flow value may be slightly different and depends on characteristics of the critical sample flow orifice The actual flow for your orifice is displayed as an 07506C DCN6727 83 Maintenance Service and Troubleshooting Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 instrument Flow Constant status value on the ADDITIONAL STATUS screen 3 Attach an accurate external flow meter such as a bubble meter or Gilibrator brand or BGI Tetracal available from TAPI to either the Model 651 sample inlet or the aerosol inlet and measure the inlet flow Aerosol Inlet A T T are Gilibrator A are Figure 9 8 External Flow Meter Attached to Model 651 4 From the HOME screen select STATUS MORE ADDITIONAL STATU
2. SAMPLE TIME Select a sample time for updating the display graph Choices are 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec 5 sec 6 sec 10 sec 12 sec 15 sec 20 sec 30 sec 60 sec VACUUM Turn the vacuum valve on off INLET FLOW Set the inlet flow Choices are 3 L min total flow 0 12 L min sample flow and 0 6 L min transport flow SET TIME Set the time for the internal real time clock used for data logging purposes MORE Takes you to the NETWORK SETUP screen NETWORK SET Set up network connections including UP NETWORK ADDRESS MASK and GATEWAY MORE Takes you to the ADDITIONAL SETUP screen ADDITIONAL Specify the ANALOG OUTPUT and LOGGING SETUP time ANALOG Set an analog voltage range for the output OUTPUT LOGGING Choose intervals for logging data 07506C DCN6727 47 Instrument Operation Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 The following pages contain descriptions of the SETUP options SAMPLE TIME SETUP SAMPLE TIME Select a sample time in seconds for the on screen graph Press the SAMPLE TIME button to scroll through the settings Sample Time choices are 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 12 15 20 30 and 60 seconds If you intend to gather data for long periods of time use the longer sample times to reduce the number of data files VACUUM SETUP VACUUM Select one of the following vacuum settings ON AFTER Turns on the vacuum Message displays during WARMUP the warm up process ON Turns on the
3. Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 07506C DCN6727 Ai Brea 2 Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 NP VANCED POLLUTION INSTRUMENTATION ULTRAFINE PARTICLE MONITOR MODEL 651 Figure 2 7 Installing Model 651 in a Rack 2 Place the Model 651 in the rack When mounting the instrument in a rack location be certain that the back panel power on off switch is accessible or that a readily accessible means of disconnecting power is provided Connecting the USB Cable Connect the provided USB cable to the USB connector on the back panel of the Model 651 If you have placed the monitor in a rack you can use an extension cord to connect the port at the back of the instrument to the port on the rack mount handle to give you easy access to the USB port Connecting Power and Warming up the Model 651 After you connect the power the warm up process takes approximately 20 minutes Follow these instructions to connect the power and warm up the Model 651 1 Plug the power cord provided with the Model 651 into the power connector 100 to 240 VAC 50 60 Hz 175 W on the back panel 2 Plug the cord into an earth grounded AC power source 100 to 240 VAC 50 to 60 Hz 175 W 31 Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Connection to an improperly grounded electrical source may cause a severe shock hazard ensure that the ground is secure 3
4. cm3 N is the number of particle counted t is the sample time corrected for dead time Q is the sample flow rate in cm second The number of particles in the measured sample is one of the limiting factors of how low a particle concentration can be precisely determined To calculate low particle concentrations the Totalizer uses the elapsed time as the sample time in the above calculation The formula for this statistical precision is VN On ae ck where Onis the relative standard deviation in percent N is the number of particle counts in the sample For a sample of 10 000 particles the statistical precision is 1 greater accuracy than that of the instrument At 100 particles the statistical uncertainty increases to 10 and becomes a significant factor in determining the aerosol concentration The Totalizer allows 63 Particle Counting 64 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 for increased statistical precision at low particle concentrations through the use of longer sample times When a particle enters the optical viewing volume and is being detected no other particles can be counted As the particle concentration increases the amount of time blocked by the presence of particles becomes significant If the particle concentration were computed using elapsed time the value would be under reported therefore the actual sample time needs to be corrected for this blocked or dead time To adjust for t
5. 0 00 127 cm3 min The Status screens display the following information Status Description Represented in particles cm Pulse Height The signal height in mV The pulse height varies with particle concentration and is useful for indicating problems with the wick Optics Temp Temperature of the Optics in degrees Celsius A normal Optics temperature is 60 C Growth Tube Temp Temperature of the Growth Tube in degrees Celsius A normal Growth Tube temperature is 60 C Conditioner Temp Temperature of the Conditioner in degrees Celsius A normal Conditioner temperature is 20 C Vacuum The vacuum pressure in mbars must be less than half of the inlet pressure Inlet Pressure The atmospheric pressure in mbars This parameter is preset and can be used to indicate a blockage 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Instrument Operation Status Description Nozzle Pressure The pressure difference upstream and downstream of the optics assembly Should be 100 a 10 drop in nozzle pressure indicates a nozzle clog Separator Temp Temperature of the Separator in degrees Celsius A normal Separator temperature is 7 C Flow Constant Represented in particles cm Compensates for any variations in orifice diameter SETUP Screens HOME SETUP Pressing the SETUP button on the home screen takes you to the SETUP screen where you can set the following operating parameters
6. Turn on the instrument The Home screen appears on the display and reads Warmup During the warm up process status messages are displayed at the top left of the home screen WARMUP e zg senn la 12 lz 12 14 12 0 00 AA Cm Flow Mode 3 0 LPM Figure 2 8 Warm up Screen 4 When the warm up is complete if all conditions for operation are in place the display reads Ready If you do not see the Ready message check the settings 32 07506C DCN6727 CHAPTER 3 Moving and Shipping the Model 651 Use the information in this chapter to prepare the Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 for moving or shipping Caution Prevent Damage and Avoid Invalidating the Warranty The Model 651 operates using water as a working fluid Do not tip the instrument more than 10 degrees during normal operation or you may flood the optical system Do not e Ship an undried instrument e Transport an undried instrument over long distances e Subject an undried instrument to freezing temperatures Any of the above actions can result in the flooding of the optical system performance degradation and possible damage to the instrument Such neglect is not covered under the manufacturer s warranty Moving the Model 651 Short Distances You can successfully transport the Model 651 short distances from one lab to another or even a short drive in a vehicle without draining it first However do not tip the instrument g
7. e 9 16 inch wrench e 7 64 inch hex driver e A inch thick walled plastic tubing e Water supply Note Use either distilled lt 6 ppm or HPLC water Do not use tap water Remove Protective Caps After unpacking the Model 651 remove the protective caps from the AEROSOL INLETs on the front and back panels of the instrument and from the PUMP EXHAUST Then remove the covers from the BNC connectors Connecting the Water Supply The Model 651 uses a gravity fed water fill system Note To prevent the water from draining back into the bottle during operation the bottle must always be placed at a higher level than the instrument 07506C DCN6727 25 Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 26 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 To connect the water supply follow these instructions 1 Using a 7 64 inch hex driver mount the water supply bottle bracket to the front or back of the particle counter using the provided bottle bracket mounting screws The figure below shows the bracket mounted on the back mELASS 1 LASER PRODUCT Ne IS N COMPLETE COMPLANCE Reg CFE AC WO WOOP K ER Ka 4 Figure 2 1 Connecting the Water Supply 2 Fill the water supply bottle with either distilled lt 6 ppm or HPLC water and place the bottle in the bracket Note A filled water supply bottle will typically allow the Model 651 to operate for more than the 4 weeks wick replacement interval If water is added betw
8. is also provided Computer Interface 07506C DCN6727 The Model 651 provides four interfaces to allow for flexible data collection and instrument control This section of the manual includes information about the following data interfaces e Ethernet e Flash Drive e USB e RS 232 Serial Although four interfaces are provided you can only use one ata time The Serial and USB data interfaces share a common communications channel to the Model 651 microcontroller Data input to the Model 651 from the Serial interface is exclusive from input via the USB interface Communications can be received from the Serial interface until a connection is linked to the USB port When the link is established communications can be received via the USB port but not from the Serial port When the USB link is terminated the Serial port can be used Ethernet The Ethernet port on the Model 651 can provide system status information or instrument control over a network In the instructions below the client is used Please note that Telnet feature is not included with Windows Vista or Windows 7 operating system and must it must be enabled to be used 67 Computer Interface Commands and Data Collection Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 To enable Telnet in Windows 7 operating system follow these instructions 1 From the Start menu choose Control Panel and then choose Programs and Features 2 Choose Turn Windows features
9. will immediately begin to re build In some conditions a charge 95 Primer on Electro Static Discharge Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 96 large enough to damage a component can rebuild in just a few seconds Always store sensitive components and assemblies in anti ESD storage bags or bins Even when you are not working on them store all devices and assemblies in a closed anti Static bag or bin This will prevent induced charges from building up on the device or assembly and nearby static fields from discharging through it Use metallic anti ESD bags for storing and shipping ESD sensitive components and assemblies rather than pink poly bags The famous pink poly bags are made of a plastic that is impregnated with a liquid similar to liquid laundry detergent which very slowly sweats onto the surface of the plastic creating a slightly conductive layer over the surface of the bag While this layer may equalizes any charges that occur across the whole bag it does not prevent the build up of static charges If laying on a conductive grounded surface these bags will allow charges to bleed away but the very charges that build up on the surface of the bag itself can be transferred through the bag by induction onto the circuits of your ESD sensitive device Also the liquid impregnating the plastic is eventually used up after which the bag is as useless for preventing damage from ESD as any ordinary plastic b
10. 25 0 0 00 150 STATIC 0 55 3 4 F3 DA 192 168 20 201 2 IIWADJDZYAI WO 192 168 20 1 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands 07506C DCN6727 RCT Read Current Time RCT reads the current time RCT Command RCT OP Response yyyy mm dd hh mm ss yyyy year mm month 1 12 dd day 1 31 hh mm ss time hours minutes seconds Read Current Time Response 2012 12 18 20 22 19 Year 2012 Month December Day 18 Hour 8 pm Minutes 22 Seconds 19 RD Read Displayed Concentration RD is a legacy command that reads the displayed concentration in particles cms Command RD Response X cm floating point number 0 00 1 00e Command RD Read Displayed Concentration Response 346 1 A 5 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 RIE Read Instrument Errors RIE reads the instrument errors displayed as a 16 bit integer in hexadecimal format The number may be a combination of the values of more than one flag RIE RIE Response Bit 0 x XXXX Bit Hexadecimal character A F When the bit is set the parameter is in error XXXX 4 digit number Ox0001 Conditioner Temperature OX0002 Growth Tube Temperature Ox0004 Optics Temperature Ox0008 Vacuum Level Ox0020 Laser Status Ox0040 Water Level Ox0080 Concentration Over range Ox0100 Pulse
11. L laser E 47 laser circuit DOANE eid sities pandil dri die poban kari dous pouki kaa dous pate 46 liser CH EE MN go fi ay n aa kl kk kaa ek a ak n e a e a e kak a pl n l 55 laser UE 44 tee IN liquid lines DERG PO OL ko al a ka e a ameter ka n acter tas AE te afe abit 96 re HI ME COU ING a g peta kaa salam od do a kad kes ae 12 logging CHOOSING EE 60 OW AOW WAS cca otan kanta taka cee oi oti ae ee enki 24 lOW TOW MOQ ki pi at kn st kav po ok td e kon a Epa aa pe a 24 low particle concenti ation S ve ki ek aa or lta e po tk ap n ki pt a n 73 ee 44 M ALA LAN OAC WE 47 main circuit DONC it era tk fa aa ea ek ame a ee e Se ea k 47 ENEE HE 87 MAINTENANCE precaution Sik aa oak a ki oak li pa eerste 87 TA YO OKE ANN ALON EE XXi Model 651 EPC Ee E 51 WON A rere omer oo e err mere 80 Eed 56 07506C DCN6 27 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 KANON l NO faz teat ay dan ae Reece aa fasta es t denies aso a a e ia epe a a 41 N network HOW LO SOU Die abi isk a kan ko pe e ank eko ka kisoi sann 58 network address NOWO Wi Le 59 network gateway HOW TOUA ANNO olie kakaw kado fai a eee oke ae pies 59 network mask Howto Ren Le 59 NEEWOLK SCE UD ia ta at Sth d t aj e kel e ale lk ea ee 56 HAH SE CUP serce Vs bb kr ked Pak kk ok kk ap e epe e kk ik ka 58 Nozze Taull a kale fai kin a aske eki ao ask DAN 44 98 nozzle JACK SOLOW euscadiensis 90 nozzle PL S SOULE ee Ee 55 O operatie PRECIUAON Gi kr a a a 51 O
12. PARAMETER Min detectable particle Dso Max detectable particle Single Particle Counting 0 to 10 particles cm with continuous live time coincidence correction Particle Concentration Accuracy Measurement Accuracy 10 at 10 particles cm Response Time T95 High flow mode 3 L min 3 sec to 95 in response to concentration step change Low flow mode 0 6 L min lt 5 sec to 95 in response to concentration step change High flow inlet 3 0 3 L min Low flow inlet 0 6 0 06 L min 18 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Product Overview PARAMETER Aerosol flow rate False background counts Aerosol medium Ambient temp range Ambient humidity range 0 to 90 non condensing Inlet Pressure Operation Inlet pressure operation 50 to 110 KPa 0 5 to 1 1 atm absolute Inlet pressure gauge 1 to 5 kPa 20 inch H20 Water System Condensing liquid Distilled water Water system External 1 liter bottle for up to 4 weeks of operation Water consumption instrument accessories Protocol ASCII command set RS 232 9 pin D Sub connector Type B connector USB 2 0 compatible at 12 MB Ethernet 8 wire RJ 45 jack 10 100 BASE T TCP IP Data Logging Data logging USB Flash drive Averaging interval Data averaging interval of 1 3600s 1 2 4 5 6 10 12 15 20 30 or 60s software provides more avg options Digital display 9 inch QVGA color touch screen with graphical interface Graph of conc vs
13. Run the instrument for 6 to 8 hours to dry it out When the flow returns to normal the instrument is dry Reconnect the water bottle If concentrations do not return to normal return the instrument to TAPI for repair Check that the water bottle is filled and connected correctly Make sure that the bottle is placed at a higher level than the instrument to provide for the gravity flow fill mechanism If the problem persists return the instrument to TAPI for repair If the suspected concentration is above 100 cm then replace the wick and make sure water is connected to the instrument If all other status indicators are normal the optics module must be replaced Return the instrument to TAPI for replacement of the optics module by a qualified service technician Replace the clock battery located on the main electronics board with a BR1225 Panasonic or equivalent 89 Maintenance Service and Troubleshooting Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Technical Assistance If this manual and its troubleshooting repair sections do not solve your problems technical assistance may be obtained from Teledyne API Technical Support 9480 Carroll Park Drive San Diego California 92121 5201USA Toll free Phone 800 324 5190 Phone 858 657 9800 Fax 858 657 9816 Email sda_techsupport teledyne com Website http www teledyne api com Returning the Model 651 for Service 90 Before returning the Model 651 to T
14. The elbow tube should line up with the nozzle 28 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 07506C DCN6727 Elbow Tube Inlet Screen Assembly Captive Screw Figure 2 4 Connecting the Aerosol Supply to Inlet Screen Assembly 5 Turn the captive screws to secure the inlet screen assembly in place Tighten with hex key supplied with the instrument Figure 2 5 Securing Inlet Screen Assembly in Place 6 If you have not already done so remove the protective cap from the VACUUM inlet on the back panel 29 Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 7 Connect an external vacuum source to the VACUUM inlet using the vacuum tubing provided with the instrument and a 9 16 inch wrench to tighten the Swagelok fitting Vacuum Inlet Figure 2 6 Connecting External Vacuum Source Installing the Model 651 in a Rack Before you can install the Model 651 instrument in a rack you must attach the rack mount brackets To attach the rack mount brackets follow these instructions 1 Using a 1 8 inch hex driver and the mounting screws provided with the particle monitor attach the rack mount brackets to the front sides of the instrument Note The bracket with the USB port should be attached to the front right of the instrument Swagelok is a registered trademark of Swagelok Company 30 07506C DCN6727
15. ULTRAFINE PARTICLE MONITOR MODEL 651 Indicator Light Inlet Screen Assembly Figure 4 1 Model 651 Front Panel Display The QVGA color LCD display provides continuous real time display of sample data as well as user menus and status information Pressing the display buttons allows you to move from one screen to another or to record settings 07506C DCN6727 35 Instrument Description 36 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Status Messages Status messages display at the top of the home screen The indicators are as follows Low Water Water level is low Warmup Instrument is warming up Laser Fault Laser fault Laser fault O Inlet Pressure Fault Vacuum Fault Nozzle Fault Absolute Pressure Fault Optics Temp Fault Optics temperature is out of range Growth Tube Temp Fault Growth Tube temperature is out of range Conditioner Temp Fault Conditioner temperature is out of range Separator Temp Fault Water Separator temperature is out of range Pulse Height Fault Low particle pulse height Ready Warm up process has finished and the instrument is ready for use Note The status messages on the front panel display either indicate that the instrument is warming up or that there is a problem with the instrument However only one indicator can display ata time Check the Status screen for more details about potential problems Indicator Light The blue indicator light on the front panel flashes
