Home

Panasonic 1200N Switch User Manual

Contents

1. m For public network UNI and private network UNI NNI m Physical layer SONET PMD m Optical fiber single mode m Line coding NRZ m Data rate line rate 622 08 Mbps m Cell rate 622 08 x 1040 1080 599 04 Mbps STM 4 frame 1080Bytes Py la 12Bytes gt lt 12Bytes gt lt 12Bytes gt lt 1044Bytes gt 4Bytes SBytes y A zA Tail At Ai a2 a2 a2 c1 c1 ci cr cr Icr d 2 Bi E1 F1 DI e D2 7 D3 c Y 4Bytes 1044Bytes 2 A at ar ar H2 uz H H3 H3 H3 H3 R8 H8 ib m amp 29 B2 B2 B2 K1 K2 Ji D4 D5 D6 B3 D7 D8 D9 C2 2 D10 D11 D12 61 j zz zi z2 z2 z2 E2 ps ENED VC 4 4C PAYLOAD CY STUFF H4 23 24 H1 1001SS11 SS bitincluding H1 is set 1 0 OC12 00 STM 4 10 Z6 H2 11111111 C1 Unassigned byte 10101010 NTT specification STM 4 fixed Unassigned byte ALL 0 lt OC12 specification fixed After 2 bytes of ELE2 DI D12 and ZI Z281 2282 2244 Z2812 L F2 Z3 ZS ALL I FIXED STUFF ALL 1 Figure 6 2 SONET OC 12 SDH STM 4 Frame Format 6 2 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Hardware Interface Line Interface SONET OC3 SDH STM 1 Frame Format For public network UNI and private network UNI NNI Physical layer SONET PMD Optical fiber multi mode single mode UTP5 Line coding NRZ Data rate line rate 155 52 Mbps Cell rate 155 52 x 260 270 149 76 Mbps 270 By
2. eeeeees A 1 DEUM eee enna aes eee er er err HERE E HX R B 1 WOEKSBOBIS dua ke ekab4dwkeRR EREKERERAIARCESRRRRREETRA Ad CEA 1 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Table of Contents This page is for your notes Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Table of Contents vi Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Precautions on Handling the Product Precautionary Messages This document uses the following symbols to alert you to safety issues that you should observe to protect yourself and others from physical injury or property damage The precautionary messages used in this manual have the following meanings Be sure to understand them before using the product A DANGER When this sign is ignored and the product is used incorrectly there is an imminent danger that the user will suffer either death or serious injury A WARN I NG When this sign is ignored and the product is used incorrectly there is a pos sibility that the user will suffer either death or a serious injury A PRECAUT ION When this sign is ignored and the product is used incorrectly there is a pos sibility that the user will suffer an injury or cause property damage The symbols and signals used on the labels supplied with the product have the following meanings Be sure to understand them before using the product Class 1 Uses safe laser A CAUTION Keep the power c
3. Worksheets Port Configuration Worksheet ELAN Configurations ELAN Name LECS Address LES Address of Clients Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 PVC Configuration Worksheet Worksheets PVC Configuration Worksheet Profile Configurations Profile Name Traffic Type PCR SCR MBS Shaper Configurations Port Shaper Number 1 8 Traffic Type PCR SCR MBS C 6 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Worksheets PVC Configuration Worksheet PVC Configurations Early Packet Discard Y N Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual C 7 NTP 297 8103 903 PVC Configuration Worksheet Worksheets This page is for your notes C 8 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903
4. Hardware Work When connecting two or more ATM Switch units or an ATM Switch unit with other hardware it is necessary to synchronize the units by designating them as a master or slave In addition it is possible to set designated lines to transmit data according to the clock received by the line loop time Designating the ATM Switch as Master When an ATM Switch unit is designated as the master the transmission data from all the line cards installed in its slots are output in sync with the self running clock generated within the hardware Centillion 1200N nsi Te Centillion 1200N Figure 10 29 Example of Adding Hardware ATM Switch Master Designating the ATM Switch as Slave The ATM Switch may be designated as a slave switch The command SET clock slave designates a port as the slave port a clock is derived from the signal on this receive port and the onboard clock is synchronized or phase lock looped to it From this all transmit ports are subsequently clocked Only ports in slots O or 1 ports 00 13 may be slave ports No ports on a TAXI interface card may be used as a slave port SET looptime which is a port specific slave clocking command has priority regardless of whether the switch is set to master or slave Set looptime slaves the transmit port to the adjacent receive port instead of the internal clock Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 10 27 NTP 297 8103 903 Adding Hardware
5. Modifications 10 28 Fram mesier ciock H Centillion 1200N Input iz s2ecifez IET E T bee m edat oe 1 Centillion 1200N Slave ingul fh sixbed ine in zip d F n Lar urat deren Figure 10 30 Example of Adding Hardware ATM Switch Slave Centillion 1200N nis t Oti urs puro ngs the Bree specified by the SET mee poles in ppc Wn ciori s P Cie ard Wpis Sees esri Figure 10 31 Example of Adding Hardware When Looptime is Specified Setting Configuration Data To set the clock mode of the ATM Switch refer to the SET clock command in the Command Manual To set the loop time refer the SET 1ooptime command in the Command Manual For other hardware refer to the appropriate manual s for the other hardware Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Troubleshooting Error Detection This chapter describes error detection and troubleshooting of the ATM Switch This section describes how the ATM Switch detects errors When a problem occurs it is automatically detected Problems are automatically detected in the blocks shown below m Switch CPU card m Linecards m Fan unit m Power unit When a problem occurs in ATM Switch error information is sent from the hardware to software The alarm management unit in the software compiles this information and registers it in an alarm management table If an alarm for the har
6. ATM IP Address Subnet Mask Ethernet IP Address Subnet Mask if applicable Software Version Enable Password Telnet Password Location Contact and Phone Number Clock Mode Master Slave Port s Switch PNNI Method hop by hop or source Serial Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual C 1 NTP 297 8103 903 2 5 Gbps Switch Configuration Worksheet Worksheets Slot Configuration Interface Type OC 12 OC 3 TAXI DS 3 etc Serial PNNI Version 1 0 Configuration Peer Group Leader Y N Hierarchy Level 0 104 Peer Group Leader Priority 0 255 NMS Configuration if MIB Access applicable Public or Read only or IP Address Subnet Mask Private Write Access C 2 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Worksheets Port Configuration Worksheet Port Configuration Worksheet Port Configurations Parameter Interface Type MMF SMF UTP5 TAXI Port 00 Port 01 Port 02 Port 03 Port Name UNI or NNI Network or User VPI of bits VOI of bits UNI Version 3 0 3 1 4 0 SVC Signaling Y N ILMI Y N ILMI Address Registration Y N ELAN Name if applicable PNNI or IISP if applicable Possible Clock Source Y N Internal or External Reachable Address Para
7. Boo Co Gor co BiLLs CLE CL Goi p 5 6 Figure 10 8 Inserting the Switch CPU Card Be sure to slowly insert the switch CPU card with both hands The connec tor may become damaged or the switch CPU card may fail if the switch CPU card is inserted too quickly Make sure the switch CPU card is fitted into both left and right guide rails before inserting it If the switch CPU card is slid outside of the guide rails the card may be damaged Tighten the two screws on the left and right of the front plate of the switch CPU card to fix the card in place Install the front cover Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 10 7 NTP 297 8103 903 Switch CPU Card Installation Modifications Removing the 1 Turnoffthe power switch on the back of the main unit Turn off both switches Switch CPU Card if the power unit is redundant Remove the front coverf from the front of the main unit Remove the two screws on the left and right ends ofthe front plate of the switch CPU card 4 Slowly remove the switch CPU card with both hands Figure 10 9 Removing the Switch CPU Card A PRECAUT ON Be sure to turn the power off before inserting or removing the switch CPU card Leaving the power on while inserting or removing the switch CPU card may cause the unit to fail 10 8 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Modifications Line Card Installation Line Card Installation T
8. Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary ACR Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio One of the factors that limits the distance a signal may be sent through a given media ACR is the ratio of the power of the received signal attenuated by the media over the power of the NEXT crosstalk from the local transmitter usually expressed in decibels db To achieve a desired bit error rate the received signal power must usually be several times larger than the NEXT power or plus several db Increasing a marginal ACR may decrease the bit error rate ACR Allowed Cell Rate An ABR service parameter ACR is the current rate in cells sec at which a source is allowed to send ACSE Association Control Service Element ACT Applied Computer Technologies A Hewlett Packard s program that is a strategy and set of open architecture commands and interfaces for integrating voice and database technologies The idea is that with ACT a call will arrive at the telephone simultaneously with the database record of the caller Address Filter Address Prefix A string of 0 or more bits up to a maximum of 152 bits that is the lead portion of one or more ATM addresses Address Resolution Address Resolution is the procedure by which a client associates a LAN destination with the ATM address of another client or the BUS Adjacency The relationship between two communicating neighboring peer nodes Administrative Domain A
9. Entry Border Node The node which receives a call over an outside link This is the first node within a peer group to see this call EPD Early Packet Discard A congestion control technique that selectively drops all but the last ATM cell in a Classical IP over ATM packet When congestion occurs EPD discards cells at the beginning of an IP packet leaving the rest intact The last cell is preserved because it alerts the switch and the destination station of the beginning of a new packet Because IP packets from cells have been discarded receive no acknowledgment from the source Most vendors expect EPD to be used in conjunction with unspecified bit rate UBR service Switches simply junk UBR cells when congestion occurs without regard for application traffic By discarding ceiling selectively so that whole IP packets are resent EPD makes UBR a safer option ER Explicit Rate The Explicit Rate is an RM cell field used to limit the source ACR to a specific value It is initially set by the source to a requested rate such as PCR It may be subsequently reduced by any network element in the path to a value that the element can sustain ER is formatted as a rate ES End System A system where an ATM connection is terminated or initiated An originating end system initiates the ATM connection and terminating end system terminates the ATM connection OAM cells may be generated and received ESD Elastic Discharge ESF Extended Su
10. Figure 7 1 Procedures for Installing the ATM Switch Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 7 1 NTP 297 8103 903 Installation Conditions Installation Installation Conditions This section provides precautions on the installation area of the ATM Switch Be sure to install the ATM Switch in an environment that meets the conditions described in this chapter For more information referto Precautionary Messages on Page 1 1 Environmental Environmental conditions under which Nortel Networks guarantees the ATM Conditions Switch will function m Temperature 41 104 F 5 40 C m Humidity 10 8046 must be free of condensation m Storage temperature 23 113 F 5 45 C 7 2 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Installation Installation Conditions Installation The air flows from the right to left as shown in Figure 7 2 Space Figure 7 2 Air Flow A PRECAUTION To allow the ATM Switch to radiate heat be sure to install it sufficiently away from walls and other equipment Allow adequate distance away from areas prone to heavy foot traffic and from doors Installation area necessary when installing the ATM Switch is as follows Floor Space Requirements qr 2 n r2Domm mn 5 Bin Omm f AT Jim 1200mmi mim 3 100m 17 3in 440mm AT 2m 1200mm 3 Centillion Ys Tin am qz 2n 20mm it mn 35 din 30 mmi Figure 7 3 Floor Space Requirem
11. STM 1 MMF and TAXI The single mode optical fiber cables used for the ATM Switch have core clad diameters of 9 5 125 um and the multi mode optical fiber cables of 50 125 um or 62 5 125 um The optical cables are connected with SC connectors When connecting the cables be careful of the transmission reception direction Be sure to connect one end to the transmission side and the other to the reception side Optical fiber cable can transmit cells over a distance so as long as the optical reception level shown in the following table is satisfied Cable Type Optical Reception Level dBm SMF Long 34 8 SMF Short 28 8 MMF 30 14 7 12 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Installation Connecting Communication Cables Connection Unshielded Twisted Pair Cables The ATM Switch uses UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair category 5 cables for OC 3c STMI UTP 5 The UTP 5 cables are connected with RJ 45 modular connectors The pin assignment of the RJ 45 modular jacks conform to that of ATM Network Equipment of ATM Forum UNI standard Ver 3 1 Maximum transmission distance is 328 ft 100 m Pin No Signal 1 Receive 2 Receive 3 NC 4 NC 5 NC 6 NC 7 Transmit 8 Transmit Twisted Pair Cables Twisted pair cables are connected with RJ 45 connectors Twisted pair cables are used for Primary DS1 and E1 When equipment is installed
12. port number vpi vci Example SET sig 23 Default 0 VPI VCI signaling default 0 5 8 Sometimes the signaling parameters are incorrect for the port that you are configuring Use the following command to check the parameters DISPLAY atmsig This command displays all of the ports and their signaling parameters Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Basic Configuration and Setup Ongoing Configuration 10 11 Usethe SET ATMSIG command to change the parameters of the signaling SET atmsig slot number port number vpi number This command will enter a configuration sub routine which will prompt you for 12 different parameters including the UNI version 3 0 3 1 or 4 0 and the location of the port logical network side or user side Itis not recommended that the timer values be changed unless the user is fully aware of the consequences Once configured the SVC signaling must be returned to normal operation SET svcline slot number port number vpi number resume Ifallisconfigured properly the port should be ready to respond to SVC requests Continue with the next section which describes how to set up the PVCs Install the PNNI signaling VCI This step is only required if the interface will be a NNI port SET pnni slot number port number vpi number Example SET pnni 23 Default 0 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 8 7 NTP 297 8103 903 Ongoing Configuration Basic Confi
13. A method in which a transmission facility is multiplexed among a number of channels by allocating the facility to the channels on the basis of time slots TE Terminal Equipment Terminal equipment represents the endpoint of ATM connection s and termination of the various protocols within the connection s Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 77 NTP 297 8103 903 T Glossary TFTPserver Trivial File Transfer Protocol A simplified version of FTP that transfers files but does not provide password protection or user directory capability It is associated with the TCP IP family of protocols TFTP depends on the connectionless datagram delivery service UDP TLV Type Length Value A coding methodology which provides a flexible and extensible means of coding parameters within a frame Type indicates parameter type Length indicates parameter s value length Value indicates the actual parameter value TM Traffic Management Traffic Management is the aspects of the traffic control and congestion control procedures for ATM ATM layer traffic control refers to the set of actions taken by the network to avoid congestion conditions ATM layer congestion control refers to the set of actions taken by the network to minimize the intensity spread and duration of congestion The following functions form a framework for managing and controlling traffic and congestion in ATM networks and may be used in appropriate combinations e C
14. ATM Forum and ITU T recommendations and up to 16 lines of 155 Mbps interface XATOM eXpandable ATM Output Modular Switch the core of the ATM Switch is equipped with a large capacity buffer to ensure the smooth flow of multimedia traffic and provide a powerful support to multimedia communications The ATM Switch supports both fixed path or permanent virtual connections PVC and variable path or switched virtual connections SVC and features such functions as ATM cell priority control congestion control and traffic monitoring In addition by using the SNMP protocol the ATM Switch can interface with a network management system NMS Features The ATM Switch is a desktop ATM switch used for such applications as LAN to LAN connection The ATM Switch serves as the core of an ATM users network The features of the ATM Switch are described below m Realizes 2 5 Gbps throughput As the ATM Switch employs an output buffer type ATM switch with a random access input output buffer it realizes high capacity switching at a high speed total throughput of 2 5 Gbps of maximum switching capacity at 155 Mbps x 16 lines maximum Consequently the ATM Switch can be used to build a high speed multimedia network m Has redundant configuration Redundant configuration of power unit ensures high reliability Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 2 1 NTP 297 8103 903 Features What is the Centillion 1200N Switch Accommodates various ATM lin
15. ATM Switch main unit package m PCMCIA ATA flash disk card package m PCMCIA LAN card package optional Packing List Make sure all the products are contained in the packages Product lists are provided below m The ATM Switch main unit package Q The ATM Switch main unit a Power cable The following parts are installed on the ATM Switch main unit Types and quanti ties differ depending on the system configuration m Switch CPU card Line cards Fan unit Power unit PCMCIA ATA flash disk card package a PCMCIA ATA flash disk card m PCMCIA LAN card package optional a PCMCIA LAN card a Cable Q Relay connector 7 6 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Installation Checking the Package Contents and Preparation for Setting Tools and Equipment Necessary for Installation Tools Use Phillips screwdrivers MAT MAT is a terminal for setting the configuration data of the ATM Switch and performing routine management of the equipment Some of the terminals that may be used as a MAT are a personal computer PC workstation WS or dumb terminal with an RS 232C port and communications capability The MAT and the ATM Switch are connected via an RS 232C cross cable Electrostatic kit and clean gloves Static electricity may cause the ATM Switch to fail Be sure to use the electrostatic kit and clean gloves RS 232C cross cable This cable is used to interconnect the ATM Switch to a PC or
16. Al A2 P5 X ATM Cell Al A2 P4 Bl ATM Cell Al A2 P3 Gl ATM Cell Al A2 P2 X ATM Cell Al A2 Pl X ATM Cell AI A2 PO C1 Twelfth ATM Cell Trailer octet 1 octet 1 octet 1 octet 53 octets 13 or 14 eo ola ple gt a 4 pa nibbles p Object of BIP8 Caliculation 125 y sec POI Path Overhead Indicator POH Path Overhead BIP8 Bit Interleaved Parity 8 X Unassigned Figure 6 7 DS3 PLCP Frame Format Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 6 7 NTP 297 8103 903 Line Interface Hardware Interface 6 8 E3 Frame Format m For public network UNI and private network UNI NNI m Physical layer ITU T G703 G751 G804 G832 1432 ETSI T NA 91 18 D oO D O oO DO Coaxial cable Line coding HDB3 Data rate line rate 34 368 Mbps 20ppm Cell rate 33 92 Mbps G832 34 01 Mbps G751 Direct Mapping 59 octets 530 octets payload 9 rows Trail Trace Maintenance and Adaptation Network Operator General Communication Channel Figure 6 8 G 832 E3 Frame Format Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Hardware Interface Line Interface 384 bit 10bit 3 1 1 Bit from tributaries Bit from tributaries Bit from tributaries BTAJ Bit from tributaries FAS Frame alignment signal RAI Alarm indication to the remote digital multiplex equipment N U Bit reserved for national use J
17. Basic Configuration and Setup 4 Delete the SVC signaling PVC connection DELETE signaling slot number port number vpi number This command deletes the PVC connection signaling VCI for the specified port The default VPI VCI is 0 5 Example DELETE sig 23 O Because of intelligent traffic being sent between ATM switches sometimes the port configures itself with a PNNI signaling channel If the interface needs to be modified this PVC connection will also need to be deleted The default PNNI VPI VCI is 0 18 5 Delete the PNNI signaling PVC connection DELETE pnni slot number port number vpi number Example DELETE PNNI 23 0 At this time you are able to modify the interface port 6 Configure the interface SET interface slot number port number Example SET int 23 This command opens a configuration sub routine The parameters already identified in Step 1 will be prompted on an individual basis Remember that the VPI and VCI bit field entries DO NOT identify the VPI VCI that you will be using for the port These two fields identify the number of bits that will be used for each field The defaults are 6 and 8 for VPI and VCI respectively With the interface properly configured ILMI signaling and PNNI should be restored as needed 7 Install the ILMI and SVC signaling connections SET ilmi slot number port number vpi Example SET ilmi 23 Default 0 VPI VCI ilmi default 0 16 SET signaling slot number
18. Element Function A function within an ATM entity that supports the ATM based network transport services e g multiplexing cross connection Neighbor Node A node that is directly connected to a particular node via a logical link NEL Network Element Layer An abstraction of functions related specifically to the technology vendor and the network resources or network elements that provide basic communications services NEXT Near End Crosstalk Equipment that must concurrently receive on one wire pair and transmit on another wire pair in the same cable bundle must accommodate NEXT interference NEXT is the portion of the transmitted signal that leaks into the receive pair Since at this point on the link the transmitted signal is at maximum and the receive signal has been attenuated it may be difficult to maintain an acceptable ACR with the received signal if the cable media allows large amounts of crosstalk leakage to occur Foiled or shielded cables generally have less crosstalk than unshielded varieties NIC Network Interface Card The attachment that connects a device to a network The NIC usually a PC expansion board executes the code needed by the connected device to share a cable or some other media with other stations N ISDN Narrowband Integrated Services Digital Network Services include basic rate interface 2B D or BRI and primary rate interface 23B D or PRI Supports narrowband speeds at or below 1 5 Mbps
19. G 703 ITU T Recommendation G 703 Physical Electrical Characteristics of Hierarchical Digital Interfaces G 704 ITU T Recommendation G 704 Synchronous Frame Structures Used at Primary and Secondary Hierarchy Levels G 804 ITU T Recommendation G 804 ATM Cell Mapping into Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy PDH GCAC Generic Connection Admission Control This is a process to determine if a link has potentially enough resources to support a connection GCRA Generic Cell Rate Algorithm The GCRA is used to define conformance with respect to the traffic contract of the connection For each cell arrival the GCRA determines whether the cell conforms to the traffic contract The UPC function may implement the GCRA or one or more equivalent algorithms to enforce conformance The GCRA is defined with two parameters the Increment I and the Limit L Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary GFC Generic Flow Control GFC is a field in the ATM header which can be used to provide local functions e g flow control It has local significance only and the value encoded in the field is not carried end to end GWPAD GateWay Packet Assembler and Disassembler A functional unit that interconnects two computer networks with different network architectures and enables data terminal equipment DTE not equipped for packet switching to access a packet switched network H Channel H Channels
20. Manual B 75 NTP 297 8103 903 T Glossary T1Q1 An ANSI standards sub committee dealing with performance T1S1 An ANSI standards sub committee dealing with services architecture and signaling T1X1 An ANSI standards sub committee dealing with digital hierarchy and synchronization TB Transparent Bridging An IETF bridging standard where bridge behavior is transparent to the data traffic To avoid ambiguous routes or loops a Spanning Tree algorithm is utilized TBE Transient Buffer Exposure A negotiated number of cells that the network would like to limit the source to sending during startup periods before the first RM cell returns TC Transaction Capabilities TCAP see below plus supporting Presentation Session and Transport protocol layers TC Transmission Convergence The TC sublayer transforms the flow of cells into a steady flow of bits and bytes for transmission over the physical medium On transmit the TC sublayer maps the cells to the frame format generates the Header Error Check HEC sends idle cells when the ATM layer has none to send On reception the TC sublayer delineates individual cells in the received bit stream and uses the HEC to detect and correct received errors TCAP Transaction Capabilities Applications Part A connectionless SS7 protocol for the exchange of information outside the context of a call or connection It typically runs over SCCP and MTP 3 B 76 Centillion 120
21. NM Network Management Entity The body of software in a switching system that provides the ability to manage the PNNI protocol NM interacts with the PNNI protocol through the MIB Nrm An ABR service parameter Nrm is the maximum number of cells a source may send for each forward RM cell Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 49 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B 50 NMS Network Management System The system responsible for managing a portion of a network The NMS talks to network management agents which reside in the managed nodes via a network management protocol The NMS is the entity that implements functions at the Network Management Layer It may also include Element Management Layer functions A Network Management System may manage one or more other Network Management Systems NML Network Management Layer An abstraction of the functions provided by systems which manage network elements on a collective basis so as to monitor and control the network end to end NMS Network Management System An entity that implements functions at the Network Management Layer It may also include Element Management Layer functions A Network Management System may manage one or more other Network Management Systems NMS Environment A set of NMS which cooperate to manage one or more subnetworks NNI Network Node Interface An interface between ATM switches defined as the interface between two network nodes Nodal Attrib
22. Pair A cable having one or more twisted pairs but with no shield per pair V VBR Variable Bit Rate An ATM Forum defined service category which supports variable bit rate data traffic with average and peak traffic parameters vc Virtual Channel Existing with a Virtual Tributary in the terminology of SONET it is equivalent to a traditional TDM channel It s just a fancier for a channel but maintaining the virtual nomenclature of SONET A communications channel that provides for the sequential unidirectional transport of ATM cells VCC Virtual Channel Connection A concatenation of VCLs that extends between the points where the ATM service users access the ATM layer The points at which the ATM cell payload is passed to or received from the users of the ATM Layer i e a higher layer or ATM entity for processing signify the endpoints of a VCC VCCs are unidirectional VCCI Voluntary Control Council for Interference VCI Virtual Channel Identifier A unique numerical tag as defined by a 16 bit field in the ATM cell header that identifies a virtual channel over which the cell is to travel VCL Virtual Channel Link A means of unidirectional transport of ATM cells between the point where a VCI value is assigned and the point where that value is translated or removed Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 83 NTP 297 8103 903 V Glossary vco Voltage Controlled Oscillator An oscillator whose clock frequency is determined b
23. SONET Section Terminating Equipment SONET equipment that terminates a section of a link between a transmitter and repeater repeater and repeater or repeater and receiver This is usually implemented in wide area facilities and not implemented by SONET Lite STM Synchronous Transfer Module STM is a basic building block used for a synchronous multiplexing hierarchy defined by the CCITT ITU T STM 1 operates at a rate of 155 52 Mbps same as STS 3 STM 1 Synchronous Transport Module 1 SDH standard for transmission over OC 3 optical fiber at 155 52 Mbps STM n Synchronous Transport Module n where n is an integer SDH standards for transmission over optical fiber OC n x 3 by multiplexing n STM 1 frames e g STM 4 at 622 08 Mbps and STM 16 at 2 488 Gbps STM nc Synchronous Transport Module n concatenated where n is an integer SDH standards for transmission over optical fiber OC n x 3 by multiplexing n STM 1 frames e g STM 4 at 622 08 Mbps and STM 16 at 2 488 Gbps but treating the information fields as a single concatenated payload Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary S STP Signaling Transfer Point A high speed reliable special purpose packet switch for signaling messages in the SS7 network STP Shielded Twisted Pair A cable containing one or more twisted pair wires with each pair having a shield of foil wrap STS Start Synchronous STS 1 Synchronous Trans
24. Secondary Speed Interface 6 3M Frame Format Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 6 5 NTP 297 8103 903 Line Interface Hardware Interface 6 6 DS3 Frame Format m For public network UNI and private network UNI NNI m Physical layer ITU T G703 G804 1432 ANSI T1 102 1933 T1 107a 1990 T1 404 1994 T1 646 1995 Bellcore TR NWT 001112 TR NWT 000499 D D O D CO O UO UO UJ Coaxial cable Line coding B3ZS Data rate line rate 44 736 Mbps Cell rate 44 21 Mbps Direct Mapping 40 70 Mbps PLCP Figure 6 6 and Figure 6 7 illustrate DS3 frame format and DS3 PLACP frame format Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Hardware Interface Line Interface 16 bit 84 bit 680 bit Subframe 7 Subframe each with 680 bits 1 M Frame with 4760 bytes NFO PYLD Information Payload 4704 bytes available for the PLCP Each INFO PYLD block 84 bits he symbol represents an INFO PYLD block X Fn where n 1001 C P Mn where n 010 DS3 Overhead Bit Figure 6 6 DS3 Frame Format PLCP Framing POI POH PLCP Payload 0 u sec Al A2 Pll Z6 First ATM Cell Al A2 P10 Z5 ATM Cell Al A2 P9 Z4 ATM Cell Al A2 P8 Z3 ATM Cell Al A2 P7 Z2 ATM Cell Al A2 P6 Zl ATM Cell
25. Switch After connecting the cable and relay connector to the LAN card insert the LAN card into the PCMCIA card slot in the front of the switch CPU card Insert the card securely and all the way in until the ejector button on the side of the slot pops out Facing the main unit the ejector button on the right is for slot 0 the one on the left is for slot 1 A PRECAUTI ON Be sure to turn off the equipment s power before inserting or removing the card Inserting or removing the card without turning off the power may cause a malfunction or failure 4 Connectto the relay connector the UTP cable from the Ethernet 10BaseT to be connected to the ATM Switch 5 Turn on the power switch of the ATM Switch To remove the LAN card press the ejector button on the side of the slot The card will be automatically ejected Refer to PCMCIA Cards on page 1 4 for instructions on handling the PCMCIA card Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 10 17 NTP 297 8103 903 Upgrading Software Modifications Upgrading 10 18 The following software upgrade mode settings are available for the ATM Switch FLASH FLASH UP FLASH UP SAVE INITIALIZE INITIALIZE SAVE NETWORK NETWORK SAVE Use the boot monitor to set the upgrade mode The boot monitor is started by pressing ESC from the MAT while the booting message is displayed when the power is turned on or the unit is reset Once in the boot monitor the display will show the BOOT
26. Switch 3 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Maintenance and Operations Overview This section describes how the ATM Switch is operated maintained and managed The ATM Switch is primarily maintained and operated using a dedicated terminal called MAT that is connected to the ATM Switch via RS 232C Some of the functions may also be performed from an NMS connected via the ATM or Ether network SNMP the standard protocol for Internet hardware is used over UDP IP SNAP LLC AALS for communications between the NMS and the ATM Switch Figure 9 1 illustrates how the MAT and the NMS are used to control maintenance operations MAT _ t Figure 9 1 Control with MAT and NMS Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 9 1 MAT and NMS Maintenance and Operations MAT and NMS MAT The primary functions that can be used from a MAT and NMS are as listed below MAT Initialize the system Input system configuration data Set delete or display PVC including connection with NMS Set delete or display SVC routing table Display system alarm and line alarm Display the operation status of a line card Display the types of line cards mounted NMS Display set PVC Display system alarm and line alarm Display the operation status of a line card Display the types of line cards mounted Display SVC number of connections only Monitor traffic Display t
27. Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Installation Mounting of Switch on Chassis NTP 297 8103 903 ATM Switch Install the assembly of the ATM Switch and chassis brackets above the shelf Installation installed on the chassis Securely fasten the ATM Switch to the chassis with the two screws to the left and right on the front of the chassis brackets Figure 7 10 ATM Switch Installation Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 7 11 Connecting Communication Cables Installation Connecting Communication Cables This section describes the various communication cables connected to the line cards installed in the ATM Switch and how to connect them Types of The following types of communication cables are available for the ATM Switch Communication Cables Physical Layer Throughput Transmission Medium Connector OC 12 STM 4 622 Mbps Single mode optical fiber SC OC 3 STM 1 155 Mbps Multi mode optical fiber SC OC 3 STM 1 155 Mbps Single mode optical fiber SC TAXI 100 Mbps Multi mode fiber SC OC 3 STM 1 155 Mbps UTP 5 RJ 45 modular jack J2 6 3 Mbps Coaxial cable BNC DS3 45 Mbps Coaxial cable BNC E3 34 Mbps Coaxial cable BNC Optical Cables There are two types of optical cables single mode optical fiber cables and multi mode optical fiber cables The single mode optical fiber cables are used for OC 12c and OC 3c STMI SMF and the multi mode optical fiber cables for OC 3c
28. The standardized interface between a LE client and a LE Server LES LECS and BUS M1 Management Interface 1 The management of ATM end devices M2 Management Interface 2 The management of Private ATM networks or switches M3 Management Interface 3 The management of links between public and private networks M4 Management Interface 4 The management of public ATM networks M5 Management Interface 5 The management of links between two public networks MAC Media Access Control IEEE specifications for the lower half of the data link layer layer 2 that defines topology dependent access control protocols for IEEE LAN specifications MAC Address The address for a device as it is identified at the Media Access Control layer in the network architecture Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 43 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B 44 MAN Metropolitan Area Network A network designed to carry data over an area larger than a campus such as an entire city and its outlying area Managed System Anentity thatis managed by one or more management systems which can be either Element Management Systems Subnetwork or Network Management Systems or any other management systems Management Domain An entity used here to define the scope of naming Management System An entity that manages a set of managed systems which can be either NEs subnetworks or other management systems MAT Maintenance and Admini
29. are ISDN bearer services that have pre defined speeds starting and stopping locations on a PRI and are contiguously transported from one PRI site through networks to another PRI site HO Channel A 384 kbps channel that consists of six contiguous DSOs 64 kbps of a T1 line H10 Channel The North American 1472 kbps channel from a T1 or primary rate carrier This is equivalent to twenty three 23 64 kbps channels H11 Channel The North American primary rate used as a single 1536 kbps channel This channel uses 24 contiguous DSOs or the entire T1 line except for the 8 kbps framing pattern H12 The European primary rate used as a single 1920 kbps channel 30 64 kbps channels or the entire E1 line except for the 64 kbps framing and maintenance channel Host Apparent Address A set of internetwork layer addresses which a host will directly resolve to lower layer addresses 1 IBM Dictionary of Computing Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 31 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B 32 HBFG Host Behavior Functional Group The group of functions performed by an ATM attached host that is participating in the MPOA service HDLC High Level Data Link Control An ITU TSS link layer protocol standard for point to point and multi point communications Header Protocol control information located at the beginning of a protocol data unit HEC Header Error Control Using the fifth octet in the ATM cell header ATM equipment m