16. a workbench using a plastic handled screwdriver or even the constant jostling of StyrofoamTM pellets during shipment can also build hefty static charges Table 10 1 Static Generation Voltages for Typical Activities MEANS OF GENERATION 65 90 RH 10 25 RH Walking across nylon carpet 1 500V 35 000V Walking across vinyl tile 250V 12 000V Worker at bench 100V 6 000V Poly bag picked up from bench 1 200V 20 000V Moving around in a chair padded 1 500V 18 000V with urethane foam How Electro Static Charges Cause Damage 92 Damage to components occurs when these static charges come into contact with an electronic device Current flows as the charge moves along the conductive circuitry of the device and the typically very high voltage levels of the charge overheat the delicate traces of the integrated circuits melting them or even vaporizing parts of them When examined by microscope the damage caused by electro static discharge looks a lot like tiny bomb craters littered across the landscape of the component s circuitry A quick comparison of the values in Table 15 1 with the those shown in the Table 15 2 listing device susceptibility levels shows why Semiconductor Reliability News estimates that approximately 60 of device failures are the result of damage due to electro static discharge 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Primer on Electro Static Discharge 07506C DCN6727 Table10 2 Sensitivi
17. input ZZAs a floating point number from 0 00 to 10 00 Command RA o Read Analog Input Voltage Response Voltage 5 22 V 07506C DCN6727 A 3 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 RALL Read Operating Condition RALL reads the Model 651 s operating condition calibration parameters and diagnostic parameters RALL Command Response X a list of operating condition calibration parameters and diagnostic parameters see below Command RALL Response Model 651 Ver 1 01 S N 83031002 ROM Checksum Service Date Cal Reminder Num On time Las time Laser SP mA Detect Offset Thrsh HV Photo Ejection Rate Cap Flow SP Offset Value Nozzle SP Offset Val Flow ABS Raw Mbar Inlet_Cap Deadtime Corr Vals Inlet SP Temp Drive Cal Optics SP Temp Drive GT SP Temp Drive Cond SP Temp Drive Zero Current ma Sep SP Temp Drive Zero Current ma Fill Cond Thresh GT Thresh Analog Output DAC Span Offset Analog Input ADC Span Offset Cabinet SP Temp bits Particle Conc Pulse Height Threshold Network Setting DHCP State MAC Address IP Address Subnet Mask Gateway Address Temp Read Analog Input Voltage 356E Ot S30 OU LO S306 491510 389230 Ee E 31007 1257 T0000 60 ZS 00 pon 2547 U2oy hey 0 S267 OO 10 1177 84 OU AZI On ZL 600 503 L023 GWO oz 1023 peU0 200 F037 Ke 200 200 66 8505 AOU Zl POD L291 9801 100 1722 1722
18. kos ao e ai ao babe 56 Temperature Control 57 VACUUM SUN DIY e te ion e said on ka ie ot e bio eee cies ei 57 Inlet Pressure Measurement cc ccc cecceeeeceeeeceeeeceeeseeeeseeeeseeeeaes of Water Removal Gvstem 58 Counting Efficiency and Response Time of the Model 651 58 CHAPTER anes oe cS ea ca ede kabonik an oi Dan oo da n oi 61 Ne et E OUT ENN L ot k s e ese po los ta a a se ek ai en kaa a dega ta ao mea seek ei sese aaa pe e Da ian A 61 Total Count ek kote kan ata a do a n a ak a ot e 61 LiVe Time e En ee EE 62 Concentration Measurement nannnennnnannnennnnnnnnnnnrnnnnnrrnrrernrrnrrrnne 63 Totalize ee 65 CHAPTER eege ese popo EEEREN 67 Computer Interface Commands and Data Collection ccccssssssssssees 67 elle gll E LE 67 X 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Contents 07506C DCN6727 PINGING ieee tee eege 67 Flash MB EE 69 Bi 72 RS 232 Serial COMMUNICATIONS cece ececceseeeeceeececaeeeeceeeesaeeesenes 72 Terminal Communications oanneaneennennnnnnnoennnennnsnrnnenrnnrrnnrrrenenne 73 COM AN OS EE 74 EE 77 Maintenance Service and Troubleshooting eeeeeeeeeesessesosoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooen TI REMOVING ING COVER EE 78 Replacement Parts Kits A 78 Removing and Installing the Wuck 79 Changing NEF ONS ee wob saka el en e tt aa tik kk l ma Si nan afe jon l s plise fade 81 Aerosol Flow Checks cccccse
19. of the Pulse Height indication is that is requires the presence of at least 50 particle pulses sec to provide information The Pulse Height fault status indication is displayed for particle concentrations over 1000 cm with a pulse height of less than 350 mV When measuring very low concentrations 10 cm3 the Pulse Height fault may be displayed even though the correct particle concentration is provided Flow System Refer to Figure 1 2 while reviewing the instrument flow information The Model 651 relies on an external vacuum supply to maintain constant flows through three critical orifices These independent flows can be verified by toggling into the different flow modes Orifice Description 0 12 L min aerosol Carries the aerosol to be sampled This is not sample flow mode user selectable 3 0 L min auxiliary Provides a higher flow rate for use with sampling flow mode systems Note 2 4 L min auxiliary flow is removed to leave a transport flow of 0 6 L min 0 6 L min transport Reduces particle losses flow mode Note 0 48 L min transport flow is removed to leave a sample flow of 0 12 L min The flow rate through the sensor is always 0 12 L min independent of the inlet flow rate setting Problems with the aerosol flow can be detected by monitoring the pressure drop across the nozzle and verifying that the critical orifice pressure is maintained Critical Flow To achieve the 0 12 L min sample flow through the senso
20. on the Home screen and low Nozzle Pressure lt 50 indicated on the Status screen Nozzle fault indicated on the Home screen and high Nozzle Pressure gt 300 indicated on the Status screen 88 Low sample flow Likely causes There is an obstruction in the Sample Flow Orifice The Sample Flow Filter is wet This may result after a flooding incident or result from poor performance of the Water Separator Water present in the pressure transducer sample lines The pressure over the nozzle is high indicating that the nozzle may be plugged or the path ahead of the nozzle is obstructed Obstruction may be due to an improperly installed twisted wick or the presence of excess water Verify 0 12 L min inlet flow as described in the Flow Checks section of this chapter If flow is OK check for the presence of water in the Pressure Transducer sample lines The Sample Orifice is likely clogged or dirty and needs cleaning or replacement Replace the Sample filter if it appears wet A wet filter may indicate flooding or poor performance of the Water Separator The problem may be seen as presence of water in the tubing immediately upstream of the filter Replace the Sample Filter Also mark flow direction with a marker and remove the filter Screen found downstream of the Sample Filter Use compressed air to blow back through the Screen to remove trapped material Replace the Screen in its original orientation as indic
21. the display the TOTALIZER continues to run it can only be stopped by pressing STOP TOTALIZER TOTALIZER HOME 1 2404 Conc cm3 1014524 Particles 38 3 Seconds Volume cm3 52 07506C DCN6727 Theory 07506C DCN6727 CHAPTER 6 Technical Description The Model 651 is a continuous flow water based condensation particle counter that detects particles down to lt 7 nm at a sample flow rate of 0 12 L min This section describes the function of the particle counter its subsystems and its components A discussion of operation theory is given first The Model 651 acts very much like an optical particle counter However the particles are first enlarged by a condensing vapor to form easily detectable droplets Portions of the following discussion focusing on how to condense the vapor onto the particles are taken from a paper by Keady et al 1986 In heterogeneous condensation the vapor surrounding particles reaches a certain degree of supersaturation and begins to condense onto the particles In homogeneous nucleation self nucleation supersaturation is so high that condensation can take place even if no particles are present because molecules of the vapor form clusters nucleation sites due to the natural motion of the gas and attractive van der Waals forces The Model 651 operates below the supersaturation ratio to avoid homogeneous nucleation The degree of supersaturation is measured as a saturation ratio P P wh
22. the exhaust as transport flow The stream of aerosol particles is uninterrupted and follows a laminar flow path from the sample inlet to the optical detector The Model 651 particle counting process is as follows e The aerosol enters the sample inlet e In the conditioner the aerosol sample stream is saturated with water vapor and then temperature equilibrated e The sample passes to a growth tube where the wetted walls composed of a porous medium are heated to raise the vapor pressure The high diffusivity of the water vapor allows the vapor to reach the center of the sample stream at a faster rate than the thermal diffusivity of the vapor can equilibrate to the higher temperatures near the walls creating a supersaturated condition along the radius of the flow stream These unstable conditions facilitate water condensation on the sample particles e Particles that are larger than the detection limit of the Model 651 s minimum critical particle size act as condensation nuclei as they pass up the growth tube US Patent No 6 712 881 Aerosol Dynamics Inc Drs Susanne V Hering and Mark Stolzenburg 20 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Product Overview 07506C DCN6727 e The enlarged particles are passed through a laser beam and create a large light pulse Every particle pulse event is detected and counted In this technique particle concentration is measured by counting each partic
23. the host computer s operating system Download the driver to the host computer Extract unzip the driver to a blank folder Connect the computer to the Model 651 USB port SF a o Follow the Add New Hardware wizard steps and browse to the folder containing the extracted driver If the wizard does not start use the Add Hardware function on the Control Panel When the USB driver is loaded the operating system recognizes the Model 651 as a new serial device In Microsoft Windows operating system this is a new port such as COM2 or COM6 If it is not obvious which COM port is being used you can check in the computer s Device Manager To check which COM port is being used follow these instructions 1 Open the Control Panel and choose System 2 In the System Properties dialog box choose the Hardware tab and then click Device Manager 3 In the Device Manager dialog box click the sign next to Ports COM amp LPT The USB Serial Port indicates in parenthesis which COM port is being used Connect the supplied USB cable between the Model 651 USB port and a computer running the Windows based operating system RS 232 Serial Communications The communications port is configured at the factory to work with RS 232 type devices RS 232 is a popular communications standard supported by many computers The Model 651 has one 9 pin D type subminiature connector on the back panel labeled Serial Table 8 1 lists the signal
24. time concentration time and total counts and status Analog output BNC connector 0 to 10V proportional to concentration or 0 to 7V in LOG concentration mode Digital output Data download using USB RS 232 serial or Ethernet interface Calibration Calibration Recommended annually 100 to 240 VAC 50 60 HZ 175 W max 07506C DCN6727 19 Product Overview How it Works Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 PARAMETER SPECIFICATION Physical Features Front panel Display sample inlet LED particle indicator Back panel Power connector USB Ethernet RS 232 BNC output fan water fill connector pump exhaust port fill bottle and bracket 20 3 x 48 3 x 30 5 cm 8 x 19 x 12 inches Weight 9 9 Kg 22 Ibs The Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 is designed to measure the concentration of airborne particles The Model 651 draws in an air sample and counts the number of particles in that sample to provide a particle concentration value that is displayed as the number of particles detected per cubic centimeter of sampled air The Model 651 utilizes a patented laminar flow water based condensation growth technique Particles which are too small nanometer scale to scatter enough light to be detected by conventional optics are grown to a larger size by condensing water on them In this instrument an air sample is continuously drawn through the inlet via an external pump and a portion of the flow is sent to
25. to a new filter making sure the flow direction matches that of the filter you removed Direction of Flow 6 Remove the filter inline filter screen Inline Screen 7 Push the filter into the filter clip 8 Replace the instrument cover Figure 9 6 Changing Filter Aerosol Flow Checks The correct aerosol sample flow rate is essential in the determining of aerosol concentration For this reason it is important to periodically verify the sample flow rate This is especially important after changing the wick or other activity which may result in the contamination of the optics nozzle or orifice filter change To verify aerosol sample flow rate follow the instructions presented in this section The flow schematic below shows the auxiliary transport and sample flows through the Model 651 Note Check each flow after every wick change 82 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Maintenance Service and Troubleshooting OPTICAL PARTICLE DETECTOR SCREEN m SAMPLE FLOW 1 er CRITICAL SAMPLE FLOW ORIFICE TRANSPORT FLOW VALVE CRITICAL NOZZLE GROWTH TUBE WATER POROUS SEPARATOR MEDIA SATURATOR on FILL VALVE DRAIN PUMP TRANSPORT FLOW ORIFICE EXTERNAL VACUUM SHUTOFF 5 EXTERNAL VACUUM FRONT i PANEL FILL WW 1 1 Hit Co LI LI d E LA KA OPTIONAL a REAR o INLET a a SE e to Ce 0 of
26. 0 Version S N 1004 Serial Number A 11 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 SET Commands Set commands are used to set instrument parameters and data collection modes You will use the Set Mode SM command to control data collection SM Set Mode SM is used to set the data collection mode and the sample interval At the end of each sample interval the data are reported and ifina continuous mode the data are cleared internally and the next sample is started The four available modes are shown in the list below Idle No data collection Continuously collects data and reports data D record at end of every sample interval Continuously collects data and reports data S record at end of every sample interval Continuously collects data and reports data D record at end of every sample interval Concatenates S record to the D record SM Command GM nmn n mode 0 1 2 3 ttttt sample interval in 1 10 of a second Response Response issued after parameters changed Command SM 1 60 Continuous data collection response mode 1 at 6 second sample intervals Response Command Parameters not changed Response 1 60 Continuous data collection response mode 1 at 6 second sample intervals Note To stop data collection enter SM Om the Firmware Command field A 12 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 65
27. 1 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands 07506C DCN6727 SA Set Auxiliary Flow Valve SA is used to turn the auxiliary flow valve on or off When the Model 651 is powered off the setting is saved it does not revert to the default Command SA X x 0 turns valve off x 1 turns valve on Response Response issued after parameters changed Command Turns the valve off Response ok S SA o o G yO Command Response Parameter not changed current setting displayed on record SFC Set Flow Rate Calibration Constant SFC is used to set the flow rate calibration constant or to return the value of the current setting if no parameter is supplied When the Model 651 is powered off the setting is saved it does not revert to the default SFC coco 1000 1400 Response issued after parameters changed Example Command SFC 1205 Changes the flow rate constant to 120 5 cm min Response 1205 Parameter not changed Current setting displayed on record A 13 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 SP Set Pump Vacuum SP is used to turn the pump vacuum on or off The default setting at power up is On When the Model 651 is powered off the setting is saved it does not revert to the default Command SP x x 0 turns vacuum off x 1 turns vacuum on Response Response issued after parameters changed Command Turns the vacuum off Response ok SS POP Command Response Para
28. 8 data TEE 81 data file VOLE A ke et ri a af a ki a ks ee ei a pot ek a ia Sade ka ni ia 80 GALATI E 80 data NO e Le Un Le ini at a ie do an ro aa eke lak m tise styl 25 data record example sa sa a pi a n a ka aa n ka a ke kaka ae 80 data reporine TECOLdS voit sii okin alo kak kapa kare kk ro pa kl da 15 D 16 S 17 U 18 date ROU e Benn Le TE SEI 8 3 EE 80 dead ANNO ee a e ak e n kk pk ae AA a ki ak ke EES 72 74 De UO E 23 OSI Oki cen Renee E ETETE E acer ai a eee e eka e sew ee Reon ry tee Renee 62 detectable particle seein 24 detector DOALA E 47 Cigital Gis EE 25 ale CNR e TEE 25 direction Of Do 92 96 GE 43 display settings HOW LOC AN CC eet 53 E SAN OUI EE 39 MWAN ne WEE 20 A0 CIBONOM E 99 CA Ye E 37 entet IP address scie innen a eee ap ao ke paste 59 Ether NET zatann ea e lk a a pa e ape talan 71 TE MEL CTE AL ea aa a a a dated stati cin later ae ea ease tees 78 Index 1 Ethernet mtertace cece cecccceesccccesccceeececaeeceees 25 Ethernet POUL EE 49 external flow meter 94 external vacuum source EE 38 F false background coumte 25 fans OO VIV kaz ia la a a a a a kn ale n da pa e fia ka ie S 95 filters chante EE 91 92 IG 91 HLM WATS commands EEN 84 1 Eeer l flash drive EE EE 79 KA ASA CO TAW Ske kaba man Fe ab aa ae ae aba en ton e ia ka 19 HOW EEN 55 e pie a pita ati pa sise l pak ans sap so rien 47 flow Sheet etwi va ak kata n a aa art w ak a a a aa a ae 93 flow system iii kota aa ako kaki a
29. API for service visit our website at http www teledyne api com and on the left under Help Center click Return Authorization for specific return instructions TAPI recommends that you Keep the original packaging of the Model 651 for use whenever the instrument is shipped including when it is returned to TAPI for service Always seal off the sampling inlet to prevent debris from entering the instrument and dry the Model 651 before shipping refer to moving and shipping instructions for details in Chapter 3 If you no longer have the original packing material first protect the Model 651 by following the packing instructions in Chapter 10 Primer on Electro Static Discharge Then package the unit with at least 5 13 cm of shock absorbing packaging material around all six sides of the instrument 07506C DCN6727 Chapter 10 Primer on Electro Static Discharge Teledyne API considers the prevention of damage caused by the discharge of static electricity to be extremely important part of making sure that your analyzer continues to provide reliable service for a long time This section describes how static electricity occurs why it is so dangerous to electronic components and assemblies as well as how to prevent that damage from occurring How Static Charges Are Created Modern electronic devices such as the types used in the various electronic assemblies of your analyzer are very small require very little power and operate ver
30. Discharge section of this manual and for RMA procedures please refer to our Website at http www teledyne api com under Customer Support gt Return Authorization 07506C DCN6727 V VI This page intentionally left blank 07506C DCN6727 About This Manual This Model 651 manual PN 07506 is accompanied by a Quick Guide document PN 07507 which provides critical information that is critical to the proper and safe initial setup and timely maintenance and proper handling of this instrument CAUTION AVOID WARRANTY INVALIDATION Failure to comply with proper setup maintenance and handling of this instrument A will void the warranty Please read both the Quick Guide and this Operation Manual before proceeding with operation of this instrument Revision History 2013 June Model 651 Manual 07506C DCN 6727 updates to reflect hardware changes 2012 March Model 651 Manual 07506B DCN 6400 administrative corrections and specs corrections Inlet pressure power requirements max W 2012 March Model 651 Quick guide separate document 07507B DCN 6401 administrative correction 2011 August Model 651 Manual PN 07506 Rev A DCN 6190 Initial Release 2011 August Model 651 Quick Guide separate document PN 07507 Rev A DCN 6190 Initial Release 07506C DCN6727 vii This page intentionally left blank vill 07506C DCN6727 07506C DCN6727 Contents OPERATION MANUAB eegene i About Teledyne Advanced Po