30. card slot 2 Tighten the screws on the left and right of the front plate to fix the front plate in place Figure 10 15 Inserting the Front Plate A PRECAUTION Do not insert a hand into an idle slot to prevent injury from sharp guide rail corners etc Be sure to install a front plate over a slot not containing a line card With out the front plate the slot will hinder proper cooling and may cause a fail ure Removing the 1 Remove the screws on the left and right of the front plate that are fixing the Front Plate front plate in place 2 Remove the front plate 10 12 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Modifications Installing the Fan Unit Installing the Fan Unit This section describes the procedures for installing the fan unit Inserting the Fan 1 Clean the connector with cleaner before inserting the fan units Unit Remove the front cover from the front of the main unit Insert the fan unit into the fan unit slot When inserting the fan unit securely hold it with both hands as shown in Figure 10 16 and insert it evenly on the left and right sides and on top and bottom Make sure the fan unit is right side up Figure 10 16 Inserting the Fan Unit 4 Tightenthe screw on the top of the fan unit front plate to fix the fan unit in place 5 Install the front cover Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 10 13 NTP 297 8103 903 Installing the Fan Unit Modifi
31. circuit emulation which requires rigorous timing control and performance parameters CCITT Comite Consutarif International Telegraphique at Telephonique The Consultive Committee on International Telegraph and Telephony The CCIT is known as the ITU T International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications Services Sector based in Geneva Switzerland The scope of its work is now much broader than just telegraphy and telephony It now also includes telematics data new services systems and networks like ISDN CCR Current Cell Rate The Current Cell Rate is an RM cell field set by the source to its current ACR when it generates a forward RM cell This field may be used to facilitate the calculation of ER and may not be changed by network elements CCR is formatted as a rate CCS Common Channel Signaling A form signaling in which a group of circuits share a signaling channel Refer to SS7 CDF Cutoff Decrease Factor CDF controls the decrease in ACR Allowed Cell Rate associated with CRM CD ROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory Used by a computer to store large amounts of data Commonly used for interactive video games CDV Cell Delay Variation CDV is a component of cell transfer delay induced by buffering and cell scheduling Peak to peak CDV is a QoS delay parameter associated with CBR and VBR services The peak to peak CDV is the 1 a quantile of the CTD minus the fixed CTD that could be experienced by any deli
32. collection of managed entities grouped for administrative reasons Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 3 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation A reduced bit rate variant of PCM audio encoding see also PCM This algorithm encodes the difference between an actual audio sample amplitude and a predicted amplitude and adapts the resolution based on recent differential values ADTF ACR Decrease Time Factor This is the time permitted between sending RM cells before the rate is decreased to ICR Initial Cell Rate The ADTF range is 0 01 to 10 23 sec with granularity of 10 ms AFI Authority and Format Identifier This identifier is part of the network level address header Agent Acts on behalf of another person or thing with delegated authority The agents goals are those of the entity that created it Aggregation Token A number assigned to an outside link by the border nodes at the ends of the outside link The same number is associated with all uplinks and induced uplinks associated with the outside link In the parent and all higher level peer group all uplinks with the same aggregation token are aggregated AHFG ATM attached Host Functional Group The group of functions performed by an ATM attached host that is participating in the MPOA service Al Artificial Intelligence Perhaps the next phase of computing The present form of IA in computer software are called Ex
33. configuration Redundant Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Hardware Configuration and Overview of Functions Hardware Specifications This page is for your notes 4 10 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Software Specifications This section briefly describes the functions of the ATM Switch As a core entity in an ATM network the ATM Switch provides a variety of functions to sustain and operate the network most efficiently and at high quality Here the following functions of the ATM Switch are explained m Connection Management Signaling Control Routing Traffic Management Hardware Management Connection Management The ATM Switch supports both fixed connections PVCs and variable connections SVCs PVC is a fixed connection that is manually established on the ATM Switch Normally the connection is established according to the connection information stored in the PCMCIA ATA card The connection establishment can be changed by changing the connection information from an external MAT When the ATM Switch is reset the connection is established according to the PVC connection information stored in the PCMCIA ATA card or PVC connection information downloaded from an external source SVC is a variable connection that is prepared by a protocol called signaling that establishes and releases SVCs The ATM Switch maintains a network address line correspondence table t
34. consists of concatenation of ATM Layer links in order to provide an end to end information transfer capability to access points Connection In switched virtual connection SVC environments the LAN Emulation Management entities set up connections between each other using UNI signaling Connectionless Refers to ability of existing LANs to send data without previously establishing connections Control Connections A Control VCC links the LEC to the LECS Control VCCs also link the LEC to the LES and carry LE_ARP traffic and control frames The control VCCs never carry data frames Corresponding Entities Peer entities with a lower layer connection among them CP Control Panel CPAD Character Packet Assembly Disassembly CPCS Common Part Convergence Sublayer The portion of the convergence sublayer of an AAL that remains the same regardless of the traffic type B 18 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary CPCS SDU Common Part Convergence Sublayer Service Data Unit Protocol data unit to be delivered to the receiving AAL layer by the destination CP convergence sublayer CPE Customer Premises Equipment End user equipment that resides on the customer s premise which may not be owned by the local exchange carrier CPN Calling Party Number A parameter of the initial address message that identifies the calling number and is sent to the destination carrier CPU Central Processing Center The brian of t
35. contain multiple programs TS Traffic Shaping Traffic shaping is a mechanism that alters the traffic characteristics of a stream of cells on a connection to achieve better network efficiency while meeting the QoS objectives or to ensure conformance at a subsequent interface Traffic shaping must maintain cell sequence integrity on a connection Shaping modifies traffic characteristics of a cell flow with the consequence of increasing the mean Cell Transfer Delay TS Time Stamp Time Stamping is used on OAM cells to compare time of entry of cell to time of exit of cell to be used to determine the cell transfer delay of the connection Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary U TSI Telecommunications Standards Institute The primary telecommunications standards organization TTC Telecommunications Technology Council A Japanese standards committee TTCN Tree and Tabular Combined Notation The internationally standardized test script notation for specifying abstract test suites TTCN provides a notation which is independent of test methods layers and protocol TTL Transitor transitor logic UBR Unspecified Bit Rate An ATM service category which does not specify traffic related service guarantees Specifically UBR does not include the notion of a per connection negotiated bandwidth No numerical commitments are made with respect to the cell loss ratio experienced by a UBR connection
36. disassembly of cells according to AALS when the CPU communicates with the NMS Network Management System via ATM line or when switching cells according to SVC m ASW is a functional block composed of ATOMSW output buffer type switch This functional block controls cell switching m CLK generates system clock Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 4 3 NTP 297 8103 903 Hardware Configuration and Overview of Functions Hardware Specifications m CPU is a card whose software operates to control the entire ATM Switch and is composed of a 64 bit RISC processor main memory flash memory etc Hardware Block Description of Functions Switch CPU card ASW Cell switching control point to point connection point to multipoint connection Five class cell delay priority control Cell alignment Back Pressure BP sampling control generation control multiplexing control CLK m System clock generation and distribution m Self running mode self running precision 4 6 ppm m Slave mode pull in range 9 2 ppm only lines 00 13 can be enslaved GWPAD M Cell assembly disassembly control transmission reception 512 connection m DMA transfer control burst access CPU m RISC processor installed m Main memory 32 Mbytes m Flash memory PCMCIA card m LAN interface control Ethernet PCMCIA card m SIO interface RS 232C m Clock Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903
37. generation Frame termination Cell alignment Speed conversion Line loop back control MUX Cell multiplexing demultiplexing of multiple PHY Cell loop back control ALT m SSO Switch Specific Overhead generation reception side Cell header conversion transmission side Policing control Flow monitor e g passing cell count OAM function Fault Management Cell storage buffer 32K cell buffer QoS five class CBR rt VBR nrt VBR ABR UBR Two class cell loss priority control EPD Early Packet Discard BP Back Pressure reception control IXB Congestion notification control Cell storage buffer 32K cell buffer QoS five class CBR rt VBR nrt VBR ABR UBR BP Back Pressure generation control OXB Broadcast cell control ABR ER control binary mode Congestion notification control Shaping Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 4 7 NTP 297 8103 903 Hardware Configuration and Overview of Functions Hardware Specifications Interworking Cards The FR card and the CE card installed in the ATM Switch are equipped with a function for interworking between ATM network and other types of networks The CE cards provide structured service and unstructured service in circuit emulation There are four types of CE cards m CE DS1 m CE J2 m CE DS3 m CE El With CE DS1 8 bit channels are stored in DS1 frames and the DS1 frames can be switched over to ATM cells dep
38. invented by Digital Equipment Corporation used to prevent logic loops in a bridged network by creating a spanning tree The algorithm is now documented in the IEEE 802 1d specifications although the Digital algorithm and the IEEE 802 1d algorithm are not the same nor are they compatible When multiple paths exist says PC Magazine s Frank Derfler STA lets a bridge use only the most efficient one If that path fails STA automatically reconfigures the network to make another path become active sustaining network operations This algorithm is used mostly by local bridges it is not economical for use over leased telephone circuits connecting remote bridges SPE SONET Synchronous Payload Envelope The SONET frame format is divided into two main areas Synchronous Payload Envelope SPE and Transport Overhead TOH The SPE contains the information being transported by the frame Newton s Telecom Dictionary B 70 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary Split System A switching system which implements the functions of more than one logical node SPTS Single Program Transport Stream An MPEG 2 Transport Stream that consists of only one program SR Source Routing A bridged method whereby the source at a data exchange determines the route that subsequent frames will use SRF Specifically Routed Frame A Source Routing Bridging Frame which uses a specific route between the source and destin
39. is automatically generated by ILMI function dynamic routing table and or set from a MAT static routing table Traffic control When competition occurs in sending out cells this traffic control function prevents the cell with a higher priority from being delayed or discarded Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 4 1 NTP 297 8103 903 Flow of ATM Cells Hardware Specifications m Network management system interface This unit exchanges maintenance information with the network management system Flow of ATM Cells The flow of ATM cells is as follows 1 Cells sent over lines are received by the line cards 2 The line cards generate switching information from the VPI VCI and PT in the cell header 3 The switch CPU card outputs cells to the line cards corresponding to the destination lines 4 Alinecard that receives a cell converts the VPI VCI and PT in the cell header 5 Cells are sent to the destination lines As an ATM switch the switch CPU card time division multiplexes ATM cells from the four line cards uses AFs address filters to sort the input ATM cells according to the destinations in their headers then sends the ATM cells to the line cards In addition the switch CPU card is equipped with a CPU and has an interface with MAT or NMS to perform hardware control path connection control and protocol control From line cards To line cards dlallinassigned call Time division Only input ATM cal
40. method The communication channels for cells are such virtual connections as VP Virtual Path and VC Virtual Channel These are identified by the VPI Virtual Path Identifier and VCI Virtual Channel Identifier stored in the 5 byte header of each cell Figure 2 4 is a conceptual diagram of VP and VC in an ATM network and the format of ATM cells ATM Cell MM VPIF1 WCI 1 Terminal AC d Figure 2 4 Virtual Path VP and Virtual Channel VC Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 2 5 NTP 297 8103 903 What is ATM What is the Centillion 1200N Switch Figure 2 5 illustrates the ATM cell format B S 2 3 a amp bls m a CLP Ea Ea oj x 2 es Ea X elo ENEA EES L5 pu e S iE ui ERES UNI User Network Interface S NAL Network Metwork Interface GFC Generne Flow Control VPI Virtual Path Mentifier User Information VOCE Verlual Channel Identifier PT Payload Type GLP Cell Loss Priory HEC Header Error Control _ p 3 point to point signalling default VPIEO user data cell congestion SDLIHypae normal prardy 2 6 Figure 2 5 ATM Cell Format Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 What is the Centillion 1200N Switch What is a Server Card What is a Server Card The Server Card is a CPU built in card for realizing seamless con
41. network routing used by ATM end systems only Semipermanent Connection A connection established via a service order or via network management SES Severely Errored Seconds A unit used to specify the error performance of T carrier systems This indicates a second containing ten or more errors usually expressed as SES per hour day or week This method gives a better indication of the distribution of bit errors than a simple Bit Error Rate BER Refer also to EFS SES Source End Station An ATM termination point which is the source of ATM messages of a connection and is used as a reference point for ABR services Refer to DES SF SuperFrame A DS1 framing format in which 24 DSO timeslots plus a coded framing bit are organized into a frame which is repeated 12 times to form the superframe SFIT SDH Frame Interface Termination Shaping Descriptor Signal An electrical wave used to convey information N ordered pairs of GCRA parameters LL used to define the negotiated traffic shape of a connection SIO Scientific or Industrial Organization SIPP SMDS Interface Protocol Protocol where layer 2 is based on ATM AAL and DQDB Layer 1 is DS1 and DS3 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary SMDS Switched Multi Megabit Data Services A connectionless service used to connect LANs MANs and WANs to exchange data SMF Single Mode Fiber Fiber optic cable in which the signal or li
42. of Message An indicator contained in the first cell of an ATM segmented packet Border Node A logical node that is in a specified peer group and has at least one link that crosses the peer group boundary BP Back Pressure Propagation effects in a communications network of hop by hop flow control to upstream nodes BPDU Bridge Protocol Data Unit A message type used by bridges to exchange management and control information BPP Bridge Port Pair Source Routing Descriptor Frame header information identifying a bridge LAN pair of a Source route segment Broadband A generic term referring to any network traffic type or device providing or requiring a large amount of bandwidth A service or system requiring transmission channels capable of supporting rates greater than the Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN primary rate Broadband Access An ISDN access capable of supporting one or more broadband services Broadcast Data transmission to all addresses or functions BT Burst Tolerance BT applies to ATM connections supporting VBR services and is the limit parameter of the GCRA B 12 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary Btag Beginning Tag A one octet field of the CPCS_PDU used in conjunction with the Etag octet to form an association between the beginning of message and end of message B TE Broadband Terminal Equipment An equipment category for B ISDN which includes terminal adapters and t
43. of a link to that node Partial Packet Discard PPD Partial Packet Discard PPD is a congestion control technique that drops all of the ATM cells in a Classical IP over ATM packet When congestion occurs and any one cell of a particular frame is dropped PPD discards the rest of the cells since the frame is errored and will need to be sent again anyway Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 59 NTP 297 8103 903 P Glossary PRI Primary Rate Interface An ISDN standard for provisioning of 1 544 Mbps DS1 ISDN services The standard supports 23 B channels of 64 kbps each and one D channel of 64 kbps Primitive An abstract implementation independent interaction between a layer service user and a layer service provider Private ATM Address A twenty byte address used to identify an ATM connection termination point Protocol A set of rules and formats semantic and syntactic that determines the communication behavior of layer entities in the performance of the layer functions Protocol Control Information Information exchanged between corresponding entities using a lower layer connection to coordinate their joint operation PT Payload Type Payload Type is a 3 bit field in the ATM cell header that discriminates between a cell carrying management information or one which is carrying user information PTI Payload Type Indicator Payload Type Indicator is the Payload Type field value distinguishing the various management cell
44. personal computers and workstations called MATS as well as from the NMS that is connected to the ATM Switch via ATM or ether network SNMP the standard protocol for Internet hardware is used over UDP IP SNAP LLC AALS for communications between the NMS and the ATM Switch To realize this function the ATM Switch maintains Management information base MIB II stipulated by RFC1213 Call processing function NMS interface function Figure 9 7 Protocol Stack Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 9 7 NTP 297 8103 903 NMS Maintenance and Operations NMS Interface via ATM NMS Interface via Ethernet 9 8 The CPU can exchange data with the NMS via ATM lines To realize this function GWPAD assembles ATM cells into data and disassembles data into ATM cells The CPU monitors errors in the hardware and sends to the NMS error information Figure 9 8 shows how data is transferred from the NMS to CPU ATM cell Data in ATM header is converted into address number ATM cell iit Data addressed to CPU gt Figure 9 8 NMS Interface via ATM By using a PCMCIA LAN card the CPU can directly exchange data with NMS via Ethernet Refer to Inserting PCMCIA Cards on Page 7 14 for details on the PCMCIA LAN card Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Maintenance and Operations Periodic Maintenance Periodic Maintenance This section describes the periodic ma
45. prompt The system is coming up now If you want to enter boot program push ESC key immediately If the ESC key is detected within 3 seconds boot program is loaded BOOT Figure 10 22 Starting the Boot Monitor Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Modifications Upgrading Software FLASH Mode Load the software from the ATA card mounted in the PCMCIA slot to start the software The office data will return to the initial setting status This is the default value of the boot mode ine meli uae Figure 10 23 FLASH Mode Procedure 1 Turn off the power of the ATM Switch 2 Replace the old ATA card with the new version ATA card 3 Turn on the power of the ATM Switch Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 10 19 NTP 297 8103 903 Upgrading Software Modifications FLASH UP Mode Load the software from the ATA card mounted in the PCMCIA slot 40 The office data is loaded from the ATA card mounted in the PCMCIA slot 1 Office data is not saved creer Figure 10 24 FLASH UP Mode Procedure 1 Turn off the power of the ATM Switch 2 Insert the new version ATA card in PCMCIA slot 40 and the ATA card containing the office data you wish to continue to use in PCMCIA slot 1 Turn on the power of the ATM Switch and start the boot monitor Set the boot mode as follows BOOT SET boot flash up 5 End the boot monitor BOOT QUIT 10
46. server card option in the line card slot the ATM Switch can be used as a LAN emulation server or an ARP server Total management of network As the ATM Switch is equipped with a network management agent function based on SNMP it can be managed along with such LAN products as routers and hubs Interworking with other types of networks Interworking between ATM network and other types of networks can be realized by installing an interworking line card Frame Relay card FR DS1 and a Circuit Emulation card CE DS 1 in the ATM Switch Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 What is the Centillion 1200N Switch Outside View of the ATM Switch Outside View of the ATM Switch Figure 2 1 and Figure 2 2 show the external structure of the ATM Switch The ATM Switch has the following dimensions m 440 mm 17 3 in wide m 410mm 16 1 in deep m 154mm 6 1 in high including rubber footing Figure 2 1 Front View Figure 2 2 Back View DC Power Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 2 3 NTP 297 8103 903 Centillion 1200NSample System Configuration What is the Centillion 1200N Switch Centillion 1200NSample System Configuration Explained in Figure 2 3 are LAN to LAN connection and ATM LAN which are principal systems using the ATM Switch Beheak management seer BIOMN VIE Perrin 1 b Figure 2 3 Sample System Configuration LAN to LAN Connection ATM Switch
47. service The network may perform internetworking based on AAL information element IE BCOB X Bearer Class X Indicated by ATM end user in SETUP message for ATM transport service where AAL traffic type and timing requirements are transparent to the network BECN Backward Explicit Congestion Notification A Resource Management RM cell type generated by the network or the destination indicating congestion or approaching congestion for traffic flowing in the direction opposite that of the BECN cell BER Bit Error Rate A measure of transmission quality It is generally shown as a negative exponent e g 10 7 which means 1 out of 107 bits are in error or 1 out of 10 000 000 bits are in error BHLI Broadband High Layer Information This is a Q 2931 information element that identifies an application or session layer protocol of an application Bi Signaling ID assigned by Exchange B B ICI B ISDN Inter Carrier Interface An ATM Forum defined specification for the interface between public ATM networks to support user services across multiple public carriers Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B ICI SAAL B ICI Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer A signaling layer that permits the transfer of connection control signaling and ensures reliable delivery of the protocol message The SAAL is divided into a Service Specific part and a Common part AALS BIP Bit Interleaved Parity A me
48. the performance of the PHY layer LOS Loss of Signal A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHY overhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost the received signal This is used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer LPF Low Pass Filter In an MPEG 2 clock recovery circuit it is a technique for smoothing or averaging changes to the system clock LSAP Link Service Access Point Logical address of boundary between layer 3 and LLC sublayer 2 LSB Least Significant Bit The lowest order bit in the binary representation of a numerical value LSR Leaf Setup Request A setup message type used when a leaf node requests connection to existing point to multipoint connection or requests creation of a new multipoint connection LT Lower Tester The representation in ISO IEC 9646 of the means of providing during test execution indirect control and observation of the lower service boundary of the IUT using the underlying service provider Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary LTE SONET Lite Terminating Equipment ATM equipment terminating a communications facility using a SONET Lite Transmission Convergence TC layer This is usually reserved for end user or LAN equipment The SONET Lite TC does not implement some of the maintenance functions used in long haul networks such as termination of path line and section overhead LUNI LANE UNI
49. to the sustained rate at which cells can be accommodated while the bucket depth applies to the tolerance to cell bursting over a given time period LE LAN Emulation Refer to LANE LED Light Emitting Diode A semiconductor diode that emits light when a current passes through it LEDs are often used for alarm and power indication lights on equipment B 38 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary Leadership Priority The priority with which a logical node wishes to be elected peer group leader of its peer group Generally of all nodes in a peer group the one with the highest leadership priority will be elected as peer group leader Leaf Node Any node in a tree structure that is at the farthest distance from the root primary node no matter which path is followed In any tree a leaf is a node at the end of the branch one that has no descendants 1 Leaky Bucket An informal term for the Generic Cell Rate Algorithm LE ARP LAN Emulation Address Resolution Protocol A message issued by a LE client to solicit the ATM address of another function LEC Local Exchange Carrier A telephone company affiliate of a Regional Bell Operating Company or an Independent Telephone Company LEC LAN Emulation Client The entity in end systems which performs data forwarding address resolution and other control functions LECID LAN Emulation Client Identifier This identifier contained in the LAN
50. up to 8kV Japan EN61000 3 RFI 3V m EN61000 4 Electrical Fast Transients level 2 Power Environmental Conditions IEC555 2 Power Factor Correction IEC555 3 AC Input Transients Audible noise 807779 paragraph 7 max 50dBA Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Standards Functional Specifications and Standards Standards Functional The Centillion 1200N is a 2 5 Gbps Switch It conforms to the standards and recommendations listed below ATM Forum ATM User Network Interface Specification Version3 0 3 1 4 0 ITU T formerly CCITT Broadband ISDN related Recommendations G 703a Physical layer electrical interface characteristics G 707 SDH Speed G 708 Basic Structure of SDH Frame G 709 Detailed Structure of SDH Frame G 782 Types and General Characteristics of SDH Multiplexing Device G 783 Characteristics of SDH Multiplexing Device G 804 ATM Cell Mapping to PDH G 803 Transmission Network Architecture 1 113 B ISDN Terminology 1 121 Basic Principles of B ISDN 1 150 Characteristics of B ISDN ATM Functions 1 211 B ISDN Services 1 311 Signaling Principles of the Network Side of B ISDN 1 321 B ISDN Protocol Referral Model and its Application 1 327 Functional Structure of B ISDN 1 35B ATM Layer Cell Transfer Function of B ISDN 1 361 ATM Layer Sp
51. where it is constantly humid or it is dusty m Do not place a radio television or any other equipment that produces strong magnetism near the ATM Switch Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 1 3 Safety Measures Precautions on Handling the Product Handling of Main Unit and Cables PCMCIA Cards Do not open the equipment or disassemble it Do not block ventilation holes or air cooling fans Do not expose the equipment to strong shock or vibration Do not place heavy objects on the equipment Keep water chemicals etc from coming in contact the equipment Keep foreign objects from entering the inside of the equipment Do not touch the reset switch or cable connections during operation Keep the cables from being at sharp angles The following precautions apply to PCMIA cards if supplied Do not touch the card s terminal Poor contact or failure may result Do not bend the card or subject it to external shock Destruction of saved data or a failure may result Store the card away from heat moisture or direct sunlight These elements may cause the card to deform or fail Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 What is the Centillion 1200N Switch The Centillion 1200N is a compact desktop 2 5 Gbps ATM Switch At the core is an input output buffer switch that realizes a 2 5 Gbps nonblocking throughput The ATM Switch can accommodate up to four lines of 622 Mbps interface conforming to the
52. workstation that supports serial communication software and can act as a VT100 terminal or a MAT The null modem cable has a D SUB 9 pin male connector connected to the 8550 and the other end varies from a D SUB 9 pin female connector for connection to a PC or a 25 pin male connector for connection to a workstation Connector gender changers may be used to acquire the correct connector type Communications software When using a PC or WS as the MAT install the proper communications software for the model and establish an interface that facilitates automatic controls No communications software is required when the PC or WS is used in terminal mode The installation of a communications software is recommended however to facilitate operations Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 7 7 NTP 297 8103 903 Checking the Package Contents and Preparation for Setting Installation Transfer Once you have checked the contents of the packages move the ATM Switch to the new installation site Before moving the ATM Switch though make sure the installation area meets the conditions of the installation environment described above In addition when carrying the ATM Switch be sure to support the bottom of the ATM Switch with both hands Figure 7 6 Main Unit Transfer A PRECAUT ON When carrying the main unit be sure to hold the specified positions Hold ing positions other than the specified positions may not only cause
53. 03 Adding Hardware Modifications Adding Hardware Preparation Setting the New ATM Switch 10 26 This section describes the procedures for increasing the number of input output lines by connecting a number of ATM Switch units or an ATM Switch unit with other hardware Although the number of lines accommodated can be increased by connecting a number of ATM Switch units since the ATM Switch is not equipped with an interface dedicated to connections between units the actual number of lines accommodated is the total number of lines less the number of lines between the units Before expanding the ATM Switch connections have the following equipment ready m The additional hardware the ATM Switch or other hardware m Line cards for connecting the hardware not necessary if you plan to use line cards already installed m Cables for connecting the hardware cables meeting the line cards not necessary if you plan to use cables already connected m MAT not necessary if one is already connected to the ATM Switch m RS 232C cross cable for connecting the MAT to the ATM Switch 1 cable not necessary if already connected m Phillips screw driver m Antistatic kit and gloves If the additional hardware is the ATM Switch refer to this manual If the additional hardware is not an ATM Switch refer to the manual on that hardware Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Modifications Adding Hardware
54. 03 FRAMER FRAMER 1 transmission FIFO overflow Diagnosis NG 060003 PLD PLD diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 080004 FRAMER FRMO diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 080104 FRAMER FRM1 diagnosis NG Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 11 9 NTP 297 8103 903 Troubleshooting Procedures Troubleshooting When RCV INS is The RCV INS LED is available for each line to indicate the status of that line Refer Lighted Line to Line Error Definition on page 11 12 for lighting patterns Error When the RCV INS LED indicates an alarm for that line during the operation of the ATM Switch follow the instructions below 1 Connect the MAT to the ATM Switch See Physical Connection of MAT on page 9 3 2 Turn onthe MAT s power and set its communication parameters See Setting the MAT on page 9 6 3 Enter the line interface display command DISPLAY line from the MAT The command should be entered as follows DISPLAY line RETURN 4 Response will be output Determine the error and take the necessary action See Error Messages on page 11 11 5 Disconnect the MAT from the ATM Switch Example of Responses Line Line status Hardware status Loop back 00 GOOD normal local 01 GOOD normal local 02 Loss of Signal failure local 20 AIS Path failure normal 30 Loss of Pointer failure normal 11 10 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Procedures Error Mes
55. 05 4 RR Y CARA RECIPE E d 1 3 Equipment Environment iaces e sesh eel Ee ard ER 1 3 Handling of Main Unit and Cables i cecsccccdviadeseavaes 1 4 m Ax c EC 1 4 What is the Centillion 1200N Switch ee eens 2 1 POSING 468 4 EN EE es EE E NATTEN Ses Rees 2 1 Outside View of the ATM Switch Loses dese das dessin eieni 2 3 Centillion 1200NSample System Configuration 2 4 TBI ATE ooo gd Rar Rok ACA ECC i ORE C 2 5 Whatis a Server CAN occ cdike ice cde eas chadscgecacivee esa EA 2 7 ES Cs ee ee ee ree eee aera a sneer a weer een ere oen 2 8 PR iis 2b Sond amber cane bubo d amet edu dS Ric dad dd 2 10 Nomenclature and Functions 0cccceccceecececes 3 1 Nomenclature of the ATM Switch iios rose s nU ERES 3 1 POODE ON uu surdus dn od db ed oria So dedos UOS dC abiecto deos 3 1 r rrr EPE 3 4 Description and Function of Components 000 3 5 sog PULL edeseb rAdaeuu vedere AVI QE E ER EAS 3 5 LU TL IL osdenodaskuestd dDekrsaiee3 ob Oe E dc a dd 3 7 122 Mops UTPS Line L BHL s presas us eee ee eee ee eee 3 8 DIIS ie A 656s ose ew coin va T EPTRELTET RP 3 9 D53 Line Card and E3 Lie Ca sie i se bichon scene un RR ees 3 10 Power LU uiuabds da dedo ei dene ben cke deeds iucde beacons 3 11 FEN an hh a he dors add dra ded hdd i os 3 12 Slot NUMI S ed 44 eek ee VOCE 3 MCN es Ra PIPER GU 3 13 Libe PRO DOES o d bonds HR oe eeeeeede a E RRSDUPRPEPE RES 3 14 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manu
56. 0N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary TCP Transmission Control Protocol Originally developed by the Department of Defense to support interworking of dissimilar computers across a network A protocol which provides end to end connection oriented reliable transport layer layer 4 functions over IP controlled networks TCP performs the following functions flow control between two systems acknowledgements of packets received and end to end sequencing of packets TCP Test Coordination Procedure A set of rules to coordinate the test process between the lower tester and the upper tester The purpose is to enable the lower tester to control the operation of the upper tester These procedures may or may not be specified in an abstract test suite TCR Tagged Cell Rate An ABR service parameter TCR limits the rate at which a source may send out of rate forward RM cells TCR is a constant fixed at 10 cells second TCS Transmission Convergence Sublayer This is part of the ATM physical layer that defines how cells will be transmitted by the actual physical layer TDF An ABR service parameter TDF controls the decrease in ACR associated with TOF TDF is signaled as TDFF where TDF TDFF RDF times the smallest power of 2 greater or equal to PCR TDF is in units of 1 seconds TDFF Refer to TDF TDFF is either zero or a power of two in the range 1 64 to 1 in units of 1 cells TDM Time Division Multiplexing