31. ETWORK SETUP NETWORK SETUP NETWORK Allows you to specify the network settings The NETWORK button toggles between the settings STATIC and DHCP shown below Note If the network settings have been selected they are displayed 07506C DCN6727 otherwise they are blank ADDRESS MASK GATEWAY 49 Instrument Operation 50 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 On this screen only the network setting has been specified 197 166 10 701 255 255 255 0 192 168 10 1 On this screen all network settings have been specified ADDRESS SETUP NETWORK SETUP ADDRESS Allows you to specify an IP address for your network To set the IP Address follow these instructions 1 Press the numbers on the on screen keypad 2 When you have selected all the numbers press ENTER The IP Address is now recorded and displayed on the screen ENTER IP ADDRESS 192 165 10 210 3 Press BACK to return to the Network setup screen where the IP address is now displayed 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Instrument Operation 07506C DCN6727 MASK SETUP NETWORK SETUP MASK Allows you to specify the network mask Note The Mask must match the size of your network A typical setting is 255 255 255 0 for a small network To set the Mask follow the instructions for using the onscreen keypad to set the IP Address GATEWAY SETUP NETWORK SETUP GATEWAY A
32. Height Fault Ox0200 Absolute Pressure Ox0400 Nozzle Pressure Ox0800 Water Separator Temperature Ox1000 Warmup Ox2000 Reserved Ox4000 Service Reminder Ox8000 Reserved Read Instrument Errors Response COO Water Separator Temperature and Nozzle Pressure faults Nozzle Pressure hexadecimal 4 Water Separator hexadecimal 8 Added together they make hexadecimal C Note Hexadecimal is a numerical system using a base of 16 The symbols 0 9 represent the values zero to nine and the letters A F represent the values ten to sixteen It is a useful shorthand for computer engineering because each hexadecimal digit represents four binary digits RIF Read Aerosol Flow Rate RIF reads the inlet flow rate in liters per minute L min RIF Command RIF fT Response X Floating point number either 0 12 0 6 or 3 0 Command Read Inlet Flow Rate Response 3 0 L min 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands 07506C DCN6727 RIS Read Instrument Status RIS reads the instrument status displayed as 13 comma separated fields Response X 1 13 1 Concentration cm 2 Livetime 3 Not used in Model 651 4 Inlet Pressure mBar 5 Nozzle Pressure 6 Inlet Flow Mode 0 12 0 6 3 0 7 Analog Input Voltage mV 8 Pulse Height mV 9 Optics Temp C 10 Growth Tube Temp C 11 Conditioner Temp C 12 Water Sepa
33. JACK SCREW evit tiered dri os n iia eae e Geen eee 80 FIGURE 24 REMOVING NV EE 80 FIGURE SF LOGATION OF FILTERS EE 81 lee Ee 82 FIGURE 9 7 MODEL 651 FLOW EE HE ee eege few 83 xii 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Contents FIGURE 9 8 EXTERNAL FLOW METER ATTACHED TO MODEL 651 cccccccccccceccecccccceccccscececcsuccusueueeees 84 FIGURE 9 9 CLEANING REPLACING ORIEICES nnana onanan naonnana nannan nenna a nanan 85 FIGURE 10 1 TRIBOELECTRIC CHARGING ccc ccc ccc ee tete ae eee ee teat aaa ae aaa aaeeeaeeeaeaeseeaeeseesseseseoeeseooeoonesononnenoeoen 91 FIGURE 10 2 BASIC ANTI ESD WORK GIATION annnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnn nn annn nanena nannaa nnana annann a annann nnana ann 95 Tables TABLE 1 1 MODEL 651 SPECIF CATON EE 18 TABLE 2 1 MODEL 651 PACKING LIST EE 23 TABLE 2 2 MODEL 651 MAINTENANCE KIT PN DUOOOOi1eg cececeecececececcsueceaeeueceanees 24 TABLE 9 1 MODEL 651 MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT KITS c cccececcecececcecececcsueuaueceaeans 78 TABLE 9 2 TROUBLESHOOTING EE ene a sect eal bek e ation eg oie aa pa datas 88 TABLE 10 1 STATIC GENERATION VOLTAGES FOR TYPICAL ACTIWMIIIEGS 92 TABLE10 2 SENSITIVITY OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES TO DAMAGE BY ED 93 TABLE A 1 MODEL 651 FIRMWARE COMMAND S ea a a a a A 2 07506C DCN6727 xiii Contents Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 This page intentionally left blank Xiv 07506C DCN6727 Purpose Organization 07506C DCN6727 How
34. Maintenance Service and Troubleshooting Removing and Installing the Wick The wick should be replaced every 4 weeks 800 hours To replace a wick follow these instructions 1 Unscrew the top of the spare wick cartridge and insert a new dry replacement wick Figure 9 1 Loading New Wick Into Spare Wick Cartridge 2 With the Model 651 powered on disconnect the water supply 3 Press SETUP and turn the VACUUM to OFF 4 Loosen the thumb screws holding the inlet screen assembly in place and pull off the assembly Figure 9 2 Removing Inlet Screen Assembly 5 Loosen the sampling inlet jack screw using the supplied 1 8 Hex ball driver and slowly turn the screw As you turn the screw the nozzle and wick cartridge will gradually be pushed out of the instrument Grasp the sampling inlet and carefully pull it from the instrument 07506C DCN6727 79 Maintenance Service and Troubleshooting Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 80 Hex Wrench Figure 9 3 Nozzle Jack Screw 6 Insert spare wick cartridge loaded with a new wick wick inserted in Step 1 into the inlet assembly It is important that the flow path through the wick is uniform and clear of obstruction Visually inspect the flow channel through the cartridge before installing it on the inlet nozzle assembly to ensure that the wick is not twisted and provides a uniform flow path 7 Reinstall the sampling inlet assembly and the in
35. OU O52 TOU La YO EY PAM L YE ra ME ed Teng eR corre TOK MAWON 55 532 EE 82 USB cable CODEC Lire las konbat e piki av aste m ed w nana ek pa asa eta pea 39 USB driver TAKS EE 82 Jl EE 25 USB POUL t tayi EE 48 user settings NOW Kr 53 V VACUUM we eo ees ee ee ee 25 54 55 HOW TO CMAN GO saka ko a lk ka ak na aa ko ay aa pa e a aa ak aa aba 56 vacuum control valye 46 vacu m Eeer 44 07506C DCNG6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 vac MANA KA V L op a a ete eya at ti ra a e a eta e e ans a ane 37 38 45 VACUUM DUNN TUBING BE 31 WAC WUC SU POPO NY rot ta at n n e e n a n ta ka diran 46 66 valid network connection nneenns0ooosooeeeeeennnsssssssseeeee 79 W ADAN e EE 44 WAED aa at a as ka tp a e fal ann ak al e a ok n a al pr ala a 53 EECHER ad dat lk e w l ka wk as kd a st a a kd ten aa ae 39 warm up SCTCCEN api iian ka aki d 40 warning static UISCNAT Oenes eA l ae ale kra ret 39 40 water bottle CHE E 94 water bottle bracket wssseaie sissssatetitoes kika Eed dad yeseskdes 45 water el TI lee BEE 25 W ACCES FA MA oct ee set va a Ch no soti gies aes an ka ki aE 45 water drain bottle aa bik via ka kin e vl a ba ko ee a io kasek 31 Water ejector PUMP ccccccccccccceeccesessesseeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeess 46 Walter exhaust TI E 35 water ex Naust OULIE boye is via kola ora wa es aa aba e ka ebre pat e 41 water exhaust POU Lot ka kw ak a n aa e asa ba 66 water DIN ie Ati
36. PC NON EE it aie res eae anny ogee aa ka od an ik a ai errr 51 outdoor ele 51 Standard Proce ULES kaw ata ayi aaa laa ta tj va l ak aa a a 52 IR EE eege 62 optics head RE 46 ophics modile na ala E AN A 46 Optics te EE 54 opcs temp laule anioner l l p k a a a a e en pan a aa ken is 44 a le EE ai w a l ma kl a al an aa a lk a Da ne a teen 65 orifice MAS POC EE 96 orifices EI 95 BEE 23 p TAC KAM OAS an t oka E S 31 particle concentration calculatong 73 partiele COUNTING E 26 71 particle COUNLING CHICICNCY wer isk yes bak aj kapa ea an ki aj 66 PWOLO JE LEG LOL kra aa it kak EE 55 power DEE 39 POW T CAO Cadet laj te kl sab a tk ban ek a ni ba eti 31 power requirementb sereen i E E 29 HERSTAL 45 protective caps TOO VIO Stati kaa koke an ae ka k e ao kale ka loi paka da aaa a 33 07506C DCNG6727 NO LOCO fi tj sa a n an ot a pat e aa at ets ei ay a aaa ia 25 pulse heis AL kk lk l ea kt eege 54 63 pulse height Taubht 44 RI LO Weir ai acct e ke a an ke ka e ok ae eee rien 99 USC POU Ul te e ae a an m tee on ai bi ae ra fa e ban ak an eat 48 R rack mount WSL ALLA OM ia kaa ka pa Donk n a ae pak kk ae tea ke ak ake ia 38 rack mount bracket eeeeeeeeeeesereesrerssrresreessrreseereeeee 43 RAFCOMM aA EE 2 RALL COM DI EE 3 RGF Command EE 4 DNR ent le ME 4 Keesen nie 1 2 absolute pressure ransducer 7 ACFOSO IT OWAT ALO kap ia kaa ko e e pa e pa kn e e ep ka ri aan 5 Seu E Voltas e ased 2 cabinet ETA 9 condenser
37. R 9 Maintenance Service and Troubleshooting This chapter describes recommended maintenance procedures and is intended to be used by a service technician with skills in both electronics and mechanics Static preventative measures should be observed when handling any printed circuit board connectors Regular maintenance of the Model 651 instrument will help ensure years of useful operation however the frequency of service depends upon the frequency of use and the cleanliness of the air measured TAPI recommends annual maintenance and calibration for the Model 651 If you need to contact TAPI for assistance please have the Model 651 close to the telephone when discussing the problem with a TAPI technician WARNING Procedures described on the following pages may require removal of the instrument cover The instrument must be unplugged prior to service to prevent possible electrical shock hazard WARNING Unplug the instrument prior to removing the cover to avoid potential ARN e exposure to laser radiation Caution Whenever performing service on internal components avoid damage to the Model 651 circuitry by not stressing internal wiring through bumping snagging or pulling Also use electrostatic discharge ESD precautions Q Use only a table top with a grounded conducting surface 07506C DCN6727 Q Wear a grounded static discharging wrist strap 117 Maintenance Service and Troubleshooting Teledyne API Ultrafine P
38. R R R R R R R R R R T T T T T T T T T T D P AN HM HS IS Concentration in 1 10 second intervals float oo RI Raw counts in 1 10 second intervals integer Live time in 1 10 seconds float ly Loop las 2a k 5 a jy 2 PA L Yo oy CeO reo CaO Oya COCO es ole ay 223037 Al ISS 466740305 4795469 510 500 4935505701254 Teg pain pon epee Ee 00997 0209970 099 04 0995 0 099 0 2099 7 0 099 04 09 S gO D0 7 0000 LIYO A210 Use A 15 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 ST Set Transport Flow ST is used to turn the transport flow on or off The default setting at power up is On When the Model 651 is powered off the setting is saved it does not revert to the default Command ST X x 0 turns flow off x 1 turns flow on Response Response issued after parameters changed Command Turns the flow off Response ok SSCS SI 1 yO Command Response Parameter not changed current setting displayed on record DATA Reporting Records The Model 651 displays data in real time on the front panel display You can also collect data records over time Data records include the following Used for data collection Used for data collection A 16 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands D Record D records contain the following information D_ Recordidentifer Conc Aggregated concentration calculated by divi
39. S Observe the Flow Constant value This is the aerosol sample flow for the installed orifice 5 Verify that the measured flow corresponds with the observed Flow Constant within 5 and also add in any uncertainty in the flow measurement resulting from errors in the accuracy of your flow meter If the measured flow still does not compare with the Flow Constant when the tolerance errors are considered refer to the Troubleshooting section of this chapter Cleaning the Water Bottle 84 To prevent bacterial growth and potential contamination of the Model 651 clean the water bottle after every use To clean the water bottle follow these instructions 1 Disconnect the water fill tubing from the WATER FILL 2 Empty the water bottle 3 Wash the water bottle with a mild detergent 4 Thoroughly rinse out the water bottle 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Maintenance Service and Troubleshooting Inspecting and Cleaning the Fans The fans should not require much maintenance but it is beneficial to perform a visual inspection at intervals to check for dust build up If any of the fans are dusty blow them clean with compressed air Clean Replace the Orifices The Model 651 has three orifices e Sample flow orifice 0 12 L min e Transport flow orifice 0 48 L min e Auxiliary flow orifice 3 L min Manifold Block Sample Flow Orifice Red Transport Flow Orifice Purple Auxiliary Fl
40. TELEDYNE ADVANCED POLLUTION INSTRUMENTATION Everywhereyoulook n OPERATION MANUAL Ultrafine Particle Monitor MODEL 651 Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrument TAPI 9480 Carroll Park Drive San Diego CA 92121 5201 USA Toll free Phone 800 324 5190 Phone 858 657 9800 Fax 858 657 9816 Email api sales teledyne com Website http www teledyne api com Copyright 2011 2013 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation 17 June 2013 About Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation TAPI Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation TAPI a business unit of Teledyne Instruments Inc is a world leader in the design and manufacture of precision analytical instrumentation for trace gas analysis Founded in San Diego California in 1988 TAPI introduced a complete line of Air Quality Monitoring AQM instrumentation which complied with the Environmental Protection Administration EPA requirements for the measurement of criteria gases consisting of CO SO2z NOx and Ozone Since that time TAPI has introduced many features to these products and has grown to the position of the leading producer of AQM instrumentation providing state of the art analytical products on a world wide basis Our instruments comply with US EPA regulations as well as a number of other international requirements NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT 2011 2013 Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation All rights reserved TRADEMARKS All tr
41. This Manual Is Organized This is an operation and service manual for the Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 The following information is a guide to the organization of this manual Chapter 1 Product Overview Contains an introduction to the Model 651 a list of features the specifications and a brief description of how the instrument works Chapter 2 Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 Contains a packing list and the step by step procedures for installing the Model 651 Chapter 3 Moving and Shipping the Model 651 Describes how to prepare the Model 651 for moving and shipping Chapter 4 Instrument Description Describes features and controls that run the Model 651 including the components on the front panel back panel and inside the instrument It also covers the basic functions of the instrument Chapter 5 Instrument Operation Describes the operation of the Model 651 Chapter 6 Technical Description Describes the principle of operation theory and performance of the Model 651 Chapter 7 Particle Counting Contains information about the particle counting modes Chapter 8 Computer Interface Commands and Data Collection Describes the computer interface commands and data collection XV How This Manual is Organized Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 e Chapter 9 Maintenance Service and Troubleshooting Describes the recommended practices for routine maintenance and service
42. a ge 14 ST CON ANA r l kaa irite danre aka pari ik Ena peple kon ks ee aaa k dan 15 status MAIC OL Siener kte kk e en ko n a pk kale n e kat ee ea eye a kk lekel 44 SEI ER vk e AMON ew kb eli ai kl e laa ok ae aa es ba kale 54 SEET 44 97 EUS SOL Ce asco sa sai AE ba te ee n baat air ene auctions 53 54 Index A Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 SACS AU A WON yi ae e e pp ka l aki a rl ae n a ra ae can kata la in 61 LECHAIE JOE SENN PH OD DE 61 Teledyne Contact Information Email Address xxii 100 l S DA SU REN AAA Fk MON ETENEE W W AE PO ene xxii 100 el VT xxii 100 EE e 100 WV CSIC L bi fie sonde it pi ak ao ba po la kre ka pikan xxii 100 temperature conditioner conditioner optics ambient 65 temperature CONWOM ie ki atik E 65 temperatures OU OL TAN SE ee 99 PCa EE 83 terminal emulation software enssseeennsssseeeeosssssserersesssssee 83 theory OP AON ee 61 time NOW TO CHANGE ye tite poezi ak ao pt po a bank ga pv pagan sees 57 total COUNE ACCULACY L ur aki a a ala taa aa a a 71 e E E 71 Ke CHE ascents cat sacs tit sub vues Coed actos area ee ko via ae kai ve 73 EE ANOU te apaid aba a ak a oka ea kd a a p ea da ia a gra d 75 totali zer Cree E 60 transport fill control orfice 46 transport flow orifice 00 0 cc eeeeeesseeececeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeaeeees 95 GOL DIE SAO UN Pat a l tt a a R 97 U Me CO krek apab ba ot aaa ak eti a kak a e aa e eat a e a e eat a e ea io 18 L AN
43. a nozzle into the optical detector The sensor s optical detector is comprised of a laser diode collimating lens cylindrical lens elliptical mirror and photodiode detector The laser and collimating lens form a horizontal ribbon of laser light above the aerosol exit nozzle The collection mirror focuses the light scattered by the droplets at a 90 angle side scatter onto a low noise photodiode The main beam is blocked by a light stop in the back of the sensing chamber A reference photodiode is used to maintain constant laser power output The surface temperature of the optics housing is maintained at a higher level than the growth tube to avoid condensation on the optical surfaces The Model 651 operates in single particle count mode up to 106 particles cm Rather than simply counting individual electrical pulses generated by light scattered from individual droplets the Model 651 uses a continuous live time correction to improve counting accuracy at high particle concentrations Live time correction occurs when the presence of one particle obscures the presence of another particle creating an undercounting error that results in dead time Pulse Height The Model 651 contains an electronic sub system for monitoring the amplitude voltage height of the particle pulse generated by the optical detector The actual amplitude of the pulse does not affect the particle counting performance as long as it is large enough to intercept the
44. ab kara da a aaa pa ebe 48 55 SHEET 48 analog HERMES 25 NOW TO S L kd ta ad ko nt ka kep en pa a ea ena e an ase ane 60 auxiliary flow control orifice rreeeeeeeerereeeoorooooe 46 auxiliary flow orifice cece cece ccc ccceeeeeeseeeeseeeceeeeeeees 95 averaging Internal 25 B Sie el EE 45 fea tre S eti ba a sak du kn been ok koi ban otan n e ase as os eae 26 C CAINE AL AN PO Susan lo tl ak dy seca ta a vs ak kk a ky seamen wean a ae 55 CANNOT ATION EE 25 circuit et E 47 Clock battery dead tate we aa loa bo po en iron ae pa vu aa asa did 100 coincidence COLE CHON ia a d a ok ki a a l li aa al laa 48 COM POU kai ott doua w od dw a e a n pata a kaa a a e kaa ei ka e 82 communications parameters cee eeccececcccessseeeeesseeeeeceeeeeeeeees 83 COMMU LEE MLCT AC Cates asa a ka a kat a kai tat 71 POMC CMU e TEE 54 COME TOSS VOMI nse beetle wee sate akt e mp e e a e ata a e ia deans 55 AS EE 62 GONW KO ME EE 62 COMMIMOMEH YE NAN ae ta ko ok da ak ea f a stant dak ee A A tata 54 conditioner temp faut 44 conditioner TETAPELATUAE ke ie ai aka van kra etree dabo Di aa ae 65 connecting water Supply ccccccccccsssssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 34 07506C DCNG6727 counting efficiency CUPVE 2 0 0 0 ceeeesseeeeeeeccccceeeeeeeeaaaeees 67 CAUCA le 65 D RS 16 data collection sample SA ANNO vy cise Ee 81 SOU TMC OAS A kot ba at im e l n nat ka tt dada a a 57 data communication porte 45 4