57. 10 1 255 default 10 10 T313 1 255 default 4 4 T316 1 511 default 120 120 T317 1 255 default 60 60 T322 1 255 default 4 4 T398 1 255 default 4 4 T399 1 511 default 14 4 UNI Version UNI3 0 0 UNI3 1 1 default 3 0 3 0 For UNI interface port 03 SET atmsig 03 0 Interface network O user 1 0 T303 1 255 default 4 4 T308 1 511 default 30 30 T309 1 511 default 90 90 T310 1 255 default 10 10 T313 1 255 default 4 4 T316 1 511 default 120 120 T317 1 255 default 60 60 T322 1 255 default 4 4 T398 1 255 default 4 4 T399 1 511 default 14 4 UNI Version UNI3 0 0 UNI3 1 1 default 3 0 3 0 li Set UNI 3 0 SET svcline 00 resume SET svcline 03 resume Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Basic Configuration and Setup Setting up LAN Emulation 11 12 For the PNNI interface port 00 set a PNNI connection Use values VPI 0 and VCI 18 SET pnni 00 0 18 Manually register an address of LECS to the switch Upon an ILMI query of the LECS address from a prospective LE client the switch will inform the LECS address registered with this command SET configserver 0 4700790000000000000000000077777777777700 13 14 15 16 LECS ATM address LECS index Up to 4 LECS can be registered Save the configuration data you have just entered SAVE Confirm that SVCLINE mode for connected line interface ports are enabled DISPLAY svcline slot numbe
58. 11 NTP 297 8103 903 Description and Function of Components Nomenclature and Functions Fan Unit 3 12 Fan un amp 1 Fan uni amp y Fan guard 4d T A A m n GG y GY ar E A E yp d d Figure 3 10 Outside View of Fan Unit Finger Guard Protects users from injury Fastening Screws These screws are used to fasten the fan unit to the shell Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Nomenclature and Functions Slot Numbers Slot Numbers Slot numbers for each package of the ATM Switch are shown in Figure 3 11 Power unit MO Pawar uri c1 PERIA cand M13 Line card 3 3 FOCMICIA cand 3803 Line cand Fe Line card 1 Line cand 0 Figure 3 11 Slot Numbers Power Unit Slot When viewed from the front of the ATM Switch slot 0 is to the left and slot 1 is to the right Line Card Slot When viewed from the front of the ATM Switch slot 0 3 are from bottom to top PCMCIA Card Slot When viewed from the front of the ATM Switch slot 0 is at bottom and slot 1 is at top In principle slot 0 is for the ATA card and slot 1 is for the LAN card Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 3 13 NTP 297 8103 903 Line Numbers Nomenclature and Functions Line Numbers Line numbers of the ATM Switch are as shown in Figure 3 12 Figure 3 12 Line Numbers Each line number of the ATM Switch is compos
59. 20 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Modifications Upgrading Software FLASH UP SAVE Mode Load the software from the ATA card mounted in the PCMCIA slot 0 The office data is loaded from the ATA card mounted in the PCMCIA slot 1 After loading the office data is saved to the ATA card mounted in the PCMCIA slot 0 creer IPCCME D ATA cand PORIA ATA cand Figure 10 25 FLASH UP SAVE Mode Procedure 1 Turn off the power of the ATM Switch 2 Insert the new version ATA card in PCMCIA slot 0 and the ATA card containing the office data you wish to continue to use in PCMCIA slot 1 Turn on the power of the ATM Switch and start the boot monitor Set the boot mode as follows BOOT SET boot flash up save 5 End the boot monitor BOOT QUIT Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 10 21 NTP 297 8103 903 Upgrading Software Modifications 10 22 INITIALIZE Mode Load the software from the Ether network server connected via the LAN card mounted in the PCMCIA slot 1 The office data is included in the software in the initial setting status The software and office data are not saved kemar a alae daki ron ihent Figure 10 26 INITIALIZE Mode Procedure 1 Turn off the power of the ATM Switch 2 Insert into PCMCIA slot 1 the LAN card connected to the Ether network 3 Turn on the power of the ATM Switch and start the boot monitor 4 Setthe IP a
60. 297 8103 903 Nortel Networks BroadBand STP Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual SSR3 0 Standard 1 01 September 2000 NORTEL NETWORKS 2000 Nortel All rights reserved Published in Canada NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL The information contained in this document is the property of Nortel Networks Except as specifically authorized in writing by Nortel Networks the holder of this document shall keep the information contained herein confidential shall disclose the information only to its employees with a need to know and shall protect the information in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties with the same degree of care it uses to protect its own confidential information but with no less than reasonable care Except as expressly authorized in writing by Nortel Networks the holder is granted no rights to use the information contained herein Information subject to change without notice Nortel Networks the Nortel Networks logo the Globemark How the World Shares Ideas and Unified Networks are trademarks of Nortel Networks REGULATORY INFORMATION Network Equiipment Building Systems NEBS This product has been tested and found to comply with the criteria of NEBS level 1 2 and 3 FCC Part 15 Requirements In compliance with FCC Part 15 Rules the following statement is provided WARNING This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not ins
61. 3 903 F Glossary FC Feedback Control Feedback controls are defined as the set of actions taken by the network and by the end systems to regulate the traffic submitted on ATM connections according to the state of network elements FCC Federal Communications Commission The federal organization in Washington D C set up by the Communications Act of 1934 It has the authority to regulate all interstate but not intrastate communications originating in the United States The FCC is the U S federal regulatory agency responsible for the regulation of interstate and international communications by radio television wire satellite and cable FCS Frame Check Sequence Any mathematical formula which derives a numeric value based on the bit pattern of a transmitted block of information and uses that value at the receiving end to determine the existence of any transmission errors FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface A 100 Mbps Local Area Network standard that was developed by ANSI that is designed to work on fiber optic cables using techniques similar to token ring FDDI PMD FDDI Physical Medium Dependant This sublayer defines the parameters at the lowest level such as speed of bits on the media The half of BISDN Layer 1 FEBE Far End Block Error A maintenance signal transmitted in the PHY overhead that a bit error s has been detected at the PHY layer at the far end of the link This is used to monitor bit error perfor
62. 48 S eee 2 PENES 9 9 Backing up Configuration Data 5c oss tims he ecendsduaseeds 9 10 Cosmeto Check MC rrm 9 11 Checking Cables and Connectors ool esos er n 9 11 Checking wiih MAT oashs era dus EUR RR E DRE RE RT ES 9 11 d rc 9 12 MOodiicallans 0225s e kk hr EE ERRARE ROI KEReR ERR ha 10 1 Moving the Eguprieli ousise akon 4E RRERRRAEua a RR edsr kit iii 10 1 General Precautions on Handling Packages 10 3 Power Una Installation jaye dtl uegee edi Gove eed EVA eS a TASA 10 4 buserting die Power Lb ossis wesswde eres bie RTI TENE 10 4 Removing the Power DB udi esqdaa 9 Er RESI ER ukta tiiti 10 6 Swucb CPU Card Installation 42224 cecctesta rrr 10 7 Inserting the SOHO PE Ldloaidussdsduati ter e4 3k x hn 10 7 Removing the Switch CPU Card iiioassi4s amets rh RR RES 10 8 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual iii Table of Contents BoienldBu rgo mcr 10 9 Benno a LU Lal LasscuseseusesdeQbest iesb6s vs dL 10 9 RemovinsaLine d oss epo Ses ex we E PT ESERE RES 10 11 Dustalling the From Piae s oouas e 3 4E REY EYXAES E 10 12 Removing the Front PitG sca scecds cares a deeasteadeea nd 10 12 Mistalling th Pan Umt oii ade do do E A edri iar Id eee RS 10 13 I ser ne he Pun Vc bb ese queo SUIS e e d ae t 10 13 Rennes tbe Fan LOL osi ed s da Sede EE Er UE Ee d ans 10 14 Installing the Pawel iocus oi4s RES i ween es ot oewe seis 10 15 Installing the Front Covers i o 442449 s
63. 97 8103 903 Glossary T SVPC Switched Virtual Path Connection A Switched Virtual Path Connection is one which is established and taken down dynamically through control signaling A Virtual Path Connection VPC is an ATM connection where switching is performed on the VPI field only of each cell Switched Connection A connection established via signaling Switching System A set of one or more systems that act together and appear as a single switch for the purposes of PNNI routing Symmetric Connection A connection with the same bandwidth value specified for both directions T TA Terminal Adapter Allows existing non ISDN terminals to operate on ISDN lines It provides conversion between a non ISDN terminal device and the ISDN user network interfaced TAXI Transparent Asynchronous Transmitter Receiver Interface 100 Mbps ATM physical interface specification based on the FDDI PHY Telnet A program that lets you connect to other computers on the Internet The process by which a person using one computer can sign of to a computer in another city state or country Telnet is the terminal remote host protocol developed for ARPAnet Using Telnet you can work from PC as if it were a terminal attached to anther machine by a hard wired line T1E1 An ANSI standards sub committee dealing with Network Interfaces T1M1 An ANSI standards sub committee dealing with Inter Network Operations Administration and Maintenance Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User
64. An ABR service parameter in cells sec that is the rate at which a source should send initially and after an idle period IDU Interface Data Unit The unit of information transferred to from the upper layer in a single interaction across the SAP Each IDU contains interface control information and may also contain the whole or part of the SDU IEC International Electrotechnical Commission Founded in 1906 this world organization prepares and publishes internation standards for all elictrical electronic and related technologies The IEC was founded as a result of a resolution passed at the International Electrical Congress held in St Louis USA in 1904 The membership consists of more than 50 participating companies including all the world s major trading nations and a growing number of industrializing countries Inter exchange Carrier A long distance telephone company IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers A worldwide engineering publishing and standards making body for the electronics industry IEEE 802 3 A Local Area Network protocol suite commonly known as Ethernet Ethernet has either a 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps throughput and uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access bus with Collision Detection CSMA CD This method allows users to share the network cable However only one station can use the cable at a time A variety of physical medium dependent protocols are supported 1 International Electrotechnical
65. C3 Loss of Pointer INS off RCV on OC3 Loss of Cell Delineation INS off RCV on OC3 Yellow Section INS flashing RCV off OCS3 Yellow Path INS flashing RCV off TAXI Loss of Signal INS off RCV on TAXI Loss of Cell Delineation INS off RCV on 6 3M Loss of Signal INS off RCV on 6 3M Alarm Indication Signal INS off RCV on 6 3M Loss of Frame INS off RCV on 6 3M Payload All One INS off RCV on 6 3M Loss of Cell Delineation INS off RCV on 6 3M Remote Alarm Indication INS flashing RCV off DS3 E3 Loss of Signal INS off RCV on DS3 E3 Loss of Frame INS off RCV on DS3 E3 Out of Frame INS off RCV on DS3 E3 Alarm Indication Signal INS off RCV on DS3 E3 IDLE INS off RCV on DS3 E3 Loss of Cell Delineation INS off RCV on DS3 E3 Yellow Alarm INS flashing RCV off DS3 E3 PLCP_LOF INS off RCV on DS3 E3 PLCP_OOF INS off RCV on DS3 E3 PLCP_ Yellow INS flashing RCV off Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Specifications and Standards Specifications The Centillion 1200N is a 2 5 Gbps Switch Switch Switch Configuration m Input output buffer type Switch Capacity m 2 5 Gbps 622 Mbps x 4 155 Mbps x 16 Buffer m Input buffer 32K cells line card m Output buffer 32K cells line card Cell Delay m 40usec excluding cell delay upon cell competition in the buffer Control System Control Processor m Built in 64 bit RISC processor VR4300 100 MHz VPI VCI Bits m VPI VCI total of 14 bits line Centill
66. Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary P PNNI Routing Hierarchy The hierarchy of peer groups used for PNNI routing PNNI Topology State Packet A type of PNNI Routing packet that is used for flooding PTSEs among logical nodes within a peer group POH Path Overhead A maintenance channel transmitted in the SONET overhead following the path from the beginning multiplexer to the ending demultiplexer This is not implemented in SONET Lite Point to Multipoint Connection A Point to Multipoint Connection is a collection of associated ATM VC or VP links with associated endpoint nodes with the following properties e One ATM link called the Root Link serves as the root in a simple tree topology When the Root Node sends information all of the remaining nodes on the connection called Leaf Nodes receive copies of the information e Each of the Leaf Nodes on the connection can send information directly to the Root Node The Root Node cannot distinguish which Leaf is sending information without additional higher layer information See note below for User Network Interface UNI 4 0 support e The Leaf Nodes cannot communicate directly to each other with this connection type Note UNI 4 0 does not support traffic sent from a Leaf to the Root Point to Point Connection A connection with only two endpoints Port Identifier The identifier assigned by a logical node to represent the point of attachment
67. Commission Home Page 3 January 2000 http www iec ch gnote 1 e htm Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 33 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B 34 IEEE 802 5 A Local Area Network protocol suite commonly known as Token Ring A standard originated by IBM for a token passing ring network that can be configured in a star topology Versions supported are 4 Mbps and 16 Mbps IEEE 802 6 A Metropolitan Area Network MAN standard using DQDN Dual Bus Distributed Queue technology Provides up to 45 Mbit s data rate on each bus today and may provide up to 150 Mbit son each bus in the future for distances up to about 100 km Popular in some parts of Australia and Europe IETF Internet Engineering Task Force The organization that provides the coordination of standards and specification development for TCP IP networking IISP Interim Inter Switch Protocol A call routing scheme used in STM networks Formerly known as PNNI Phase 0 IISP is an interim technology meant to be used pending completion of ONNI Phase 1 IISP uses static routing tables established by the network administrator to route connections around link failures ILMI Interim Link Management Interface An ATM Forum defined interim specification for network management functions between an end user and a public or private network and between a public network and a private network This is based on a limited subset of SNMP capabilities Induced Uplink An upli
68. D Padding LLC DSAP UU User to User Indication CPI Common Part Indicator CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check NE Canea 771 TTS De p Ic ue Do teste fae LANE header addr ess address Length Pay oad AAL5 CPCS PDU payload PAD oPcs UU CP Length CRC 32 Figure 2 7 LAN Emulation Frame Format 2 8 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 What is the Centillion 1200N Switch LAN Emulation The server card provides the three server functions below to realize LAN emulation m LES LAN Emulation Server LES provides the ARP Address Resolution Protocol function for solving an ATM address from a MAC address There is one LES for each ELAN Emulated LAN m LECS LAN Emulation Configuration Server LECS manages LAN emulation configuration and provides LES addresses It assigns a LEC LAN Emulation Client client that is a member of LAN emulation to a certain ELAN There is one LECS for each management domain m BUS Broadcast and Unknown Server BUS provides broadcast and multicast functions and solves unknown destination addresses There is one BUS for each ELAN Emulated LAN Figure 2 8 is a sample system configuration using the ATM Switch series switching system and the server card LAN Emulation Server Centillion ATTA Bridge Ethamat Figure 2 8 Sample System Configuration In the sample system configuration Figure 2 8 such existing LANs as Ethernet and FDDI are connected to t
69. Emulation header indicates the ID of the ATM host or ATM LAN bridge Itis unique for every ATM Client LECS LAN Emulation Configuration Server This implements the policy controlled assignment of individual LE clients to different emulated LANs by providing the LES ATM addresses LED Light Emitting Diode A semiconductor diode that emits light when a current passes through it LEDs are often used for alarm and power indication lights on equipment 1 Microsoft Computer Dictionary Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 39 NTP 297 8103 903 L Glossary LES LAN Emulation Server This implements the control coordination function for the Emulated LAN examples are enabling a LEC to join an ELAN resolving MAC to ATM addresses LGN Logical Group Node LGN is a single node that represents the lowest level peer groups in the respective higher level peer group LIJP Leaf Initiated Joint Parameter Root screening options and Information Element IE instructions carried in SETUP message Line Card A plug in electronic printed circuit PC card that operates lamps ringing holding and other features one or several telephone lines or telephones in a telephone system LINF Line Interface Link An entity that defines a topological relationship including available transport capacity between two nodes in different subnetworks Multiple links may exist between a pair of subnetworks Synonymous with logical link Link Aggregation Toke
70. Esc key on the MAT console The 8550 will enter the boot program 5 At the BOOT prompt type the following SET boot flash_up_save 6 At the BOOT prompt type the following exit Data from slot 1 will be copied to the card in slot 0 Recommended monthly Since alarm status is checked directly from the MAT or NMS on as as needed basis a cosmetic check of the ATM Switch is simply performed as routine periodic maintenance m Is the ALARM LED lighted m Is there irregular noise m Is there warp etc in the shell E Is there a missing screw Recommended every six months m Is there a disconnected cable or a loose connector m Is there an excessive bend in a cable m Isa front plate installed on every open slot Checking with Recommended every six months MAT 1 Check alarm status from a MAT using the DISPLAY alarm command 2 Perform system diagnosis from a MAT using the DIAGNOSIS command Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 9 11 Periodic Maintenance Maintenance and Operations Cleaning Wipe the main unit with dry cloth Do not allow water drops in the main unit Do not let the cleaning cloth catch on a connector while cleaning Do not use chemically treated cloths as they may harm the paint Do not place any foreign objects in the main unit Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Modifications This chapter describes the procedures for moving the ATM Switch to an
71. Hardware Specifications Hardware Configuration and Overview of Functions Line Cards A line card is composed of a line interface unit and a line buffer Basically the line interface unit physically terminates the lines The line interface unit takes ATM cells from the ATM line signals and sends the cells to the line buffer In addition the line interface unit inserts the ATM cells from the line buffer into the ATM line signals and sends the cells to the opposing hardware In addition the line interface unit multiplexes and demultiplexes the ATM cells from a number of lines The principal functions performed by the line interface unit are as follows m Conversion of electric signals and optical signals and detection of optical reception signal disconnection m Serial parallel conversion m Encode decode or termination of each line frame m Cellalignment and clock change adjusts cell speed to line speed The line buffer converts into address number the data housed in the header of the ATM cell received from the line interface unit and sends the cell to the ATM switch At the same time the line buffer unit is equipped with an input buffer IXB that stores ATM cells according to the BP back pressure from the switch engine Furthermore the line buffer converts the address number in the header of the ATM cell received from the ATM switch into data used by the opposing hardware and sends the cell to the line terminating block The line buf
72. IP address 133 205 8 1 IP address 133 205 8 xx 8 10 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Basic Configuration and Setup Setting up LAN Emulation Use the following steps to set up shaded area of the diagram All data in this section including addresses are examples 1 Connect cables as in the diagram above and power on all the equipment 2 Adjust the clock mode of the switch 2 to SLAVE The LES is set to provide a MASTER clock 3 Check the switch s local information DISPLAY network 4 Set the line interface card parameters ILMI parameters and ATM signaling parameters For both PNNI interface port 00 and UNI interface port 03 If connections such as an ILMI signaling or PNNI exist for that port those must be deleted before line interface parameters can be changed DEL signaling 00 0 DEL ilmi 00 0 DEL signaling 03 0 DEL ilmi 03 0 5 Set the line interface parameters for PNNI interface port 00 SET interface 00 Interface pri uni O pri nni l pub_uni 2 1 Forum ITU forum O itu 1 0 IDLE Cell unassigned 0 idle 1 0 Valid VPI 0 8 bit 6 based on interface type Valid VCI 0 8 bit 8 based on interface type Line Interface 00 has been registered 6 Set the line interface parameters for UNI interface port 03 SET interface 03 Interface pri uni O pri nni l1 pub uni 2 0 Forum ITU forum O itu 1 0 IDLE Cell unassigned 0 idle 1 0 Valid VPI 0 8 bit 0
73. MIP Common Management Interface Protocol An ITU TSS standard for the message formats and procedures used to exchange management information in order to operate administer maintain and provision a network CMR Cell Misinsertion Rate The ratio of cells received at an endpoint that were not originally transmitted by the source end in relation to the total number of cells properly transmitted CNR Complex Node Representation A collection of nodal state parameters that provide detailed state information associated with a logical node COD Connection Oriented Data Data requiring sequential delivery of its component PDUs to assure correct functioning of its supported application e g voice or video COM Continuation of Message An indicator used by the ATM Adaptation Layer to indicate that a particular ATM cell is a continuation of a higher layer information packet which has been segmented Common Peer Group The lowest level peer group in which a set of nodes is represented A node is represented in a peer group either directly or through one of its ancestors Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 17 NTP 297 8103 903 C Glossary Communication endpoint An object associated with a set of attributes which are specified at the communication creation time Concatenation Joining several fibers together end to end Configuration The phase in which the LE Client discovers the LE Service Connection An ATM connection
74. PU card The RS 232C cable may be inserted or removed whether or not power is supplied to the ATM Switch Figure 9 6 Example of the ATM Switch MAT Connection Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 9 5 NTP 297 8103 903 MAT and NMS Maintenance and Operations Communications Software A dumb terminal may be used as MAT but when using a personal computer or workstation as MAT it is recommended that you use communication software compatible to the hardware model you are using Setting the MAT Turn on the power switch of the MAT Set the communications parameters of the MAT as follows For instructions on setting the parameters refer to the manual on the installed communications software m Line rate 9600 Bps m Character bit length 8 bits m Stop bit length 1 bit m Parity None m Flow control Yes MAT Screen Display MAT s standard screen size is a text screen of 80 x 24 lines All the commands entered by the user and the responses to the commands are scroll displayed on the same screen In the event the screen size of the commands and responses combined exceeds 24 lines the screen will stop to scroll Scroll can be resumed by pressing any key except Q The number of lines displayed on the screen can be changed by using the SET scroll command Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Maintenance and Operations NMS NMS The ATM Switch may be operated and managed from
75. SB Justification service bits BTAJ Bits from tributaire available for justification Figure 6 9 G 751 E3 Frame Format 1 1 53 octets First ATM Cell ATM Cell ATM Cell ATM Cell ATM Cell ATM Cell ATM Cell ATM Cell 18 17 to 20 21 octets Last ATM Cell 1250s gt BRRRRIRISIS S DO n5 PPO PS PO TPO 5 PO Ulu U UU ge jjo A N A oo NO TININ em SS eS ENDS A1 A2 C1 A1 A2 framing octets PO P8 path overhead idenfier octet C1 Cycle stuff counter M1 M2 DQDB layer management information octets G1 PLCP path status B1 Bit Interleaved Parity 8 BIP 8 F1 PLCP path user channel Z1 Z8 growth octets Figure 6 10 G 832 G 751 E3 PLCP Frame Format Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 6 9 NTP 297 8103 903 Line Interface Hardware Interface UNI NNI MSB LSB MSB LSB GFC 4 VPI 4 VPI 8 E VPI 4 VCI 4 VPI 4 VCI 4 5 VCI 8 CLP VCI 8 CLP 2 ivewn regne voa PTT ANI Network Network Interface 2 y HEC 8 HEC 8 a 2A GFC Generic Flow Control E VPI Virtual Path Identifier 3 User Information User Information VCI Virtual Channel Identifier El PT Payload Type YAN CLP Cell Loss Priority HEC Header Error Control GFC VPI VCI PT CLP use 0 0 0 X 0 unassig
76. STM 1 UTP 5 a RJ connector 4 lines card m 155M STS 3 STM 1 COAX a BNC connector 2 lines card m 100M TAXI MMF a SC connector 4 lines card m 6 3M J2 a BNC connector line card m 45M DS3 a BNC connector 2 lines card m 34M E3 a BNC connector 2 lines card m 1 5M Primary a RJ connector 1 line card m 1 5M DS1 a RJ connector 4 lines card m 2MEI a RJ connector 4 lines card m 1 5M CE DS1 a RJ connector 4 lines card Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual A 3 NTP 297 8103 903 Specifications Specifications and Standards Server Mounting m LANE ARP External Dimensions width x depth x height m 17 3 in 440 mm x 16 1 in 410 mm x 6 1 in 154 mm including rubber footing m Can be mounted on a standard 19 inch rack Weight m 44 2 lb 20 Kg Power Supply m Input DC 40 to 58V Power Consumption m Maximum 6 0A DC 48V Operating Noise m Less than 50dB Cooling Method m Forced air cooling Environmental Conditions m Operating temperature 41 104 F 5 40 C m Operating humidity 10 8096 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Specifications and Standards Standards Operational Standards Operational Safety Standards FCC Part15 Class A UL1950 United States CSA C22 2 No 950 Canada EN60950 Europe AS3260 AUSTEL TS001 Australia United States EN55022 Class A and B Europe VCCI Type 1 EN61000 2 ESD
77. URN After entering the command make sure only the prompt is displayed on the MAT screen A response is displayed only when an error has been detected Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Installation Setting System Configuration Data Line Interface Test Test the line interface of the line cards installed in the ATM Switch by entering a command from the MAT 1 Enter the command for performing the line operation test The command should be entered as follows DISPLAY line RETURN After entering the command response of the lines for which line cards are installed is displayed Make sure that GOOD is the response for all lines for which line cards are installed No response is displayed for a line for which no line card is installed This completes the operation test The ATM Switch can now be used properly Follow the instructions below when using the equipment in a country or region where it must conform to EMI VCCI Type 1 FCC Class A or EN55022 Class A m Coaxial cable As shown in the illustration below install a ferrite core near the connector so the cable makes a loop Connector cabin Ferie core Figure 7 14 Ferrite Core Installation m RS 232C cable Q Usea metal connector a Usea shielded cable Q Securely fasten the metal connector to the main unit Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 7 19 NTP 297 8103 903 Setting System Configuration Da
78. VPIs of the line These pieces of information are stored in a database called a Management Information Base MIB Information stored in the MIB can be set and read from a MAT The NMS uses Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP to access the MIB of each device in the network and centrally manage faults and configuration data of the devices Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Hardware Interface This chapter describes the line interfaces that the ATM Switch supports UNI and NNI As illustrated in Figure 6 1 there are two types of interfaces in an ATM network One is the User Network Interface UNI that connects an end system a router for example to an ATM switch The other is the Network Node Interface NNI that connects two ATM switches These interfaces are further classified into public network interface and private network interface depending on the type of the network they are connected to The ATM Switch provides various line cards to accommodate these interfaces entillion Centillion _ Pi 1 Centillion Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Figure 6 1 ATM Network Interface Line Interface Hardware Interface Line Interface Provided below is an outline of the line interface specifications of the ATM Switch SONET OC 12 SDH STM 4 Frame Format
79. VPL Virtual Path Link A means of unidirectional transport of ATM cells between the point where a VPI value is assigned and the point where that value is translated or removed VPT Virtual Path Terminator A system that unbundles the VCS of a VP for independent processing of each VC VS Virtual Scheduling Virtual Scheduling is a method to determine the conformance of an arriving cell The virtual scheduling algorithm updates a Theoretical Arrival Time TAT which is the nominal arrival time of the cell assuming that the active source sends equally spaced cells If the actual arrival time of a cell is not too early relative to the TAT then the cell is conforming Otherwise the cell is non conforming VS Virtual Source Refer to VS VD VS VD Virtual Source Virtual Destination An ABR connection may be divided into two or more separately controlled ABR segments Each ABR control segment except the first is sourced by a virtual source A virtual source implements the behavior of an ABR source endpoint Backwards RM cells received by a virtual source are removed from the connection Each ABR control segment except the last is terminated by a virtual destination A virtual destination assumes the behavior of an ABR destination endpoint Forward RM cells received by a virtual destination are turned around and not forwarded to the next segment of the connection WAN Wide Area Network A network which spans a large geographic a
80. Valid VCI 0 8 bit 10 Line Interface 03 has been registered If a line interface port is connected to an ATM NIC verify that the Valid VPI and Valid VCI values are 0 and 10 respectively The ATM NIC in this example only supports VPI 0 and VCI up to 1023 If the NIC attached to the line interface port carries Management Information Base MIB information ILMI can automatically obtain these valid VPI and VCI parameters otherwise they must be set manually 7 For UNI interface port 03 connected to the ATM NIC set ILMI timing parameters ILMI uses VPI VCI 0 16 SET ilmi 03 0 16 5 60 20 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 8 11 NTP 297 8103 903 Setting up LAN Emulation Basic Configuration and Setup 10 Adjust ILMI timing parameters This is specific to a connection to an ATM NIC Use the following values Timer value 5 Times of retry 60 default and Keepalive 20 Before svcline can be turned on you must SET signaling 00 0 5 Re set the signaling connection deleted previously A signaling connection is set with VPI VCI 0 5 SET signaling 03 0 5 When connecting two switches together one has to be set to Network side and another set to User side In this example 8550 LES is set to Network side therefore 8550 must be set to User side For PNNI interface port 00 SET atmsig 00 0 Interface network 0 user 1 1 T303 1 255 default 4 4 T308 1 511 default 30 30 T309 1 511 default 90 90 T3
81. a failure but may cause the ATM Switch to fall and result in bodily injury 7 8 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Installation Mounting of Switch on Chassis Mounting of Switch on Chassis This section explains how to mount the ATM Switch on the chassis The ATM Switch chassis is optional Refer to the preceding section on Installation Environmental Conditions for the space necessary for chassis installation Recommended Chassis Figure 7 7 Recommended Chassis From the left m E176 JEB SPL Chassis depth 23 7 in 600 mm m E178 JEB SPL Chassis depth 31 5 in 800 mm m E116 JEB SPL Chassis depth 23 7 in 600 mm m E118 JEB SPL Chassis depth 31 5 in 800 mm Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 7 9 NTP 297 8103 903 Mounting of Switch on Chassis Installation Installing the 1 Install chassis brackets on the left and right sides of the ATM Switch The Chassis Brackets chassis brackets are designed to be installed on a 19 inch chassis whose depth is either 23 7 inches 600 mm or 31 5 inches 800 mm depending on which chassis is used 2 Securely fasten the chassis brackets to the main unit with two screws on the left and right Figure 7 8 Chassis Bracket Installation Installing the Mount the shelf then securely affix to the chassis at the two locations in the front Shelf Figure 7 9 Shelf Installation 7 10 Centillion 1200N ATM
82. a signal as it passes through most media Usually proportional to distance attenuation is sometimes the factor that limits the distance a signal may be transmitted through a media before it can no longer be received AUSTEL Australian Telecommunications Authority This organization is responsible for regulating telecommunications and radio communications including promoting industry self regulation and managing the rediofrequency spectrum It also has significant consumer protection responsibilities Autonomous Not subject to the rule or authority of another BBC Broadband Bearer Capability A bearer class field that is part of the initial address message BCD Binary Coded Decimal A form of coding of each octet within a cell where each bit has one of two allowable states 1 or 0 BCI Broadcast Channel Identifier BCOB Broadband Connection Oriented Bearer Information in the SETUP message that indicates the type of service requested by the calling user 1 ACA Home Page 7 January 2000 http www aca gov au authority aca htm Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 9 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary BCOB A Bearer Class A Indicated by ATM end user in SETUP message for connection oriented constant bit rate service The network may perform internetworking based on AAL information element IE BCOB C Bearer Class C Indicated by ATM end user in SETUP message for connection oriented variable bit rate
83. able disconnected when equipment is not in use DISCONNECT BOTH POWER SUPPLY CORDS BEFORE SERVICING Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 1 1 NTP 297 8103 903 Safety Measures Precautions on Handling the Product Safety Measures Power Supply Installation For safety be sure to use a three pin outlet for power supply with a grounding receptacle Lack of grounding may cause electric shock To prevent electric shock do not touch the equipment with wet hands when it is connected to a power supply Do not plug the power cable of this equipment into an outlet with excess load Putting excess load on one outlet may cause the outlet to overheat and start a fire Do not place a heater near the power cable place a heavy object on the power cable or forcefully pull the power cable Doing so may cause damage to the power cable and cause electric shock or fire Place the equipment indoors Place the equipment where the temperature is 41 to 104 F 5 to 40 C and humidity is 10 to 8096 without condensation Q Condensation happens when moisture in the air attaches to the surface of metallic panels etc and turn into water drops Condensation may occur inside the equipment when the temperature inside the equipment is low and the room temperature is high Note that condensation may cause the equipment to fail To prevent electric shock or a failure do not place the equipment where it is susceptible to such liquids as wate
84. al NTP 297 8103 903 Table of Contents Hardware Specifications eere 4 1 Principal Functions of the ATM Switch 200 4 Flow OF ATM Cells oso euch os o5555095 054 vs EP ISESTES NAE E 4 2 Hardware Configuration and Overview of Functions 4 3 Ling COS vance eck stredet aerbar d ARadbt ha beds bdd 4 5 I cc 0 0 go MERECE 4 8 DUOC LB coa bed 4x t os iemus tao V ede bee dd as tcd 4 9 Software Specifications sues bac ke rare ae RACE RR RR RR 5 1 Connection Management o4c cess6es ee re SE ess 6s RE TRAE 5 1 SADE CONTO PETIT rrr 5 3 np 5 4 ILMI PUCO o3 LEER ECHO OE C RII ERREUR HE d d 5 4 PNINI PRAGUDUS C sad p SS y REELERERERUATATERTIATERCC RE ZA 5 5 Traine Managements aaa pops bod iet n ERA ERNI ERNE 5 6 Call Admission Control CAC 0 0 eee eee 5 6 Usage Parameter Control UPC o 0cess pev o ee yr Y ees 5 6 Ree og op kth sans ewes obese hws Fae ese ks 5 7 Pity COMIC a aesecatesuo sad 9 PR FAR EERGRGA HE E ER ERE oes 5 7 SUME LOS 214 Hr nda E er ed Id HO dade deemed 5 7 MONHOrINE ois sche seeee ope TEILE PEE CS bea ees eek TEN E 5 8 Hardware Managemen 45 2268 cakes igor RROSRERS REA A PS FREE 5 8 Hardware Interface casuesesus usasurd rh Rd i eR dolos 6 1 LNLSng NT o pacco pede uae S odd ois Lue 6d adriped d ces 6 1 Linse TA inoss ess kRa UP RP A EROS Shakes PEPACRSEZ TERCERO 6 2 lc P T 7 1 inet COHOUONE 2d oss cavo pe don