45. ademarks registered trademarks brand names or product names appearing in this document are the property of their respective owners and are used herein for identification purposes only 07506C DCN6727 i This page intentionally left blank 07506C DCN6727 Safety Messages Important safety messages are provided throughout this manual for the purpose of avoiding personal injury or instrument damage Please read these messages carefully Each safety message is associated with a safety alert symbol and are placed throughout this manual the safety symbols are also located inside the instrument It is imperative that you pay close attention to these messages the descriptions of which are as follows gt PODF PEPE Note 07506C DCN6727 WARNING Electrical Shock Hazard HAZARD Strong oxidizer GENERAL WARNING CAUTION Read the accompanying message for specific information CAUTION Hot Surface Warning Do Not Touch Touching some parts of the instrument without protection or proper tools could result in damage to the part s and or the instrument Technician Symbol All operations marked with this symbol are to be performed by qualified maintenance personnel only Electrical Ground This symbol inside the instrument marks the central safety grounding point for the instrument Laser radiation warning Take appropriate cautionary measures to avoid exposure to radiation CAUTION This instrument should only be used fo
46. ag Anti Static bags made of plastic impregnated with metal usually silvery in color provide all of the charge equalizing abilities of the pink poly bags but also when properly sealed create a Faraday cage that completely isolates the contents from discharges and the inductive transfer of static charges Storage bins made of plastic impregnated with carbon usually black in color are also excellent at dissipating static charges and isolating their contents from field effects and discharges Never use ordinary plastic adhesive tape near an ESD sensitive device or to close an anti ESD bag The act of pulling a piece of standard plastic adhesive tape such as Scotch tape from its roll will generate a static charge of several thousand or even tens of thousands of volts on the tape itself and an associated field effect that can discharge through or be induced upon items up to a foot away 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Primer on Electro Static Discharge Basic Anti ESD Procedures for Instrument Repair and Maintenance 07506C DCN6727 Working at the Instrument Rack When working on the instrument while it is in the instrument rack and plugged into a properly grounded power supply l Attach your anti ESD wrist strap to ground before doing anything else Use a wrist strap terminated with an alligator clip and attach it to a bare metal portion of the instrument chassis This will safely
47. anges to Logging and the button displays STOP When you press START a directory named 3783 is created on the Flash drive The data files created within that directory contain either one hour or one day of data depending upon the SAMPLE TIME you chose on the SETUP screen unless you press STOP to discontinue the data logging 07506C DCN6727 69 Computer Interface Commands and Data Collection Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Notes Data records written to the flash drive are also echoed out of the Ethernet interface on the Telnet socket This allows redundant external data collection to be performed with the Ethernet connection while data is being collected by the flash drive You cannot change the SAMPLE TIME while data is being logged you must stop logging data first 4 Press STOP to discontinue data logging at any time Note Do not remove the Flash drive while logging data Do not restart data logging or go beyond 99 files If you do data files may be overwritten 5 Remove the Flash drive and connect it to a computer to download the data Flash Memory Data Files The data is stored in files with the dat extension and a new file is created either every day or every hour depending upon the Logging selection you have made If you stop data collection at any time the current data file is saved even if it contains less than one hour day of data Every time a new run is started a unique file is create
48. article Monitor Model 651 Removing the Cover When you remove the Model 651 cover to perform service or maintenance follow the instructions below 1 Read the warnings and cautions at the beginning of this chapter 2 Unplug the instrument and remove the instrument cover by loosening the eight side panel screws 3 Lift the cover up Replacement Parts Kits In addition to replacement parts found in your supplied accessory kit additional replacement items are available from TAPI to keep your Model 651 operating for many years Parts are available in kits listed below in Table 9 1 Please contact TAPI for details and purchase of these items Table 9 1 Model 651 Maintenance and Replacement Kits Name Description DU0000169 M651 Maintenance Kit See Table 2 2 in Chapter 2 for details DU0000157 Wick Cartridge REPLACEMENT WICK CARTRIDGE DU0000158 REPLACEMENT WICK SET OF 12 DU0000161 Critical Flow Control Orifice REPLACEMENT CRITICAL FLOW CONTROL ORIFICE 005 INCH DU0000162 Critical Transport Flow Orifice REPLACEMENT CRITICAL TRANSPORT FLOW CONTROL ORIFICE 0095 INCH DU0000163 Critical Auxiliary Flow Control REPLACEMENT CRITICAL AUXILIARY FLOW Orifice CONTROL ORIFICE 0025 INCH DU0000164 Rack mount kit RACK MOUNT BRACKETS W SCREWS amp USB ADAPTER CABLE DU000017 1 Water Separator Assembly REPLACEMENT WATER SEPARATOR WITH BRACKET 78 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651
49. as well as important troubleshooting procedures e Chapter 10 Primer on Electro Static Discharge Describes how static electricity occurs and why it is so dangerous to electronic components and assemblies as well as how to prevent that damage from occurring so that the instrument warranty is not invalidated e Appendix A Firmware Commands Lists the main serial commands for communications between the Model 651 and the computer Related Product Literature Getting Help xvi TAPI Model 651 Quick Guide part number 07507 This single sheet quick guide provides critical information about initial setup operation shipping and maintenance of the instrument To obtain assistance with the M651 contact TAPI Technical Support Toll free Phone 800 324 5190 Phone 858 657 9800 Fax 858 657 9816 Email sda_techsupport teledyne com Website http www teledyne api com 07506C DCN6727 CHAPTER 1 Product Overview This chapter contains an introduction to the Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 and provides a brief explanation of how the instrument operates Product Description 07506C DCN6727 The Model 651 is a continuous laminar flow condensation particle counter that uses water as its working fluid The Model 651 provides rapid high precision measurement of the numbers of ultrafine down to 7 nm airborne particles The instrument delivers robust field performance in both pristine and heavily polluted areas and can be us
50. ated by the mark Poor performance of the Water Separator may result if the instrument is operated outside its temperature and humidity specification range Verify 0 12 L min inlet flow as described in the Flow Checks section of this chapter Disconnect the water bottle and remove the inlet block and wick assembly as described earlier in this chapter If the Nozzle Pressure remains high the nozzle is plugged The nozzle is not user serviceable contact TSI If the Nozzle Pressure drops to near 100 after wick assembly removal a restriction in the wick cartridge is indicated Unscrew the wick cartridge from the inlet block and the growth tube from the conditioner Look through the wick tube to verify an open path If there is no clear path e g the wick is twisted causing a blockage refer to the manual section on replacing the wick If there appears to be excessive water dripping from the instrument after inlet removal flooding may have occurred Disconnect the water fill bottle at the quick disconnect and allow the instrument to run for a few hours without the wick cartridge installed This will dry the instrument 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Maintenance Service and Troubleshooting Home screen displays Inlet Pressure Fault Status screen displays a low inlet pressure reading in red Temperatures out of range error messages are displayed for the Water Separator Op
51. ause injury to personnel and damage to equipment Recommended Operation Procedures Outdoor Operation Procedures When sampling outdoor aerosol follow these recommendations e Place the Model 651 in a conditioned enclosure or shelter to ensure that it is operating within temperature and humidity specifications e Ifthe Model 651 is placed in an environment with temperatures lower than the ambient temperature consider heating the sample line to reduce condensation e Ifyou are not using a sampling system use a cyclone with a cut size no greater than 3 um on the particle counter inlet e Ensure that the pressure differential at the inlet is not greater than 2 5 kPa 10 inches of H O If you are using a cyclone do not exceed the inlet pressure drop of 2 5 kPa 07506C DCN6727 43 Instrument Operation Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Follow the startup advice contained in the Quick Start Guide shipped with the instrument Standard Operation Procedures Perform these standard procedures every 4 weeks 800 hours Replace the wick Check the flow using a volumetric flowmeter Fill the water bottle with 1 liter of distilled lt 6 ppm or HPLC water Do not use tap water Verify that the inlet pressure is in the correct operating range relative to the ambient pressure o Check the inlet pressure value on the status screen then disconnect the aerosol inlet and check the value again The pressure dro
52. connect you to the same ground level to which the instrument and all of its components are connected Pause for a second or two to allow any static charges to bleed away Open the casing of the analyzer and begin work Up to this point the closed metal casing of your analyzer has isolated the components and assemblies inside from any conducted or induced static charges If you must remove a component from the instrument do not lay it down on a non ESD preventative surface where static charges may lie in wait Only disconnect your wrist strap after you have finished work and closed the case of the analyzer Working at an Anti ESD Work Bench When working on an instrument of an electronic assembly while it is resting on an anti ESD work bench Ee Plug your anti ESD wrist strap into the grounded receptacle of the work station before touching any items on the work station and while standing at least a foot or so away This will allow any charges you are carrying to bleed away through the ground connection of the workstation and prevent discharges due to field effects and induction from occurring Pause for a second or two to allow any static charges to bleed away Only open any anti ESD storage bins or bags containing sensitive devices or assemblies after you have plugged your wrist strap into the workstation e Lay the bag or bin on the workbench surface e Before opening the container wait several seconds for any static charge
53. connections Note This pin configuration is compatible with standard IBM PC serial cables IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States other countries or both 72 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Computer Interface Commands and Data Collection 07506C DCN6727 Table 8 1 Signal Connections for RS 232 Configurations Pin Number RS 232 Signal 2 RXD Input to Model 651 3 TXD Output from Model 651 5 GND An external computer can be connected to the Serial or USB ports for basic instrument communications Communications Parameters All serial communications with the Model 651 are accomplished using the following communications parameters e Baud Rate 115 200 e Bits Character 8 e Stop bits 1 e Parity None All data communications are performed through ASCII based character codes All multi field responses are comma separated values CSV All input commands and output responses are terminated with a carriage return All input line feeds are ignored Terminal Communications When you have made a Serial or USB connection between the Model 651 and host computer you can use a terminal emulation program to communicate with the Model 651 You can choose from the following terminal emulation programs e Tera Term a free terminal emulator for Microsoft Windows operating systems e HyperTerminal included with most Mic
54. container If using a bag fold the end over and fastening it with anti ESD tape e Folding the open end over isolates the component s inside from the effects of static fields e Leaving the bag open or simply stapling it shut without folding it closed prevents the bag from forming a complete protective envelope around the device 6 Once you have arrived at your destination allow any surface charges that may have built up on the bag or bin during travel to dissipate e Connect your wrist strap to ground e If you are at the instrument rack hold the bag in one hand while your wrist strap is connected to a ground point e If you are at a anti ESD work bench lay the container down on the conductive work surface e In either case wait several seconds 7 Open the container Opening Shipments from Teledyne API S Customer Service Packing materials such as bubble pack and Styrofoam pellets are extremely efficient generators of static electric charges To prevent damage from ESD Teledyne API ships all electronic components and assemblies in properly sealed anti ESD containers Static charges will build up on the outer surface of the anti ESD container during shipping as the packing materials vibrate and rub 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Primer on Electro Static Discharge against each other To prevent these static charges from damaging the components or assemblies being shipped ensure that you al
55. d Each data file has the following format Filename yymmddxx where yy is the year no leading zero mm is the month 1 12 dd is the day of the month and xx is a sequence number for the day 01 99 Example 9110601 DAT where 9 is the Year 11 is the month 06 is the day 01 is the file number and DAT is the extension TSI CPC DATA VERSION 3 LINE 2 Time stamp for the file yy mm dd hh mm ss where yy is the year mm is the month dd is the day of the month hh is the hours mm the minutes and ss the seconds LINE 3 Data average period sample time intervals in seconds LINE 4 Dead time correction factor flow calibration constant mL min LINE 5 Instrument model number firmware version number serial number 70 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Computer Interface Commands and Data Collection Example of data record TSI CPC DATA VERSION 3 1266228469 20107 3710 13741209 60 05 LAV Model 651 Ver 1 00 S N 123456 Date Time Concentration Counce Live Time Blank Abs Press T Analog In Pulse Height Pulse STD Status Flags ZOMO SY LO pS E EE Ee EE E OO Ug LOOF A LO IA TET ko a AT Ooo ko EE EE sosyo AOMOS S71 O ASSAD ke Jel eZ 5019174 58027100 00 5881 609 0 AGO Sf Oy RAS SOT Aor LT 5 EE Lee OO Ode 6 55 0 Data fields include e Date e Time e Particle Concentration cm 3 e Raw Particle Counts e Live time seconds e Comma reserve
56. d field e Absoluter Pressure mbars e Analog Input V e Pulse Height average mV e Pulse Height Standard Deviation e Status flags You can select the Sample Time the period over which data is collected and reported from one of the following choices 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 12 15 20 30 or 60 seconds Data is collected internally 10 times second and is averaged over the selected sample time The average is displayed on the graph and can be saved to the flash drive Data is saved to the flash drive every 10 seconds or at the rate of the data averaging period if it is longer than 10 seconds The data averaging period is the same as the Sample Time setting Once the data is being logged to the Flash drive the Sample Time setting cannot be changed IMPORTANT If power is lost at any time the instrument should continue data logging when the power is returned The data files created will have the extension rdt so that the previous files are not overwritten 07506C DCN6727 71 Computer Interface Commands and Data Collection Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 USB USB communications are available with the Model 651 USB driver software must be installed on the host computer For Windows operating systems the drivers may be downloaded from the USB chip manufacturer s site at http www ftdichip com Drivers VCP htm To install the USB driver follow these instructions 1 Find the appropriate driver for
57. d particles divided by the live time actual sample time and the aerosol flow rate To measure live time a high speed clock and accumulator are used The accumulator adds up the live time and the counter adds up pulse counts The particle concentration is then calculated by C number of counted particles S l S accumulate d live time aerosol flow rate Note At concentrations gt 10 particles cm the status reads Over Range If this occurs the Model 651 is outside of the concentration operating range and the number of particles shown on the display could be lower than the actual concentration 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Particle Counting Concentration Measurement 07506C DCN6727 The Model 651 can report particle concentration values in the following ways e On the front panel display e On the Totalizer display e Using the data communications ports Particle concentration is presented as particles per cubic centimeter p cm The following parameters are important for calculating particle concentration e The number of particle pulses counted measured internally by the Model 651 e The sample time measured internally by the Model 651 e The sample flow rate always assumed to be 0 120 L min or 120 cm min The basic calculation for the number of particles per volume of air is Concentration Oxt where Concentration is the particle concentration in
58. depleted causing the saturation ratio to fall until it is in equilibrium with the particle droplet The lower size sensitivity of the counter is determined by the operating saturation ratio Model 651 Submicrometer particles are drawn into the particle counter and enlarged by condensation of a supersaturated vapor into droplets that measure several micrometers in diameter The droplets pass through a lighted viewing volume where they scatter light The scattered light pulses are collected by a photodetector and converted into electrical pulses The electrical pulses are then counted and their rate live time corrected is a measure of particle concentration The basic instrument consists of three major subsystems the sensor the microprocessor based signal processing electronics and the flow system The sensor and the flow system are described below Sensor The sensor contains a conditioner a growth tube and an optical detector shown schematically in Figure 1 2 The sensor grows the sampled aerosol particles into larger droplets that are detected optically 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Technical Description 07506C DCN6727 The sample flow is cooled with a thermoelectric device in the conditioner The vapor passes into the growth tube where it becomes supersaturated and condenses onto the aerosol particles acting as condensation nuclei to form larger droplets The droplets pass through