85. al open system in which the Implementation Under Test IUT resides SVC Switched Virtual Circuit A connection established via signaling The user defines the endpoints when the call is initiated SVCC Switched Virtual Channel Connection A Switched VCC is one which is established and taken down dynamically through control signaling A Virtual Channel Connection VCC is an ATM connection where switching is performed on the VPI VCI fields of each cell SVE SAP Vector Element The SAP address may be expressed as a vector ATM_addr ATM_ selector BLLI_id2 BLLI_id3 BHLI_id where e ATM_addr corresponds to the 19 most significant octets of a device s 20 octet ATM address private ATM address structure or the entire E 164 address E 164 address structure e ATM_selector corresponds to the least significant octet of a device s 20 octet ATM address private ATM address structure only e BLLI_id2 corresponds to an octet in the Q 2931 BLLI information element that identifies a layer 2 protocol BLLI_id3 corresponds to a set of octets in the Q 2931 BLLI information element that identify a layer 3 protocol e BHLI idcorresponds to a set of octets in the Q 2931 BHLI information element that identify an application or session layer protocol of an application Each element of the SAP vector is called a SAP Vector Element or SVE Each SVE consists of a tag length and value field B 74 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 2
86. ance of the labels is as shown below N RTEL C1200N NETWORKS SPEC No NR 576571 000 DATE MFG No ISSUE INPUT 100 120 200 240V INPUT 48V DC Sea USE AC 2X2 7A 1 1A USE DC 2XG6A POWER UNIT 50 680Hz POWER UNIT cue LISTED LTE 2500 E143313 This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 This device may mot cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation El C f COMPLIES WITH EN55022 CLASS B Regulatory Information for Analog Telephone The equipment uses the following USOC jacks RJ45 If the equipment causes harm to the telephone network the telephone company will notify you in advance that temporary discontinuance of service may be required If advance notice is not practical the telephone company will notify the customer as soon as possible Also you will be advised of your right to file a complaint with the FCC if you believe it is necessary The telephone company may make changes in its facilities equipment operations or procedures that affect the operation of the equipment If this happens the telephone company will provide advance notice in order for you to make necessary modifications in order to maintain uninterrupted service If trouble is experienced with this equipment please contact NEC America Inc s Nationa
87. andards group that defines how to compress still pictures L LAN Local Area Network A short distance data communications network typically within a building or campus used to link together computers and peripheral devices such as printers under some form of standard control Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 37 NTP 297 8103 903 L Glossary LANE LAN Emulation The set of services functional groups and protocols which provide for the emulation of LANs utilizing ATM as a backbone to allow connectivity among LAN and ATM attached end stations LAPD Link Access Procedure D A layer 2 protocol defined by CCITT original name of ITU T This protocol reliably transfers blocks of information across a single Layer link and supports multiplexing of different connections at Layer 2 Layer Entity An active element within a layer Layer Function A part of the activity of the layer entities Layer Service A capability of a layer and the layers beneath it that is provided to the upper layer entities at the boundary between that layer and the next higher layer Layer User Data Data transferred between corresponding entities on behalf of the upper layer or layer management entities for which they are providing services LB Leaky Bucket Leaky Bucket is the term used as an analogous description of the algorithm used for conformance checking of cell flows from a user or network See GCRA UPC and NPC The leaking hole in the bucket applies
88. arity error Path Alarm 030103 BF BF1 parity error Path Alarm 040001 ES ESO Up side sync error Path Alarm 040002 ES ESO Down side sync error Path Alarm 040004 ES ESO port A FIFO overflow Path Alarm 040006 ES ESO port B FIFO overflow Path Alarm 040101 ES ES1 Up side sync error Path Alarm 040102 ES ES1 Down side sync error Path Alarm 040104 ES ES1 port A FIFO overflow Path Alarm 040106 ES ES1 port B FIFO overflow Path Alarm 060004 D I Header conversion table parity error Diagnosis NG 040007 ES ESO diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 040107 ES ES1 diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 020004 SC SC diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 030004 BF BF diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 060010 D I DI diagnosis NG 11 6 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Procedures Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Alarm Error Number Line Buffer Alarm Type Number Part Nature of Error Control Alarm 000001 BUFF Illegal interruption Path Alarm 040001 BUFF Received cell parity error Control Alarm 040007 BUFF Illegal cell transmission error Path Alarm 050001 BUFF HT SGRAM test error Path Alarm 050002 BUFF RIRO SGRAM test error Path Alarm 050003 BUFF RIRO SRAM test error Diagnosis NG 040008 IBC IBC diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 040009 IBC IBC RIRO SGRAM diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 040010 IBC IBC HT SGRAM diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 040011 IBC IBC RIRO SRAM diagn
89. ation SRT Source Routing Transparent An IETF Bridging Standard combining Transparent Bridging and Source Route Bridging SRTS Synchronous residual Time Stamp A clock recovery technique in which difference signals between source timing and a network reference timing signal are transmitted to allow reconstruction of the source timing at the destination SSCF Service Specific Coordination Function SSCF is a function defined in Q 2130 B ISDN Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer Service Specific Coordination Function for Support of Signaling at the User to Network Interface SSCOP Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol An adaptation layer protocol defined in ITU T Specification Q 2110 SSCS Service Specific Convergence Sublayer The portion of the convergence sublayer that is dependent upon the type of traffic that is being converted SSO Switch Specific Overhead Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 71 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B 72 SS7 Signal System Number 7 A family of signaling protocols originating from narrowband telephony They are used to set up manage and tear down connections as well as to exchange non connection associated information Refer to BISUP MTP SCCP and TCAP STC System Time Clock The master clock in an MPEG 2 encoder or decoder system STE Spanning Tree Explorer A Source Route Bridging frame which uses the Spanning Tree algorithm in determining a route STE
90. ation In addition this feature makes it possible to distribute the traffic that had concentrated in the server with conventional networks Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 2 7 NTP 297 8103 903 LAN Emulation What is the Centillion 1200N Switch LAN Emulation LAN emulation refers to the technology of using the existing infrastructure of a LAN and connecting the LAN to an ATM network on a bridge level to emulate the connection The specification of LAN emulation has been standardized by the ATM Forum in its LAN Emulation Over ATM Specification Version 1 0 LAN emulation allows existing LAN terminals to reciprocally communicate with ATM terminals and make it possible to construct a virtual LAN that is free of physical restraints Figure 2 6 and Figure 2 7 show the LAN emulation protocol stack between an ATM terminal and an existing LAN terminal and its frame format when IP protocol is used as the network layer ATM Terminal Existing Terminal LAN Emulation LLC i LAN Emulation MAC ATM ATM ATM PHY PHY PHY PHY ATM ATM Existing LAN Figure 2 6 LAN Emulation Protocol Stack IP SNAP Subnetwork Access Protocol OUI Organizationally Unique Identifier PDU Protocol Data Unit LLC Logical Link Control SNAP DSAP Destination Service Access Point SSAP Source Service Access Point CPCS Common Part Convergence Sublayer PA
91. ay check for an error and corrects the contents of the header The check character is calculated using a CRC algorithm allowing a single bit error in the header to be corrected or multiple errors to be detected Hello Packet A type of PNNI Routing packet that is exchanged between neighboring logical nodes Hierarchically Complete Source Route A stack of DTLs representing a route across a PNNI routing domain such that a DTL is included for each hierarchical level between and including the current level and the lowest visible level in which the source and destination are reachable Hop by Hop Route A route that is created by having each switch along the path use its own routing knowledge to determine the next hop of the route with the expectation that all switches will choose consistent hops such that the call will reach the desired destination PNNI does not use hop by hop routing Horizontal Link A link between two logical nodes that belong to the same peer group IASG Internetwork Address Sub Group A range of internetwork layer addresses summarized in an internetwork layer routing protocol Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary ICD International Code Designator This identifies an international organization The registration authority for the International Code Designator is maintained by the British Standards Institute The length of this field is two octets ICR Initial Cell Rate
92. cations Removing the 1 Remove the front cover from the front of the main unit Fan Unit 2 Remove the screw on the top of the front plate of the fan unit Securely hold the fan unit with both hands as shown in Figure 10 17 and remove it straight out of the slot Figure 10 17 Removing the Fan Unit A PRECAUTION The fan unit can be inserted or removed while the main unit is in operation However avoid running the main unit for an extended period of time with out the fan unit This may cause malfunction or failure A fan unit that is removed when the main unit is in operation will continue to rotate for a while Be sure to keep fingers and foreign objects out of the finger guard 10 14 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Modifications Installing the Front Cover Installing the Front Cover This section explains the procedure for installing the front cover Installing the 1 The front cover fit on the front of the main unit Front Cover Figure 10 18 Installing the Front Cover 2 Tighten the six screws of the front cover to securely fasten the front cover to the main unit Removing the 1 Remove the six screws of the front cover Front Cover 2 Remove the front cover slowly Figure 10 19 Removing the Front Cover Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 10 15 NTP 297 8103 903 Upgrading Software Modifications Upgrading Software This se
93. cenes Rd REIR ERE 10 15 Removing Ins Front Cover Live a peRceRR XE ERE ER Ahh 10 15 Upgrading BODIE La sa auae Eddadr kan ipEXueR RR REX ARD Ad 10 16 Inserting PCMCIA Cards cos 55 o seen gerseee se Ssees shee 10 16 ligo 6 ig es ha TT 10 18 Addins Line LUIS Loo 620586644 60684G8408000505 ERAR 48s 10 25 Prep UO dud d dd dS aed EI dnce ed I e EP RN 10 25 Hardware With cos ors 662Gb 40s bod S69 irtir reiii pnie 10 25 Setting the ATM Switch and MAT 10 25 Hardware Check of the Additional Line Card 10 25 Setting System Configuration Data iocis a s 10 25 FD rl cr PEE 10 26 Preparati codizaadbesz4rbbesRARARASAGAS ER RAAAE PERS 10 26 Setting the New ATM Switch seosesastessctteitesker e e 10 26 Hardware WIL so2is4zsRR4 HERAWERRTAqeS ERRARE oditi ps 10 27 Troubleshooting 4 5 ak han uRESRRESRRSESE 11 1 Eroe DOOR cu 4 48 359 46 bdo ed v ddd YE dd EO CER Rep decades 11 1 BDerconon DE LED o ut adiu ree upto dopo Gd bios Rot eq ER ch 11 2 Detection Dv DiagNOsiS o ideis die dre a ERO ERE ES RR ERE RS ERA 11 4 Troubleshooting Procedures iu sazerexe 5 RRRR RR ERES ERES T CEES 11 5 When ALARM LED is Lighted Hardware Error 11 5 Alarm Error NUMDETS os 22 os bess key ERE HERE ber ober e on 11 6 When RCV INS is Lighted Line Error 11 10 Brror MOREM Less kyet xu r EC TPRPSRE EPEREPSYEY 4 11 11 A2 co0q4h s o MIMTM EP 11 12 Specifications and Standards
94. ction explains the procedure for upgrading the ATM Switch software Inserting There are two types of PCMCIA cards used for upgrading the software of the ATM PCMCIA Cards Switch m ATA flash disk card m LAN card optional Figure 10 20 PCMCIA Card Left ATA Card Right LAN Card Inserting and Removing an ATA Card ATA cards are handled in the same manner as normal PCMCIA cards Insert an ATA card into the PCMCIA card slot in the front of the switch CPU card Insert the card securely and all the way in until the ejector button on the side of the slot pops out Facing the main unit the ejector button on the right is for slot 0 the one on the left is for slot 1 To remove the ATA card press the ejector button on the side of the slot The card will be automatically ejected Inserting and Removing a LAN Card The LAN card is optional It should be used to connect the ATM Switch to Ethernet 10BaseT 10 16 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Modifications Upgrading Software Insertion Procedure 1 Before inserting the LAN card into the ATM Switch connect the cable and relay connector as shown in Figure 10 21 Figure 10 21 LAN Card Cable and Relay Connector Connections A PRECAUT ON Be sure to hold the connector when connecting or removing the cable Pull ing on the cable may cause the cable to break or the card to fail Turn off the power switch of the ATM
95. ddress of the ATM Switch BOOT SET local x KKK 5 Set the server s IP address and boot file name BOOT SET server k kkKKk bootfiles 6 Setthe IP address of the default router BOOT SET route k k 7 Setthe boot mode as follows BOOT SET boot initialize 8 End the boot monitor BOOT QUIT Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Modifications Upgrading Software INITIALIZE SAVE Mode Load the software from the Ether network server connected via the LAN card mounted in the PCMCIA slot 1 The office data is included in the software in the initial setting status After loading the software and office data are saved to the ATA card mounted in PCMCIA slot 0 and reloaded in the main memory zad urbe arc asd HIer chez id iilii sid taki neg eure nnd alTico ita imiia siii vers Pron Libzrnei Figure 10 27 INITIALIZE_SAVE Mode Procedure 1 Turn off the power of the ATM Switch 2 Insert into PCMCIA slot 0 the ATA card to which to save the software and into PCMCIA slot 1 the LAN card connected to the Ether network Turn on the power of the ATM Switch and start the boot monitor Set the IP address of the ATM Switch BOOT SET local 5 Set the server s IP address and boot file name BOOT SET server kk kkk kkk kkk bootfiles 6 Set the IP address of the default router BOOT SET route k KKK 7 Setthe boot mode as follo
96. ddto 7 17 Power Source and Power Consumption 7 17 Setting System Configuration Data 2 iia ed cease wedeestdgadeus 7 18 Cp DOOR aa cr odaescisdiaeaniussiesahesatesacaees 7 18 Line merate TeSt ove cent e evens RIEUERERAO HL EE ERE ER least 7 19 Basic Configuration and Setup eese 8 1 Hardware Installation and Connection 0 0000 8 1 Setting Configuration Datasis440s40544408 534000s400e000u4 8 2 Software Upgrading 1idqaaspua eere RE RP asiri bbid TERR RE eR AS 8 4 Ongome Configuration isa end ERES opens ERI REIRE ERES 8 5 Interface ILMI and SVC Signaling iissecoseecsu ess ten n wn 8 5 PVC Setup and Installation s 2942s9voe doseresbieeto rA ES 8 8 pote up LAN Bama corsisti eoe Dsotenc dis s rues owes 8 10 SVC DEIDEUBE s bpasekd ERRARE REERATETERARIDKAd RR Ad ENS 8 14 Maintenance and Operations eeeeee eee eee 9 1 LOCA oos pad uk ersdcEFRi ei esses b gu ah dod Da E pda 9 MAT ul NM eheuaostAsTadaspEbskARERARACRASEE RR RSTASER RESEE E 9 2 MNT sae itia a acia doce ped dad aros 9 2 Physical Connection GF MAT Luo cores eked teste Y don Erg 9 3 Meu cho PAP 9 5 Communications SOWIE 4 sedes 3 LEE Sa ER eee adeds dew 9 6 NMS 6044054560 946 490944 4910454 6940008 608508 rs Rd dg 9 7 NMS Interface via ATM 06 66cs 44s ined bese ees eesaev ewes 9 8 NMS Interface via Ethernet ssc ccaxce aad ea nee ge a ERGO Rd hn 9 8 FPengdie Maintenantt 64 424555559 509s 6645069s 5
97. dware or line interface alarm is detected the ALARM LED on the ATM Switch will light up If an external device is connected to the ALARM OUT connector the device is also activated The error information can be verified by entering acommand DISPLAY alarm DISPLAY line from the MAT It is also possible to detect alarms with a diagnosis program When the power unit is redundant and one of the power units is turned off ALARM LED will light This is not an error ALARM LED will turn off when both power units are turned on Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 11 1 NTP 297 8103 903 Error Detection Troubleshooting Detection by LED Hardware alarms and line interface alarms are indicated by the LED on the main unit The status of the hardware and the status of the lines are also indicated Each LED is described in Figure 11 1 POWER LED READY LED ALARM LEG Figure 11 1 ATM Switch LED Locations POWER LED The POWER LED lights green when power is on and turns off when power is off READY LED The READY LED turns on when the equipment is operating properly and turns off when an error occurs It also flashes during diagnosis 11 2 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Troubleshooting Error Detection ALARM LED The ALARM LED lights red when an error occurs in the equipment The ALARM lamp flashes if an error occurs when the equipment is being booted In this case the cause
98. e key functions data transfer connection management and quality of services selection SNC Subnetwork Connection In the context of ATM an entity that passes ATM cells transparently i e without adding any overhead A SNC may be either a stand alone SNC or a concatenation of SNCs and link connections Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 69 NTP 297 8103 903 S Glossary SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol Originally designed for the Department of Defense network to support TCP IP network management It has been widely implemented to support the management of a broad range of network products and functions SNMP is the IETF standard management protocol for TCP IP networks Start of Header A transmission control character used as the first character in the heading of an information message from Newton s Telecom Dictionary SONET Synchronous Optical Network An ANSI standard for transmitting information over optical fiber This standard is used or accepted in the United States and Canada and is a variation of the SDH International standard Source Route As used in this document a hierarchically complete source route Source Traffic A set of traffic parameters belonging to the ATM Traffic Descriptor used during the connection set up to capture the intrinsic traffic characteristics of the connection requested by the source Spanning Tree Algorithm An algorithm the original version of whcih was
99. e DISPLAY alarm command from the MAT The command should be entered as follows DISPLAY alarm RETURN Response will be output Determine the error and take the necessary action See Error Messages on page 11 11 Disconnect the MAT from the ATM Switch Example of Responses Hardware 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 03 03 02 02 02 10 03 07 10 12 22 07 08 13 24 18 Alarm 20 l2 08 15 12 21 05 02 LE 33 47 56 36 02 32 03 48 21 38 15 40 20 49 Environment000001 FAN 0 FAN 1 Power Unit 0 CPUDiagnosis NG070002 SwitchClock Alarm010002 Line Board 0 Clock Alarm000001 Line Card 0 OC3c STM 1 MMF Path Alarm010001 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 11 5 Troubleshooting Procedures Troubleshooting Alarm Error Alarm Error Number Environment Numbers F POWER alarm FAN alarm 000001 Abnormal rise in environmental temperature Alarm Error Number Switch CPU Card Error Alarm Type Number Part Nature of Error Diagnosis NG 070002 MEMORY Memory diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 050005 SAR SAR register NG Path Alarm 020002 SC Cell alignment signal error Path Alarm 020003 SC BMT parity error Path Alarm 030001 BF Regression enable match error Path Alarm 030002 BF Regression clear match error Path Alarm 030003 BF BFO p
100. e used for signaling are m Address format E 164 m NSAP incorporated ATM private network address defined by ATM Forum m Besides UNI the ATM Switch also supports routing function and signaling function conforming to ATM Forum PNNI 1 0 Consequently a signaling request may be routed through a network composed of more than one switch m Control layer AALS ATM Adaptation Layer 5 called C plane is used to convey the signaling request Figure 5 2 shows the protocol stack of the C plane ATM Network ATM Terminal ATM Switch ATM Switch UNI PNNI PNNI UNI Signal Signal Signal Signal ing ing ing ing SAAL SAAL Physical Physical Physical Layer Layer Layer Communication Medium SAAL Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer UNI User Network Interface PNNI Private Network Network Interface ATM Terminal Figure 5 2 Protocol Stack of C plane Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Routing Software Specifications Routing ILMI Functions The signaling for establishing SVC connections is transferred by referring to the routing table maintained by each switch in the network There are two types of routing table static routing table and dynamic routing table the ATM Switch provides the ILMI Integrated Local Management Interface and PNNI Private Network Network Interface functions for preparing and revising the dynamic routing tables Static routing tables can also be revised
101. ecifications of B ISDN 1 362 AAL Layer Functions of B ISDN 1 363 AAL Layer Specifications of B ISDN 1 364 B ISDN Broadband Connectionless Service 1 371 Traffic Control and Congestion Control in B ISDN 1 413 B ISDN User Network Interface 1 414 Concept of Recommendation on B ISDN and on Layer 1 in User Access of B ISDN 1 432 Specifications of User Interface Layer 1 of B ISDN 1 610 OAM Principles of B ISDN Q 2931 B ISDN Signaling Layer 3 Q 2100 Outline of AAL Layer for B ISDN Signaling formerly Q SAALO Q 2110 AAL Layer SSCOP for B ISDN Signaling formerly Q SAAL1 Q 2130 AAL Layer SSCF for Signaling in UNI of B ISDN formerly Q SAAL2 A 6 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary A AAC Actual Allocated Capacity AAL ATM Adaptation Layer The standards layer that allows multiple applications to have data converted to and from the ATM cell A protocol used that translates higher layer services into the size and format of an ATM cell AAL Connection Association established by the AAL between two or more next higher layer entities AAL 1 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 1 AAL functions in support of constant bit rate time dependent traffic such as voice and video AAL 2 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 2 This AAL is still undefined by the International Standards bodies It is a placeholder for variable bit rate video transmission AAL 3 4 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 3 4 AAL functions in suppor
102. ed SubNetwork Attachment Point SNAP header identifying an organization which administers the meaning of the following two octet Protocol Identifier PID field in the SNAP header Together they identify a distinct routed or bridged protocol Outlier A node whose exclusion from its containing peer group would significantly improve the accuracy and simplicity of the aggregation of the remainder of the peer group topology Outside Link A link to an outside node Outside Node A node which is participating in PNNI routing but which is not a member of a particular peer group 1 ICell Relay Retreat Indiana University 25 August 1996 http cell relay indiana edu cell relay Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 53 NTP 297 8103 903 P Glossary OXB Output eXpandable Buffer Packet A device for generating an analog test signal or an electronic circuit that creates a single frequency signal Packet Switch A device that routes and forwards structured messages packets Packet Switching A data transmission method used in a network where user information is segmented and routed in discreet data envelopes called packets each with its own appended control information for routing sequencing and error checking Packet switched networks typically employ a full three layer protocol stack physical link data link network in every node PAD Packet Assembler and Disassembler A PAD assembles packets of asynchronous data and e
103. ed interface between two LAN servers LES LES BUS BUS LECS LECS and LECS LES LOC Loss of Cell Delineation A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHY overhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost cell delineation Used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer LOF Loss of Frame A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHY overhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost frame delineation This is used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer Logical Group Node A logical node that represents a lower level peer group as a single point for purposes of operating at one level of the PNNI routing hierarchy Logical Link An abstract representation of the connectivity between two logical nodes This includes individual physical links individual virtual path connections and parallel physical links and or virtual path connections Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 41 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B 42 Logical Node An abstract representation of a peer group or a switching system as a single point Logical Node ID A string of bits that unambiguously identifies a logical node within a routing domain LOP Loss of Pointer A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHY overhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost the pointer to the start of cell in the payload This is used to monitor
104. ed of two digits The left most digit indicates the line slot number and the last digit the position number Regardless of how many line ports are on a line card the position numbers are from the left 0 1 2 and 3 3 14 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Hardware Specifications This section describes overview of the flow of ATM cell and each functional block of the ATM Switch Principal Functions of the ATM Switch Accommodates various ATM lines The ATM Switch can interface various ATM lines by accommodating both optical lines and metallic lines different throughputs and different protocols The ATM Switch is equipped with interfaces for various ATM lines Cell Switching The ATM Switch identifies the destination ATM line using the cell header information in the ATM cell sent over the ATM line then sends the cell The ATM Switch has a switching capacity of 4 lines at 622 Mbps or in throughput 2 5 Gbps Fixed path setting The path is normally set according to the connection information stored in the PCMCIA ATA card Path setting is changed by changing the connection information from an external MAT When the ATM Switch is reset the path is set according to the PVC connection information stored in the PCMCIA card or the PVC connection information downloaded from an external source Variable path setting The ATM Switch has a network address line table to realize this function This table
105. efer to ATM Switch Alarms on page 7 18 Enter the alarm message display command from the MAT to make sure that there is no hardware error Refer to ATM Switch Alarms on page 7 18 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Modifications General Precautions on Handling Packages General Precautions on Handling Packages This section provides the procedures for installing units and packages on the ATM Switch Pay attention to the following precautions when handling packages Figure 10 4 Precaution Do Not Bend Cards Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 10 3 NTP 297 8103 903 Power Unit Installation Modifications Power Unit Installation This section describes the procedures for installing the power unit Inserting the 1 Make sure the power switch of the power unit that is inserted is turned off Power Unit 2 Remove the front cover from the front of the main unit Refer to Removing the Front Cover on page 10 15 Figure 10 5 Removing the Front Cover 3 Insert the power unit into the power unit slot As the power unit can be made redundant there are two slots left and right When using only one power unit insert the power unit into the slot 40 that is on the left hand side facing the main unit When inserting the power unit make sure you securely hold the power unit with both hands as shown in Figure 10 6 and insert it all the way in un
106. em that provides forwarding functions or relaying functions or both for a specific ATM connection OAM cells may be generated and received ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network A switched network providing end to end digital connections where voice data video and image services are provided over the same transmission facilities ISDN comes today in two basic flavors BRI which is 144 000 bits per second and design for the desk top and PRI which is 1 544 000 bits per second and design for telephone switches computer telephony and voice processing systems Neither ISDN BRI or ISPN PRI is a standard service though there are several standard configurations ISDN BRI is a wonderful service in your home or office because it can give you video conferencing and ultrafast data communications But it is not an easy service to get up and running Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 35 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B 36 ISO International Standards Organization An international organization for standardization based in Geneva Switzerland that establishes voluntary standards and promotes global trade of 90 member countries ITU T Specifications for Traffic Measurement 1 361 B ISDN ATM Layer Specification 1 362 B ISDN ATM Layer AAL Functional Description 1 363 B ISDN ATM Layer AAL Specification 1 432 ITU T Recommendation for B ISDN User network Interface ITU T International Telecommunications Union Te
107. ence sublayer Refer PMD and TC Physical Layer PHY Connection An association established by the PHY between two or more ATM entities A PHY connection consists of the concatenation of PHY links in order to provide an end to end transfer capability to PHY SAPs Physical Link A real link which attaches two switching systems PICS Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement A statement made by the supplier of an implementation or system stating which capabilities have been implemented for a given protocol PID Protocol Identification Refer to OUI PIXIT Protocol Implementation eXtra Information for Testing A statement made by a supplier or implementer of an IUT which contains information about the IUT and its testing environment which will enable a test laboratory to run an appropriate test suite against the IUT Plastic Fiber Optics An optical fiber where the core transmission media is plastic in contrast to glass or silica cores Proposed plastic fibers generally have larger attenuation and dispersion than glass fiber but may have applications where the distance is limited Plastic systems may also offer lower cost connectors that may be installed with simple tools and a limited amount of training PLCP Physical Layer Convergence Protocol The PLCP is defined by the IEEE 802 6 It is used for DS3 transmission of ATM ATM cells are encapsulated in a 125microsecond frame defined by the PLCP which is defined inside the DS3 M frame Centilli
108. enclature and Functions PCMCIA Card Slot This slot is used to install a PCMCIA ATA LAN card m 622 Mbps single mode line card m 155 Mbps single mode long line card S x E xa E sti NS O3NIT Bx el Figure 3 4 Front View of 622 Mbps Single Mode and 155 Mbps Single Mode Long Line Card RCV INS Available for each line these lamps indicate the status of that particular line RCV red INS green Status Off Lighted Line status normal Lighted Off Line error reception error Off Flashing Line error transmission error Off Off Hardware error Rx Tx These codes indicate the reception side and transmission side of the SC connectors LE Reception side connector Transmission side connector 3 6 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Nomenclature and Functions Description and Function of Components Line Cards m 155 Mbps Multi mode Line Card m 155 Mbps Single Mode short Line Card m 100 Mbps TAXI Line Card 5 5 eS c eS c mum 35 mm 5 mm 5 mom lt A ezo ez ez N ez o x29 x27 ZR x29 Figure 3 5 Front View of 155 Mbps Multi Mode 155 Mbps Single Mode Short and 100 Mbps TAXI Line Card RCV INS Available for each line these lamps indicate the status of that particular line ROV red ms green stats Off Lighted Line status no
109. ending on the type of service provided The frame format of CE DS1 in shown in Figure 4 3 Extended SUPERFRAME FR FR FRI FR FR FR FR FRIFRIFRI FRI FR 2 13 4 5 8 7 B D BI 19 20 21122123124 SUPERP RANE 1 2 Figure 4 3 CE DS1 Frame Format Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Hardware Specifications Hardware Configuration and Overview of Functions The CE DS1 card conforms to the following recommendations and specifications m ITU T m ANSI m Bellcore g ATM Forum G356 G362 G702 G703 G704 G709 G823 G824 T1 102 T1 107A T1 403 T1 408 T1 630 T1 627 TR NWT 000170 Circuit Emulation Service Interoperability Spec UNI Spec 3 1 Server Cards A server card is composed of a server unit and an FR buffer The server unit is a basic component of the Server Card Featuring a CPU with a R4650 processor and flash memory the server unit provides server functions and controls the Server Card The FR buffer realizes a communication function between the Server Card s CPU and the switching system s CPU Inter processor communication is realized by FRCTL LSI via the inter processor message communication table on the SDRAM Shown below are the specifications of the server card CPU R4650 CLK 100MHz Cache Memory 8KB 8KB DRAM 16MB Flash Memory ROM 2MB Flash Memory FILE 8MB Interface PCI BUS 33MHz RS232C Ethernet 10BaseT Redundancy
110. ents Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 7 3 NTP 297 8103 903 Installation Conditions Installation 7 4 Chassis Space Requirements More than 1 8 in k 50 mm 6 4 in 163 mm Main unit height oem E 18 inch k LEE A Cable area 3 8 in 96 rmm Figure 7 4 Chassis Space Requirements Cable Space Requirements Cable area Cable area 23 6 in 600 mmi 17 1 in 1435 mm DE in 20 mm 0 8 in 20 mmy Note The example is when ihe depih is 23 7 in 600 mim Front cover T Rear cover Figure 7 5 Cable Space Requirements Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Installation Installation Conditions Areas Suitable for Installation Areas safe from exposure to water or chemicals Areas that are isolated from shocks and vibration Horizontal areas Areas where there is little dust Areas shielded from direct sunlight Areas isolated from equipment generating strong magnetism for example television set speakers Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 7 5 NTP 297 8103 903 Checking the Package Contents and Preparation for Setting Installation Checking the Package Contents and Preparation for Setting This section describes the contents of the package and preparation for setting Packages Make sure that the box holding the ATM Switch contains two packages three packages with an optional item shown below m The
111. erminals BUS Broadcast and Unknown Server This server handles data sent by an LE Client to the broadcast MAC address FFFFFFFFFFFF all multicast traffic and initial unicast frames which are sent by a LAN Emulation Client BW Bandwidth A numerical measurement of throughput of a system or network CAC Connection Admission Control Connection Admission Control is defined as the set of actions taken by the network during the call set up phase or during call re negotiation phase in order to determine whether a connection request can be accepted or should be rejected or whether a request for re allocation can be accommodated Call A call is an association between two or more users or between a user and a network entity that is established by the use of network capabilities This association may have zero or more connections CAS Channel Associated Signaling A form of circuit state signaling in which the circuit state is indicated by one or more bits of signaling status sent repetitively and associated with that specific circuit CBDS Connectionless Broadband Data Service A connectionless service similar to Bellcore s SMDS defined by European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSD Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 13 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary CBR Constant Bit Rate An ATM service category which supports a constant or guaranteed rate to transport services such as video or voice as well as
112. ernet Token Ring etc and ATM interfaces based on data link and network layer information but which does not participate in the running of any network layer routing protocol An Edge Device obtains forwarding descriptions using the route distribution protocol EFCI Explicit Forward Congestion Indication EFCI is an indication in the ATM cell header A network element in an impending congested state or a congested state may set EFCI so that this indication may be examined by the destination end system For example the end system may use this indication to implement a protocol that adaptively lowers the cell rate of the connection during congestion or impending congestion A network element that is not in a congestion state or an impending congestion state will not modify the value of this indication Impending congestion is the state when a network equipment is operating around its engineered capacity level Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary EFS Error Free Seconds A unit used to specify the error performance of T carrier systems usually expressed as EFS per hour day or week This method gives a better indication of the distribution of bit errors than a simple bit error rate BER Also refer to SES ELAN Emulated Local Area Network A logical network initiated by using the mechanisms defined by LAN Emulation This could include ATM and legacy attached end stations EMA Emergency Control