59. ding the accumulated aggregate counts by the live time of the sample flow rate 2 cm sec The aggregated counts and live times are accumulated each 1 10 second interval The overflow flag is set when the concentration value exceeds the maximum specified concentration Pu Average pulse heightinmY Pulse height standard deviation Example D Record D 2012 11 2 08 01 21 0 1 04e4 6 0 4 4 769424 140 0 0 D 2012 11 2 08 01 21 ln 1 0464 Ten 44 760424 140 o jo 07506C DCN6727 A 17 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 S Record Status S records are displayed on the Text tab when you enter the command RRS in the Firmware Command field They display status information Inlet temperature in Example S Record 990 282 20 0 59 9 60 0 7 0 23 2 Tcond Tgrowth S 990 282 200 599 enn 70 232 A 18 07506C DCN6727 Index A absolute pressure faut 44 additional Status SOT D ege yes aa vav pi elute fore l kk aie is saa pede 54 aerosol flow CTV CCK ege k k ki Palliser dee deeg Bed 92 aerosol flow CIE 25 aerosol gauge Dreseure 36 aerosol ER E b bi eee tata e a a a n te ek yen Mi e es 43 45 94 aerosol MENI a sdl kk ak kk n ana ei ki pk ik ia bk 25 EE EE 37 ENEE 35 ambient humidity range cc ececeessscccceeeeesssceeceeeeesseeees 25 ambient temperature range cccssscccceeeessseeeeeeeeesseeees 25 analo ANP UL k
60. e maintenance are available for purchase as kits from TAPI A complete list of replacement parts is included in the Maintenance section in Chapter 9 23 Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Unpacking 24 Table 2 2 Model 651 Maintenance Kit PN DUOOOO169 1 DU0000162 Replacement Critical Transport Flow Control Orifice 0095 inch 1 DU0000163 Replacement Critical Auxiliary Flow Control Orifice 0225 inch DU0000157 3783 Wick Cartridge DU0000158 Wick 3783 Replacement Wicks DU0000178 Three foot length of 1 8 inch tubing Carefully unpack the Model 651 from the shipping container refer to Chapter 10 to avoid damage due to Electro Static Discharge Check to ensure there is no damage to the instrument If any damage is found contact the carrier Use the Packing List in Table 2 1 to verify that there are no missing components Save the original shipping container to be used for future shipping If anything is missing TAPI Technical Support by phone or by email Phone 1 800 324 5190 within the US 001 858 657 9800 outside the US 858 657 9800 local E mail sda_techsupport teledyne com See Chapter 9 for instructions on how to return the instrument to TAPI and Chapter 3 for moving shipping procedures Caution Prevent Damage and Avoid Warranty Invalidation The Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 operates using distilled lt 6 ppm or HPLC water as a
61. e on the 38 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Instrument Description 07506C DCN6727 SETUP screen is an electronic valve used to turn on off the vacuum from the external source Water System The water separator removes water from the vapor stream coming from the optics head This prevents water from condensing and blocking the flow orifices Water from the separator is pumped out by the water ejector pump The instrument flow orifices operate under critical pressure with flow determined by the orifice diameter Each orifice is protected by a glass fiber filter followed by a separate inline screen to remove contamination which can result from an accidental flooding event Fans Two internal fans cool the instrument one cools the internal electronics and one dissipates the heat generated during cooling of the condenser Circuit Boards The Model 651 contains the following circuit boards e Main board e Laser board e Detector board The main circuit board controls all the primary functions Feedback circuits on the main electronics board control the internal temperatures displayed on the Status screen Internal Clock The clock used in the Model 651 is a quartz crystal component embedded in the microprocessor The accuracy is on the order of about a second per day but time drift during long periods of data logging is possible If a higher level of time accuracy is needed one of the fo
62. e the anti ESD container or bag to use when packing electronic components or assemblies to be returned to Teledyne API 5 Never carry the component or assembly without placing it in an anti ESD bag or bin 6 Before using the bag or container allow any surface charges on it to dissipate e If you are at the instrument rack hold the bag in one hand while your wrist strap is connected to a ground point e If you are at an anti ESD workbench lay the container down on the conductive work surface e In either case wait several seconds 07506C DCN6727 99 Primer on Electro Static Discharge Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 7 Place the item in the container 8 Seal the container If using a bag fold the end over and fastening it with anti ESD tape e Folding the open end over isolates the component s inside from the effects of static fields e Leaving the bag open or simply stapling it shut without folding it closed prevents the bag from forming a complete protective envelope around the device IMPORTANT lf you do not already have an adequate supply of anti ESD bags or containers available Teledyne API s Customer Service department will supply them Follow the instructions listed above for working at the instrument rack and workstation 100 07506C DCN6727 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands The firmware commands are divided into the categories described below READ Used to read parameters from the instrume
63. eccceeceecencesceeceeeeeeesaeeessaseeseeeesanseeseaees 82 Cleaning the Water Botte 84 Inspecting and Cleaning the Fans snannnnnannnennnesennennnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnne 85 Clean Replace the OFrifiCES ccccccccccsscccceceeceseeceeceseeeeessaeeeseneeesees 85 IG elei i LUIJ LINGS oi ten asses dee ee ak tee e fais en ae paten 86 Status Ve EE 87 Deele neie le Le HE 88 TECANIGALASSISIANCE ebyen ki io ba oo ane cota n bon e ora ke ke 90 Returning the Model 651 for Service ccecccccseeeeeeseeeeeseeeeeeeaeeeeeens 90 Chapter LTE 91 Primer on Electro Static Discharge ccccccccccsssssssssssssssssscsscccccccccccssscssssssees 91 How Static Charges Are Created 91 How Electro Static Charges Cause Damage 92 Common Myths About ESD Damage so nnnnennnnennnnserernrnnesrrrenenrrnnnne 94 Basic Principles of Static Control 95 General RUGS a e ll en idee eaten Olea nee a a jak e Ba seen tent 95 Basic Anti ESD Procedures for Instrument Repair and Maintenance 97 Working at the Instrument Hack 97 Working at an Anti ESD Work Bench 97 Transferring Components from Rack to Bench and Back 98 Opening Shipments from Teledyne API S Customer Service 98 Packing Components for Return to TAPI s Customer Service 99 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands icsscssetesscicecensecteconscsvescssesessestecesscevetescsosecesess 1 EIERE ee 3 RAI Read Analog Input voltage 3 RALL Read Operating Condi
64. ed for a variety of applications including ambient monitoring and research indoor air quality investigations atmospheric and climate research and health effects studies TAPI recommends annual maintenance and calibration for the Model 651 Features of the Model 651 include e 6 inch color touch screen with a graphical interface displaying particle concentration total counts and a plot of concentration vs time e 7 nm detection e Single particle counting to 10 particles cm e Continuous live time electronic processing for maximum accuracy e Adjustable inlet flow 3 0 or 0 6 L min inlet location front or back and water supply connection front or back e Flexible data acquisition options including USB stick Ethernet USB port and RS 232 port e Advanced instrument diagnostics including a novel pulse height analyzer to monitor super saturation state wick health and instrument status e Newly designed air flow wicking and water handling systems e Option to mount in a rack with included hardware 17 Product Overview Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Sep ES ADVANCED POLLUTION INSTRUMENTATION ULTRAFINE PARTICLE MONITOR MODEL 651 Figure 1 1 Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Specifications Table 1 1 contains the operating specifications for the Model 651 instrument These specifications are subject to change without notice Table 1 1 Model 651 Specifications
65. een the wick change it is recommended that the water be added to the bottle without disconnecting it from the Model 651 to avoid adding any bubbles into the water supply line 3 Push the connector on the water supply bottle tubing into the WATER FILL fitting on either the front or back of the instrument figure below shows the back 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 WATER FILL Fitting GE ki WATER EXHAUST en Fitting A w 07506C DCN6727 a Figure 2 2 Water Fill and Water Exhaust Fittings Connecting the Water Exhaust Tube The waste water should pass into a suitable drain such as a floor drain or a vented container To connect the drain tube 1 Push the connector on the supplied length of drain tubing into the WATER EXHAUST fitting on the back panel 2 Place the other end of the drain tube in a vented container or over a floor drain Connecting the Aerosol Supply The Model 651 allows you to conduct aerosol sampling from either the front or the back of the instrument To run the instrument effectively you need an external vacuum capable of drawing 6 SLPM at 400 mbar absolute pressure Sampling options include the following e Ambient sampling using the inlet screen assembly provided with the monitor connected to the Model 651 inlet The inlet screen assembly prevents large matter such as insects and dirt from enter
66. fficient to maintain the sample flow at 0 12 L min along with the auxiliary and transports flows The recommended supply is 4 SLPM at 400 mbar absolute pressure Inlet Pressure Measurement With an adequate vacuum supply the Model 651 can operate at inlet pressures in the range of 75 to 105 kPa The inlet pressure is measured by an absolute pressure sensor and is equal to the barometric pressure if no inlet restriction is present 07506C DCN6727 57 Technical Description Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 The Inlet Pressure reading is displayed on the Status screen on the front panel display Water Removal System The Model 651 has a water separator and ejection system to remove water from the vapor stream exiting the optics assembly The water separator condenses the water vapor and then the collected water is ejected through the WATER EXHAUST port on the back panel and away from the internal flow control orifices A drain tube or bottle is provided to allow the small amount of expelled water to be directed away from the instrument to a suitable drain Counting Efficiency and Response Time of the Model 651 58 The Model 651 has a lower detection curve with a Dso of 7 nm Dso is defined as the particle diameter at which 50 of particles are detected The curve fit shown in Figure 6 1 is based on testing of three Ultrafine Particle monitors using sucrose particles generated by TSI Model 3480 Electrospray Aeroso
67. ge signals to the appropriate O to 10 V range for best resolution DMA Analog Out and Pulse Out During normal operation of the Model 651 the Analog Out port provides an analog O to 10 V signal proportional linear or log to particle concentration This particle concentration is corrected for coincidence and tracks the displayed concentration Pulse Out provides a 5 volt SO ohm termination digital pulse for each particle detected This enables you to use your own counting electronics hardware and provides a particle trigger for special applications The width of the pulse depends on both the shape of the photo detector pulse and the trigger level of the pulse threshold To provide accurate pulse counts use a counter that is capable of counting pulses with a width of 50 nanoseconds or less Particle concentrations that have been calculated based on the particle counts from the counting electronics hardware are not live time corrected for particle coincidence Thus when particle concentration is high the concentration provided by this output might be lower than the displayed concentration Appropriate coincidence correction should be applied when pulse output is used for high concentration measurements 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Instrument Description 07506C DCN6727 The pulse output is a way to get raw particle count information This information is also available through serial command Us
68. ghly inspected and tested Should equipment failure occur TAPI assures its customers that prompt service and support will be available COVERAGE After the warranty period and throughout the equipment lifetime TAPI stands ready to provide on site or in plant service at reasonable rates similar to those of other manufacturers in the industry All maintenance and the first level of field troubleshooting are to be performed by the customer NON TAPI MANUFACTURED EQUIPMENT Equipment provided but not manufactured by TAPI is warranted and will be repaired to the extent and according to the current terms and conditions of the respective equipment manufacturer s warranty PRODUCT RETURN All units or components returned to Teledyne API should be properly packed for handling and returned freight prepaid to the nearest designated Service Center After the repair the equipment will be returned freight prepaid The complete Terms and Conditions of Sale can be reviewed at http www teledyne api com terms_and_conditions asp CAUTION Avoid Warranty Invalidation Failure to comply with proper anti Electro Static Discharge ESD handling and packing instructions and Return Merchandise Authorization RMA procedures when returning parts for repair or calibration may void your warranty For anti ESD handling and packing instructions please refer to Packing Components for Return to Teledyne APPs Customer Service in the Primer on Electro Static
69. harge is transferred from the device to ground 93 Primer on Electro Static Discharge Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Common Myths About ESD Damage 94 I didn t feel a shock so there was no electro static discharge The human nervous system isn t able to feel a static discharge of less than 3500 volts Most devices are damaged by discharge levels much lower than that I didn t touch it so there was no electro static discharge Electro static charges are fields whose lines of force can extend several inches or sometimes even feet away from the surface bearing the charge It still works so there was no damage Sometimes the damaged caused by electro static discharge can completely sever a circuit trace causing the device to fail immediately More likely the trace will be only partially occluded by the damage causing degraded performance of the device or worse weakening the trace This weakened circuit may seem to function fine for a short time but even the very low voltage and current levels of the device s normal operating levels will eat away at the defect over time causing the device to fail well before its designed lifetime is reached These latent failures are often the most costly since the failure of the equipment in which the damaged device is installed causes down time lost data lost productivity as well as possible failure and damage to other pieces of equipment or property Static C
70. harges can t build up on a conductive surface There are two errors in this statement Conductive devices can build static charges if they are not grounded The charge will be equalized across the entire device but without access to earth ground they are still trapped and can still build to high enough levels to cause damage when they are discharged A charge can be induced onto the conductive surface and or discharge triggered in the presence of a charged field such as a large static charge clinging to the surface of a nylon jacket of someone walking up to a workbench As long as my analyzer is properly installed it is safe from damage caused by static discharges It is true that when properly installed the chassis ground of your analyzer is tied to earth ground and its electronic components are prevented from building static electric charges themselves This does not prevent discharges from static fields built up on other things like you and your clothing from discharging through the instrument and damaging it 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Primer on Electro Static Discharge Basic Principles of Static Control 07506C DCN6727 It is impossible to stop the creation of instantaneous static electric charges It is not however difficult to prevent those charges from building to dangerous levels or prevent damage due to electro static discharge from occurring General Rules Only handle or w
71. his particle coincidence effect the Model 651 measures the dead time resulting from the presence of particles in the viewing volume and subtracts it from the sample time This sample live time value is used in place of the elapsed sample time for the concentration calculations for the primary display when not using the Totalizer At very high concentrations the dead time value grows and the adjustment becomes large Single particle events may not even be detected since particles are nearly continually in the measurement viewing volume and the accuracy of the live time measurement begins to diminish When the measured live time value drops below 40 of elapsed real time the display will show an OVER annotation indicating that the measured concentration exceeds its specified operating range When the live time value drops below 10 of elapse time the display will show a concentration of 9 99e5 particles cm indicating an extreme overload condition During operation the Model 651 collects single particle counts and dead time corrected sample time every tenth of a second The concentration value reported on the front panel display is updated each second It uses data collected over the previous second of elapsed time to calculate concentration If the concentration is 20 0 particles cm a 6 second running average of particle count data is used to calculate the displayed value A single particle cou
72. ich is defined as the actual vapor partial pressure divided by the saturation vapor pressure for a given temperature F supersaturation S For a given saturation ratio the vapor can condense onto particles only if they are large enough The minimum particle size capable of acting as a condensation nucleus is called the Kelvin diameter and is evaluated from the following relationship 4y M pRTd ee saturation ratio pa ex S 53 Technical Description Design of the 54 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 where surface tension of the condensing fluid molecular weight of the condensing fluid density of the condensing fluid universal gas constant absolute temperature Kelvin diameter K M p R T d The higher the saturation ratio the smaller the Kelvin diameter The saturation vapor pressure P is defined for a flat liquid surface For a curved liquid surface such as the surface of a droplet the actual saturation vapor pressure is greater The smaller the droplet the easier it is for the vapor molecules to escape the liquid surface The Kelvin diameter defines the critical equilibrium diameter at which a pure droplet is stable there is neither condensation nor evaporation Liquid particles with diameters smaller than the critical equilibrium diameter will evaporate and larger particles will grow even larger by condensation The larger particle will grow until the vapor is
73. icle Monitor Model 651 The Model 651 has two modes for particle counting e Concentration mode where data is presented as particle concentration in particles cm updated each second on the display the maximum time resolution is one second e Totalizer mode where total particle counts are accumulated and presented each second Concentration mode is commonly used for most applications and for averaging over a period of time Totalizer mode is used at very low particle concentrations and includes live time corrections Particles can be accumulated until a desired statistical accuracy is achieved In the concentration mode the Model 651 operates in the single count mode with continuous live time correction over the range between O and 1 x 106 particles cms The instrument can display up to 10 particles cm The Model 651 must be calibrated against a concentration reference e g an aerosol electrometer or another Ultrafine Particle Monitor with a dilution bridge with a known dilution ratio in the range from 3 x 105 to 106 particles cm in order to provide a single dead time correction calibration DTC factor Total Count Accuracy At very low concentrations the accuracy of the measurement in the single particle counting mode is limited by statistical error If the total number of particles counted in each time interval is very small the uncertainty in the count is large The relative statistical error of the count o
74. ing the SM or SSTART 3 command described in Appendix B you can read raw uncorrected particle counts TAPI recommends using the serial interfaces for raw counts rather than the pulse output because then all the information used to calculate the corrected concentration is communicated and there are no issues with the monitor s ability to accurately count the pulses Ethernet Communication Port Instrument status including particle concentration of the Model 651 can be monitored remotely from a local area network or over the internet using the Ethernet communication port 41 Instrument Description 42 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 This page intentionally left blank 07506C DCN6727 CHAPTER 5 Instrument Operation This chapter describes the basic operation of the Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 and describes how to use the controls indicators and connectors found on the front and back panels Operating Precautions Read the following before applying power to the particle monitor e Review the operating specifications for the Model 651 described in Appendix A e Do not operate the Model 651 at temperatures outside the range of 10 C to 35 C If the particle monitor is operated outside this range the displayed concentration may be inaccurate WARNING The Model 651 should not be used with hazardous gases such as hydrogen or oxygen Using the particle monitor with hazardous gases may c
75. ing the instrument Note If you are sampling from the back of the instrument you must use the inlet screen assembly and the flow rate must be 3 L min when using the inlet screen 27 Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 e Using a sampling system connected directly to the aerosol inlet e Environmental monitoring using tubing connected directly to the aerosol inlet IMPORTANT The gauge pressure of the sampled aerosol must be within 4 20 in H20 pressure relative to the ambient pressure Pressures outside of this range will result in water handling failures To set up the aerosol supply follow these instructions 1 Decide whether you will sample from the front or the back of the instrument 2 Place the aerosol sample inlet cap over the sample port that you will not be using 3 Determine your sampling method The instrument is shipped with the inlet screen assembly in place but if it has been removed and you wish to use it you must reconnect it to the Model 651 inlet If you are not using the inlet screen connect the aerosol sample line to the aerosol inlet ADVANCED POLLUTION INSTRUMENTATION ULTRAFINE PARTICLE MONITOR MODEL 651 Aerosol Inlet Figure 2 3 Connecting the Aerosol Supply 4 If you are using the inlet screen assembly and it needs to be connected line up the two captive screws with the corresponding holes on the front panel
76. is related to the total count n by 07506C DCN6727 61 Particle Counting Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 In totalizer mode the accuracy of the concentration is increased by sampling for a longer period and counting more particles The concentration is displayed on the front panel in totalizer mode and is calculated by total counts n concentration I volume of aerosol flow in the sensor Qxt where Q Sample flow rate ration It is very close to its nominal value of 0 12 L min t sample time in sec Live Time Counting 62 Coincidence occurs when more than one particle occupies the optical sensing region simultaneously The optical detector cannot discriminate between the particles and multiple particles are counted as a single particle At higher particle concentrations particle coincidence begins to have a significant impact on the measured concentration The Model 651 corrects for coincidence continuously with the instrument electronics performing a live time correction Live time refers to the time between electrical pulses This is the total measurement time interval minus the time during which the counter is disabled with one or multiple particles in the optical sensing volume the dead time The dead time should not be included in the sample time since only the particles already in the viewing column can be counted The actual particle concentration therefore equals the number of counte
77. kai aa kas teensy Raat ai nesta 9 ET G CON ain za dola sat vle al bags vein tale abate aie k kd a en ese tea k 10 FRO e 10 RV Command ei otan tea ae bis kaa Da kak ao pa a isk ee 10 S SICCO DEE 17 SA COMM NG kisa ao as ls kek ls saa kl oi a eee el 12 safety VA S T oka dis kap kak ate n a ea an kb ka A pe ant ke ide eka IN sample flow control orfice 46 Sample flow OFC 6 sos ege tata po ia Eege 95 SEI 55 NOW TO CM ANE etiket vekse ko kika bi po bat ae eka pk eevee 56 SAMPIIASON LONS eee a ee 35 BOTS OM ky A Eed 62 REISCH LEM ai n aa ian k a n ek a aaa ar a a ks a ba aaa 55 separator temp Tout 44 SELI A DOE EE 48 82 GCE VIG Creer ai ai aca ere at ak iets ki n a a kd ka a ke a aa a 100 SOT Command 463 ee Seck EE Eege ee 12 flow rate calibration Constant 12 TOG ky eke fk a eege 11 DUM vac ME 13 TI AME COCK E 13 starts anew sample ee 14 AnS DO TOW aiei di ot akle ka ka pd tik rain bk ada 15 NEE 55 BCU UIE SCLC dote va fiti baj oka Sees ei pan van kt as asa n tisi etale 57 BEHERRSCHT 55 SEC COMMING Yi e at al t ol po ei fi aa oo kk ae k e 12 SMIDD eene 4 sional connections for RS 232 geesde 83 single Particle COUNTING cccccccessccccceeessssseeeceseesseeeeeeees 24 SM commande w a tik n pet ass ka l ane a cada ak a e kap ne ik kn 11 EE 13 BC CHAC AMONG ki a sal laa ka s n a kt a detent k iota tenga oi 24 SR COMPAN RE A A A DAN A Ne L NE A MK A A 13 SOLTAR COMM VIA ai p bal peti sa fai id kana ks en ew
78. kai sd dis a a blade 28 64 KON ANNE EE 43 VO AY OS kit sait dwa tk ie ki de akte ek a kk ae ak a kon aa e 26 G GTOWLA TU BEE 54 growth tube temp fault 0sosnnnsseenssssesesssesesssesesssssressses 44 CHEN SOT VON rn k aka ke ke a kn n kan tk lt ar pa ei kane 55 H ME xxil heterogeneous Condensaton se sosisecoriia ioaren iaei 61 IG IY TOW WANG EE 24 IGN TOW MO E 24 NOMIC S L SEM aa twal taa ar al kt oka pk ala ar a a ka kana aaa ka ae 53 homogeneous Copndensgatton 61 HOW T W OL EE 26 Fi Y CEU EE 85 HyperTerminal eege 83 l mndicator MON ei key ti eee dees Ris 43 44 MEL CA EE 31 let EE 55 inlet mode ROW TO CHANG Ye k t son l aie e ve kk De beke kes aa bon 57 Index 2 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 VA TEL RCS SUC EE 54 66 Inlet pressure Tault eacee a AEA 44 99 inlet pressure GAUGE cece ceesteceeeteeeeesseeeeenaes 25 inlet pressure operatton 25 inlet screen assembly snennssssneseeessssessressssesreessso 31 37 43 EECHER ee 89 inspect hguid sesa va ae ea ke k k ke ao pa pale pala 96 TAS Te 33 TACH TOUA ali sipote dira ek aaa ali ant sasa Easy ai sait pense east 38 TACH MOUNE scales ade e 39 instrument cover TENONO ere 88 instrument A ESCAPINON ea la ra anl l eet kon bi lal kk 43 TEE 47 intemal COMPONEMS 3 25 al la E de 46 CENA PANS eier EE deat n e ok a pin VE EG 47 J TACH SOL CW koi dit det ot ci e kan kk en deed a ik pa od a it a e bo sab 90 JO SE ee 99
79. l Generator and size classified with TSI Model 3080 Electrostatic Classifier and Model 3085 Nano Differential Mobility Analyzer DMA The counting efficiency is calculated by comparing the Model 651 readings to TSI Model 3068A Aerosol Electrometer readings The particle concentration measured by the particle counter is the total number concentration of all particles that the Model 651 can detect This measurement provides no size differentiation and it is not corrected using the Model 651 counting efficiency curve The Model 651 has a fast response time Tos defined as the time it takes for the instrument reading to reach 95 of a concentration step change is lt 1 0 sec Figure 6 2 shows the response time curves based on the average of three Ultrafine Particle monitors 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Technical Description Model 651 Detection Efficiency Efficiency ne NM A 1 10 Particle Diameter nm Figure 6 1 Counting Efficiency Curve of Model 651 Model 651 Response Time Normalized Concentration 95 1 9 2 0 Time sec Figure 6 2 Response Time of Model 651 07506C DCN6727 59 Technical Description Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 This page intentionally left blank 60 07506C DCN6727 CHAPTER 7 Particle Counting This chapter discusses particle counting and particle count measurements performed using the Ultrafine Part
80. le in the air stream Figure 1 2 illustrates the flow system of the Model 651 21 Product Overview Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 OPTICAL PARTICLE DETECTOR SCREEN SAMPLE FLOW 0 12 LPM CRITICAL SAMPLE l FLOW ORIFICE TRANSPORT FLOW VALVE CRITICAL TRANSPORT FLOW ORIFICE GROWTH TUBE EXTERNAL VACUUM SHUTOFF EXTERNAL VACUUM FRONT PANEL FILL WATER SEPARATOR POROUS MEDIA SATURATOR OPTIONAL GH DEER REAR of FLOW 0 48 i l l Ge el AUXILIARY EZE d EAR FLOW 2 4 CRITICAL AUXILIARY A Ka J LPM AUXILIARY FLOW a D HESE vw FLOW VALVE d 3 ORIFICE a ST Co He hi Q AEROSOL LARGE pen INLET 3 LPM PARTICLE REMOVAL isit LINE SCREEN Figure 1 2 Model 651 Flow System Schematic 22 07506C DCN6727 Packing List 07506C DCN6727 CHAPTER 2 Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 Use the information in this chapter to unpack and set up the Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 The packing list described in Table 2 1 shows the components shipped with the Model 651 Table 2 2 shows the components included in the Model 651 Maintenance Kit Table 2 1 Model 651 Packing List Jay Model Number _ Desorption Qty Model Number Description TAPI Manuals on CD ROM KB Logan Vacuum pump 115V 60Hz Note Some items above and those for futur
81. let screen assembly take care to tighten the jack screw so that it is properly seated to avoid flooding of the optics 8 Reconnect the water supply and turn the VACUUM back to ON in the Setup menu It will take at least 30 minutes for the new wick to saturate properly The unit may display a Pulse Height warning during this time 9 Allow removed wick to dry inside removed wick cartridge 10 Once the old wick is dry unscrew the end of the wick cartridge and carefully remove the old wick Inlet Block Figure 9 4 Removing Wick 11 For the next required wick replacement discard the used wick and insert a new wick into the wick cartridge Keep this assembly handy 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Maintenance Service and Troubleshooting Changing the Filters 07506C DCN6727 The Model 651 contains three filters The filters should be replaced as part of the annual service To replace a filter follow these instructions 1 Turn off the power to the Model 651 2 Remove the instrument cover 3 Remove the filter from the filter clip Transport Auxiliary Sample Flow Flow Filter Flow Filter Filter Figure 9 5 Location of Filters 81 Maintenance Service and Troubleshooting Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 4 Noting the direction of flow push the ends easier than pulling of the tubing off both ends of the filter Figure 9 6 5 Attach the tubing
82. llowing options should be implemented 1 Send a serial command to the instrument once per day to reset the M651 clock to synchronize with the data collection tool 2 If collecting data via the USB stick reset the clock on the instrument as needed 39 Instrument Description 40 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Data Communication Ports USB Communication Port The Model 651 provides a USB port for communications use RS 232 Serial Connections The Model 651 provides one standard 9 pin RS 232 serial port that allows communication between a computer and the particle monitor Serial commands are sent to and from the computer to monitor instrument status information to retrieve and monitor data and to provide a variety of control functions such as turning the pump on and off More information can be found in the Computer Interface section of Chapter 8 in this manual Analog Input The Model 651 can monitor the analog voltage from an external source via the analog input BNC connector on the back panel labeled Analog Input The input voltage range for these ports is O to 10 V Analog voltages can be displayed together with concentration data on the display screen and can be saved to the removable Flash Drive or a computer Voltages from connected pressure flow or temperature transducers can be correlated to particle concentration in real time Amplification must be supplied by the user to bring low volta
83. llows you to specify the network gateway device To specify the Gateway follow the instructions for using the onscreen keypad to set the IP Address ANALOG OUTPUT SETUP NETWORK SETUP MORE ADDITIONAL SETUP ANALOG OUTPUT Allows you to set the function of the analog output Press the button to scroll through the options Settings are 1 00 100 1000 1 0 E4 1 0 ES 1 0 E 1 0 E7 cm FS LOG OUTPUT Logarithmic output and STATUS OUTPUT where a normal Status Output is O Abnormal output is 5V LOGGING SETUP NETWORK SETUP MORE ADDITIONAL SETUP LOGGING Allows you to choose intervals for logging data to the Flash Memory Card Logging options are either one hour or one day Press the button to toggle between the options TOTAL Screen Pressing the TOTAL button on the home screen takes you to the TOTALIZER screen The screen displays the following information e Current particle concentration in cm e Number of accumulated particles e Sample time in seconds e Volume based on flow rate and sample time This option is useful for manually measuring concentration over a period of time There is a toggle button at the bottom of the screen When you choose TOTAL from the Home screen the toggle button displays CLEAR TOTALIZER When you press CLEAR TOTALIZER the button displays START TOTALIZER 51 Instrument Operation Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Note If you go to another screen on
84. llution Instrumentation TAPI SEN MESSAGES pik ko b k delo kaa da pot ad k yo be k bak blak kob ek lil L ser Salone sa e es ke ou kata ai op ik a ip a e ken n a n e kan IV ET E A EE V About THIS Ee UE vii Revision IPMISIONY EE vii E EN ix FOUT dius tania ti a bl e aa aa a e a po e haus Ze ae a k rouse ne xii Ee xiii How This Manual is Organized ssssscccsssccccccssssssssssssssssccsscccccccccscsscsssesees XV fleien XV lge Ela NON EE XV Related Product Literature A xvi GONE A eege xvi CHAPTER EE 17 Product Overview e eee ie ie Aa 17 Product DES PI WON osi a lan ke ion ie a on kai ane ee 17 SPS CIC EE 18 POW VAY ON S ae ii te aaa aaa a eee a e eet at 20 CHAPTER 2 oi cia atid ac croc a deletes heed ete eet cated 23 Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 0eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooen 23 Sie ailes BEE 23 DAC G GE 24 MASKE N AM AY ks ok da e as e tt a Mat eg de taa ve et nt ta a eka dp 25 EIERE 25 Remove Protective Cape 25 Connecting the Water Supply n0annnn0anenennneonnnosnnnenennnnsnnnrnsnrennnnne 25 Connecting the Water Exhaust Tube 27 Connecting the Aerosol Supply nnsnoannnoennenennennnnenennensrnnrnnnneesennee 27 Installing the Model 651 in aback 30 Connecting the UGbCable 31 Connecting Power and Warming up the Model on 31 CHAPTER Doaa 33 Moving and Shipping the Model 651 eeeseecccecccccssssssssececececcococssscssss
85. meter not changed current setting displayed on record SR Set Real time Clock SR is used to set the clock When the Model 651 is powered off the setting is saved it does not revert to the default SR Command SR yy mm dd hh mm ss yy year 2 or 4 digits mm month 1 12 dd day 1 31 hh hour 0 23 mm minutes 0 59 ss seconds 0 59 Note mm and ss are 0 if not included Response OK Response issued after parameters changed Command SR 12 5 6 15 34 Clock is set to May 6 2012 3 34 pm Reponse TAK po Command SR n Response 12 5 6 15 34 Parameter not changed current setting displayed on record A 14 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands 07506C DCN6727 SSTART Starts a New Sample SSTART is used to start a new sample routine SSTART Command SSTART x X 0 1 2 3 0 Stop 3 Start new sample Response issued after parameters changed Command Response OK Command Response OK Command SSTART 3 Parameter not changed current setting displayed on record U records are displayed when the SSTART 3 command is entered The records are returned once per second see below No value represented between commas for the Model 651 gt Di valve oat n P Absolute pressure in milibars integer IS Instrument status use RIE command to see a list of statuses Example U record UX C C C C C C C C C C
86. ngs 07506C DCN6727 Read this section for details of the screens how to make selections and how to change options HOME Screen The Home screen displays a real time sample graph of the concentration in particles cm the STATUS of the instrument and the SETUP and TOTAL options You can return to the Home screen from any other screen by pressing HOME The following screens are accessible from the home screen and are described on the following pages e STATUS e SETUP e TOTAL STATUS Screens The two STATUS screens display a variety of real time readings to give you an instant view of the operational status of the instrument The following status colors are significant e Red indicates a parameter that is out of range e Yellow indicates something in process e White indicates normal conditions 45 Instrument Operation 46 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Press MORE on the first Status screen to see the ADDITIONAL STATUS settings The photos below show the STATUS and ADDITIONAL STATUS screens STATUS Concentration Pulse Height Optics Temp Growth Tube Temp Conditioner Temp Vacuum Inlet Pressure Nozzle Pressure Water Reservoir 2 Afed Acemi 1794 mw 60 0 C 60 0 C 20 0 C 134 mbar 990 mbar 102 o Filled Pulse Height ADDITIONAL STATUS Separator Temp Cabinet Temp Laser Current Photodetector Analog Input Flow Constant 20 0 C 254 C 31 mA 296 mu
87. nt such as flow rate pressure temperature etc READ commands can be identified by a leading R Set an internal parameter to the value s supplied with the command supplied parameters are always delimited by a comma SET commands can be identified by a leading S The instrument will reply to all SET commands with the string OK lt CR gt Note When the instrument does not understand a command it replies with the string ERROR Table A 1 is a quick reference of all the firmware commands More detailed information about each command can be found on the following pages Note The commands are not case sensitive 07506C DCN6727 A 1 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Table A 1 Model 651 Firmware Commands Command RAI RALL RCT RIE RIF RIS RL RLL R P P A RV Set Mode x mode t sample time in tenth of second Set Auxiliary Flow Set Flow Rate Calibration Constant EA gt A z A lt A Al LI R A A O R A A O 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands READ Commands Read Commands are used to display specific data values The values associated parameters responses returned by the Model 651 and examples are given on the following pages RAI Read Analog Input Voltage RAI reads the analog input voltage in V Command De e Response X analog
88. nted during this six second sample is displayed as 0 03 particles cm which is the minimum value that can be displayed other than 0 00 without using the Totalizer Concentration data is also available from the data communications ports and it is aggregated or summed from each tenth second measurement with programmable sample periods from 0 1 second to 3600 seconds 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Particle Counting Totalizer Mode 07506C DCN6727 The Totalizer mode counts the number of particles in a given time period This mode is used primarily to improve counting resolution at very low particle concentrations but it can also be used to take an average over a user specified time period The time number of counts accumulated sample volume and particle concentration are shown on the display The time is the actual sample time and is shorter than the elapsed time beginning when the Totalizer is started The Totalizer automatically stops when 3600 seconds of sample time have been accumulated 65 Particle Counting 66 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 This page intentionally left blank 07506C DCN6727 CHAPTER 8 Computer Interface Commands and Data Collection This chapter provides information about the computer interface communications information and data collection for the Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Information about using a Flash Drive