113. es The ATM Switch can interface various ATM lines by accommodating both optical lines and metallic lines different throughputs and different protocols Because the ATM Switch is equipped with interfaces for various ATM lines it can be used for a wide range of multimedia applications depending on the need Structure of the ATM Switch With its compact dimensions the ATM Switch can be placed on a desktop or on a standard 19 inch rack To facilitate on site maintenance after the operation begins the ATM Switch is designed to allow service access from the front of each unit Supports various connection functions As the ATM Switch supports both fixed connections PVCs and switch connections SVCs it provides various connection formats Connections may be set to one of five levels of control priority Q Total management of network Because the ATM Switch is equipped with a network management agent function based on SNMP it can be managed along with such LAN products as routers and hubs Traffic control When competition occurs in sending out cells this traffic control function prevents the cell with a higher priority from being delayed or discarded Each connection may be set to one of five levels of control priority Supports PNNI Ver 1 0 The ATM Switch is the world s first ATM switch to support PNNI Ver 1 0 that conforms to the ATM Forum This ensures that network construction is made simple Provides server function By installing a
114. f the ATM Switch Before adding line cards have the following equipment ready The additional line cards Communication cables for the additional line cards MAT not necessary if one is already connected to the ATM Switch RS 232C cross cable for connecting the MAT to the ATM Switch not necessary if already connected Phillips screw driver Antistatic kit and gloves Remove the front plate installed in the line card slot on the front side of the ATM Switch Insert the additional line card in the line card slot of the ATM Switch Connect the communication cable for the additional line card to the line card Connect the new communication cable to other hardware such as router or terminal Connect the RS 232C cross cable to the RS 232C connector on the front of the switch CPU card in the lower right area of the front of the ATM Switch Connect the other end of the RS 232C cross cable connected to the ATM Switch to the MAT Turn on the MAT s power switch Set the communication parameters refer to section 6 Check the ALARM LED or MAT monitor and make sure there is no error with the ATM Switch Check the additional line card For instructions on entering the commands refer to Line Interface Test on page 7 19 Set the system configuration data of the additional line card For details on the Configuration commands refer to the ATM Switch Command Manual Data Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 10 25 NTP 297 8103 9
115. failure may result The ATM Switch is precision equipment Keep it away from vibration Do not install the equipment where it is susceptible to vibration Vibration may cause the equipment to fail To prevent a failure do not place any foreign objects inside the equipment Static electricity may cause the equipment to fail To prevent damage from static electricity be sure the equipment is adequately grounded When touching a connector of the equipment be careful of electrostatic damage Be sure to use an electrostatic prevention kit and wear gloves when handling the equipment This equipment is normally used with its power on No one other than the person in charge of the system should touch the power switch When power is turned off communications will be severed In addition all unsaved data settings will be lost Once operation begins the user need not control the equipment The user merely needs to carefully read the handling precautions in this chapter and provide an environment around the equipment so the switch can function properly When an error occurs to the equipment during operation the ALARM LED on the front of the equipment will light In this case promptly call the system manager Equipment m Protect the equipment from excessive heat or cold Do not expose the Environment equipment to direct sunlight or place heat radiating equipment near the switch m Ensure adequate ventilation m Do not install the equipment
116. fer is also equipped with an output buffer OXB that stores ATM cells that are input in excess of the line speed The principal functions performed by the line buffer are as follows m Valid VP bit count 14 bits m Input output buffers each 32 000 cells in size m Congestion control BP and EFCI functions m Priority control QoS 5 class loss 2 class m UPC control GCRA m OAM control loop back F4 F5 error control m Shaping PCR amp SCR guarantee type m Frame discard EPD Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 4 5 NTP 297 8103 903 Hardware Configuration and Overview of Functions Hardware Specifications Types of Line Cards The line cards are available in several types to suit the various lines accommodated While the line cards differ in a number of ways such as the shape of connectors they basically function in the same way OC 12c OC 3c STM 4 single mode OC 3c STMI single mode multi mode UTP 5 COA X TAXI 6 3M J2 45M DS3 34M E3 1 5M DS1 2M E1 FR DS1 CE DS1 CE EI 4 6 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Hardware Specifications Hardware Configuration and Overview of Functions Functional Blocks A functional description of each functional block in the line card is shown in the following table Hardware Block Description of Functions Line card PHY m Conversion of physical media e g E O conversion O E conversion Reception clock recovery Transmission clock
117. figuration parameters for the switch 7 Setthe clock source SET clock master 8 Setthe time and date of the switch SET time yy mm dd hh mm ss 9 Setthe local switch host name ATM IP network address and netmask and ATM network address SET local host name ATM IP network address ATM IP network netmask ATM address The ATM network IP address must be on a different IP network from the Ethernet port Please take caution in configuring both IP addresses to ensure that they are on different networks If an Ethernet PCMCIA card is installed continue with step 10 to configure the Ethernet interface to allow Telnet sessions to the MAT interface Otherwise continue with step 11 10 Set the Ethernet interface configuration SET ether Ethernet IP address x x x x Ethernet IP mask x x x x 11 Save the configuration SAVE 12 Reboot the switch by turning the power supply s off and then on After modifying items such as clock source and switch addressing information and saving the configuration reboot the switch to ensure that the new information is updated properly Refer to the RESET command in the Command Manual This completes the basic configuration and setup of the ATM Switch Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 8 3 NTP 297 8103 903 Software Upgrading Basic Configuration and Setup Optional Commands SET iproute Configures an IP route within the switch usually for remote hosts
118. for network management etc Use this command when the network that you want to connect to is either connected to an ATM port or an Ethernet port For more information see the SET iproute Privileged Command section of the ATM Switch Command Manual SET nms If an NMS system is installed this command allows up to 4 remote NMS systems to be installed Options for this command allow you to set community name access and read write privileges DIAGNOSIS all Performs a self test on all the components within the switch This command takes a few minutes to execute and displays the results after completion DISPLAY configuration all Displays the current configuration defined within the switch There are a number of default settings predefined within the switch You may save time during configuration and setup by looking at the default configuration and determining what items are already configured to the desired setting Software Upgrading See Upgrading Software on page 10 16 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Basic Configuration and Setup Ongoing Configuration Ongoing Configuration Interface ILMI and SVC Signaling This section describes how to configure different interface types and PVCs Interface Configuration The SET INTERFACE command sets the type of interface such as Private UNI Private NNI or Public UNI Each interface complies with ATM Forum specifications and has its own unique app
119. formation across a User Network Interface UNI MIB Management Information Base A definition of management items for some network component that can be accessed by a network manager A MIB includes the names of objects it contains and the type of information retained MIB Attribute A single piece of configuration management or statistical information which pertains to a specific part of the PNNI protocol operation MIB Instance An incarnation of a MIB object that applies to a specific part piece or aspect of the PNNI protocol s operation MIB Object A collection of attributes that can be used to configure manage or analyze an aspect of the PNNI protocol s operation Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 45 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B 46 MID Message Identifier The message identifer is used to associate ATM cells that carry segments from the same higher layer packet MIR Maximum Information Rate Refer to PCR Mrm An ABR service parameter that controls allocation of bandwidth between forward RM cells backward RM cells and data cells MMF Multimode Fiberoptic Cable Fiberoptic cable in which the signal or light propagates in multiple modes or paths Since these paths may have varying lengths a transmitted pulse of light may be received at different times and smeared to the point that pulses may interfere with surrounding pulses This may cause the signal to be difficult or impossible to recei
120. g 9 qui LUI OS QUE dd qp 7 2 Environmental Conditions Lua cocses de dersees E RESA TES RR 7 2 BiG SPACE 23 a qa dy e der odo I E HO GEHE S rr da 7 3 Areas Suitable for Installation 2522222444 e has 7 5 Checking the Package Contents and Preparation for Setting 7 6 gS ee a E ee ee ee ee ee eee ere eer Te 7 6 Pekine Lit sicccs scour sabes 66 4s509sho0ssS os ose nee eo Sus 7 6 Tools and Equipment Necessary for Installation 7 7 jio TT 7 8 Mounting of Switch on Chassis 22d kosee D R4 GR RRRUR E RR P YS 7 9 Recommended Chassis ua degere rRRREuSE ERA ETE STCE eV E ER Y dS 7 9 Installing the Chassis Brackets 222co0 see ee0e450e004 7 10 Iustslnpg Wie MUSH s 5 ae coeees idrett EA TASA 7 10 ATM Switch Installation ce 22s odonb4s eb 44aees eo S069 645 7 11 Connecting Communication Cables 064s4s4004 405s then 7 12 Types of Communication Cables 22 64s204seb0eeeede 092085 7 12 CONECTOR Loss dcr e seb 8a Sg SX OI ba hes 7 13 MAI CORI Las beso dre 09 d edt S purdd GU d e apu Qcn 7 14 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Table of Contents NTP 297 8103 903 Inser ng PCMCIA Lane iossoecenes ue ke S RA SCR E SAPE eas 7 14 Turpis Pover Du Bie const cows ils stooge E ES PR ES RE ES 7 15 Connecting the Power Cable Lou khe p REA RROSUYEESEESSZTERE PES 7 15 Torning the SEP Nass 44d de HER anh a ALLEE 9b ms 7 16 Turning the Power Ulf a2 526i ase seeshadeeg pe Riu hp e
121. ght propagates in a single mode or path Since all light follows the same path or travels the same distance a transmitted pulse is not dispersed and does not interfere with adjacent pulses SMF fibers can support longer distances and are limited mainly by the amount of attenuation Refer to MMF SN Sequence Number A 4 octet field in a Resource Management cell defined by the ITU T in recommendation I 371 to sequence such cells It is not used for ATM Forum ABR An ATM switch will either preserve this field or set it in accordance with I 371 SN cell Sequence Number Cell A cell sent periodically on each link of an AIMUX to indicate how many cells have been transmitted since the previous SN cell These cells are used to verify the sequence of payload cells reassembled at the receiver SNA Systems Network Architecture IBM s seven layer vendor specific architecture for data communications SNAP Standard Network Access Protocol A version of the IEEE local area network logical link control frame similar to the more traditional data link level transmission frame that lets you use nonstandard higher level protocols The Subnet Access Protocol is an Internet protocol that operates between a network entity in the subnet and a network entity in the end system and specifies a standard method of encapsulating IP datagrams and ARP messages on IEEE networks The SNAP entity in the end system makes use of the services of the subnet and performs thre
122. guration and Setup PVC Setup and Installation The first part of any PVC setup is the definition of a profile There are 16 available profiles that can be defined and configured These profiles determine characteristics for shaping and managing traffic When establishing a PVC the traffic class such as CBR UBR etc the QoS parameters traffic shaping parameters and UPC parameters can be set The SET PROFILE command allows the user to specify the traffic type unique name PCR SCR MBS and whether to use EPD There are also 8 shapers that can be configured with values for PCR SCR and MBS The ATM Forum has the following table to assist with configuring profiles Traffic Class PCR Flow Tagging Option Traffic Parameters PCR CDPTp SCR MBS CDVTs CBR 1 0 1 N A Specified N A UBR 1 0 1 N A Specified N A UBR 2 0 1 Tagging against all Specified N A CLP 0 cells Traffic Profile Traffic Shaping Note2 Class PCR EPD PCR SCR MBS CBR 1 1 Specified Off Specified N A N A UBR 1 1 Specified On Off UBR 2 5 Specified On Off 1 Configure a profile for the PVC SET profile traffic type profile name up to 10 characters You may also be prompted to set the PCR at 1412830 maximum and EPD to on 1 Example SET profile 4 PVC1 1412830 1 The example defines a profile PVC1 with maximum PCR and EPD is on 2 Define a shaper for the PVC optio
123. h package B Line number Nomenclature of the ATM Switch Front View Power Unit The power unit supplies power to the components of the ATM Switch It draws DC 40 to 58V as the power input The power unit is installed on the top right hand side of the front of the ATM Switch The power unit may be redundant Switch CPU Card This is the basic component of the ATM Switch It is capable of switching ATM cells at a maximum speed of 2 5 Gbps It also controls the entire switch The switch CPU card is installed on the bottom right hand side of the front of the ATM Switch Front Plate The Front Plate is installed in empty line card slots Fan Unit The fan units force internal heat outside The air flows from the right to left RS 232C Port This is a 9 pin D SUB connector used by service personnel to connect a Maintenance and Administration Terminal MAT Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 3 1 NTP 297 8103 903 Nomenclature of the ATM Switch Nomenclature and Functions Line Cards Depending on the type of lines accommodated line cards are available in variations such as OC 12c OC 3c STM 4 single mode OC 3c STMI single mode multi mode UTP 5 COA X TAXI 6 3M J2 45M DS3 34M E3 1 5M DS1 2M EI FR DS1 CE DS1 CE E1 The line cards provide line interfaces conforming to the ITU T ATM Forum The line cards terminate physical and ATM layers The line cards are installed in the line card slots in the front of the ATM Sw
124. he ATM network by an ATM bridge Here the ATM bridge and ATM terminal are equivalent to the LAN emulation client The server card is installed on one of the ATM switches in the illustration A number of server cards can be installed on a single ATM Switch Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 2 9 NTP 297 8103 903 ARP What is the Centillion 1200N Switch ARP Address Resolution Protocol ARP is an address conversion protocol used to resolve the MAC address or ATM address of a terminal from its IP address in a subnet ARP provides IPOA function which conforms to RFC 1577 The ARP function provided by the Server Card is to resolve the ATM addresses of terminals in ATM LAN This function in particular is referred to as ATM ARP At least one ARP server is placed in a logical IP subnet LIS Having an ARP table IP address ATM address chart that is periodically updated the ARP server resolves addresses of terminals in that LIS Shown in Figure 2 9 is the address resolution procedure using an ARP server The numbers correspond with the procedures that follow ARP Serve Transmission Destination Terrninal Terminal Figure 2 9 Address Resolution Procedure Using an ARP Server 1 Each terminal when connected to ATM LAN registers its own IP address and ATM address with the ARP server The ARP server uses the registered addresses to prepare an ARP table 2 When the transmission terminal has no connectio
125. he computer It manipulates data and processes instructions coming from software or a human operator Crankback A mechanism for partially releasing a connection setup in progress which has encountered a failure This mechanism allows PNNI to perform alternate routing CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check A mathematical algorithm that computes a numerical value based on the bits in a block of data This number is transmitted with the data and the receiver uses this information and the same algorithm to insure the accurate delivery of data by comparing the results of algorithm and the number received If a mismatch occurs an error in transmission is presumed CRF Cell Relay Function This is the basic function that an ATM network performs in order to provide a cell relay service to ATM end stations CRF Connection Related Function A term used by Traffic Management to reference a point in a network or a network element where per connection functions are occurring This is the point where policing at the VCC or VPC level may occur CRM Missing RM cell count CRM limits the number of forward RM cells which may be sent in the absence of received backward RM cells Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 19 NTP 297 8103 903 C Glossary CRM Cell Rate Margin This is a measure of the difference between the effective bandwidth allocation and the allocation for sustainable rate in cells per second CRS Cell Relay Service A carr
126. he procedures for turning the power on and off Make sure the power unit fastening screw on the back of the ATM Switch is properly screwed Connect the power cable to the power connector and the other end of the cable to power supply for example the power outlet Power gabd CxS power connector Power uri Tasha ning Sonera DC power cable Figure 7 12 Connecting the Power Cable DC power cable White OV Brack 48V Green FG Since maximum power consumption is large be sure to draw power directly from an outlet Never share the same outlet with other devices Never connect the ground wire to a gas pipe Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 7 15 NTP 297 8103 903 Turning Power On and Off Installation Turning the Procedures for turning on the ATM Switch s power are shown below Power On 1 Turn on the power switch on the back of the equipment by raising the switch up If the power unit is redundant turn on both power switches 2 Confirm that the POWER LED and the READY LED in the lower right area of the front of the ATM Switch are lighted green The ATM Switch s self diagnosis function is activated every time its power is turned on and every time it is reset The results of the self diagnosis are output to the MAT that is connected to the ATM Switch When self diagnosis function is executed make sure the output message does not contain NG or Not Installed for slot numbers corresp
127. his section describes the procedures for installing a line card It also describes the procedures for installing a front plate over an idle line card slot Several types of line cards are available listed below They are all installed the same way OC 12c SMF 622 Mbps from November 1996 OC 3c STM 1 MMF SMF UTP 5 155 Mbps TAXI MMF 100 Mbps J2 6 3 Mbps DS3 45 Mbps E3 34 Mbps FR DS1 CE DS1 CE E1 Inserting a Line Card 2 Clean the connector with cleaner before inserting the line card Each line card is equipped with ejectors Close the ejectors before inserting the card LESEE EE CEJ EE EX i Ta j i ac Figure 10 10 Line Card Ejectors Closed Position 3 Insert the line card all the way into the line card slot slowly and positively by running the card through the guide rails As shown in Figure 10 11 securely Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 10 9 NTP 297 8103 903 Line Card Installation Modifications hold the ejectors with both hands to insert the card rs i Figure 10 11 Inserting the Line Card A PRECAUTION Figure 10 12 When pushing the line card in do not apply excess pressure on the left and right edges of the front of the plate The plate may become deformed Make sure the line card is fitted into both right and left guide rails before inserting it If the line card is slid outside of the guide rails it may cause a short circui
128. ier service which supports the receipt and transmission of ATM cells between end users in compliance with ATM standards and implementation specifications CS Convergence Sublayer The general procedures and functions that convert between ATM and non ATM formats This describes the functions of the upper half of the AAL layer This is also used to describe the conversion functions between non ATM protocols such as frame relay or SMDS and ATM protocols above the AAL layer CSA Canadian Standard Association A non profit independent organization which operates a listing service for electrical and electronic materials and equipment CSU Channel Service Unit An interface for digital leased lines which performs loopback testing and line conditioning CT Conformance Test Testing to determine whether an implementation complies with the specifications of a standard and exhibits the behaviors mandated by that standard CTD Cell Transfer Delay This is defined as the elapsed time between a cell exit event at the measurement point 1 e g at the source UNI and the corresponding cell entry event at measurement point 2 e g the destination UNI for a particular connection The cell transfer delay between two measurement points is the sum of the total inter ATM node transmission delay and the total ATM node processing delay B 20 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary D D DA Destination Address Inf
129. iew 3 4 Power Switch This switch is used to turn the ATM Switch on and off DC Power Connector This connector is used to connect the power cable Power Unit Fastening Screw This screw is used to fasten the power unit to the main unit and ground the ground wire inside the main unit for safety be power connacbor Power partch r Figure 3 2 Back View of the ATM Switch Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Nomenclature and Functions Description and Function of Components Description and Function of Components Switch CPU Card JT TT EE a qd Figure 3 3 Front View of the Switch CPU Card Power Ready Alarm Indicator Lights These lamps indicate the status of the switch CPU card POWER Lighted Power on Off Power off Lighted Operating properly Flashing Undergoing diagnosis Off Error occurred Lighted Error occurred Off Operating properly RESET Button This button is used to reset the switch CPU card RS 232C Connector This is a 9 pin D SUB connector used by service personnel to connect a Maintenance Administration Terminal MAT ALARM Out This connector is used to connect an external device for notifying the occurrence of an irregular condition in the hardware e g speaker or alarm notification lamp Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 3 5 NTP 297 8103 903 Description and Function of Components Nom
130. in a Central Office environment shielded cables and connectors must be used Coaxial Cables Coaxial cables are connected with BNC connectors Coaxial cables are used for 6 3M J2 45M DS3 and 34M E3 6 3M uses a 3C 2V coaxial cable to transmit cells up to 200 m The type and quantity of cables differ from one line card to another Prepare the necessary cables in necessary quantities and connect the line cards Be careful of the cable type single mode or multi mode and the transmission reception direction when connecting optical fiber cable and the transmission reception direction when connecting coaxial cable Whatever the cable type be sure to connect them securely Always hold the connector when connecting or disconnecting cable Holding the cable or pulling on the cable may cause disconnection Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 7 13 NTP 297 8103 903 Inserting PCMCIA Cards Installation MAT Connection Connect the MAT to the ATM Switch Refer to Physical Connection of MAT on page 9 3 Inserting PCMCIA Cards Insert a PCMCIA ATA card into the PCMCIA card slot in the front of the switch CPU card cc pr Figure 7 11 Inserting ATA Card 7 14 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Installation Turning Power On and Off Turning Power On and Off Connecting the Power Cable This section describes the procedures for connecting the power cable to the ATM Switch and t
131. ing the self test verify that the prompt is gt and go to the next step If a switch name had been previously identified it would be located to the left of the prompt ulf errors were encountered during the self test turn the power off verify that everything is installed properly and turn the power back on At this point the operator is not logged into the privileged mode of the switch 3 Enter a question mark The question mark is a help request and can be entered at any point in a valid command Exception during some configuration subroutines help cannot be accomplished without exiting the command To continue viewing possible com mands hit any key to stop type q 4 Loginto privileged mode by typing the following command ENABLE During the initial setup the enable and Telnet passwords should be set An initial password must be assigned to enter privileged mode but it can be changed later by using the PASSWD and TELNETPASSWD commands Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Basic Configuration and Setup Hardware Installation and Connection 5 Enteranew enable password and press RETURN Enter the password again to verify 6 Enter Telnet password and press RETURN Enter the password again to verify NOTE Do not lose these passwords Once in privileged mode the prompt changes from gt to All commands are available in privileged mode The next steps set the basic con
132. intenance that must be performed after the ATM Switch is put into operation In general the following two tasks are required for the operation maintenance and management of the ATM Switch m Check to make sure that the ATM Switch is operating properly m Take action when a fault is found The system manager of the ATM Switch should perform the following periodic inspection to make sure that the ATM Switch is operating properly m Check visually m Check with commands m Diagnose the equipment In addition when a fault is detected in the ATM Switch take appropriate action The user does not need to control the equipment once operation begins The user merely needs to carefully read the Precautions on Handling the Product and the Handling Precautions in the following sections and provide an environment around the equipment so that the ATM Switch can function properly When an error occurs to the equipment during operation the ALARM LED on the front of the equipment will light In this case promptly call the system manager Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 9 9 NTP 297 8103 903 Periodic Maintenance Maintenance and Operations Backing up Configuration Data It is recommended that configuration data be backed up any time there have been changes made to the switch configuration that are intended to be permanent Ethernet Interface 1 Connect the TFTP server and the switch Ethernet port to a common Ethernet ne
133. ion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual A 1 NTP 297 8103 903 Specifications Specifications and Standards Traffic Control Simultaneously Established Channels m P to P PVC 8K connection including multipoint PV C hardware m Multipoint PVC 1K endpoint hardware m P to P SVC 1K connection including multipoint SVC hardware m Multipoint SVC 1K endpoint hardware PVC Setting Method m Established according to the fixed path information in the PCMCIA ATA card or downloaded from external source SVC Signaling Method m ATM Forum UNI 3 0 3 1 4 0 Ver 1 0 NMS Interface SNMP OAM Cell Loopback cell control m RDI AIS cell control Policing Control m Dual Leaky Bucket method UPC 1K connection line Congestion Control m ABR m EPD Priority Control m Cell loss priority control 2 classes m Cell delay priority control 5 classes Traffic Performance Monitoring Counts passing error cells for each line Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Specifications and Standards Specifications Line Maximum Line Speed m 622 Mbps line Number of ATM Line Slots m 4 slots hot swappable can be inserted or removed live Types of Lines Accommodated m 622M OC 12c STM4 SMF a SC connector 1 line card m 155M OC 3c STM 1 MMF a SC connector 1 line card m 155M OC 3c STM 1 SMF SR a SC connector 4 lines card m 155M OC 3c STM 1 SMF LR a SC connector 1 line card m 155M STS 3
134. is used as the backbone network of a router IP45 or a switching hub ATM Switch 3 for interworking such LANs as Ethernet Token Ring and FDDI In this case the throughout is 2 5 Gbps A router or a switching hub with an ATM interface may be connected directly to ATM Switch Those without an ATM interface may be connected to the ATM Switch via DSU ATM LAN By installing ATM NIC on a PC Personal Computer WS Work Station and using ATM Switch the LAN built with Ethernet etc can be used as an ATM LAN with maximum throughput of 2 5 Gbps 2 4 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 What is the Centillion 1200N Switch What is ATM What is ATM Method of Expansion The number of lines accommodated can be increased by connecting a number of ATM Switch units Line interface can be used to connect the ATM Switch units An interface dedicated to connections between units is not necessary When a number of the ATM Switch units are connected to increase the number of lines the actual number of lines accommodated is the total number of lines less the number of lines between the units ATM or Asynchronous Transfer Mode is a communication method that will serve as the basis for tomorrow s communication network B ISDN In ATM all data in the network are exchanged in fixed length 53 byte blocks called cells This allows much faster and broader communications compared to the conventional STM or packet switching
135. itch LANE server and IPOA ARP server functions can be used by installing a server card in the line slot LANE conforms to ATM Forum and IPOA to RFC1577 Fan una Line card Front Plate Power uniti Power unt 11 Sew chc PU card FOMCA card RE 2320 parl PCMCIA card ajector button RESET tution ifor shot 0 ALARM OUT FOCMCIA card POWER LED epecior button READY LED for alot MD ALARM LED Figure 3 1 Front View of the ATM Switch front mask removed Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Nomenclature and Functions Nomenclature of the ATM Switch RESET Button This is used to reset the switch CPU card ALARM OUT An external device for notifying the user of a problem with the ATM Switch e g speaker or alarm lamp is connected to this connector Power LED The POWER LED lights green when power is on and turns off when power is off Ready LED The READY LED turns on when the equipment is operating properly and turns off when an error occurs It also flashes during diagnosis Alarm LED The ALARM LED lights red when an error occurs in the equipment PCMCIA Card Slot This slot is used to install an ATA flash disk card for storing software or system configuration data or a LAN card optional for connecting the hardware to Ethernet Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 3 3 NTP 297 8103 903 Nomenclature of the ATM Switch Nomenclature and Functions Back V
136. l Technical And Support Center NTAC at 800 538 8166 for repair and or warranty information If the trouble is causing harm to the telephone network the telephone company may request that you remove the equipment form the network until the problem is resolved NO REPAIRS CAN BE DONE BY THE CUSTOMER IC CS03 Certification Canada Certification number 140 8642 Load Number of the equipment N A NOTICE The Industry Canada label identifies certified equipment The certification means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective operational and safety requirements The department does not guarantee the equipment will operate to the user s satisfaction Before installing the equipment users should ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of the local telecommunications company The equipment must also be installed using an acceptable method of connection In some cases the companies inside wiring associated with a single line individual service may be extended by means of a certified connector assembly telephone extension cord The customer should be aware that compliance with the above conditions may not prevent degradation of service in some situation Repairs to certified equipment should b made by an authorized Canadian maintenance facility designated by the supplier Any repairs or installations made by the user to this equipment or equipment malfunctions may give the telecommunicati
137. l time VBR NRZ Non Return to Zero A binary encoding scheme in which ones and zeroes are represented by opposite and alternating high and low voltages and where there is no return to a zero reference voltage between encoded bits NRZ is now used as an encryption scheme for getting data onto and off hard disk fast It eliminates the need for clock pulses and yields up to 18 5 kilobytes per track and high read write speeds NSAP Network Service Access Point OSI generic standard for a network address consisting of 20 octets ATM has specified E 164 for public network addressing and the NSAP address structure for private network addresses NSR Non Source Routed Frame forwarding through a mechanism other than Source Route Bridging Newton s Telecom Dictionary Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 51 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B 52 NT Network Termination Network Termination represents the termination point of a Virtual Channel Virtual Path or Virtual Path Virtual Channel at the UNI NTSC National Television System Committee An industry group that defines how television signals are encoded and transmitted in the US Nucleus The interior reference point of a logical node in the PNNI complex node representation nx64K This refers to a circuit bandwidth or speed provided by the aggregation of nx64 kbps channels where nz integer gt 1 The 64K or DSO channel is the basic rate provided by the T Car
138. la whase addresses multiplexing in headers and their own address numbers match are passed through the filters Figure 4 1 ATM Switch 4 2 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Hardware Specifications Hardware Configuration and Overview of Functions Hardware Configuration and Overview of Functions The ATM switch accommodates up to 16 ATM lines per unit and performs nonblock switching of fixed length data 53 bytes called ATM cells Shown below are the functional blocks that comprise the ATM Switch Line Card Switch CPU Card Line Interface Unit Line Buffer L I CLK q P PHY LET Y H L M IXB U AT E S gt ASW x4 Server Card Server Unit FR Buffer RS232C 73 4 Ethernet CPU PHY Physical Layer Termination CLK Master Clock MUX Multiplexer Demultiplexer ASW ATM Switch ALT ATM Layer Termination GWPAD Gateway PAD IXB Input Expandable Buffer CPU Central Processing Unit OXB Output Expandable Buffer CPU Central Processing Unit SAR Segmentation and Reassembly HT Header Translator FRCTL Frame Control SDRAM Synchronous DRAM Figure 4 2 Functional Block Diagram The principal processes performed in each functional block in the switch CPU card are described below m GWPAD controls the assembly and
139. layer routing protocols Routing Computation The process of applying a mathematical algorithm to a topology database to compute routes There are many types of routing computations that may be used The Djikstra algorithm is one particular example of a possible routing computation Routing Constraint A generic term that refers to either a topology constraint or a path constraint Routing Information Protocol Based on distance vector algorithms that measure the shortest path between two points on a network based on the addresses of the originating and destiantion devices The shortest path is determined by the number of hops between those points Each router maintains a routing table or routing database of known addresses and routes each router periodically broadcasts the contents of its table to neighboring routers in order that the entire network can maintain a synchronized database Routing Protocol A general term indicating a protocol run between routers and or route servers in order to exchange information used to allow computation of routes The result of the routing computation will be one or more forwarding descriptions RS Remote single layer Test Method An abstract test method in which the upper tester is within the system under test and there is a point of control and observation at the upper service boundary of the Implementation Under Test IUT for testing one protocol layer Test events are specified i