89. ommands and Data Collection cf C WINDOWS system3 cmd exe C gt ping 192 168 180 132 Pinging 192 168 160 132 with 32 bytes of data 192 168 180 132 bytes 32 timetlms IL 128 192 168 180 132 bytes 32 timetlms TTL 128 192 168 180 132 bytes 32 time lt ims TTL 128 192 168 180 192 bytes 32 timetlms TTL 128 Ping statistics for 192 168 186 132 Packets Sent 4 Received 4 Lost 0 0 loss Approximate round trip times in milli seconds Minimum ms Maximum ms Average Oms C gt Figure 8 1 Screen Showing Valid Network Connection Flash Drives The Model 651 can store particle concentration data and analog input data to a flash drive inserted into the USB slot Note Flash drives gt 16 Gigabytes may not be recognized To insert a Flash drive follow these instructions 1 Plug the Flash drive into the USB Flash Drive port on the back panel of the Model 651 Note If the Model 651 is mounted in a rack you can use the alternative USB port on the rack mount bracket by running an extension cable from the USB port on the back panel to the USB port on the front 2 Check the Home screen You should see a START button displayed beneath the other home screen buttons If you do not see this button check that your Flash drive is inserted correctly You should also see a status message beneath the button This message reads Mem Stick until you begin data collection 3 Press START The status message ch
90. on or off 3 Choose Telnet Client and then click OK A dialog box appears confirming the installation of new features To monitor system status using the Telnet client follow these instructions 1 Insert an Ethernet cable into the Ethernet port on the back panel of the M651 and connect the cable to your network ora personal computer 2 On the M651 home screen choose SETUP then choose MORE to view the NETWORK SETUP screen 3 On the NETWORK SETUP screen choose ADDRESS and enter a static IP address for this unit that is available on your network Alternately choose NETWORK and select DHCP If your network has a DHCP server a dynamic address will be selected for you in a few seconds 4 If you are using a personal computer from the Start menu choose Run then type the command telnet xx xx xx xx where XX XX Xx xx is the IP address determined in step 3 5 A console screen appears which allows direct entry of firmware of commands To test communication between the personal computer or your network and the N WCPC follow these instructions 1 From the Start menu choose Run type cmd and press Enter 2 In the resulting window type ping xx xx xx xx where Xx xx xx xx is the IP address determined in step 3 above 3 The response shows the response from the instrument if the network connection is valid as shown in the figure below 68 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Computer Interface C
91. once for each particle detected At particle concentrations gt 100 particles cm the flashing becomes a continuous glow 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Instrument Description Back Panel The main components of the back panel are shown in the figure below Components include power and data connections analog input output connections and water and sample inlets outlets Water Fill Water Bottle Bracket Water Supply Air Vent Data Communication Ports EN i Power Supply ili Water Drain NA Vacuum Inlet Aerosol Inlet 4 KE ai Bon Figure 4 2 Model 651 Back Panel 07506C DCN6727 37 Instrument Description Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Internal Instrument Components Internal components are described in this section and identified in the photos below Water Ejector Pump A Water Separator Sample Flow Control Orifice Vacuum a Control Valve Be Filters x3 e Optics Module Laser Circuit Board Optics head Cable Figure 4 3 Model 651 Internal Components viewed from instrument front Optics Module The optics module detects particle droplets from the growth tube The optics module contains a laser photodetector and the optics as well as the detector and optics circuit boards Vacuum Supply An external vacuum supply enables all the flows The internal vacuum control valve controlled by parameters availabl
92. ork on all electronic assemblies at a properly set up ESD station Setting up an ESD safe workstation need not be complicated A protective mat properly tied to ground and a wrist strap are all that is needed to create a basic anti ESD workstation refer to Figure 10 2 Protective Mat OS Ground Point Figure 10 2 Basic Anti ESD Work Station For technicians that work in the field special lightweight and portable anti ESD kits are available from most suppliers of ESD protection gear These include everything needed to create a temporary anti ESD work area anywhere e Always wear an Anti ESD wrist strap when working on the electronic assemblies of your analyzer An anti ESD wrist strap keeps the person wearing it at or near the same potential as other grounded objects in the work area and allows static charges to dissipate before they can build to dangerous levels Anti ESD wrist straps terminated with alligator clips are available for use in work areas where there is no available grounded plug Also anti ESD wrist straps include a current limiting resistor usually around one meg ohm that protects you should you accidentally short yourself to the instrument s power supply e Simply touching a grounded piece of metal is insufficient While this may temporarily bleed off static charges present at the time once you stop touching the grounded metal new static charges
93. orting Records wii vss con bi n k f a n e a ko a t ec oi bat ae 16 Wee EE 17 EES 18 rt a oti cies estes E E A O aie e e pe A ei a ae in Index 1 Figures FIGURE 1 1 ULTRAFINE PARTICLE MONITOR MODEL ob 18 FIGURE T 22MODEL 65 PLOW SY STEMI SCHEMATIC ssc cectus doi statu e be vlan a a ety cad pol 22 FIGURE 2 1 CONNECTING THE WATER SUPPLY inadai isandaid ce iivessoteece sos 26 FIGURE 2 2 WATER FILL AND WATER ESHAUISTEITIINGS 27 FIGURE 2 3 CONNECTING THE AEROSOL SUPPLY sissies a2 voctondeesaacbsdcvteuscuedonbesnsecaenueteasteadeedenhcuadoehasddcesstendsen 28 FIGURE 2 4 CONNECTING THE AEROSOL SUPPLY TO INLET SCREEN ASSEMBLY aannaannnannnannnnnnnnannn 29 FIGURE 2 5 SECURING INLET SCREEN ASSEMBLY IN DLACE 29 FIGURE 2 6 CONNECTING EXTERNAL VACUUM SOURCE 30 FIGURE 2 7 INSTALLING MODEL 651 INARACK 31 FIGURE 2 9 WARM UP SCR EIN a po t ate fok ie ares eee sna ses cates os a a est a e a oka e eee sec 32 FIGURE AA MODEL G51 FRONT EE 35 FIGURE 4 2 MODEL G57 BACK PANE L ees flann it l d kdk ai a e kd tf bk a ka ed eta kk de v bos ok eka 37 FIGURE 4 3 MODEL 651 INTERNAL COMPONENTS VIEWED FROM INSTRUMENT FRONT 38 FIGURE 6 1 COUNTING EFFICIENCY CURVE OF MODEL ob 59 FIGURE 6 2 RESPONSE TIME OF MODEL GSI EE 59 FIGURE 8 1 SCREEN SHOWING VALID NETWORK CONNECTION 69 FIGURE 9 1 LOADING NEW WICK INTO SPARE WICK CARTRIDGE cecccccceecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeseesaeeeees 79 FIGURE 9 2 REMOVING INLET SCREEN AGGEMBINY 79 FIGURE 9 3 NOZZLE
94. ow Orifice Black Figure 9 9 Cleaning Replacing Orifices To clean or replace an orifice follow these instructions 1 Turn off the power to the Model 651 2 Remove the instrument cover 07506C DCN6727 85 Maintenance Service and Troubleshooting Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Note the orientation of the orifice _ Orifice Insert Figure 9 10 Orifice Insert 3 Grasp the tubing on either side of the orifice and pull firmly to detach the tubing from the orifice 4 Using a microscope inspect the orifice If debris is present soak the orifice in isopropyl alcohol for 20 minutes Inspect the Orifice Figure 9 11 Inspect Orifice 5 Using compressed air at 60 psi blow out the orifice and then re inspect under the microscope 6 If the orifice is clean replace it in the instrument making sure that the orifice insert is positioned closest to the manifold block 7 Ifthe orifice is not clean replace it with a new one Note replacement orifices are available from TAPI 8 Replace the instrument cover Inspect Liquid Lines Inspect the water filling lines that flow from the fill connectors located on the front and back panels to the fill valve Also inspect the water line from the fill valve to the Model 651 engine Check for cracks damage loose fit or signs of leaking Replace as necessary or annually whichever comes first with tubing supplied in the maintenance kit that comes
95. p caused by an inlet restriction should not exceed 250 mbars 25 kPa or o Check inlet pressure on the status screen then turn the instrument vacuum off and check the pressure again The pressure drop caused by an inlet restriction should not exceed 250 mbars 25 kPa Check the status screen to make sure the parameters are still accurate Check the inlet screen and remove any debris collected there Check the time and date on the Flash Drive Perform these standard procedures annually Replace the filters Perform a Zero check by placing a HEPA filter on the Model 651 inlet and ensuring that particle concentration is O O1 particles cm Note Detailed information about these procedures can be found in 44 the Maintenance section of Chapter 9 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Instrument Operation Warm up When you have successfully made all the connections described in the Installation section of Chapter 2 and turned on the power the Home screen appears on the display and reads Warmup When the warm up process is complete and the optics and growth tube temperatures are within two degrees of their standard operating temperatures the display reads Ready You can then use the menus to do the following e Turn flow on and off e Set the date and time e Set sampling parameters e Check flow e Collect data e Set the network and data collection options Display User Setti
96. preset discriminator threshold Typical pulse amplitudes 1 to 2 volts are 10 to 40 times higher than the discriminator level which is typically 20 times higher than the RMS noise level of the photo detector electronics This large magnitude of signal to noise margin provides robustness in performance in the optical detection of droplets Under normal operating conditions the pulse amplitude decreases with increasing particle concentration As particle concentration increases depletion effects within the growth tube cause the nucleated droplets to grow to smaller sizes than they would at lower particle concentrations Note The droplet size has been reduced in this instrument compared to those of previous generations reducing the variation in pulse amplitude with respect to particle concentration to about 2 1 over the concentration range of the instrument 55 Technical Description Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Changes in optical alignment laser power operating temperatures flow rates presence of water or optical cleanliness can all reduce pulse amplitude therefore the pulse amplitude indicates the health of the WCPC A peak sense and hold circuit within the Model 651 measures the pulse amplitude of 50 particles sec The average pulse amplitude is displayed both numerically and in a bar graph on the Status screen and is also included in the data retrieved from the digital interfaces The limitation
97. r an orifice is used operated at the critical pressure ratio to provide a critical flow Critical flow is very stable and is a constant volumetric flow ensuring accurate concentration measurements despite varied inlet pressure 56 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Technical Description The critical pressure ratio is found by dividing the absolute pressure downstream of the orifice Pp by the absolute pressure upstream of the orifice Pu This ratio must be below 0 528 for air P Critical pressure 2 lt 0 528 Py The following pressure values are displayed on the Status screen and can affect the Model 651 flow Pressure Value Description Vacuum Inlet Pressure The inlet pressure Nozzle Pressure The differential pressure across the sensor flow orifice Temperature Control The temperatures of the conditioner growth tube and optics are nominally maintained at 20 C 60 C and 60 C respectively with specified ambient temperatures in the operating range of 10 C to 40 C Temperatures are controlled through feedback circuits on the main electronics board and are displayed on the Status screen on the front panel display Note For ambient temperatures outside the instrument operating range the instrument temperature performance may not be maintained Moderate increases in conditioner temperature will raise Dso a small amount Vacuum Supply The external vacuum supply must be su
98. r the purpose and in the manner described in this manual If you use this instrument in a manner other than that for which it was intended unpredictable behavior could ensue with possible hazardous consequences NEVER use any gas analyzer to sample combustible gas es instrument or any other Teledyne API product please contact Teledyne API s Technical Support Department Telephone 800 324 5190 Email sda_techsupport teledyne com or access the service options on our website http www teledyne api com Laser Safety The Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 is a Class laser based instrument During normal operation you will not be exposed to laser radiation To avoid exposing yourself at any time to hazardous radiation in the form of intense focused visible light exposure to this light can cause blindness take these precautions Do not remove any parts from the instrument unless you are specifically told to do so in this manual e Do not remove the instrument housing or cover while power is supplied to the instrument WARNING The use of controls adjustments or procedures other than those specified in this manual may result in exposure to hazardous optical radiation which can cause blindness iv 07506C DCN6727 Warranty WARRANTY POLICY 02024F Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation TAPI a business unit of Teledyne Instruments Inc provides that Prior to shipment TAPI equipment is thorou
99. rator Temp C 13 Water Ee Filled 0 1 eg sa y y O Instrument Errors Response Particle Concentration Livetime Not used in Model 651 Inlet Pressure Nozzle Pressure Inlet Flow Mode OU Analog Input Voltage Pulse Height Optics Temp Growth Tube Temp Conditioner Temp Water Separator Temp Water Reservoir Filled RL Read Laser Current RL reads laser current in mA Read laser current A 7 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 RLL Read Liquid Level RLL reads the liquid level Commas BI FULL NOTFULL X X ADC reading from 0 to 4095 Read Liquid Level Response FULL 2471 FULL water level ADC 2471 RPA Read Absolute Pressure Transducer RPA reads the absolute pressure transducer in mbars RPA Commana RPA X A floating point number from 150 to 1150 Read Absolute Pressure mn RPN Read Nozzle Pressure Transducer RPN reads the nozzle pressure transducer in percent a X A floating point number from 0 to 2050 Read Nozzle Pressure Response 10 RPV Read Vacuum Pressure RPV reads the vacuum pressure transducer in mbars ENEE X A floating point number from O to 1150 Read Vacuum Pressure Response 40 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands RRD Read Data Record RRD returns the current data values in the D reco
100. rd format Data records are collected according to the time period you have specified for the data collection interval D record see below D Record identifier Date in yyyy mm dd format Time in hh mm ss format Flags Status Flags see information in RIE command description Elapsed sample time 0 1 sec resolution 0 1 to 3600 LT Live time 0 001 sec resolution 0 001 to 3600 Accumulated particle counts Average photodetector value in mV Blank reserved space Average pulse height in mV PSTD Pulse height standard deviation Conc Aggregated concentration calculated by dividing the accumulated aggregate counts by the live time of the sample flow rate 2 cm sec The aggregated counts and live times are accumulated each 1 10 second interval The overflow flag is set when the concentration value exceeds the maximum specified concentration Example D Record D 2012 11 2 08 01 21 0 1 04e4 6 0 4 4 769424 140 0 0 Record Type LT 2012 11 2 08 01 21 0 1 0464 6 0 44 769424 140 jo In 07506C DCN6727 A 9 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands A 10 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 RRS Read Status Record RRS returns the current raw analog values in S record format for diagnostic use Command RRS S record see below Record identifier Absolute pressure in mbars Conditioner Temperature in degrees Celsius Kee Growth Tube temperature in degrees Celsius Optics temperat
101. re sent or received as ASCII characters e All messages are terminated with a lt CR gt OxOD character e All linefeed OxOA characters are ignored and none are transmitted e Commands are case insensitive The backspace character 0x08 deletes previous characters in buffer e Values enclosed by lt gt indicate ASCII characters values sent received For example lt gt indicates the comma was sent or received via the communications channel The firmware commands are divided into the categories described below READ Used to read parameters from the instrument such as flow rate pressure temperature etc READ commands can be identified by a leading R Set an internal parameter to the value s supplied with the command supplied parameters are always delimited by a comma SET commands can be identified by a leading S The instrument will reply to all SET commands with the string OK lt CR gt Note When the instrument does not understand a command it replies with the string ERROR 74 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Computer Interface Commands and Data Collection To use the read and set commands a program capable of sending and receiving ASCII text commands can be used A terminal program such as HyperTerm supplied with Windows XP operating system is appropriate To use Hyperterm follow the instructions below for Windows XP operating system Other OS
102. rosoft Windows operating systems You should set up the terminal emulation software so that incoming carriage returns are translated into carriage return line feed sequences and therefore do not overwrite the previous line of data Also consider enabling local echoing of characters so that data typed on the Keyboard is displayed on the screen When the terminal emulation software is connected and running if you press the Enter key you will see an ERROR response from the 73 Computer Interface Commands and Data Collection Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Model 651 in the terminal emulation software This is because although the Model 651 and computer are communicating the command is not understood You can ignore this error message it is only used for testing the connectivity When data is being reported to the screen of the terminal emulation software you can either cut and paste the data into a file or use the software s data logging capabilities to capture data Data in the comma delimited format can be imported into programs such as Microsoft Excel spreadsheet software for analysis and graphing Appendix B Firmware Commands describes the commands that control the operation and data reporting options for the Model 651 instrument Commands It is important to note the following information about the commands and responses e Unless specified as binary encoded all commands and responses a