140. lecommunications ITU T is an international body of member countries whose task is to define recommendations and standards relating to the international telecommunications industry The fundamental standards for ATM have been defined and published by the ITU T Previously CCITT ITU H 222 An ITU T Study Group 15 standard that addresses the multiplexing of multimedia data on an ATM network ITU Q 2100 B ISDN Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer Overview ITU Q 2110 B ISDN Adaptation Layer Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol ITU Q 2130 B ISDN Adaptation Layer Service Specific Connection Oriented Function for Support of Signaling at the UNI Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary J K ITU Q 2931 The signaling standard for ATM to support Switched Virtual Connections This is based on the signaling standard for ISDN ITU Q 931 The signaling standard for ISDN to support SVCs The basis for the signaling standard developed for Frame Relay and ATM ITU Q 933 The signaling standard for Frame Relay to support SVCs This is based on the signaling standard for ISDN IUT Implementation Under Test The particular portion of equipment which is to be studied for testing The implementation may include one or more protocols IXB Input eXpandable Buffer J K Joining The phase in which the LE Client establishes its control connections to the LE Server JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group An ISO St
141. ler EMI Electromagnetic Interference Equipment used in high speed data systems including ATM that generate and transmit many signals in the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum Interference to other equipment or radio services may result if sufficient power from these signals escape the equipment enclosures or transmission media National and international regulatory agencies FCC CISPR etc set limits for these emissions Class A is for industrial use and Class B is for residential use EMI RFI ElectroMagnetic Interface Radio Frequency Interface A circuit or device containing series inductive load bearing and parallel capacitive non load bearing components which provide a low impedance path for high frequency noise around a protected circuit EML Element Management Layer An abstraction of the functions provided by systems that manage each network element on an individual basis EMS Element Management System A management system that provides functions at the element Management Layer EOM End of Message An indicator used in the AAL that identifies the last ATM cell containing information from a data packet that has been segmented Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 25 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B 26 EN European Norm End Station These devices e g hosts or PCs enable the communication between ATM end stations and end stations on legacy LAN or among ATM end stations
142. lications If you want to keep the default interface configuration you can skip this section 1 Display the current configuration of the interfaces DISPLAY interface Line Interface Physical layer Forum ITU Unassigned Idle Valid VPI VCI 00 pri UNI dependent on card type gt ATM Forum Unassigned 6 8 01 pri UNI dependent on card type gt ATM Forum Unassigned 6 8 02 pri UNI dependent on card type gt ATM Forum Unassigned 6 8 03 pri UNI dependent on card type gt ATM Forum Unassigned 6 8 To display only a particular interface use the following command DISPLAY interface slot number port number The default response should look something like this Line 00 Interface type pri UNI Physical layer dependent on card type Forum ITU ATM Forum Unassigned Idle Unassigned Valid VPI 6 Valid VCI 8 Because the default configuration is already active and in service you must remove all connections before changing a port configuration Suspend SVC activity for the port that you are modifying SET svcline slot number port number vpi number suspend Example SET SVCline 23 0 suspend Delete the ILMI signaling PVC connection DELETE ilmi slot number port number vpi number This command deletes the ILMI PVC connection for the specified port The default VPI VCI of ILMI is 0 16 Example DELETE ILMI 23 0 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 8 5 NTP 297 8103 903 Ongoing Configuration
143. line card shares one input buffer 32 000 cell capacity and one output buffer 32 000 cell capacity Shaping Shaping is a function that schedules cell transfer so it complies with the communication rate and traffic parameters declared by each connection This function ensures that even bursty data are transferred at a consistent rate without being discarded and that the network bands are used efficiently The ATM Switch allows one of eight stages of shaping to be set for each port Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 5 7 NTP 297 8103 903 Hardware Management Software Specifications Monitoring Monitoring is a function that reads the cell counter of the hardware It checks the total number of cells exchanged in the ATM Switch the number of error cells and the number of discarded cells etc When an overflow occurs at 4 billion cells the cell counter stops counting cells The information on the ATM Switch traffic and performance can be checked for each line connection or line physical level by inputting the command DISPLAY traffic from a MAT For details on the DISPLAY traffic command refer to the appropriate Command Manual Hardware Management The hardware management unit controls the following Static hardware configuration Dynamic hardware configuration operation status management Hardware revision Software revision Own IP address NMS address Connection related parameter control e g the number of
144. ll by its having to be buffered because of unavailability of resources to pass the cell onto the next network function or element This buffering could be a result of oversubscription of a physical link or due to a connection of higher priority or tighter service constraints getting the resource of the physical link QoS Quality of Service Quality of Service is defined on an end to end basis in terms of the following attributes of the end to end ATM connection e Cell Loss Ratio e Cell Transfer Delay e Cell Delay Variation Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 61 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B 62 RBOC Regional Bell Operating Company Seven companies formed to manage the local exchanges originally owned by AT amp T These companies were created as a result of an agreement between AT amp T and the United States Department of Justice RD Routing Domain A group of topologically contiguous systems which are running one instance of routing RDF Rate Decrease Factor An ABR service parameter RDF controls the decrease in the cell transmission rate RDF is a power of 2 from 1 32 768 to 1 Registration The address registration function is the mechanism by which Clients provide address information to the LAN Emulation Server Relaying A function of a layer by means of which a layer entity receives data from a corresponding entity and transmits it to another corresponding entity RFC Request For Comment The develo
145. mance of the link FEC Forward Error Correction A technique for detection and correction of errors in a digital data stream B 28 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary F FECN Forward Explicit Congestion Notification This bit notifies the user that congestion avoidance procedures should be initiated were applicable for traffic in the same direction as the received frame This bit notifies the user that congestion avoidance procedures should be initiated were applicable for traffic in the same direction as the received frame It indicates that this frame on this logical connection has encountered congested resources FERF Far End Receive Failure FG Functional Group A collection of functions related in such a way that they will be provided by a single logical component Examples include the Route Server Functional Group RSFG the IASG Internetwork Address Sub Group Coordination Functional Group ICFG the Edge Device Functional Group EDFG and the ATM attached host Behavior Functional Group AHFG FIFO First in First out All telephone networks are a trade off It s simply to expensive to build a phone network which will be ready to give everyone dial tone and a circuit if everyone picked up the phone simultaneously and tried to make a call There are basically two ways of handling calls which cannot be sent on their way i e for which there s no present available capacity First yo
146. manually ILMI is a function for learning the configuration data of neighboring equipment when an end system is connected to a switch or when a switch is connected to another switch The ILMI function includes a switch terminal address registration function This function is triggered by a trap The switch adds the inherent address of each terminal to its network prefix and registers the result as the ATM address of each terminal A switch prepares dynamic routing tables by this address registration function Figure 5 3 illustrates the procedure of ILMI address registration Desinadlion line No di Figure 5 3 ILMI Address Registration Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Software Specifications Routing PNNI Functions PNNI is a function whereby switches in a network exchange information to automatically prepare a dynamic routing table and route cells by referring to that table Such information is exchanged periodically or whenever there is a change The information is used by each switch to prepare a dynamic routing table between PNNIs that reflects network status in a timely fashion Figure 5 4 illustrates the procedure by which the PNNI function prepares a dynamic routing table Centillion Figure 5 4 Generating Dynamic Routing Table by PNNI Function Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 5 5 NTP 297 8103 903 Traffic Management Software Specifications T
147. meter Port 10 Port 11 Port 12 Port 13 Interface Type MMF SMF UTP5 TAXI Port Name UNI or NNI Network or User VPI of bits VCI of bits UNI Version 3 0 3 1 4 0 SVC Signaling Y N ILMI Y N ILMI Address Registration Y N ELAN Name if applicable PNNI or IISP if applicable Possible Clock Source Y N Internal or External Reachable Address Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Port Configuration Worksheet Worksheets Parameter Interface Type MMF SMF UTP5 TAXI Port 20 Port 21 Port 22 Port 23 Port Name UNI or NNI Network or User VPI of bits VCI of bits UNI Version 3 0 3 1 4 0 SVC Signaling Y N ILMI Y N ILMI Address Registration Y N ELAN Name if applicable PNNI or IISP if applicable Internal or External Reachable Address Parameter Interface Type MMF SMF UTP5 TAXI Port 30 Port 31 Port 32 Port 33 Port Name UNI or NNI Network or User VPI of bits VCI of bits UNI Version 3 0 3 1 4 0 SVC Signaling Y N ILMI Y N ILMI Address Registration Y N ELAN Name if applicable PNNI or IISP if applicable Internal or External Reachable Address Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903
148. mits these buffers in a burst to a packet switch network The PAD also disassembles packets from the network and emits the data to the non packet device Parent Node The logical group node that represents the containing peer group of a specific node at the next higher level of the hierarchy Parent Peer Group The parent peer group of a peer group is the one containing the logical group node representing that peer group The parent peer group of a node is the one containing the parent node of that node Path Constraint A bound on the combined value of a topology metric along a path for a specific connection B 54 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary PBX Private Branch eXchange PBX is the term given to a device which provides private local voice switching and voice related services within the private network A PBX could have an ATM API to utilize ATM services for example Circuit Emulation Service PC Protocol Control Protocol Control is a mechanism which a given application protocol may employ to determine or control the performance and health of the application Example protocol liveness may require that protocol control information be sent at some minimum rate some applications may become intolerable to users if they are unable to send at least at some minimum rate For such applications the concept of MCR is defined Refer to MCR PCM Pulse Code Modulation An audio encoding algori
149. n Refer to Aggregation Token Link Attribute A link state parameter that is considered individually to determine whether a given link is acceptable and or desirable for carrying a given connection Link Connection A link connection e g at the VP level is a connection capable of transferring information transparently across a link without adding any overhead such as cells for purposes for monitoring It is delineated by connection points at the boundary of the subnetwork B 40 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary Link Constraint A restriction on the use of links for path selection for a specific connection Link Metric A link parameter that requires the values of the parameter for all links along a given path to be combined to determine whether the path is acceptable and or desirable for carrying a given connection Link State Parameter Information that captures an aspect or property of a link LLC Logic Link Control A protocol developed by the IEEE 802 2 committee for data link level transmission control It is the upper sublayer of the IEEE Layer 2 OSI protocol that compliments the MAC protocol IEEE standard 802 2 includes end system addressing and error checking It also provides a common access control standard and governs the assembly of data packets and their exchange between data stations independent of how the packets are transmitted on the LAN LNNI LANE NNI The standardiz
150. n terms of the abstract service primitives ASP and or protocol data units at the lower tester PCO 1 Newton s Telecom Dictionary B 64 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary RS 232C A set of standards specifying various electrical and mechanical characteristics for interfaces between computers terminals and modems The RS 232 C standard which was developed by the EIA Electrical Industries Association defines the mechanical and electrical characteristics for connecting DTE and DCE data communications devices It defines what the interface does circuit functions and their corresponding connector pin assignments The standard applies to both synchronous and asynchronous binary data transmission RSE Remote Single layer Embedded Test Method An abstract test method in which the upper tester is within the system under test and there is a point of control and observation at the upper service boundary of the Implementation Under Test IUT for testing a protocol layer or sublayer which is part of a multi protocol IUT RSFG Route Server Functional Group The group of functions performed to provide internetworking level functions in an MPOA System This includes running conventional interworking Routing Protocols and providing inter IASG destination resolution RTC Runtime Control An SCSA definition The mechanism by which one Resource Object can influence the behavior of another Typically used f
151. n the respective multiplex hierarchies PDU Protocol Data Unit A PDU is a message of a given protocol comprising payload and protocol specific control information typically contained in a header PDUs pass over the protocol interfaces which exist between the layers of protocols per OSI model Peer Entities Entities within the same layer Peer Group Level The number of significant bits in the peer group identifier of a particular peer group Peer Node A node that is a member of the same peer group as a given node PES Packetized Elementary Stream In MPEG 2 after the media stream has been digitized and compressed it is formatted into packets before it is multiplexed into either a Program Stream or Transport Stream PG Peer Group A set of logical nodes which are grouped for purposes of creating a routing hierarchy PTSEs are exchanged among all members of the group PGI Peer Group Identifier A string of bits that is used to unambiguously identify a peer group PGL Peer Group Leader A node which has been elected to perform some of the functions associated with a logical group node Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary P PHY OSI Physical Layer The physical layer provides for transmission of cells over a physical medium connecting two ATM devices This physical layer is comprised of two sublayers the PMD Physical Medium Dependent sublayer and the TC Transmission Converg
152. n with the destination terminal and has not cached the ATM address of the destination terminal it sends to the ARP server an address resolution request with the destination terminal s IP address 3 The ARP server after receiving the address resolution request checks the ARP table to see if there is an entry corresponding to the IP address If there is the ARP server notifies the terminal of the ATM address corresponding to the received IP address Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 What is the Centillion 1200N Switch ARP The transmission terminal after receiving the ATM address of the destination terminal from the ARP server uses the ATM address to establish a direct SVC connection to the destination terminal This SVC connection is used until the data communication to the destination terminal is completed When the communication is completed this SVC is released The ATM address of the destination terminal obtained from the ARP server is cached in the transmission terminal and retained for a certain duration Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 2 11 NTP 297 8103 903 ARP What is the Centillion 1200N Switch This page is for your notes 2 12 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Nomenclature and Functions This chapter describes the names and functions of each part of the ATM Switch m Nomenclature m Description and function of components m Slot number of eac
153. nal SET shaper slot number port number shaper number 1 8 PCR Example SET shaper 02 1 1412830 1412830 1412830 The example defines shaper 1 for port 02 with maximum PCR SCR and MBS Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Basic Configuration and Setup Ongoing Configuration Define a PVC PVC establish traffic direction traffic type originating slot number originating port number vpi vci destination slot number destination port number vpi vci orig dest UPC mode orig dest shaper number profile name dest orig UPC mode dest orig shaper number profile name Example PVC ESTABLISH 0 4 02 0 70 03 0 70 1 O PVC1 1 0 PVC1 The example is a bi directional UBR PVC from port 02 to port 03 with UPC mode of 1 and no shaper assigned It is using the profile PVCI Once defined the PVC becomes operational To examine the PVC perform the command DISPLAY pvc slot number port number Refer to the DISPLAY pvc command in the Command Manual Save the configuration optional SAVE When changing the configuration it is always a good idea to save the configura Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 8 9 NTP 297 8103 903 Setting up LAN Emulation Basic Configuration and Setup Setting up LAN Emulation The following shows an example of LAN emulation with two ATM switches interconnected and a LAN emulation client attached to each switch LAN emulation a
154. nection with existing LAN in an ATM network environment The card is mounted on ATM Switches which serves as the core of an ATM network to provide LANE server ARP server and NHRP server functions Following are features of the server card m Provides server functions conforming to various specifications The software that provides the LAN emulation server functions is installed in the card with a built in CPU to facilitate the construction of LAN emulation By installing software with ARP server and NHRP server functions it is possible to eliminate bandwidth waste caused by conventional broadcast address solution and improve the capacity of the network as a whole m Hot Swappable The server card can be inserted into or removed from the ATM switching system without affecting its switching functions m Processor to processor communication function Reciprocal communication is realized between the CPU in the server card and the CPU in the switching system This function allows the switching system to control the server card and also to control in an integrated fashion the switching system along with other network equipment with an NMS Network Management System m Allows the installation of several server cards A number of server cards can be installed on a single ATM Switch Consequently this facilitates the scalable expansion of the server according to network size and enables the server to be operated in a redundant configur
155. ned cell 0 X 1 0 2 meta signalling default VPIz0 0 x 2 0 3 id general broadcast signalling default VPIz0 0 X 3 0 2 E segment OAM F4 0 X 4 0 2 id end to end OAM F4 0 X 5 0 3 point to point signalling default VPI20 0 X 16 5 ILMI Interim Local Management Interface 0 user data cell no congestion SDU type 0 1 user data cell congestion SDU type 1 any 2 user data cell congestion SDU type 0 0 value 3 ig user data cell no congestion SDU type 1 omer 4 i segment OAM F5 0 5 end to end OAM F5 6 d reserved for traffic cont and resource man 7 J reserved normal priority 1 lower priority Figure 6 11 ATM Cell Format 6 10 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Installation This section describes procedures for installing the ATM Switch Check the contents of the package and move the ATM Move to installation site gt Switch to installation site or mount on optional chassis v Connect the cables communications power cable and RS 2320 cable to the ATM Switch Connect MAT to the other end of the RS 232C cable Connect the cables v L Insert the PCMCIA card into the ATM Switch Turn on the power Turn on the power v Set data Set the system configuration data For details refer to Command Manual v Check operation gt Run operation test to make sure the ATM Switch is running properly v Begin operation
156. nk A that is created due to the existence of an uplink B in the child peer group represented by the node that created uplink A Both A and B share the same upnode which is higher in the PNNI hierarchy than the peer group in which uplink A is seen Inside Link Synonymous with horizontal link Instance ID A subset of an object s attributes which serve to uniquely identify a MIB instance Newton s Telecom Dictionary Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary Interior Denotes that an item e g link node or reachable address is inside of a PNNI routing domain Internal Reachable Address An address of a destination that is directly attached to the logical node advertising the address IOP Interoperability The ability of equipment from different manufacturers or different implementations to operate together IP Internet Protocol Originally developed by the Department of Defense to support interworking of dissimilar computers across a network This protocol works in conjunction with TCP and is usually identified as TCP IP A connectionless protocol that operates at the network layer layer 3 of the OSI model IPOA IP Over ATM IPX Novell Internetwork Packet Exchange A built in networking protocol for Novell Netware It was derived from the Xerox Network System protocol and operates at the network layer of the OSI protocol model IS Intermediate System A syst
157. nly after finishing the preceding one Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing A multiplexing technique in which a transmission capability is organized in a prior unassigned time slots The time slots are assigned to cells upon request of each application s instantaneous real need ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode A transfer mode in which the information is organized into cells It is asynchronous in the sense that the recurrence of cells containing information from an individual user is not necessarily periodic ATM is a high bandwidth low delay connection oriented packet like switching and multiplexing technique which will form the basis for future offering of Broadband ISDN B ISDN Usable capacity is segmented into 53 byte fixed size cells consisting of header and information fields allocated to services on demand Newton s Telecom Dictionary Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 7 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary ATM Address Defined in the UNI Specification as 3 formats each having 20 bytes in length including country area and end system identifiers ATM Layer Link A section of an ATM Layer connection between two adjacent active ATM Layer entities ATM entities ATM Link A virtual path link VPL or a virtual channel link VCL ATM NIC ATM Network Interface Card Electronic circuitry connecting a workstation to a network Usually a card that fits into one of the expansion slots inside a personal compute
158. nual NTP 297 8103 903 Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Procedures Alarm Error Number Line Card 6 3M J2 Alarm Type Number Part Nature of Error Path Alarm 020001 MUX TX UTOPIA level 2 parity error Clock Alarm 020002 MUX TX UTOPIA level 2 operation clock interruption Clock Alarm 020005 MUX Transmission clock interruption Clock Alarm 020006 MUX PLO transmission clock interruption Path Alarm 030001 CFAD UCFAD reception FIFO overflow Path Alarm 030002 CFAD UCFAD transmission FIFO overflow Diagnosis NG 150001 LCA LCA Common diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 150002 LCA LCA Separate diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 160001 CFAD UCFAD2 diagnosis NG Alarm Error Number Line Card DS3 and E3 Alarm Type Number Part Nature of Error Path Alarm 020001 MUX UTOPIA level 2 parity error Clock Alarm 020002 MUX 50 MHz clock interruption Path Alarm 060007 MUX UTOPIA level 1 parity error 40 Path Alarm 060008 MUX UTOPIA level 1 parity error 1 Clock Alarm 060001 MUX Input 8KHz clock interruption Path Alarm 080001 FRAMER FRAMER O reception FIFO underflow Path Alarm 080002 FRAMER FRAMER O reception FIFO overflow Path Alarm 080003 FRAMER FRAMER 0 transmission FIFO overflow Path Alarm 080101 FRAMER FRAMER 1 reception FIFO underflow Path Alarm 080102 FRAMER FRAMER 1 reception FIFO overflow Path Alarm 0801
159. o called Digital Service Unit DTE Data Terminal Equipment A generic definition of external networking interface equipment such as a modem DTL Designated Transit List A list of nodes and optional link IDs that completely specify a path across a single PNNI peer group DTL Originator The first switching system within the entire PNNI routing domain to build the initial DTL stack for a given connection Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 23 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B 24 DTL Terminator The last switching system within the entire PNNI routing domain to process the connection and thus the connection s DTL DXI Data Exchange Interface A variable length frame based ATM interface between a DTE and a special ATM CSU DSU The ATM CSU DSU converts between the variable length DXI frames and the fixed length ATM cells E 164 A public network addressing standard utilizing up to a maximum of 15 digits ATM uses E 164 addressing for public network addressing E1 Also known as CEPT1 the 2 048 Mbps rate used by European CEPT carrier to transmit 30 64 kbps digital channels for voice or data calls plus a 64 kbps signaling channel and a 64 kbps channel for framing and maintenance E3 Also known as CEPT3 the 34 368 Mbps rate used by European CEPT carrier to transmit 16 CEPTIs plus overhead Edge Device A physical device which is capable of forwarding packets between legacy interworking interfaces e g Eth
160. o either a link parameter or a nodal parameter TP MIC Twisted Pair Media Interface Connector This refers to the connector jack at the end user or network equipment that receives the twisted pair plug TPCC Third Party Call Control A connection setup and management function that is executed from a third party that is not involved in the data flow Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 79 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B 80 Trail An entity that transfers information provided by a client layer network between access points in a server layer network The transported information is monitored at the termination points Trailer Protocol control information located at the end of a PDU Transit Delay The time difference between the instant at which the first bit of a PDU crosses one designated boundary and the instant at which the last bit of the same PDU crosses a second designated boundary Trap A function performed by switch software to catch or trap errors changes failures or problems with the switch software or hardware The trap information is sent to a network management station Trm An ABR service parameter that provides an upper bound on the time between forward RM cells for an active source It is 100 times a power of two with a range of 100 2 7 to 100 20 TS Transport Stream One of two types of streams produced by the MPEG 2 Systems layer The Transport Stream consists of 188 byte packets and can
161. o realize the best suited SVC routing for the given network condition This table is generated and changed manually static routing table or automatically generated by the ILMI function and the PNNI function dynamic routing table Both types of connection can be set to either point to point connection or point to multipoint connection Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 5 1 NTP 297 8103 903 Connection Management Software Specifications The number of connections per system is as follows m Point to point PVC 8 000 connections m Point to multipoint PVC 1 000 connections m Point to point SVC 4 000 connections m Point to multipoint SVC 1 000 end points The ATM Switch also supports two connections Soft PVC and tunneling that take advantage of the characteristics of PVC and SVC mentioned above Soft PVC is a PVPC Permanent Virtual Path Connection or a PVCC Permanent Virtual Circuit Connection that is established by SVC procedure over several switches The ATM Switch allows the user to register up to 64 Soft PVCs To use the Soft PVC service the remote side switch must be a NETNEX ATM Switch Tunneling is a connection that is established over a PVP Permanent Virtual Path network e g existing public network that does not support SVC A VP Virtual Path is established in a physical link that connects the switches in a PVP network and the VP is used as a tunneling path The switch edge switch that i
162. of the fault may be determined by the number of times the lamp flashes Flash Count Error 1 ROM check sum SKM G A register check Super I O register check DRAM memory check Serial register check o c1 C nm Serial loopback RCV INS LEDs on line cards Available for each line these lamps indicate the status of that particular line RCV red INS green Status Off Lighted Line status normal Lighted Off Line error reception error Off Flashing Line error transmission error Off Off Hardware error Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 11 3 Error Detection Troubleshooting Detection by The diagnosis program can be started by the following processes Diagnosis m Power on reset Switch CPU card reset m Diagnosis command When the diagnosis is no good the error information can be verified by executing the DISPLAY status or DISPLAY alarm commands 11 4 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Procedures Troubleshooting Procedures When ALARM LED is Lighted Hardware Error 1 4 When the ALARM LED lights red while operating the ATM Switch follow the instructions below Connect the MAT to the ATM Switch See Physical Connection of MAT on page 9 3 Turn on the MAT s power and set its communication parameters See Setting the MAT on page 9 6 Enter th
163. on 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 57 NTP 297 8103 903 P Glossary PLL Phase Lock Loop Phase Lock Loop is a mechanism whereby timing information is transferred within a data stream and the receiver derives the signal element timing by locking its local clock source to the received timing information PLO Phase Locked Oscillator PM Physical Medium Physical Medium refers to the actual physical interfaces Several interfaces are defined including STS 1 STS 3c STS 12c STM 1 STM 4 DS1 E1 DS2 E3 DS3 E4 FDDI based Fiber Channel based and STP These range in speeds from 1 544Mbps through 622 08 Mbps PMD Physical Media Dependent This sublayer defines the parameters at the lowest level such as speed of the bits on the media PNI Permit Next Increase An ABR service parameter PNI is a flag controlling the increase of ACR upon reception of the next backward RM cell PNI 0 inhibits increase The range is O or 1 PNNI Private Network Network Interface A routing information protocol that enables extremely scalable full function dynamic multi vendor ATM switches to be integrated in the same network PNNI Protocol Entity The body of software in a switching system that executes the PNNI protocol and provides the routing service PNNI Routing Control Channel VCCs used for the exchange of PNNI routing protocol messages PNNI Routing Domain A group of topologically contiguous systems which are running one instance of PNNI routing B 58
164. onding to slots in which a line card is installed Also confirm that the ALARM LED in the lower right area of the ATM Switch is not lighted Shown below is a sample output when the ATM Switch is started The system is coming up now If you want to enter boot program push ESC key immediately If the ESC key is detected within 3 seconds boot program is loaded Otherwise online program will be loaded from the flash memory ATA0 00000000 dram a0020000 size 00000200 ATA0 200001000 dram a0030000 size 200007000 ATA0 00008000 dram a0038000 size 00008000 Nortel Networks Corporation ATM Service Node Model 5E Software Version X X X Boot Program Version X XX DD MM YY Hardware Configuration CPU Board OK Switch Board OK PCMCIA 00 ATA OK PCMCIA 01 LAN OK Slot 00 OC 3C MMF OK Slot 01 OC 3C MMF OK Slot 02 Not Installeg Slot 03 Not Installeg System Initialization Complete Figure 7 13 Sample MAT Display when ATM Switch is Started 7 16 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Installation Turning Power On and Off Turning the Power Off A PRECAUTION Power Source and Power Consumption Procedures for turning off the ATM Switch s power are shown below 1 Turn off the power switch on the back of the equipment If the power unit is redundant turn off both power switches 2 Confirm that the POWER LED and the READY LED in the lower right a
165. onnection Admission Control e Feedback Control e Usage Parameter Control e Priority Control e Traffic Shaping e Network Resource Management e Frame Discard Available Bit Rate ABR Flow Control TMP Test Management Protocol A protocol which is used in the test coordination procedures for a particular test suite TNS Transit Network Selection A signaling element that identifies a public carrier to which a connection setup should be routed B 78 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary TOF Time Out Factor An ABR service parameter TOF controls the maximum time permitted between sending forward RM cells before a rate decrease is required It is signaled as TOFF where TOF TOFF 1 TOFF is a power of 2 in the range 1 8 to 4 096 TOFF Time Out Factor Refer to TOF Topology Aggregation The process of summarizing and compressing topology information at a hierarchical level to be advertised at the level above Topology Attribute A generic term that refers to either a link attribute or a nodal attribute Topology Constraint A topology constraint is a generic term that refers to either a link constraint or a nodal constraint Topology Database The database that describes the topology of the entire PNNI routing domain as seen by a node Topology Metric A generic term that refers to either a link metric or a nodal metric Topology State Parameter A generic term that refers t
166. ons company cause to request that the user disconnect the equipment Users should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground connections of the power utility telephone lines and internal metallic water pipe system if present are connected together This protection may be particularly important in rural areas CAUTION Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves but should contact the appropriate electric inspection authority or electrician as appropriate CAUTION The act of monitoring or recording telephone conversations under certain circumstances may violate federal or state statutes Consultation with your legal counsel prior to engaging in such practices would be advisable Safety Certifications This equipment has been listed by Underwriters Laboratories and found to comply with all the applicable requirements of the standard for Information Technology equipment UL 1950 3 edition This equipment complies with CSA standard C22 2 No 950 3 edition Table of Contents Table ot LONE ia cbe Xd CEDERE RE EE LEE CE ECC ael i Precautions on Handling the Product 1 1 Precautionary WISN a aia auod db Rd d eR CERE UE Eod led 1 1 Sub COMES cusssdasevhntehexasa id dur bbiirhesad sidera 1 2 PORE DRE 4554s oo 546 oh SS 0 obs TRES he 5 Gee P eres 1 2 DA gtd h cig stays QU OQ sobs tess pq ER I p S 1 2 Operating the Equipment oro dh cose od RRORRERI CEPR E DA FESS 1 3 User es One os 4
167. or as to the cell transfer delay experienced by cells on the connection UCFAD Universal Cell Frame Assembly Disassembly UDP User Datagram Protocol This protocol is part of the TCP IP protocol suite and provides a means for applications to access the connectionless features of IP UDP operates at layer 4 of the OSI reference model and provides for the exchange of data grams without acknowledgements or guaranteed delivery UL Underwriting Laboratory A privately owned company that charges manufacturers a stiff tee to make sure their products meet the safety standards which UL itself develops A UL label on a product has a very specific message It says the product conforms to the safety standards UL has developed nothing more It does not affirm that the product will work Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 81 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B 82 UME UNI Management Entity The software residing in the ATM devices at each end of the UNI circuit that implements the management interface to the ATM network Unassigned Cells A cell identified by a standardized virtual path identifier VPI and virtual channel identifier VCI value which has been generated and does not carry information from an application using the ATM Layer service UNI User Network Interface An interface point between ATM end users and a private ATM switch or between a private ATM switch and the public carrier ATM network defined by physical and
168. or things such as terminating consitions an speed volume control rt VBR Real Time VBR RW Read Write Attributes which are read write can not be written by the PNNI protocol entity Only the Network Management Entity may change the value of a read write attribute The PNNI Protocol Entity is restricted to only reading such read write attributes Read write attributes are typically used to provide the ability for Network Management to configure control and manage a PNNI Protocol Entity s behavior 1 Newton s Telecom Dictionary Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 65 NTP 297 8103 903 S Glossary SA Source Address The address from which the message or data originated SA Source MAC Address A six octet value uniquely identifying an end point and which is sent in an IEEE LAN frame header to indicate source of frame SAAL Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer This resides between the ATM layer and the Q 2931 function The SAAL provides reliable transport of Q 2931 messages between Q 2931 entities e g ATM switch and host over the ATM layer two sublayers common part and service specific part SAP Service Access Point A SAP is used for the following purposes e When the application initiates an outgoing call to a remote ATM device a destination SAP specifies the ATM address of the remote device plus further addressing that identifies the target software entity within the remote device e When the ap
169. ormation sent in the forward direction indicating the address of the called station or customer DA Destination MAC Address A six octet value uniquely identifying an endpoint and which is sent in IEEE LAN frame headers to indicate frame destination Data Connections Data VCCs connect the LECs to each other and to the Broadcast and Unknown Server These carry Ethernet IEEE 802 3 or IEEE 802 5 data frames as well as flush messages DCC Data Country Code This specifies the country in which an address is registered The codes are given in ISO 3166 The length of this field is two octets The digits of the data country code are encoded in Binary Coded Decimal BCD syntax The codes will be left justified and padded on the right with the hexadecimal value F to fill the two octets DCE Data Communication Equipment A generic definition of computing equipment that attaches to a network via a DTE Default Node Representation A single value for each nodal state parameter giving the presumed value between any entry or exit to the logical node and the nucleus Demultiplexing A function performed by a layer entity that identifies and separates SDUs from a single connection to more than one connection DES Destination End Station An ATM termination point which is the destination for ATM messages of a connection and is used as a reference point for ABR services See SES Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 21 NTP 297 8103 903 D Glossary Dijk
170. orward RM cells 1 for backward e RM cells BN 1 for Non Source Generated BECN e RM cells 0 for Source Generated RM cells e Congestion Indicator CI 1 to indicate congestion 0 otherwise NI 1 to indicate no additive increase allowed 0 otherwise RA Not used for ATM Forum Available Bit Rate ABR MTBF Mean Time Between Failures The length of time a user may reasonably expect a device or system to work before an incapacitating fault occurs MTP Message Transfer Part Level 1 through 3 protocols of the SS7 protocol stack MTP 3 Level 3 is used to support BISUP Multicasting The transmit operation of a single PDU by a source interface where the PDU reaches a group of one or more destinations Multiplexing A function within a layer that interleaves the information from multiple connections into one connection Multipoint Access User access in which more than one terminal equipment TE is supported by a single network termination Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 47 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B 48 Multipoint to Multipoint Connection A Multipoint to Multipoint Connection is a collection of associated ATM VC or VP links and their associated nodes with the following properties e All Nodes in the connection called endpoints serve as a Root Node in a Point to Multipoint connection to all of the N 1 remaining endpoints e Each of the endpoints on the connection can send information di
171. osis NG Diagnosis NG 040012 OBC OBC diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 040013 OBC OBC Cell Buff diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 040014 OBC OBC HTM diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 040015 OBC OBC BCT BMT diagnosis NG Troubleshooting Procedures Troubleshooting Alarm Error Number Line Card OC 3c STM 1 Alarm Type Number Part Nature of Error Path Alarm 010001 PHY PHYO reception FIFO overflow Path Alarm 010101 PHY PHY1 reception FIFO overflow Path Alarm 010201 PHY PHY2 reception FIFO overflow Path Alarm 010301 PHY PHY3 reception FIFO overflow Clock Alarm 020002 MUX 50 MHz clock interruption Path Alarm 030001 MUX UTOPIA parity error Diagnosis NG 640000 MUX MUX diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 010002 PHY PHYO diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 010102 PHY PHY1 diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 010202 PHY PHY2 diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 010302 PHY PHYS diagnosis NG Alarm Error Number Line Card TAXI Alarm type No Part Nature of error Path Alarm 020001 MUX UTOPIA level 2 parity error Clock Alarm 020002 MUX 50 MHz clock interruption Clock Alarm 020003 MUX 12 5 MHz clock interruption Clock Alarm 020004 MUX Input 8 KHz clock interruption Diagnosis NG 130001 TAC TACO diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 130101 TAC TAC1 diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 130201 TAC TAC2 diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 130301 TAC TAC3 diagnosis NG 11 8 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Ma
172. other location replacing mounted packages upgrading software and adding hardware Moving the Equipment This section describes the procedures for moving the ATM Switch to another location 1 Turn off the power switch of the ATM Switch and remove the power cable If the power unit is redundant be sure to remove both cables 2 Remove the communication cable connector from the ATM Switch 3 Movethe ATM Switch to the new installation site Make sure in advance that the installation site meets the installation environmental condition Refer to Installation Conditions on page 7 2 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 10 1 NTP 297 8103 903 Moving the Equipment Modifications When carrying the main unit be sure to securely hold the bottom of the main unit as shown in Figure 10 1 Figure 10 1 Carrying the ATM Switch Be sure to hold the specified positions Holding positions other than the specified positions may cause a failure 4 10 2 Connect the power cable and the communication cable Referto Connecting the Power Cable on page 7 15 Connect the MAT to ATM Switch with RS 232C cable Refer to MAT Connection on page 7 14 Turn on the MAT s power switch and set the communication parameters Refer to Setting the MAT on page 9 6 Turn on the ATM Switch s power switch Check the messages displayed on the MAT screen to make sure that the move did not cause a problem with the ATM Switch R
173. perframe A DS1 framing format in which 24 DSO times lots plus a coded framing bit are organized into a frame which is repeated 24 times to form a superframe Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary F ESI End System Identifier This identifier distinguishes multiple nodes at the same level in case the lower level peer group is partitioned ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute The primary telecommunications standards organization Exception A connectivity advertisement in a PNNI complex node representation that represents something other than the default node representation Exit Border Node The node that will progress a call over an outside link This is the last node within a peer group to see this call Exterior Denotes that an item e g link node or reachable address is outside of a PNNI routing domain Exterior Link A link which crosses the boundary of the PNNI routing domain The PNNI protocol does not run over an exterior link Exterior Reachable Address An address that can be reached through a PNNI routing domain but which is not located in that PNNI routing domain Exterior Route A route which traverses an exterior link F Fairness As related to Generic Flow Control GFC fairness is defined as meeting all the agreed quality of service QOS requirements by controlling the order of service for all active connections Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 27 NTP 297 810
174. pert or Knowledge Based systems Al Signaling ID assigned by Exchange A AIM ATM Inverse Multiplexer A term discontinued because of conflict with an established product Refer to AIMUX Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary AIMUX ATM Inverse Multiplexing A device that allows multiple T1 or E1 communications facilities to be combined into a single broadband facility for the transmission of ATM cells AIR Additive Increase Rate An ABR service parameter AIR controls the rate at which the cell transmission rate increases It is signaled as AIRE where AIRF AIR Nrm PCR AIRF Additive Increase Rate Factor Refer to AIR AIS Alarm Indication Signal An all ones signal sent down or up stream by a device when it detects an error condition or receives an error condition or receives an error notification from another unit in the transmission path Alternate Routing A mechanism that supports the use of a new path after an attempt to set up a connection along a previously selected path fails ALT Alternative Access Providers to the local telephone network i e Teleport AMI Alternative Mark Inversion The line coding format in T 1 transmission systems whereby successive tones marks are alternately inverted sent with polarity opposite that of the preceding mark Ancestor Node A logical group node that has a direct parent relationship to a given node Le it is the parent of
175. plication prepares to respond to incoming calls from remote ATM devices a local SAP specifies the ATM address of the device housing the application plus further addressing that identifies the application within the local device There are several groups of SAPs that are specified as valid for Native ATM Services SAR Segmentation and Reassembly Method of breaking up arbitrarily sized packets SC Subscriber loop system optical fiber Connector It s a system that allows one pair of wires that would normally provide one phone line to carry multiple conversations Various models are available with capacity ranging from 2 to 96 lines A SC or SLCC is used between phone company central offices and areas where there are too many customers for the cable that is in place It s much less expensive to install SLCCs than new cable but the SLCC provides lower than normal line voltage which may cause some phones to malfunction B 66 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary SCCP Signaling Connection and Control Part A SS7 protocol that provides additional functions to the Message Transfer Part MTP It typically supports Transaction Capabilities Application Part TCAP Scope Defines the level of advertisement for an address The level is alevel of a peer group in the PNNI routing hierarchy SCP Service Control Point A computer and database system which executes service logic programs to provide cus
176. pment of TCP IP standards procedures and specifications is done via this mechanism RFCs are documents that progress through several development stages under the control of IETF until they are finalized or discarded RFC1695 Definitions of Managed Objects for ATM Management or AToM MIB RFI Radio Frequent Interface All computer equipment generates radio frequency signals The FCC regulates the amount of RFI a computing device can leak past its shielding A Class A device is sufficient for office use A Class B is a more stringent classification for home equipment use RICE RIsc Core Engine Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary RIF Rate Increase Factor This controls the amount by which the cell transmission rate may increase upon receipt of an RM cell The additive increase rate AIR PCR RIEF RIF is a power of 2 ranging from 1 32768 to 1 RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computing A computer processing technology in which a microprocessor understands a few simple instructions thereby providing fast predictable instruction flow RM Resource Management Resource Management is the management of critical resources in an ATM network Two critical resources are buffer space and trunk bandwidth Provisioning may be used to allocate network resources in order to separate traffic flows according to service characteristics V PCs play a key role in resource management By reserving capacity on VPCs
177. port Signal 1 SONET standard for transmission over OC 1 optical fiber at 51 84 Mbps STS n Synchronous Transport Signal n where n is an integer SONET standards for transmission over OC n optical fiber by multiplexing n STS 1 frames e g STS 3 at 155 52 Mbps STS 12 at 622 08 Mbps and STS 48 at 2 488 Gbps STS nc Synchronous Transport Signal n concatenated where n is an integer SONET standards for transmission over OC n optical fiber by multiplexing n STS 1 frames e g STS 3 at 155 52 Mbps STS 12 at 622 08 Mbps and STS 48 at 2 488 Gbps but treating the information fields as a single concatenated payload Sublayer A logical sub division of a layer Subnet The use of the term subnet to mean a LAN technology is a historical use and is not specific enough in the MPOA work Refer to Internetwork Address Sub Group Direct Set Host Apparent Address Sub Group and One Hop Set for more specific definitions Subnetwork A collection of managed entities grouped together from a connectivity perspective according to their ability to transport ATM cells Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 73 NTP 297 8103 903 S Glossary SubNMS Subnetwork Management System A Network Management System that is managing one or more subnetworks and that is managed by one or more Network Management Systems Summary Address An address prefix that tells a node how to summarize reachability information SUT System Under Test The re
178. protocol specifications per ATM Forum UNI documents The standard adopted by the ATM Forum to define connections between users or end stations and a local switch Unicasting The transmit operation of a single PDU by a source interface where the PDU reaches a single destination UPC Usage Parameter Control Usage Parameter Control is defined as the set of actions taken by the network to monitor and control traffic in terms of traffic offered and validity of the ATM connection at the end system access Its main purpose is to protect network resources from malicious as well as unintentional misbehavior which can affect the QoS of other already established connections by detecting violations of negotiated parameters and taking appropriate actions Uplink Represents the connectivity from a border node to an up node Upnode The node that represents a border node s outside neighbor in the common peer group The upnode must be a neighboring peer of one of the border node s ancestors UT Upper Tester The representation in ISO IEC 9646 of the means of providing during test execution control and observation of the upper service boundary of the IUT as defined by the chosen Abstract Test Method Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary V UTOPIA Universal Test amp Operations Interface for ATM Refers to an electrical interface between the TC and PMD sublayers of the PHY layer UTP Unshielded Twisted
179. r port number Confirm that dynamic SVC connections are established for connected line interface ports DISPLAY dynamicroute slot number port number Confirm that SVC connections for each connected line interface ports DISPLAY svc slot number port number Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 8 13 NTP 297 8103 903 SVC Tunneling Basic Configuration and Setup SVC Tunneling This section describes how to interconnect two ATM Switches 1 amp 2 configured for LAN Emulation with an LE client attached to each over a PVC connection using a SVC tunneling technique 470079 11111111111111111111 470079 22222222222222222222 ATM ATM Switch 00 n 000 001 00 u Switch 1 ATM Switch 2 3 PVC VPI 1 PC Clock PC LES LEC LES MAT 133 205 8 39 133 205 8 54 Figure 8 1 SVC Tunneling 1 Refer to Figure 8 1 and make cable connections 2 Set up both LE clients and Switch 3 configurations except for switch interconnections On Switch 1 and 2 set interface 00 to a NNI port On Switch 2 set to User Side On Switch 1 and 2 execute the following commands SET tunnel 00 1 SET signal 00 1 SET ILMI 00 1 6 On Switch 1 execute the following command route add NSAP 47007922 00 1 7 On Switch 2 execute the following command route add NSAP 47007911 00 1 8 SAVE All signaling ILMI and SVCs will use VPI and will pass unobstructed through
180. r 4 digit code in the initial address message identifying the carrier to be used for the connection CIR Committed Information Rate CIR is the information transfer rate which a network offering Frame Relay Services FRS is committed to transfer under normal conditions The rate is averaged over a minimum increment of time CISPR Comite International Special des Perturbations Radioelectriques CL Connectionless service A service which allows the transfer of information among service subscribers without the need for end to end establishment procedures CLK Clock Generates system clock Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary CLP Cell Loss Priority This bit in the ATM cell header indicates two levels of priority for ATM cells CLP 0 cells are higher priority than CLP 1 cells CLP 1 cells may be discarded during periods of congestion to preserve the CLR of CLP 0 cells CLR Cell Loss Ratio CLR is a negotiated QoS parameter and acceptable values are network specific The objective is to minimize CLR provided the end system adapts the traffic to the changing ATM layer transfer characteristics The Cell Loss Ratio is defined for a connection as Lost Cells Total Transmitted Cells The CLR parameter is the value of CLR that the network agrees to offer as an objective over the lifetime of the connection It is expressed as an order of magnitude having a range of 10 1 to 10 15 and unspecified C
181. r It works with the network software and computer operating system to transmit and receive messages on the network ATM Peer to Peer Connection A virtual channel connection VCC or a virtual path connection VPC ATM Switch A generic term usually referring to an ATM switching system rather than a switching element ATM switches are generally hardware based self routing and high speed up to Gbit s ATM TA ATM Terminal Adapter The terminal adapter is a protocol converter little black box that adapts PCs workstations and other equipment to the peculiar world of ISDN ATM Traffic Descriptor A generic list of traffic parameters that can be used to capture the intrinsic traffic characteristics of a requested ATM connection ATM User User Connection An association established by the ATM Layer to support communication between two or more ATM service users i e between two or more next higher entities or between two or more ATM entities The communications over an ATM Layer connection may be either bidirectional or unidirectional The same Virtual Channel Identifier VCI issued for both directions of a connection at an interface Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary ATS Abstract Test Suite A set of abstract test cases for testing a particular protocol An executable test suite may be derived from an abstract test suite Attenuation The process of the reduction of the power of
182. r and oil steam or where the humidity is high Place the equipment where the floor is flat and has adequate strength To prevent a failure or deformation do not place the equipment where it is exposed to direct sunlight or near fire or such heaters as stoves To prevent a failure do not place the equipment in a dusty area Do not block the vents in the bottom back or top rack mount ofthe equipment Blocking the vents will cause the temperature in the equipment to rise and may cause a failure or fire Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Precautions on Handling the Product Safety Measures Operating the Equipment User Responsibilities NTP 297 8103 903 Itis dangerous to use the equipment when it is malfunctioning If you detect an irregular condition irregular noise irregular odor or smoke immediately turn off the main power remove the power plug from the outlet and call for service To prevent electric shock or a failure do not pour liquid such as water inside the equipment or touch the equipment with a wet hand If liquid is accidentally spilled inside the equipment turn off the main power remove the power plug from the outlet and call for service Even if the equipment appears to be dry if there is liquid left inside the equipment electric shock or a failure may result Do not touch any internal part of the equipment or modify or disassemble the equipment Electric shock fire or a
183. raffic Management The ATM Switch provides the following traffic management functions Call Admission Control Usage Parameter Control Congestion Control Priority Control Shaping Monitoring Figure 5 5 shows how traffic is controlled and how each function fits into the process in the ATM Switch Originating Terminal ATM Switch Control Terminal Call Admission Control CAC Usage Parameter Control UPC Figure 5 5 Traffic Management When a SVC establishment request signaling is received from the originating terminal CAC or Call Admission Control determines whether to accept that request CAC checks the current usage of the network to determine whether the communication band and traffic quality requested by that SVC can be satisfied then decides whether to establish the connection UPC or Usage Parameter Control monitors whether the traffic of the user s communication in progress has exceeded the band declared in the request for SVC establishment This control is necessary to prevent deterioration to the quality of the communications of the user and other users in the network The ATM Switch employs a six stage parameter control using the dual leaky bucket method Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Software Specifications Traffic Management Congestion In the ATM Switch congestion is controlled by applying a back pressure in the Control direction of line outpu
184. rap The ATM Switch is mainly controlled by commands sent from an external MAT connected via RS 232C interface Any terminal equipped with an RS 232C port and communications capability may be used as the MAT MAT may be connected when necessary or left connected to the ATM Switch However note that the ATM Switch will not automatically display messages on MAT other than when power is turned on or the ATM Switch is reset Also note that RS 232C cross cable for connecting the MAT and communication software is not supplied with the ATM Switch Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Maintenance and Operations MAT and NMS Physical Connection of MAT In connecting the ATM Switch and MAT use a RS 232C cross cable fitted on one end with a D SUB 9 pin male connector for the ATM Switch and on the other end with a connector meeting the shape of the MAT side connector There are two types of RS 232C cables used straight cable and cross cable depending on the difference in the connection conditions of signal lines Use the RS 232C cross cable for connecting the ATM Switch and MAT The RS 232C connector of the MAT differs in shape depending on the model of the MAT Use an RS 232C cross cable that has on one end a connector that can be connected to the MAT and on the other end a D SUB 9 pin male connector for the ATM Switch This section describes how to set PC9801 or IBM PC as the MAT Figure 9 2 and Figure 9 3 sho
185. rea of the front of the ATM Switch are off All communications will be severed when the power is turned off All unsaved setting data will also be lost In principle do not allow anyone other than the system manager and service personnel to touch the power switch To replace one of the power units during operation only turn off the power of the power unit you wish to replace Shown below is the power supply and power consumption of the ATM Switch m Input a DC 48V Q Input voltage 40V to 58V DC m Maximum power consumption a 60A Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 7 17 NTP 297 8103 903 Setting System Configuration Data Installation Setting System Configuration Data Operation Check Set system configuration data of the newly installed ATM Switch from the MAT connected to it Refer to the Command Manual for the commands from the MAT Before performing an operation test make sure that no error response has been output after setting configuration data see above This section describes the procedures for performing an operation test after the ATM Switch is installed ATM Switch Alarms Check for the ATM Switch hardware errors by entering a command from the MAT The following hardware operation tests should be performed Switch CPU card Line cards Fan unit Power unit Enter the command for performing the hardware operation test The command should be entered as follows DISPLAY alarm RET
186. rea relative to office and campus environment of LAN Local Area Network WAN is characterized by having much greater transfer delays due to laws of physics Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 85 NTP 297 8103 903 X Y Z Glossary X Y Z XATOM Expandable ATM Output Modular Switch XDF Xrm Decrease Factor An ABR service parameter XDF controls the decrease in ACR associated with Xrm It is a power of two in range 0 1 Xrm An ABR service parameter Xrm limits the number of forward RM cells which may be sent in the absence of received backward RM cells The range is 0 255 B 86 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Worksheets 2 5 Gbps Switch Configuration Worksheet The Centillion 1200N is a 2 5 Gbps Switch Each ATM switch has unique and definitive configuration requirements that must be met prior to activation Items such as Hostname IP Address and ATM address are required for each switch The configuration worksheets in this section are intended to provide a template for these switch requirements Each configuration worksheet outlines both the switch and individual port configurations allowing quick look up during installation and configuration These worksheets although optional can provide a common source for configuration as well as for future reference Switch Configuration Parameter Value Setting Host Name NSAP Address If using PNNI v1 0 see PNNI Configuration
187. rectly to any other endpoint but the receiving endpoint cannot distinguish which of the endpoints is sending information without additional e g higher layer information Multipoint to Point Connection A Point to Multipoint Connection may have zero bandwidth from the Root node to the Leaf Nodes and non zero return bandwidth from the Leaf Nodes to the Root Node Such a connection is also known as a Multipoint to Point Connection Note that UNI 4 0 does not support this connection type MUX Multiplexer Electronic equipment which allows two or more signals to pass over one communications circuit That circuit may be a phone line a microwave circuit a through the air TV signal That circuit may be analog or digital There are many multiplexing techniques to accommodate both Native Address An address that matches one of a given node s summary addresses NC Network Connection NDIS Network Driver Interface Specification Refer to 3COM Microsoft LAN Manager Network Driver Interface Specification October 8 1990 NE Network Element A system that supports at least NEFs and may also support Operation System Functions Mediation Functions An ATM NE may be realized as either a standalone device or a geographically distributed system It cannot be further decomposed into managed elements in the context of a given management function Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary NEF Network
188. rier systems OAM Operations Administration and Maintenance A group of network management functions that provide network fault indication performance information and data and diagnosis functions Octet A term for eight 8 bits that is sometimes used interchangeably with byte to mean the same thing ODI Open Data Link Interface This refers to Novell Incorporated Open Data Link Interface Developer s Guide March 20 1992 One Hop Set A set of hosts which are one hop apart in terms of internetwork protocols TTLs TTL 0 on the wire OOF Out of Frame Refer to LOF Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary o OSC Oscillator A device for generating an analog test signal or an electronic circuit that creates a single frequency signal OSI Open Systems Interconnection A seven 7 layer architecture model for communications systems developed by the ISO for the interconnection of data communications systems Each layer uses and builds on the services provided by those below it OSI Physical Layer Usually taken to be SONET SDH which itself has 4 layers but can be other things as well The PHY deals with medium related issues OSPF Open Shortest Path First A link state routing algorithm that is used to calculate routes based on the number of routers transmission speed delays and route cost OUI Organizationally Unique Identifier The OUI is a three octet field in the IEEE 802 1a defin
189. rmal Lighted Off Line error reception error Off Flashing Line error transmission error Off Off Hardware error Rx Tx These codes indicate the reception side and transmission side of the SC connectors mu Reception side connector Transmission side connector Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 3 7 NTP 297 8103 903 Description and Function of Components Nomenclature and Functions 155 Mbps UTP5 Line Card ir ez ez ez ez www Figure 3 6 Front View of 155 Mbps UTPS Line Card RCV INS Available for each line these lamps indicate the status of that particular line RCV red INS green Status Off Lighted Line status normal Lighted Off Line error reception error Off Flashing Line error transmission error Off Off Hardware error 3 8 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Nomenclature and Functions Description and Function of Components 6 3 Mbps J2 Line Card ec c OTOR Sara 7 Ex Figure 3 7 Front View of 6 3 Mbps J2 Line Card RCV INS Available for each line these lamps indicate the status of that particular line RCV red INS green Status Off Lighted Line status normal Lighted Off Line error reception error Off Flashing Line error transmission error Off Off Hardware error Rx Tx These codes indica
190. s adjacent to the PVP network establishes PVCs in the tunneling path and sends SVC setup messages The ATM Switch allows the user to register up to 64 tunneling paths Figure 5 1 is a conceptual diagram of the connections supported by the ATM Switch e T ig gt Failure play ware p puc Sw x FW i Bee NEN Son PUPP Ln wo y Tanmeling Path LL Tunnalimg Criss seron Figure 5 1 The ATM Switch Connections Connections are established by inputting commands from a MAT connected to the ATM Switch The information on the established connection can be read by a command from the MAT or sending a GET request from an NMS For details on the commands refer to the ATM Command Manual Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Software Specifications Signaling Control Signaling Control SVC connections provided by the ATM Switch are prepared by a protocol called signaling that establishes and releases SVCs The signaling protocol is used by the calling terminal to notify the network of the destination of the established SVC communication band and traffic quality The signaling protocols supported by the ATM Switch are as follows m ITU T recommendation draft Q 2931 at the May 1993 meeting of the ITU T Study Group II m ATM Forum UNI 3 0 based on Q SAALI SSCOP of ITU T Study Group 11 Document DT 11 3 28 m ATM Forum UNI 3 1 m ATM Forum UNI 4 0 The addresses that can b
191. s and user cells Example Resource Management cell has PTIZ110 end to end OAM F5 Flow cell has PTIZ101 PTMPT Point To Multipoint A main source to many destination connections PTS Presentation Time Stamp A timestamp that is inserted by the MPEG 2 encoder into the packetized elementary stream to allow the decoder to synchronize different elementary streams i e lip sync B 60 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary Q PTSE PNNI Topology State Element A collection of PNNI information that is flooded among all logical nodes within a peer group PTSP PNNI Topology State Packet A type of PNNI Routing packet that is used for flooding PTSEs among logical nodes within a peer group PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit This is a link with static route defined in advance usually by manual setup PVCC Permanent Virtual Channel Connection A Virtual Channel Connection VCC is an ATM connection where switching is performed on the VPI VCI fields of each cell A Permanent VCC is one which is provisioned through some network management function and left up indefinitely PVPC Permanent Virtual Path Connection A Virtual Path Connection VPC is an ATM connection where switching is performed on the VPI field only of each cell A Permanent VPC is one which is provisioned through some network management function and left up indefinitely QD Queuing Delay Queuing delay refers to the delay imposed on a ce
192. s its name suggests emulates an Ethernet LAN environment and is also known as MAC over ATM Various protocols such as TCP IP Netware IPX and Appletalk can be transported over the Ethernet In this section we will assume that a successful LAN emulation environment is built by confirming a TCP IP connection with a p ng command between clients LAN emulation requires a LAN Emulation Service within an emulated LAN to provide services for features of a shared media network which have to be specially emulated in a switched network such as address resolution or broadcast message An example is a broadcast message An example is a broadcast message A LAN emulation service consists of three servers LAN Emulation Configuration Server LECS LAN Emulation Server LES and Broadcast Unknown Server BUS All of these three servers are implemented in software within an 8550 switch interface card or module which is not currently available for a product release Port 01 network NETNEX 8550 LES 1 Clock MASTER Port 00 network Port 00 user NETNEX 8550 2 Port 03 network PC LEC MAT PNNI 0 5 IP address 133 205 8 39 Network Prefix 470079 00000000000000000000 LECS ATM address 470079 00000000000000000000 777777777777 00 LES ATM address 470079 00000000000000000000 888888888888 00 BUS ATM address 470079 00000000000000000000 999999999999 00 IP address 133 205 8 10 Network Prefix 470079 11111111111111111111
193. sages Message Meaning GOOD Functioning properly Loss of Signal Signal interruption occurred Loss of Frame Frame is out of sync Out of Frame Frame end can not be detected AlS_Section Section layer AIS received AIS Path Path layer AIS received Yellow Section Section layer remote alarm received Yellow Path Path layer remote alarm received Loss of Cell Delineation Cell is out of sync Loss of Pointer STS frame pointer error Alarm Indication Signal AIS received Remote Alarm Indication Remote alarm received Payload All One Payload in transmission frame is all 1 main signal all 1 IDLE IDLE signal is being received Yellow Alarm Yellow alarm signal is being received PLCP_Yellow PLCP layer yellow signal is being received PLCP LOF PLCP layer frame is out of sync PLCP OOF PLCP layer frame end can not be detected Admin down This port has been put out of service by set line status command Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 11 11 Troubleshooting Procedures Troubleshooting Line Error Definition 11 12 Line Type Nature of Error LED Pattern OC3 Loss of Signal INS off RCV on OC3 Loss of Frame INS off RCV on OC3 Section AIS INS off RCV on OC3 Path AIS INS off RCV on O
194. standard supports 24 simultaneous DS 0 signals The term is often used interchangeably with T1 carrier although DS 1 signals may be exchanged over other transmission systems B 22 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary DS 2 Digital Signal Level 2 The North American Digital Hierarchy signaling standard for transmission of 6 312 Mbps that is used by T2 carrier which supports 96 calls DS 3 Digital Signal Level 3 The North American Digital Hierarchy signaling standard for transmission at 44 736 Mbps that is used by T3 carrier DS 3 supports 28 DS 1s plus overhead DS3 PLCP Physical Layer Convergence Protocol An alternate method used by older T carrier equipment to locate ATM cell boundaries This method has recently been moved to an informative appendix of the ATM DS3 specification and has been replaced by the HEC method DSE Distributed Single Layer Embedded Test Method An abstract test method in which the upper tester is located within the system under test and there is a point of control and observation at the upper service boundary of the Implementation Under Test IUT for testing a protocol layer or sublayer which is part of a multi protocol IUT DSS2 Setup Digital Subscriber Signaling 2 ATM Broadband signaling DSU Data Service Unit Equipment used to attach users computing equipment to a public network Converts RS 232 C or other terminal interface to DSX 1 interface Als