103. s ad n A a ta RET a la e a ii pan 43 45 water Lil ACT AL S ba aka yen da it ea ka a ala an kd a ka a aa a e kaa 34 water TE TO VA ke ee koua diss tek ale ae l ka za ee eee Eva aa 66 waterreservoir NOU FI VOU eye aaa dako dye aaa siga eka san v 99 LEE WEEN E 46 66 Water SOUCO ane teed cae aes baba ae tk kota oo kn tab atake 33 water supply CONE L saa ey kte koli eres anan e a ap ak ke ae nee 33 CONNC CE tt e ao a ae to a a e ee 34 Water supply air VON ccd Silo eed Berd Blacks 45 water Supply botte cc ccccsssssseceeeeessssseeeeesseeas 31 Water SYSICIN ti oi e ar a ap kr a a a ar ti aa 25 47 WICK EE 90 TEP AS A ali ty a ill e lk ka a a ak blo ew 89 WIC Cand OO e ann ki e aj a a ka n n ka ar bi kek e ap 89 Y VO A et ke ai tot kk see At e enb tenner a a e po e aa Anata td 57 80 Z FIT ON CIN CN ke tat aa a tk an a a ite e ake nek api a ei 32 07506C DCN6727 Index 5
104. s on the outside surface of the container to be bled away by the workstation s grounded protective mat Do not pick up tools that may be carrying static charges while also touching or holding an ESD Sensitive Device e Only lay tools or ESD sensitive devices and assemblies on the conductive surface of your workstation Never lay them down on any non ESD preventative surface 97 Primer on Electro Static Discharge 98 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 5 Place any static sensitive devices or assemblies in anti static storage bags or bins and close the bag or bin before unplugging your wrist strap 6 Disconnecting your wrist strap is always the last action taken before leaving the workbench Transferring Components from Rack to Bench and Back When transferring a sensitive device from an installed Teledyne API analyzer to an Anti ESD workbench or back 1 Follow the instructions listed above for working at the instrument rack and workstation 2 Never carry the component or assembly without placing it in an anti ESD bag or bin 3 Before using the bag or container allow any surface charges on it to dissipate e If you are at the instrument rack hold the bag in one hand while your wrist strap is connected to a ground point e If you are at an anti ESD workbench lay the container down on the conductive work surface e In either case wait several seconds 4 Place the item in the container 5 Seal the
105. sssssccceeooo 33 Moving the Model 651 Short Distances 33 Preparing the Model 651 for Shipping and Storage 33 CHAP EE RA sacs ate odas execs E maces kle ao ralanti e aa a eueencecencte 35 Instrument Description bedreet eege Gees 35 IX Contents Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 ETONE PANG faeces ta eee a la cen e a eee 35 Bebe 35 Status Messages eci a ee a e e et ee ee n ka eee erates 36 Ietelle FON LION EE 36 BICK AV lk tit tr na ot ata fek e a ene nee l e m ka ine en meee eee arenes 37 Internal Instrument Components nannnennnannnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennennrennnne 38 OBES MOG EE 38 Vacuum SUD LEE 38 Water System EE 39 SIE 39 Great BOA EE 39 intemal ele 39 Data Communication Ports cecceeccecseeceeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeseeeessaeeesness 40 CHAPTER EE 43 IASCEUMENL O OR AUN LE 43 Operating Precautions E 43 Recommended Operation Procedures sssnsnnesrnsnrrerrerrsnrrerrerrrene 43 Outdoor Operation Procedures cccccceecceeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeseeeeees 43 Standard Operation Hrocedures 44 Warmet DEE 45 Display User Settings ewe san ank aki pi ak au fann n t a kod po kak ea ka ei awa 45 HOME SCEO NEE 45 SE Re 45 SETUP EE 47 TOTAL SCG k t sikse EE 51 CHA a EE 53 Techical Heute ee 53 THEON fiti it ak dete a a a tt ant a a a n e on rek 53 Design of the Model oi 54 SSIS Ol ee 54 PIOW OY SICIN EE 56 TIGA OW t ide pete ok n e a n a
106. t 45 and do not subject it to prolonged freezing temperatures Preparing the Model 651 for Shipping and Storage To prepare the Model 651 for shipping follow these instructions 1 Disconnect the water bottle empty it and then reconnect it 2 If you have not already done so turn on the particle monitor and allow it to warm up the display screen reads Ready when the warm up is complete and all the settings are correct Disconnect any connections to the aerosol inlet 4 Allow the instrument to operate for at least one hour with the water source disconnected 5 Disconnect the drain tube from the WATER EXHAUST outlet 6 Turn off the power 07506C DCN6727 33 Moving and Shipping the Model 651 34 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 7 With the inlet screen assembly securely in place carefully place the instrument in the original packing materials Detailed instructions for attaching the inlet screen assembly are given in Chapter 2 Connecting the Aerosol Supply The Model 651 is now ready for shipping or storage 07506C DCN6727 CHAPTER 4 Instrument Description Use the information in this chapter to become familiar with the location and function of controls indicators and connectors on the Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Front Panel The main components of the front panel are shown in the figure below Rack Mount Bracket 7 py ENCED POLLUTION INSTRUMENTATION
107. tempera e osani pa ka kb kk a pa e e ak 9 GUEA E ez a e a tl n a a n ka al a a ka ak e a e a a ka ala ae 4 CALA record fye boo ik pa oak ak kota ke ak pose ak palan 8 displayed concentration eiei a s 4 firmware version NUMDET eesseeeseecesesesescessrresrcererreseeereee 10 growth tube temperature nesssssseesssseeeeeeeeressssssssssseeeee 10 insirument errors ak ad po lk ka pa kai et e n dak n ei bi kd ae 5 instrument RES 6 laser CULE Ig ia all pi tt a oak tt pis n e tk pk pp ee tik kk 6 Nie Inte TEE 7 NOZZIE pressure FANSAUCET inrcr if OPETI ANE cond NON il ko ka eta a kak ba ea bak aie gonbo 3 Opties ENT EE EEN 10 SENSE CON A associ kw kot e do ank dE 9 VACUUM PECSSULE sky adj a aa t lar all a k l a po a an ala 7 FE JO V e e a ear e cote eas ed ana 44 real time clock not maintaining time soeeeeeeeeeesssssseeeeeee 100 PETAL CT E xxil EE 88 FESPONSE TIME aR A 24 66 68 RIE Command VE 5 RIE COMM wicca cited aaah dark ke ao a a kek a ke a ke eka dp 5 be ent E WEE 6 Te OAM ANN CA rate herr clad a an ek nal ta a at a ab ek na e ake tit ata 6 RI A COM bi say na ki tp bd ko n ke e a it a 7 RPA COMAN d fa katab E tea an kk r ao 7 REN COMMI ki fait ta ki fado le ka kat l ok kk a ay kali fas l 7 REY COMAN DEE 7 EECHER 8 RRS COMMA rssh atis kt oka bbl mt kad pa pk ate ke 9 Index 3 R9232 INMIEMACE eaa aa lk kt t wk sp ras ba at 25 RS 232 Serial Cable E 31 BA A SOU A Ke 48 82 EH 9 RE GOMNN AA isiba sik pi a
108. tics Growth Tube or Conditioner Status screen shows readings in red Status screen indicates Water Reservoir Not Filled Status screen Pulse Height indicator is too low in the red area The real time clock does not maintain time when the instrument is turned off The time is not maintained correctly 07506C DCN6727 There is an obstruction in the aerosol or Model 651 inlet The instrument was flooded Environmental temperature or humidity is too high or too low Note If the instrument was flooded you will also see water in the tubing and high nozzle pressure readings There is no water in the reservoir The water may not be connected the water bottle may be empty or the water bottle has been placed below the level of the instrument There is no or very low 10 cm particle concentration At higher concentrations this indicates a dry wick optical alignment problems dirty optics or flooded optics The clock battery needs replacing Check that there are no kinks in the tubing upstream of the inlet Check the inlet screen assembly for obstructions Remove the inlet screen assembly Remove the elbow joint Unscrew the black cap Remove the screen assembly Note Do not lose the O ring Blow the screen with compressed air Reassemble the inlet screen assembly Replace the inlet screen assembly In the event of flooding Disconnect the water bottle from the WATER INLET DRAIN
109. tion ccccecccccseeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeesaeeeeeens 4 RC T R ad Current TIME vii oye ete N be tin ia 5 RD Read Displayed Concentraton 5 RIE e Instrument EITONS oue tande aie dane ekipe 6 RIF Read Aerosol Flow Hate 6 RIS Read Instrument Status cc cccccccseeceeeeeeeseeeseeeeseeeesaeees 7 RL Read Laser Current 7 RLL Read Liquid Level cccccceeccceseeceeeeceeeseeeeseesceeecsueesseeenaees 8 RPA Read Absolute Pressure Transducer 8 RPN Read Nozzle Pressure Transducer 8 Xi Contents Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 RPV Read Vacuum Hreseure 8 RRD Read Data Record cccccccccceeceseeeceeeeseeeeseeesseeseeeeseeeeseeees 9 RRS Read Status Record ccccccccccssceeceeeeeeeeeeseeeeseeeeseneeeseaees 10 RTA Read Cabinet Temperature 10 RTC Read Conditioner Temperature nannnonnnnnnnnennnnnnnennnenenn 10 RTG Read Growth Tube Temperature 11 RTO Read Optics Temperature ccccccccccsececseeeeeeeeeseeeeesaeees 11 RV Read Firmware Version Number 11 SET COMMI NAS deed pat kaa ka kann ak a ank uae dan kt kai asi ni pra ei k 12 SN Set Oe 12 SA Set Auxiliary Flow Valve nannnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnsnnnesnnnnnsnrrrsenrrennne 13 SFC Set Flow Rate Calibration Constant 13 SP Set PUMP VACUUM BEE 14 SR Set Real time Clock 14 SSTART Starts a New Game 15 ST Set rans EE 16 DATA Rep
110. ty of Electronic Devices to Damage by ESD DAMAGE SUSCEPTIBILITY VOLTAGE RANGE DEVICE DAMAGE BEGINS SECHRRINC AT CATASTROPHIC DAMAGE AT SAW 150 500 ECL 500 500 SCR 500 1000 Schottky TTL 500 2500 Potentially damaging electro static discharges can occur e Any time a charged surface including the human body discharges to a device Even simple contact of a finger to the leads of a sensitive device or assembly can allow enough discharge to cause damage A similar discharge can occur from a charged conductive object such as a metallic tool or fixture e When static charges accumulated on a sensitive device discharges from the device to another surface such as packaging materials work surfaces machine surfaces or other device In some cases charged device discharges can be the most destructive A typical example of this is the simple act of installing an electronic assembly into the connector or wiring harness of the equipment in which it is to function If the assembly is carrying a static charge as it is connected to ground a discharge will occur e Whenever a sensitive device is moved into the field of an existing electro static field a charge may be induced on the device in effect discharging the field onto the device If the device is then momentarily grounded while within the electrostatic field or removed from the region of the electrostatic field and grounded somewhere else a second discharge will occur as the c
111. ure in degrees Celsius WT Water Separator temperature in degrees Celsius Sample flow rate in cm min Example S Record 1003 20 0 60 0 60 0 20 0 124 0 RTA Read Cabinet Temperature RTA reads the cabinet ambient temperature in degrees Celsius RTA Commana RA X A floating point number from 0 0 to 60 0 Read Cabinet Temperature 23 8 C RTC Read Conditioner Temperature RTC reads the conditioner temperature in degrees Celsius Command RTC X Floating point number from 0 0 to 50 9 Read Conditioner Temperature 20 0 C 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands 07506C DCN6727 RTG Read Growth Tube Temperature RTG reads the Growth Tube temperature in degrees Celsius Command RIG X Floating point number from 0 0 to 80 0 Read Growth Tube Temperature Response 60 0 60 0 C RTO Read Optics Temperature RTO reads the optics temperature in degrees Celsius Command R0 X Floating point number from 0 0 to 80 0 Read Conditioner Temperature Response 60 0 eng RV Read Firmware Version Number RV returns the instrument model number firmware version number and serial number R N Command RV ri Response Model 651 Ver v vv ranges from 0 01 to 9 99 3 digits v vv S N nnnn nnnn ranges from 100 99999999 Read Version Number Response Model 651 Ver Model 651 Model 1 00 S N 1004 Ver 1 0
112. vacuum valve Message only displays when warm up is complete Turns off the vacuum valve Note You can toggle between the ON and OFF settings INLET MODE SETUP INLET MODE Set the inlet flow in liters per minute Press the INLET MODE button to scroll through the settings Inlet flow choices are Inlet Mode Setting This setting will pull the total flow through the inlet including sample flow 0 12 Ipm transport flow 0 48 lpm and auxiliary flow 2 4 lpm This is flow during normal operation 0 12 L min This setting will include sample flow 0 12 lpm only through the inlet transport and auxiliary flows are off 0 6 L min This setting will include only the transport 0 48 lpm and the sample flow 0 12 Ipm through the inlet and the auxiliary flow is off 48 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Instrument Operation SET TIME SETUP SET TIME Allows you to select the date year month and day and time hour minute and second for data collection To set the date and time follow these instructions E Touch the screen option you wish to change In the photo below the Year is active indicated by the line below the number and ready to be changed SET TIME Year Month Day 2010 3 8 Hour Minute Sec 0 13 57 KA 2 Use the AY arrows to scroll through the different settings 3 Touch BACK to return to the previous screen when you have made your choices N
113. versions may require that you download a terminal program such as TeraTerm but the steps are similar l 2 07506C DCN6727 Connect to Serial 1 of the Model 651 Open the HyperTerminal program by selecting Start Programs Accessories Communications HyperTerminal Enter a name for the connection for example TAPI 651 Enter the communications COM port Enter the following port settings and click OK Bits per second 115200 Data bits 8 Parity None Stop bits 1 Flow control None Under the settings tab pick the ASCII Setup button and check the following boxes C Send line ends with the feeds L Echo typed characters locally L Append line feeds to incoming line ends C Wrap lines that exceed terminal widths From the File menu choose Save As and save the file to the desktop for easy access Close the program and start it again from the desktop It should automatically open a connection to the instrument Type in firmware commands to communicate with the Model 651 A list of firmware commands can be obtained using the HELP command or from Appendix A To obtain the list from the HELP command select Transfer Capture Text HELP ALL in the terminal window lets you capture all the help commands to a text file for easy reference 15 Computer Interface Commands and Data Collection Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 This page intentionally left blank 76 07506C DCN6727 CHAPTE
114. ways unpack shipments from Teledyne API s Customer Service by 1 Opening the outer shipping box away from the anti ESD work area 2 Carry the still sealed ant ESD bag tube or bin to the anti ESD work area 3 Follow steps 6 and 7 of Section 15 5 3 above when opening the anti ESD container at the work station 4 Reserve the anti ESD container or bag to use when packing electronic components or assemblies to be returned to Teledyne API Packing Components for Return to TAPI s Customer Service Always pack electronic components and assemblies to be sent to Teledyne API s Customer Service in anti ESD bins tubes or bags Caution Avoid Damage and Invalidating Warranty e DO NOT use pink poly bags e NEVER allow any standard plastic packaging materials to touch the electronic component assembly directly e This includes but is not limited to plastic bubble pack Styrofoam peanuts open cell foam closed cell foam and adhesive tape DO NOT use standard adhesive tape as a sealer Use ONLY anti ESD tape se electrostatic discharge ESD precautions Use only a table top with a grounded conducting surface Wear a grounded static discharging wrist strap 1 Opening the outer shipping box away from the anti ESD work area 2 Carry the still sealed ant ESD bag tube or bin to the anti ESD work area 3 Follow steps 6 and 7 of Section 15 5 3 above when opening the anti ESD container at the work station 4 Reserv
115. with the instrument 86 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Maintenance Service and Troubleshooting Status Messages 07506C DCN6727 Status messages display at the top of the Home screen The messages are described below Status Message Indicator Description Water level is low Laser Fault Inlet Pressure Fault Vacuum Fault Nozzle Fault Absolute Pressure Barometric pressure is outside the operating Fault range Optics Temp Fault Optics temperature is out of range Growth Tube Temp Growth Tube temperature is out of range Fault Conditioner Temp Conditioner temperature is out of range Fault Separator Temp Fault Separator temperature is out of range Pulse Height Fault Low pulse height Ready Warm up process has finished and the Model 651 is ready for use Fault Unspecified fault not covered by any of the specific indicators Note The messages are a warning that there is a problem with the instrument but only one message can display at a time Check the Status screen for more details about potential problems 87 Maintenance Service and Troubleshooting Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Troubleshooting The STATUS screen displays the status of the operating parts in live time The table below provides basic information about some status messages and suggestions for corrective action Table 9 2 Troubleshooting Problem Nozzle fault indicated
116. working fluid Do not tip the instrument more than 10 degrees during normal operation Perform the procedures described in Chapter 3 before moving or shipping the instrument Do not e Ship an undried instrument e Transport an undried instrument over long distances e Subject an undried instrument to freezing temperatures Any of the above actions can result in the flooding of the optical system performance degradation and possible damage to the instrument Such neglect is not covered under the manufacturer s warranty 07506C DCN6727 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 Installation IMPORTANT The wick used in the M651 must be changed every 4 weeks 800 hours and distilled lt 6 ppm or HPLC water must be used as the water source Follow the instructions in Chapter 9 for wick replacement This section contains instructions for installing the Model 651 instrument Follow the instructions in the order given The installation procedures described on the following pages include the following e Removing protective caps e Connecting the water supply e Connecting the water exhaust tube e Connecting the aerosol supply and vacuum line e Installing the Model 651 in a rack if desired e Connecting the USB cable e Connecting the power and warming up the Model 651 Equipment You will need the following equipment to install the Model 651
117. y quickly Unfortunately the same characteristics that allow them to do these things also make them very susceptible to damage from the discharge of static electricity Controlling electrostatic discharge begins with understanding how electro static charges occur in the first place Static electricity is the result of something called triboelectric charging which happens whenever the atoms of the surface layers of two materials rub against each other As the atoms of the two surfaces move together and separate some electrons from one surface are retained by the other Materials Makes Contact Materials Separate PROTONS 3 PROTONS 3 PROTONS 3 PROTONS 3 ELECTRONS 3 ELECTRONS 3 ELECTRONS 2 ELECTRONS 4 NET CHARGE 0 NET CHARGE O NET CHARGE 1 NET CHARGE 1 Figure 10 1 Triboelectric Charging 07506C DCN6727 91 Primer on Electro Static Discharge Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651 If one of the surfaces is a poor conductor or even a good conductor that is not grounded the resulting positive or negative charge cannot bleed off and becomes trapped in place or static The most common example of triboelectric charging happens when someone wearing leather or rubber soled shoes walks across a nylon carpet or linoleum tiled floor With each step electrons change places and the resulting electro static charge builds up quickly reaching significant levels Pushing an epoxy printed circuit board across

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