195. stra s Algorithm An algorithm that is sometimes used to calculate routes given a link and nodal state topology database DIR This is a field in an RM cell which indicates the direction of the RM cell with respect to the data flow with which it is associated The source sets DIR 0 and the destination sets DIR 1 Direct Set A set of host interfaces which can establish direct layer two communications for unicast not needed in MPOA DLPI UNIX International Data Link Provider Interface DLPI Specification Revision 2 0 0 OSI Work Group August 1991 DMA Direct Memory Access A fast method of moving data from a storage device or LAN interface card directly to RAM which speeds processing Domain Refer to Administrative Domain DS Distributed Single Layer Test Method An abstract test method in which the upper tester is located within the system under test and the point of control and observation PCO is located at the upper service boundary of the Implementation Under Test IUT for testing one protocol layer Test events are specified in terms of the abstract service primitives ASP at the upper tester above the IUT and ASPs and or protocol data units PDU at the lower tester PCO DS 0 Digital Signal Level 0 The 64 kbps rate that is the basic building block for both the North American and European digital hierarchies DS 1 Digital Signal Level 1 The North American Digital Hierarchy signaling standard for transmission at 1 544 Mbps This
196. stration Terminal MaxCR Maximum Cell Rate This is the maximum capacity usable by connections belonging to the specified service category Mbps Mega Bits Per Second Million bits per second MBps Mega Bytes Per Second Million bytes per second MBS Maximum Burst Size In the signaling message the Burst Tolerance BT is conveyed through the MBS which is coded as a number of cells The BT together with the SCR and the GCRA determine the MBS that may be transmitted at the peak rate and still be in conformance with the GCRA MCDV Maximum Cell Delay Variance This is the maximum two point CDV objective across a link or node for the specified service category Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary MCLR Maximum Cell Loss Ratio This is the maximum ratio of the number of cells that do not make it across the link or node to the total number of cells arriving at the link or node MCR Minimum Cell Rate An ABR service traffic descriptor in cells sec that is the rate at which the source is always allowed to send MCTD Maximum Cell Transfer Delay This is the sum of the fixed delay component across the link or node and MCDV Metasignaling ATM Layer Management LM process that manages different types of signaling and possibly semipermanent virtual channels VCs including the assignment removal and checking of VCs Metasignaling VCs The standardized VCs that convey metasignaling in
197. t Push the line card slowly all the way into the slot Otherwise improper con tact may result In addition a failure may result if you insert the line card too quickly 4 Tighten the screws on the left and right of the ejectors to fix the line card in place 5 Install the communication cable A PRECAUT I ON Be sure to install a port cap or a loopback cable over line ports that are not in use Unless an idle line port is covered with a port cap dust may get inside the port and cause a failure 10 10 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Modifications Line Card Installation Removing a Line 1 Remove the communication cable Card 2 Remove the screws to the left and right sides of the ejectors 3 Draw the ejectors outward to open position Figure 10 13 Line Card Ejectors Open Position 4 Hold the line card with both hands and remove it slowly Figure 10 14 Removing the Line Card A PRECAUT ON Be sure to allow at least 3 seconds of interval when repeating line card removal or insertion Failure may result if an adequate interval is not given Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 10 11 NTP 297 8103 903 Line Card Installation Modifications Installing the Be sure to install a front plate in slots without a line card to improve the air cooling Front Plate efficiency of the main unit and to suppress the radiation of noise 1 Install the front plate into the line
198. t of variable bit rate delay tolerant data traffic requiring some sequencing and or error detection support Originally two AAL types i e connection oriented and connectionless which have been combined Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 1 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary AAL 5 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 5 AAL functions in support of variable bit rate delay tolerant connection oriented data traffic requiring minimal sequencing or error detection support AALP Audible Alarm Panel ABR Available Bit Rate ABR is an ATM layer service category for which the limiting ATM layer transfer characteristics provided by the network may change subsequent to connection establishment A flow control mechanism is specified which supports several types of feedback to control the source rate in response to changing ATM layer transfer characteristics It is expected that an end system that adapts its traffic in accordance with the feedback will experience a low cell loss ratio and obtain a fair share of the available bandwidth according to a network specific allocation policy Cell delay variation is not controlled in this service although admitted cells are not delayed unnecessarily AC Alternating Current ACH Act Change ACI Active Cell Indication ACK Acknowledgmen ACM Address Complete Message A BISUP call control message from the receiving exchange to sending exchange indicating the completion of address information
199. t unit switch line input unit and restricting the number of incoming cells The ATM Switch also supports congestion control using Explicit Forward Congestion Indicator EFCI and RM Resource Management cell Furthermore the ATM Switch controls congestion from ABR UBR class traffic by using EPD Early Packet Discard or a function that discards cells in frame increments when the input buffer is congested Priority Control The ATM Switch performs the five classes of controls below on traffic delay CBR Constant Bit Rate service rt VBR Variable Bit Rate service real time nrt VBR Variable Bit Rate service non real time ABR Available Bit Rate service UBR Unspecified Bit Rate service In this list the higher the control the better the delay characteristics Priority is given to CBR and rt VBR traffic as they are transmitted ahead of other classes of traffic These delay priorities can be selected for each connection when establishing the connection In the switch a cell delay of no less than 40 usec occurs depending on the degree of passing cell congestion and the degree of priority The ATM Switch performs two classes of controls on cell loss Cell loss priority control is performed in cell increments based on the CLP bit value in the header of each cell The definition of CLP bit value is as follows m CLP bit 0 high priority m CLP bit 1 low priority In the ATM Switch to ensure traffic quality every
200. ta Installation 7 20 Follow the instructions below when using the equipment in a country or region where it must conform to EMI EN55022 Class B Coaxial cable Install near the connector a ferrite core so the cable makes a loop See Figure number 7 14 UTP cable Install near the connector a ferrite core so the cable makes a loop See Figure number 7 14 AC power cable Install near the connector a ferrite core so the cable makes a loop See Figure number 7 14 RS 232C cable a Use a metal connector a Usea shielded cable Q Securely fasten the metal connector to the main unit Do not use DS3 6 3M interface cards Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Basic Configuration and Setup This chapter explains the software setup and configuration of the ATM Switch Hardware Installation and Connection Install and connect the hardware for the ATM Switch in the following order o x s 8 9 Install line interface cards Install blank line interface panels if necessary Install power supply ies Connect the MAT terminal cable Install the Ethernet PCMCIA card optional Connect the Ethernet cable optional Atthis point you may want to connect a terminal to the MAT interface so that you can observe and monitor the entire boot cycle See MAT Connection on page 7 14 Connect the power cables to the rear of the ATM Switch Turn on the ATM Switch power swi
201. talled and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause interference to radio communications It has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protec tion against such interference when operated in a commercial environment Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interfer ence in which case the user at their expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct the interference FCC Part 68 Registration Company Notification If this product is provided with either a CE DS1 or an ATM DSI interface then the following applies Before installing the Centillion 1200N ATM Switch to the telephone network the telephone company must be provided with the following e Your telephone number e The FCC registration number AYS5JPN 32775 XD N e The required USOC jack is RJ45 Service Requirements In the event of equipment malfunction Nortel Networks or an authorized distributor of Nortel Networks will perform all repairs It is the responsibility of users requiring service to report the need for service to Nortel Networks or to one of their authorized distributors Location of FCC Compliance Labels Labels stating the Centillion 1200N ATM Switch FCC registration number and compliance with FCC Part 15 and 68 are attached to the Base Chassis The appear
202. tatic routed hierarchical network architecture ARE All Routes Explorer A specific frame initiated by a source which is sent on all possible routes in Source Route Bridging ARP Address Resolution Protocol The procedures and messages in a communications protocol which determines which physical network address MAC corresponds to the IP address in the packet Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary ARPANet Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork A Department of Defense data network developed by ARPA which ties together many users and computers in universities government and businesses ARPANET has been the forerunner of many developments in commercial data communications including packet switching which was first tested on a large scale on the network ARPANET is a predcessor of the Internet It was started in 1969 with funds for the Defense Department s Advanced Projects Research Agency ASP Abstract Service Primitive An implementation independent description of an interaction between a service user and a service provider at a particular service boundary as defined by Open Systems Interconnection OST Assigned Cell Cell that provides a service to an upper layer entity or ATM Layer Management entity ATMM entity ASW Cell switching control point to point connection point to multipoint connection Asynchronous Not occurring at the same time beginning each operation o
203. tch es If you have performed these steps properly the ATM Switch should be fully operational If the software does not load properly during the initial startup or is not the correct version verify the PCMCIA software card is installed correctly and follow the procedures outlined for installing new software versions See Upgrading Software on page 10 16 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 8 1 NTP 297 8103 903 Hardware Installation and Connection Basic Configuration and Setup Setting Configuration Data Before performing the initial switch configuration you should obtain the following information m Name of the switch hostname m ATM address NSAP address m Switch IP address ATM management network m Switch IP netmask m Clock source network clocking structure m Enable password m Telnet password m Ethernet IP address optional Ethernet management network m Ethernet IP netmask optional Once you have collected this information continue with Step 1 below Refer to Appendix C for configuration worksheets designed to help you obtain the necessary configurations prior to setting the switch Using a terminal connected to the MAT interface DB9 perform the following steps 1 Bootthe ATM Switch interface 2 During the boot sequence a self diagnosis of all components is performed by the ATM Switch including all of the interfaces Do one of the following mIf no errors were encountered dur
204. te the reception side and transmission side of the BNC connectors m Reception side connector Transmission side connector Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 3 9 NTP 297 8103 903 Description and Function of Components Nomenclature and Functions DS3 Line Card and E3 Line Card Os Oz shi AS 0 INN Q XL Q Xd shi AS 3NIT es Figure 3 8 Front View of DS3 and E3 Line Card RCV INS Available for each line these lamps indicate the status of that particular line RCV red INS green Status Off Lighted Line status normal Lighted Off Line error reception error Off Flashing Line error transmission error Off Off Hardware error Rx Tx These codes indicate the reception side and transmission side of the BNC connectors ru Reception side connector Transmission side connector 3 10 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Nomenclature and Functions Description and Function of Components Power Unit Figure 3 9 Outside View of Power Unit The power unit indicates an alarm and stops output under the following conditions m Whenexcessive load is imposed on the output side and the protective function of the power unit lowers the voltage m When voltage of higher than the rating is output due to an error in the power unit m When the temperature rises abnormally inside the power unit Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 3
205. tes Path Trace BIP 8 Path Identifier Error Report 2 User Channel Header Cell Indicator 3 Reserved ZA Reserved 2 Reserved ALA2 Frame alignment Bits active in UNI Bl BIP 8 B2 BIP 24 CI STM frame identification DI DI2 Data communication channel E1 E2 Order wire FI User channel Change over control Change over control AIS RDI Reserved FEBE Figure 6 3 SONET OC 3 SDH STM 1 Frame Format Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 6 3 NTP 297 8103 903 Line Interface Hardware Interface 6 4 100M TAXI Frame Format m For private network UNI NNI m Physical layer FDDI PMD m Optical fiber multi mode m Line coding 4B 5B m Data rate 100 Mbps m Line rate 125 Mbaud In 100M TAXI there is no frame for existing STM A field is established for aligning the cells mm m Sr Figure 6 4 100M TAXI Frame Format Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Hardware Interface Line Interface 6 3M J2 Frame Format For public network UNI Physical layer TTC standard J1 G703 a Coaxial cable Line coding NRZ Data rate line rate 6 312 Mbps Cell rate 6 144 Mbps Cell alignment HEC is used PHO 12B u sec 3072 Kbps TS i bits i ae is a S bit damain CAC ari hrrelx result Frame alignment signal CRG ante fadctettadled F4 Figure 6 5
206. that node or the parent s parent ANI Automatic Number Identification A charge number parameter that is normally included in the Initial Address Message to the succeeding carrier for billing purposes Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 5 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary ANM Answer Message A BISUP call control message from the receiving exchange to the sending exchange indicating answer and that a through connection should be completed in both directions ANSI American National Standards Institute A U S standards body API Application Program Interface A programming interface used for interprogram communications or for interfacing between protocol layers API connection Native ATM Application Program Interface Connection API connection is a relationship between an API endpoint and other ATM devices that has the following characteristics e Data communication may occur between the API endpoint and the other ATM devices comprising the API connection e Each API connection may occur over a duration of time only once the same set of communicating ATM devices may form a new connection after a prior connection is released e The API connection may be presently active able to transfer data or merely anticipated for the future APPN Advanced Peer to Peer Network IBM network architecture for building dynamic routing across arbitrary network topologies Intended as an eventual replacement for SNA IBM s s
207. the processing required to establish individual VCCs is reduced Refer to RM cell RM Cell Resource Management Cell Information about the state of the net work like bandwidth availability state of congestion and impending congestion is conveyed to the source through special control cells called Resource Management Cells RM cells RO Read Only Attributes which are read only can not be written by Network Management Only the PNNI Protocol entity may change the value of a read only attribute Network Management entities are restricted to only reading such read only attributes Read only attributes are typically for statistical information including reporting result of actions taken by auto configuration ROM Read Only Memory Computer memory which can only be read from New data cannot be entered and the existing data is non volatile This means it stays there even when power is turned off Root Node A node of a tree stucture that has no parent nodes 1 IBM Dictionary of Computing Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 63 NTP 297 8103 903 R Glossary Route Server A physical device that runs one or more network layer routing protocols and which uses a route query protocol in order to provide network layer routing forwarding descriptions to clients Router A physical device that is capable of forwarding packets based on network layer information and that also participates in running one or more network
208. the unit to fail 6 Install the power unit cover and securely fasten with the screws on both ends Make sure the right side is up when installing the power unit cover 7 Install the front cover If the power unit is redundant and one power unit is in operation the other power unit can be inserted or removed without affecting the switching functions of the main unit 10 6 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Modifications Switch CPU Card Installation Switch CPU Card Installation This section describes the procedures for installing the switch CPU card Inserting the Switch CPU Card A PRECAUT I ON 1 2 Clean the connector with cleaner before inserting the switch CPU card Turn off the power switch on the back of the main unit Turn off both switches if the power unit is redundant Remove the front cover from the front of the main unit Insert the switch CPU card into the switch CPU card slot by running the card through the guide rails in the slot inside the slot there are two guide rails on the left hand side for the switch and CPU card and one guide rail on the right hand side for the CPU card When inserting the switch CPU card securely hold the card with both hands as shown in Figure 10 8 and insert the card evenly on the left and right sides Finally press the center of the front plate of the switch CPU card with the thumbs of both hands until it clicks in place
209. thm which encodes the amplitude of a repetitive series of audio samples This encoding algorithm converts analog voice samples into a digital bit stream PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association an awful mouthful standardizes credit card size packages for memory and input output modems LAN cards etc for computers laptops palmtops etc There are three physical standard for PCMCIA cards Type 1 2 3 and undefined standard called type 4 which only Toshiba has at this moment PCO Point of Control and Observation A place point within a testing environment where the occurrence of test events is to be controlled and observed as defined by the particular abstract test method used PCR Program Clock Reference A timestamp that is inserted by the MPEG 2 encoder into the Transport Stream to aid the decoder in the recovering and tracking the encoder clock PCR Peak Cell Rate The Peak Cell Rate in cells sec is the cell rate which the source may never exceed Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 55 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B 56 PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy PDH plesiochronous means nearly synchronous was developed to carry digitized voice over twisted pair cabling more efficiently This evolved into the North American European and Japanese Digital Hierarchies where only a discrete set of fixed rates is available namely nxDSO DSO is a 64 kbps rate and then the next levels i
210. thod used at the PHY layer to monitor the error performance of the link A check bit or word is sent in the link overhead covering the previous block or frame Bit errors in the payload will be detected and may be reported as maintenance information BIS Border Intermediate System B ISDN Broadband ISDN A high speed network standard above 1 544 Mbps that evolved Narrowband ISDN with existing and new services with voice data and video in the same network BISUP Broadband ISDN User s Part A SS7 protocol which defines the signaling messages to control connections and services B LLI Broadband Low Layer Information This is a Q 2931 information element that identifies a layer 2 and a layer 3 protocol used by the application BMT Basic Mode Transmission BN Bridge Number A locally administered bridge ID used in Source Route Bridging to uniquely identify a route between two LANs BN BECN Cell A Resource Management RM cell type indicator A Backwards Explicit Congestion Notification BECN RM cell may be generated by the network or the destination To do so BN 1 is set to indicate the cell is not source generated and DIR 1 to indicate the backward flow Source generated RM cells are initialized with BN 0 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 11 NTP 297 8103 903 B Glossary BNC Bayonet Neill Concelman A bayonet locking connector for slim coaxial cables like those used with Ethernet BOM Beginning
211. til it is secure 10 4 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Modifications Power Unit Installation Figure 10 6 Inserting the Power Unit A PRECAUT l ON Make sure you use both hands and insert the power unit slowly Inserting the power unit quickly may cause damage to the connector or a failure An injury may result if you hold the power unit with only one hand Tighten the screw on the back of the main unit to fix the power unit Install power unit cover and securely fasten with the screws on both ends Make sure the right side is up when installing the power unit cover 6 Install the front cover Refer to Installing the Front Cover on page 10 15 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 10 5 NTP 297 8103 903 Power Unit Installation Modifications Removing the 1 Turn off the power switch on the back of the main unit if redundant only the Power Unit power switch of the power unit to be removed Remove the power cable from the connector and remove the fastening screws Remove the front cover Turn the screws on both ends of the power unit cover and remove the cover BU Se E qu Hold the power unit securely with both hands as shown in Figure 10 7 and remove it slowly Figure 10 7 Removing the Power Unit A PRECAUTION Be sure to turn the power off before inserting or removing the power unit Leaving the power on while inserting or removing the power unit may cause
212. tomer services through a switching system Messages are exchanged with the SSP through the SS7 network SCR Sustainable Cell Rate An upper bound on the conforming average rate of an ATM connection over time scales which are long relative to those for which the PCR is defined Enforcement of this bound by the UPC could allow the network to allocate sufficient resources but less than those based on the PCR and still ensure that the performance objectives e g for Cell Loss Ratio can be achieved SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy The ITU TSS International standard for transmitting information over optical fiber SDT Structured Data Transfer An AAL I data transfer mode in which data is structured into blocks which are then segmented into cells for transfer SDU Service Data Unit A unit of interface information whose identity is preserved from one end of a layer connection to the other SE Switching Element Switching Element refers to the device or network node which performs ATM switching functions based on the VPI or VPI VCI pair SEAL Simple and Efficient Adaptation Layer An earlier name for AALS Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 67 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B 68 Segment A single ATM link or group of interconnected ATM links of an ATM connection SEL Selector A subfield carried in SETUP message part of ATM endpoint address Domain specific Part DSP defined by ISO 10589 not used for ATM
213. twork They may be directly connected to each other if an ethernet cross connect cable is used Set the Ethernet IP address of the switch using the SET ether command If the two are not on the same Ether subnet and are separated by a router use the SET iproute command to direct the switch to the router Backup the configuration data using the BACKUP config command To download a backed up configuration into the switch using the INSTALL config command ATM Interface 1 Connect the switch and the workstation TFTP server with an ATM PVC interface Setup the ATM PVC workstation TFTP server to use a PVC Set the IP routing information within the switch such that the switch can upload the configuration data to a host within a different sub network Use the SET iproute command Backup the configuration data using the BACKUP config command To download a backed up configuration into the switch use the INSTALL config command Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Maintenance and Operations Periodic Maintenance Cosmetic Check Checking Cables and Connectors NTP 297 8103 903 Flash Memory Card 1 Power off the ATM Switch 2 Inserta spare flash memory card with an on line program into the PCMCIA slot 0 bottom slot 3 Insert the flash memory card with configuration data into the PCMCIA slot 1 upper slot 4 Powerupthe ATM Switch while simultaneously pressing and hold down the
214. u can block the call This means giving the caller a busy or a nothing also called high and dry Second you can put the call into a queue Now you have people waiting in queue how do you handle them The most equitable the way most queues work is to handle the calls on the basis of First In First Out First call to come in is handled first There are other ways of handling calls in a queue including First In Last Out by priority e g which line you came in on and how much it cost or how high you are in the corporation etc Flush Protocol The flush protocol is provided to ensure the correct order of delivery of unicast data frames Foreign Address An address that does not match any of a given node s summary addresses Forwarding Description The resolved mapping of an MPOA Target to a set of parameters used to set up an ATM connection on which to forward packets Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 29 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary B 30 FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array A specialized microprocessor manufactured without physical connections between its logic gates but with potential connections that can be firmed up in the field paraphrased from Newton FRS Frame Relay Service A connection oriented service that is capable of carrying up to 4096 bytes per frame FRTT Fixed Round Trip Time This is the sum of the fixed and propagation delays from the source to the furthest destination and back
215. ulation Service The ATM Forum circuit emulation service interoperability specification specifies interoperability agreements for supporting Constant Bit Rate CBR traffic over ATM networks that comply with the other ATM Forum interoperability agreements Specifically this specification supports emulation of existing TDM circuits over ATM networks CFAD Cell Frame Assembly Disassembly Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual B 15 NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary Child Node A node at the next lower level of the hierarchy which is contained in the peer group represented by the logical group node currently referenced This could be a logical group node or a physical node Child Peer Group A child peer group of a peer group is any one containing a child node of a logical group node in that peer group A child peer group of a logical group node is the one containing the child node of that logical group node CI Congestion Indicator This is a field in a RM cell and is used to cause the source to decrease its ACR The source sets CI 0 when it sends an RM cell Setting CI 1 is typically how destinations indicate that EFCI has been received on a previous data cell CIF Cells In Flight An ABR service parameter CIF is the negotiated number of cells that the network would like to limit the source to sending during idle startup period before the first RM cell returns Range 0 16 777 215 CIP Carrier Identification Parameter A 3 o
216. ute A nodal state parameter that is considered individually to determine whether a given node is acceptable and or desirable for carrying a given connection Nodal Constraint A restriction on the use of nodes for path selection for a specific connection Nodal Metric A nodal parameter that requires the values of the parameter for all nodes along a given path to be combined to determine whether the path is acceptable and or desirable for carrying a given connection Nodal State Parameter Information that captures an aspect or property of a node Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary Node Synonymous with logical node Novell Internetwork Packet Exchange Netware s native LAN communications protocol used to move data between server and or workstation programs running on different network nodes IPX packets are encapsulated and carried by the packets used in Ethernet and the similiar frames used in Token Ring networks IPX supports packet sizes up to 64 bytes NPC Network Parameter Control Network Parameter Control is defined as the set of actions taken by the network to monitor and control traffic from the NNI Its main purpose is to protect network resources from malicious as well as unintentional misbehavior which can affect the QoS of other already established connections by detecting violations of negotiated parameters and taking appropriate actions Refer to UPC nrt VBR Non rea
217. ve This pulse dispersion sometimes limits the distance over which a MMF link can operate MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group An ISO Standards group dealing with video and audio compression techniques and mechanisms for multiplexing and synchronizing various media streams MPOA Multiprotocol over ATM An effort taking place in the ATM Forum to standardize protocols for the purpose of running multiple network layer protocols over ATM MPOA Client A device which implements the client side of one or more of the MPOA protocols i e is a SCP client and or an RDP client An MPOA Client is either an Edge Device Functional Group EDFG or a Host Behavior Functional Group HBFG MPOA Server An MPOA Server is any one of an ICFG or RSFG MPOA Service Area The collection of server functions and their clients A collection of physical devices consisting of an MPOA server plus the set of clients served by that server Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary MPOA Target A set of protocol address path attributes e g internetwork layer QoS other information derivable from received packet describing the intended destination and its path attributes that MPOA devices may use as lookup keys MSB Most Significant Bit The highest order bit in the binary representation of a numerical value MT Message Type The field containing the bit flags of a RM cell These flags are as follows e DIR 0 for f
218. vered cell on a connection during the entire connection holding time The parameter a is the probability of a cell arriving late See CDVT Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary CDVT Cell Delay Variation Tolerance ATM layer functions may alter the traffic characteristics of ATM connections by introducing Cell Delay Variation When cells from two or more ATM connections are multiplexed cells of a given ATM connection may be delayed while cells of another ATM connection are being inserted at the output of the multiplexer Similarly some cells may be delayed while physical layer overhead or OAM cells are inserted Consequently some randomness may affect the inter arrival time between consecutive cells of a connection as monitored at the UNI The upper bound on the clumping measure is the CDVT CE Connection endpoint A terminator at one end of a layer connection within a SAP CEI Connection endpoint Identifier Identifier of a CE that can be used to identify the connection at a SAP Cell A unit of transmission in ATM A fixed size frame consisting of a 5 octet header and a 48 octet payload Cell Header ATM Layer protocol control information CER Cell Error Ratio The ratio of errored cells in a transmission in relation to the total cells sent in a transmission The measurement is taken over a time interval and is desirable to be measured on an in service circuit CES Circuit Em
219. w the RS 232C connector Figure 9 4 and Figure 9 5 show the connection method with a PC9801 and an IBM PC respectively The shape of the RS 232C connector on the 98 side is a D SUB 25 pin male connector The shape of the RS 232C connector on the IBM PC side is a D SUB 9 pin male connector Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 9 3 NTP 297 8103 903 MAT and NMS Maintenance and Operations Specifications of the ATM Switch RS 232C connector are shown below a a ae T T DCDi 8 DER T TN TM pire io i PD B 1d E 1 E x cs LRL SLICE RIED ALTA iD Froni wies of 22 cin D mjb Front wies of B pin Desub bESTI connector dmala connector mak POSE sede ATOMS SSE skio Figure 9 2 PC98 ATM Switch RS 232C Connector Figure 9 3 IBM PC ATM Switch Interface RS 232C Connector 1 DCD 2TxD gt 2RxD 3 RxD 3TxD 4 RST 4 DTR 5CTS 5 SG 6 DSR 6 DSR 7 SG 7 RTS 8 DCD L gt scrs 20 DTR 9 RI PC 98 NETNEX 8550 Figure 9 4 Connection with PC98 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Maintenance and Operations MAT and NMS 1 DCD 1 DCD 2 RxD 2 RxD 3 TxD 3 TxD 4 DTR 4 DTR 6 DSR 6 DSR 7 RTS 7 RTS scts Lex sors 9 RI 9 RI IBM PC NETNEX 8550 Figure 9 5 Connection with IBM PC Connection The ATM Switch is equipped with a RS 232C connector on the front of the switch C
220. ws BOOT SET boot initialize save 8 End the boot monitor BOOT QUIT Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual 10 23 NTP 297 8103 903 Upgrading Software Modifications 10 24 NETWORK Mode Load the software from the Ether network server connected via the LAN card mounted in the PCMCIA slot 1 The office data is loaded from the ATA cad mounted in PCMCIA slot 0 Software is not saved POROCLA LAH cand FUNECIN ATA coal Prem Fiber Figure 10 28 NETWORK Mode Procedure 1 Turn off the power of the ATM Switch 2 Insert into PCMCIA slot 0 the ATA card containing the office data you wish to continue to use and into PCMCIA slot 1 the LAN card connected to the Ether network Turn on the power of the ATM Switch and start the boot monitor Set the IP address of the ATM Switch BOOT SET local x KKK 5 Set the server s IP address and boot file name BOOT SET server k x kk kkk x k bootfiles 6 Setthe IP address of the default router BOOT SET route k KKK 7 Setthe boot mode as follows BOOT SET boot network 8 End the boot monitor BOOT QUIT Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Modifications Adding Line Cards Adding Line Cards Preparation Hardware Work Setting the ATM Switch and MAT Hardware Check of the Additional Line Card Setting System This section describes the procedures for adding line cards to the line slots o
221. y the magnitude of the voltage presented at its input The frequency changes when the voltage changes VD Virtual Destination Refer to VS VD VF Variance Factor VF is a relative measure of cell rate margin normalized by the variance of the aggregate cell rate on the link Virtual Channel Switch A network element that connects VCLs It terminates VPCs and translates VCI values It is directed by Control Plane functions and relays the cells of a VC Virtual Path Switch A network element that connects VPLs It translates VPI not VCT values and is directed by Control Plane functions It relays the cell of the VP VLAN Virtual Local Area Network Work stations connected to an intelligent device which provides the capabilities to define LAN membership VMEBUS VEASA Module European Bus A 32 bit bus developed by Motorola Signetics Mostek and Thompson CSF Used widely in industrial commercial and military applications with over 300 manufacturers of VMEbus products worldwide VP Virtual Path A unidirectional logical association or bundle of VCs VPC Virtual Path Connection A concatenation of VPLs between Virtual Path Terminators VPTs VPCs are unidirectional 1 Newton s Telecom Dictionary B 84 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Glossary VPI Virtual Path Identifier An eight bit field in the ATM cell header which indicates the virtual path over which the cell should be routed

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents

Sunwave Tech. SRC-3060 User's Manual  Black & Decker NV4820CN User's Manual  1 Premere il pulsante  Curtis SDVD9020  Samsung Table Induction    ビル用マルチVe-upシリーズ 2008/01発行 154p 諸注意  EUROSTER 2510TXRX – USER MANUAL 1 EUROSTER  LG F12B9QDA washing machine  機械設計・CAD科 - 工学院大学専門学校  

Copyright © All rights reserved. Failed to retrieve file